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Mu C, Gao M, Xu W, Sun X, Chen T, Xu H, Qiu H. Mechanisms of microRNA-132 in central neurodegenerative diseases: A comprehensive review. Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 170:116029. [PMID: 38128185 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.116029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Revised: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
MicroRNA-132 (miR-132) is a highly conserved molecule that plays a crucial regulatory role in central nervous system (CNS) disorders. The expression levels of miR-132 exhibit variability in various neurological disorders and have been closely linked to disease onset and progression. The expression level of miR-132 in the CNS is regulated by a diverse range of stimuli and signaling pathways, including neuronal migration and integration, dendritic outgrowth, and complexity, synaptogenesis, synaptic plasticity, as well as inflammation and apoptosis activation. The aberrant expression of miR-132 in various central neurodegenerative diseases has garnered widespread attention. Clinical studies have revealed altered miR-132 expression levels in both chronic and acute CNS diseases, positioning miR-132 as a potential biomarker or therapeutic target. An in-depth exploration of miR-132 holds the promise of enhancing our understanding of the mechanisms underlying CNS diseases, thereby offering novel insights and strategies for disease diagnosis and treatment. It is anticipated that this review will assist researchers in recognizing the potential value of miR-132 and in generating innovative ideas for clinical trials related to CNS degenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenxi Mu
- Basic Medical College, Jiamusi University, Jiamusi 154007, Heilongjiang, China; Key Laboratory of Microecology-Immune Regulatory Network and Related Diseases, Jiamusi 154007, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Meng Gao
- Basic Medical College, Jiamusi University, Jiamusi 154007, Heilongjiang, China; Key Laboratory of Microecology-Immune Regulatory Network and Related Diseases, Jiamusi 154007, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Weijing Xu
- Key Laboratory of Microecology-Immune Regulatory Network and Related Diseases, Jiamusi 154007, Heilongjiang, China; School of Public Health, Jiamusi University, Jiamusi 154007, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Xun Sun
- Basic Medical College, Jiamusi University, Jiamusi 154007, Heilongjiang, China; Key Laboratory of Microecology-Immune Regulatory Network and Related Diseases, Jiamusi 154007, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Tianhao Chen
- Basic Medical College, Jiamusi University, Jiamusi 154007, Heilongjiang, China; Key Laboratory of Microecology-Immune Regulatory Network and Related Diseases, Jiamusi 154007, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Hui Xu
- Key Laboratory of Microecology-Immune Regulatory Network and Related Diseases, Jiamusi 154007, Heilongjiang, China.
| | - Hongbin Qiu
- School of Public Health, Jiamusi University, Jiamusi 154007, Heilongjiang, China.
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2
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Islam M, Shen F, Regmi D, Du D. Therapeutic Strategies for Tauopathies and Drug Repurposing as a Potential Approach. Biochem Pharmacol 2022; 198:114979. [PMID: 35219701 PMCID: PMC9159505 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2022.114979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2021] [Revised: 02/03/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Tauopathies are neurodegenerative diseases characterized by the deposition of abnormal tau in the brain. To date, there are no disease-modifying therapies approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (US FDA) for the treatment of tauopathies. In the past decades, extensive efforts have been provided to develop disease-modifying therapies to treat tauopathies. Specifically, exploring existing drugs with the intent of repurposing for the treatment of tauopathies affords a reasonable alternative to discover potent drugs for treating these formidable diseases. Drug repurposing will not only reduce formulation and development stage effort and cost but will also take a key advantage of the established toxicological studies, which is one of the main causes of clinical trial failure of new molecules. In this review, we provide an overview of the current treatment strategies for tauopathies and the recent progress in drug repurposing as an alternative approach to treat tauopathies.
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Zhang M, Bian Z. Alzheimer's Disease and microRNA-132: A Widespread Pathological Factor and Potential Therapeutic Target. Front Neurosci 2021; 15:687973. [PMID: 34108863 PMCID: PMC8180577 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2021.687973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Accepted: 04/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a common neurodegenerative disease in the elderly and is the most common type of dementia. AD is mostly gradual onset, and involves slow, progressive mental decline, accompanied by personality changes; the incidence of AD gradually increases with age. The etiology of AD is unknown, although it is currently believed to be related to abnormal deposition of amyloid β-protein (Aβ) in the brain, hyperphosphorylation of microtubule-associated protein tau, and the release of various cytokines, complements, activators and chemokines by cells. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a class of highly conserved non-coding RNAs that regulate gene expression at the post-transcriptional level, and manipulate the functions of intracellular proteins and physiological processes. Emerging studies have shown that miRNA plays an important role in regulating AD-related genes. MiR-132 is known as "NeurimmiR" due to its involvement in numerous neurophysiological and pathological processes. Accumulating pre-clinical results suggest that miR-132 may be involved in the progression of Aβ and tau pathology. Moreover, clinical studies have indicated that decreased circulating miR-132 levels could be used a potential diagnostic biomarker in AD. Here, we review the pathogenic role of miR-132 activity in AD, and the potential of targeting miR-132 for developing future therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Zhang
- Department of Gerontology and Geriatrics, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Zhigang Bian
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
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Wan Nasri WN, Makpol S, Mazlan M, Tooyama I, Wan Ngah WZ, Damanhuri HA. Tocotrienol Rich Fraction Supplementation Modulate Brain Hippocampal Gene Expression in APPswe/PS1dE9 Alzheimer's Disease Mouse Model. J Alzheimers Dis 2020; 70:S239-S254. [PMID: 30507571 PMCID: PMC6700627 DOI: 10.3233/jad-180496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder characterized by loss of memory and other cognitive abilities. AD is associated with aggregation of amyloid-β (Aβ) deposited in the hippocampal brain region. Our previous work has shown that tocotrienol rich fraction (TRF) supplementation was able to attenuate the blood oxidative status, improve behavior, and reduce fibrillary-type Aβ deposition in the hippocampus of an AD mouse model. In the present study, we investigate the effect of 6 months of TRF supplementation on transcriptome profile in the hippocampus of APPswe/PS1dE9 double transgenic mice. TRF supplementation can alleviate AD conditions by modulating several important genes in AD. Moreover, TRF supplementation attenuated the affected biological process and pathways that were upregulated in the AD mouse model. Our findings indicate that TRF supplementation can modulate hippocampal gene expression as well as biological processes that can potentially delay the progression of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wan Nurzulaikha Wan Nasri
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Cheras, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Suzana Makpol
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Cheras, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Musalmah Mazlan
- Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Sungai Buloh, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Ikuo Tooyama
- Molecular Neuroscience Research Centre, Shiga University of Medical Sciences, Seta Tsukinowacho, Otsu, Shiga, Japan
| | - Wan Zurinah Wan Ngah
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Cheras, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Hanafi Ahmad Damanhuri
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Cheras, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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Alsiary RA, Alghrably M, Saoudi A, Al-Ghamdi S, Jaremko L, Jaremko M, Emwas AH. Using NMR spectroscopy to investigate the role played by copper in prion diseases. Neurol Sci 2020; 41:2389-2406. [PMID: 32328835 PMCID: PMC7419355 DOI: 10.1007/s10072-020-04321-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2019] [Accepted: 02/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Prion diseases are a group of rare neurodegenerative disorders that develop as a result of the conformational conversion of normal prion protein (PrPC) to the disease-associated isoform (PrPSc). The mechanism that actually causes disease remains unclear. However, the mechanism underlying the conformational transformation of prion protein is partially understood-in particular, there is strong evidence that copper ions play a significant functional role in prion proteins and in their conformational conversion. Various models of the interaction of copper ions with prion proteins have been proposed for the Cu (II)-binding, cell-surface glycoprotein known as prion protein (PrP). Changes in the concentration of copper ions in the brain have been associated with prion diseases and there is strong evidence that copper plays a significant functional role in the conformational conversion of PrP. Nevertheless, because copper ions have been shown to have both a positive and negative effect on prion disease onset, the role played by Cu (II) ions in these diseases remains a topic of debate. Because of the unique properties of paramagnetic Cu (II) ions in the magnetic field, their interactions with PrP can be tracked even at single atom resolution using nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. Various NMR approaches have been utilized to study the kinetic, thermodynamic, and structural properties of Cu (II)-PrP interactions. Here, we highlight the different models of copper interactions with PrP with particular focus on studies that use NMR spectroscopy to investigate the role played by copper ions in prion diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rawiah A. Alsiary
- King Abdullah International Medical Research Center (KAIMRC), Jeddah, Saudi Arabia/King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences (KSAU-HS), Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mawadda Alghrably
- Biological and Environmental Science and Engineering (BESE), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdelhamid Saoudi
- Oncology, Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. King Abdullah International Medical Research Center (KAIMRC), Jeddah, Saudi Arabia/King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences (KSAU-HS), Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Suliman Al-Ghamdi
