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Louie JD, Barrios-Camacho CM, Bromberg BH, Hintschich CA, Schwob JE. Spatiotemporal dynamics exhibited by horizontal basal cells reveal a pro-neurogenic pathway during injury-induced olfactory epithelium regeneration. iScience 2024; 27:109600. [PMID: 38650985 PMCID: PMC11033173 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2024.109600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2022] [Revised: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Horizontal basal cells (HBCs) mediate olfactory epithelium (OE) regeneration following severe tissue injury. The dynamism of the post-injury environment is well illustrated by in silico modeling of RNA sequencing data that demonstrate an evolving HBC transcriptome. Unfortunately, spatiotemporally dynamic processes occurring within HBCs in situ remain poorly understood. Here, we show that HBCs at 24 h post-OE injury spatially redistribute a constellation of proteins, which, in turn, helped to nominate Rac1 as a regulator of HBC differentiation during OE regeneration. Using our primary culture model to activate HBCs pharmacologically, we demonstrate that concurrent Rac1 inhibition attenuates HBC differentiation potential. This in vitro functional impairment manifested in vivo as decreased HBC differentiation into olfactory sensory neurons following HBC-specific Rac1 conditional knockout. Taken together, our data potentiate the design of hyposmia-alleviating therapies and highlight aspects of in situ HBC spatiotemporal dynamics that deserve further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan D. Louie
- Medical Scientist Training Program, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02111, USA
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, Tufts University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Boston, MA 02111, USA
- Department of Developmental, Molecular & Chemical Biology, Tufts University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Boston, MA 02111, USA
| | - Camila M. Barrios-Camacho
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, Tufts University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Boston, MA 02111, USA
- Department of Developmental, Molecular & Chemical Biology, Tufts University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Boston, MA 02111, USA
| | - Benjamin H. Bromberg
- Department of Developmental, Molecular & Chemical Biology, Tufts University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Boston, MA 02111, USA
| | - Constantin A. Hintschich
- Department of Developmental, Molecular & Chemical Biology, Tufts University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Boston, MA 02111, USA
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University Hospital Regensburg, Franz-Josef-Strauß-Allee 11, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
- Department of Otolaryngology, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - James E. Schwob
- Department of Developmental, Molecular & Chemical Biology, Tufts University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Boston, MA 02111, USA
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2
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Liu SS, Yang R. Inner Ear Drug Delivery for Sensorineural Hearing Loss: Current Challenges and Opportunities. Front Neurosci 2022; 16:867453. [PMID: 35685768 PMCID: PMC9170894 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2022.867453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2022] [Accepted: 05/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Most therapies for treating sensorineural hearing loss are challenged by the delivery across multiple tissue barriers to the hard-to-access anatomical location of the inner ear. In this review, we will provide a recent update on various pharmacotherapy, gene therapy, and cell therapy approaches used in clinical and preclinical studies for the treatment of sensorineural hearing loss and approaches taken to overcome the drug delivery barriers in the ear. Small-molecule drugs for pharmacotherapy can be delivered via systemic or local delivery, where the blood-labyrinth barrier hinders the former and tissue barriers including the tympanic membrane, the round window membrane, and/or the oval window hinder the latter. Meanwhile, gene and cell therapies often require targeted delivery to the cochlea, which is currently achieved via intra-cochlear or intra-labyrinthine injection. To improve the stability of the biomacromolecules during treatment, e.g., RNAs, DNAs, proteins, additional packing vehicles are often required. To address the diverse range of biological barriers involved in inner ear drug delivery, each class of therapy and the intended therapeutic cargoes will be discussed in this review, in the context of delivery routes commonly used, delivery vehicles if required (e.g., viral and non-viral nanocarriers), and other strategies to improve drug permeation and sustained release (e.g., hydrogel, nanocarriers, permeation enhancers, and microfluidic systems). Overall, this review aims to capture the important advancements and key steps in the development of inner ear therapies and delivery strategies over the past two decades for the treatment and prophylaxis of sensorineural hearing loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie S. Liu
- Smith School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States
- Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States
| | - Rong Yang
- Smith School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States
- Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States
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3
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Bergman JE, Davies C, Denton AJ, Ashman PE, Mittal R, Eshraghi AA. Advancements in Stem Cell Technology and Organoids for the Restoration of Sensorineural Hearing Loss. J Am Acad Audiol 2021; 32:636-645. [PMID: 34034344 DOI: 10.1055/s-0041-1728677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL) is a significant cause of morbidity worldwide and currently has no curative treatment. Technological advancements in stem cell therapy have led to numerous studies that examine the generation of otic sensory cells from progenitors to restore inner ear function. Recently, organoids have emerged as a promising technique to further advance the process of creating functional replacement cells after irreversible hearing loss. Organoids are the three-dimensional generation of stem cells in culture to model the tissue organization and cellular components of the inner ear. Organoids have emerged as a promising technique to create functioning cochlear structures in vitro and may provide crucial information for the utilization of stem cells to restore SNHL. PURPOSE The purpose of this review is to discuss the recent advancements in stem cell-based regenerative therapy for SNHL. RESULTS Recent studies have improved our understanding about the developmental pathways involved in the generation of hair cells and spiral ganglion neurons. However, significant challenges remain in elucidating the molecular interactions and interplay required for stem cells to differentiate and function as otic sensory cells. A few of the challenges encountered with traditional stem cell therapy may be addressed with organoids. CONCLUSION Stem cell-based regenerative therapy holds a great potential for developing novel treatment modalities for SNHL. Further advancements are needed in addressing the challenges associated with stem cell-based regenerative therapy and promote their translation from bench to bedside.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenna E Bergman
- Department of Otolaryngology, Cochlear Implant and Hearing Research Laboratory, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
| | - Camron Davies
- Department of Otolaryngology, Cochlear Implant and Hearing Research Laboratory, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
| | - Alexa J Denton
- Department of Otolaryngology, Cochlear Implant and Hearing Research Laboratory, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
| | - Peter E Ashman
- Department of Otolaryngology, Cochlear Implant and Hearing Research Laboratory, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
| | - Rahul Mittal
- Department of Otolaryngology, Cochlear Implant and Hearing Research Laboratory, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
| | - Adrien A Eshraghi
- Department of Otolaryngology, Cochlear Implant and Hearing Research Laboratory, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida.,Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Miami, Coral Gables, Miami, Florida.,Department of Pediatrics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
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Adriztina I, Munir D, Sandra F, Ichwan M, Bashiruddin J, Putra IB, Farhat, Sembiring RJ, Sartika CR, Chouw A, Pratiwi ED. Differentiation capacity of dental pulp stem cell into inner ear hair cell using an in vitro assay: a preliminary step toward treating sensorineural hearing loss. Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol 2021; 279:1805-1812. [PMID: 34008035 DOI: 10.1007/s00405-021-06864-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2020] [Accepted: 03/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL) is commonly caused by the death or dysfunction of cochlear cell types as a result of their lack of regenerative capacity. However, regenerative medicine, such as stem cell therapy, has become a promising tool to cure many diseases, including hearing loss. In this study, we determined whether DPSCs could differentiate into cochlear hair cell in vitro. METHODS DPSCs derived from human third molar dental pulp were induced into NSCs using a medium containing basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) and epidermal growth factor (EGF) for 7 days, and then into cochlear hair cell using a medium containing EGF and IGF-1 for the next 14 days. We used the neuroepithelial protein marker nestin and cochlear hair cell marker myosin VIIa as the markers for cells differentiation. Cells expressing the positive markers under the microscope were confirmed to have differentiated into cochlear hair cell. RESULTS DPSCs were successfully induced to differentiate into NSCs, with mean 24% nestin-positive cells. We found that DPSC-derived NSCs have a great capacity in differentiating into inner ear hair cell-like cells with an average of 81% cells presenting myosin VIIa. Thus, DPSCs have high potential to serve as a good resource for SNHL treatment. CONCLUSION We found the high potential of DPSCs to differentiate into NSC. The ability of DPSCs in differentiating into neural lineage cell made them a good candidate for regenerative therapy in neural diseases, such as SNHL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Indri Adriztina
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Sumatera Utara, Jl. Dr. Mansyur No 5, Medan, Sumatera Utara, 20155, Indonesia.
