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Viding E, McCrory E, Baskin-Sommers A, De Brito S, Frick P. An 'embedded brain' approach to understanding antisocial behaviour. Trends Cogn Sci 2024; 28:159-171. [PMID: 37718176 DOI: 10.1016/j.tics.2023.08.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Revised: 08/14/2023] [Accepted: 08/15/2023] [Indexed: 09/19/2023]
Abstract
Antisocial behaviour (ASB) incurs substantial costs to the individual and society. Cognitive neuroscience has the potential to shed light on developmental risk for ASB, but it cannot achieve this potential in an 'essentialist' framework that focuses on the brain and cognition isolated from the environment. Here, we present the case for studying the social transactional and iterative unfolding of brain and cognitive development in a relational context. This approach, which we call the study of the 'embedded brain', is needed to fully understand how risk for ASB arises during development. Concentrated efforts are required to develop and unify methods to achieve this approach and reap the benefits for improved prevention and intervention of ASB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Essi Viding
- Division of Psychology and Language Sciences, University College London, Gower Street, London, WC1E 6BT, UK.
| | - Eamon McCrory
- Division of Psychology and Language Sciences, University College London, Gower Street, London, WC1E 6BT, UK
| | | | - Stephane De Brito
- School of Psychology, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
| | - Paul Frick
- Department of Psychology, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA
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2
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Saputra F, Uthis P, Sukratul S. Conduct problems among middle adolescents in the community settings: A concept analysis. BELITUNG NURSING JOURNAL 2023; 9:293-301. [PMID: 37645575 PMCID: PMC10461166 DOI: 10.33546/bnj.2670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2023] [Revised: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 07/04/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Adolescent problem behavior in research and practice has been traditionally categorized as Oppositional Deviant Disorder and Conduct Disorder. However, a significant number of adolescents remain underdiagnosed. To address this issue, the term "Conduct Problem" has emerged as a commonly used descriptor for those who have not yet received a formal diagnosis, particularly within the community. It is crucial for nurses to comprehend the characteristics of these conduct problems to address them effectively. Objective This concept analysis aimed to clarify the concept of conduct problems among adolescents aged 14 to 16, specifically within community settings. Methods The concept analysis followed Walker and Avant's approach. The usage of the concept was examined in five databases (PsyINFO, ProQuest, PubMed, ScienceDirect, Scopus), which yielded 41 relevant studies for comprehensive analysis. Results The identified attributes of conduct problems in adolescents included oppositional problems, antisocial problems, and criminal-related problems. These conduct problems were found to have antecedents stemming from personal, parental, and environmental factors. Furthermore, the consequences of conduct problems significantly impacted both middle adolescents and their parents. Conclusion The findings of this concept analysis contribute to a better comprehension of the concept of conduct problems among middle adolescents in community settings. The insights gained from this analysis will assist in using this term more effectively in research and nursing practice, ultimately leading to improved care and support for affected adolescents and their families.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fauzan Saputra
- Faculty of Nursing, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Penpaktr Uthis
- Faculty of Nursing, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Sunisa Sukratul
- Faculty of Nursing, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
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Guan M, Ma L, Zhu Y, Liao Y, Zeng L, Wu S, Men K, Liu X. Impaired sustained attention in groups at high risk for antisocial personality disorder: A contingent negative variation and standardized low-resolution tomographic analysis study. Front Hum Neurosci 2022; 16:925322. [PMID: 36504621 PMCID: PMC9726724 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2022.925322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective This study aimed to explore the characteristics of contingent negative variation (CNV) in groups at high risk for antisocial personality disorder. Materials and methods A classic CNV paradigm was used to compare the characteristics of attention maintenance among a group of individuals with conduct disorder (CD group; n = 27), a group of individuals with antisocial personality traits (AP; n = 29), a group of individuals with conduct disorder and antisocial personality traits (CD + AP group; n = 25), and a group of healthy controls (CG group; n = 30), to examine the characteristics of the amplitude and latency of CNV in different processing stages. Results Results of the event-related potential analysis were as follows: The mean amplitude analysis between 500 and 1,000 ms revealed that the mean CNV amplitudes in the CD + AP group (-1.388 ± 0.449 μV, P < 0.001) were significantly lower than that in the CG group (-4.937 ± 0.409 μV). The mean amplitude analysis between 1,000 and 1,500 ms revealed that the mean CNV amplitude in the CD + AP group (-0.931 ± 0.646 μV) was significantly lower than that in the CG group (4.809 ± 0.589 μV, P < 0.001). The mean amplitude analysis between 1,500 and 2,000 ms revealed that the mean CNV amplitude in the CG group (3.121 ± 0.725 μV) was significantly higher than that in the CD + AP group (-0.277 ± 0.795 μV, P = 0.012), whereas the mean CNV amplitude in the CD + AP group was not significantly different in the AP group (P = 0.168) and CD group (P > 0.05). Source localization results indicated altered activity in frontal-temporal regions. Conclusion The CNV amplitude characteristics in the CD + AP group and AP group were more consistent and fluctuated around the baseline, indicating the absence of attention maintenance resulted in impairments in attention allocation and motor preparation in the CD + AP group and AP group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muzhen Guan
- Department of Psychiatry, Xi’an Medical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China,School of Military Medical Psychology, Air Force Medical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Lifang Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Department of Operative Dentistry and Endodontics, School of Stomatology, Air Force Medical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yifang Zhu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Tangdu Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yang Liao
- Air Force Medical Center, Air Force Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Lingwei Zeng
- School of Military Medical Psychology, Air Force Medical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Shengjun Wu
- School of Military Medical Psychology, Air Force Medical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China,Shengjun Wu,
| | - Ke Men
- Department of Psychiatry, Xi’an Medical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China,Ke Men,
| | - Xufeng Liu
- School of Military Medical Psychology, Air Force Medical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China,*Correspondence: Xufeng Liu,
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Wu J, Chen L, Li X, Yue S, Huang X, Liu J, Hou X, Lai T. Trends in the prevalence of conduct disorder from 1990 to 2019: Findings from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019. Psychiatry Res 2022; 317:114907. [PMID: 36265191 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2022.114907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2021] [Revised: 10/11/2022] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Conduct disorder is one of the least widely recognized and studied psychiatric disorders. This study aimed to comprehensively analyze the burden of conduct disorder at the global, regional, and national levels based on the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) 2019 estimates. Globally, the age-standardized prevalence rates (ASPRs) of conduct disorder slightly increased from 1990 to 2019 with an estimated annual percentage change (EAPC) at 0.147. Males had a higher burden than females, but females had a greater increment in ASPRs than males over time. In 2019, the highest ASPR of conduct disorder was observed in Western Europe, followed by Eastern Europe, with the lowest one found in East Asia, then South Asia. However, the most significant increment in ASPRs was observed in high-income North America, followed by East Asia, and South Asia. The EAPCs at the national level were negatively associated with the ASPRs in 1990. The burden of conduct disorder continues to increase globally, especially in high-income North America, East Asia, and South Asia, and should have more attention focused on it.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiayuan Wu
- Clinical Research Service Center, the Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang 524001, Guangdong, China; Guangdong Engineering Research Center of Collaborative Innovation Technology of Clinical Medical Big Data Cloud Service in Medical Consortium of West Guangdong Province, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang 524001, Guangdong, China.
| | - Lin Chen
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, the Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang 524001, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiaolin Li
- Clinical Research Service Center, the Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang 524001, Guangdong, China; Guangdong Engineering Research Center of Collaborative Innovation Technology of Clinical Medical Big Data Cloud Service in Medical Consortium of West Guangdong Province, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang 524001, Guangdong, China
| | - Suru Yue
- Clinical Research Service Center, the Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang 524001, Guangdong, China
| | - Xueying Huang
- Clinical Research Service Center, the Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang 524001, Guangdong, China
| | - Jie Liu
- Clinical Research Service Center, the Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang 524001, Guangdong, China
| | - Xuefei Hou
- Clinical Research Service Center, the Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang 524001, Guangdong, China; Guangdong Engineering Research Center of Collaborative Innovation Technology of Clinical Medical Big Data Cloud Service in Medical Consortium of West Guangdong Province, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang 524001, Guangdong, China
| | - Tianwen Lai
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, the Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang 524001, Guangdong, China.