- Oncology, Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. King Abdullah International Medical Research Center (KAIMRC), Jeddah, Saudi Arabia/King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences (KSAU-HS), Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Lukasz Jaremko
- Biological and Environmental Science and Engineering (BESE), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Mariusz Jaremko
- Biological and Environmental Science and Engineering (BESE), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdul-Hamid Emwas
- Imaging and Characterization Core Lab, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
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Sidiqi A, Wahl D, Lee S, Ma D, To E, Cui J, To E, Beg MF, Sarunic M, Matsubara JA. In vivo Retinal Fluorescence Imaging With Curcumin in an Alzheimer Mouse Model. Front Neurosci 2020; 14:713. [PMID: 32719582 PMCID: PMC7350785 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2020.00713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2020] [Accepted: 06/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is characterized by amyloid beta (Aβ) plaques in the brain detectable by highly invasive in vivo brain imaging or in post-mortem tissues. A non-invasive and inexpensive screening method is needed for early diagnosis of asymptomatic AD patients. The shared developmental origin and similarities with the brain make the retina a suitable surrogate tissue to assess Aβ load in AD. Using curcumin, a FluoroProbe that binds to Aβ, we labeled and measured the retinal fluorescence in vivo and compared with the immunohistochemical measurements of the brain and retinal Aβ load in the APP/PS1 mouse model. In vivo retinal images were acquired every 2 months using custom fluorescence scanning laser ophthalmoscopy (fSLO) after tail vein injections of curcumin in individual mice followed longitudinally from ages 5 to 19 months. At the same time points, 1–2 mice from the same cohort were sacrificed and immunohistochemistry was performed on their brain and retinal tissues. Results demonstrated cortical and retinal Aβ immunoreactivity were significantly greater in Tg than WT groups. Age-related increase in retinal Aβ immunoreactivity was greater in Tg than WT groups. Retinal Aβ immunoreactivity was present in the inner retinal layers and consisted of small speck-like extracellular deposits and intracellular labeling in the cytoplasm of a subset of retinal ganglion cells. In vivo retinal fluorescence with curcumin injection was significantly greater in older mice (11–19 months) than younger mice (5–9 months) in both Tg and WT groups. In vivo retinal fluorescence with curcumin injection was significantly greater in Tg than WT in older mice (ages 11–19 months). Finally, and most importantly, the correlation between in vivo retinal fluorescence with curcumin injection and Aβ immunoreactivity in the cortex was stronger in Tg compared to WT groups. Our data reveal that retina and brain of APP/PS1 Tg mice increasingly express Aβ with age. In vivo retinal fluorescence with curcumin correlated strongly with cortical Aβ immunohistochemistry in Tg mice. These findings suggest that using in vivo fSLO imaging of AD-susceptible retina may be a useful, non-invasive method of detecting Aβ in the retina as a surrogate indicator of Aβ load in the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad Sidiqi
- Department of Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Daniel Wahl
- School of Engineering Science, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, Canada
| | - Sieun Lee
- Department of Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,School of Engineering Science, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, Canada
| | - Da Ma
- School of Engineering Science, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, Canada
| | - Elliott To
- Department of Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Jing Cui
- Department of Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Eleanor To
- Department of Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Mirza Faisal Beg
- School of Engineering Science, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, Canada
| | - Marinko Sarunic
- School of Engineering Science, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, Canada
| | - Joanne A Matsubara
- Department of Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
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Jacini F, Sorrentino P, Lardone A, Rucco R, Baselice F, Cavaliere C, Aiello M, Orsini M, Iavarone A, Manzo V, Carotenuto A, Granata C, Hillebrand A, Sorrentino G. Amnestic Mild Cognitive Impairment Is Associated With Frequency-Specific Brain Network Alterations in Temporal Poles. Front Aging Neurosci 2018; 10:400. [PMID: 30574086 PMCID: PMC6291511 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2018.00400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2018] [Accepted: 11/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
There is general agreement that the neuropathological processes leading to Alzheimer’s disease (AD) begin decades before the clinical onset. In order to detect early topological changes, we applied functional connectivity and network analysis to magnetoencephalographic (MEG) data obtained from 16 patients with amnestic Mild Cognitive Impairment (aMCI), a prodromal stage of AD, and 16 matched healthy control (HCs). Significant differences between the two groups were found in the theta band, which is associated with memory processes, in both temporal poles (TPs). In aMCI, the degree and betweenness centrality (BC) were lower in the left superior TP, whereas in the right middle TP the BC was higher. A statistically significant negative linear correlation was found between the BC of the left superior TP and a delayed recall score, a sensitive marker of the “hippocampal memory” deficit in early AD. Our results suggest that the TPs, which are involved early in AD pathology and belong to the memory circuitry, have an altered role in the functional network in aMCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Jacini
- Department of Motor Sciences and Wellness, Parthenope University of Naples, Naples, Italy.,Institute for Diagnosis and Cure Hermitage Capodimonte, Naples, Italy
| | - Pierpaolo Sorrentino
- Department of Engineering, Parthenope University of Naples, Naples, Italy.,Department of Clinical Neurophysiology and MEG Center, VU University Medical Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Anna Lardone
- Department of Motor Sciences and Wellness, Parthenope University of Naples, Naples, Italy.,Institute for Diagnosis and Cure Hermitage Capodimonte, Naples, Italy
| | - Rosaria Rucco
- Department of Motor Sciences and Wellness, Parthenope University of Naples, Naples, Italy.,Institute for Diagnosis and Cure Hermitage Capodimonte, Naples, Italy
| | - Fabio Baselice
- Department of Engineering, Parthenope University of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - Carlo Cavaliere
- Diagnostic and Nuclear Research Institute, IRCCS SDN, Naples, Italy
| | - Marco Aiello
- Diagnostic and Nuclear Research Institute, IRCCS SDN, Naples, Italy
| | - Mario Orsini
- Diagnostic and Nuclear Research Institute, IRCCS SDN, Naples, Italy
| | - Alessandro Iavarone
- Neurological and Stroke Unit, CTO Hospital-AORN Ospedale dei Colli, Naples, Italy
| | | | | | - Carmine Granata
- Institute of Applied Sciences and Intelligent Systems, CNR, Pozzuoli, Italy
| | - Arjan Hillebrand
- Department of Clinical Neurophysiology and MEG Center, VU University Medical Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Giuseppe Sorrentino
- Department of Motor Sciences and Wellness, Parthenope University of Naples, Naples, Italy.,Institute for Diagnosis and Cure Hermitage Capodimonte, Naples, Italy
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8
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Rucco R, Agosti V, Jacini F, Sorrentino P, Varriale P, De Stefano M, Milan G, Montella P, Sorrentino G. Spatio-temporal and kinematic gait analysis in patients with Frontotemporal dementia and Alzheimer's disease through 3D motion capture. Gait Posture 2017; 52:312-317. [PMID: 28038340 DOI: 10.1016/j.gaitpost.2016.12.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2016] [Revised: 11/17/2016] [Accepted: 12/18/2016] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) and behavioral variant of Frontotemporal Dementia (bvFTD) are characterized respectively by atrophy in the medial temporal lobe with memory loss and prefrontal and anterior temporal degeneration with dysexecutive syndrome. In this study, we hypothesized that specific gait patterns are induced by either frontal or temporal degeneration. To test this hypothesis, we studied the gait pattern in bvFTD (23) and AD (22) patients in single and dual task ("motor" and "cognitive") conditions. To detect subtle alterations, we performed motion analysis estimating both spatio-temporal parameters and joint excursions. In the single task condition, the bvFTD group was more unstable and slower compared to healthy subjects, while only two stability parameters were compromised in the AD group. During the motor dual task, both velocity and stability parameters worsened further in the bvFTD group. In the same experimental conditions, AD patients showed a significantly lower speed and stride length than healthy subjects. During the cognitive dual task, a further impairment of velocity and stability parameters was observed in the bvFTD group. Interestingly, during the cognitive dual task, the gait performance of the AD group markedly deteriorated, as documented by the impairment of more indices of velocity and stability. Finally, the kinematic data of thigh, knee, and ankle were more helpful in revealing gait impairment than the spatio-temporal parameters alone. In conclusion, our data showed that the dysexecutive syndrome induces specific gait alterations. Furthermore, our results suggest that the gait worsens in the AD patients when the cognitive resources are stressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosaria Rucco
- Department of Motor Science and Wellness, University of Naples Parthenope, Via Medina 40, Naples, Italy
| | - Valeria Agosti
- Department of Motor Science and Wellness, University of Naples Parthenope, Via Medina 40, Naples, Italy
| | - Francesca Jacini
- Department of Motor Science and Wellness, University of Naples Parthenope, Via Medina 40, Naples, Italy
| | - Pierpaolo Sorrentino
- Department of Engineering, University of Naples Parthenope, Centro Direzionale Isola C4, Naples, Italy
| | - Pasquale Varriale
- Department of Motor Science and Wellness, University of Naples Parthenope, Via Medina 40, Naples, Italy
| | - Manuela De Stefano
- Department of Neurology, Second University of Naples, Via Costantinopoli 104, Naples, Italy
| | - Graziella Milan
- Geriatric Unit Frullone ASL NA1, Via Comunale del Principe, 16/A, Naples, Italy
| | - Patrizia Montella
- Department of Neurology, Second University of Naples, Via Costantinopoli 104, Naples, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Sorrentino
- Department of Motor Science and Wellness, University of Naples Parthenope, Via Medina 40, Naples, Italy; Institute for Diagnosis and Cure Hermitage Capodimonte, Via Cupa delle Tozzole 2, Naples, Italy.