| | - Delfitri Munir
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Sumatera Utara, Jl. Dr. Mansyur No 5, Medan, Sumatera Utara, 20155, Indonesia
| | - Ferry Sandra
- Division of Oral Biology, Departement of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, Trisakti University, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Muhamad Ichwan
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Sumatera Utara, Medan, Indonesia
| | - Jenny Bashiruddin
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Imam Budi Putra
- Department of Dermatovenerology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Sumatera Utara, Medan, Indonesia
| | - Farhat
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Sumatera Utara, Jl. Dr. Mansyur No 5, Medan, Sumatera Utara, 20155, Indonesia
| | - Rosita Juwita Sembiring
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Sumatera Utara, Medan, Indonesia
| | | | - Angliana Chouw
- Prodia Stemcell Indonesia, Jl. Kramat VII No.11, Jakarta, Indonesia
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Lako M, Stankovic KM, Stojkovic M. Special Series: Stem Cells and Hearing Loss. STEM CELLS (DAYTON, OHIO) 2021; 39:835-837. [PMID: 33951256 DOI: 10.1002/stem.3390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2021] [Accepted: 04/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Majlinda Lako
- Newcastle University, Biosciences Institute, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Konstantina M Stankovic
- Eaton Peabody Laboratories, Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Program in Speech and Hearing Bioscience and Technology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA.,Harvard Program in Therapeutic Science, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Miodrag Stojkovic
- Eaton Peabody Laboratories, Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Human Genetics, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia.,SPEBO Medical, Leskovac, Serbia
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6
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Zine A, Messat Y, Fritzsch B. A human induced pluripotent stem cell-based modular platform to challenge sensorineural hearing loss. STEM CELLS (DAYTON, OHIO) 2021; 39:697-706. [PMID: 33522002 PMCID: PMC8359331 DOI: 10.1002/stem.3346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2020] [Revised: 01/07/2021] [Accepted: 01/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The sense of hearing depends on a specialized sensory organ in the inner ear, called the cochlea, which contains the auditory hair cells (HCs). Noise trauma, infections, genetic factors, side effects of ototoxic drugs (ie, some antibiotics and chemotherapeutics), or simply aging lead to the loss of HCs and their associated primary neurons. This results in irreversible sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL) as in mammals, including humans; the inner ear lacks the capacity to regenerate HCs and spiral ganglion neurons. SNHL is a major global health problem affecting millions of people worldwide and provides a growing concern in the aging population. To date, treatment options are limited to hearing aids and cochlear implants. A major bottleneck for development of new therapies for SNHL is associated to the lack of human otic cell bioassays. Human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) can be induced in two-dimensional and three-dimensional otic cells in vitro models that can generate inner ear progenitors and sensory HCs and could be a promising preclinical platform from which to work toward restoring SNHL. We review the potential applications of hiPSCs in the various biological approaches, including disease modeling, bioengineering, drug testing, and autologous stem cell based-cell therapy, that offer opportunities to understand the pathogenic mechanisms of SNHL and identify novel therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azel Zine
- Laboratory of Bioengineering and Nanoscience, LBN, University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Yassine Messat
- Laboratory of Bioengineering and Nanoscience, LBN, University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Bernd Fritzsch
- Department of Biology, CLAS, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
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Sekiya T, Holley MC. Cell Transplantation to Restore Lost Auditory Nerve Function is a Realistic Clinical Opportunity. Cell Transplant 2021; 30:9636897211035076. [PMID: 34498511 PMCID: PMC8438274 DOI: 10.1177/09636897211035076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Hearing is one of our most important means of communication. Disabling hearing loss (DHL) is a long-standing, unmet problem in medicine, and in many elderly people, it leads to social isolation, depression, and even dementia. Traditionally, major efforts to cure DHL have focused on hair cells (HCs). However, the auditory nerve is also important because it transmits electrical signals generated by HCs to the brainstem. Its function is critical for the success of cochlear implants as well as for future therapies for HC regeneration. Over the past two decades, cell transplantation has emerged as a promising therapeutic option for restoring lost auditory nerve function, and two independent studies on animal models show that cell transplantation can lead to functional recovery. In this article, we consider the approaches most likely to achieve success in the clinic. We conclude that the structure and biochemical integrity of the auditory nerve is critical and that it is important to preserve the remaining neural scaffold, and in particular the glial scar, for the functional integration of donor cells. To exploit the natural, autologous cell scaffold and to minimize the deleterious effects of surgery, donor cells can be placed relatively easily on the surface of the nerve endoscopically. In this context, the selection of donor cells is a critical issue. Nevertheless, there is now a very realistic possibility for clinical application of cell transplantation for several different types of hearing loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tetsuji Sekiya
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Hikone Chuo Hospital, Hikone, Japan
- Tetsuji Sekiya, Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, 606-8507 Kyoto, Japan,.
| | - Matthew C. Holley
- Department of Biomedical Science, University of Sheffield, Firth Court, Sheffield, England
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Waqas M, Us-Salam I, Bibi Z, Wang Y, Li H, Zhu Z, He S. Stem Cell-Based Therapeutic Approaches to Restore Sensorineural Hearing Loss in Mammals. Neural Plast 2020; 2020:8829660. [PMID: 32802037 PMCID: PMC7416290 DOI: 10.1155/2020/8829660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2020] [Revised: 06/01/2020] [Accepted: 07/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The hair cells that reside in the cochlear sensory epithelium are the fundamental sensory structures responsible for understanding the mechanical sound waves evoked in the environment. The intense damage to these sensory structures may result in permanent hearing loss. The present strategies to rehabilitate the hearing function include either hearing aids or cochlear implants that may recover the hearing capability of deaf patients to a limited extent. Therefore, much attention has been paid on developing regenerative therapies to regenerate/replace the lost hair cells to treat the damaged cochlear sensory epithelium. The stem cell therapy is a promising approach to develop the functional hair cells and neuronal cells from endogenous and exogenous stem cell pool to recover hearing loss. In this review, we specifically discuss the potential of different kinds of stem cells that hold the potential to restore sensorineural hearing loss in mammals and comprehensively explain the current therapeutic applications of stem cells in both the human and mouse inner ear to regenerate/replace the lost hair cells and spiral ganglion neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Waqas
- Department of Biotechnology, Federal Urdu University of Arts, Science and Technology, Gulshan-e-Iqbal Campus, Karachi, Pakistan
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck, Nanjing Tongren Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing 211102, China
| | - Iram Us-Salam
- Department of Biotechnology, Federal Urdu University of Arts, Science and Technology, Gulshan-e-Iqbal Campus, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Zainab Bibi
- Department of Biotechnology, Federal Urdu University of Arts, Science and Technology, Gulshan-e-Iqbal Campus, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Yunfeng Wang
- ENT Institute and Otorhinolaryngology Department of Eye & ENT Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200031, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Hearing Medicine (Fudan University), Shanghai 200031, China
| | - He Li
- Department of Otolaryngology, First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou City, 325000 Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Zhongshou Zhu
- Department of Otolaryngology, Ningde Municipal Hospital Affiliated of Fujian Medical University (Ningde Institute of Otolaryngology), Ningde, Fujian 352100, China
| | - Shuangba He
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck, Nanjing Tongren Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing 211102, China
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Engraftment of Human Stem Cell-Derived Otic Progenitors in the Damaged Cochlea. Mol Ther 2019; 27:1101-1113. [PMID: 31005598 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymthe.2019.03.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2018] [Revised: 03/25/2019] [Accepted: 03/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Most cases of sensorineural deafness are caused by degeneration of hair cells. Although stem/progenitor cell therapy is becoming a promising treatment strategy in a variety of organ systems, cell engraftment in the adult mammalian cochlea has not yet been demonstrated. In this study, we generated human otic progenitor cells (hOPCs) from induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) in vitro and identified these cells by the expression of known otic markers. We showed successful cell transplantation of iPSC-derived-hOPCs in an in vivo adult guinea pig model of ototoxicity. The delivered hOPCs migrated throughout the cochlea, engrafted in non-sensory regions, and survived up to 4 weeks post-transplantation. Some of the engrafted hOPCs responded to environmental cues within the cochlear sensory epithelium and displayed molecular features of early sensory differentiation. We confirmed these results with hair cell progenitors derived from Atoh1-GFP mice as donor cells. These mouse otic progenitors transplanted using the same in vivo delivery system migrated into damaged cochlear sensory epithelium and adopted a partial sensory cell fate. This is the first report of the survival and differentiation of hOPCs in ototoxic-injured mature cochlear epithelium, and it should stimulate further research into cell-based therapies for treatment of deafness.
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10
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Stem Cells: A New Hope for Hearing Loss Therapy. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2019; 1130:165-180. [PMID: 30915707 DOI: 10.1007/978-981-13-6123-4_10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Permanent hearing loss was considered which cannot be cured since cochlear hair cells and primary afferent neurons cannot be regenerated. In recent years, due to the in-depth study of stem cell and its therapeutic potential, regenerating auditory sensory cells is made possible. By using two strategies of endogenous stem cell activation and exogenous stem cell transplantation, researchers hope to find methods to restore hearing function. However, there are complex factors that need to be considered in the in vivo application of stem cell therapy, such as stem cell-type choice, signaling pathway regulations, transplantation approaches, internal environment of the cochlea, and external stimulation. After years of investigations, some theoretic progress has been made in the treatment of hearing loss using stem cells, but there are also many problems which limited its application that need to be solved. Understanding the future perspective of stem cell therapy in hearing loss, solving the encountered problems, and promoting its development are the common goals of audiological researchers. In this review, we present critical experimental findings of stem cell therapy on treatment of hearing loss and intend to bring hope to researchers and patients.
