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Peng M, Gan F, Lin X, Yang R, Li S, Li W, Wu L, Fan X, Chen K. Overexpression of OsNF-YB4 leads to flowering early, improving photosynthesis and better grain yield in hybrid rice. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2023; 331:111661. [PMID: 36813243 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2023.111661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Revised: 02/17/2023] [Accepted: 02/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
For cereal crops, such as rice, the grain yield mainly comes from the accumulation of carbohydrates in the seed, which depends ultimately on photosynthesis during the growth period. To create early ripen variety, higher efficiency of photosynthesis is thus necessary to get higher grain yield with shorter growth period. In this study, flowering early was observed in the hybrid rice with overexpression of OsNF-YB4. Along with the flowering early, the hybrid rice also was shorter in plant height with less of leaves and internodes, but no changes of panicle length and leaf emergence. The grain yield was kept or even increased in the hybrid rice with shorter growth period. Transcription analysis revealed that Ghd7-Ehd1-Hd3a/RFT1 was activated early to promote the flowering transition in the overexpression hybrids. RNA-Seq study further showed that carbohydrate-related pathways were significantly altered in addition to circadian pathway. Notably, up-regulation of three pathways related to plant photosynthesis was observed, as well. Increased carbon assimilation with alteration of chlorophyll contents was subsequently detected in the following physiological experiments. All these results demonstrate that overexpression of OsNF-YB4 in the hybrid rice activates flowering early and improves photosynthesis resulting in better grain yield with shorter growth period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meifang Peng
- Institute of Biotechnology and Nuclear Technology, Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 106 Shizishan Road, Chengdu 610061, Sichuan, China
| | - Feng Gan
- Institute of Biotechnology and Nuclear Technology, Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 106 Shizishan Road, Chengdu 610061, Sichuan, China
| | - Xiaomin Lin
- Institute of Biotechnology and Nuclear Technology, Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 106 Shizishan Road, Chengdu 610061, Sichuan, China
| | - Run Yang
- Institute of Biotechnology and Nuclear Technology, Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 106 Shizishan Road, Chengdu 610061, Sichuan, China
| | - Shaoyi Li
- Institute of Biotechnology and Nuclear Technology, Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 106 Shizishan Road, Chengdu 610061, Sichuan, China
| | - Wei Li
- Institute of Biotechnology and Nuclear Technology, Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 106 Shizishan Road, Chengdu 610061, Sichuan, China
| | - Lan Wu
- Institute of Biotechnology and Nuclear Technology, Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 106 Shizishan Road, Chengdu 610061, Sichuan, China
| | - Xiaoli Fan
- Institute of Biotechnology and Nuclear Technology, Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 106 Shizishan Road, Chengdu 610061, Sichuan, China
| | - Kegui Chen
- Institute of Biotechnology and Nuclear Technology, Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 106 Shizishan Road, Chengdu 610061, Sichuan, China.
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Cao L, Ma C, Ye F, Pang Y, Wang G, Fahim AM, Lu X. Genome-wide identification of NF-Y gene family in maize ( Zea mays L.) and the positive role of ZmNF-YC12 in drought resistance and recovery ability. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1159955. [PMID: 37265635 PMCID: PMC10229843 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1159955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Nuclear factor Y (NF-Y) genes play important roles in many biological processes, such as leaf growth, nitrogen nutrition, and drought resistance. However, the biological functions of these transcription factor family members have not been systematically analyzed in maize. In the present study, a total of 52 ZmNF-Y genes were identified and classified into three groups in the maize genome. An analysis of the evolutionary relationship, gene structure, and conserved motifs of these genes supports the evolutionary conservation of NF-Y family genes in maize. The tissue expression profiles based on RNA-seq data showed that all genes apart from ZmNF-Y16, ZmNF-YC15, and ZmNF-YC17 were expressed in different maize tissues. A weighted correlation network analysis was conducted and a gene co expression network method was used to analyze the transcriptome sequencing results; six core genes responding to drought and rewatering were identified. A real time fluorescence quantitative analysis showed that these six genes responded to high temperature, drought, high salt, and abscisic acid (ABA) treatments, and subsequent restoration to normal levels. ZmNF-YC12 was highly induced by drought and rewatering treatments. The ZmNF-YC12 protein was localized in the nucleus, and the Gal4-LexA/UAS system and a transactivation analysis demonstrated that ZmNF-YC12 in maize (Zea mays L.) is a transcriptional activator that regulates drought resistance and recovery ability. Silencing ZmNF-YC12 reduced net photosynthesis, chlorophyll content, antioxidant (superoxide dismutase, catalase, peroxidase and ascorbate peroxidase) system activation, and soluble protein and proline contents; it increased the malondialdehyde content, the relative water content, and the water loss rate, which weakened drought resistance and the recoverability of maize. These results provide insights into understanding the evolution of ZmNF-Y family genes in maize and their potential roles in genetic improvement. Our work provides a foundation for subsequent functional studies of the NF-Y gene family and provides deep insights into the role of the ZmNF-YC12 regulatory network in controlling drought resistance and the recoverability of maize.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liru Cao
- Grain Crops Research Institute, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, China
- The Shennong Laboratory, Zhengzhou Henan, China
| | - Chenchen Ma
- Grain Crops Research Institute, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Feiyu Ye
- Grain Crops Research Institute, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yunyun Pang
- Grain Crops Research Institute, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Guorui Wang
- Grain Crops Research Institute, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Abbas Muhammad Fahim
- Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences and Technology, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Pakistan
| | - Xiaomin Lu
- Grain Crops Research Institute, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, China
- The Shennong Laboratory, Zhengzhou Henan, China
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Bhattacharjee B, Hallan V. NF-YB family transcription factors in Arabidopsis: Structure, phylogeny, and expression analysis in biotic and abiotic stresses. Front Microbiol 2023; 13:1067427. [PMID: 36733773 PMCID: PMC9887194 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.1067427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Nuclear factor-Y (NF-Y) transcription factors (TFs) are conserved heterotrimeric complexes present and widespread across eukaryotes. Three main subunits make up the structural and functional aspect of the NF-Y TFs: NF-YA, NF-YB and NF-YC, which bind to the conserved CCAAT- box of the promoter region of specific genes, while also interacting with each other, thereby forming myriad combinations. The NF-YBs are expressed differentially in various tissues and plant development stages, likely impacting many of the cellular processes constitutively and under stress conditions. In this study, ten members of NF-YB family from Arabidopsis thaliana were identified and expression profiles were mined from microarray data under different biotic and abiotic conditions, revealing key insights into the involvement of this class of proteins in the cellular and biological processes in Arabidopsis. Analysis of cis-acting regulatory elements (CAREs) indicated the presence of abiotic and biotic stress-related transcription factor binding sites (TFBs), shedding light on the multifaceted roles of these TFs. Microarray data analysis inferred distinct patterns of expression in various tissues under differing treatments such as drought, cold and heat stress as well as bacterial, fungal, and viral stress, indicating their likelihood of having an expansive range of regulatory functions under native and stressed conditions; while quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) based expression analysis revealed that these TFs get real-time-modulated in a stress dependent manner. This study, overall, provides an understanding of the AtNF-YB family of TFs in their regulation and participation in various morphogenetic and defense- related pathways and can provide insights for development of transgenic plants for trait dependent studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bipasha Bhattacharjee
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India,Plant Virology Laboratory, Division of Biotechnology, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology (IHBT), Palampur, India
| | - Vipin Hallan
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India,Plant Virology Laboratory, Division of Biotechnology, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology (IHBT), Palampur, India,*Correspondence: Vipin Hallan, ✉
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Fu R, Wang J, Zhou M, Ren X, Hua J, Liang M. Five NUCLEAR FACTOR-Y subunit B genes in rapeseed (Brassica napus) promote flowering and root elongation in Arabidopsis. PLANTA 2022; 256:115. [PMID: 36371542 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-022-04030-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2022] [Accepted: 11/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Heterologous expression of BnNF-YB2, BnNF-YB3, BnNF-YB4, BnNF-YB5, or BnNF-YB6 from rapeseed promotes the floral process and also affects root development in Arabidopsis. The transcriptional regulator NUCLEAR FACTOR-Y (NF-Y) is a heterotrimeric complex composed of NF-YA, NF-YB, and NF-YC proteins and is ubiquitous in yeast, animal, and plant systems. In this study, we found that five NF-YB proteins from rapeseed (Brassica napus), including BnNF-YB2, BnNF-YB3, BnNF-YB4, BnNF-YB5, and BnNF-YB6 (BnNF-YB2/3/4/5/6), all function in photoperiodic flowering and root elongation. Sequence alignment and phylogenetic analysis showed that BnNF-YB2/3 and BnNF-YB4/5/6 were clustered with Arabidopsis AtNF-YB2 and AtNF-YB3, respectively, implying that these NF-YBs are evolutionarily and functionally conserved. In support of this hypothesis, the heterologous expression of individual BnNF-YB2, 3, 4, 5, or 6 in Arabidopsis promoted early flowering under a long-day photoperiod. Further analysis suggested that BnNF-YB 2/3/4/5/6 elevated the expression of key downstream flowering time genes including CO, FT, LFY and SOC1. Promoter-GUS fusion analysis showed that the five BnNF-YBs were expressed in a variety of tissues at various developmental stages and GFP fusion analysis revealed that all BnNF-YBs were localized to the nucleus. In addition, we demonstrated that the heterologous expression of individual BnNF-YB2/3/4/5/6 in Arabidopsis promoted root elongation and increased the number of root tips formed under both normal and treatment with simulators of abiotic stress conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruixin Fu
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210000, Jiangsu, China
- School of Biology and Food, Shangqiu Normal University, Shangqiu, 476000, Henan, China
| | - Ji Wang
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210000, Jiangsu, China
| | - Mengjia Zhou
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210000, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xuyang Ren
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210000, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jianyang Hua
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210000, Jiangsu, China
| | - Mingxiang Liang
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210000, Jiangsu, China.
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5
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Yu J, Yuan Y, Zhang W, Song T, Hou X, Kong L, Cui G. Overexpression of an NF-YC2 gene confers alkali tolerance to transgenic alfalfa ( Medicago sativa L.). FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:960160. [PMID: 35991397 PMCID: PMC9389336 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.960160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Alkaline stress severely limits plant growth and yield worldwide. NF-YC transcription factors (TFs) respond to abiotic stress by activating gene expression. However, the biological function of NF-YC TFs in alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) is not clear. In our study, an NF-YC2 gene was identified and transgenic plants were obtained by constructing overexpression vector and cotyledon node transformation system in alfalfa. The open reading frame of MsNF-YC2 is 879 bp with 32.4 kDa molecular mass. MsNF-YC2 showed tissue expression specificity and was induced by a variety of abiotic stresses including drought, salt, and alkali stress in alfalfa. Under alkali stress treatment, transgenic plants exhibited higher levels of antioxidant enzyme activities and proline (Pro), correlating with a lower levels of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), superoxide anion (O2 -) compared with wild-type (WT) plants. Transcriptomic results showed that overexpression of MsNF-YC2 regulated the expression of phytohormone signal transduction and photosynthesis-related genes under normal and alkaline stress treatments. These results suggest that the MsNF-YC2 gene plays crucial role enhance alkali adaptation abilities in alfalfa.
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Sharwood RE, Quick WP, Sargent D, Estavillo GM, Silva-Perez V, Furbank RT. Mining for allelic gold: finding genetic variation in photosynthetic traits in crops and wild relatives. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2022; 73:3085-3108. [PMID: 35274686 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erac081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Improvement of photosynthetic traits in crops to increase yield potential and crop resilience has recently become a major breeding target. Synthetic biology and genetic technologies offer unparalleled opportunities to create new genetics for photosynthetic traits driven by existing fundamental knowledge. However, large 'gene bank' collections of germplasm comprising historical collections of crop species and their relatives offer a wealth of opportunities to find novel allelic variation in the key steps of photosynthesis, to identify new mechanisms and to accelerate genetic progress in crop breeding programmes. Here we explore the available genetic resources in food and fibre crops, strategies to selectively target allelic variation in genes underpinning key photosynthetic processes, and deployment of this variation via gene editing in modern elite material.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert E Sharwood
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Richmond, NSW, Australia
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Translational Photosynthesis, Research School of Biology, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - W Paul Quick
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Translational Photosynthesis, Research School of Biology, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia
- International Rice Research Institute, Los Baños, Laguna, Philippines
| | - Demi Sargent
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Richmond, NSW, Australia
| | | | | | - Robert T Furbank
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Translational Photosynthesis, Research School of Biology, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia
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Genome-wide screening and identification of nuclear Factor-Y family genes and exploration their function on regulating abiotic and biotic stress in potato (Solanum tuberosum L.). Gene 2021; 812:146089. [PMID: 34896520 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2021.146089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2021] [Revised: 10/21/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The Nuclear Factor-Y (NF-Y) transcription factor (TF), which includes three distinct subunits (NF-YA, NF-YB and NF-YC), is known to manipulate various aspects of plant growth, development, and stress responses. Although the NF-Y gene family was well studied in many species, little is known about their functions in potato. In this study, a total of 37 potato NF-Y genes were identified, including 11 StNF-YAs, 20 StNF-YBs, and 6 StNF-YCs. The genetic features of these StNF-Y genes were investigated by comparing their evolutionary relationship, intron/exon organization and motif distribution pattern. Multiple alignments showed that all StNF-Y proteins possessed clearly conserved core regions that were flanked by non-conserved sequences. Gene duplication analysis indicated that nine StNF-Y genes were subjected to tandem duplication and eight StNF-Ys arose from segmental duplication events. Synteny analysis suggested that most StNF-Y genes (33 of 37) were orthologous to potato's close relative tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.). Tissue-specific expression of the StNF-Y genes suggested their potential roles in controlling potato growth and development. The role of StNF-Ys in regulating potato responses to abiotic stress (ABA, drought and salinity) was also confirmed: twelve StNF-Y genes were up-regulated and another two were down-regulated under different abiotic treatments. In addition, genes responded differently to pathogen challenges, suggesting that StNF-Y genes may play distinct roles under certain biotic stress. In summary, insights into the evolution of NF-Y family members and their functions in potato development and stress responses are provided.