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Wang X, Wang L, Xu Y, Yu Q, Li L, Guo Y. Intranasal administration of Exendin-4 antagonizes Aβ31-35-induced disruption of circadian rhythm and impairment of learning and memory. Aging Clin Exp Res 2016; 28:1259-1266. [PMID: 26920423 DOI: 10.1007/s40520-016-0548-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2015] [Accepted: 02/09/2016] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The deposition of β-amyloid protein (Aβ) is one of the pathological characteristics of Alzheimer's disease (AD) and can disrupt circadian rhythm and impair learning and memory. Exendin-4, a therapeutic drug for type II diabetes mellitus (T2DM), exerts neuroprotective effects from the toxicity of Aβ. However, it is not clear whether Exendin-4 protects against Aβ-induced disruption of circadian rhythm. The neuroprotective effects of Exendin-4 have been studied using injection of Exendin-4 into the lateral ventricle and abdomen. However, these procedures are not suitable for clinical application. METHODS First, male C57BL/6 mice received triple distilled water or Exendin-4 (0.1 nmol, 0.5 nmol) by intranasal administration. Exendin-4 levels were measured in the hippocampal samples using an ELISA Kit. Then, the study examined whether intranasal or hippocampal administration of Exendin-4 antagonized Aβ-induced disruption of circadian rhythm as well as impairment of learning and memory using the wheel-running activity assay and the Morris water maze test. RESULTS The study showed that intranasally administered Exendin-4 passed through the blood-brain barrier. Aβ31-35 given by intrahippocampal injection disrupted circadian rhythm and impaired learning and memory in C57BL/6 mice, and Exendin-4 given by nasal cavity or hippocampal administration ameliorated Aβ31-35-induced circadian rhythm disturbance of locomotor activity and impairment of learning and memory. CONCLUSIONS These findings provide pivotal experimental support for further study of the neuroprotective effects and clinical application of Exendin-4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohui Wang
- Department of Pathology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030001, China.
| | - Li Wang
- Department of Pathology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030001, China
| | - Yunyun Xu
- Department of Pathology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030001, China
| | - Qianqian Yu
- Department of Pathology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030001, China
| | - Lin Li
- Key Laboratory of Cellular Physiology, Ministry of Education, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030001, China
| | - Yanlin Guo
- Department of Pathology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030001, China
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10
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Wang X, Wang L, Jiang R, Xu Y, Zhao X, Li Y. Exendin-4 antagonizes Aβ1-42-induced attenuation of spatial learning and memory ability. Exp Ther Med 2016; 12:2885-2892. [PMID: 27882091 PMCID: PMC5103720 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2016.3742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2015] [Accepted: 09/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
β-amyloid protein (Aβ) accumulation in cerebral centers involved in cognition and memory is a pivotal pathological feature of Alzheimer's disease (AD). The onset process of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) has a number of similarities compared with AD. Thus, it is hypothesized that the pharmacological therapy employed for the treatment of T2DM may help to prevent and ameliorate the symptoms of AD. This study demonstrated that Exendin-4, which is a glucagon-like peptide-1 analogue which is used as a therapeutic drug for T2DM, markedly antagonized Aβ fragment-induced attenuation of spatial learning and memory ability, as indicated by a Morris water maze experiment. In addition, we investigated the potential underlying electrophysiological and molecular mechanisms. The results indicate that Exendin-4 rescued long-term potentiation from Aβ1-42-induced damage in the rat hippocampal CA1 region in vivo, and antagonized Aβ1-42-induced reduction of cyclic adenosine monophosphate and phosphorylated-cAMP response element-binding protein in rat hippocampal tissue using ELISA and western blot analysis, respectively. Thus, the results of the present study provide theoretical support for the application of Exendin-4 for improving AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohui Wang
- Department of Pathology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030001, P.R. China
| | - Li Wang
- Department of Pathology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030001, P.R. China
| | - Ruirui Jiang
- Department of Pathology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030001, P.R. China
| | - Yunyun Xu
- Department of Pathology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030001, P.R. China
| | - Xueling Zhao
- Department of Pathology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030001, P.R. China
| | - Yang Li
- Department of Physiology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030001, P.R. China
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11
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Masuzzo A, Dinet V, Cavanagh C, Mascarelli F, Krantic S. Amyloidosis in Retinal Neurodegenerative Diseases. Front Neurol 2016; 7:127. [PMID: 27551275 PMCID: PMC4976396 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2016.00127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2016] [Accepted: 07/27/2016] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
As a part of the central nervous system, the retina may reflect both physiological processes and abnormalities related to pathologies that affect the brain. Amyloidosis due to the accumulation of amyloid-beta (Aβ) was initially regarded as a specific and exclusive characteristic of neurodegenerative alterations seen in the brain of Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients. More recently, it was discovered that amyloidosis-related alterations, similar to those seen in the brain of Alzheimer's patients, also occur in the retina. Remarkably, these alterations were identified not only in primary retinal pathologies, such as age-related macular degeneration (AMD) and glaucoma, but also in the retinas of Alzheimer's patients. In this review, we first briefly discuss the biogenesis of Aβ, a peptide involved in amyloidosis. We then discuss some pathological aspects (synaptic dysfunction, mitochondrial failure, glial activation, and vascular abnormalities) related to the neurotoxic effects of Aβ. We finally highlight common features shared by AD, AMD, and glaucoma in the context of Aβ amyloidosis and further discuss why the retina, due to the transparency of the eye, can be considered as a "window" to the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ambra Masuzzo
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Institut national de la santé et de la recherche médicale (INSERM), Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, UMR_S 1138, Université Pierre et Marie Curie Université Paris 06, Sorbonne Universités , Paris , France
| | - Virginie Dinet
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Institut national de la santé et de la recherche médicale (INSERM), Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, UMR_S 1138, Université Pierre et Marie Curie Université Paris 06, Sorbonne Universités , Paris , France
| | - Chelsea Cavanagh
- Department of Neuroscience, Douglas Hospital Research Center , Montreal, QC , Canada
| | - Frederic Mascarelli
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Institut national de la santé et de la recherche médicale (INSERM), Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, UMR_S 1138, Université Pierre et Marie Curie Université Paris 06, Sorbonne Universités , Paris , France
| | - Slavica Krantic
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Institut national de la santé et de la recherche médicale (INSERM), Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, UMR_S 1138, Université Pierre et Marie Curie Université Paris 06, Sorbonne Universités , Paris , France
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12
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Alterations in the expression of Per1 and Per2 induced by Aβ31-35 in the suprachiasmatic nucleus, hippocampus, and heart of C57BL/6 mouse. Brain Res 2016; 1642:51-58. [PMID: 27021954 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2016.03.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2015] [Revised: 03/14/2016] [Accepted: 03/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD) have circadian rhythm disorders, which are mimicked in 3xTg-AD and 5xFAD mouse models. The deposition of β-amyloid protein (Aβ) is an important pathological characteristic of AD, however, its role in inducing alterations in biological rhythms and in the expression of circadian clock-related genes remains elusive. The Per1 and Per2 play complex regulatory roles in biological clocks and are diffusely expressed in the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN), hippocampus and heart. In the present study, wheel-running behavioral experiments showed that Aβ31-35, which was administered into the hippocampus, resulted in the disruption of the circadian rhythm of C57BL/6 mice. Furthermore, real-time PCR and western blot analysis showed that Aβ31-35 altered the expression of the Per1 and Per2 in the SCN, hippocampus and heart. These findings provide experimental evidence for circadian rhythm disturbances in patients with AD.