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Scarth M, Jørstad ML, Reierstad A, Klonteig S, Torgersen S, Hullstein IR, Bjørnebekk A. Psychopathology among anabolic-androgenic steroid using and non-using female athletes in Norway. J Psychiatr Res 2022; 155:295-301. [PMID: 36170757 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2022.09.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2022] [Revised: 08/24/2022] [Accepted: 09/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Anabolic-androgenic steroids (AAS) are primarily used to improve physical appearance and increase lean muscle mass. Due to their masculinizing properties, the majority of people using AAS are men; however, AAS use among females may increase with changing body ideals trending towards a more muscular appearance. AAS use among males have been associated with risk-taking behavior, and increased prevalence of personality disorders and psychopathology. As a result of low perceived prevalence and stigma among females who use AAS, the relationship between AAS use and psychopathology in this population is not well-known. AAS using women (n = 16) and weight-lifting controls (WLC) (n = 16) completed questionnaires regarding AAS use, health and training information. Psychopathology was evaluated using the Millon Clinical Multiaxial Inventory-III (MCMI-III). Group differences on demographic variables and scores on MCMI-III scales were evaluated with Mann-Whitney U tests. The clinical cut-off was then applied to all MCMI-III scales and groups were compared using Fisher's exact test. AAS consumers demonstrated significantly greater psychopathology than WLC on several scales. Externalizing personality disorder scales were elevated among those who use AAS relative to controls, such as borderline (p < 0.001), antisocial (p = 0.007) and sadistic (p = 0.002), and in addition depressive (p = 0.012), negativistic (p = 0.001) and masochistic (p = 0.029) personality disorders scales. Furthermore, all clinical syndromes were elevated among AAS consumers. AAS consumers thus demonstrated multi-pathology, and 56% (n = 9) of the group met the clinical criteria for six or more disorders. Females who use AAS experience in general increased levels of psychopathology compared to WLC. Clinicians should be aware of these traits and the challenges they present in providing care to this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morgan Scarth
- Anabolic Androgenic Steroid Research Group, Section for Clinical Addiction Research, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway; Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
| | - Marie Lindvik Jørstad
- Anabolic Androgenic Steroid Research Group, National Advisory Unit on SUD Treatment, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | | | - Sandra Klonteig
- Anabolic Androgenic Steroid Research Group, Section for Clinical Addiction Research, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | | | - Ingunn R Hullstein
- Norwegian Doping Control Laboratory, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Astrid Bjørnebekk
- Anabolic Androgenic Steroid Research Group, Section for Clinical Addiction Research, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
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Wang Y, Huang X, Li S, Yue S, Liu J, Wu J. Secular Trend in the Incidence of Conduct Disorder in China from 1990 to 2019: A Joinpoint and Age-Period-Cohort Analysis. J Dev Behav Pediatr 2022; 43:e339-e346. [PMID: 35013066 DOI: 10.1097/dbp.0000000000001049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to analyze the secular trends of conduct disorder (CD) incidence in China from 1990 to 2019 under the joinpoint analysis and the age-period-cohort framework. METHODS The sex-specific incidence rates of CD from 1990 to 2019 were extracted from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019 database according to the age group. The joinpoint regression and the age-period-cohort model were conducted using the average annual percent changes and relative risks as size effects, respectively. RESULTS From 1990 to 2019, age-standardized rates (ASRs) of CD incidence showed an overall increasing trend in both sexes, and this variation trend was observed in almost all age groups. The annual sex-specific ASRs were lower in China than those worldwide but were rapidly growing. Age effects were the most significant risk factor for CD, with the highest risk in adolescents aged 10 to 14 years, followed by children aged 5 to 9 years, but a relatively lower risk in adolescents aged 15 to 19 years than in other age groups. However, period and cohort effects were not statistically significant. CONCLUSION CD incidence rates in China have been increasing in both sexes from 1990 to 2019. Further studies are necessary to explain the etiology of these increases and promote the early identification of individuals at risk for developing CD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yufeng Wang
- Clinical Research Service Center, the Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
- Collaborative Innovation Engineering Technology Research Center of Clinical Medical Big Data Cloud Service in Medical Consortium of West Guangdong Province, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Xueying Huang
- Clinical Research Service Center, the Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Shasha Li
- Clinical Research Service Center, the Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Suru Yue
- Clinical Research Service Center, the Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Jie Liu
- Clinical Research Service Center, the Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Jiayuan Wu
- Clinical Research Service Center, the Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
- Collaborative Innovation Engineering Technology Research Center of Clinical Medical Big Data Cloud Service in Medical Consortium of West Guangdong Province, Zhanjiang, China
