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Gatz-Miller HS, Gérard F, Su D, Mayer KU. Two-dimensional modeling of CO 2 mineral trapping through the oxalate‑carbonate pathway: Influence of the root system model. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 904:166280. [PMID: 37586515 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.166280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2023] [Revised: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 08/11/2023] [Indexed: 08/18/2023]
Abstract
Two-dimensional reactive transport models, one with a simplified root system and the other accounting for dynamically evolving root architecture, were constructed to examine the influence of model complexity on capturing the effect of soil-root dynamics relating to the Oxalate Carbonate Pathway (OCP) of the Iroko tree over 170 years. Oxidation of oxalate from fallen tree tissue by soil bacteria enables local soil pH increase, leading to the sequestration of atmospheric carbon in carbonate minerals (calcite) in the shallow soil surrounding the tree. Simulations of both root models corroborate previous one-dimensional models of the OCP focused on Ca and C mass balance, where high weathering rates of Ca-containing silicate minerals in bedrock, along with contributions from groundwater, provided sufficient Ca for precipitation of observed quantities of calcite. Both simulations demonstrate the development of a distinct high pH zone where oxalate is oxidized, Ca accumulates, and calcite precipitates (OCP zone); and a low pH zone where roots collect Ca, later returned to the top soil as calcium oxalate (Total Root Extent/TRE zone) via litterfall. While the extent of OCP zone development near the ground surface was very similar between simulations, differences in localized root water uptake between the two approaches resulted in variation in water and solute transport and influenced the geometry of the OCP zone at depth, with implications for calcite precipitation in the soil. Trends in CO2 and O2 partial pressures in the OCP zone were mirrored in the TRE zone, suggesting linkage between the two zones with regard to gas transport. Near the end of the tree's lifespan, results indicate that soil permeability decreases due to calcite precipitation may limit O2 ingress and availability in the shallow soil, while trapping CO2 released from the oxidation of organics in the shallow soil, with implications for the long-term sustainability of the OCP itself.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah S Gatz-Miller
- Department of Earth, Ocean, and Atmospheric Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, B.C., Canada.
| | - Frédéric Gérard
- INRAe-IRD-Institut Agro-CIRAD, University of Montpellier, UMR Eco&Sols, Montpellier, France
| | - Danyang Su
- Department of Earth, Ocean, and Atmospheric Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, B.C., Canada
| | - K Ulrich Mayer
- Department of Earth, Ocean, and Atmospheric Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, B.C., Canada
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2
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Mahmoodi MB, Kooch Y, Alberti G. Tree species is more effective than season dynamics on topsoil function and
CO
2
emissions in the temperate forests. Ecol Res 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/1440-1703.12364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Bagher Mahmoodi
- Faculty of Natural Resources University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources Sari Iran
| | - Yahya Kooch
- Faculty of Natural Resources and Marine Sciences Tarbiat Modares University Noor Iran
| | - Giorgio Alberti
- Department of Agrifood, Environmental and Animal Sciences University of Udine Udine Italy
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3
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Ohta T, Hiura T. The effects of functional differences in cultivar of
Cryptomeria japonica
on nutrient dynamics and soil invertebrates in a common garden. Ecol Res 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/1440-1703.12353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tamihisa Ohta
- Faculty of Science, Academic Assembly University of Toyama Toyama Japan
| | - Tsutom Hiura
- Department of Ecosystem Studies, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences The University of Tokyo Tokyo Japan
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4
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Furey GN, Tilman D. Plant biodiversity and the regeneration of soil fertility. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2021; 118:e2111321118. [PMID: 34845020 PMCID: PMC8670497 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2111321118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Fertile soils have been an essential resource for humanity for 10,000 y, but the ecological mechanisms involved in the creation and restoration of fertile soils, and especially the role of plant diversity, are poorly understood. Here we use results of a long-term, unfertilized plant biodiversity experiment to determine whether biodiversity, especially plant functional biodiversity, impacted the regeneration of fertility on a degraded sandy soil. After 23 y, plots containing 16 perennial grassland plant species had, relative to monocultures of these same species, ∼30 to 90% greater increases in soil nitrogen, potassium, calcium, magnesium, cation exchange capacity, and carbon and had ∼150 to 370% greater amounts of N, K, Ca, and Mg in plant biomass. Our results suggest that biodiversity, likely in combination with the increased plant productivity caused by higher biodiversity, led to greater soil fertility. Moreover, plots with high plant functional diversity, those containing grasses, legumes, and forbs, accumulated significantly greater N, K, Ca, and Mg in the total nutrient pool (plant biomass and soil) than did plots containing just one of these three functional groups. Plant species in these functional groups had trade-offs between their tissue N content, tissue K content, and root mass, suggesting why species from all three functional groups were essential for regenerating soil fertility. Our findings suggest that efforts to regenerate soil C stores and soil fertility may be aided by creative uses of plant diversity.