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Guo Y, Wang T, Fu FF, El-Kassaby YA, Wang G. Metabolome and Transcriptome Analyses Reveal the Regulatory Mechanisms of Photosynthesis in Developing Ginkgo biloba Leaves. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22052601. [PMID: 33807564 PMCID: PMC7961846 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22052601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2021] [Revised: 02/26/2021] [Accepted: 02/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Ginkgo (Ginkgo biloba L.) is a deciduous tree species with high timber, medicinal, ecological, ornamental, and scientific values, and is widely cultivated worldwide. However, for such an important tree species, the regulatory mechanisms involved in the photosynthesis of developing leaves remain largely unknown. Here, we observed variations in light response curves (LRCs) and photosynthetic parameters (photosynthetic capacity (Pnmax) and dark respiration rate (Rd)) of leaves across different developmental stages. We found the divergence in the abundance of compounds (such as 3-phospho-d-glyceroyl phosphate, sedoheptulose-1,7-bisphosphate, and malate) involved in photosynthetic carbon metabolism. Additionally, a co-expression network was constructed to reveal 242 correlations between transcription factors (TFs) and photosynthesis-related genes (p < 0.05, |r| > 0.8). We found that the genes involved in the photosynthetic light reaction pathway were regulated by multiple TFs, such as bHLH, WRKY, ARF, IDD, and TFIIIA. Our analysis allowed the identification of candidate genes that most likely regulate photosynthesis, primary carbon metabolism, and plant development and as such, provide a theoretical basis for improving the photosynthetic capacity and yield of ginkgo trees.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Guo
- Co-Innovation Centre for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China; (Y.G.); (F.-F.F.)
- Department of Forest and Conservation Sciences, Faculty of Forestry, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada;
| | - Tongli Wang
- Department of Forest and Conservation Sciences, Faculty of Forestry, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada;
| | - Fang-Fang Fu
- Co-Innovation Centre for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China; (Y.G.); (F.-F.F.)
- Forestry College, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Yousry A. El-Kassaby
- Department of Forest and Conservation Sciences, Faculty of Forestry, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada;
- Correspondence: (Y.A.E.-K.); (G.W.)
| | - Guibin Wang
- Co-Innovation Centre for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China; (Y.G.); (F.-F.F.)
- Forestry College, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
- Correspondence: (Y.A.E.-K.); (G.W.)
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Guo Y, Niu S, El-Kassaby YA, Li W. Transcriptome-wide isolation and expression of NF-Y gene family in male cone development and hormonal treatment of Pinus tabuliformis. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2021; 171:34-47. [PMID: 32770551 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.13183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2020] [Accepted: 08/03/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
It is known that nuclear factor Y (NF-Y) transcription factors play an important role in flowering time regulation and hormone response (ABA, GA) in angiosperms, but, little known in conifers. Moreover, the NF-Y gene family has not been comprehensively reported in conifers. Here, we identified 9 NF-YA, 9 NF-YB and 10 NF-YC genes in Pinus tabuliformis using Arabidopsis NF-Y protein sequences as queries. Additionally, by comparing conserved regions and phylogenetic relationships of the PtNF-Ys, we found that NF-Ys were both conserved and altered during evolution. PtTFL2, PtCO, PtNF-YC1 and PtNF-YC4 were exploited by expression profile in male cone development and correlation analysis. Furthermore, NF-YC1/4 and DPL (DELLA protein of P. tabuliformis) were interacted by yeast two-hybrid and BiFC assays, which suggested that NF-YC1/4 may be involved in gibberellins signaling pathway. Moreover, the multiple types of phytohormones-responsive cis-elements (ABA, JA, IAA, SA) have been found, and gene expression profile analysis showed that many NF-Y genes responded positively to SA and as opposed to IAA and JA, revealing the potential role of NF-Ys in conifers resistance. In summary, this study provided the basis for further investigation of the function of NF-Y genes in conifers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingtian Guo
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Tree Breeding by Molecular Design, National Engineering Laboratory for Forest Tree Breeding, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Shihui Niu
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Tree Breeding by Molecular Design, National Engineering Laboratory for Forest Tree Breeding, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Yousry A El-Kassaby
- Department of Forest and Conservation Sciences, Faculty of Forestry, University of British Columbia, 2424 Main Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia, V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Wei Li
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Tree Breeding by Molecular Design, National Engineering Laboratory for Forest Tree Breeding, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
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Ma XJ, Fu JD, Tang YM, Yu TF, Yin ZG, Chen J, Zhou YB, Chen M, Xu ZS, Ma YZ. GmNFYA13 Improves Salt and Drought Tolerance in Transgenic Soybean Plants. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 11:587244. [PMID: 33193539 PMCID: PMC7644530 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.587244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2020] [Accepted: 09/25/2020] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
NF-YA transcription factors function in modulating tolerance to abiotic stresses that are serious threats to crop yields. In this study, GmNFYA13, an NF-YA gene in soybean, was strongly induced by salt, drought, ABA, and H2O2, and suppressed by tungstate, an ABA synthesis inhibitor. The GmNFYA13 transcripts were detected in different tissues in seedling and flowering stages, and the expression levels in roots were highest. GmNFYA13 is a nuclear localization protein with self-activating activity. Transgenic Arabidopsis plants overexpressing GmNFYA13 with higher transcript levels of stress-related genes showed ABA hypersensitivity and enhanced tolerance to salt and drought stresses compared with WT plants. Moreover, overexpression of GmNFYA13 resulted in higher salt and drought tolerance in OE soybean plants, while suppressing it produced the opposite results. In addition, GmNFYA13 could bind to the promoters of GmSALT3, GmMYB84, GmNCED3, and GmRbohB to regulate their expression abundance in vivo. The data in this study suggested that GmNFYA13 enhanced salt and drought tolerance in soybean plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Jun Ma
- Institute of Crop Science/Institute of Urban Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS)/National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Triticeae Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing, China
| | - Jin-Dong Fu
- Institute of Crop Science/Institute of Urban Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS)/National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Triticeae Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing, China
| | - Yi-Miao Tang
- Beijing Engineering Research Center for Hybrid Wheat, The Municipal Key Laboratory of the Molecular Genetics of Hybrid Wheat, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Tai-Fei Yu
- Institute of Crop Science/Institute of Urban Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS)/National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Triticeae Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing, China
| | - Zhen-Gong Yin
- Institute of Crop Resources, Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Jun Chen
- Institute of Crop Science/Institute of Urban Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS)/National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Triticeae Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing, China
| | - Yong-Bin Zhou
- Institute of Crop Science/Institute of Urban Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS)/National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Triticeae Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing, China
| | - Ming Chen
- Institute of Crop Science/Institute of Urban Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS)/National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Triticeae Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing, China
| | - Zhao-Shi Xu
- Institute of Crop Science/Institute of Urban Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS)/National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Triticeae Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing, China
| | - You-Zhi Ma
- Institute of Crop Science/Institute of Urban Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS)/National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Triticeae Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing, China
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Baslam M, Mitsui T, Hodges M, Priesack E, Herritt MT, Aranjuelo I, Sanz-Sáez Á. Photosynthesis in a Changing Global Climate: Scaling Up and Scaling Down in Crops. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 11:882. [PMID: 32733499 PMCID: PMC7357547 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.00882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2019] [Accepted: 05/29/2020] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Photosynthesis is the major process leading to primary production in the Biosphere. There is a total of 7000bn tons of CO2 in the atmosphere and photosynthesis fixes more than 100bn tons annually. The CO2 assimilated by the photosynthetic apparatus is the basis of crop production and, therefore, of animal and human food. This has led to a renewed interest in photosynthesis as a target to increase plant production and there is now increasing evidence showing that the strategy of improving photosynthetic traits can increase plant yield. However, photosynthesis and the photosynthetic apparatus are both conditioned by environmental variables such as water availability, temperature, [CO2], salinity, and ozone. The "omics" revolution has allowed a better understanding of the genetic mechanisms regulating stress responses including the identification of genes and proteins involved in the regulation, acclimation, and adaptation of processes that impact photosynthesis. The development of novel non-destructive high-throughput phenotyping techniques has been important to monitor crop photosynthetic responses to changing environmental conditions. This wealth of data is being incorporated into new modeling algorithms to predict plant growth and development under specific environmental constraints. This review gives a multi-perspective description of the impact of changing environmental conditions on photosynthetic performance and consequently plant growth by briefly highlighting how major technological advances including omics, high-throughput photosynthetic measurements, metabolic engineering, and whole plant photosynthetic modeling have helped to improve our understanding of how the photosynthetic machinery can be modified by different abiotic stresses and thus impact crop production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marouane Baslam
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Faculty of Agriculture, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan
| | - Toshiaki Mitsui
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Faculty of Agriculture, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan
| | - Michael Hodges
- Institute of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay (IPS2), CNRS, INRAE, Université Paris-Saclay, Université Evry, Université Paris Diderot, Paris, France
| | - Eckart Priesack
- Institute of Biochemical Plant Pathology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Matthew T. Herritt
- USDA-ARS Plant Physiology and Genetics Research, US Arid-Land Agricultural Research Center, Maricopa, AZ, United States
| | - Iker Aranjuelo
- Agrobiotechnology Institute (IdAB-CSIC), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas-Gobierno de Navarra, Mutilva, Spain
| | - Álvaro Sanz-Sáez
- Department of Crop, Soil, and Environmental Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, United States
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Ma XJ, Yu TF, Li XH, Cao XY, Ma J, Chen J, Zhou YB, Chen M, Ma YZ, Zhang JH, Xu ZS. Overexpression of GmNFYA5 confers drought tolerance to transgenic Arabidopsis and soybean plants. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2020; 20:123. [PMID: 32192425 PMCID: PMC7082914 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-020-02337-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2019] [Accepted: 03/10/2020] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Crop productivity is challenged by abiotic stresses, among which drought stress is the most common. NF-Y genes, especially NF-YA genes, regulate tolerance to abiotic stress. RESULTS Soybean NF-Y gene GmNFYA5 was identified to have the highest transcript level among all 21 NF-YA genes in soybean (Glycine max L.) under drought stress. Drought-induced transcript of GmNFYA5 was suppressed by the ABA synthesis inhibitor naproxen (NAP). GmNFYA5 transcript was detected in various tissues at vegetative and reproductive growth stages with higher levels in roots and leaves than in other tissues, which was consist with the GmNFYA5 promoter: GUS fusion assay. Overexpression of GmNFYA5 in transgenic Arabidopsis plants caused enhanced drought tolerance in seedlings by decreasing stomatal aperture and water loss from leaves. Overexpression and suppression of GmNFYA5 in soybean resulted in increased and decreased drought tolerance, respectively, relative to plants with an empty vector (EV). Transcript levels of ABA-dependent genes (ABI2, ABI3, NCED3, LEA3, RD29A, P5CS1, GmWRKY46, GmNCED2 and GmbZIP1) and ABA-independent genes (DREB1A, DREB2A, DREB2B, GmDREB1, GmDREB2 and GmDREB3) in transgenic plants overexpressing GmNFYA5 were higher than those of wild-type plants under drought stress; suppression of GmNFYA5 transcript produced opposite results. GmNFYA5 probably regulated the transcript abundance of GmDREB2 and GmbZIP1 by binding to the promoters in vivo. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggested that overexpression of GmNFYA5 improved drought tolerance in soybean via both ABA-dependent and ABA-independent pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Jun Ma
- College of Agronomy, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030 China
- Institute of Crop Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS)/National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Triticeae Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing, 100081 China
| | - Tai-Fei Yu
- Institute of Crop Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS)/National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Triticeae Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing, 100081 China
| | - Xiao-Hui Li
- Crop Germplasm Resources Institute, Jilin Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Gongzhuling, 136100 China
| | - Xin-You Cao
- Crop Research Institute, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, National Engineering Laboratory for Wheat and Maize, Key Laboratory of Wheat Biology and Genetic Improvement, Jinan, 250100 China
| | - Jian Ma
- College of Agronomy, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118 China
| | - Jun Chen
- Institute of Crop Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS)/National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Triticeae Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing, 100081 China
| | - Yong-Bin Zhou
- Institute of Crop Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS)/National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Triticeae Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing, 100081 China
| | - Ming Chen
- Institute of Crop Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS)/National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Triticeae Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing, 100081 China
| | - You-Zhi Ma
- Institute of Crop Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS)/National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Triticeae Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing, 100081 China
| | - Jun-Hua Zhang
- College of Agronomy, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030 China
| | - Zhao-Shi Xu
- Institute of Crop Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS)/National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Triticeae Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing, 100081 China
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13
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Wang P, Zheng Y, Guo Y, Chen X, Sun Y, Yang J, Ye N. Identification, expression, and putative target gene analysis of nuclear factor-Y (NF-Y) transcription factors in tea plant (Camellia sinensis). PLANTA 2019; 250:1671-1686. [PMID: 31410553 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-019-03256-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2019] [Accepted: 08/06/2019] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Genome-wide identification and characterization of nuclear factor-Y family in tea plants, and their expression profiles and putative targets provide the basis for further elucidation of their biological functions. The nuclear factor-Y (NF-Y) transcription factors (TFs) are crucial regulators of plant growth and physiology. However, the NF-Y TFs in tea plant (Camellia sinensis) have not yet been elucidated, and its biological functions, especially the putative target genes within the genome range, are still unclear. In this study, we identified 35 CsNF-Y encoding genes in the tea plant genome, including 10 CsNF-YAs, 15 CsNF-YBs and 10 CsNF-YCs. Their conserved domains and motifs, phylogeny, duplication event, gene structure, and promoter were subsequently analyzed. Tissue expression analysis revealed that CsNF-Ys exhibited three distinct expression patterns in eight tea tree tissues, among which CsNF-YAs were moderately expressed. Drought and abscisic acid (ABA) treatment indicated that CsNF-YAs may have a greater impact than other subunit members. Furthermore, through the genome-wide investigation of the presence of the CCAAT box, we found that CsNF-Ys may participate in the development of tea plants by regulating target genes of multiple physiological pathways, including photosynthesis, chlorophyll metabolism, fatty acid biosynthesis, and amino acid metabolism pathways. Our findings will contribute to the functional analysis of NF-Y genes in woody plants and the cultivation of high-quality tea plant cultivars.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengjie Wang
- College of Horticulture, Key Laboratory of Tea Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, Fujian, China
| | - Yucheng Zheng
- College of Horticulture, Key Laboratory of Tea Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, Fujian, China
| | - Yongchun Guo
- College of Horticulture, Key Laboratory of Tea Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, Fujian, China
| | - Xuejin Chen
- College of Horticulture, Key Laboratory of Tea Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, Fujian, China
| | - Yun Sun
- College of Horticulture, Key Laboratory of Tea Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, Fujian, China
| | - Jiangfan Yang
- College of Horticulture, Key Laboratory of Tea Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, Fujian, China.
| | - Naixing Ye
- College of Horticulture, Key Laboratory of Tea Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, Fujian, China.