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13
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Dehabadi MH, Davis BM, Wong TK, Cordeiro MF. Retinal manifestations of Alzheimer's disease. Neurodegener Dis Manag 2015; 4:241-52. [PMID: 25095818 DOI: 10.2217/nmt.14.19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is neurodegenerative condition and most common cause of dementia worldwide. Current criteria for its diagnosis and monitoring rely on subjective, expensive or invasive methods that lack sufficient sensitivity, such that a concrete diagnosis of AD can only be made postmortem. Given the structural similarities of the neuro-retina and central nervous system, researchers have shown many manifestations of AD to be detectible in the retinae of humans and transgenic models of AD. Due to the eye's unique optical properties allowing noninvasive in vivo imaging, the retina could provide a window for the early diagnosis and monitoring of AD long before symptom manifestation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad H Dehabadi
- Glaucoma & Retinal Neurodegeneration Research Group, Visual Neuroscience, UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, London, UK
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14
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Vargas JY, Ahumada J, Arrázola MS, Fuenzalida M, Inestrosa NC. WASP-1, a canonical Wnt signaling potentiator, rescues hippocampal synaptic impairments induced by Aβ oligomers. Exp Neurol 2015; 264:14-25. [DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2014.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2014] [Revised: 11/04/2014] [Accepted: 11/10/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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15
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A new mechanism links preamyloid oligomer formation in the myocyte stress response associated with atrial fibrillation. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2014; 80:110-3. [PMID: 25541246 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2014.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2014] [Accepted: 12/05/2014] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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16
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Asih PR, Chatterjee P, Verdile G, Gupta VB, Trengove RD, Martins RN. Clearing the amyloid in Alzheimer's: progress towards earlier diagnosis and effective treatments – an update for clinicians. Neurodegener Dis Manag 2014; 4:363-78. [DOI: 10.2217/nmt.14.29] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
SUMMARY A beta (Aβ or β-amyloid) is a key molecule in Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathogenesis. According to the ‘amyloid hypothesis’, the gradual accumulation of Aβ triggers events which results in neuronal loss in regions of the brain involved with memory and learning. Diverse agents have been developed to reduce brain Aβ accumulation or to enhance its clearance. Some have progressed to human trials, however all have failed to improve cognition in patients. This has led researchers to question whether Aβ is really the problem. However, the trials have been targeting end stages of AD, by which stage extensive irreversible neuronal damage has already occurred. Intervention is required preclinically, therefore preclinical AD biomarkers are needed. In this regard, amyloid imaging and cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers are leading the way, with plasma biomarkers and eye tests also being investigated. This review covers the current state of knowledge of Aβ as an early diagnostic biomarker and as a therapeutic target in AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prita R Asih
- Centre of Excellence for Alzheimer's Disease Research & Care, School of Medical Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, WA 6027, Australia
- Separation Science & Metabolomics Laboratory, Murdoch University, Murdoch, WA 6150, Australia
| | - Pratishtha Chatterjee
- Centre of Excellence for Alzheimer's Disease Research & Care, School of Medical Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, WA 6027, Australia
- School of Psychiatry & Clinical Neurosciences, University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia
- The Cooperative Research Centre for Mental Health, Australia
| | - Giuseppe Verdile
- Centre of Excellence for Alzheimer's Disease Research & Care, School of Medical Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, WA 6027, Australia
- School of Psychiatry & Clinical Neurosciences, University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Curtin University, Bentley, WA 6102, Australia
| | - Veer B Gupta
- Centre of Excellence for Alzheimer's Disease Research & Care, School of Medical Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, WA 6027, Australia
- The Cooperative Research Centre for Mental Health, Australia
| | - Robert D Trengove
- Separation Science & Metabolomics Laboratory, Murdoch University, Murdoch, WA 6150, Australia
| | - Ralph N Martins
- Centre of Excellence for Alzheimer's Disease Research & Care, School of Medical Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, WA 6027, Australia
- School of Psychiatry & Clinical Neurosciences, University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia
- The Cooperative Research Centre for Mental Health, Australia
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17
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Kim B, Backus C, Oh S, Feldman EL. Hyperglycemia-induced tau cleavage in vitro and in vivo: a possible link between diabetes and Alzheimer's disease. J Alzheimers Dis 2013; 34:727-39. [PMID: 23254634 DOI: 10.3233/jad-121669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Multiple lines of evidence link the incidence of diabetes to the development of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Patients with diabetes have a 50 to 75% increased risk of developing AD. In parallel, AD patients have a higher than normal tendency to develop type 2 diabetes or impaired fasting glucose. Tau is the major component of neurofibrillary tangles, one of the hallmarks of AD pathology. The current study examined the effect of hyperglycemia on tau modification. Glucose treatment of rat embryonic cortical neurons results in concentration-dependent apoptosis and caspase-3 activation. These changes are well correlated with glucose time- and concentration-dependent tau cleavage. Aβ treatment induces tau cleavage and when added together with glucose, there is an additive effect on caspase activation, apoptosis, and tau cleavage. Tau cleavage is partially blocked by the caspase inhibitor, ZVAD. Cleaved tau displays a punctate staining along the neurites and colocalizes with cleaved caspase-3 in the cytoplasm. Both type 1 and type 2 diabetic mice display increased tau phosphorylation in the brain. In agreement with the effects of glucose on tau modifications in vitro, there is increased tau cleavage in the brains of ob/ob mice; however, tau cleavage is not observed in type 1 diabetic mouse brains. Our study demonstrates that hyperglycemia is one of major factors that induce tau modification in both in vitro and in vivo models of diabetes. We speculate that tau cleavage in diabetic conditions (especially in type 2 diabetes) may be a key link for the increased incidence of AD in diabetic patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhumsoo Kim
- Department of Neurology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-2200, USA.
