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Bardol T, Pageaux GP, Assenat E, Alix-Panabières C. Circulating Tumor DNA Clinical Applications in Hepatocellular Carcinoma: Current Trends and Future Perspectives. Clin Chem 2024; 70:33-48. [PMID: 37962158 DOI: 10.1093/clinchem/hvad168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 09/13/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Globally, liver cancers are the second most lethal malignancy after lung cancer (0.83 million deaths in 2020). Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the predominant type of primary liver cancer and is typically associated with liver fibrosis or cirrhosis. HCC diagnosis relies on histologic examination of surgical specimens or conventional tissue biopsy material. However, standard tissue biopsies are invasive and often do not accurately reflect the tumor heterogeneity. On the other hand, the use of liquid biopsies, represented mainly by circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) and circulating tumor cells (CTCs), has greatly increased in the past 2 decades. Indeed, liquid biopsies are a noninvasive, repeatable, and sensitive approach to studying tumor biology. CONTENT This review describes current clinical applications of ctDNA analysis in the management of patients with chronic liver disease, cirrhosis, and HCC. There is a substantial clinical potential of ctDNA, but interventional studies are still lacking for the moment. SUMMARY Detection of ctDNA in both asymptomatic individuals and high-risk patients (with chronic liver disease or cirrhosis) contributes to the early diagnosis of HCC. ctDNA analysis also offer tremendous information on the tumor burden and on the risk of early recurrence. The implementation of ctDNA analysis, in association with classical tumor markers (e.g., alpha-fetoprotein), may improve (a) HCC screening in high-risk patients, (b) stratification of the recurrence risk after surgery, and (c) prognosis evaluation of patients with HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Bardol
- Laboratory of Rare Human Circulating Cells, University Hospital Center, University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France
- CREEC, MIVEGEC, University of Montpellier, CNRS, IRD, Montpellier, France
- Department of Digestive Surgery and Transplantation, Digestive and Mini-invasive Surgery Unit, Montpellier University Hospital, Montpellier University, Montpellier, France
| | - Georges-Philippe Pageaux
- Hepatology and Liver Transplant Unit, Saint Eloi University Hospital, Montpellier University, Montpellier, France
| | - Eric Assenat
- Department of Medical Oncology, Saint Eloi University Hospital Center, Montpellier University, Montpellier, France
| | - Catherine Alix-Panabières
- Laboratory of Rare Human Circulating Cells, University Hospital Center, University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France
- CREEC, MIVEGEC, University of Montpellier, CNRS, IRD, Montpellier, France
- European Liquid Biopsy Society (ELBS), Hamburg, Germany
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Xiang Z, Xie Q, Yu Z. Exosomal DNA: Role in Reflecting Tumor Genetic Heterogeneity, Diagnosis, and Disease Monitoring. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 16:57. [PMID: 38201485 PMCID: PMC10778000 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16010057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2023] [Revised: 12/17/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs), with exosomes at the forefront, are key in transferring cellular information and assorted biological materials, including nucleic acids. While exosomal RNA has been thoroughly examined, exploration into exosomal DNA (exoDNA)-which is stable and promising for cancer diagnostics-lags behind. This hybrid genetic material, combining contributions from both nuclear and mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA), is rooted in the cytoplasm. The enigmatic process concerning its cytoplasmic encapsulation continues to captivate researchers. Covering the entire genetic landscape, exoDNA encases significant oncogenic alterations in genes like TP53, ALK, and IDH1, which is vital for clinical assessment. This review delves into exosomal origins, the ins and outs of DNA encapsulation, and exoDNA's link to tumor biology, underscoring its superiority to circulating tumor DNA in the biomarker arena for both detection and therapy. Amidst scientific progress, there are complexities in the comprehension and practical application of the exoDNA surface. Reflecting on these nuances, we chart the prospective research terrain and potential pitfalls, forging a path for future inquiry. By illuminating both the known and unknown facets of exoDNA, the objective of this review is to provide guidance to the field of liquid biopsy (LB) while minimizing the occurrence of avoidable blind spots and detours.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziyi Xiang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Stomatology, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, China;
| | - Qihui Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Stomatology, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, China;
| | - Zili Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Stomatology, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, China;