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Teeuw J, Klein M, Mota NR, Brouwer RM, van ‘t Ent D, Al-Hassaan Z, Franke B, Boomsma DI, Hulshoff Pol HE. Multivariate Genetic Structure of Externalizing Behavior and Structural Brain Development in a Longitudinal Adolescent Twin Sample. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23063176. [PMID: 35328598 PMCID: PMC8949114 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23063176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Revised: 03/10/2022] [Accepted: 03/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Externalizing behavior in its more extreme form is often considered a problem to the individual, their families, teachers, and society as a whole. Several brain structures have been linked to externalizing behavior and such associations may arise if the (co)development of externalizing behavior and brain structures share the same genetic and/or environmental factor(s). We assessed externalizing behavior with the Child Behavior Checklist and Youth Self Report, and the brain volumes and white matter integrity (fractional anisotropy [FA] and mean diffusivity [MD]) with magnetic resonance imaging in the BrainSCALE cohort, which consisted of twins and their older siblings from 112 families measured longitudinally at ages 10, 13, and 18 years for the twins. Genetic covariance modeling based on the classical twin design, extended to also include siblings of twins, showed that genes influence externalizing behavior and changes therein (h2 up to 88%). More pronounced externalizing behavior was associated with higher FA (observed correlation rph up to +0.20) and lower MD (rph up to −0.20), with sizeable genetic correlations (FA ra up to +0.42; MD ra up to −0.33). The cortical gray matter (CGM; rph up to −0.20) and cerebral white matter (CWM; rph up to +0.20) volume were phenotypically but not genetically associated with externalizing behavior. These results suggest a potential mediating role for global brain structures in the display of externalizing behavior during adolescence that are both partially explained by the influence of the same genetic factor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jalmar Teeuw
- Department of Psychiatry, Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3584 CX Utrecht, The Netherlands; (R.M.B.); (Z.A.-H.); (H.E.H.P.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +31-(088)-75-53-387
| | - Marieke Klein
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA;
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Medical Center, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands; (N.R.M.); (B.F.)
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University, 6525 XZ Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Nina Roth Mota
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Medical Center, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands; (N.R.M.); (B.F.)
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University, 6525 XZ Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Rachel M. Brouwer
- Department of Psychiatry, Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3584 CX Utrecht, The Netherlands; (R.M.B.); (Z.A.-H.); (H.E.H.P.)
- Department of Complex Trait Genetics, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Dennis van ‘t Ent
- Department of Biological Psychology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (D.v.‘t.E.); (D.I.B.)
| | - Zyneb Al-Hassaan
- Department of Psychiatry, Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3584 CX Utrecht, The Netherlands; (R.M.B.); (Z.A.-H.); (H.E.H.P.)
| | - Barbara Franke
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Medical Center, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands; (N.R.M.); (B.F.)
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University, 6525 XZ Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Department of Psychiatry, Radboud University Medical Center, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Dorret I. Boomsma
- Department of Biological Psychology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (D.v.‘t.E.); (D.I.B.)
- Amsterdam Public Health (APH) Research Institute, 1081 BT Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Hilleke E. Hulshoff Pol
- Department of Psychiatry, Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3584 CX Utrecht, The Netherlands; (R.M.B.); (Z.A.-H.); (H.E.H.P.)
- Department of Psychology, Utrecht University, 3584 CS Utrecht, The Netherlands
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Severity of anabolic steroid dependence, executive function, and personality traits in substance use disorder patients in Norway. Drug Alcohol Depend 2022; 231:109275. [PMID: 35030506 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2022.109275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2021] [Revised: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Anabolic androgenic steroids (AAS), including testosterone and synthetic derivatives, are typically used to increase muscle mass. Many users develop a dependence on these substances, contributing to worsened physical and mental health outcomes. Aspects of personality and executive dysfunction may represent underlying vulnerabilities for developing dependence. OBJECTIVE To identify levels of AAS dependence within substance use disorder (SUD) treatment patients and assess the relationship between dependence severity and personality traits and executive function (EF). METHODS Data were collected from patients at 38 SUD treatment facilities in Norway. Questionnaires were completed for measures of personality and EF. Measures of symptoms of AAS dependence were used in latent class analysis to identify sub-groups of patients, which were evaluated for association with EF and personality traits, and compared with a group of non-AAS using SUD patients. RESULTS Three classes were identified; largely reflecting low, moderate, and high symptoms of dependence. Multinomial regression analyses indicated that moderate and high symptoms were associated with several measures of EF and personality traits, particularly self-monitoring, antagonism, disinhibition, and rigid perfectionism while users with low symptoms exhibited higher capacities for emotional control and shift, and lower negative affectivity, relative to non-AAS using SUD patients. Backward stepwise regressions indicated antagonism, and decreased self-monitoring as key personality and cognitive characteristics of SUD patients with severe AAS dependence. CONCLUSION Our findings indicate that specific executive dysfunctions and personality features, particularly those associated with poor emotional control, reduced empathy, and impulsivity are associated with more severe AAS dependence in the SUD population.