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18
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Edgünlü TG, Ozge A, Yalın OÖ, Kul S, Erdal ME. A Study of the Impact of Death Receptor 4 (DR4) Gene Polymorphisms in Alzheimer's Disease. Balkan Med J 2013; 30:268-72. [PMID: 25207117 DOI: 10.5152/balkanmedj.2013.7455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2012] [Accepted: 04/07/2013] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Excessive apoptosis is believed to play a role in many degenerative and non-degenerative neurological diseases including Alzheimer's disease (AD). Much recent data suggest that apoptotic mechanisms may represent the missing link between Aβ deposition and proteolysis of tau protein. However, there is emerging evidence that apoptotic mechanisms may play a role in Alzheimer's Disease pathogenesis in the absence of overt apoptosis. TNF-related apoptosis inducing ligand receptor 1 (Death Receptor 4, DR4) might impair the apoptotic signal transduction and lead to dysregulation of the homeostasis between cell survival and cell death. AIMS The aim of our study was to further investigate the relationship between genetic variants of DR4 and Alzheimer's Disease. STUDY DESIGN Case control study. METHODS Sixty-eight patients with AD were included in the study. The control group comprised 72 subjects without signs of neurodegenerative diseases, as evidenced by the examination.DNA was extracted from whole blood using the salting-out procedure. Genotypes were identified by restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis of polymerase chain reaction (PCR-RFLP) products. RESULTS We observed significant differences in the genotypic distribution of the rs6557634 polymorphism in AD patients compared with controls (p<0.05); our data suggest that the GA genotype in rs6557634 could be protective against AD (p<0.05). However, there were no significant differences between AD patients and control groups in terms of the DR4 rs20575 polymorphism (p>0.05) and the DR4 rs20576 polymorphism (p>0.05). According to haplotype analysis of the DR4 gene for rs6557634, rs20575 and rs20576 polymorphisms, GCA and GCC haplotypes might be a risk factor for AD. Also, we have shown that ACA, GGC and GGA haplotypes might be protective factors against AD. CONCLUSION The present results indicate for the first time the possible contribution of the DR4 gene rs6557634, rs20575, rs20576 polymorphisms in Alzheimer's Disease, which may influence susceptibility to Alzheimer's Disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Aynur Ozge
- Department of Neurology, Mersin University School of Medicine, Mersin, Turkey
| | - Osman Özgür Yalın
- Department of Neurology, Mersin University School of Medicine, Mersin, Turkey
| | - Seval Kul
- Department of Biostatistics, Gaziantep University School of Medicine, Gaziantep, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Emin Erdal
- Department of Medical Biology and Genetics, Mersin University School of Medicine, Mersin, Turkey
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19
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Free and nanoencapsulated curcumin suppress β-amyloid-induced cognitive impairments in rats: involvement of BDNF and Akt/GSK-3β signaling pathway. Neurobiol Learn Mem 2013; 106:134-44. [PMID: 23954730 DOI: 10.1016/j.nlm.2013.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2013] [Revised: 07/12/2013] [Accepted: 08/06/2013] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD), a neurodegenerative disorder exhibiting progressive loss of memory and cognitive functions, is characterized by the presence of neuritic plaques composed of neurofibrillary tangles and β-amyloid (Aβ) peptide. Drug delivery to the brain still remains highly challenging for the treatment of AD. Several studies have been shown that curcumin is associated with anti-amyloidogenic properties, but therapeutic application of its beneficial effects is limited. Here we investigated possible mechanisms involved in curcumin protection against Aβ(1-42)-induced cognitive impairment and, due to its poor bioavailability, we developed curcumin-loaded lipid-core nanocapsules in an attempt to improve the neuroprotective effect of this polyphenol. Animals received a single intracerebroventricular injection of Aβ(1-42) and they were administered either free curcumin or curcumin-loaded lipid-core nanocapsules (Cur-LNC) intraperitoneally for 10days. Aβ(1-42)-infused animals showed a significant impairment on learning-memory ability, which was paralleled by a significant decrease in hippocampal synaptophysin levels. Furthermore, animals exhibited activated astrocytes and microglial cells, as well as disturbance in BDNF expression and Akt/GSK-3β signaling pathway, beyond tau hyperphosphorylation. Our findings demonstrate that administration of curcumin was effective in preventing behavioral impairments, neuroinflammation, tau hyperphosphorylation as well as cell signaling disturbances triggered by Aβ in vivo. Of high interest, Cur-LNC in a dose 20-fold lower presented similar neuroprotective results compared to the effective dose of free curcumin. Considered overall, the data suggest that curcumin is a potential therapeutic agent for neurocognition and nanoencapsulation of curcumin in LNC might constitute a promising therapeutic alternative in the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases such as AD.
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20
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Dai M, Freeman B, Shikani HJ, Bruno FP, Collado JE, Macias R, Reznik SE, Davies P, Spray DC, Tanowitz HB, Weiss LM, Desruisseaux MS. Altered regulation of Akt signaling with murine cerebral malaria, effects on long-term neuro-cognitive function, restoration with lithium treatment. PLoS One 2012; 7:e44117. [PMID: 23082110 PMCID: PMC3474787 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0044117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2011] [Accepted: 07/31/2012] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Neurological and cognitive impairment persist in more than 20% of cerebral malaria (CM) patients long after successful anti-parasitic treatment. We recently reported that long term memory and motor coordination deficits are also present in our experimental cerebral malaria model (ECM). We also documented, in a murine model, a lack of obvious pathology or inflammation after parasite elimination, suggesting that the long-term negative neurological outcomes result from potentially reversible biochemical and physiological changes in brains of ECM mice, subsequent to acute ischemic and inflammatory processes. Here, we demonstrate for the first time that acute ECM results in significantly reduced activation of protein kinase B (PKB or Akt) leading to decreased Akt phosphorylation and inhibition of the glycogen kinase synthase (GSK3β) in the brains of mice infected with Plasmodium berghei ANKA (PbA) compared to uninfected controls and to mice infected with the non-neurotrophic P. berghei NK65 (PbN). Though Akt activation improved to control levels after chloroquine treatment in PbA-infected mice, the addition of lithium chloride, a compound which inhibits GSK3β activity and stimulates Akt activation, induced a modest, but significant activation of Akt in the brains of infected mice when compared to uninfected controls treated with chloroquine with and without lithium. In addition, lithium significantly reversed the long-term spatial and visual memory impairment as well as the motor coordination deficits which persisted after successful anti-parasitic treatment. GSK3β inhibition was significantly increased after chloroquine treatment, both in lithium and non-lithium treated PbA-infected mice. These data indicate that acute ECM is associated with abnormalities in cell survival pathways that result in neuronal damage. Regulation of Akt/GSK3β with lithium reduces neuronal degeneration and may have neuroprotective effects in ECM. Aberrant regulation of Akt/GSK3β signaling likely underlies long-term neurological sequelae observed in ECM and may yield adjunctive therapeutic targets for the management of CM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minxian Dai
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Allied Health Professions, St John's University, Queens, New York, United States of America
- Department of Pathology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, United States of America
| | - Brandi Freeman
- Department of Pathology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, United States of America
| | - Henry J. Shikani
- Department of Pathology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, United States of America
| | - Fernando Pereira Bruno
- Department of Pathology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, United States of America
| | - J. Elias Collado
- Pontificia Universidad Catolica Madrey Maestra, Santiago, Dominican Republic
| | - Rolando Macias
- Meharry Medical College, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Sandra E. Reznik
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Allied Health Professions, St John's University, Queens, New York, United States of America
| | - Peter Davies
- Department of Pathology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, United States of America
- The Dominick P. Purpura Department of Neuroscience, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, United States of America
- Litwin-Zucker Center for the Study of Alzheimer's Disease and Memory Disorders, Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Manhasset, New York, United States of America
| | - David Conover Spray
- The Dominick P. Purpura Department of Neuroscience, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, United States of America
- Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, United States of America
| | - Herbert Bernard Tanowitz
- Department of Pathology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, United States of America
- Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, United States of America
| | - Louis Martin Weiss
- Department of Pathology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, United States of America
- Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, United States of America
| | - Mahalia Sabrina Desruisseaux
- Department of Pathology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, United States of America
- Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, United States of America
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21
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Parnell M, Guo L, Abdi M, Cordeiro MF. Ocular manifestations of Alzheimer's disease in animal models. Int J Alzheimers Dis 2012; 2012:786494. [PMID: 22666623 PMCID: PMC3362039 DOI: 10.1155/2012/786494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2012] [Accepted: 03/11/2012] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common form of dementia, and the pathological changes of senile plaques (SPs) and neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs) in AD brains are well described. Clinically, a diagnosis remains a postmortem one, hampering both accurate and early diagnosis as well as research into potential new treatments. Visual deficits have long been noted in AD patients, and it is becoming increasingly apparent that histopathological changes already noted in the brain also occur in an extension of the brain; the retina. Due to the optically transparent nature of the eye, it is possible to image the retina at a cellular level noninvasively and thus potentially allow an earlier diagnosis as well as a way of monitoring progression and treatment effects. Transgenic animal models expressing amyloid precursor protein (APP) presenilin (PS) and tau mutations have been used successfully to recapitulate the pathological findings of AD in the brain. This paper will cover the ocular abnormalities that have been detected in these transgenic AD animal models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miles Parnell
- Glaucoma & Retinal Neurodegeneration Research Group, Visual Neuroscience, UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, London EC1V 9EL, UK
- Sutton Eye Unit, Epsom and St. Helier NHS Trust, Cotswold Road, Sutton, Surry, London, UK
| | - Li Guo
- Glaucoma & Retinal Neurodegeneration Research Group, Visual Neuroscience, UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, London EC1V 9EL, UK
| | - Mohamed Abdi
- St. Georges Healthcare NHS Trust, Blackshaw Road, Tooting, London, UK
| | - M. Francesca Cordeiro
- Glaucoma & Retinal Neurodegeneration Research Group, Visual Neuroscience, UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, London EC1V 9EL, UK
- Western Eye Hospital, Imperial College Healthcare Trust, London, UK
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22
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Jeynes B, Provias J. The case for blood-brain barrier dysfunction in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease. J Neurosci Res 2011; 89:22-8. [PMID: 21046564 DOI: 10.1002/jnr.22527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disease that leads to a progressive loss of integrative and memory capacities of the brain. This is the predominant form of neurodegenerative dementia, with a growing prevalence of between 1 in 50 and 1 in 100 in North America. Numerous hypotheses related to the etiology of AD have developed over the years. However, among the various published hypotheses, the predominant one is related to the progressive and prominent accumulation of central nervous system β-amyloid peptide and the ensuing brain burden created. It is, therefore, important to consider the homeostatic mechanisms underlying β-amyloid transport dynamics between the brain and blood vascular compartments. As well, there is a dynamic interrelationship between soluble and insoluble forms of the peptide. Factors that underlie and regulate these dynamic processes are likely relevant to the end accumulation of β-amyloid peptide in the brain compartment and ultimately in insoluble forms, which is characteristic of, and significant for, the pathophysiology of the Alzheimer's brain. Significantly, and in particular relation to the amyloid burden theory mentioned above, it has been postulated that a dysfunctioning blood-brain barrier (BBB) may play a significant, if not critical, role in the pathogenesis of AD. By allowing the influx of injurious materials or agents into the brain or by impeding or blocking the efflux of those materials and/or agents, BBB-related neuronopathies and their associated sequelae could, and do, ensue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian Jeynes
- Faculty of Applied Health Sciences, Brock University, St. Catharine's, Ontario, Canada.