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Abstract
Sensorineural hearing impairment is the most common sensory disorder and a major health and socio-economic issue in industrialized countries. It is primarily due to the degeneration of mechanosensory hair cells and spiral ganglion neurons in the cochlea via complex pathophysiological mechanisms. These occur following acute and/or chronic exposure to harmful extrinsic (e.g., ototoxic drugs, noise...) and intrinsic (e.g., aging, genetic) causative factors. No clinical therapies currently exist to rescue the dying sensorineural cells or regenerate these cells once lost. Recent studies have, however, provided renewed hope, with insights into the therapeutic targets allowing the prevention and treatment of ototoxic drug- and noise-induced, age-related hearing loss as well as cochlear cell degeneration. Moreover, genetic routes involving the replacement or corrective editing of mutant sequences or defected genes are showing promise, as are cell-replacement therapies to repair damaged cells for the future restoration of hearing in deaf people. This review begins by recapitulating our current understanding of the molecular pathways that underlie cochlear sensorineural damage, as well as the survival signaling pathways that can provide endogenous protection and tissue rescue. It then guides the reader through to the recent discoveries in pharmacological, gene and cell therapy research towards hearing protection and restoration as well as their potential clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Wang
- INSERM UMR 1051, Institute for Neurosciences of Montpellier, Montpellier, France; and University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Jean-Luc Puel
- INSERM UMR 1051, Institute for Neurosciences of Montpellier, Montpellier, France; and University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France
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12
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Schulze J, Sasse S, Prenzler N, Staecker H, Mellott AJ, Roemer A, Durisin M, Lenarz T, Warnecke A. Microenvironmental support for cell delivery to the inner ear. Hear Res 2018; 368:109-122. [PMID: 29945803 DOI: 10.1016/j.heares.2018.06.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2017] [Revised: 04/10/2018] [Accepted: 06/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Transplantation of mesenchymal stromal cells (MSC) presents a promising approach not only for the replacement of lost or degenerated cells in diseased organs but also for local drug delivery. It can potentially be used to enhance the safety and efficacy of inner ear surgeries such as cochlear implantation. Options for enhancing the effects of MSC therapy include modulating cell behaviour with customized bio-matrixes or modulating their behaviour by ex vivo transfection of the cells with a variety of genes. In this study, we demonstrate that MSC delivered to the inner ear of guinea pigs or to decellularized cochleae preferentially bind to areas of high heparin concentration. This presents an opportunity for modulating cell behaviour ex vivo. We evaluated the effect of carboxymethylglucose sulfate (Cacicol®), a heparan sulfate analogue on spiral ganglion cells and MSC and demonstrated support of neuronal survival and support of stem cell proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Schulze
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Hannover Medical School, Carl Neuberg-Str. 1, 30625 Hannover, Germany; Cluster of Excellence "Hearing4all" of the German Research Foundation, Germany
| | - Susanne Sasse
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Hannover Medical School, Carl Neuberg-Str. 1, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Nils Prenzler
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Hannover Medical School, Carl Neuberg-Str. 1, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Hinrich Staecker
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, University of Kansas School of Medicine, Kansas City, KS, USA
| | - Adam J Mellott
- Department of Plastic Surgery, University of Kansas School of Medicine, Kansas City, KS, USA
| | - Ariane Roemer
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Hannover Medical School, Carl Neuberg-Str. 1, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Martin Durisin
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Hannover Medical School, Carl Neuberg-Str. 1, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Thomas Lenarz
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Hannover Medical School, Carl Neuberg-Str. 1, 30625 Hannover, Germany; Cluster of Excellence "Hearing4all" of the German Research Foundation, Germany
| | - Athanasia Warnecke
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Hannover Medical School, Carl Neuberg-Str. 1, 30625 Hannover, Germany; Cluster of Excellence "Hearing4all" of the German Research Foundation, Germany.
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13
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Lee MY, Park YH. Potential of Gene and Cell Therapy for Inner Ear Hair Cells. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 2018:8137614. [PMID: 30009175 PMCID: PMC6020521 DOI: 10.1155/2018/8137614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2018] [Revised: 04/11/2018] [Accepted: 05/15/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Sensorineural hearing loss is caused by the loss of sensory hair cells (HCs) or a damaged afferent nerve pathway to the auditory cortex. The most common option for the treatment of sensorineural hearing loss is hearing rehabilitation using hearing devices. Various kinds of hearing devices are available but, despite recent advancements, their perceived sound quality does not mimic that of the "naïve" cochlea. Damage to crucial cochlear structures is mostly irreversible and results in permanent hearing loss. Cochlear HC regeneration has long been an important goal in the field of hearing research. However, it remains challenging because, thus far, no medical treatment has successfully regenerated cochlear HCs. Recent advances in genetic modulation and developmental techniques have led to novel approaches to generating HCs or protecting against HC loss, to preserve hearing. In this review, we present and review the current status of two different approaches to restoring or protecting hearing, gene therapy, including the newly introduced CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing, and stem cell therapy, and suggest the future direction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Yong Lee
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head & Neck Surgery, Dankook University Hospital, Cheonan, Chungnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong-Ho Park
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, College of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
- Brain Research Institute, College of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
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Tang M, Yan X, Tang Q, Guo R, Da P, Li D. Potential Application of Electrical Stimulation in Stem Cell-Based Treatment against Hearing Loss. Neural Plast 2018; 2018:9506387. [PMID: 29853854 PMCID: PMC5964586 DOI: 10.1155/2018/9506387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2018] [Revised: 03/23/2018] [Accepted: 04/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Deafness is a common human disease, which is mainly caused by irreversible damage to hair cells and spiral ganglion neurons (SGNs) in the mammalian cochlea. At present, replacement of damaged or missing hair cells and SGNs by stem cell transplantation therapy is an effective treatment. However, the survival rate of stem cell transplantation is low, with uncontrollable differentiation hindering its application. Most researchers have focused on biochemical factors to regulate the growth and differentiation of stem cells, whereas little study has been performed using physical factors. This review intends to illustrate the current problems in stem cell-based treatment against deafness and to introduce electric field stimulation as a physical factor to regulate stem cell behavior and facilitate stem cell therapy to treat hearing loss in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingliang Tang
- Key Laboratory for Developmental Genes and Human Disease, Ministry of Education, Institute of Life Sciences, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China
- Co-Innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong 226001, China
- Joint Research Institute of Southeast University and Monash University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Xiaoqian Yan
- Key Laboratory for Developmental Genes and Human Disease, Ministry of Education, Institute of Life Sciences, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China
- Co-Innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong 226001, China
- Joint Research Institute of Southeast University and Monash University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Qilin Tang
- The First Clinical Medical School, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Rongrong Guo
- Key Laboratory for Developmental Genes and Human Disease, Ministry of Education, Institute of Life Sciences, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China
- Co-Innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong 226001, China
- Joint Research Institute of Southeast University and Monash University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Peng Da
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong 226001, China
| | - Dan Li
- Key Laboratory for Developmental Genes and Human Disease, Ministry of Education, Institute of Life Sciences, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China
- Co-Innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong 226001, China
- Joint Research Institute of Southeast University and Monash University, Suzhou 215123, China
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15
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Gao J, Wang S, Tang Q, Li X, Zhang Y, Liu W, Gao Z, Yang H, Zhao RC. In Vitro Survival of Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells is Enhanced in Artificial Endolymph with Moderately High Concentrations of Potassium. Stem Cells Dev 2018; 27:658-670. [PMID: 29631482 DOI: 10.1089/scd.2018.0016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
While mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are promising candidates for inner ear hair cell regeneration, to date, there have been no convincing reports indicating whether MSCs can survive in the cochlea for more than a few weeks, as the high levels of potassium (K+) in the endolymph (EL) are thought to be toxic to transplanted stem cells. For conditioning the EL for MSC transplantation, we conducted this in vitro study to examine the effects of artificial EL with altered K+ concentration levels, in the range of 5-153.8 mM, on proliferation, apoptosis, and morphological changes in MSCs derived from various human tissues. Our findings demonstrate that altering the K+ concentration in artificial EL could significantly influence the survival of MSCs in vitro. We discovered that K+ concentrations of 55-130 mM in artificial EL could enhance the survival of MSCs in vitro. However, MSCs exhibited reduced proliferation regardless of K+ concentration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juanjuan Gao
- 1 Department of Otolaryngology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital , Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, People's Republic of China .,2 Department of Otolaryngology Research, Translational Medicine Center , Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Shihua Wang
- 3 Department of Cell Biology, Center of Excellence in Tissue Engineering, Key Laboratory of Beijing, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences and School of Basic Medicine , Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Qi Tang
- 1 Department of Otolaryngology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital , Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, People's Republic of China .,2 Department of Otolaryngology Research, Translational Medicine Center , Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoxia Li
- 3 Department of Cell Biology, Center of Excellence in Tissue Engineering, Key Laboratory of Beijing, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences and School of Basic Medicine , Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yongli Zhang
- 1 Department of Otolaryngology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital , Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, People's Republic of China .,2 Department of Otolaryngology Research, Translational Medicine Center , Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenbin Liu
- 1 Department of Otolaryngology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital , Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, People's Republic of China .,2 Department of Otolaryngology Research, Translational Medicine Center , Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhiqiang Gao
- 1 Department of Otolaryngology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital , Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, People's Republic of China .,2 Department of Otolaryngology Research, Translational Medicine Center , Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Hua Yang
- 1 Department of Otolaryngology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital , Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, People's Republic of China .,2 Department of Otolaryngology Research, Translational Medicine Center , Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Robert Chunhua Zhao
- 3 Department of Cell Biology, Center of Excellence in Tissue Engineering, Key Laboratory of Beijing, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences and School of Basic Medicine , Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, People's Republic of China
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16
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Engraftment of Human Pluripotent Stem Cell-derived Progenitors in the Inner Ear of Prenatal Mice. Sci Rep 2018; 8:1941. [PMID: 29386634 PMCID: PMC5792596 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-20277-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2017] [Accepted: 01/16/2018] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
There is, at present, no curative treatment for genetic hearing loss. We have previously reported that transuterine gene transfer of wild type CONNEXIN30 (CX30) genes into otocysts in CX30-deleted mice could restore hearing. Cell transplantation therapy might be another therapeutic option, although it is still unknown whether stem cell-derived progenitor cells could migrate into mouse otocysts. Here, we show successful cell transplantation of progenitors of outer sulcus cell-like cells derived from human-derived induced pluripotent stem cells into mouse otocysts on embryonic day 11.5. The delivered cells engrafted more frequently in the non-sensory region in the inner ear of CX30-deleted mice than in wild type mice and survived for up to 1 week after transplantation. Some of the engrafted cells expressed CX30 proteins in the non-sensory region. This is the first report that demonstrates successful engraftment of exogenous cells in prenatal developing otocysts in mice. Future studies using this mouse otocystic injection model in vivo will provide further clues for developing treatment modalities for congenital hearing loss in humans.