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, China
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Temilola DO, Adeola HA, Grobbelaar J, Chetty M. Liquid Biopsy in Head and Neck Cancer: Its Present State and Future Role in Africa. Cells 2023; 12:2663. [PMID: 37998398 PMCID: PMC10670726 DOI: 10.3390/cells12222663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Revised: 11/12/2023] [Accepted: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023] Open
Abstract
The rising mortality and morbidity rate of head and neck cancer (HNC) in Africa has been attributed to factors such as the poor state of health infrastructures, genetics, and late presentation resulting in the delayed diagnosis of these tumors. If well harnessed, emerging molecular and omics diagnostic technologies such as liquid biopsy can potentially play a major role in optimizing the management of HNC in Africa. However, to successfully apply liquid biopsy technology in the management of HNC in Africa, factors such as genetic, socioeconomic, environmental, and cultural acceptability of the technology must be given due consideration. This review outlines the role of circulating molecules such as tumor cells, tumor DNA, tumor RNA, proteins, and exosomes, in liquid biopsy technology for the management of HNC with a focus on studies conducted in Africa. The present state and the potential opportunities for the future use of liquid biopsy technology in the effective management of HNC in resource-limited settings such as Africa is further discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dada Oluwaseyi Temilola
- Department of Craniofacial Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, University of the Western Cape, Tygerberg Hospital, Cape Town 7505, South Africa;
| | - Henry Ademola Adeola
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, Faculty of Dentistry, University of the Western Cape, Tygerberg Hospital, Cape Town 7505, South Africa;
- Division of Dermatology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences and Groote Schuur Hospital, University of Cape Town, Cape Town 7925, South Africa
| | - Johan Grobbelaar
- Division of Otorhinolaryngology, Department of Surgical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Tygerberg Hospital, Cape Town 7505, South Africa;
| | - Manogari Chetty
- Department of Craniofacial Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, University of the Western Cape, Tygerberg Hospital, Cape Town 7505, South Africa;
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Medina JE, Dracopoli NC, Bach PB, Lau A, Scharpf RB, Meijer GA, Andersen CL, Velculescu VE. Cell-free DNA approaches for cancer early detection and interception. J Immunother Cancer 2023; 11:e006013. [PMID: 37696619 PMCID: PMC10496721 DOI: 10.1136/jitc-2022-006013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 09/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Rapid advancements in the area of early cancer detection have brought us closer to achieving the goals of finding cancer early enough to treat or cure it, while avoiding harms of overdiagnosis. We evaluate progress in the development of early cancer detection tests in the context of the current principles for cancer screening. We review cell-free DNA (cfDNA)-based approaches using mutations, methylation, or fragmentomes for early cancer detection. Lastly, we discuss the challenges in demonstrating clinical utility of these tests before integration into routine clinical care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jamie E Medina
- Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | | | | | - Anna Lau
- Delfi Diagnostics Inc, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Robert B Scharpf
- Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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Chamba C, Mawalla W. The future of lymphoma diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment monitoring in countries with limited access to pathology services. Semin Hematol 2023; 60:215-219. [PMID: 37596119 DOI: 10.1053/j.seminhematol.2023.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Revised: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/20/2023]
Abstract
The world is moving towards precision medicine for cancer. This movement goes hand in hand with the development of newer advanced technologies for early, precise diagnosis of cancer and personalized treatment plans with fewer adverse effects for the patient. Liquid biopsy is one such advancement. At the same time, it has the advantage of minimal invasion and avoids serial invasive biopsies. In countries with limited access to pathology services, such as sub-Saharan Africa, liquid biopsy may provide an opportunity for early detection and prognostication of lymphoma. We discuss the current diagnostic modalities for lymphoma, highlighting the existing challenges with tissue biopsy, and how feasible it is for countries with limited pathology resources to leverage advancements made in the clinical application of liquid biopsy to improve lymphoma care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clara Chamba
- Department of Hematology and Blood Transfusion, Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania.