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14
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Maheshwari P, Kummari D, Palakolanu SR, Nagasai Tejaswi U, Nagaraju M, Rajasheker G, Jawahar G, Jalaja N, Rathnagiri P, Kavi Kishor PB. Genome-wide identification and expression profile analysis of nuclear factor Y family genes in Sorghum bicolor L. (Moench). PLoS One 2019; 14:e0222203. [PMID: 31536532 PMCID: PMC6752760 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0222203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2019] [Accepted: 08/24/2019] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Members of the plant Heme Activator Protein (HAP) or NUCLEAR FACTOR Y (NF-Y) are trimeric transcription factor complexes composed of the NF-YA, NF-YB and NF-YC subfamilies. They bind to the CCAAT box in the promoter regions of the target genes and regulate gene expressions. Plant NF-Ys were reported to be involved in adaptation to several abiotic stresses as well as in development. In silico analysis of Sorghum bicolor genome resulted in the identification of a total of 42 NF-Y genes, among which 8 code for the SbNF-YA, 19 for SbNF-YB and 15 for the SbNF-YC subunits. Analysis was also performed to characterize gene structures, chromosomal distribution, duplication status, protein subcellular localizations, conserved motifs, ancestral protein sequences, miRNAs and phylogenetic tree construction. Phylogenetic relationships and ortholog predictions displayed that sorghum has additional NF-YB genes with unknown functions in comparison with Arabidopsis. Analysis of promoters revealed that they harbour many stress-related cis-elements like ABRE and HSE, but surprisingly, DRE and MYB elements were not detected in any of the subfamilies. SbNF-YA1, 2, and 6 were found upregulated under 200 mM salt and 200 mM mannitol stresses. While NF-YA7 appeared associated with high temperature (40°C) stress, NF-YA8 was triggered by both cold (4°C) and high temperature stresses. Among NF-YB genes, 7, 12, 15, and 16 were induced under multiple stress conditions such as salt, mannitol, ABA, cold and high temperatures. Likewise, NF-YC 6, 11, 12, 14, and 15 were enhanced significantly in a tissue specific manner under multiple abiotic stress conditions. Majority of the mannitol (drought)-inducible genes were also induced by salt, high temperature stresses and ABA. Few of the high temperature stress-induced genes are also induced by cold stress (NF-YA2, 4, 6, 8, NF-YB2, 7, 10, 11, 12, 14, 16, 17, NF-YC4, 6, 12, and 13) thus suggesting a cross talk among them. This work paves the way for investigating the roles of diverse sorghum NF-Y proteins during abiotic stress responses and provides an insight into the evolution of diverse NF-Y members.
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Affiliation(s)
- P. Maheshwari
- Department of Genetics, Osmania University, Hyderabad, India
| | - Divya Kummari
- International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT), Patancheru, Hyderabad, India
| | - Sudhakar Reddy Palakolanu
- International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT), Patancheru, Hyderabad, India
| | - U. Nagasai Tejaswi
- Department of Biotechnology, Vignan’s Foundation for Science, Technology and Research, Vadlamudi, Guntur, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - M. Nagaraju
- Department of Genetics, Osmania University, Hyderabad, India
- Department of Biochemistry, ICMR-National Institute of Nutrition, Hyderabad, India
| | - G. Rajasheker
- Department of Genetics, Osmania University, Hyderabad, India
| | - G. Jawahar
- Department of Genetics, Osmania University, Hyderabad, India
| | - N. Jalaja
- Department of Biotechnology, Vignan’s Foundation for Science, Technology and Research, Vadlamudi, Guntur, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - P. Rathnagiri
- Genomix CARL Pvt. Ltd. Rayalapuram Road, Pulivendula, Kadapa, Andhra Pradesh, India
- Genomix Molecular Diagnostics Pvt Ltd., Kukatpally, Hyderabad, India
- Genomix Biotech Inc., Atlanta, GA, United States of America
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15
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Wang L, Xie J, Du Q, Song F, Xiao L, Quan M, Zhang D. Transcription factors involved in the regulatory networks governing the Calvin-Benson-Bassham cycle. TREE PHYSIOLOGY 2019; 39:1159-1172. [PMID: 30941430 DOI: 10.1093/treephys/tpz025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2019] [Revised: 02/18/2019] [Accepted: 03/31/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Transcription factors (TFs) play crucial roles in the regulation of photosynthesis; elucidating these roles will facilitate our understanding of photosynthesis and thus accelerate its improvement for enhancing crop yield. Promoter analysis of 52 nuclear-encoded Populus tomentosa Carr. genes involved in the Calvin-Benson-Bassham (CBB) cycle revealed 706 motifs and 326 potentially interacting TFs. A backward elimination random forest (BWERF) algorithm reduced the number of TFs to 40, involved in a three-layer gene regulatory network (GRN) including 46 photosynthesis genes (bottom layer), 25 TFs (second layer) and 15 TFs (top layer). Phenotype-genotype association identified 248 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) within 72 genes associated with 11 photosynthesis traits. Of the regulatory pairs identified by the BWERF (202 pairs), 77 TF-target combinations harbored SNPs associated with the same trait, supporting similar mechanisms of phenotype modulation. We used expression quantitative trait nucleotide (eQTN) analysis to identify causal SNPs affecting gene expression, identifying 1851 eQTN signals for 50 eGenes (genes whose expressions are regulated by eQTNs). Distribution patterns identified 14 eQTNs from seven TFs associated with eight expression levels of their downstream targets (defined in the GRN), whereas seven TF-target pairs were also identified by phenotype-genotype associations. To further validate the roles of TFs at the metabolic level, we selected 6764 SNPs from 55 genes (identified by GRN-association or GRN-eQTN pairs or both) for metabolic association, identifying variants within 10 TFs affecting metabolic processes underlying the CBB cycle. Our study provides new insights into the photosynthesis pathway in poplar and may facilitate understanding of processes underlying photosynthesis improvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Longxin Wang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Tree Breeding, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants, Ministry of Education, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Jianbo Xie
- National Engineering Laboratory for Tree Breeding, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants, Ministry of Education, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Qingzhang Du
- National Engineering Laboratory for Tree Breeding, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants, Ministry of Education, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Fangyuan Song
- National Engineering Laboratory for Tree Breeding, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants, Ministry of Education, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Liang Xiao
- National Engineering Laboratory for Tree Breeding, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants, Ministry of Education, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Mingyang Quan
- National Engineering Laboratory for Tree Breeding, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants, Ministry of Education, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Deqiang Zhang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Tree Breeding, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants, Ministry of Education, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
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16
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Wang R, Zhu L, Zhang Y, Fan J, Li L. Genome-wide analysis of poplar NF-YB gene family and identified PtNF-YB1 important in regulate flowering timing in transgenic plants. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2019; 19:251. [PMID: 31185907 PMCID: PMC6560884 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-019-1863-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2018] [Accepted: 06/03/2019] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Compared with annual herbaceous plants, woody perennials require a longer period of juvenile phase to flowering, and many traits can be only expressed in adulthood, which seriously makes the breeding efficiency of new varieties slower. For the study of poplar early flowering, the main focus is on the study Arabidopsis homologue gene CO/FT. Based on studies of Arabidopsis, rice and other plant species, some important research progress has been made on the regulation of flowering time by NF-Y subunits. However, little is known about the function of NF-Y regulating flowering in poplar. RESULTS In the present study, we have identified PtNF-YB family members in poplar and focus on the function of the PtNF-YB1 regulate flowering timing using transgenic Arabidopsis and tomato. To understand this mechanisms, the expression levels of three known flowering genes (CO, FT and SOC1) were examined with RT-PCR in transgenic Arabidopsis. We used the Y2H and BiFC to assay the interactions between PtNF-YB1 and PtCO (PtCO1 and PtCO2) proteins. Finally, the potential molecular mechanism model in which PtNF-YB1 play a role in regulating flowering in poplar was discussed. CONCLUSIONS In this study, we have characterized the poplar NF-YB gene family and confirmed the function of the PtNF-YB1 regulate flowering timing. At the same time, we found that the function of PtNF-YB1 to improve early flowering can overcome species barriers. Therefore, PtNF-YB1 can be used as a potential candidate gene to improve early flowering by genetic transformation in poplar and other crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rongkai Wang
- College of Forestry, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, China
| | - Ling Zhu
- College of Forestry, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- College of Forestry, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, China
| | - Junfeng Fan
- College of Forestry, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, China
| | - Lingli Li
- College of Forestry, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, China.
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17
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Shi C, Zhao L, Zhang X, Lv G, Pan Y, Chen F. Gene regulatory network and abundant genetic variation play critical roles in heading stage of polyploidy wheat. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2019; 19:6. [PMID: 30606101 PMCID: PMC6318890 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-018-1591-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2018] [Accepted: 12/05/2018] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The extensive adaptability of polyploidy wheat is attributed to its complex genome, and accurately controlling heading stage is a prime target in wheat breeding process. Wheat heading stage is an essential growth and development processes since it starts at a crucial point in the transition from vegetative phase to reproductive phase. MAIN BODY Heading stage is mainly decided by vernalization, photoperiod, hormone (like gibberellic acid, GA), and earliness per se (Eps). As a polyploidy species, common wheat possesses the abundant genetic variation, such as allelic variation, copy number variation etc., which have a strong effect on regulation of wheat growth and development. Therefore, understanding genetic manipulation of heading stage is pivotal for controlling the heading stage in wheat. In this review, we summarized the recent advances in the genetic regulatory mechanisms and abundant variation in genetic diversity controlling heading stage in wheat, as well as the interaction mechanism of different signals and the contribution of different genetic variation. We first summarized the genes involved in vernalization, photoperoid and other signals cross-talk with each other to control wheat heading stage, then the abundant genetic variation related to signal components associated with wheat heading stage was also elaborated in detail. CONCLUSION Our knowledge of the regulatory network of wheat heading can be used to adjust the duration of the growth phase for the purpose of acclimatizing to different geographical environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaonan Shi
- National Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science/Agronomy College, Henan Agricultural University, 15 Longzihu College District, Zhengzhou, 450046 China
| | - Lei Zhao
- National Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science/Agronomy College, Henan Agricultural University, 15 Longzihu College District, Zhengzhou, 450046 China
| | - Xiangfen Zhang
- National Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science/Agronomy College, Henan Agricultural University, 15 Longzihu College District, Zhengzhou, 450046 China
| | - Guoguo Lv
- National Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science/Agronomy College, Henan Agricultural University, 15 Longzihu College District, Zhengzhou, 450046 China
| | - Yubo Pan
- National Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science/Agronomy College, Henan Agricultural University, 15 Longzihu College District, Zhengzhou, 450046 China
| | - Feng Chen
- National Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science/Agronomy College, Henan Agricultural University, 15 Longzihu College District, Zhengzhou, 450046 China
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18
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Yadav SK, Khatri K, Rathore MS, Jha B. Introgression of UfCyt c 6, a thylakoid lumen protein from a green seaweed Ulva fasciata Delile enhanced photosynthesis and growth in tobacco. Mol Biol Rep 2018; 45:1745-1758. [PMID: 30159639 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-018-4318-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2018] [Accepted: 08/16/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Cytochromes are important components of photosynthetic electron transport chain. Here we report on genetic transformation of Cytochrome c6 (UfCyt c6) gene from Ulva fasciata Delile in tobacco for enhanced photosynthesis and growth. UfCyt c6 cDNA had an open reading frame of 330 bp encoding a polypeptide of 109 amino acids with a predicted molecular mass of 11.65 kDa and an isoelectric point of 5.21. UfCyt c6 gene along with a tobacco petE transit peptide sequence under control of CaMV35S promoter was transformed in tobacco through Agrobacterium mediated genetic transformation. Transgenic tobacco grew normal and exhibited enhanced growth as compared to wild type (WT) and vector control (VC) tobacco. Transgenic tobacco had higher contents of photosynthetic pigments and better ratios of photosynthetic pigments. The tobacco expressing UfCyt c6 gene exhibited higher photosynthetic rate and improved water use efficiency. Further activity of the water-splitting complex, photosystem II quantum yield, photochemical quenching, electron transfer rate, and photosynthetic yield were found comparatively higher in transgenic tobacco as compared to WT and VC tobacco. Alternatively basal quantum yield of non-photochemical processes in PSII and non-photochemical quenching were estimated lower in tobacco expressing UfCyt c6 gene. As a result of improved photosynthetic performance the transgenic tobacco had higher contents of sugar and starch, and exhibited comparatively better growth. To the best of our knowledge this is the first report on expression of UfCyt c6 gene from U. fasciata for improved photosynthesis and growth in tobacco.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sweta K Yadav
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, CSIR, New Delhi, India
| | - Kusum Khatri
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, CSIR, New Delhi, India
| | - Mangal S Rathore
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, CSIR, New Delhi, India.
- Division of Biotechnology and Phycology, CSIR-Central Salt and Marine Chemicals Research Institute (CSIR-CSMCRI), Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), G.B. Marg, Bhavnagar, Gujarat, 364002, India.
| | - Bhavanath Jha
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, CSIR, New Delhi, India.
- Division of Biotechnology and Phycology, CSIR-Central Salt and Marine Chemicals Research Institute (CSIR-CSMCRI), Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), G.B. Marg, Bhavnagar, Gujarat, 364002, India.