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Affiliation(s)
- George N Furey
- Ecology Evolution and Behavior, College of Biological Science, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN 55108;
| | - David Tilman
- Ecology Evolution and Behavior, College of Biological Science, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN 55108;
- Bren School of Environmental Science and Management, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA 93117
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5
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Contrasting Litter Nutrient and Metal Inputs and Soil Chemistry among Five Common Eastern North American Tree Species. FORESTS 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/f12050613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Forest composition has been altered throughout Eastern North America, and changes in species dominance may alter nutrient cycling patterns, influencing nutrient availability and distribution in soils. To assess whether nutrients and metals in litterfall and soil differed among sites influenced by five common Ontario tree species (balsam fir (Abies balsamea (L.) Mill.), eastern hemlock (Tsuga canadensis (L.) Carr.), white pine (Pinus strobus L.), sugar maple (Acer saccharum Marsh.), and yellow birch (Betula alleghaniensis Britt.)), litterfall and soil chemistry were measured at a managed forest in Central Ontario, Canada. Carbon (C) and macronutrient (nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), potassium (K), calcium (Ca), and magnesium (Mg)) inputs in litterfall varied significantly among sites, primarily due to differences in litterfall mass, which was greatest in deciduous-dominated sites, while differences in elemental concentrations played relatively minor roles. Trace metal inputs in litterfall also varied, with much higher zinc (Zn) and cadmium (Cd) in litterfall within yellow birch dominated stands. Mineral soil oxide composition was very similar among sites, suggesting that differences in soil chemistry were influenced by forest composition rather than parent material. Litter in deciduous-dominated stands had lower C/N, and soils were less acidic than conifer-dominated sites. Deciduous stands also had much shorter elemental residence times in the organic horizons, especially for base cations (Ca, Mg, K) compared with conifer-dominated sites, although total soil nutrient pools were relatively consistent among sites. A change from stands with greater conifer abundance to mixed hardwoods has likely led to more rapid cycling of elements in forests, particularly for base cations. These differences are apparent at small scales (100 m2) in mixed forests that characterize many forested regions in Eastern North America and elsewhere.
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Soil and Tree Nutrient Status of High Elevation Mixed Red Spruce (Picea rubens Sarg.) and Broadleaf Deciduous Forests. SOIL SYSTEMS 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/soilsystems3040080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Anthropogenic and industrial emissions have resulted in historically high levels of acidic deposition into central Appalachian forests. Despite the reduction in acidic inputs due to legislation curbing industrial emissions in the United States, continued N deposition may impact forest ecosystems. Soil and foliar samples were collected from four high elevation red spruce sites along a modeled gradient of historic N deposition. The three most abundant tree species at all sites, Acer rubrum L., Betula alleghaniensis Britt., and Picea rubens Sarg., were sampled. Bulk soil beneath the canopies of individual trees were collected from the top 15-cm and separated into organic and mineral fractions for analysis. Mehlich-III soil extracts of soil fractions and foliar digests from these trees were subjected to elemental analysis. Soil N concentrations supported the presence of a N deposition gradient: in organic horizon soil fractions, N concentrations were driven by precipitation volume and elevation; whereas in mineral soil fractions, N concentration was explained by modeled N deposition rate and elevation. In organic fractions, significant reductions in Ca, K, and P were evident as N deposition increased, whereas the Ca:Sr ratio increased. Foliar Ca, K, and Sr declined in foliage with increasing N deposition, with concomitant increases in foliar Ca:Sr ratios. Although the three species were sympatric in mixed stands at all four sites, the foliar–soil nutrient associations differed among them across the gradient, indicating differential uptake and cycling of nutrients/metals by these forest tree species.