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17
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Chen J, Guan L, Zhu H, Xiong S, Zeng L, Jiang H. Transplantation of mouse-induced pluripotent stem cells into the cochlea for the treatment of sensorineural hearing loss. Acta Otolaryngol 2017. [PMID: 28643534 DOI: 10.1080/00016489.2017.1342045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
CONCLUSION Mouse-induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) could differentiate into hair cell-like cells and spiral ganglion-like cells after transplantation into mouse cochleae, but it cannot improve the auditory brain response (ABR) thresholds in short term. OBJECTIVE To evaluate the potential of iPSCs for use as a source of transplants for the treatment of sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL). METHODS Establishing SNHL mice model, then injecting the iPSCs or equal volume DMEM basic medium into the cochleae, respectively. Immunofluorescence staining and reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) were used to assess the survival, migration, differentiation of the transplanted iPSCs in cochleae and then recorded the ABR threshold in different time. Hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining was used to observe the teratoma formation. RESULTS Four weeks after transplantation, CM-Di1-labeled iPSCs could be found in the modiolus and Rosenthal's canal (RC), and some of them could expressed auditory hair cell markers or spiral ganglion neuron makers in group A, but not found in group B and C. As to the ABR threshold, no significance differences were found between pre- with postoperative in group A or B. In our study, no teratoma was observed in the cochleae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Chen
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Lina Guan
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Hengtao Zhu
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Shan Xiong
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Liang Zeng
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Hongqun Jiang
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
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18
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Regenerative medicine in hearing recovery. Cytotherapy 2017; 19:909-915. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcyt.2017.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2017] [Revised: 03/24/2017] [Accepted: 04/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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19
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Warnecke A, Mellott AJ, Römer A, Lenarz T, Staecker H. Advances in translational inner ear stem cell research. Hear Res 2017; 353:76-86. [PMID: 28571616 DOI: 10.1016/j.heares.2017.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2017] [Revised: 05/01/2017] [Accepted: 05/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Stem cell research is expanding our understanding of developmental biology as well as promising the development of new therapies for a range of different diseases. Within hearing research, the use of stem cells has focused mainly on cell replacement. Stem cells however have a broad range of other potential applications that are just beginning to be explored in the ear. Mesenchymal stem cells are an adult derived stem cell population that have been shown to produce growth factors, modulate the immune system and can differentiate into a wide variety of tissue types. Potential advantages of mesenchymal/adult stem cells are that they have no ethical constraints on their use. However, appropriate regulatory oversight seems necessary in order to protect patients from side effects. Disadvantages may be the lack of efficacy in many preclinical studies. But if proven safe and efficacious, they are easily translatable to clinical trials. The current review will focus on the potential application on mesenchymal stem cells for the treatment of inner ear disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Athanasia Warnecke
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Hannover Medical School, Carl Neuberg-Str. 1, 30625, Hannover, Germany; Cluster of Excellence "Hearing4all" of the German Research Foundation, Germany
| | - Adam J Mellott
- Department of Plastic Surgery, University of Kansas School of Medicine, Kansas City, KS, USA
| | - Ariane Römer
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Hannover Medical School, Carl Neuberg-Str. 1, 30625, Hannover, Germany; Cluster of Excellence "Hearing4all" of the German Research Foundation, Germany
| | - Thomas Lenarz
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Hannover Medical School, Carl Neuberg-Str. 1, 30625, Hannover, Germany; Cluster of Excellence "Hearing4all" of the German Research Foundation, Germany
| | - Hinrich Staecker
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, University of Kansas School of Medicine, Kansas City, KS, USA.
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20
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Takeda H, Minoda R, Miwa T, Yamada T, Ise M. Transplanting mouse induced pluripotent stem cells into mouse otocysts in vivo. Neurosci Lett 2017; 647:153-158. [PMID: 28359931 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2017.03.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2017] [Revised: 02/28/2017] [Accepted: 03/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The otocyst is an attractive target for studying treatment strategies for genetic hearing loss and for understanding inner ear development. We have previously reported that trans-uterine supplemental gene therapy in vivo into the otocysts of mice, which had a loss of function mutation in a causative gene of deafness, was able to prevent putative hearing loss. We herein set out to clarify the feasibility of allogenic cell transplantation into the mouse otocysts in vivo. We transplanted naive mouse-derived induced pluripotent stem cells (miPSCs) into the otocysts of wild type mice or connexin (Cx) 30 deficient mice, at embryonic day 11.5 (E11.5). The transplanted m-iPSCs survived in the lumens of the inner ears at E13.5 and E15.5 in wild type mice. In the Cx30 deficient mouse, the transplanted cells survived similarly, with some of the transplanted cells migrating into the lining cells of the lumens of the inner ears at E13.5 and showing tumorigenic cell proliferation at E15.5. In addition, engrafted cells appear to be able to differentiate after the cell transplantation. Our results suggest that otocyst transplanted cells survived and differentiated. A Cx30 deficiency may facilitate cell migration. These findings may offer some hope for cell transplantation therapy for profound genetic hearing loss caused by a Cxs deficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroki Takeda
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Kumamoto University, Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1-1 Honjo, Chuoku, Kumamoto City 860-0811, Japan
| | - Ryosei Minoda
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Kumamoto University, Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1-1 Honjo, Chuoku, Kumamoto City 860-0811, Japan.
| | - Toru Miwa
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Kumamoto University, Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1-1 Honjo, Chuoku, Kumamoto City 860-0811, Japan
| | - Takao Yamada
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Kumamoto University, Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1-1 Honjo, Chuoku, Kumamoto City 860-0811, Japan
| | - Momoko Ise
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Kumamoto University, Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1-1 Honjo, Chuoku, Kumamoto City 860-0811, Japan
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Cristóbal Maass J, Hanuch F, Ormazábal M. AVANCES EN REGENERACIÓN AUDITIVA. ESTADO ACTUAL Y PERSPECTIVAS FUTURAS. REVISTA MÉDICA CLÍNICA LAS CONDES 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rmclc.2016.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
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22
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Barboza LCM, Lezirovitz K, Zanatta DB, Strauss BE, Mingroni-Netto RC, Oiticica J, Haddad LA, Bento RF. Transplantation and survival of mouse inner ear progenitor/stem cells in the organ of Corti after cochleostomy of hearing-impaired guinea pigs: preliminary results. Braz J Med Biol Res 2016; 49:e5064. [PMID: 27007652 PMCID: PMC4819408 DOI: 10.1590/1414-431x20155064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2015] [Accepted: 11/16/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
In mammals, damage to sensory receptor cells (hair cells) of the inner ear results in permanent sensorineural hearing loss. Here, we investigated whether postnatal mouse inner ear progenitor/stem cells (mIESCs) are viable after transplantation into the basal turns of neomycin-injured guinea pig cochleas. We also examined the effects of mIESC transplantation on auditory functions. Eight adult female Cavia porcellus guinea pigs (250-350g) were deafened by intratympanic neomycin delivery. After 7 days, the animals were randomly divided in two groups. The study group (n=4) received transplantation of LacZ-positive mIESCs in culture medium into the scala tympani. The control group (n=4) received culture medium only. At 2 weeks after transplantation, functional analyses were performed by auditory brainstem response measurement, and the animals were sacrificed. The presence of mIESCs was evaluated by immunohistochemistry of sections of the cochlea from the study group. Non-parametric tests were used for statistical analysis of the data. Intratympanic neomycin delivery damaged hair cells and increased auditory thresholds prior to cell transplantation. There were no significant differences between auditory brainstem thresholds before and after transplantation in individual guinea pigs. Some mIESCs were observed in all scalae of the basal turns of the injured cochleas, and a proportion of these cells expressed the hair cell marker myosin VIIa. Some transplanted mIESCs engrafted in the cochlear basilar membrane. Our study demonstrates that transplanted cells survived and engrafted in the organ of Corti after cochleostomy.
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Affiliation(s)
- L C M Barboza
- Departamento de Otorrinolaringologia (LIM32), Hospital das Clínicas, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
| | - K Lezirovitz
- Departamento de Otorrinolaringologia (LIM32), Hospital das Clínicas, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
| | - D B Zanatta
- Setor de Vetores Virais, Laboratório de Genética e Cardiologia Molecular, Instituto do Coração, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
| | - B E Strauss
- Setor de Vetores Virais, Laboratório de Genética e Cardiologia Molecular, Instituto do Coração, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
| | - R C Mingroni-Netto
- Departamento de Genética e Biologia Evolutiva, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
| | - J Oiticica
- Departamento de Otorrinolaringologia (LIM32), Hospital das Clínicas, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
| | - L A Haddad
- Departamento de Genética e Biologia Evolutiva, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
| | - R F Bento
- Departamento de Otorrinolaringologia (LIM32), Hospital das Clínicas, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
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23
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Gillespie LN, Richardson RT, Nayagam BA, Wise AK. Treating hearing disorders with cell and gene therapy. J Neural Eng 2015; 11:065001. [PMID: 25420002 DOI: 10.1088/1741-2560/11/6/065001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Hearing loss is an increasing problem for a substantial number of people and, with an aging population, the incidence and severity of hearing loss will become more significant over time. There are very few therapies currently available to treat hearing loss, and so the development of new therapeutic strategies for hearing impaired individuals is of paramount importance to address this unmet clinical need. Most forms of hearing loss are progressive in nature and therefore an opportunity exists to develop novel therapeutic approaches to slow or halt hearing loss progression, or even repair or replace lost hearing function. Numerous emerging technologies have potential as therapeutic options. This paper details the potential of cell- and gene-based therapies to provide therapeutic agents to protect sensory and neural cells from various insults known to cause hearing loss; explores the potential of replacing lost sensory and nerve cells using gene and stem cell therapy; and describes the considerations for clinical translation and the challenges that need to be overcome.