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19
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Wang L, Du Q, Xie J, Zhou D, Chen B, Yang H, Zhang D. Genetic variation in transcription factors and photosynthesis light-reaction genes regulates photosynthetic traits. TREE PHYSIOLOGY 2018; 38:1871-1885. [PMID: 30032300 DOI: 10.1093/treephys/tpy079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2018] [Accepted: 06/19/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Transcription factors (TFs) play crucial roles in regulating the production of the components required for photosynthesis; elucidating the mechanisms by which underlying genetic variation in TFs affects complex photosynthesis-related traits may improve our understanding of photosynthesis and identify ways to improve photosynthetic efficiency. Promoter analysis of 96 nuclear-encoded Populus tomentosa Carr. genes within this pathway revealed 47 motifs responsive to light, stress, hormones and organ-specific regulation, as well as 86 TFs that might bind these motifs. Using phenotype-genotype associations, we identified 244 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) within 105 genes associated with 12 photosynthesis-related traits. Most (30.33%) of these SNPs were located in intronic regions and these SNPs explained 18.66% of the mean phenotypic variation in the photosynthesis-related traits. Additionally, expression quantitative trait loci (eQTL) mapping identified 216 eQTLs associated with 110 eGenes (genes regulated by eQTLs), explaining 14.12% of the variability of gene expression. The lead SNPs of 12.04% of the eQTLs also contributed to phenotypic variation. Among these, a SNP in zf-Dof 5.6 (G120_9287) affected photosynthesis by modulating the expression of a sub-regulatory network of eight other TFs, which in turn regulate 55 photosynthesis-related genes. Furthermore, epistasis analysis identified a large interacting network representing 732 SNP-SNP pairs, of which 354 were photosynthesis gene-TF pairs, emphasizing the important roles of TFs in affecting photosynthesis-related traits. We combined eQTL and epistasis analysis and found 32 TFs harboring eQTLs being epistatic to their targets (identified by eQTL analysis), of which 15 TFs were also associated with photosynthesis traits. We therefore constructed a schematic model of TFs involved in regulating the photosynthetic light reaction pathway. Taken together, our results provide insight into the genetic regulation of photosynthesis, and may drive progress in the marker-assisted selection of desirable P. tomentosa genotypes with more efficient photosynthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Longxin Wang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Tree Breeding, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants, Ministry of Education, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Qingzhang Du
- National Engineering Laboratory for Tree Breeding, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants, Ministry of Education, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Jianbo Xie
- National Engineering Laboratory for Tree Breeding, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants, Ministry of Education, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Daling Zhou
- National Engineering Laboratory for Tree Breeding, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants, Ministry of Education, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Beibei Chen
- National Engineering Laboratory for Tree Breeding, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants, Ministry of Education, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Haijiao Yang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Tree Breeding, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants, Ministry of Education, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Deqiang Zhang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Tree Breeding, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants, Ministry of Education, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
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20
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Quan S, Niu J, Zhou L, Xu H, Ma L, Qin Y. Identification and characterization of NF-Y gene family in walnut (Juglans regia L.). BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2018; 18:255. [PMID: 30352551 PMCID: PMC6199752 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-018-1459-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2018] [Accepted: 10/03/2018] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The eukaryotic transcription factor NF-Y (which consists of NF-YA, NF-YB and NF-YC subunits) is involved in many important plant development processes. There are many reports about the NF-Y family in Arabidopsis and other plant species. However, there are no reports about the NF-Y family in walnut (Juglans regia L.). RESULTS Thirty-three walnut NF-Y genes (JrNF-Ys) were identified and mapped on the walnut genome. The JrNF-Y gene family consisted of 17 NF-YA genes, 9 NF-YB genes, and 7 NF-YC genes. The structural features of the JrNF-Y genes were investigated by comparing their evolutionary relationship and motif distributions. The comparisons indicated the NF-Y gene structure was both conserved and altered during evolution. Functional prediction and protein interaction analysis were performed by comparing the JrNF-Y protein structure with that in Arabidopsis. Two differentially expressed JrNF-Y genes were identified. Their expression was compared with that of three JrCOs and two JrFTs using quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR). The results revealed that the expression of JrCO2 was positively correlated with the expression of JrNF-YA11 and JrNF-YA12. In contrast, JrNF-CO1 and JrNF-YA12 were negatively correlated. CONCLUSIONS Thirty-three JrNF-Ys were identified and their evolutionary, structure, biological function and expression pattern were analyzed. Two of the JrNF-Ys were screened out, their expression was differentially expressed in different development periods of female flower buds, and in different tissues (female flower buds and leaf buds). Based on prediction and experimental data, JrNF-Ys may be involved in flowering regulation by co-regulate the expression of flowering genes with other transcription factors (TFs). The results of this study may make contribution to the further investigation of JrNF-Y family.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaowen Quan
- Department of Horticulture, College of Agriculture, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang, 832003 China
- Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps Key Laboratory of Special Fruits and Vegetables Cultivation Physiology and Germplasm Resources Utilization, Shihezi, Xinjiang, 832003 China
| | - Jianxin Niu
- Department of Horticulture, College of Agriculture, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang, 832003 China
- Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps Key Laboratory of Special Fruits and Vegetables Cultivation Physiology and Germplasm Resources Utilization, Shihezi, Xinjiang, 832003 China
| | - Li Zhou
- Department of Horticulture, College of Agriculture, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang, 832003 China
- Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps Key Laboratory of Special Fruits and Vegetables Cultivation Physiology and Germplasm Resources Utilization, Shihezi, Xinjiang, 832003 China
| | - Hang Xu
- Department of Horticulture, College of Agriculture, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang, 832003 China
- Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps Key Laboratory of Special Fruits and Vegetables Cultivation Physiology and Germplasm Resources Utilization, Shihezi, Xinjiang, 832003 China
| | - Li Ma
- Department of Horticulture, College of Agriculture, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang, 832003 China
- Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps Key Laboratory of Special Fruits and Vegetables Cultivation Physiology and Germplasm Resources Utilization, Shihezi, Xinjiang, 832003 China
| | - Yang Qin
- Department of Horticulture, College of Agriculture, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang, 832003 China
- Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps Key Laboratory of Special Fruits and Vegetables Cultivation Physiology and Germplasm Resources Utilization, Shihezi, Xinjiang, 832003 China
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21
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Pereira SLS, Martins CPS, Sousa AO, Camillo LR, Araújo CP, Alcantara GM, Camargo DS, Cidade LC, de Almeida AAF, Costa MGC. Genome-wide characterization and expression analysis of citrus NUCLEAR FACTOR-Y (NF-Y) transcription factors identified a novel NF-YA gene involved in drought-stress response and tolerance. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0199187. [PMID: 29906271 PMCID: PMC6003680 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0199187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2018] [Accepted: 06/01/2018] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Nuclear factor Y (NF-Y) is a ubiquitous transcription factor found in eukaryotes. It is composed of three distinct subunits called NF-YA, NF-YB and NF-YC. NF-Ys have been identified as key regulators of multiple pathways in the control of development and tolerance to biotic and abiotic factors. The present study aimed to identify and characterize the complete repertoire of genes coding for NF-Y in citrus, as well as to perform the functional characterization of one of its members, namely CsNFYA5, in transgenic tobacco plants. A total of 22 genes coding for NF-Y were identified in the genomes of sweet orange (Citrus sinensis) and Clementine mandarin (C. clementina), including six CsNF-YAs, 11 CsNF-YBs and five CsNF-YCs. Phylogenetic analyses showed that there is a NF-Y orthologous in the Clementine genome for each sweet orange NF-Y gene; this was not observed when compared to Arabidopsis thaliana. CsNF-Y proteins shared the same conserved domains with their orthologous proteins in other organisms, including mouse. Analysis of gene expression by RNA-seq and EST data demonstrated that CsNF-Ys have a tissue-specific and stress inducible expression profile. qRT-PCR analysis revealed that CsNF-YA5 exhibits differential expression in response to water deficit in leaves and roots of citrus plants. Overexpression of CsNF-YA5 in transgenic tobacco plants contributed to the reduction of H2O2 production under dehydration conditions and increased plant growth and photosynthetic rate under normal conditions and drought stress. These biochemical and physiological responses to drought stress promoted by CsNF-YA5 may confer a productivity advantage in environments with frequent short-term soil water deficit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suzam L. S. Pereira
- Centro de Biotecnologia e Genética, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz, Ilhéus, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Cristina P. S. Martins
- Centro de Biotecnologia e Genética, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz, Ilhéus, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Aurizangela O. Sousa
- Centro de Biotecnologia e Genética, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz, Ilhéus, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Luciana R. Camillo
- Centro de Biotecnologia e Genética, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz, Ilhéus, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Caroline P. Araújo
- Centro de Biotecnologia e Genética, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz, Ilhéus, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Grazielle M. Alcantara
- Centro de Biotecnologia e Genética, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz, Ilhéus, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Danielle S. Camargo
- Centro de Biotecnologia e Genética, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz, Ilhéus, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Luciana C. Cidade
- Centro de Biotecnologia e Genética, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz, Ilhéus, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Alex-Alan F. de Almeida
- Centro de Biotecnologia e Genética, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz, Ilhéus, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Marcio G. C. Costa
- Centro de Biotecnologia e Genética, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz, Ilhéus, Bahia, Brazil
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22
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Radchuk V, Tran V, Radchuk R, Diaz-Mendoza M, Weier D, Fuchs J, Riewe D, Hensel G, Kumlehn J, Munz E, Heinzel N, Rolletschek H, Martinez M, Borisjuk L. Vacuolar processing enzyme 4 contributes to maternal control of grain size in barley by executing programmed cell death in the pericarp. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2018; 218:1127-1142. [PMID: 28836669 DOI: 10.1111/nph.14729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2017] [Accepted: 06/25/2017] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
The angiosperm embryo and endosperm are limited in space because they grow inside maternal seed tissues. The elimination of cell layers of the maternal seed coat by programmed cell death (PCD) could provide space and nutrition to the filial organs. Using the barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) seed as a model, we elucidated the role of vacuolar processing enzyme 4 (VPE4) in cereals by using an RNAi approach and targeting the enzymatic properties of the recombinant protein. A comparative characterization of transgenic versus wild-type plants included transcriptional and metabolic profiling, flow cytometry, histology and nuclear magnetic imaging of grains. The recombinant VPE4 protein exhibited legumain and caspase-1 properties in vitro. Pericarp disintegration was delayed in the transgenic grains. Although the VPE4 gene and enzymatic activity was decreased in the early developing pericarp, storage capacity and the size of the endosperm and embryo were reduced in the mature VPE4-repressed grains. The persistence of the pericarp in the VPE4-affected grains constrains endosperm and embryo growth and leads to transcriptional reprogramming, perturbations in signalling and adjustments in metabolism. We conclude that VPE4 expression executes PCD in the pericarp, which is required for later endosperm filling, and argue for a role of PCD in maternal control of seed size in cereals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Volodymyr Radchuk
- Leibniz-Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK), Corrensstrasse 3, 06466, Gatersleben, Germany
| | - Van Tran
- Leibniz-Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK), Corrensstrasse 3, 06466, Gatersleben, Germany
| | - Ruslana Radchuk
- Leibniz-Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK), Corrensstrasse 3, 06466, Gatersleben, Germany
| | - Mercedes Diaz-Mendoza
- Centro de Biotecnologia y Genomica de Plantas, Universidad Politecnica de Madrid (UPM), Instituto Nacional de Investigacion y Tecnologia Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA), Campus Montegancedo, Pozuelo de Alarcon, Madrid, 28223, Spain
| | - Diana Weier
- Leibniz-Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK), Corrensstrasse 3, 06466, Gatersleben, Germany
| | - Joerg Fuchs
- Leibniz-Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK), Corrensstrasse 3, 06466, Gatersleben, Germany
| | - David Riewe
- Leibniz-Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK), Corrensstrasse 3, 06466, Gatersleben, Germany
| | - Goetz Hensel
- Leibniz-Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK), Corrensstrasse 3, 06466, Gatersleben, Germany
| | - Jochen Kumlehn
- Leibniz-Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK), Corrensstrasse 3, 06466, Gatersleben, Germany
| | - Eberhard Munz
- Leibniz-Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK), Corrensstrasse 3, 06466, Gatersleben, Germany
| | - Nicolas Heinzel
- Leibniz-Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK), Corrensstrasse 3, 06466, Gatersleben, Germany
| | - Hardy Rolletschek
- Leibniz-Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK), Corrensstrasse 3, 06466, Gatersleben, Germany
| | - Manuel Martinez
- Centro de Biotecnologia y Genomica de Plantas, Universidad Politecnica de Madrid (UPM), Instituto Nacional de Investigacion y Tecnologia Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA), Campus Montegancedo, Pozuelo de Alarcon, Madrid, 28223, Spain
| | - Ljudmilla Borisjuk
- Leibniz-Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK), Corrensstrasse 3, 06466, Gatersleben, Germany
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23
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New insights into the impacts of elevated CO 2, nitrogen, and temperature levels on the regulation of C and N metabolism in durum wheat using network analysis. N Biotechnol 2017; 40:192-199. [PMID: 28827159 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbt.2017.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2016] [Revised: 06/28/2017] [Accepted: 08/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The use of correlation networks and hierarchical cluster analysis provides a framework to organize and study the coordination of parameters such as genes, metabolites, proteins and physiological parameters. We have analyzed 142 traits from primary C and N metabolism, including biochemical and gene expression analyses, in a range of 32 different growth conditions (various [CO2] levels, temperatures, N supplies, growth stages and experimental methods). To test the integration of primary metabolism, particularly under climate change, we investigated which C and N metabolic traits and transcript levels are correlated in durum wheat flag leaves using a correlation network and a hierarchical cluster analysis. There was a high amount of positive correlation between traits involved in a wide range of biological processes, suggesting a close and intricate coordination between C-N metabolisms at the biochemical and transcriptional levels. Transcript levels for genes related to N uptake and assimilation were especially coexpressed with genes belonging to the respiratory pathway, highlighting the coordination between the synthesis of organic N compounds and provision of energy and C skeletons. Also involved in this coordination were Rubisco and nitrate reductase activities, which play a key role in the regulation of plant metabolism. Carbohydrate accumulation was linked with a down-regulation of photosynthetic and N metabolism genes and nitrate reductase activity. Based on the degree of connectivity between nodes, network exploration facilitated the identification of some traits that may be biologically relevant during plant abiotic stress tolerance, as most of them are involved in limiting steps of plant metabolism.