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7
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Tanikawa T, Fujii S, Sun L, Hirano Y, Matsuda Y, Miyatani K, Doi R, Mizoguchi T, Maie N. Leachate from fine root litter is more acidic than leaf litter leachate: A 2.5-year laboratory incubation. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2018; 645:179-191. [PMID: 30021175 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.07.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2018] [Revised: 06/22/2018] [Accepted: 07/03/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Some tree species increase fine root production under soil acidification, thus changing the balance of litter input from leaves and roots. Litter leaches a significant amount of acidic materials during its decomposition, which might facilitate soil acidification. In this context, we focused on dissolved organic matter (DOM) as the major component of acidic materials. We hypothesized that both the quality and quantity of DOM, which control its function (i.e., proton supply), differ between leaf and root litter. To test this hypothesis, we conducted a 2.5-year laboratory incubation experiment using fresh fine roots and fresh green leaves as litter of two coniferous species (Cryptomeria japonica and Chamaecyparis obtusa) and investigated the leachate pH and DOM composition based on the optical properties. After the early stage of decomposition when flash leaching of DOM converged, the amount of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) leached from roots increased again and leachate pH declined. In contrast, DOC concentrations continued to decrease in leaf leachates during the incubation period, and the pH decrease was not as striking as that of root leachates. Optical properties (ultraviolet visible absorption and fluorescence) of DOM revealed that humic-like substances in DOM played a central role in the acidic pH of root leachates. The total amount of protons released from roots of C. japonica and C. obtusa is about 13 and 18 times higher, respectively, than that from leaves. These results imply that the increase of fine root biomass may induce a positive plant-soil feedback in acidic soils, affecting soil biogeochemical functions of terrestrial ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toko Tanikawa
- Kansai Research Center, Forestry and Forest Products Research Institute, Nagai-kyutaro, Momoyama, Fushimi, Kyoto 612-0855, Japan.
| | - Saori Fujii
- Forestry and Forest Products Research Institute, Matsunosato, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8687, Japan
| | - Lijuan Sun
- Division of Environmental Science and Technology, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Hirano
- Graduate School of Environmental Studies, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan
| | - Yosuke Matsuda
- Graduate School of Bioresources, Mie University, Mie 514-8507, Japan
| | - Kouhei Miyatani
- Graduate School of Environmental Studies, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan
| | - Ryuusei Doi
- Graduate School of Environmental Studies, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan
| | - Takeo Mizoguchi
- Kansai Research Center, Forestry and Forest Products Research Institute, Nagai-kyutaro, Momoyama, Fushimi, Kyoto 612-0855, Japan
| | - Nagamitsu Maie
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Kitasato University, Towada, Aomori 034-8628, Japan
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9
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Collin A, Messier C, Kembel SW, Bélanger N. Can sugar maple establish into the boreal forest? Insights from seedlings under various canopies in southern Quebec. Ecosphere 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ecs2.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre Collin
- Centre d’étude de la forêt Université du Québec à Montréal C.P. 8888, Succ. Centre‐Ville Montréal H3C 3P8 QuébecCanada
| | - Christian Messier
- Centre d’étude de la forêt Université du Québec à Montréal C.P. 8888, Succ. Centre‐Ville Montréal H3C 3P8 QuébecCanada
- Institut des Sciences de la Forêt Tempérée Université du Québec en Outaouais 58 rue Principale Ripon J0V 1V0 QuébecCanada
| | - Steven W. Kembel
- Centre d’étude de la forêt Université du Québec à Montréal C.P. 8888, Succ. Centre‐Ville Montréal H3C 3P8 QuébecCanada
- Département des Sciences Biologiques Université du Québec à Montréal C.P. 8888, Succ. Centre‐Ville Montréal H3C 3P8 QuébecCanada
| | - Nicolas Bélanger
- Centre d’étude de la forêt Université du Québec à Montréal C.P. 8888, Succ. Centre‐Ville Montréal H3C 3P8 QuébecCanada
- UER Science et Technologie, Téluq Université du Québec 5800 rue Saint‐Denis, Bureau 1105 Montréal H2S 3L5 QuébecCanada
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10
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Bigelow S, Canham C. Neighborhood-Scale Analyses of Non-additive Species Effects on Cation Concentrations in Forest Soils. Ecosystems 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s10021-017-0116-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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11
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Russell AE, Hall SJ, Raich JW. Tropical tree species traits drive soil cation dynamics via effects on pH: a proposed conceptual framework. ECOL MONOGR 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ecm.1274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ann E. Russell
- Department of Natural Resource Ecology and Management Iowa State University Ames Iowa 50011 USA
| | - Steven J. Hall
- Department of Ecology, Evolution and Organismal Biology Iowa State University Ames Iowa 50011 USA
| | - James W. Raich
- Department of Ecology, Evolution and Organismal Biology Iowa State University Ames Iowa 50011 USA
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12
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Hynicka JD, Pett-Ridge JC, Perakis SS. Nitrogen enrichment regulates calcium sources in forests. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2016; 22:4067-4079. [PMID: 27135298 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.13335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2016] [Revised: 04/15/2016] [Accepted: 04/20/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Nitrogen (N) is a key nutrient that shapes cycles of other essential elements in forests, including calcium (Ca). When N availability exceeds ecosystem demands, excess N can stimulate Ca leaching and deplete Ca from soils. Over the long term, these processes may alter the proportion of available Ca that is derived from atmospheric deposition vs. bedrock weathering, which has fundamental consequences for ecosystem properties and nutrient supply. We evaluated how landscape variation in soil N, reflecting long-term legacies of biological N fixation, influenced plant and soil Ca availability and ecosystem Ca sources across 22 temperate forests in Oregon. We also examined interactions between soil N and bedrock Ca using soil N gradients on contrasting basaltic vs. sedimentary bedrock that differed 17-fold in underlying Ca content. We found that low-N forests on Ca-rich basaltic bedrock relied strongly on Ca from weathering, but that soil N enrichment depleted readily weatherable mineral Ca and shifted forest reliance toward atmospheric Ca. Forests on Ca-poor sedimentary bedrock relied more consistently on atmospheric Ca across all levels of soil N enrichment. The broad importance of atmospheric Ca was unexpected given active regional uplift and erosion that are thought to rejuvenate weathering supply of soil minerals. Despite different Ca sources to forests on basaltic vs. sedimentary bedrock, we observed consistent declines in plant and soil Ca availability with increasing N, regardless of the Ca content of underlying bedrock. Thus, traditional measures of Ca availability in foliage and soil exchangeable pools may poorly reflect long-term Ca sources that sustain soil fertility. We conclude that long-term soil N enrichment can deplete available Ca and cause forests to rely increasingly on Ca from atmospheric deposition, which may limit ecosystem Ca supply in an increasingly N-rich world.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin D Hynicka
- Department of Forest Ecosystems and Society, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, 97331, USA
- Department of Crop and Soil Science, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, 97331, USA
| | - Julie C Pett-Ridge
- Department of Crop and Soil Science, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, 97331, USA
| | - Steven S Perakis
- Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center, U.S. Geological Survey, Corvallis, OR, 97331, USA
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13
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Momen B, Behling SJ, Lawrence GB, Sullivan JH. Photosynthetic and Growth Response of Sugar Maple (Acer saccharum Marsh.) Mature Trees and Seedlings to Calcium, Magnesium, and Nitrogen Additions in the Catskill Mountains, NY, USA. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0136148. [PMID: 26291323 PMCID: PMC4546351 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0136148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2015] [Accepted: 07/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Decline of sugar maple in North American forests has been attributed to changes in soil calcium (Ca) and nitrogen (N) by acidic precipitation. Although N is an essential and usually a limiting factor in forests, atmospheric N deposition may cause N-saturation leading to loss of soil Ca. Such changes can affect carbon gain and growth of sugar maple trees and seedlings. We applied a 22 factorial arrangement of N and dolomitic limestone containing Ca and Magnesium (Mg) to 12 forest plots in the Catskill Mountain region of NY, USA. To quantify the short-term effects, we measured photosynthetic-light responses of sugar maple mature trees and seedlings two or three times during two summers. We estimated maximum net photosynthesis (An-max) and its related light intensity (PAR at An-max), apparent quantum efficiency (Aqe), and light compensation point (LCP). To quantify the long-term effects, we measured basal area of living mature trees before and 4 and 8 years after treatment applications. Soil and foliar chemistry variables were also measured. Dolomitic limestone increased Ca, Mg, and pH in the soil Oe horizon. Mg was increased in the B horizon when comparing the plots receiving N with those receiving CaMg. In mature trees, foliar Ca and Mg concentrations were higher in the CaMg and N+CaMg plots than in the reference or N plots; foliar Ca concentration was higher in the N+CaMg plots compared with the CaMg plots, foliar Mg was higher in the CaMg plots than the N+CaMg plots; An-max was maximized due to N+CaMg treatment; Aqe decreased by N addition; and PAR at An-max increased by N or CaMg treatments alone, but the increase was maximized by their combination. No treatment effect was detected on basal areas of living mature trees four or eight years after treatment applications. In seedlings, An-max was increased by N+CaMg addition. The reference plots had an open herbaceous layer, but the plots receiving N had a dense monoculture of common woodfern in the forest floor, which can impede seedling survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bahram Momen
- Environmental Science and Technology Department, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Shawna J. Behling
- Plant Science and Landscape Architecture Department, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Greg B. Lawrence
- U.S. Geological Survey, New York Water Science Center, Troy, New York, United States of America
| | - Joseph H. Sullivan
- Plant Science and Landscape Architecture Department, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, United States of America
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Woś B, Pietrzykowski M. Simulation of Birch and Pine Litter Influence on Early Stage of Reclaimed Soil Formation Process under Controlled Conditions. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY 2015; 44:1091-1098. [PMID: 26437090 DOI: 10.2134/jeq2014.07.0315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The impact of litter decomposition on chemical substrate properties and element leaching during early soil formation in afforested post-mine sites and the influence of different tree species are key issues in new ecosystem development. Scots pine ( L.) and common birch ( Roth) are important pioneering species used in afforestation of post-mine sites in central and eastern Europe. The aim of this study was to assess the impact of litter decomposition of these species on the chemical properties of mine soil substrates. The impact of litter decomposition on soil properties was tested on quaternary and neogene substrates with different textures (sands, loams, and mixtures of clays and sands) in a controlled incubation experiment using PVC columns. Simulation of precipitation and leaching was undertaken for 10 wk at a temperature of 16°C with distilled water (200 mL wk) through cylinders with litter, substrate + litter, and control substrate (no litter). Filtrated water solution was collected once a week for laboratory analysis, and the concentrations of dissolved organic C, total N, K, Ca, Mg, and P were determined. The study results indicate a stronger impact of the common birch on the chemical properties of reclaimed mine soils compared with pine. After the experiment, birch litter caused significant changes in pH in quaternary sands, concentration of P in quaternary loams (Ql) and mixtures of neogene clays and quaternary sands (QsNc), exchangeable Ca in QsNc, and Mg in Ql and QsNc compared with pine litter. Birch, in comparison to pine, may affect the intensity of early-stage soil-forming processes by increasing nutrient availability and transport into the soil profile, which may affect the development of soil microbial communities. This process results in different soil properties under the two tree species.