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Polygenic risk for aggressive behavior from late childhood through early adulthood. Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2021; 32:651-660. [PMID: 34741676 DOI: 10.1007/s00787-021-01906-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2021] [Accepted: 10/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Twin studies suggest a substantial role for genes in explaining individual differences in aggressive behavior across development. It is unclear, however, how directly measured genetic risk is associated with aggressive behavior at different moments across adolescence and how genes might distinguish developmental trajectories of aggressive behavior. Here, a polygenic risk score derived from the EAGLE-Consortium genome-wide association study of aggressive behavior in children was tested as predictor of latent growth classes derived from those measures in an adolescent population (n = 2229, of which n = 1246 with genetic information) and a high-risk sample (n = 543, of which n = 335 with genetic information). In the population sample, the polygenic risk score explained variation in parent-reported aggressive behavior at all ages and distinguished between stable low aggressive behavior and moderate and high-decreasing trajectories based on parent-report. In contrast, the polygenic risk score was not associated with self- and teacher-reported aggressive behavior, and no associations were found in the high-risk sample. This pattern of results suggests that methodological choices made in genome-wide association studies impact the predictive strength of polygenic risk scores, not just with respect to power but likely also in terms of generalizability and specificity.
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Otto C, Kaman A, Erhart M, Barkmann C, Klasen F, Schlack R, Ravens-Sieberer U. Risk and resource factors of antisocial behaviour in children and adolescents: results of the longitudinal BELLA study. Child Adolesc Psychiatry Ment Health 2021; 15:61. [PMID: 34686200 PMCID: PMC8539834 DOI: 10.1186/s13034-021-00412-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2021] [Accepted: 10/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Antisocial behaviour is a common phenomenon in childhood and adolescence. Information on psychosocial risk and resource factors for antisocial behaviour are important for planning targeted prevention and early intervention programs. The current study explores risk and resource factors of antisocial behaviour in children and adolescents based on population-based longitudinal data. METHODS We analysed longitudinal data from the German BELLA study (n = 1145; 11 to 17 year-olds) measured at three measurement points covering two years. Latent growth analysis, linear regression models and structural equation modelling were used to explore cross-sectional and longitudinal data. RESULTS Based on baseline data, we found that stronger self-efficacy and worse family climate were each related to stronger antisocial behaviour. Longitudinal data revealed that more severe parental mental health problems, worse family climate at baseline, deteriorating family climate over time, and more social support were each associated with increasing antisocial behaviour over time. We further found a moderating effect for family climate. CONCLUSIONS Our study provides important exploratory results on psychosocial risk, resource and protective factors in the context of antisocial behaviour in children and adolescents, which need confirmation by future research. Our exploratory results point in the direction that family-based interventions for antisocial behavior in children and adolescents may benefit from considering the family climate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christiane Otto
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychotherapy, and Psychosomatics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistr. 52, Building W29, D-20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Anne Kaman
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychotherapy, and Psychosomatics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistr. 52, Building W29, D-20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Michael Erhart
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychotherapy, and Psychosomatics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistr. 52, Building W29, D-20246, Hamburg, Germany
- Alice Salomon University of Applied Sciences, Berlin, Germany
- Apollon University of Applied Sciences, Bremen, Germany
| | - Claus Barkmann
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychotherapy, and Psychosomatics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistr. 52, Building W29, D-20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Fionna Klasen
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychotherapy, and Psychosomatics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistr. 52, Building W29, D-20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Robert Schlack
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Monitoring, Robert Koch-Institute, General-Pape- Straße 62-66, D-12101, Berlin, Germany
| | - Ulrike Ravens-Sieberer
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychotherapy, and Psychosomatics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistr. 52, Building W29, D-20246, Hamburg, Germany.