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23
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Pasinetti GM, Wang J, Porter S, Ho L. Caloric intake, dietary lifestyles, macronutrient composition, and alzheimer' disease dementia. Int J Alzheimers Dis 2011; 2011:806293. [PMID: 21808725 PMCID: PMC3144673 DOI: 10.4061/2011/806293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2010] [Accepted: 05/12/2011] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease is a devastating neurodegenerative condition currently affecting over 5 million elderly individuals in the United States. There is much evidence suggesting that certain dietary lifestyles can help to prevent and possibly treat Alzheimer's disease. In this paper, we discuss how certain cardiovascular and diabetic conditions can induce an increased susceptibility for Alzheimer's disease and the mechanisms through which this occurs. We further discuss how the consumption of certain foods or food components can help to reduce one's risk for Alzheimer's disease and may possibly be developed as a therapeutic agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulio Maria Pasinetti
- Department of Neurology, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY 10029, USA
- Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center, James J. Peters Veteran Affairs Medical Center, Bronx, NY 10468, USA
| | - Jun Wang
- Department of Neurology, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Shanee Porter
- Department of Neurology, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Lap Ho
- Department of Neurology, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY 10029, USA
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24
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Echávarri C, Caballero M, Aramendía A, García-Bragado F, Tuñón T. Multiprotein Deposits in Neurodegenerative Disorders: Our Experience in the Tissue Brain Bank of Navarra. Anat Rec (Hoboken) 2011; 294:1191-7. [DOI: 10.1002/ar.21413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2010] [Accepted: 03/26/2011] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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25
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Cui M, Ono M, Kimura H, Liu B, Saji H. Synthesis and Structure−Affinity Relationships of Novel Dibenzylideneacetone Derivatives as Probes for β-Amyloid Plaques. J Med Chem 2011; 54:2225-40. [DOI: 10.1021/jm101404k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mengchao Cui
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, 46-29 Yoshida Shimoadachi-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
- Key Laboratory of Radiopharmaceuticals, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, People's Republic of China
| | - Masahiro Ono
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, 46-29 Yoshida Shimoadachi-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Kimura
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, 46-29 Yoshida Shimoadachi-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Boli Liu
- Key Laboratory of Radiopharmaceuticals, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, People's Republic of China
| | - Hideo Saji
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, 46-29 Yoshida Shimoadachi-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
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26
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Pasinetti GM, Ho L. Role of grape seed polyphenols in Alzheimer's disease neuropathology. NUTRITION AND DIETARY SUPPLEMENTS 2010; 2010:97-103. [PMID: 23730149 DOI: 10.2147/nds.s6898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is an age-related neurodegenerative condition characterized by a progressive decline in cognitive function. AD affects approximately five million people in the US, creating a devastating financial burden on health care costs and an emotional burden on caregivers. To date, there is no cure for AD, so researchers are continually exploring novel avenues for the prevention and treatment of this condition. In this article, we present some findings from our laboratory and those of others on the potential benefits of a grape seed polyphenolic extract (GSPE) for the prevention and treatment of AD, including its chemical composition, bioactivity, bioavailability, safety, and tolerability, and the mechanisms by which it interferes with AD pathogenesis. Findings presented in this review article support the development of GSPE as a preventative and/or therapeutic agent in AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulio Maria Pasinetti
- Department of Neurology, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York ; Geriatric Research, education and Clinical Center, James J Peters veteran Affairs Medical Center, Bronx, New York, USA
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27
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High prevalence of amyloid in 150 surgically removed heart valves—a comparison of histological and clinical data reveals a correlation to atheroinflammatory conditions. Cardiovasc Pathol 2010; 19:228-35. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carpath.2009.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2008] [Revised: 04/03/2009] [Accepted: 04/14/2009] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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28
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Hoppe JB, Frozza RL, Horn AP, Comiran RA, Bernardi A, Campos MM, Battastini AMO, Salbego C. Amyloid-beta neurotoxicity in organotypic culture is attenuated by melatonin: involvement of GSK-3beta, tau and neuroinflammation. J Pineal Res 2010; 48:230-238. [PMID: 20136701 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-079x.2010.00747.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder marked by accumulation of extracellular deposits of amyloid-beta (Abeta) peptide in brain regions that are important for memory and cognition. The buildup of Abeta aggregates in the AD is followed by the formation of intracellular neurofibrillary tangles and activation of neuroinflammatory reactions. The present study investigated whether melatonin possesses a neuroprotective effect against Abeta-induced toxicity. For this purpose, organotypic hippocampal slices were cultured and exposed to 25 microm of Abeta(25-35) in the absence or in the presence of melatonin (25, 50, or 100 microm). In addition, the authors have investigated the involvement of GSK-3beta, tau protein, astroglial, and microglial activation, and cytokine levels in the melatonin protection against Abeta-induced neurotoxicity. Melatonin prevented the cell damage in hippocampus induced by the exposure to Abeta(25-35). In addition, melatonin significantly reduced the activation of GSK-3beta, the phosphorylation of tau protein, the glial activation and the Abeta-induced increase of TNF-alpha and IL-6 levels. On the basis of these findings, we speculate that melatonin may provide an effective therapeutic strategy for AD, by attenuating Abeta-induced phosphorylation of tau protein, and preventing GSK-3beta activation and neuroinflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliana Bender Hoppe
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica, Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, UFRGS, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Rudimar Luiz Frozza
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica, Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, UFRGS, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Ana Paula Horn
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica, Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, UFRGS, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Ricardo Argenta Comiran
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica, Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, UFRGS, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Andressa Bernardi
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica, Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, UFRGS, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Maria Martha Campos
- Faculdade de Odontologia e Instituto de Toxicologia, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | | | - Christianne Salbego
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, UFRGS, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
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Sleegers K, Lambert JC, Bertram L, Cruts M, Amouyel P, Van Broeckhoven C. The pursuit of susceptibility genes for Alzheimer's disease: progress and prospects. Trends Genet 2010; 26:84-93. [PMID: 20080314 DOI: 10.1016/j.tig.2009.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2009] [Revised: 12/10/2009] [Accepted: 12/11/2009] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The recent discoveries in genome-wide association studies (GWAS) of novel susceptibility loci (CLU, CR1 and PICALM) for Alzheimer's disease (AD) have elicited considerable interest in the AD community. But what are the implications of these purely epidemiological findings for our understanding of disease etiology and patient care? In this review, we attempt to place these findings in the context of current and future AD genetics research. CLU, CR1 and PICALM support existing hypotheses about the amyloid, lipid, chaperone and chronic inflammatory pathways in AD pathogenesis. We discuss how these and future findings can be translated into efforts to ameliorate patient care by genetic profiling for risk prediction and pharmacogenetics and by guiding drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristel Sleegers
- Neurodegenerative Brain Diseases Group, VIB-Department of Molecular Genetics; Universiteitsplein 1, B-2610 Antwerp, Belgium
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30
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Yeast cell adhesion molecules have functional amyloid-forming sequences. EUKARYOTIC CELL 2009; 9:393-404. [PMID: 20038605 DOI: 10.1128/ec.00068-09] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The occurrence of highly conserved amyloid-forming sequences in Candida albicans Als proteins (H. N. Otoo et al., Eukaryot. Cell 7:776-782, 2008) led us to search for similar sequences in other adhesins from C. albicans and Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The beta-aggregation predictor TANGO found highly beta-aggregation-prone sequences in almost all yeast adhesins. These sequences had an unusual amino acid composition: 77% of their residues were beta-branched aliphatic amino acids Ile, Thr, and Val, which is more than 4-fold greater than their prevalence in the S. cerevisiae proteome. High beta-aggregation potential peptides from S. cerevisiae Flo1p and C. albicans Eap1p rapidly formed insoluble amyloids, as determined by Congo red absorbance, thioflavin T fluorescence, and fiber morphology. As examples of the amyloid-forming ability of the native proteins, soluble glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI)-less fragments of C. albicans Als5p and S. cerevisiae Muc1p also formed amyloids within a few days under native conditions at nM concentrations. There was also evidence of amyloid formation in vivo: the surfaces of cells expressing wall-bound Als1p, Als5p, Muc1p, or Flo1p were birefringent and bound the fluorescent amyloid-reporting dye thioflavin T. Both of these properties increased upon aggregation of the cells. In addition, amyloid binding dyes strongly inhibited aggregation and flocculation. The results imply that amyloid formation is an intrinsic property of yeast cell adhesion proteins from many gene families and that amyloid formation is an important component of cellular aggregation mediated by these proteins.