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24
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Xuanyuan G, Lu C, Zhang R, Jiang J. Overexpression of StNF-YB3.1 reduces photosynthetic capacity and tuber production, and promotes ABA-mediated stomatal closure in potato (Solanum tuberosum L.). PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2017; 261:50-59. [PMID: 28554693 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2017.04.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2017] [Revised: 04/27/2017] [Accepted: 04/28/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Nuclear factor Y (NF-Y) is one of the most ubiquitous transcription factors (TFs), comprising NF-YA, NF-YB and NF-YC subunits, and has been identified and reported in various aspects of development for plants and animals. In this work, StNF-YB3.1, a putative potato NF-YB subunit encoding gene, was isolated from Solanum tuberosum by rapid amplification of cDNA ends (RACE). Overexpression of StNF-YB3.1 in potato (cv. Atlantic) resulted in accelerated onset of flowering, and significant increase in leaf chlorophyll content in field trials. However, transgenic potato plants overexpressing StNF-YB3.1 (OEYB3.1) showed significant decreases in photosynthetic rate and stomatal conductance both at tuber initiation and bulking stages. OEYB3.1 lines were associated with significantly fewer tuber numbers and yield reduction. Guard cell size and stomatal density were not changed in OEYB3.1 plants, whereas ABA-mediated stomatal closure was accelerated compared to that of wild type plants because of the up-regulation of genes for ABA signaling, such as StCPK10-like, StSnRK2.6/OST1-like, StSnRK2.7-like and StSLAC1-like. We speculate that the acceleration of stomatal closure was a possible reason for the significantly decreased stomatal conductance and photosynthetic rate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guochao Xuanyuan
- Inner Mongolia Potato Engineering and Technology Research Centre, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot 010021, China
| | - Congming Lu
- Photosynthesis Research Center, Key Laboratory of Photobiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
| | - Ruofang Zhang
- Inner Mongolia Potato Engineering and Technology Research Centre, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot 010021, China.
| | - Jiming Jiang
- Department of Horticulture, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA.
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25
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Nadolska-Orczyk A, Rajchel IK, Orczyk W, Gasparis S. Major genes determining yield-related traits in wheat and barley. TAG. THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS. THEORETISCHE UND ANGEWANDTE GENETIK 2017; 130:1081-1098. [PMID: 28314933 PMCID: PMC5440550 DOI: 10.1007/s00122-017-2880-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2016] [Accepted: 02/17/2017] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Current development of advanced biotechnology tools allows us to characterize the role of key genes in plant productivity. The implementation of this knowledge in breeding strategies might accelerate the progress in obtaining high-yielding cultivars. The achievements of the Green Revolution were based on a specific plant ideotype, determined by a single gene involved in gibberellin signaling or metabolism. Compared with the 1950s, an enormous increase in our knowledge about the biological basis of plant productivity has opened new avenues for novel breeding strategies. The large and complex genomes of diploid barley and hexaploid wheat represent a great challenge, but they also offer a large reservoir of genes that can be targeted for breeding. We summarize examples of productivity-related genes/mutants in wheat and barley, identified or characterized by means of modern biology. The genes are classified functionally into several groups, including the following: (1) transcription factors, regulating spike development, which mainly affect grain number; (2) genes involved in metabolism or signaling of growth regulators-cytokinins, gibberellins, and brassinosteroids-which control plant architecture and in consequence stem hardiness and grain yield; (3) genes determining cell division and proliferation mainly impacting grain size; (4) floral regulators influencing inflorescence architecture and in consequence seed number; and (5) genes involved in carbohydrate metabolism having an impact on plant architecture and grain yield. The implementation of selected genes in breeding programs is discussed, considering specific genotypes, agronomic and climate conditions, and taking into account that many of the genes are members of multigene families.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Nadolska-Orczyk
- Department of Functional Genomics, Plant Breeding and Acclimatization Institute - National Research Institute, Radzikow, 05-870, Blonie, Poland.
| | - Izabela K Rajchel
- Department of Functional Genomics, Plant Breeding and Acclimatization Institute - National Research Institute, Radzikow, 05-870, Blonie, Poland
| | - Wacław Orczyk
- Department of Genetic Engineering, Plant Breeding and Acclimatization Institute - National Research Institute, Radzikow, 05-870, Blonie, Poland
| | - Sebastian Gasparis
- Department of Functional Genomics, Plant Breeding and Acclimatization Institute - National Research Institute, Radzikow, 05-870, Blonie, Poland
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26
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Adachi S, Yoshikawa K, Yamanouchi U, Tanabata T, Sun J, Ookawa T, Yamamoto T, Sage RF, Hirasawa T, Yonemaru J. Fine Mapping of Carbon Assimilation Rate 8, a Quantitative Trait Locus for Flag Leaf Nitrogen Content, Stomatal Conductance and Photosynthesis in Rice. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2017; 8:60. [PMID: 28197156 PMCID: PMC5282472 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2017.00060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2016] [Accepted: 01/11/2017] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Increasing the rate of leaf photosynthesis is one important approach for increasing grain yield in rice (Oryza sativa). Exploiting the natural variation in CO2 assimilation rate (A) between rice cultivars using quantitative genetics is one promising means to identify genes contributing to higher photosynthesis. In this study, we determined precise location of Carbon Assimilation Rate 8 (CAR8) by crossing a high-yielding indica cultivar with a Japanese commercial cultivar. Fine mapping suggested that CAR8 encodes a putative Heme Activator Protein 3 (OsHAP3) subunit of a CCAAT-box-binding transcription factor called OsHAP3H. Sequencing analysis revealed that the indica allele of CAR8 has a 1-bp deletion at 322 bp from the start codon, resulting in a truncated protein of 125 amino acids. In addition, CAR8 is identical to DTH8/Ghd8/LHD1, which was reported to control rice flowering date. The increase of A is largely due to an increase of RuBP regeneration rate via increased leaf nitrogen content, and partially explained by reduced stomatal limitation via increased stomatal conductance relative to A. This allele also increases hydraulic conductivity, which would promote higher stomatal conductance. This indicates that CAR8 affects multiple physiological aspects relating to photosynthesis. The detailed analysis of molecular functions of CAR8 would help to understand the association between photosynthesis and flowering and demonstrate specific genetic mechanisms that can be exploited to improve photosynthesis in rice and potentially other crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shunsuke Adachi
- Department of Biological Production Science, Graduate School of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and TechnologyFuchu, Japan
- Institute of Global Innovation Research, Tokyo University of Agriculture and TechnologyFuchu, Japan
- Precursory Research for Embryonic Science and Technology, Japan Science and Technology AgencyKawaguchi, Japan
| | - Kazuaki Yoshikawa
- Department of Biological Production Science, Graduate School of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and TechnologyFuchu, Japan
| | - Utako Yamanouchi
- Institute of Crop Science, National Agriculture and Food Research OrganizationTsukuba, Japan
| | - Takanari Tanabata
- Department of Frontier Research, Kazusa DNA Research InstituteKisarazu, Japan
| | - Jian Sun
- Institute of Crop Science, National Agriculture and Food Research OrganizationTsukuba, Japan
- Rice Research Institute, Shenyang Agricultural UniversityShenyang, China
| | - Taiichiro Ookawa
- Department of Biological Production Science, Graduate School of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and TechnologyFuchu, Japan
- Institute of Global Innovation Research, Tokyo University of Agriculture and TechnologyFuchu, Japan
| | - Toshio Yamamoto
- Institute of Crop Science, National Agriculture and Food Research OrganizationTsukuba, Japan
| | - Rowan F. Sage
- Institute of Global Innovation Research, Tokyo University of Agriculture and TechnologyFuchu, Japan
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of TorontoToronto, ON, Canada
| | - Tadashi Hirasawa
- Department of Biological Production Science, Graduate School of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and TechnologyFuchu, Japan
- Institute of Global Innovation Research, Tokyo University of Agriculture and TechnologyFuchu, Japan
| | - Junichi Yonemaru
- Institute of Crop Science, National Agriculture and Food Research OrganizationTsukuba, Japan
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27
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Grandellis C, Giammaria V, Fantino E, Cerrudo I, Bachmann S, Santin F, Ulloa RM. Transcript profiling reveals that cysteine protease inhibitors are up-regulated in tuber sprouts after extended darkness. Funct Integr Genomics 2016; 16:399-418. [PMID: 27075731 DOI: 10.1007/s10142-016-0492-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2015] [Revised: 03/29/2016] [Accepted: 03/31/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) tubers are an excellent staple food due to its high nutritional value. When the tuber reaches physiological competence, sprouting proceeds accompanied by changes at mRNA and protein levels. Potato tubers become a source of carbon and energy until sprouts are capable of independent growth. Transcript profiling of sprouts grown under continuous light or dark conditions was performed using the TIGR 10K EST Solanaceae microarray. The profiles analyzed show a core of highly expressed transcripts that are associated to the reactivation of growth. Under light conditions, the photosynthetic machinery was fully activated; the highest up-regulation was observed for the Rubisco activase (RCA), the glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH), and the Photosystem II 22 kDa protein (CP22) genes, among others. On the other hand, sprouts exposed to continuous darkness elongate longer, and after extended darkness, synthesis of chloroplast components was repressed, the expression of proteases was reduced while genes encoding cysteine protease inhibitors (CPIs) and metallocarboxypeptidase inhibitors (MPIs) were strongly induced. Northern blot and RT-PCR analysis confirmed that MPI levels correlated with the length of the dark period; however, CPI expression was strong only after longer periods of darkness, suggesting a feedback loop (regulation mechanism) in response to dark-induced senescence. Prevention of cysteine protease activity in etiolated sprouts exposed to extended darkness could delay senescence until they emerge to light.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Grandellis
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Ingeniería Genética y Biología Molecular (INGEBI), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Vuelta de Obligado 2490 2nd piso, C1428ADN, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Rosario, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (IBR-CONICET) Ocampo y Esmeralda, Rosario, Argentina
| | - Veronica Giammaria
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Ingeniería Genética y Biología Molecular (INGEBI), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Vuelta de Obligado 2490 2nd piso, C1428ADN, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Elisa Fantino
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Ingeniería Genética y Biología Molecular (INGEBI), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Vuelta de Obligado 2490 2nd piso, C1428ADN, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Ignacio Cerrudo
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Ingeniería Genética y Biología Molecular (INGEBI), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Vuelta de Obligado 2490 2nd piso, C1428ADN, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Instituto de Investigaciones Fisiológicas y Ecológicas Vinculadas a la Agricultura (IFEVA), Universidad de Buenos Aires, and Instituto de Investigaciones Biotecnológicas, Universidad Nacional de San Martín, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Av. San Martín 4453, C1417DSE, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Instituto de Biotecnología (IB), Universidad Nacional de Hurlingham, Av. Vergara 2222, Villa Tesei, Hurlingham, B1688GEZ, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Sandra Bachmann
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Ingeniería Genética y Biología Molecular (INGEBI), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Vuelta de Obligado 2490 2nd piso, C1428ADN, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Franco Santin
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Ingeniería Genética y Biología Molecular (INGEBI), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Vuelta de Obligado 2490 2nd piso, C1428ADN, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Rita M Ulloa
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Ingeniería Genética y Biología Molecular (INGEBI), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Vuelta de Obligado 2490 2nd piso, C1428ADN, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
- Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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Yamaoka C, Suzuki Y, Makino A. Differential Expression of Genes of the Calvin-Benson Cycle and its Related Genes During Leaf Development in Rice. PLANT & CELL PHYSIOLOGY 2016; 57:115-124. [PMID: 26615032 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcv183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2015] [Accepted: 11/01/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
To understand how the machinery for photosynthetic carbon assimilation is formed and maintained during leaf development, changes in the mRNA levels of the Calvin-Benson cycle enzymes, ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (Rubisco) activase and two key enzymes for sucrose synthesis were determined in rice (Oryza sativa L.). According to the patterns of changes in the mRNA levels, these genes were categorized into three groups. Group 1 included most of the genes involved in the carboxylation and reduction phases of the Calvin-Benson cycle, as well as three genes in the regeneration phase. The mRNA levels increased and reached maxima during leaf expansion and then rapidly declined, although there were some variations in the residual mRNA levels in senescent leaves. Group 2 included a number of genes involved in the regeneration phase, one gene in the reduction phase of the Calvin-Benson cycle and one gene in sucrose synthesis. The mRNA levels increased and almost reached maxima before full expansion and then gradually declined. Group 3 included Rubisco activase, one gene involved in the regeneration phase and one gene in sucrose synthesis. The overall pattern was similar to that in group 2 genes except that the mRNA levels reached maxima after the stage of full expansion. Thus, genes of the Calvin-Benson cycle and its related genes were differentially expressed during leaf development in rice, suggesting that such differential gene expression is necessary for formation and maintenance of the machinery of photosynthetic carbon assimilation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chihiro Yamaoka
- Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, 1-1 Tsutsumidori-Amamiyamachi, Sendai, 981-8555 Japan
| | - Yuji Suzuki
- Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, 1-1 Tsutsumidori-Amamiyamachi, Sendai, 981-8555 Japan
| | - Amane Makino
- Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, 1-1 Tsutsumidori-Amamiyamachi, Sendai, 981-8555 Japan CREST, JST, Gobancho, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, 102-0076 Japan
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Palmeros-Suárez PA, Massange-Sánchez JA, Martínez-Gallardo NA, Montero-Vargas JM, Gómez-Leyva JF, Délano-Frier JP. The overexpression of an Amaranthus hypochondriacus NF-YC gene modifies growth and confers water deficit stress resistance in Arabidopsis. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2015; 240:25-40. [PMID: 26475185 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2015.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2015] [Revised: 08/12/2015] [Accepted: 08/14/2015] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Nuclear factor-Y (NF-Y), is a plant heterotrimeric transcription factor constituted by NF-YA, NF-YB and NF-YC subunits. The function of many NF-Y subunits, mostly of the A and B type, has been studied in plants, but knowledge regarding the C subunit remains fragmentary. Here, a water stress-induced NF-YC gene from Amaranthus hypochondriacus (AhNF-YC) was further characterized by its overexpression in transgenic Arabidospis thaliana plants. A role in development was inferred from modified growth rates in root, rosettes and inflorescences recorded in AhNF-YC overexpressing Arabidopsis plants, in addition to a delayed onset of flowering. Also, the overexpression of AhNF-YC caused increased seedling sensitivity to abscisic acid (ABA), and influenced the expression of several genes involved in secondary metabolism, development and ABA-related responses. An altered expression of the latter in water stressed and recovered transgenic plants, together with the observed increase in ABA sensitivity, suggested that their increased water stress resistance was partly ABA-dependent. An untargeted metabolomic analysis also revealed an altered metabolite pattern, both in normal and water stress/recovery conditions. These results suggest that AhNF-YC may play an important regulatory role in both development and stress, and represents a candidate gene for the engineering of abiotic stress resistance in commercial crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola A Palmeros-Suárez
- Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del I. P. N. (Cinvestav), Unidad Irapuato, Km 9.6 del Libramiento Norte Carretera Irapuato-León, Apartado Postal 629, C.P. 36821 Irapuato, Guanajuato, Mexico
| | - Julio A Massange-Sánchez
- Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del I. P. N. (Cinvestav), Unidad Irapuato, Km 9.6 del Libramiento Norte Carretera Irapuato-León, Apartado Postal 629, C.P. 36821 Irapuato, Guanajuato, Mexico
| | - Norma A Martínez-Gallardo
- Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del I. P. N. (Cinvestav), Unidad Irapuato, Km 9.6 del Libramiento Norte Carretera Irapuato-León, Apartado Postal 629, C.P. 36821 Irapuato, Guanajuato, Mexico
| | - Josaphat M Montero-Vargas
- Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del I. P. N. (Cinvestav), Unidad Irapuato, Km 9.6 del Libramiento Norte Carretera Irapuato-León, Apartado Postal 629, C.P. 36821 Irapuato, Guanajuato, Mexico
| | - Juan F Gómez-Leyva
- Laboratorio de Biología Molecular, Instituto Tecnológico de Tlajomulco, Jalisco (ITTJ), Km 10 Carretera a San Miguel Cuyutlán, C.P. 45640 Tlajomulco de Zúñiga, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - John P Délano-Frier
- Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del I. P. N. (Cinvestav), Unidad Irapuato, Km 9.6 del Libramiento Norte Carretera Irapuato-León, Apartado Postal 629, C.P. 36821 Irapuato, Guanajuato, Mexico.