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There are More than Two Sides to Antisocial Behavior: The Inextricable Link between Hemispheric Specialization and Environment. Symmetry (Basel) 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/sym12101671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Human functions and traits are linked to cerebral networks serving different emotional and cognitive control systems, some of which rely on hemispheric specialization and integration to promote adaptive goal-directed behavior. Among the neural systems discussed in this context are those underlying pro- and antisocial behaviors. The diverse functions and traits governing our social behavior have been associated with lateralized neural activity. However, as with other complex behaviors, specific hemispheric roles are difficult to elucidate. This is due largely to environmental and contextual influences, which interact with neural substrates in the development and expression of pro and antisocial functions. This paper will discuss the reciprocal ties between environmental factors and hemispheric functioning in the context of social behavior. Rather than an exhaustive review, the paper will attempt to familiarize readers with the prominent literature and primary questions to encourage further research and in-depth discussion in this field.
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Hendriks AM, Finkenauer C, Nivard MG, Van Beijsterveldt CEM, Plomin RJ, Boomsma DI, Bartels M. Comparing the genetic architecture of childhood behavioral problems across socioeconomic strata in the Netherlands and the United Kingdom. Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2020; 29:353-362. [PMID: 31154517 PMCID: PMC7056693 DOI: 10.1007/s00787-019-01357-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2018] [Accepted: 05/23/2019] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Socioeconomic status (SES) affects the development of childhood behavioral problems. It has been frequently observed that children from low SES background tend to show more behavioral problems. There also is some evidence that SES has a moderating effect on the causes of individual differences in childhood behavioral problems, with lower heritability estimates and a stronger contribution of environmental factors in low SES groups. The aim of the present study was to examine whether the genetic architecture of childhood behavioral problems suggests the presence of protective and/or harmful effects across socioeconomic strata, in two countries with different levels of socioeconomic disparity: the Netherlands and the United Kingdom. We analyzed data from 7-year-old twins from the Netherlands Twin Register (N = 24,112 twins) and the Twins Early Development Study (N = 19,644 twins). The results revealed a nonlinear moderation effect of SES on the contribution of genetic and environmental factors to individual differences in childhood behavioral problems. The heritability was higher, the contribution of the shared environment was lower, and the contribution of the nonshared environment was higher, for children from high SES families, compared to children from low or medium SES families. The pattern was similar for Dutch and UK families. We discuss the importance of these findings for prevention and intervention goals.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. M. Hendriks
- grid.12380.380000 0004 1754 9227Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Department of Biological Psychology, Netherlands Twin Register, van der Boechorststraat 7, 1081 BT Amsterdam, the Netherlands ,grid.16872.3a0000 0004 0435 165XAmsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - C. Finkenauer
- grid.12380.380000 0004 1754 9227Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Department of Biological Psychology, Netherlands Twin Register, van der Boechorststraat 7, 1081 BT Amsterdam, the Netherlands ,grid.5477.10000000120346234Department of Interdisciplinary Social Sciences: Youth Studies, Utrecht University, Padualaan 14, 3584 CH Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - M. G. Nivard
- grid.12380.380000 0004 1754 9227Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Department of Biological Psychology, Netherlands Twin Register, van der Boechorststraat 7, 1081 BT Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - C. E. M. Van Beijsterveldt
- grid.12380.380000 0004 1754 9227Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Department of Biological Psychology, Netherlands Twin Register, van der Boechorststraat 7, 1081 BT Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - R. J. Plomin
- grid.13097.3c0000 0001 2322 6764King’s College London, Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, MRC Social, Institute of Psychiatry, Strand, London, WC2R 2LS UK
| | - D. I. Boomsma