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15
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Bigelow SW, Canham CD. Litterfall as a niche construction process in a northern hardwood forest. Ecosphere 2015. [DOI: 10.1890/es14-00442.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
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16
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Augusto L, De Schrijver A, Vesterdal L, Smolander A, Prescott C, Ranger J. Influences of evergreen gymnosperm and deciduous angiosperm tree species on the functioning of temperate and boreal forests. Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc 2014; 90:444-66. [DOI: 10.1111/brv.12119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 212] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2013] [Revised: 03/25/2014] [Accepted: 04/28/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Laurent Augusto
- UMR 1391 ISPA, INRA, Bordeaux Sciences Agro; Villenave d'Ornon 33883 France
| | - An De Schrijver
- Forest & Nature Lab; Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University; Geraardsbergse Steenweg 267 9090 Gontrode (Melle) Belgium
| | - Lars Vesterdal
- Department of Geosciences and Natural Resource Management; University of Copenhagen; Rolighedsvej 23 DK-1958 Frederiksberg C Denmark
| | - Aino Smolander
- Vantaa Research Department, Finnish Forest Research Institute; PO Box 18 FI-01301 Vantaa Finland
| | - Cindy Prescott
- Department of Forest and Conservation Sciences, Faculty of Forestry; University of British Columbia; Vancouver British Columbia Canada
| | - Jacques Ranger
- Biogéochimie des écosystèmes forestiers; INRA; Centre de Nancy 54280 Champenoux France
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Soil Changes in Model Tropical Ecosystems: Effects of Stand Longevity Outweigh Plant Diversity and Tree Species Identity in a Fertile Volcanic Soil. Ecosystems 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s10021-014-9753-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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18
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Lang C, Polle A. Ectomycorrhizal fungal diversity, tree diversity and root nutrient relations in a mixed Central European forest. TREE PHYSIOLOGY 2011; 31:531-538. [PMID: 21636693 DOI: 10.1093/treephys/tpr042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Knowledge is limited about whether root nutrient concentrations are affected by mixtures of tree species and interspecific root competition. The goal of this field study was to investigate root nutrient element concentrations in relation to root and ectomycorrhizal (EM) diversity in six different mixtures of beech (Fagus sylvatica), ash (Fraxinus excelsior) and lime (Tilia sp.) in an old-growth, undisturbed forest ecosystem. Root biomass and nutrient concentrations per tree taxon as well as the abundance and identity of all EM fungi were determined in soil cores of a volume of 1 L (r=40 mm, depth=200 mm). Stand-level nutrient concentrations in overall root biomass and H' (Shannon-Wiener diversity) were obtained by pooling the data per stand. At stand level, Shannon H' for roots and aboveground tree species abundance were correlated. H' for roots and EM fungi were not correlated because of the contribution of ash roots that form only arbuscular mycorrhizal but no EM associations. Nutrient element concentrations in roots showed taxon-related differences and increased in the following order: beech ≤ lime < ash with the exception of calcium (Ca), which was lower in ash. Stand-level concentrations of Ca, magnesium, potassium and sulfur in roots increased with increasing tree diversity because of two effects: increasing contribution of ash roots to the mixture and increasing Ca accumulation in beech roots with increasing root diversity. On a small scale, increasing root diversity, but not EM diversity, was correlated with decreasing P concentrations in beech roots pointing to interspecific tree competition. Nitrogen (N) concentrations of beech roots were unaltered in relation to root and EM diversity. Opposing behavior was observed for lime and ash: the N concentrations in lime roots increased, whereas those in ash roots decreased with increasing EM diversity in a given soil volume. This suggests that EM diversity facilitates N acquisition of lime roots at the expense of non-EM ash.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christa Lang
- Forstbotanik und Baumphysiologie, Büsgen-Institut, Büsgenweg 2, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