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Yadav D, Shavrukov Y, Bazanova N, Chirkova L, Borisjuk N, Kovalchuk N, Ismagul A, Parent B, Langridge P, Hrmova M, Lopato S. Constitutive overexpression of the TaNF-YB4 gene in transgenic wheat significantly improves grain yield. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2015; 66:6635-6650. [PMID: 26220082 PMCID: PMC4623681 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erv370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Heterotrimeric nuclear factors Y (NF-Ys) are involved in regulation of various vital functions in all eukaryotic organisms. Although a number of NF-Y subunits have been characterized in model plants, only a few have been functionally evaluated in crops. In this work, a number of genes encoding NF-YB and NF-YC subunits were isolated from drought-tolerant wheat (Triticum aestivum L. cv. RAC875), and the impact of the overexpression of TaNF-YB4 in the Australian wheat cultivar Gladius was investigated. TaNF-YB4 was isolated as a result of two consecutive yeast two-hybrid (Y2H) screens, where ZmNF-YB2a was used as a starting bait. A new NF-YC subunit, designated TaNF-YC15, was isolated in the first Y2H screen and used as bait in a second screen, which identified two wheat NF-YB subunits, TaNF-YB2 and TaNF-YB4. Three-dimensional modelling of a TaNF-YB2/TaNF-YC15 dimer revealed structural determinants that may underlie interaction selectivity. The TaNF-YB4 gene was placed under the control of the strong constitutive polyubiquitin promoter from maize and introduced into wheat by biolistic bombardment. The growth and yield components of several independent transgenic lines with up-regulated levels of TaNF-YB4 were evaluated under well-watered conditions (T1-T3 generations) and under mild drought (T2 generation). Analysis of T2 plants was performed in large deep containers in conditions close to field trials. Under optimal watering conditions, transgenic wheat plants produced significantly more spikes but other yield components did not change. This resulted in a 20-30% increased grain yield compared with untransformed control plants. Under water-limited conditions transgenic lines maintained parity in yield performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dinesh Yadav
- University of Adelaide, Australian Centre for Plant Functional Genomics, Urrbrae SA 5064, Australia
| | - Yuri Shavrukov
- University of Adelaide, Australian Centre for Plant Functional Genomics, Urrbrae SA 5064, Australia
| | - Natalia Bazanova
- University of Adelaide, Australian Centre for Plant Functional Genomics, Urrbrae SA 5064, Australia
| | - Larissa Chirkova
- University of Adelaide, Australian Centre for Plant Functional Genomics, Urrbrae SA 5064, Australia
| | - Nikolai Borisjuk
- University of Adelaide, Australian Centre for Plant Functional Genomics, Urrbrae SA 5064, Australia
| | - Nataliya Kovalchuk
- University of Adelaide, Australian Centre for Plant Functional Genomics, Urrbrae SA 5064, Australia
| | - Ainur Ismagul
- University of Adelaide, Australian Centre for Plant Functional Genomics, Urrbrae SA 5064, Australia
| | - Boris Parent
- University of Adelaide, Australian Centre for Plant Functional Genomics, Urrbrae SA 5064, Australia
| | - Peter Langridge
- University of Adelaide, Australian Centre for Plant Functional Genomics, Urrbrae SA 5064, Australia
| | - Maria Hrmova
- University of Adelaide, Australian Centre for Plant Functional Genomics, Urrbrae SA 5064, Australia
| | - Sergiy Lopato
- University of Adelaide, Australian Centre for Plant Functional Genomics, Urrbrae SA 5064, Australia
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Zhang T, Zhang D, Liu Y, Luo C, Zhou Y, Zhang L. Overexpression of a NF-YB3 transcription factor from Picea wilsonii confers tolerance to salinity and drought stress in transformed Arabidopsis thaliana. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2015; 94:153-64. [PMID: 26093308 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2015.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2015] [Revised: 04/16/2015] [Accepted: 05/02/2015] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Nuclear factor Y (NF-Y) is a highly conserved transcription factor comprising NF-YA, NF-YB and NF-YC subunits. To date, the roles of NF-Y subunit in plant still remain elusive. In this study, a subunit NF-YB (PwNF-YB3), was isolated from Picea wilsonii Mast. and its role was studied. PwNF-YB3 transcript was detected in all vegetative and reproductive tissues with higher levels in stem and root and was greatly induced by salinity, heat and PEG but not by cold and ABA treatment. Over-expression of PwNF-YB3 in Arabidopsis showed a significant acceleration in the onset of flowering and resulted in more vigorous seed germination and significant tolerance for seedlings under salinity, drought and osmotic stress compared with wild type plants. Transcription levels of salinity-responsive gene (SOS3) and drought-induced gene (CDPK1) were substantially higher in transgenic Arabidopsis than in wild-type plants. Importantly, CBF pathway markers (COR15B, KIN1, LEA76), but not ABA pathway markers CBF4, were greatly induced under condition of drought. The nuclear localization showed that NF-YB3 acted as a transcription factor. Taken together, the data provide evidence that PwNF-YB3 positively confers significant tolerance to salt, osmotic and drought stress in transformed Arabidopsis plants probably through modulating gene regulation in CBF-dependent pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tong Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Forest Silviculture and Conservation of the Ministry of Education, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, PR China
| | - Dun Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Forest Silviculture and Conservation of the Ministry of Education, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, PR China
| | - Yajing Liu
- Key Laboratory of Forest Silviculture and Conservation of the Ministry of Education, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, PR China
| | - Chaobing Luo
- Key Laboratory of Forest Silviculture and Conservation of the Ministry of Education, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, PR China
| | - Yanni Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Forest Silviculture and Conservation of the Ministry of Education, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, PR China
| | - Lingyun Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Forest Silviculture and Conservation of the Ministry of Education, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, PR China.
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Vicente R, Pérez P, Martínez-Carrasco R, Usadel B, Kostadinova S, Morcuende R. Quantitative RT-PCR Platform to Measure Transcript Levels of C and N Metabolism-Related Genes in Durum Wheat: Transcript Profiles in Elevated [CO2] and High Temperature at Different Levels of N Supply. PLANT & CELL PHYSIOLOGY 2015; 56:1556-73. [PMID: 26063390 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcv079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2014] [Accepted: 05/28/2015] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Only limited public transcriptomics resources are available for durum wheat and its responses to environmental changes. We developed a quantitative reverse transcription-PCR (qRT-PCR) platform for analysing the expression of primary C and N metabolism genes in durum wheat in leaves (125 genes) and roots (38 genes), based on available bread wheat genes and the identification of orthologs of known genes in other species. We also assessed the expression stability of seven reference genes for qRT-PCR under varying environments. We therefore present a functional qRT-PCR platform for gene expression analysis in durum wheat, and suggest using the ADP-ribosylation factor as a reference gene for qRT-PCR normalization. We investigated the effects of elevated [CO(2)] and temperature at two levels of N supply on C and N metabolism by combining gene expression analysis, using our qRT-PCR platform, with biochemical and physiological parameters in durum wheat grown in field chambers. Elevated CO(2) down-regulated the photosynthetic capacity and led to the loss of N compounds, including Rubisco; this effect was exacerbated at low N. Mechanistically, the reduction in photosynthesis and N levels could be associated with a decreased transcription of the genes involved in photosynthesis and N assimilation. High temperatures increased stomatal conductance, and thus did not inhibit photosynthesis, even though Rubisco protein and activity, soluble protein, leaf N, and gene expression for C fixation and N assimilation were down-regulated. Under a future scenario of climate change, the extent to which C fixation capacity and N assimilation are down-regulated will depend upon the N supply.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rubén Vicente
- Institute of Natural Resources and Agrobiology of Salamanca, CSIC, Cordel de Merinas 40-52, Salamanca, 37008 Spain
| | - Pilar Pérez
- Institute of Natural Resources and Agrobiology of Salamanca, CSIC, Cordel de Merinas 40-52, Salamanca, 37008 Spain
| | - Rafael Martínez-Carrasco
- Institute of Natural Resources and Agrobiology of Salamanca, CSIC, Cordel de Merinas 40-52, Salamanca, 37008 Spain
| | - Björn Usadel
- Institute for Biology 1, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, D-52062 Germany IBG-2: Plant Sciences, Institute of Bio- and Geosciences, Forschungszentrum Jülich, Leo-Brandt-Straße, Jülich, D-52425 Germany
| | - Svetla Kostadinova
- Institute of Natural Resources and Agrobiology of Salamanca, CSIC, Cordel de Merinas 40-52, Salamanca, 37008 Spain Present address: Department of Agrochemistry and Soil Science, Agricultural University, 12 Mendeleev Street, Plovdiv, 4004 Bulgaria
| | - Rosa Morcuende
- Institute of Natural Resources and Agrobiology of Salamanca, CSIC, Cordel de Merinas 40-52, Salamanca, 37008 Spain
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Identification and characterization of NF-YB family genes in tung tree. Mol Genet Genomics 2015; 290:2187-98. [PMID: 26037219 DOI: 10.1007/s00438-015-1073-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2015] [Accepted: 05/21/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
The NF-YB transcription factor gene family encodes a subunit of the CCAAT box-binding factor (CBF), a highly conserved trimeric activator that strongly binds to the CCAAT box promoter element. Studies on model plants have shown that NF-YB proteins participate in important developmental and physiological processes, but little is known about NF-YB proteins in trees. Here, we identified seven NF-YB transcription factor-encoding genes in Vernicia fordii, an important oilseed tree in China. A phylogenetic analysis separated the genes into two groups; non-LEC1 type (VfNF-YB1, 5, 7, 9, 11, 13) and LEC1-type (VfNF-YB 14). A gene structure analysis showed that VfNF-YB 5 has three introns and the other genes have no introns. The seven VfNF-YB sequences contain highly conserved domains, a disordered region at the N terminus, and two long helix structures at the C terminus. Phylogenetic analyses showed that VfNF-YB family genes are highly homologous to GmNF-YB genes, and many of them are closely related to functionally characterized NF-YBs. In expression analyses of various tissues (root, stem, leaf, and kernel) and the root during pathogen infection, VfNF-YB1, 5, and 11 were dominantly expressed in kernels, and VfNF-YB7 and 9 were expressed only in the root. Different VfNF-YB family genes showed different responses to pathogen infection, suggesting that they play different roles in the pathogen response. Together, these findings represent the first extensive evaluation of the NF-YB family in tung tree and provide a foundation for dissecting the functions of VfNF-YB genes in seed development, stress adaption, fatty acid synthesis, and pathogen response.
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Quach TN, Nguyen HTM, Valliyodan B, Joshi T, Xu D, Nguyen HT. Genome-wide expression analysis of soybean NF-Y genes reveals potential function in development and drought response. Mol Genet Genomics 2015; 290:1095-115. [PMID: 25542200 PMCID: PMC4435856 DOI: 10.1007/s00438-014-0978-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2014] [Accepted: 12/10/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Nuclear factor-Y (NF-Y), a heterotrimeric transcription factor, is composed of NF-YA, NF-YB and NF-YC proteins. In plants, there are usually more than 10 genes for each family and their members have been identified to be key regulators in many developmental and physiological processes controlling gametogenesis, embryogenesis, nodule development, seed development, abscisic acid (ABA) signaling, flowering time, primary root elongation, blue light responses, endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress response and drought tolerance. Taking the advantages of the recent soybean genome draft and information on functional characterizations of nuclear factor Y (NF-Y) transcription factor family in plants, we identified 21 GmNF-YA, 32 GmNF-YB, and 15 GmNF-YC genes in the soybean (Glycine max) genome. Phylogenetic analyses show that soybean's proteins share strong homology to Arabidopsis and many of them are closely related to functionally characterized NF-Y in plants. Expression analysis in various tissues of flower, leaf, root, seeds of different developmental stages, root hairs under rhizobium inoculation, and drought-treated roots and leaves revealed that certain groups of soybean NF-Y are likely involved in specific developmental and stress responses. This study provides extensive evaluation of the soybean NF-Y family and is particularly useful for further functional characterization of GmNF-Y proteins in seed development, nodulation and drought adaptation of soybean.