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24
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Park YH. Stem Cell Therapy for Sensorineural Hearing Loss, Still Alive? J Audiol Otol 2015; 19:63-7. [PMID: 26413570 PMCID: PMC4582452 DOI: 10.7874/jao.2015.19.2.63] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2015] [Revised: 08/15/2015] [Accepted: 08/18/2015] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
In mammals, the auditory system, which includes the cochlea, has a very complex structure harboring many types of cells performing different functions. Among these cells are the auditory hair cells (HCs), which are terminally and well differentiated unique cells which have lost their regenerative potential after development. The auditory HCs are easily damaged by aging as well as during episodes of ototoxicity and acoustic trauma. HCs damages typically occur in the early stage of injury and can result a permanent hearing loss. Recently, there have been tremendous developments from stem cells (SCs) research involving sensorineural hearing loss, but several limitations and obstacles persist in allowing these developments from continuing onto clinical applications. This review discusses the recent advances in SC research in sensorineural hearing loss with the subsequent sections discussing the possible hurdles and limitations that currently preclude their clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong-Ho Park
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Brain Research Institute, College of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Korea
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25
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Watada Y, Yamashita D, Toyoda M, Tsuchiya K, Hida N, Tanimoto A, Ogawa K, Kanzaki S, Umezawa A. Magnetic resonance monitoring of superparamagnetic iron oxide (SPIO)-labeled stem cells transplanted into the inner ear. Neurosci Res 2015; 95:21-6. [PMID: 25645157 DOI: 10.1016/j.neures.2015.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2013] [Revised: 01/13/2015] [Accepted: 01/21/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
In the field of regenerative medicine, cell transplantation or cell-based therapies for inner ear defects are considered to be promising candidates for a therapeutic strategy. In this paper, we report on a study that examined the use of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to monitor stem cells transplanted into the cochlea labeled with superparamagnetic iron oxide (SPIO), a contrast agent commonly used with MRI. First, we demonstrated in vitro that stem cells efficiently took up SPIO particles. This was confirmed by Prussian blue staining and TEM. In MRI studies, T2 relaxation times of SPIO-labeled cells decreased in a dose-dependent manner. Next, we transplanted SPIO-labeled cells directly into the cochlea in vivo and then performed MRI 1h, 2 weeks, and 4 weeks after transplantation. The images were evaluated objectively by measuring signal intensity (SI). SI within the ears receiving transplants was significantly lower (P<0.05) than that of control sides at the 1-h assessment. This novel method will be helpful for evaluating stem cell therapies, which represents a new strategy for inner ear regeneration. To the best of our knowledge, this study is the first to demonstrate that local transplantation of labeled stem cells into the inner ear can be visualized in vivo via MRI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yukiko Watada
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Daisuke Yamashita
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Kobe University Hospital, Kobe, Japan
| | - Masashi Toyoda
- Department of Department of Reproductive Biology, National Institute for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan; Research Team for Vascular Medicine, Tokyo, Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kohei Tsuchiya
- Department of Department of Reproductive Biology, National Institute for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Naoko Hida
- Department of Department of Reproductive Biology, National Institute for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan; Research Team for Vascular Medicine, Tokyo, Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Akihiro Tanimoto
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kaoru Ogawa
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Sho Kanzaki
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Akihiro Umezawa
- Department of Department of Reproductive Biology, National Institute for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan
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26
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Fetoni AR, Lattanzi W, Eramo SLM, Barba M, Paciello F, Moriconi C, Rolesi R, Michetti F, Troiani D, Paludetti G. Grafting and early expression of growth factors from adipose-derived stem cells transplanted into the cochlea, in a Guinea pig model of acoustic trauma. Front Cell Neurosci 2014; 8:334. [PMID: 25368551 PMCID: PMC4202717 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2014.00334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2014] [Accepted: 09/30/2014] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Noise exposure causes damage of multiple cochlear cell types producing permanent hearing loss with important social consequences. In mammals, no regeneration of either damaged hair cells or auditory neurons has been observed and no successful treatment is available to achieve a functional recovery. Loads of evidence indicate adipose-derived stem cells (ASCs) as promising tools in diversified regenerative medicine applications, due to the high degree of plasticity and trophic features. This study was aimed at identifying the path of in vivo cell migration and expression of trophic growth factors, upon ASCs transplantation into the cochlea, following noise-induced injury. ASCs were isolated in primary culture from the adipose tissue of a guinea pig, transduced using a viral vector to express the green fluorescent protein, and implanted into the scala tympani of deafened animals. Auditory function was assessed 3 and 7 days after surgery. The expression of trophic growth factors was comparatively analyzed using real-time PCR in control and noise-injured cochlear tissues. Immunofluorescence was used to assess the in vivo localization and expression of trophic growth factors in ASCs and cochleae, 3 and 7 days following homologous implantation. ASC implantation did not modify auditory function. ASCs migrated from the perilymphatic to the endolymphatic compartment, during the analyzed time course. Upon noise exposure, the expression of chemokine ligands and receptors related to the PDGF, VEGF, and TGFbeta pathways, increased in the cochlear tissues, possibly guiding in vivo cell migration. Immunofluorescence confirmed the increased expression, which appeared to be further strengthened by ASCs’ implantation. These results indicated that ASCs are able to migrate at the site of tissue damage and express trophic factors, upon intracochlear implantation, providing an original proof of principle, which could pave the way for further developments of ASC-based treatments of deafness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Rita Fetoni
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore , Rome , Italy
| | - Wanda Lattanzi
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore , Rome , Italy ; Latium Musculoskeletal Tissue Bank , Rome , Italy
| | | | - Marta Barba
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore , Rome , Italy
| | - Fabiola Paciello
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore , Rome , Italy
| | - Chiara Moriconi
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore , Rome , Italy
| | - Rolando Rolesi
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore , Rome , Italy
| | - Fabrizio Michetti
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore , Rome , Italy ; Latium Musculoskeletal Tissue Bank , Rome , Italy
| | - Diana Troiani
- Institute of Physiology, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore , Rome , Italy
| | - Gaetano Paludetti
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore , Rome , Italy
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Boddy SL, Chen W, Romero-Guevara R, Kottam L, Bellantuono I, Rivolta MN. Inner ear progenitor cells can be generated in vitro from human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells. Regen Med 2013; 7:757-67. [PMID: 23164077 DOI: 10.2217/rme.12.58] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM Mouse mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) can generate sensory neurons and produce inner ear hair cell-like cells. An equivalent source from humans is highly desirable, given their potential application in patient-specific regenerative therapies for deafness. In this study, we explored the ability of human MSCs (hMSCs) to differentiate into otic lineages. MATERIALS & METHODS hMSCs were exposed to culture media conditioned by human fetal auditory stem cells. RESULTS Conditioned media induced the expression of otic progenitor markers PAX8, PAX2, GATA3 and SOX2. After 4 weeks, cells coexpressed ATOH1, MYO7A and POU4F3 (indicators of hair cell lineage) or neuronal markers NEUROG1, POU4F1 and NEFH. Inhibition of WNT signaling prevented differentiation into otic progenitors, while WNT activation partially phenocopied results seen with the conditioned media. CONCLUSION This study demonstrates that hMSCs can be driven to express key genes found in the otic lineages and thereby promotes their status as candidates for regenerative therapies for deafness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah L Boddy
- Centre for Stem Cell Biology & Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sheffield, Alfred Denny Building, Western Bank, Sheffield S10 2TN, UK
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Jongkamonwiwat N, Rivolta MN. The Development of a Stem Cell Therapy for Deafness. Regen Med 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/978-94-007-5690-8_31] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
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Gunewardene N, Dottori M, Nayagam BA. The convergence of cochlear implantation with induced pluripotent stem cell therapy. Stem Cell Rev Rep 2012; 8:741-54. [PMID: 21956409 DOI: 10.1007/s12015-011-9320-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
According to 2010 estimates from The National Institute on Deafness and other Communication Disorders, approximately 17% (36 million) American adults have reported some degree of hearing loss. Currently, the only clinical treatment available for those with severe-to-profound hearing loss is a cochlear implant, which is designed to electrically stimulate the auditory nerve in the absence of hair cells. Whilst the cochlear implant has been revolutionary in terms of providing hearing to the severe-to-profoundly deaf, there are variations in cochlear implant performance which may be related to the degree of degeneration of auditory neurons following hearing loss. Hence, numerous experimental studies have focused on enhancing the efficacy of cochlear implants by using neurotrophins to preserve the auditory neurons, and more recently, attempting to replace these dying cells with new neurons derived from stem cells. As a result, several groups are now investigating the potential for both embryonic and adult stem cells to replace the degenerating sensory elements in the deaf cochlea. Recent advances in our knowledge of stem cells and the development of induced pluripotency by Takahashi and Yamanaka in 2006, have opened a new realm of science focused on the use of induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells for therapeutic purposes. This review will provide a broad overview of the potential benefits and challenges of using iPS cells in combination with a cochlear implant for the treatment of hearing loss, including differentiation of iPS cells into an auditory neural lineage and clinically relevant transplantation approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niliksha Gunewardene