| | - William Mawalla
- Department of Hematology and Blood Transfusion, Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
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Kumar S, Nadda N, Quadri A, Kumar R, Paul S, Tanwar P, Gamanagatti S, Dash NR, Saraya A, Shalimar, Nayak B. Assessments of TP53 and CTNNB1 gene hotspot mutations in circulating tumour DNA of hepatitis B virus-induced hepatocellular carcinoma. Front Genet 2023; 14:1235260. [PMID: 37593116 PMCID: PMC10429180 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2023.1235260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is one of the major causes of chronic liver disease, which progresses from chronic hepatitis B (CHB) to fibrosis, cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Early detection and laboratory-based screening of hepatocellular carcinoma are still major challenges. This study was undertaken to determine whether the cancer hallmark gene signatures that are released into circulation as circulating tumour DNA (ctDNA) can be used as a liquid biopsy marker for screening, early detection, and prognosis of HCC. Methods: A total of 130 subjects, including HBV-HCC (n = 80), HBV-cirrhotic and non-cirrhotic (n = 35), and healthy (n = 15) controls, were evaluated for TP53 and beta-catenin (CTNNB1) gene hotspot mutations in ctDNA by Sanger-based cycle sequencing and droplet digital PCR (ddPCR) assays. Mutation detection frequency, percentage mutant fractions, and their association with tumour stage, mortality, and smoking habits were determined. Results: Sanger-based cycle sequencing was carried out for 32 HCC patients. Predict SNP Tools analysis indicated several pathogenic driver mutations in the ctDNA sequence, which include p.D228N, p.C229R, p.H233R, p.Y234D, p.S240T, p.G245S, and p.R249M for TP53 gene exon 7 and p.S33T for CTNNB1 gene exon 3. The TP53 c.746G>T (p.R249M) mutation was detected predominately (25% cases) by sequencing, but there was no dominant mutation at position c.747G>T (p.R249S) that was reported for HBV-HCC patients. A dual-probe ddPCR assay was developed to determine mutant and wild-type copy numbers of TP53 (p.R249M and p.R249S) and CTNNB1 (p.S45P) and their percentage mutant fraction in all 130 subjects. The TP53 R249M and CTNNB1 S45P mutations were detected in 31.25% and 26.25% of HCC patients, respectively, with a high mutant-to-wild-type fraction percentage (1.81% and 1.73%), which is significant as compared to cirrhotic and non-cirrhotic patients. Poor survival was observed in HCC patients with combined TP53 and CTNNB1 gene driver mutations. The TP53 R249M mutation was also significantly (p < 0.0001) associated with smoking habits (OR, 11.77; 95% CI, 3.219-36.20), but not the same for the TP53 R249S mutation. Conclusion: Screening of ctDNA TP53 and CTNNB1 gene mutations by ddPCR may be helpful for early detection and identifying the risk of HCC progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonu Kumar
- Department of Gastroenterology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Neeti Nadda
- Department of Gastroenterology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Afnan Quadri
- Department of Gastroenterology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Rahul Kumar
- Laboratory Oncology Unit (BRA-IRCH), All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Shashi Paul
- Radiodiagnosis, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Pranay Tanwar
- Laboratory Oncology Unit (BRA-IRCH), All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | | | - Nihar Ranjan Dash
- Gastrointestinal Surgery, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Anoop Saraya
- Department of Gastroenterology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Shalimar
- Department of Gastroenterology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Baibaswata Nayak
- Department of Gastroenterology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
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Lawrence P, Chabane M, Abrouk L, Thiesson A, Berthé D, Diarra AB, Bengaly K, Traoré B, Kassogué D, Durand G, Voegele C, Le Calvez-Kelm F, Steenkeste N, Hainaut P, Kouriba B, Gormally E. First Molecular Characterization of Chronic Hepatitis B Carriers in Timbuktu, Mali. Diagnostics (Basel) 2023; 13:375. [PMID: 36766478 PMCID: PMC9913942 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics13030375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Revised: 01/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