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31
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Xu B, Li XX, He GR, Hu JJ, Mu X, Tian S, Du GH. Luteolin promotes long-term potentiation and improves cognitive functions in chronic cerebral hypoperfused rats. Eur J Pharmacol 2009; 627:99-105. [PMID: 19857483 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2009.10.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2009] [Revised: 09/26/2009] [Accepted: 10/14/2009] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Processes of synaptic plasticity, such as long-term potentiation (LTP), has been considered a cellular correlate of learning and memory and many neurological disorders accompanied by cognitive deficits exhibit abnormal synaptic function. This emerging concept is exemplified by Alzheimer's disease. Mounting evidence suggests that Alzheimer's disease begins with subtle alterations of hippocampal synaptic efficacy prior to frank neuronal degeneration, which make it critical to identify LTP enhancers to slow down or stop the progression of Alzheimer's disease. In this study, we found flavonoid luteolin could enhance basal synaptic transmission and facilitate the induction of LTP by high frequency stimulation in the dental gyrus of rat hippocampus. Furthermore, we investigated the effects of luteolin on chronic cerebral hypoperfusion-induced spatial learning dysfunction and LTP impairment in rat. The results showed chronic cerebral hypoperfusion produced by 2-vessel occlusion significantly impaired spatial learning and memory, and luteolin reversed the learning and memory deficit. 2-vessel occlusion resulted in dramatic inhibition of LTP formation in the hippocampus and luteolin significantly rescued the LTP impairment. These results demonstrate that luteolin not only directly modulates LTP formation, but also protects synapses from the detrimental effects of chronic cerebral hypoperfusion on LTP formation, which may contribute to the protective effects of luteolin on learning and memory. By immunoblotting, we found the effects of luteolin on LTP and memory may due to the activation of cAMP response element-binding protein (CREB). Therefore, flavonoid luteolin shows great potential as a novel treatment agent for protecting synaptic function and enhancing memory in neurodegenerative disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bei Xu
- National Center for Pharmaceutical Screening, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, PR China
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Cole SL, Vassar R. Linking vascular disorders and Alzheimer's disease: potential involvement of BACE1. Neurobiol Aging 2009; 30:1535-44. [PMID: 18289733 PMCID: PMC3490488 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2007.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2007] [Revised: 11/28/2007] [Accepted: 12/14/2007] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
The etiology of Alzheimer's disease (AD) remains unknown. However, specific risk factors have been identified, and aging is the strongest AD risk factor. The majority of cardiovascular events occur in older people and a close relationship between vascular disorders and AD exists. Amyloid plaques, composed of the beta amyloid peptide (Abeta), are hallmark lesions in AD and evidence indicates that Abeta plays a central role in AD pathophysiology. The BACE1 enzyme is essential for Abeta generation, and BACE1 levels are elevated in AD brain. The cause(s) of this BACE1 elevation remains undetermined. Here we review the potential contribution of vascular disease to AD pathogenesis. We examine the putative vasoactive properties of Abeta and how the cellular changes associated with vascular disease may elevate BACE1 levels. Despite increasing evidence, the exact role(s) vascular disorders play in AD remains to be determined. However, given that vascular diseases can be addressed by lifestyle and pharmacologic interventions, the potential benefits of these therapies in delaying the clinical appearance and progression of AD may warrant investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah L Cole
- Northwestern University, The Feinberg School of Medicine, Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, 303 E. Chicago Avenue, Chicago, IL 60611, USA.
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Ho L, Yemul S, Wang J, Pasinetti GM. Grape seed polyphenolic extract as a potential novel therapeutic agent in tauopathies. J Alzheimers Dis 2009; 16:433-9. [PMID: 19221432 DOI: 10.3233/jad-2009-0969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Abnormal misfoldings of the microtubule-associated protein tau, leading to the aggregation of tau into paired helical filaments that are ultimately deposited as neurofibrillary tangles, is a key neuropathologic feature of a number of neurodegenerative disorders collectively referred to as tauopathies. We recently observed that a particular grape seed polyphenolic extract (GSPE), namely, Meganatural-Az may attenuate the generation and stability of misfolded proteins. We hypothesized that Meganatural-Az GSPE might also attenuate tau protein misfolding that leads to the generation of tau filamentary aggregates that are critical for the initiation and progression of neurodegeneration and/or cognitive dysfunctions in tauopathies. In this study, we used in vitro aggregations of synthetic Ac(306)VQIVYK(311) tau peptide as a model system to explore whether Meganatural-Az GSPE might modulate aggregations of tau protein. We demonstrate that this GSPE is capable of inhibiting tau peptide aggregations, as well as dissociating preformed tau peptide aggregates. Results from this study suggest that this GSPE might provide beneficial disease-modifying bioactivities in tau-associated neurodegenerative disorders by modulating tau-mediated neuropathologic mechanisms. Our observation, in conjunction with the demonstrated bioavailability, as well as safety and tolerability, of this GSPE, supports the development of Meganatural-Az GSPE for the prevention and/or treatment of tau-associated neurodegenerative disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lap Ho
- Department of Psychiatry, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY 10029, USA
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34
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Minati L, Edginton T, Bruzzone MG, Giaccone G. Current concepts in Alzheimer's disease: a multidisciplinary review. Am J Alzheimers Dis Other Demen 2009; 24:95-121. [PMID: 19116299 PMCID: PMC10846154 DOI: 10.1177/1533317508328602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 190] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
This comprehensive, pedagogically-oriented review is aimed at a heterogeneous audience representative of the allied disciplines involved in research and patient care. After a foreword on epidemiology, genetics, and risk factors, the amyloid cascade model is introduced and the main neuropathological hallmarks are discussed. The progression of memory, language, visual processing, executive, attentional, and praxis deficits, and of behavioral symptoms is presented. After a summary on neuropsychological assessment, emerging biomarkers from cerebrospinal fluid assays, magnetic resonance imaging, nuclear medicine, and electrophysiology are discussed. Existing treatments are briefly reviewed, followed by an introduction to emerging disease-modifying therapies such as secretase modulators, inhibitors of Abeta aggregation, immunotherapy, inhibitors of tau protein phosphorylation, and delivery of nerve growth factor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ludovico Minati
- Science Direction Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milano, Italy.