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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Chen W, Jongkamonwiwat N, Abbas L, Eshtan SJ, Johnson SL, Kuhn S, Milo M, Thurlow JK, Andrews PW, Marcotti W, Moore HD, Rivolta MN. Restoration of auditory evoked responses by human ES-cell-derived otic progenitors. Nature 2012; 490:278-82. [PMID: 22972191 PMCID: PMC3480718 DOI: 10.1038/nature11415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 259] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2010] [Accepted: 07/16/2012] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Deafness is a condition with a high prevalence worldwide, produced primarily by the loss of the sensory hair cells and their associated spiral ganglion neurons (SGNs). Of all the forms of deafness, auditory neuropathy is of particular concern. This condition, defined primarily by damage to the SGNs with relative preservation of the hair cells, is responsible for a substantial proportion of patients with hearing impairment. Although the loss of hair cells can be circumvented partially by a cochlear implant, no routine treatment is available for sensory neuron loss, as poor innervation limits the prospective performance of an implant. Using stem cells to recover the damaged sensory circuitry is a potential therapeutic strategy. Here we present a protocol to induce differentiation from human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) using signals involved in the initial specification of the otic placode. We obtained two types of otic progenitors able to differentiate in vitro into hair-cell-like cells and auditory neurons that display expected electrophysiological properties. Moreover, when transplanted into an auditory neuropathy model, otic neuroprogenitors engraft, differentiate and significantly improve auditory-evoked response thresholds. These results should stimulate further research into the development of a cell-based therapy for deafness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Chen
- Centre for Stem Cell Biology, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2TN, United Kingdom
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2TN, United Kingdom
| | - Nopporn Jongkamonwiwat
- Centre for Stem Cell Biology, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2TN, United Kingdom
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2TN, United Kingdom
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Srinakharinwirot University, Ongkharak, Nakhonnayok 26120, Thailand
| | - Leila Abbas
- Centre for Stem Cell Biology, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2TN, United Kingdom
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2TN, United Kingdom
| | - Sarah Jacob Eshtan
- Centre for Stem Cell Biology, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2TN, United Kingdom
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2TN, United Kingdom
| | - Stuart L. Johnson
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2TN, United Kingdom
| | - Stephanie Kuhn
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2TN, United Kingdom
| | - Marta Milo
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2TN, United Kingdom
| | - Johanna K. Thurlow
- Centre for Stem Cell Biology, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2TN, United Kingdom
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2TN, United Kingdom
| | - Peter W. Andrews
- Centre for Stem Cell Biology, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2TN, United Kingdom
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2TN, United Kingdom
| | - Walter Marcotti
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2TN, United Kingdom
| | - Harry D. Moore
- Centre for Stem Cell Biology, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2TN, United Kingdom
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2TN, United Kingdom
| | - Marcelo N. Rivolta
- Centre for Stem Cell Biology, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2TN, United Kingdom
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2TN, United Kingdom
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Ali KHM, Williams DJ, Jackson P, Pau HP. Attitudes of the UK ear, nose and throat clinical community to the future potential use of stem cell therapies to treat deafness. Regen Med 2012; 7:179-86. [PMID: 22397608 DOI: 10.2217/rme.11.124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS Hearing loss is commonly due to the degeneration and death of hair cells and their associated spiral ganglion neurons. A total of 250 million people are affected worldwide. Stem cell treatments offer new and powerful strategies to enable recovery from hearing loss. This study focuses on the translational process required to move stem cell therapy from the laboratory to clinical use as a novel treatment of deafness and an alternative to conventional therapy. In particular, this study aims to inform and enable the adoption process for such therapies, including understanding the awareness of and attitudes towards stem cell therapy for hearing loss among ear, nose and throat surgeons, physicians, audiologists and scientists, who are key stakeholders in the adoption process. METHODS A structured questionnaire has been developed and applied to assess the knowledge and awareness of the clinical community with respect to the future potential use of stem cell therapies to treat deafness. RESULTS Results showed >87% of the clinicians sampled have very little or no knowledge of stem cell therapy. A total of 11% have been asked by patients about the use of stem cell therapies to treat deafness, and 64% felt a new treatment is needed for deafness. Significantly, 40% felt that a stem cell therapy would be a good adjuvant to a cochlear implant. In total, 78% were supportive of investment in stem cell therapy research and manufacturing. This investment should be in work directed at those areas where clinicians favor adoption. CONCLUSION Alignment is required between the scientific and clinical communities. This should not only take into account the likelihood of scientific success when pursuing the therapeutic alternatives, but should also consider the clinical trial requirements, regulatory landscape and reimbursement conditions for each option.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khalid H M Ali
- ENT Department, University Hospitals of Leicester, Leicester, UK
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Okano T, Kelley MW. Stem cell therapy for the inner ear: recent advances and future directions. Trends Amplif 2012; 16:4-18. [PMID: 22514095 DOI: 10.1177/1084713812440336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
In vertebrates, perception of sound, motion, and balance is mediated through mechanosensory hair cells located within the inner ear. In mammals, hair cells are only generated during a short period of embryonic development. As a result, loss of hair cells as a consequence of injury, disease, or genetic mutation, leads to permanent sensory deficits. At present, cochlear implantation is the only option for profound hearing loss. However, outcomes are still variable and even the best implant cannot provide the acuity of a biological ear. The recent emergence of stem cell technology has the potential to open new approaches for hair cell regeneration. The goal of this review is to summarize the current state of inner ear stem cell research from a viewpoint of its clinical application for inner ear disorders to illustrate how complementary studies have the potential to promote and refine stem cell therapies for inner ear diseases. The review initially discusses our current understanding of the genetic pathways that regulate hair cell formation from inner ear progenitors during normal development. Subsequent sections discuss the possible use of endogenous inner ear stem cells to induce repair as well as the initial studies aimed at transplanting stem cells into the ear.
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Nishimura K, Nakagawa T, Sakamoto T, Ito J. Fates of murine pluripotent stem cell-derived neural progenitors following transplantation into mouse cochleae. Cell Transplant 2012; 21:763-71. [PMID: 22305181 DOI: 10.3727/096368911x623907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
This study evaluated the tumorigenesis risk of induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells after transplantation into the cochlea. One mouse embryonic stem (ES) cell line and three mouse iPS cell lines, one derived from adult mouse tail-tip fibroblasts (TTFs) and two from mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs), were neurally induced by stromal cell-inducing activity. Before transplantation, the efficiency of neural induction and the proportion of residual undifferentiated cells were evaluated using immunocytochemistry, and no significant differences were observed in the ratios of colonies expressing βIII tubulin, nestin, or octamer (Oct)3/4. Four weeks after transplantation into the cochleae of neonatal mice, the number of surviving transplants of TTF-derived iPS cells generated by retroviral infection was significantly higher than those of MEF-derived iPS cells generated by plasmid transfection. Teratoma formation was identified in one of five cochleae transplanted with TTF-derived iPS cells. However, no significant differences were found in the cell proliferation activity or the extent of differentiation into mature neurons among the cell lines. These findings emphasize the necessity of selecting appropriate iPS cell lines and developing methods to eliminate undifferentiated cells after neural induction, in order to establish safe iPS cell-based therapy for the inner ear.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koji Nishimura
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
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Devarajan K, Staecker H, Detamore MS. A review of gene delivery and stem cell based therapies for regenerating inner ear hair cells. J Funct Biomater 2011; 2:249-70. [PMID: 24956306 PMCID: PMC4030941 DOI: 10.3390/jfb2030249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2011] [Revised: 08/31/2011] [Accepted: 09/05/2011] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Sensory neural hearing loss and vestibular dysfunction have become the most common forms of sensory defects, affecting millions of people worldwide. Developing effective therapies to restore hearing loss is challenging, owing to the limited regenerative capacity of the inner ear hair cells. With recent advances in understanding the developmental biology of mammalian and non-mammalian hair cells a variety of strategies have emerged to restore lost hair cells are being developed. Two predominant strategies have developed to restore hair cells: transfer of genes responsible for hair cell genesis and replacement of missing cells via transfer of stem cells. In this review article, we evaluate the use of several genes involved in hair cell regeneration, the advantages and disadvantages of the different viral vectors employed in inner ear gene delivery and the insights gained from the use of embryonic, adult and induced pluripotent stem cells in generating inner ear hair cells. Understanding the role of genes, vectors and stem cells in therapeutic strategies led us to explore potential solutions to overcome the limitations associated with their use in hair cell regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hinrich Staecker
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, University of Kansas School of Medicine, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA.