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Affiliation(s)
- Truyen N. Quach
- Division of Plant Sciences and National Center for Soybean Biotechnology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211 USA
- Present Address: Field Crop Research Institute, Vietnam Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Hanh T. M. Nguyen
- Division of Plant Sciences and National Center for Soybean Biotechnology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211 USA
- Present Address: The Center for Plant Science Innovation, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE USA
| | - Babu Valliyodan
- Division of Plant Sciences and National Center for Soybean Biotechnology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211 USA
| | - Trupti Joshi
- Department of Computer Science, Christopher S. Bond Life Sciences Center, National Center for Soybean Biotechnology and Informatics Institute, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO USA
| | - Dong Xu
- Department of Computer Science, Christopher S. Bond Life Sciences Center, National Center for Soybean Biotechnology and Informatics Institute, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO USA
| | - Henry T. Nguyen
- Division of Plant Sciences and National Center for Soybean Biotechnology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211 USA
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Nagahatenna DSK, Langridge P, Whitford R. Tetrapyrrole-based drought stress signalling. PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL 2015; 13:447-59. [PMID: 25756609 PMCID: PMC5054908 DOI: 10.1111/pbi.12356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2014] [Revised: 01/05/2015] [Accepted: 01/31/2015] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Tetrapyrroles such as chlorophyll and heme play a vital role in primary plant metabolic processes such as photosynthesis and respiration. Over the past decades, extensive genetic and molecular analyses have provided valuable insights into the complex regulatory network of the tetrapyrrole biosynthesis. However, tetrapyrroles are also implicated in abiotic stress tolerance, although the mechanisms are largely unknown. With recent reports demonstrating that modified tetrapyrrole biosynthesis in plants confers wilting avoidance, a component physiological trait to drought tolerance, it is now timely that this pathway be reviewed in the context of drought stress signalling. In this review, the significance of tetrapyrrole biosynthesis under drought stress is addressed, with particular emphasis on the inter-relationships with major stress signalling cascades driven by reactive oxygen species (ROS) and organellar retrograde signalling. We propose that unlike the chlorophyll branch, the heme branch of the pathway plays a key role in mediating intracellular drought stress signalling and stimulating ROS detoxification under drought stress. Determining how the tetrapyrrole biosynthetic pathway is involved in stress signalling provides an opportunity to identify gene targets for engineering drought-tolerant crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dilrukshi S. K. Nagahatenna
- Australian Centre for Plant Functional GenomicsSchool of Agriculture, Food and WineUniversity of AdelaideGlen OsmondSAAustralia
| | - Peter Langridge
- Australian Centre for Plant Functional GenomicsSchool of Agriculture, Food and WineUniversity of AdelaideGlen OsmondSAAustralia
| | - Ryan Whitford
- Australian Centre for Plant Functional GenomicsSchool of Agriculture, Food and WineUniversity of AdelaideGlen OsmondSAAustralia
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Qu B, He X, Wang J, Zhao Y, Teng W, Shao A, Zhao X, Ma W, Wang J, Li B, Li Z, Tong Y. A wheat CCAAT box-binding transcription factor increases the grain yield of wheat with less fertilizer input. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2015; 167:411-23. [PMID: 25489021 PMCID: PMC4326744 DOI: 10.1104/pp.114.246959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2014] [Accepted: 12/04/2014] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Increasing fertilizer consumption has led to low fertilizer use efficiency and environmental problems. Identifying nutrient-efficient genes will facilitate the breeding of crops with improved fertilizer use efficiency. This research performed a genome-wide sequence analysis of the A (NFYA), B (NFYB), and C (NFYC) subunits of Nuclear Factor Y (NF-Y) in wheat (Triticum aestivum) and further investigated their responses to nitrogen and phosphorus availability in wheat seedlings. Sequence mining together with gene cloning identified 18 NFYAs, 34 NFYBs, and 28 NFYCs. The expression of most NFYAs positively responded to low nitrogen and phosphorus availability. In contrast, microRNA169 negatively responded to low nitrogen and phosphorus availability and degraded NFYAs. Overexpressing TaNFYA-B1, a low-nitrogen- and low-phosphorus-inducible NFYA transcript factor on chromosome 6B, significantly increased both nitrogen and phosphorus uptake and grain yield under differing nitrogen and phosphorus supply levels in a field experiment. The increased nitrogen and phosphorus uptake may have resulted from the fact that that overexpressing TaNFYA-B1 stimulated root development and up-regulated the expression of both nitrate and phosphate transporters in roots. Our results suggest that TaNFYA-B1 plays essential roles in root development and in nitrogen and phosphorus usage in wheat. Furthermore, our results provide new knowledge and valuable gene resources that should be useful in efforts to breed crops targeting high yield with less fertilizer input.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baoyuan Qu
- State Key Laboratory for Plant Cell and Chromosome Engineering (B.Q., X.H., Y.Z., W.T., A.S., X.Z., W.M., Ju.W., B.L., Z.L., Y.T.) and National Center for Plant Gene Research (Ji.W.), Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Xue He
- State Key Laboratory for Plant Cell and Chromosome Engineering (B.Q., X.H., Y.Z., W.T., A.S., X.Z., W.M., Ju.W., B.L., Z.L., Y.T.) and National Center for Plant Gene Research (Ji.W.), Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Jing Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Plant Cell and Chromosome Engineering (B.Q., X.H., Y.Z., W.T., A.S., X.Z., W.M., Ju.W., B.L., Z.L., Y.T.) and National Center for Plant Gene Research (Ji.W.), Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Yanyan Zhao
- State Key Laboratory for Plant Cell and Chromosome Engineering (B.Q., X.H., Y.Z., W.T., A.S., X.Z., W.M., Ju.W., B.L., Z.L., Y.T.) and National Center for Plant Gene Research (Ji.W.), Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Wan Teng
- State Key Laboratory for Plant Cell and Chromosome Engineering (B.Q., X.H., Y.Z., W.T., A.S., X.Z., W.M., Ju.W., B.L., Z.L., Y.T.) and National Center for Plant Gene Research (Ji.W.), Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - An Shao
- State Key Laboratory for Plant Cell and Chromosome Engineering (B.Q., X.H., Y.Z., W.T., A.S., X.Z., W.M., Ju.W., B.L., Z.L., Y.T.) and National Center for Plant Gene Research (Ji.W.), Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Xueqiang Zhao
- State Key Laboratory for Plant Cell and Chromosome Engineering (B.Q., X.H., Y.Z., W.T., A.S., X.Z., W.M., Ju.W., B.L., Z.L., Y.T.) and National Center for Plant Gene Research (Ji.W.), Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Wenying Ma
- State Key Laboratory for Plant Cell and Chromosome Engineering (B.Q., X.H., Y.Z., W.T., A.S., X.Z., W.M., Ju.W., B.L., Z.L., Y.T.) and National Center for Plant Gene Research (Ji.W.), Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Junyi Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Plant Cell and Chromosome Engineering (B.Q., X.H., Y.Z., W.T., A.S., X.Z., W.M., Ju.W., B.L., Z.L., Y.T.) and National Center for Plant Gene Research (Ji.W.), Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Bin Li
- State Key Laboratory for Plant Cell and Chromosome Engineering (B.Q., X.H., Y.Z., W.T., A.S., X.Z., W.M., Ju.W., B.L., Z.L., Y.T.) and National Center for Plant Gene Research (Ji.W.), Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Zhensheng Li
- State Key Laboratory for Plant Cell and Chromosome Engineering (B.Q., X.H., Y.Z., W.T., A.S., X.Z., W.M., Ju.W., B.L., Z.L., Y.T.) and National Center for Plant Gene Research (Ji.W.), Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Yiping Tong
- State Key Laboratory for Plant Cell and Chromosome Engineering (B.Q., X.H., Y.Z., W.T., A.S., X.Z., W.M., Ju.W., B.L., Z.L., Y.T.) and National Center for Plant Gene Research (Ji.W.), Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
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Alam MM, Tanaka T, Nakamura H, Ichikawa H, Kobayashi K, Yaeno T, Yamaoka N, Shimomoto K, Takayama K, Nishina H, Nishiguchi M. Overexpression of a rice heme activator protein gene (OsHAP2E) confers resistance to pathogens, salinity and drought, and increases photosynthesis and tiller number. PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL 2015; 13:85-96. [PMID: 25168932 DOI: 10.1111/pbi.12239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2014] [Revised: 06/30/2014] [Accepted: 07/06/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Heme activator protein (HAP), also known as nuclear factor Y or CCAAT binding factor (HAP/NF-Y/CBF), has important functions in regulating plant growth, development and stress responses. The expression of rice HAP gene (OsHAP2E) was induced by probenazole (PBZ), a chemical inducer of disease resistance. To characterize the gene, the chimeric gene (OsHAP2E::GUS) engineered to carry the structural gene encoding β-glucuronidase (GUS) driven by the promoter from OsHAP2E was introduced into rice. The transgenic lines of OsHAP2Ein::GUS with the intron showed high GUS activity in the wounds and surrounding tissues. When treated by salicylic acid (SA), isonicotinic acid (INA), abscisic acid (ABA) and hydrogen peroxide (H2 O2 ), the lines showed GUS activity exclusively in vascular tissues and mesophyll cells. This activity was enhanced after inoculation with Magnaporthe oryzae or Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae. The OsHAP2E expression level was also induced after inoculation of rice with M. oryzae and X. oryzae pv. oryzae and after treatment with SA, INA, ABA and H2 O2, respectively. We further produced transgenic rice overexpressing OsHAP2E. These lines conferred resistance to M. oryzae or X. oryzae pv. oryzae and to salinity and drought. Furthermore, they showed a higher photosynthetic rate and an increased number of tillers. Microarray analysis showed up-regulation of defence-related genes. These results suggest that this gene could contribute to conferring biotic and abiotic resistances and increasing photosynthesis and tiller numbers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Mahfuz Alam
- Faculty of Agriculture, United Graduate School of Agricultural Sciences, Ehime University, Matsuyama, Ehime, Japan
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Feng ZJ, He GH, Zheng WJ, Lu PP, Chen M, Gong YM, Ma YZ, Xu ZS. Foxtail Millet NF-Y Families: Genome-Wide Survey and Evolution Analyses Identified Two Functional Genes Important in Abiotic Stresses. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2015; 6:1142. [PMID: 26734043 PMCID: PMC4687410 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2015.01142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2015] [Accepted: 12/01/2015] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
It was reported that Nuclear Factor Y (NF-Y) genes were involved in abiotic stress in plants. Foxtail millet (Setaria italica), an elite stress tolerant crop, provided an impetus for the investigation of the NF-Y families in abiotic responses. In the present study, a total of 39 NF-Y genes were identified in foxtail millet. Synteny analyses suggested that foxtail millet NF-Y genes had experienced rapid expansion and strong purifying selection during the process of plant evolution. De novo transcriptome assembly of foxtail millet revealed 11 drought up-regulated NF-Y genes. SiNF-YA1 and SiNF-YB8 were highly activated in leaves and/or roots by drought and salt stresses. Abscisic acid (ABA) and H2O2 played positive roles in the induction of SiNF-YA1 and SiNF-YB8 under stress treatments. Transient luciferase (LUC) expression assays revealed that SiNF-YA1 and SiNF-YB8 could activate the LUC gene driven by the tobacco (Nicotiana tobacam) NtERD10, NtLEA5, NtCAT, NtSOD, or NtPOD promoter under normal or stress conditions. Overexpression of SiNF-YA1 enhanced drought and salt tolerance by activating stress-related genes NtERD10 and NtCAT1 and by maintaining relatively stable relative water content (RWC) and contents of chlorophyll, superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD), catalase (CAT) and malondialdehyde (MDA) in transgenic lines under stresses. SiNF-YB8 regulated expression of NtSOD, NtPOD, NtLEA5, and NtERD10 and conferred relatively high RWC and chlorophyll contents and low MDA content, resulting in drought and osmotic tolerance in transgenic lines under stresses. Therefore, SiNF-YA1 and SiNF-YB8 could activate stress-related genes and improve physiological traits, resulting in tolerance to abiotic stresses in plants. All these results will facilitate functional characterization of foxtail millet NF-Ys in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Juan Feng
- Institute of Crop Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS)/National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Triticeae Crops, Ministry of AgricultureBeijing, China
- Institute of Vegetables, Zhejiang Academy of AgricultureHangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Guan-Hua He
- Institute of Crop Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS)/National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Triticeae Crops, Ministry of AgricultureBeijing, China
| | - Wei-Jun Zheng
- College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F UniversityYangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Pan-Pan Lu
- Institute of Crop Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS)/National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Triticeae Crops, Ministry of AgricultureBeijing, China
| | - Ming Chen
- Institute of Crop Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS)/National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Triticeae Crops, Ministry of AgricultureBeijing, China
| | - Ya-Ming Gong
- Institute of Vegetables, Zhejiang Academy of AgricultureHangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - You-Zhi Ma
- Institute of Crop Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS)/National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Triticeae Crops, Ministry of AgricultureBeijing, China
- *Correspondence: You-Zhi Ma
| | - Zhao-Shi Xu
- Institute of Crop Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS)/National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Triticeae Crops, Ministry of AgricultureBeijing, China
- Zhao-Shi Xu
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Mittal A, Gampala SSL, Ritchie GL, Payton P, Burke JJ, Rock CD. Related to ABA-Insensitive3(ABI3)/Viviparous1 and AtABI5 transcription factor coexpression in cotton enhances drought stress adaptation. PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL 2014; 12:578-89. [PMID: 24483851 PMCID: PMC4043863 DOI: 10.1111/pbi.12162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2013] [Revised: 11/24/2013] [Accepted: 12/02/2013] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Drought tolerance is an important trait being pursued by the agbiotech industry. Abscisic acid (ABA) is a stress hormone that mediates a multitude of processes in growth and development, water use efficiency (WUE) and gene expression during seed development and in response to environmental stresses. Arabidopsis B3-domain transcription factor Related to ABA-Insensitive3 (ABI3)/Viviparous1 (namely AtRAV2) and basic leucine zipper (bZIPs) AtABI5 or AtABF3 transactivated ABA-inducible promoter:GUS reporter expression in a maize mesophyll protoplast transient assay and showed synergies in reporter transactivation when coexpressed. Transgenic cotton (Gossypium hirsutum) expressing AtRAV1/2 and/or AtABI5 showed resistance to imposed drought stress under field and greenhouse conditions and exhibited improved photosynthesis and WUEs associated with absorption through larger root system and greater leaf area. We observed synergy for root biomass accumulation in the greenhouse, intrinsic WUE in the field and drought tolerance in stacked AtRAV and AtABI5 double-transgenic cotton. We assessed AtABI5 and AtRAV1/2 involvement in drought stress adaptations through reactive oxygen species scavenging and osmotic adjustment by marker gene expression in cotton. Deficit irrigation-grown AtRAV1/2 and AtABI5 transgenics had 'less-stressed' molecular and physiological phenotypes under drought, likely due to improved photoassimilation and root and shoot sink strengths and enhanced expression of endogenous GhRAV and genes for antioxidant and osmolyte biosynthesis. Overexpression of bZIP and RAV TFs could impact sustainable cotton agriculture and potentially other crops under limited irrigation conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amandeep Mittal