In Mali, hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the third and sixth most common cancer in men and women, respectively. Mali comprises several distinct climato-ecological zones. Most studies to date have been conducted in the sub-Sahelian zone of southern Mali, including the capital city Bamako. In this part of the country, the main risk factors for HCC are chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) carriage and dietary exposure to aflatoxins, a well-known hepatocarcinogen. Data are scarce for other ecological zones, but our preliminary data from 721 blood donors in the area of Timbuktu, presented in this study, suggest that chronic HBV carriage is also endemic in the northern Saharan zone of Mali. For further study, 29 healthy HBV chronic carrier volunteers were recruited from the blood transfusion center in Timbuktu. Successful viral genotyping in 20 volunteers revealed HBV genotype E in 13 cases and D in 7 cases, suggesting that this geographical and anthropological transition zone may also represent a transition zone between HBV genotypes that dominate sub-Saharan and northern Africa, respectively. Sequencing of circulating cell-free plasma DNA (cfDNA) from donors did not reveal the presence of the TP53 R249S mutation in these donors, a marker of dietary exposure to aflatoxins in sub-Saharan Africa. These results suggest that the geo-epidemiological distribution of the risk factors for HCC is not uniform across Mali, but is dependent upon climatic, socioeconomic and anthropological factors that might have an impact on patterns of chronic liver disease and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip Lawrence
- CONFLUENCE: Sciences et Humanités Confluence (EA 1598), Université Catholique de Lyon (UCLy), 69002 Lyon, France
| | | | - Lucie Abrouk
- CONFLUENCE: Sciences et Humanités Confluence (EA 1598), Université Catholique de Lyon (UCLy), 69002 Lyon, France
| | - Adrien Thiesson
- CONFLUENCE: Sciences et Humanités Confluence (EA 1598), Université Catholique de Lyon (UCLy), 69002 Lyon, France
| | | | - Amadou B. Diarra
- Centre National de Transfusion Sanguine (CNTS, National Blood Bank), Bamako BPE1520, Mali
| | - Karim Bengaly
- Centre d’Infectiologie Charles Mérieux, Bamako BPE2283, Mali
| | - Brehima Traoré
- Centre d’Infectiologie Charles Mérieux, Bamako BPE2283, Mali
| | | | - Geoffroy Durand
- International Agency for Research on Cancer, 69008 Lyon, France
| | | | | | | | - Pierre Hainaut
- Institute of Advanced Biosciences, INSERM U1209, CNRS UMR 5309, Université Grenoble Alpes, 38700 La Tronche, France
| | - Bourema Kouriba
- Centre d’Infectiologie Charles Mérieux, Bamako BPE2283, Mali
| | - Emmanuelle Gormally
- CONFLUENCE: Sciences et Humanités Confluence (EA 1598), Université Catholique de Lyon (UCLy), 69002 Lyon, France
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Pathology of Combined Hepatocellular Carcinoma-Cholangiocarcinoma: An Update. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:cancers15020494. [PMID: 36672443 PMCID: PMC9856551 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15020494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Revised: 01/08/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Combined hepatocellular carcinoma-cholangiocarcinoma (cHCC-CCA) is a rare primary liver cancer that is composed of both hepatocellular and cholangiocellular differentiated cells. It is slightly more common in men and among Asian and Pacific islanders. Overall, risk factors are similar to classic risk factors of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The classification has significantly evolved over time. The last WHO classification (2019) mainly emphasized diagnosis on morphological basis with routine stainings, discarded previously recognized classifications with carcinomas with stem cell features, introduced intermediate cell carcinoma as a specific subtype and considered cholangiolocarcinoma as a subtype of cholangiocellular carcinoma. Immunohistochemical markers may be applied for further specification but have limited value for diagnosis. Recent discoveries in molecular pathway regulation may pioneer new therapeutic approaches for this poor prognostic and challenging diagnosis.