- grid.12380.380000 0004 1754 9227Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Department of Biological Psychology, Netherlands Twin Register, van der Boechorststraat 7, 1081 BT Amsterdam, the Netherlands ,grid.16872.3a0000 0004 0435 165XAmsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - M. Bartels
- grid.12380.380000 0004 1754 9227Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Department of Biological Psychology, Netherlands Twin Register, van der Boechorststraat 7, 1081 BT Amsterdam, the Netherlands ,grid.16872.3a0000 0004 0435 165XAmsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
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Huang XX, Li YL, Guan HY. [Influence of genetic and environment factors on aggressive behavior in twin children]. ZHONGGUO DANG DAI ER KE ZA ZHI = CHINESE JOURNAL OF CONTEMPORARY PEDIATRICS 2019; 21:1212-1217. [PMID: 31874662 PMCID: PMC7389012 DOI: 10.7499/j.issn.1008-8830.2019.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2019] [Accepted: 10/20/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the influence of genetic and environmental factors on aggressive behavior in twin children, and to provide clues for further exploring the causal relationship between such factors and aggressive behavior. METHODS A questionnaire was used to investigate aggressive behavior, temperament type and parenting style among 261 twin children aged 4-12.8 years. The Holzinger method and the maximum likelihood method were used to construct a structural equation model for the estimation of heritability. Binary logistic regression analysis, multivariate linear regression analysis and general linear model analysis were used to analyze the association between aggressive behavior and environmental factors in twin children. RESULTS The heritability of aggressive behavior was 44.4% in twin children and the score of aggressive behavior showed moderate heritability (60.9% in boys and 65.6% in girls). The multivariate analysis showed that the score of aggressive behavior in twin children was affected by the mother's emotional warmth/understanding, the mother's punishment/severity and the father's overprotection (P<0.05). There was an interaction between the mother's emotional warmth/understanding and the father's overprotection (P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS Both genetic and environmental factors have influence on children's aggressive behavior, and parenting style is the main environmental factor affecting the aggressive behavior of twin children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin-Xin Huang
- Institute of Life Science and Technology, Inner Mongolia Normal University, Hohhot 010022, China.
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14
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Huang XX, Li YL, Guan HY. [Influence of genetic and environment factors on aggressive behavior in twin children]. ZHONGGUO DANG DAI ER KE ZA ZHI = CHINESE JOURNAL OF CONTEMPORARY PEDIATRICS 2019; 21:1212-1217. [PMID: 31874662 PMCID: PMC7389012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2019] [Accepted: 10/20/2019] [Indexed: 08/01/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the influence of genetic and environmental factors on aggressive behavior in twin children, and to provide clues for further exploring the causal relationship between such factors and aggressive behavior. METHODS A questionnaire was used to investigate aggressive behavior, temperament type and parenting style among 261 twin children aged 4-12.8 years. The Holzinger method and the maximum likelihood method were used to construct a structural equation model for the estimation of heritability. Binary logistic regression analysis, multivariate linear regression analysis and general linear model analysis were used to analyze the association between aggressive behavior and environmental factors in twin children. RESULTS The heritability of aggressive behavior was 44.4% in twin children and the score of aggressive behavior showed moderate heritability (60.9% in boys and 65.6% in girls). The multivariate analysis showed that the score of aggressive behavior in twin children was affected by the mother's emotional warmth/understanding, the mother's punishment/severity and the father's overprotection (P<0.05). There was an interaction between the mother's emotional warmth/understanding and the father's overprotection (P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS Both genetic and environmental factors have influence on children's aggressive behavior, and parenting style is the main environmental factor affecting the aggressive behavior of twin children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin-Xin Huang
- Institute of Life Science and Technology, Inner Mongolia Normal University, Hohhot 010022, China.