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Liu TW, Wu FH, Wang WH, Chen J, Li ZJ, Dong XJ, Patton J, Pei ZM, Zheng HL. Effects of calcium on seed germination, seedling growth and photosynthesis of six forest tree species under simulated acid rain. TREE PHYSIOLOGY 2011; 31:402-13. [PMID: 21470980 DOI: 10.1093/treephys/tpr019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
We selected six tree species, Pinus massoniana Lamb., Cryptomeria fortunei Hooibr. ex Otto et Dietr., Cunninghamia lanceolata (Lamb.) Hook., Liquidambar formosana Hance, Pinus armandii Franch. and Castanopsis chinensis Hance, which are widely distributed as dominant species in the forest of southern China where acid deposition is becoming more and more serious in recent years. We investigated the effects and potential interactions between simulated acid rain (SiAR) and three calcium (Ca) levels on seed germination, radicle length, seedling growth, chlorophyll content, photosynthesis and Ca content in leaves of these six species. We found that the six species showed different responses to SiAR and different Ca levels. Pinus armandii and C. chinensis were very tolerant to SiAR, whereas the others were more sensitive. The results of significant SiAR × Ca interactions on different physiological parameters of the six species demonstrate that additional Ca had a dramatic rescue effect on the seed germination and seedling growth for the sensitive species under SiAR. Altogether, we conclude that the negative effects of SiAR on seed germination, seedling growth and photosynthesis of the four sensitive species could be ameliorated by Ca addition. In contrast, the physiological processes of the two tolerant species were much less affected by both SiAR and Ca treatments. This conclusion implies that the degree of forest decline caused by long-term acid deposition may be attributed not only to the sensitivity of tree species to acid deposition, but also to the Ca level in the soil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting-Wu Liu
- Key Laboratory for Subtropical Wetland Ecosystem Research of Ministry of Education of China, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361005, PR China
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Thiry Y, Colle C, Yoschenko V, Levchuk S, Van Hees M, Hurtevent P, Kashparov V. Impact of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) plantings on long term (137)Cs and (90)Sr recycling from a waste burial site in the Chernobyl Red Forest. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RADIOACTIVITY 2009; 100:1062-1068. [PMID: 19525043 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvrad.2009.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2008] [Revised: 04/23/2009] [Accepted: 05/10/2009] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Plantings of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) on a waste burial site in the Chernobyl Red Forest was shown to greatly influence the long term redistribution of radioactivity contained in sub-surfaces trenches. After 15 years of growth, aboveground biomass of the average tree growing on waste trench no.22 had accumulated 1.7 times more (137)Cs than that of trees growing off the trench, and 5.4 times more (90)Sr. At the scale of the trench and according to an average tree density of 3300 trees/ha for the study zone, tree contamination would correspond to 0.024% of the (137)Cs and 2.52% of the (90)Sr contained in the buried waste material. A quantitative description of the radionuclide cycling showed a potential for trees to annually extract up to 0.82% of the (90)Sr pool in the trench and 0.0038% of the (137)Cs. A preferential (90)Sr uptake from the deep soil is envisioned while pine roots would take up (137)Cs mostly from less contaminated shallow soil layers. The current upward flux of (90)Sr through vegetation appeared at least equal to downward loss in waste material leaching as reported by Dewiere et al. (2004, Journal of Environmental Radioactivity 74, 139-150). Using a prospective calculation model, we estimated that maximum (90)Sr cycling can be expected to occur at 40 years post-planting, resulting in 12% of the current (90)Sr content in the trench transferred to surface soils through biomass turnover and 7% stored in tree biomass. These results are preliminary, although based on accurate methodology. A more integrated ecosystem study leading to the coupling between biological and geochemical models of radionuclide cycling within the Red Forest seems opportune. Such a study would help in the adequate management of that new forest and the waste trenches upon which they reside.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yves Thiry
- SCK-CEN, Belgian Nuclear Research Center, Foundation of Public Utility, Boeretang 200, 2400 Mol, Belgium.