- Department of Biological Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock TX 79409-3131
| | | | - Glen L. Ritchie
- Department of Plant and Soil Science, Texas Tech University, Lubbock TX 79409-2122
| | - Paxton Payton
- USDA-ARS Plant Stress and Germplasm Lab, Lubbock, TX 79415
| | - John J. Burke
- USDA-ARS Plant Stress and Germplasm Lab, Lubbock, TX 79415
| | - Christopher D. Rock
- Department of Biological Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock TX 79409-3131
- The author responsible for distribution of materials integral to the findings presented in this article is: (). Ph. (806) 742-3722 x271; fax (806) 742-2963
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Liang M, Yin X, Lin Z, Zheng Q, Liu G, Zhao G. Identification and characterization of NF-Y transcription factor families in Canola (Brassica napus L.). PLANTA 2014; 239:107-26. [PMID: 24097262 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-013-1964-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2013] [Accepted: 09/16/2013] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
NF-Y (NUCLEAR FACTOR-Y), a heterotrimeric transcription factor, is composed of NF-YA, NF-YB, and NF-YC proteins in yeast, animal, and plant systems. In plants, each of the NF-YA/B/C subunit forms a multi-member family. NF-Ys are key regulators with important roles in many physiological processes, such as drought tolerance, flowering time, and seed development. In this study, we identified, annotated, and further characterized 14 NF-YA, 14 NF-YB, and 5 NF-YC proteins in Brassica napus (canola). Phylogenetic analysis revealed that the NF-YA/B/C subunits were more closely clustered with the Arabidopsis thaliana (Arabidopsis) homologs than with rice OsHAP2/3/5 subunits. Analyses of the conserved domain indicated that the BnNF-YA/B/C subfamilies, respectively, shared the same conserved domains with those in other organisms, including Homo sapiens, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Arabidopsis, and Oryza sativa (rice). An examination of exon/intron structures revealed that most gene structures of BnNF-Y were similar to their homologs in Arabidopsis, a model dicot plant, but different from those in the model monocot plant rice, suggesting that plant NF-Ys diverged before monocot and dicot plants differentiated. Spatial-tempo expression patterns, as determined by qRT-PCR, showed that most BnNF-Ys were widely expressed in different tissues throughout the canola life cycle and that several closely related BnNF-Y subunits had similar expression profiles. Based on these findings, we predict that BnNF-Y proteins have functions that are conserved in the homologous proteins in other plants. This study provides the first extensive evaluation of the BnNF-Y family, and provides a useful foundation for dissecting the functions of BnNF-Y.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingxiang Liang
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Tongwei Road 6, Xuanwu District, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu Province, China,
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Han X, Tang S, An Y, Zheng DC, Xia XL, Yin WL. Overexpression of the poplar NF-YB7 transcription factor confers drought tolerance and improves water-use efficiency in Arabidopsis. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2013; 64:4589-601. [PMID: 24006421 PMCID: PMC3808328 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/ert262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Water deficit is a serious environmental factor limiting the growth and productivity of plants worldwide. Improvement of drought tolerance and efficient water use are significant strategies to overcome this dilemma. In this study, a drought-responsive transcription factor, nuclear factor Y subunit B 7 (PdNF-YB7), induced by osmotic stress (PEG6000) and abscisic acid, was isolated from fast-growing poplar clone NE-19 [Populus nigra × (Populus deltoides × Populus nigra)]. Ectopic overexpression of PdNF-YB7 (oxPdB7) in Arabidopsis enhanced drought tolerance and whole-plant and instantaneous leaf water-use efficiency (WUE, the ratio of biomass produced to water consumed). Overexpressing lines had an increase in germination rate and root length and decrease in water loss and displayed higher photosynthetic rate, instantaneous leaf WUE, and leaf water potential to exhibit enhanced drought tolerance under water scarcity. Additionally, overexpression of PdNF-YB7 in Arabidopsis improved whole-plant WUE by increasing carbon assimilation and reducing transpiration with water abundance. These drought-tolerant, higher WUE transgenic Arabidopsis had earlier seedling establishment and higher biomass than controls under normal and drought conditions. In contrast, Arabidopsis mutant nf-yb3 was more sensitive to drought stress with lower WUE. However, complementation analysis indicated that complementary lines (nf-yb3/PdB7) had almost the same drought response and WUE as wild-type Col-0. Taken together, these results suggest that PdNF-YB7 positively confers drought tolerance and improves WUE in Arabidopsis; thus it could potentially be used in breeding drought-tolerant plants with increased production even under water deficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Han
- * These authors contributed equally to this manuscript
| | - Sha Tang
- * These authors contributed equally to this manuscript
| | | | | | - Xin-Li Xia
- To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: and
| | - Wei-Lun Yin
- To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: and
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Li L, Yu Y, Wei J, Huang G, Zhang D, Liu Y, Zhang L. Homologous HAP5 subunit from Picea wilsonii improved tolerance to salt and decreased sensitivity to ABA in transformed Arabidopsis. PLANTA 2013; 238:345-356. [PMID: 23703145 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-013-1894-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2013] [Accepted: 04/24/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
HAP is a ubiquitous transcription factor family which consists of three distinct subunits, namely HAP2, HAP3, and HAP5. Among them, HAP2 and HAP3 subunits have been reported to be involved in plant response to abiotic stress. Here, a HAP5 subunit was identified from Picea wilsonii Mast. and transformed to Arabidopsis to investigate its functions in plant stress response. We found that transformed Arabidopsis with over-expressing PwHAP5 exhibited higher seed germination under salinity, osmotic and abscisic acid (ABA) stress treatment compared to Col-0 plants. The seedlings of transformed Arabidopsis also showed improved tolerance to salinity and decreased sensitivity to ABA treatment. Over-expression of PwHAP5 in Arabidopsis athap5 mutant rescued partly tolerance to NaCl, mannitol and ABA treatment. Furthermore, we examined transcription levels of several stress-related genes in transformed seedlings. Among them, mRNA expression levels of COR15a, KIN1, DREB2A, and RD29A genes were substantially higher in transformed Arabidopsis than those in wild-type (Col-0) plants. Therefore, our data revealed that PwHAP5 plays positive roles in response to salinity, osmotic and ABA stress at different developmental stages in plants, respectively, via possibly regulating stress-related genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingli Li
- Key Laboratory of Forest Silviculture and Conservation of the Ministry of Education, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
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Laloum T, De Mita S, Gamas P, Baudin M, Niebel A. CCAAT-box binding transcription factors in plants: Y so many? TRENDS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2013; 18:157-66. [PMID: 22939172 DOI: 10.1016/j.tplants.2012.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 127] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2012] [Revised: 07/25/2012] [Accepted: 07/28/2012] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Transcription factors belonging to the CCAAT-box binding factor family (also known as the Nuclear Factor Y) are present in all higher eukaryotes. Studies in plants have revealed that each subunit of this heterotrimeric transcription factor is encoded by a gene belonging to a multigene family allowing a considerable modularity. In this review, we focus on recent findings concerning the expression patterns and potential functions of different members of these NF-Y protein families using a phylogenetic approach. During the course of evolution plant CCAAT-box binding factors seem to have diversified into at least two main groups. The first group has more general expression patterns and/or functions whereas the second group has acquired more specific expression patterns and/or functions and could play key roles in specific pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tom Laloum
- INRA, Laboratoire des Interactions Plantes-Microorganismes (LIPM), UMR441, F-31326 Castanet-Tolosan, France
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Petroni K, Kumimoto RW, Gnesutta N, Calvenzani V, Fornari M, Tonelli C, Holt BF, Mantovani R. The promiscuous life of plant NUCLEAR FACTOR Y transcription factors. THE PLANT CELL 2012; 24:4777-92. [PMID: 23275578 PMCID: PMC3556957 DOI: 10.1105/tpc.112.105734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 210] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2012] [Revised: 11/23/2012] [Accepted: 12/10/2012] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
The CCAAT box is one of the most common cis-elements present in eukaryotic promoters and is bound by the transcription factor NUCLEAR FACTOR Y (NF-Y). NF-Y is composed of three subunits, NF-YA, NF-YB, and NF-YC. Unlike animals and fungi, plants have significantly expanded the number of genes encoding NF-Y subunits. We provide a comprehensive classification of NF-Y genes, with a separation of closely related, but distinct, histone fold domain proteins. We additionally review recent experiments that have placed NF-Y at the center of many developmental stress-responsive processes in the plant lineage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katia Petroni
- Dipartimento di Bioscienze, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Celoria 26, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - Roderick W. Kumimoto
- Department of Microbiology and Plant Biology, University of Oklahoma, Norman, Oklahoma 73019
| | - Nerina Gnesutta
- Dipartimento di Bioscienze, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Celoria 26, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - Valentina Calvenzani
- Dipartimento di Bioscienze, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Celoria 26, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - Monica Fornari
- Dipartimento di Bioscienze, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Celoria 26, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - Chiara Tonelli
- Dipartimento di Bioscienze, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Celoria 26, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - Ben F. Holt
- Department of Microbiology and Plant Biology, University of Oklahoma, Norman, Oklahoma 73019
| | - Roberto Mantovani
- Dipartimento di Bioscienze, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Celoria 26, 20133, Milan, Italy
- Address correspondence to
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Li C, Distelfeld A, Comis A, Dubcovsky J. Wheat flowering repressor VRN2 and promoter CO2 compete for interactions with NUCLEAR FACTOR-Y complexes. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2011; 67:763-73. [PMID: 21554456 PMCID: PMC4765905 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-313x.2011.04630.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
The transition from vegetative to reproductive development in the temperate cereals is mainly regulated by seasonal cues including vernalization (determined mainly by VRN1 and VRN2 genes) and photoperiod (determined mainly by PPD1 and CO2 genes). The wheat VRN3 gene, which is similar to Arabidopsis FT, plays a central role in the integration of the competing signals from these two pathways. Under long days, VRN3 transcription is down-regulated by VRN2, a unique flowering repressor in cereals, and up-regulated by CO2. Overexpression of VRN3 overcomes VRN2 repression and promotes VRN1 transcription and flowering initiation. Using yeast two- and three-hybrid assays we show here that the CCT domains present in VRN2 and CO2 proteins interact with the same subset of eight NF-Y proteins, and that these CCT proteins compete with NF-YA for interactions with NF-YB proteins. We have confirmed all these interactions in vitro, and the interactions between VRN2 and two of the three NF-YB proteins were further confirmed in planta. In addition, we show that mutations in the CCT domain of VRN2 that eliminate the vernalization requirement in winter wheat also reduce the strength of the interactions between VRN2 and NF-Y proteins, and the ability of VRN2 to compete with CO2. Taken together, our results suggest that the interactions between CCT and NF-Y proteins play an important role in the integration of the vernalization and photoperiod seasonal signals, and provide a flexible combinatorial system to integrate multiple developmental and environmental signals in the regulation of flowering initiation in the temperate cereals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengxia Li
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
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Cao S, Kumimoto RW, Siriwardana CL, Risinger JR, Holt BF. Identification and characterization of NF-Y transcription factor families in the monocot model plant Brachypodium distachyon. PLoS One 2011; 6:e21805. [PMID: 21738795 PMCID: PMC3128097 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0021805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2011] [Accepted: 06/07/2011] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Nuclear Factor Y (NF-Y) is a heterotrimeric transcription factor composed of NF-YA, NF-YB and NF-YC proteins. Using the dicot plant model system Arabidopsis thaliana (Arabidopsis), NF-Y were previously shown to control a variety of agronomically important traits, including drought tolerance, flowering time, and seed development. The aim of the current research was to identify and characterize NF-Y families in the emerging monocot model plant Brachypodium distachyon (Brachypodium) with the long term goal of assisting in the translation of known dicot NF-Y functions to the grasses. Methodology/Principal Findings We identified, annotated, and further characterized 7 NF-YA, 17 NF-YB, and 12 NF-YC proteins in Brachypodium (BdNF-Y). By examining phylogenetic relationships, orthology predictions, and tissue-specific expression patterns for all 36 BdNF-Y, we proposed numerous examples of likely functional conservation between dicots and monocots. To test one of these orthology predictions, we demonstrated that a BdNF-YB with predicted orthology to Arabidopsis floral-promoting NF-Y proteins can rescue a late flowering Arabidopsis mutant. Conclusions/Significance The Brachypodium genome encodes a similar complement of NF-Y to other sequenced angiosperms. Information regarding NF-Y phylogenetic relationships, predicted orthologies, and expression patterns can facilitate their study in the grasses. The current data serves as an entry point for translating many NF-Y functions from dicots to the genetically tractable monocot model system Brachypodium. In turn, studies of NF-Y function in Brachypodium promise to be more readily translatable to the agriculturally important grasses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuanghe Cao
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, University of Oklahoma, Norman, Oklahoma, United States of America
| | - Roderick W. Kumimoto
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, University of Oklahoma, Norman, Oklahoma, United States of America
| | - Chamindika L. Siriwardana
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, University of Oklahoma, Norman, Oklahoma, United States of America
| | - Jan R. Risinger
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, University of Oklahoma, Norman, Oklahoma, United States of America
| | - Ben F. Holt
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, University of Oklahoma, Norman, Oklahoma, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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