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35
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Chen HC, Ma HI, Sytwu HK, Wang HW, Chen CCV, Liu SC, Chen CH, Chen HK, Wang CH. Neural stem cells secrete factors that promote auditory cell proliferation via a leukemia inhibitory factor signaling pathway. J Neurosci Res 2011; 88:3308-18. [PMID: 20882565 DOI: 10.1002/jnr.22492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The capacity for perpetual self-renewal is one of the main characteristics of stem cells. Little is known about the effect of embryonic neural stem cell (NSC)-secreted factors on auditory cell proliferation in vitro. In the present work, two auditory cell types were cultured in the presence of NSC-secreted molecules and were evaluated in vitro. Our results demonstrated that both cell viability and cell proliferation were significantly enhanced upon treatment with NSC conditioned medium, which contains significantly elevated levels of leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF) secreted by NSCs. The NSC conditioned medium not only activated the expression of leukemia inhibitory factor receptor in House Ear Institute-organ of Corti 1 cells but also up-regulated the LIF downstream signal transducers and activators of transcription (STAT) 1 and STAT3. Blocking either the LIF signaling pathway with neutralizing antibodies or the downstream Janus kinase (JAK)/STAT pathway with JAK2 inhibitor AG490 resulted in a dose-dependent inhibition of cell proliferation, suggesting that NSC-secreted molecules promote auditory cell survival via the regulatory LIF/JAK/STAT signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsin-Chien Chen
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
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36
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The Development of a Stem Cell Therapy for Deafness. Regen Med 2011. [DOI: 10.1007/978-90-481-9075-1_27] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
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37
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Wang M, Qiu J, Mi W, Wang F, Qu J. In vitro effect of altering potassium concentration in artificial endolymph on apoptosis and ultrastructure features of olfactory bulb neural precursor cells. Neurosci Lett 2011; 487:383-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2010.10.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2010] [Revised: 10/22/2010] [Accepted: 10/23/2010] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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Sullivan JM, Cohen MA, Pandit SR, Sahota RS, Borecki AA, Oleskevich S. Effect of epithelial stem cell transplantation on noise-induced hearing loss in adult mice. Neurobiol Dis 2010; 41:552-9. [PMID: 21059389 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2010.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2010] [Revised: 10/19/2010] [Accepted: 11/01/2010] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Noise trauma in mammals can result in damage to multiple epithelial cochlear cell types, producing permanent hearing loss. Here we investigate whether epithelial stem cell transplantation can ameliorate noise-induced hearing loss in mice. Epithelial stem/progenitor cells isolated from adult mouse tongue displayed extensive proliferation in vitro as well as positive immunolabelling for the epithelial stem cell marker p63. To examine the functional effects of cochlear transplantation of these cells, mice were exposed to noise trauma and the cells were transplanted via a lateral wall cochleostomy 2 days post-trauma. Changes in auditory function were assessed by determining auditory brainstem response (ABR) threshold shifts 4 weeks after stem cell transplantation or sham surgery. Stem/progenitor cell transplantation resulted in a significantly reduced permanent ABR threshold shift for click stimuli compared to sham-injected mice, as corroborated using two distinct analyses. Cell fate analyses revealed stem/progenitor cell survival and integration into suprastrial regions of the spiral ligament. These results suggest that transplantation of adult epithelial stem/progenitor cells can attenuate the ototoxic effects of noise trauma in a mammalian model of noise-induced hearing loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeremy M Sullivan
- Hearing Research Group, Neuroscience Program, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, New South Wales 2010, Australia
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Abstract
Sensory hair cells of the inner ear are responsible for translating auditory or vestibular stimuli into electrical energy that can be perceived by the nervous system. Although hair cells are exquisitely mechanically sensitive, they can be easily damaged by excessive stimulation by ototoxic drugs and by the effects of aging. In mammals, auditory hair cells are never replaced, such that cumulative damage to the ear causes progressive and permanent deafness. In contrast, non-mammalian vertebrates are capable of replacing lost hair cells, which has led to efforts to understand the molecular and cellular basis of regenerative responses in different vertebrate species. In this review, we describe recent progress in understanding the limits to hair cell regeneration in mammals and discuss the obstacles that currently exist for therapeutic approaches to hair cell replacement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew K Groves
- Department of Neuroscience, Baylor College of Medicine, BCM 295, 1 Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
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40
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Abstract
HYPOTHESIS Cell replacement therapy in the inner ear will contribute to the functional recovery of hearing loss. BACKGROUND Cell replacement therapy is a potentially powerful approach to replace degenerated or severely damaged spiral ganglion neurons. This study aimed at stimulating the neurite outgrowth of the implanted neurons and enhancing the potential therapeutic of inner ear cell implants. METHODS Chronic electrical stimulation (CES) and exogenous neurotrophic growth factor (NGF) were applied to 46 guinea pigs transplanted with embryonic dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons 4 days postdeafening. The animals were evaluated with the electrically evoked auditory brainstem responses (EABRs) at experimental Days 7, 11, 17, 24, and 31. The animals were euthanized at Day 31, and the inner ears were dissected for immunohistochemistry investigation. RESULTS Implanted DRG cells, identified by enhanced green fluorescent protein fluorescence and a neuronal marker, were found close to Rosenthal canal in the adult inner ear for up to 4 weeks after transplantation. Extensive neurite projections clearly, greater than in nontreated animals, were observed to penetrate the bony modiolus and reach the spiral ganglion region in animals supplied with CES and/or NGF. There was, however, no significant difference in the thresholds of EABRs between DRG-transplanted animals supplied with CES and/or NGF and DRG-transplanted animals without CES or NGF supplement. CONCLUSION The results suggest that CES and/or NGF can stimulate neurite outgrowth from implanted neurons, although based on EABR measurement, these interventions did not induce functional connections to the central auditory pathway. Additional time or novel approaches may enhance functional responsiveness of implanted cells in the adult cochlea.
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Bogaerts S, Clements JD, Sullivan JM, Oleskevich S. Automated threshold detection for auditory brainstem responses: comparison with visual estimation in a stem cell transplantation study. BMC Neurosci 2009; 10:104. [PMID: 19706195 PMCID: PMC3224692 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2202-10-104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2009] [Accepted: 08/26/2009] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Auditory brainstem responses (ABRs) are used to study auditory acuity in animal-based medical research. ABRs are evoked by acoustic stimuli, and consist of an electrical signal resulting from summated activity in the auditory nerve and brainstem nuclei. ABR analysis determines the sound intensity at which a neural response first appears (hearing threshold). Traditionally, threshold has been assessed by visual estimation of a series of ABRs evoked by different sound intensities. Here we develop an automated threshold detection method that eliminates the variability and subjectivity associated with visual estimation. RESULTS The automated method is a robust computational procedure that detects the sound level at which the peak amplitude of the evoked ABR signal first exceeds four times the standard deviation of the baseline noise. Implementation of the procedure was achieved by evoking ABRs in response to click and tone stimuli, under normal and experimental conditions (adult stem cell transplantation into cochlea). Automated detection revealed that the threshold shift from pre- to post-surgery hearing levels was similar in mice receiving stem cell transplantation or sham injection for click and tone stimuli. Visual estimation by independent observers corroborated these results but revealed variability in ABR threshold shifts and significance levels for stem cell-transplanted and sham-injected animals. CONCLUSION In summary, the automated detection method avoids the subjectivity of visual analysis and offers a rapid, easily accessible http://axograph.com/source/abr.html approach to measure hearing threshold levels in auditory brainstem response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofie Bogaerts
- Neuroscience Research Program, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, 2010, Australia.
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42
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Chen W, Johnson SL, Marcotti W, Andrews PW, Moore HD, Rivolta MN. Human fetal auditory stem cells can be expanded in vitro and differentiate into functional auditory neurons and hair cell-like cells. Stem Cells 2009; 27:1196-204. [PMID: 19418454 DOI: 10.1002/stem.62] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
In the quest to develop the tools necessary for a cell-based therapy for deafness, a critical step is to identify a suitable stem cell population. Moreover, the lack of a self-renovating model system for the study of cell fate determination in the human cochlea has impaired our understanding of the molecular events involved in normal human auditory development. We describe here the identification and isolation of a population of SOX2+OCT4+ human auditory stem cells from 9-week-old to 11-week-old fetal cochleae (hFASCs). These cells underwent long-term expansion in vitro and retained their capacity to differentiate into sensory hair cells and neurons, whose functional and electrophysiological properties closely resembled their in vivo counterparts during development. hFASCs, and the differentiating protocols defined here, could be used to study developing human cochlear neurons and hair cells, as models for drug screening and toxicity and may facilitate the development of cell-based therapies for deafness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Chen
- Centre for Stem Cell Biology, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
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43
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Coleman B, Rickard NA, de Silva MG, Shepherd RK. A protocol for cryoembedding the adult guinea pig cochlea for fluorescence immunohistology. J Neurosci Methods 2009; 176:144-51. [PMID: 18835298 PMCID: PMC2935960 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneumeth.2008.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2008] [Revised: 08/18/2008] [Accepted: 09/01/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Green fluorescent protein (GFP) has been used extensively to label cells in vitro and to track them following their transplantation in vivo. During our studies using the mouse embryonic stem cell line R1 B5-EGFP, we observed variable levels of fluorescence intensity of the GFP within these transfected cells. The variable fluorescence of this protein coupled with the innately autofluorescent nature of several structures within the cochlea collectively made the in vivo identification of these transplanted stem cells difficult. We have modified previously published protocols to enable the discrimination of an authentic GFP signal from autofluorescence in the adult guinea pig cochlea using fluorescence-based immunohistochemistry. The protocol described can also be used to label tissues of the cochlea using a chromogen, such as 3,3'-diaminobenzidine tetrahydrochloride (DAB). Moreover, the described method gives excellent preservation of structural morphology making the tissues useful for both morphological and quantitative studies in combination with robust immunohistochemistry in the adult guinea pig cochlea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bryony Coleman
- The Department of Otolaryngology, University of Melbourne, East Melbourne 3002, Australia; The Royal Victorian Eye and Ear Hospital, East Melbourne 3002, Australia.