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Li J, Richter DD, Mendoza A, Heine P. Four-decade responses of soil trace elements to an aggrading old-field forest: B, Mn, Zn, Cu, and Fe. Ecology 2009; 89:2911-23. [PMID: 18959328 DOI: 10.1890/07-1381.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
In the ancient and acidic Ultisol soils of the Southern Piedmont, USA, we studied changes in trace element biogeochemistry over four decades, a period during which formerly cultivated cotton fields were planted with pine seedlings that grew into mature forest stands. In 16 permanent plots, we estimated 40-year accumulations of trace elements in forest biomass and O horizons (between 1957 and 1997), and changes in bioavailable soil fractions indexed by extractions of 0.05 mol/L HCl and 0.2 mol/L acid ammonium oxalate (AAO). Element accumulations in 40-year tree biomass plus O horizons totaled 0.9, 2.9, 4.8, 49.6, and 501.3 kg/ha for Cu, B, Zn, Mn, and Fe, respectively. In response to this forest development, samples of the upper 0.6-m of mineral soil archived in 1962 and 1997 followed one of three patterns. (1) Extractable B and Mn were significantly depleted, by -4.1 and -57.7 kg/ha with AAO, depletions comparable to accumulations in biomass plus O horizons, 2.9 and 49.6 kg/ha, respectively. Tree uptake of B and Mn from mineral soil greatly outpaced resupplies from atmospheric deposition, mineral weathering, and deep-root uptake. (2) Extractable Zn and Cu changed little during forest growth, indicating that nutrient resupplies kept pace with accumulations by the aggrading forest. (3) Oxalate-extractable Fe increased substantially during forest growth, by 275.8 kg/ha, about 10-fold more than accumulations in tree biomass (28.7 kg/ha). The large increases in AAO-extractable Fe in surficial 0.35-m mineral soils were accompanied by substantial accretions of Fe in the forest's O horizon, by 473 kg/ha, amounts that dwarfed inputs via litterfall and canopy throughfall, indicating that forest Fe cycling is qualitatively different from that of other macro- and micronutrients. Bioturbation of surficial forest soil layers cannot account for these fractions and transformations of Fe, and we hypothesize that the secondary forest's large inputs of organic additions over four decades has fundamentally altered soil Fe oxides, potentially altering the bioavailability and retention of macro- and micronutrients, contaminants, and organic matter itself. The wide range of responses among the ecosystem's trace elements illustrates the great dynamics of the soil system over time scales of decades.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianwei Li
- Nicholas School of Environment and Earth Sciences, Box 90328, Duke University, Levine Science Research Center, Durham, North Carolina 27708, USA
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Dassonville N, Vanderhoeven S, Vanparys V, Hayez M, Gruber W, Meerts P. Impacts of alien invasive plants on soil nutrients are correlated with initial site conditions in NW Europe. Oecologia 2008; 157:131-40. [PMID: 18491146 DOI: 10.1007/s00442-008-1054-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2007] [Accepted: 04/18/2008] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Alien invasive plants are capable of modifying ecosystem function. However, it is difficult to make generalisations because impacts often appear to be species- and site-specific. In this study, we examined the impacts of seven highly invasive plant species in NW Europe (Fallopia japonica, Heracleum mantegazzianum, Impatiens glandulifera, Prunus serotina, Rosa rugosa, Senecio inaequidens, Solidago gigantea) on nutrient pools in the topsoil and the standing biomass. We tested if the impacts follow predictable patterns, across species and sites or, alternatively, if they are entirely idiosyncratic. To that end, we compared invaded and adjacent uninvaded plots in a total of 36 sites with widely divergent soil chemistry and vegetation composition. For all species, invaded plots had increased aboveground biomass and nutrient stocks in standing biomass compared to uninvaded vegetation. This suggests that enhanced nutrient uptake may be a key trait of highly invasive plant species. The magnitude and direction of the impact on topsoil chemical properties were strongly site-specific. A striking finding is that the direction of change in soil properties followed a predictable pattern. Thus, strong positive impacts (higher topsoil nutrient concentrations in invaded plots compared to uninvaded ones) were most often found in sites with initially low nutrient concentrations in the topsoil, while negative impacts were generally found under the opposite conditions. This pattern was significant for potassium, magnesium, phosphorus, manganese and nitrogen. The particular site-specific pattern in the impacts that we observed provides the first evidence that alien invasive species may contribute to a homogenisation of soil conditions in invaded landscapes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Dassonville
- Laboratoire de Génétique et Ecologie Végétales, Université Libre de Bruxelles, 1850, chaussée de Wavre, 1160 Bruxelles, Belgium.