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35
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Dinh K, Poindexter BJ, Barnes JL, Schiess MC, Bick RJ. Fluorescence microscopy and 3D image reconstruction of cytokine initiated disruption of the Parkinson disease associated proteins alpha-synuclein, tau and ubiquitin in cultured glial cells. Cytokine 2009; 45:179-83. [PMID: 19157893 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2008.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2008] [Revised: 08/28/2008] [Accepted: 12/11/2008] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Human derived glioblastoma cells were cultured and treated with cytokines interleukin-6 (IL6), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF) and interferon-gamma (IFN) and imaged by fluorescence deconvolution microscopy to localize alpha-synuclein, tau and ubiquitin. Exposures were for short (2 h) and prolonged times (up to 96 h), with doses at both low (10 ng/ml), and high (100 ng/ml) concentrations. Further experiments used additive doses up to 200 ng/ml (2 x 100 ng), mimicking a super-infection state. Single, low doses of the cytokines initiated changes in levels of intracellular proteins, but these changes, be they increases or decreases, were not sustained, so we added higher doses of cytokine to the culture medium or fresh aliquots of cytokines over time. Finally, we treated cells with high, single doses of cytokine (200 ng/ml), to try to sustain perturbations of the proteins with cytokines. IFN caused a disruption and reduction of peripheral synuclein, TNF treatment resulted in increased levels of ubiquitin and IL6 disrupted and appeared to fragment tau. Of note, each of the proteins was found in a specific locale, tau being perinuclear, ubiquitin residing in the cytoplasm, and alpha-synuclein occupying the tips of cellular processes, exhibiting the characteristics of an adhesion protein/molecule [Word count=198].
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Affiliation(s)
- Kha Dinh
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Texas Medical School at Houston, 6431 Fannin Street, MSB 2.288, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
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36
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Tan L, Schedl P, Song HJ, Garza D, Konsolaki M. The Toll-->NFkappaB signaling pathway mediates the neuropathological effects of the human Alzheimer's Abeta42 polypeptide in Drosophila. PLoS One 2008; 3:e3966. [PMID: 19088848 PMCID: PMC2597734 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0003966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2008] [Accepted: 11/08/2008] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disease that afflicts a significant fraction of older individuals. Although a proteolytic product of the Amyloid precursor protein, the Alphabeta42 polypeptide, has been directly implicated in the disease, the genes and biological pathways that are deployed during the process of Alphabeta42 induced neurodegeneration are not well understood and remain controversial. To identify genes and pathways that mediated Alphabeta42 induced neurodegeneration we took advantage of a Drosophila model for AD disease in which ectopically expressed human Alphabeta42 polypeptide induces cell death and tissue degeneration in the compound eye. One of the genes identified in our genetic screen is Toll (Tl). It encodes the receptor for the highly conserved Tl-->NFkB innate immunity/inflammatory pathway and is a fly homolog of the mammalian Interleukin-1 (Ilk-1) receptor. We found that Tl loss-of-function mutations dominantly suppress the neuropathological effects of the Alphabeta42 polypeptide while gain-of-function mutations that increase receptor activity dominantly enhance them. Furthermore, we present evidence demonstrating that Tl and key downstream components of the innate immunity/inflammatory pathway play a central role in mediating the neuropathological activities of Alphabeta42. We show that the deleterious effects of Alphabeta42 can be suppressed by genetic manipulations of the Tl-->NFkB pathway that downregulate signal transduction. Conversely, manipulations that upregulate signal transduction exacerbate the deleterious effects of Abeta42. Since postmortem studies have shown that the Ilk-1-->NFkB innate immunity pathway is substantially upregulated in the brains of AD patients, the demonstration that the Tl-->NFkB signaling actively promotes the process of Alphabeta42 induced cell death and tissue degeneration in flies points to possible therapeutic targets and strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lihua Tan
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey, United States of America
| | - Paul Schedl
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey, United States of America
| | - Ho-Juhn Song
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Dan Garza
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Mary Konsolaki
- Department of Genetics, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey, United States of America
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37
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Guan ZZ. Cross-talk between oxidative stress and modifications of cholinergic and glutaminergic receptors in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2008; 29:773-80. [PMID: 18565274 DOI: 10.1111/j.1745-7254.2008.00819.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common neurodegenerative disorder, and its pathogenesis is likely to be associated with multiple etiologies and mechanisms in which oxidative stress and deficits of neurotransmitter receptors may play important roles. It has been indicated that a high level of free radicals can influence the expressions of nicotinic receptors (nAChRs), muscarinic receptors (mAChRs), and N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptors, exhibiting disturbances of cellular membrane by lipid peroxidation, damages of the protein receptors by protein oxidation, and possible modified gene expressions of these receptors by DNA oxidation. nAChRs have shown an antioxidative effect by a direct or an indirect pathway; mAChR stimulation may generate reactive oxygen species, which might be a physiological compensative reaction, or improve oxidative stress; and high stimulation to NMDA receptors can increase the sensitivity of oxidative stress of neurons. This review may provide complemental information for understanding the correlation between oxidative stress and changed cholinergic and glutaminergic receptors in AD processing, and for revealing the underlying molecular mechanisms of these factors in the multiple etiologies and pathophysiology of the disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-zhong Guan
- Department of Molecular Biology and Pathology, Guiyang Medical University, Guiyang 550004, China.
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38
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Burgos-Ramos E, Hervás-Aguilar A, Aguado-Llera D, Puebla-Jiménez L, Hernández-Pinto AM, Barrios V, Arilla-Ferreiro E. Somatostatin and Alzheimer's disease. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2008; 286:104-11. [PMID: 18359553 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2008.01.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2007] [Revised: 01/23/2008] [Accepted: 01/24/2008] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is characterized by the cerebral deposition of senile plaques that are mainly composed of a set of peptides referred to as amyloid beta-peptides (Abeta). Among the numerous neuropeptides produced in intrinsic cortical and hippocampal neurons, somatostatin (SRIF) has been found to be the most consistently reduced in the brain and cerebrospinal fluid of AD patients. SRIF receptors (SSTR), which mediate the neuromodulatory signals of SRIF, are also markedly depleted in the AD brain, there being subtype-selective alterations in cortical areas. In the rat temporal cortex, we have shown that intracerebroventricular infusion of Abeta25-35 results in a decrease in SRIF-like immunoreactivity and in SRIF receptor subtype 2 (SSTR2) mRNA and protein levels, in correlation with a decrease in SSTR functionality. Insulin-like growth factor-I prevents the reduction in these parameters induced by Abeta25-35. Abeta has recently been demonstrated to be degraded primarily by a neutral endopeptidase, neprilysin, in the brain. SRIF regulates brain Abeta levels via modulation of neprilysin activity. Because SRIF expression in the brain declines upon aging in various mammals, including rodents, apes and humans, the aging-dependent reduction of SRIF has been hypothesized to trigger accumulation of Abeta in the brain by suppressing neprilysin action. Here we present an overview of recent advances on the role of SRIF in AD and its relationship with Abeta peptides.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Burgos-Ramos
- Unidad de Neurobioquímica, Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Alcalá, Madrid, Spain
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Tumiatti V, Bolognesi ML, Minarini A, Rosini M, Milelli A, Matera R, Melchiorre C. Progress in acetylcholinesterase inhibitors for Alzheimer's disease: an update. Expert Opin Ther Pat 2008. [DOI: 10.1517/13543776.18.4.387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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40
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The potential role of nutritional components in the management of Alzheimer's Disease. Eur J Pharmacol 2008; 585:197-207. [PMID: 18374332 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2008.01.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2007] [Revised: 12/28/2007] [Accepted: 01/21/2008] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Epidemiological evidence linking nutrition to the incidence and risk of Alzheimer Disease is rapidly increasing. The specific nutritional deficiencies in Alzheimer patients may suggest a relative shortage of specific macro- and micronutrients. These include omega-3 fatty acids, several B-vitamins and antioxidants such as vitamins E and C. Recent mechanistic studies in cell systems and animal models also support the idea that nutritional components are able to counteract specific aspects of the neurodegenerative and pathological processes in the brain. In addition, it has been shown that several nutritional components can also effectively stimulate membrane formation and synapse formation as well as improve behavior and cerebrovascular health. The suggested synergy between nutritional components to improve neuronal plasticity and function is supported by epidemiological studies as well as experimental studies in animal models. The ability of nutritional compositions to stimulate synapse formation and effectively reduce Alzheimer Disease neuropathology in these preclinical models provides a solid basis to predict potential to modify the disease process, especially during the early phases of Alzheimer Disease.
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