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Fairchild G, Hawes DJ, Frick PJ, Copeland WE, Odgers CL, Franke B, Freitag CM, De Brito SA. Conduct disorder. Nat Rev Dis Primers 2019; 5:43. [PMID: 31249310 DOI: 10.1038/s41572-019-0095-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 161] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/17/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Conduct disorder (CD) is a common and highly impairing psychiatric disorder that usually emerges in childhood or adolescence and is characterized by severe antisocial and aggressive behaviour. It frequently co-occurs with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and often leads to antisocial personality disorder in adulthood. CD affects ~3% of school-aged children and is twice as prevalent in males than in females. This disorder can be subtyped according to age at onset (childhood-onset versus adolescent-onset) and the presence or absence of callous-unemotional traits (deficits in empathy and guilt). The aetiology of CD is complex, with contributions of both genetic and environmental risk factors and different forms of interplay among the two (gene-environment interaction and correlation). In addition, CD is associated with neurocognitive impairments; smaller grey matter volume in limbic regions such as the amygdala, insula and orbitofrontal cortex, and functional abnormalities in overlapping brain circuits responsible for emotion processing, emotion regulation and reinforcement-based decision-making have been reported. Lower hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis and autonomic reactivity to stress has also been reported. Management of CD primarily involves parent-based or family-based psychosocial interventions, although stimulants and atypical antipsychotics are sometimes used, especially in individuals with comorbid ADHD.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - David J Hawes
- School of Psychology, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Paul J Frick
- Department of Psychology, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, USA and Institute for Learning Science and Teacher Education, Australian Catholic University, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | | | - Candice L Odgers
- Department of Psychological Science, School of Social Ecology, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Barbara Franke
- Departments of Human Genetics and Psychiatry, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Christine M Freitag
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Stephane A De Brito
- School of Psychology and Centre for Human Brain Health, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
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Malanchini M, Smith-Woolley E, Ayorech Z, Rimfeld K, Krapohl E, Vuoksimaa E, Korhonen T, Bartels M, van Beijsterveldt TC, Rose RJ, Lundström S, Anckarsäter H, Kaprio J, Lichtenstein P, Boomsma DI, Plomin R. Aggressive behaviour in childhood and adolescence: the role of smoking during pregnancy, evidence from four twin cohorts in the EU-ACTION consortium. Psychol Med 2019; 49:646-654. [PMID: 29886849 PMCID: PMC6378412 DOI: 10.1017/s0033291718001344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2017] [Revised: 03/14/2018] [Accepted: 04/24/2018] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Maternal smoking during pregnancy (MSDP) has been linked to offspring's externalizing problems. It has been argued that socio-demographic factors (e.g. maternal age and education), co-occurring environmental risk factors, or pleiotropic genetic effects may account for the association between MSDP and later outcomes. This study provides a comprehensive investigation of the association between MSDP and a single harmonized component of externalizing: aggressive behaviour, measured throughout childhood and adolescence. METHODS Data came from four prospective twin cohorts - Twins Early Development Study, Netherlands Twin Register, Childhood and Adolescent Twin Study of Sweden, and FinnTwin12 study - who collaborate in the EU-ACTION consortium. Data from 30 708 unrelated individuals were analysed. Based on item level data, a harmonized measure of aggression was created at ages 9-10; 12; 14-15 and 16-18. RESULTS MSDP predicted aggression in childhood and adolescence. A meta-analysis across the four samples found the independent effect of MSDP to be 0.4% (r = 0.066), this remained consistent when analyses were performed separately by sex. All other perinatal factors combined explained 1.1% of the variance in aggression across all ages and samples (r = 0.112). Paternal smoking and aggressive parenting strategies did not account for the MSDP-aggression association, consistent with the hypothesis of a small direct link between MSDP and aggression. CONCLUSIONS Perinatal factors, including MSDP, account for a small portion of the variance in aggression in childhood and adolescence. Later experiences may play a greater role in shaping adolescents' aggressive behaviour.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margherita Malanchini
- Social Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, King's College London, United Kingdom
- Department of Psychology, University of Texas at Austin, United States
| | - Emily Smith-Woolley
- Social Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, King's College London, United Kingdom
| | - Ziada Ayorech
- Social Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, King's College London, United Kingdom
| | - Kaili Rimfeld
- Social Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, King's College London, United Kingdom
| | - Eva Krapohl
- Social Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, King's College London, United Kingdom
| | - Eero Vuoksimaa
- Institute for Molecular Medicine FIMM, University of Helsinki, Finland
| | - Tellervo Korhonen
- Institute for Molecular Medicine FIMM, University of Helsinki, Finland
| | - Meike Bartels
- Department of Biological Psychology, Netherlands Twin Register, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Richard J. Rose
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Indiana University, United States
| | - Sebastian Lundström
- Centre for Ethics, Law and Mental Health and the Gillberg Neuropsychiatry Centre, Gothenburg University, Sweden
| | - Henrik Anckarsäter
- Centre for Ethics, Law and Mental Health and the Gillberg Neuropsychiatry Centre, Gothenburg University, Sweden
| | - Jaakko Kaprio
- Institute for Molecular Medicine FIMM, University of Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Public Health, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Paul Lichtenstein
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Sweden
| | - Dorret I. Boomsma
- Department of Biological Psychology, Netherlands Twin Register, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Robert Plomin
- Social Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, King's College London, United Kingdom
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