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Li JJ, Lv Y, Ji H. Diagnostic performance of circulating tumor DNA as a minimally invasive biomarker for hepatocellular carcinoma: a systematic review and meta-analysis. PeerJ 2022; 10:e14303. [PMID: 36348665 PMCID: PMC9637356 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.14303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2022] [Accepted: 10/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose This study aimed to assess the diagnostic performance of circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Materials and Methods We enrolled all relevant studies published up to 5 January 2022. Three primary subgroups were investigated: qualitative or quantitative ctDNA analyses, combined alpha-fetoprotein (AFP), and ctDNA assay. In addition to the three primary subgroups, we also evaluated the diagnostic value of methylated SEPTIN9 (mSEPT9), which has been studied extensively in the diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma. After a search based on four primary databases, we used a bivariate linear mixed model to analyze the pooled sensitivity (SEN), specificity (SPE), positive likelihood ratio (PLR), negative likelihood ratio (NLR), and diagnostic odds ratio (DOR). We also plotted hierarchical summary receiver operating characteristics (HSROC) and utilized lambda as well as the area under the curve (AUC) to create summary receiver operating characteristic (SROC) curves to estimate the diagnostic value of ctDNA. Results A total of 59 qualified articles with 9,766 subjects were incorporated into our meta-analysis. The integrated SEN, SPE, and DOR in the qualitative studies were 0.50 (95% CI [0.43-0.56]), 0.90 (95% CI [0.86-0.93]), and 8.72 (95% CI [6.18-12.32]), respectively, yielding an AUC of 0.78 and lambda of 1.93 (95% CI [1.56-2.33]). For quantitative studies, the corresponding values were 0.69 (95% CI [0.63-0.74]), 0.84 (95% CI [0.77-0.89]), 11.88 (95% CI [7.78-18.12]), 0.81, and 2.32 (95% CI [1.96-2.69]), respectively. Six studies were included to evaluate the SETP9 methylation, which yielded an AUC of 0.86, a SEN of 0.80 (95% CI [0.71-0.87]), and a SPE of 0.77 (95% CI [0.68-0.85]). Likewise, ctDNA concentration yielded an AUC of 0.73, with a SEN of 0.63 (95% CI [0.56-0.70]) and a SPE of 0.86 (95% CI [0.74-0.93]). AFP combined with ctDNA assay resulted in an AUC of 0.89, with a SEN of 0.82 (95% CI [0.77-0.86]) and a SPE of 0.84 (95% CI [0.76-0.90]). Conclusion This study shows that circulating tumor DNA, particularly mSEPT9, shows promising diagnostic potential in HCC; however, it is not enough to diagnose HCC independently, and ctDNA combined with conventional assays such as AFP can effectively improve diagnostic performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Jie Li
- Hepatobiliary Pancreatic Department, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Yanqing Lv
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Medicine, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Huifan Ji
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Medicine, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
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Mbaga DS, Kenmoe S, Kengne-Ndé C, Ebogo-Belobo JT, Mahamat G, Foe-Essomba JR, Amougou-Atsama M, Tchatchouang S, Nyebe I, Feudjio AF, Kame-Ngasse GI, Magoudjou-Pekam JN, Fokou LKM, Meta-Djomsi D, Maïdadi-Foudi M, Touangnou-Chamda SA, Daha-Tchoffo AG, Selly-Ngaloumo AA, Nayang-Mundo RA, Yéngué JF, Taya-Fokou JB, Kenfack-Momo R, Atembeh Noura E, Demeni Emoh CP, Tazokong HR, Bowo-Ngandji A, Sake CS, Atenguena Okobalemba E, Njiki Bikoi J, Njouom R, Riwom Essama SH. Hepatitis B, C and D virus infections and risk of hepatocellular carcinoma in Africa: A meta-analysis including sensitivity analyses for studies comparable for confounders. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0262903. [PMID: 35061846 PMCID: PMC8782350 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0262903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2021] [Accepted: 01/09/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Africa denotes unique facies for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) characterized by a conjunction of low sensitization, restricted access to diagnosis and treatment and associated with the highest incidence and mortality in the world. We investigated whether hepatitis B (HBV), C (HCV) and D (VHD) viruses were etiological agents of HCC in Africa. Methods Relevant articles were searched in PubMed, Web of Science, African Index Medicus, and African Journal Online databases, as well as manual searches in relevant reviews and included articles. Analytical studies from Africa evaluating the association between HCC development and HBV, HCV, and HDV were included. Relevant