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Park BB, Yanai RD, Fahey TJ, Bailey SW, Siccama TG, Shanley JB, Cleavitt NL. Fine Root Dynamics and Forest Production Across a Calcium Gradient in Northern Hardwood and Conifer Ecosystems. Ecosystems 2008. [DOI: 10.1007/s10021-008-9126-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Jenkins MA, Jose S, White PS. Impacts of an exotic disease and vegetation change on foliar calcium cycling in Appalachian forests. ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS : A PUBLICATION OF THE ECOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA 2007; 17:869-81. [PMID: 17494403 DOI: 10.1890/06-1027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Because of the high calcium content of its foliage, Cornus florida (flowering dogwood) has been described as a calcium "pump" that draws calcium from deeper mineral soil and enriches surface soil horizons. However, over the last two decades an exotic fungal disease (dogwood anthracnose, Discula destructiva) has decimated populations of this once-common understory species. Its loss, combined with forest stand development, could alter intra-stand calcium cycling. We used data from long-term vegetation monitoring plots to examine the ecological role of C. florida in calcium cycling and to identify changes in annual foliar calcium cycling over a 20-year period between two sampling intervals, 1977-1979 (preanthracnose) and 1995-2000 (post-anthracnose). Published equations were used to estimate foliar biomass per species for five forest types: alluvial, typic cove, acid cove, oak-hickory, and oak-pine. Calcium concentrations derived from foliage samples were used to estimate annual foliar calcium production per species for understory woody stems (<20 cm dbh) and total foliar calcium production for overstory stems (> or =20 cm dbh). At a given level of soil calcium availability, C. florida foliage contained greater concentrations of calcium than three other dominant understory species (Tsuga canadensis, Acer rubrum, and Rhododendron maximum). Between 1977-1979 and 1995-2000, the annual calcium contributions of understory woody vegetation declined across all forest types, ranging from 26% in oak-pine stands to 49% in acid coves. Loss of C. florida was responsible for only 13% of this decline in oak-pine stands, but accounted for 96% of the decline in typic coves. In oak-hickory and oak-pine stands, we observed large increases in the foliar biomass of T. canadensis, a species whose calcium-poor foliage increases soil acidity. Increases in overstory foliar biomass and calcium offset understory losses in three forest types (alluvial, typic coves, and oak-pine) but not in oak-hickory and acid cove stands. Overall, calcium cycling in oak-hickory stands was more negatively affected by the loss of C. florida than the other forest types. Oak-hickory forests comprise over a third of the total forest cover in the eastern United States, and decreases in annual calcium cycling could have cascading effects on forest biota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael A Jenkins
- National Park Service, Great Smoky Mountains National Park, Twin Creeks Natural Resources Center, 1314 Cherokee Orchard Road, Gatlinburg, Tennessee 37738, USA.
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Tree Patches Show Greater N Losses but Maintain Higher Soil N Availability than Grassland Patches in a Frequently Burned Oak Savanna. Ecosystems 2006. [DOI: 10.1007/s10021-006-0004-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Dickie IA, Schnitzer SA, Reich PB, Hobbie SE. Spatially disjunct effects of co-occurring competition and facilitation. Ecol Lett 2005; 8:1191-200. [PMID: 21352443 DOI: 10.1111/j.1461-0248.2005.00822.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Little is known of the co-occurrence and implications of competitive and facilitative interactions within sites. Here we show spatially disjunct competition and facilitation at forest edges, with beneficial influences of trees on seedling growth via increased ectomycorrhizal infection apparent from 12 to 20 m while closer to trees seedling growth is negatively correlated with canopy closure. As a result, seedling growth is maximized at intermediate distances. Facilitative interactions were nonlinear: being within 15.7 m of a tree maximized seedling mycorrhizal infection; while competitive effects were correlated with canopy closure, which was related to distance and generally scales with density. These patterns result in a positive correlation of tree density and seedling growth at low densities of trees, and negative correlation at higher densities because of competition. A spatial model suggests that plant communities are a mosaic of positive and negative interactions, which may contribute to population homeostasis and plant diversity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ian A Dickie
- Department of Forest Resources, University of Minnesota, Green Hall, St Paul, MN 55108, USA Present address: University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, PO Box 413, Milwaukee, WI 53201, USA Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Behavior, University of Minnesota, St Paul, MN 55108, USA
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Fraterrigo JM, Turner MG, Pearson SM, Dixon P. EFFECTS OF PAST LAND USE ON SPATIAL HETEROGENEITY OF SOIL NUTRIENTS IN SOUTHERN APPALACHIAN FORESTS. ECOL MONOGR 2005. [DOI: 10.1890/03-0475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 177] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Jobbágy EG, Jackson RB. THE UPLIFT OF SOIL NUTRIENTS BY PLANTS: BIOGEOCHEMICAL CONSEQUENCES ACROSS SCALES. Ecology 2004. [DOI: 10.1890/03-0245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 497] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Eviner VT, Chapin III FS. Functional Matrix: A Conceptual Framework for Predicting Multiple Plant Effects on Ecosystem Processes. ANNUAL REVIEW OF ECOLOGY EVOLUTION AND SYSTEMATICS 2003. [DOI: 10.1146/annurev.ecolsys.34.011802.132342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 336] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Valerie T. Eviner
- Institute of Ecosystem Studies, PO Box AB, Millbrook, New York 12545;
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