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Richardson RT, Wise AK, Andrew JK, O'Leary SJ. Novel drug delivery systems for inner ear protection and regeneration after hearing loss. Expert Opin Drug Deliv 2009; 5:1059-76. [PMID: 18817513 DOI: 10.1517/17425247.5.10.1059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A cochlear implant, the only current treatment for restoring auditory perception after severe or profound sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL), works by electrically stimulating spiral ganglion neurons (SGNs). However, gradual degeneration of SGNs associated with SNHL can compromise the efficacy of the device. OBJECTIVE To review novel drug delivery systems for preserving and/or regenerating sensory cells in the cochlea after SNHL. METHODS The effectiveness of traditional cochlear drug delivery systems is compared to newer techniques such as cell, polymer and gene transfer technologies. Special requirements for local drug delivery to the cochlea are discussed, such as protecting residual hearing and site-specific drug delivery for cell preservation and regeneration. RESULTS/CONCLUSIONS Drug delivery systems with the potential for immediate clinical translation, as well as those that will contribute to the future of hearing preservation or cochlear cellular regeneration, are identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachael T Richardson
- Bionic Ear Institute, 384 Albert Street, East Melbourne, Victoria 3002, Australia.
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45
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Swan EEL, Mescher MJ, Sewell WF, Tao SL, Borenstein JT. Inner ear drug delivery for auditory applications. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2008; 60:1583-99. [PMID: 18848590 PMCID: PMC2657604 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2008.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 144] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2008] [Accepted: 08/21/2008] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Many inner ear disorders cannot be adequately treated by systemic drug delivery. A blood-cochlear barrier exists, similar physiologically to the blood-brain barrier, which limits the concentration and size of molecules able to leave the circulation and gain access to the cells of the inner ear. However, research in novel therapeutics and delivery systems has led to significant progress in the development of local methods of drug delivery to the inner ear. Intratympanic approaches, which deliver therapeutics to the middle ear, rely on permeation through tissue for access to the structures of the inner ear, whereas intracochlear methods are able to directly insert drugs into the inner ear. Innovative drug delivery systems to treat various inner ear ailments such as ototoxicity, sudden sensorineural hearing loss, autoimmune inner ear disease, and for preserving neurons and regenerating sensory cells are being explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erin E Leary Swan
- Charles Stark Draper Laboratory, 555 Technology Square, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
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46
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Backhouse S, Coleman B, Shepherd R. Surgical access to the mammalian cochlea for cell-based therapies. Exp Neurol 2008; 214:193-200. [PMID: 18773894 PMCID: PMC2630853 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2008.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2008] [Revised: 08/04/2008] [Accepted: 08/05/2008] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Cochlear implants are dependent on functionally viable spiral ganglion neurons (SGNs) - the primary auditory neurons of the inner ear. Cell-based therapies are being used experimentally in an attempt to rescue SGNs from deafness-induced degeneration or to generate new neurons. The success of these therapies will be dependent on the development of surgical techniques designed to ensure precise cell placement while minimizing surgical trauma, adverse tissue reaction and cell dispersal. Using 24 normal adult guinea pigs we assessed three surgical procedures for cell delivery into the cochlea: (i) a cochleostomy into the scala tympani (ST); (ii) direct access to Rosenthal's canal - the site of the SGN soma - via a localized fracture of the osseous spiral lamina (RC); and (iii) direct access to the auditory nerve via a translabyrinthine surgical approach (TL). Half the cohort had surgery alone while the other half had surgery combined with the delivery of biocompatible microspheres designed to model implanted cells. Following a four week survival period the inflammatory response and SGN survival were measured for each cohort and the location of microspheres were determined. We observed a wide variability across the three surgical approaches examined, including the extent of the inflammatory tissue response (TL>>RC> or =ST) and the survival of SGNs (ST>RC>>TL). Importantly, microspheres were effectively retained at the implant site after all three surgical approaches. Direct access to Rosenthal's canal offered the most promising surgical approach to the SGNs, although the technique must be further refined to reduce the localized trauma associated with the procedure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven Backhouse
- The Bionic Ear Institute, 384 Albert Street, East Melbourne, Victoria 3002, Australia
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Cotanche DA. Genetic and pharmacological intervention for treatment/prevention of hearing loss. JOURNAL OF COMMUNICATION DISORDERS 2008; 41:421-443. [PMID: 18455177 PMCID: PMC2574670 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcomdis.2008.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2008] [Accepted: 03/12/2008] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Twenty years ago it was first demonstrated that birds could regenerate their cochlear hair cells following noise damage or aminoglycoside treatment. An understanding of how this structural and functional regeneration occurred might lead to the development of therapies for treatment of sensorineural hearing loss in humans. Recent experiments have demonstrated that noise exposure and aminoglycoside treatment lead to apoptosis of the hair cells. In birds, this programmed cell death induces the adjacent supporting cells to undergo regeneration to replace the lost hair cells. Although hair cells in the mammalian cochlea undergo apoptosis in response to noise damage and ototoxic drug treatment, the supporting cells do not possess the ability to undergo regeneration. However, current experiments on genetic manipulation, gene therapy, and stem cell transplantation suggest that regeneration in the mammalian cochlea may eventually be possible and may 1 day provide a therapeutic tool for hearing loss in humans. LEARNING OUTCOMES The reader should be able to: (1) Describe the anatomy of the avian and mammalian cochlea, identify the individual cell types in the organ of Corti, and distinguish major features that participate in hearing function, (2) Demonstrate a knowledge of how sound damage and aminoglycoside poisoning induce apoptosis of hair cells in the cochlea, (3) Define how hair cell loss in the avian cochlea leads to regeneration of new hair cells and distinguish this from the mammalian cochlea where there is no regeneration following damage, and (4) Interpret the potential for new approaches, such as genetic manipulation, gene therapy and stem cell transplantation, could provide a therapeutic approach to hair cell loss in the mammalian cochlea.
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MESH Headings
- Aminoglycosides/toxicity
- Animals
- Apoptosis/drug effects
- Apoptosis/genetics
- Apoptosis/physiology
- Birds
- Cell Proliferation/drug effects
- Genetic Therapy
- Guinea Pigs
- Hair Cells, Auditory/drug effects
- Hair Cells, Auditory/pathology
- Hair Cells, Auditory/physiology
- Hearing Loss, Noise-Induced/pathology
- Hearing Loss, Noise-Induced/physiopathology
- Hearing Loss, Noise-Induced/therapy
- Hearing Loss, Sensorineural/pathology
- Hearing Loss, Sensorineural/physiopathology
- Hearing Loss, Sensorineural/therapy
- Humans
- Mice
- Mice, Knockout
- Microscopy, Confocal
- Nerve Regeneration/drug effects
- Nerve Regeneration/genetics
- Nerve Regeneration/physiology
- Organ of Corti/drug effects
- Organ of Corti/pathology
- Organ of Corti/physiopathology
- Stem Cell Transplantation
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Affiliation(s)
- Douglas A Cotanche
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Hearing Research, Department of Otolaryngology, Children's Hospital Boston, Boston, MA, USA.
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Praetorius M, Vicario I, Schimmang >T. Efficient transfer of embryonic stem cells into the cochlea via a non-invasive vestibular route. Acta Otolaryngol 2008; 128:720-3. [PMID: 18568511 DOI: 10.1080/00016480701714236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
CONCLUSION Cell transplantation into the utriculus provides an efficient and non-invasive route to introduce embryonic stem (ES) cells into the vestibular and cochlear portions of the inner ear. OBJECTIVE The transfer of stem cells into the inner ear for therapeutic purposes is an important approach to cure damage to the cochlea and vestibulum. A key issue is to provide an entry point for cell transplants into the inner ear that does not affect its physiologic functions. The aim of this study was to examine the feasibility of transferring ES cells into the inner ear via the utriculus. MATERIALS AND METHODS ES cells were injected via utriculostomy into the mouse inner ear. The distribution of the injected cells was determined using a beta-galactosidase marker gene expressed by the ES cells. RESULTS Injected ES cells were found within the perilymph of the scala tympani and vestibuli. Moreover, ES cells were detected close to the cochlear sensory epithelium and spiral limbus.
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Lang H, Schulte BA, Goddard JC, Hedrick M, Schulte JB, Wei L, Schmiedt RA. Transplantation of mouse embryonic stem cells into the cochlea of an auditory-neuropathy animal model: effects of timing after injury. J Assoc Res Otolaryngol 2008; 9:225-40. [PMID: 18449604 DOI: 10.1007/s10162-008-0119-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2007] [Accepted: 03/06/2008] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Application of ouabain to the round window membrane of the gerbil selectively induces the death of most spiral ganglion neurons and thus provides an excellent model for investigating the survival and differentiation of embryonic stem cells (ESCs) introduced into the inner ear. In this study, mouse ESCs were pretreated with a neural-induction protocol and transplanted into Rosenthal's canal (RC), perilymph, or endolymph of Mongolian gerbils either 1-3 days (early post-injury transplant group) or 7 days or longer (late post-injury transplant group) after ouabain injury. Overall, ESC survival in RC and perilymphatic spaces was significantly greater in the early post-injury microenvironment as compared to the later post-injury condition. Viable clusters of ESCs within RC and perilymphatic spaces appeared to be associated with neovascularization in the early post-injury group. A small number of ESCs transplanted within RC stained for mature neuronal or glial cell markers. ESCs introduced into perilymph survived in several locations, but most differentiated into glia-like cells. ESCs transplanted into endolymph survived poorly if at all. These experiments demonstrate that there is an optimal time window for engraftment and survival of ESCs that occurs in the early post-injury period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hainan Lang
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, 165 Ashley Avenue, P.O. Box 250908, Charleston, SC 29425, USA.
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Advances in Molecular and Cellular Therapies for Hearing Loss. Mol Ther 2008; 16:224-236. [DOI: 10.1038/sj.mt.6300351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2007] [Accepted: 10/10/2007] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
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