studies were selected, data extracted, and the risk of bias assessed independently by at least 2 investigators. The association was estimated using odds ratios (OR) and their 95% confidence interval (95% CI) determined by a random-effects model. Sources of heterogeneity were determined by subgroup analyses. Results A total of 36 case-control studies were included. With controls having non-hepatic disease, the overall results suggested a significantly increased risk of HCC in patients with HBV (HBeAg (OR = 19.9; 95% CI = [3.7–105.2]), HBsAg (OR = 9.9; 95%) CI = [6.2–15.6]) and DNA (OR = 8.9; 95% CI = [5.9–13.4]); HCV (Anti-HCV (OR = 9.4; 95% CI = [6.3–14.0]) and RNA (OR = 16.5; 95% CI = [7.8–34.6]); HDV (Anti-VHD, (OR = 25.8; 95% CI = [5.9–112.2]); and HBV/HCV coinfections (HBV DNA/HCV RNA (OR = 22.5; 95% CI = [1.3–387.8]). With apparently healthy controls, the overall results suggested a significantly increased risk of HCC in patients with HBV (HBsAg, (OR = 8.9; 95% CI = [6.0–13.0]); HCV (Anti-HCV, (OR = 7.7; 95% CI = [5.6–10.6]); and HBV/HCV coinfections (HBsAg/Anti-HCV (OR = 7.8; 95% CI = [4.4–13.6]) Substantial heterogeneity and the absence of publication bias were recorded for these results. Conclusions In Africa, HBV/HCV coinfections and HBV, HCV, and HDV infections are associated with an increased risk of developing HCC. The implementation of large-scale longitudinal and prospective studies including healthy participants to search for early biomarkers of the risk of progression to HCC is urgently needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donatien Serge Mbaga
- Department of Microbiology, The University of Yaounde I, Yaoundé, Cameroon
- * E-mail: (DSM); (SK)
| | - Sebastien Kenmoe
- Virology Department, Centre Pasteur of Cameroon, Yaoundé, Cameroon
- * E-mail: (DSM); (SK)
| | - Cyprien Kengne-Ndé
- Evaluation and Research Unit, National AIDS Control Committee, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - Jean Thierry Ebogo-Belobo
- Medical Research Centre, Institute of Medical Research and Medicinal Plants Studies, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - Gadji Mahamat
- Department of Microbiology, The University of Yaounde I, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | | | - Marie Amougou-Atsama
- Centre de Recherche sur les Maladies Émergentes et Re-Emergentes, Institute of Medical Research and Medicinal Plants Studies, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | | | - Inès Nyebe
- Department of Microbiology, The University of Yaounde I, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | | | - Ginette Irma Kame-Ngasse
- Medical Research Centre, Institute of Medical Research and Medicinal Plants Studies, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | | | | | - Dowbiss Meta-Djomsi
- Centre de Recherche sur les Maladies Émergentes et Re-Emergentes, Institute of Medical Research and Medicinal Plants Studies, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - Martin Maïdadi-Foudi
- Centre de Recherche sur les Maladies Émergentes et Re-Emergentes, Institute of Medical Research and Medicinal Plants Studies, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Raoul Kenfack-Momo
- Department of Biochemistry, The University of Yaounde I, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - Efietngab Atembeh Noura
- Medical Research Centre, Institute of Medical Research and Medicinal Plants Studies, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | | | | | - Arnol Bowo-Ngandji
- Department of Microbiology, The University of Yaounde I, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | | | | | - Jacky Njiki Bikoi
- Department of Microbiology, The University of Yaounde I, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - Richard Njouom
- Virology Department, Centre Pasteur of Cameroon, Yaoundé, Cameroon
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Khalfi P, Suspène R, Caval V, Thiers V, Beauclair G, Marchio A, Bekondi C, Amougou Atsama M, Camengo-Police SM, Noah Noah D, Njouom R, Blanc H, Vallet T, Vignuzzi M, Pineau P, Vartanian JP. APOBEC3C S188I polymorphism enhances context specific editing of Hepatitis B virus genome. J Infect Dis 2022; 226:891-895. [PMID: 35022749 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiac003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2021] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
A single nucleotide polymorphism in APOBEC3C (serine to isoleucine in position 188) is present in ~10% of African populations and greatly enhances restriction against HIV-1 and SIV by improving dimerization and DNA processivity of the enzyme. In this study, we demonstrated in culture and in infected patients that HBV could be edited by APOBEC3CS188I. Using next generation sequencing, we demonstrated that APOBEC3CS188I led to an enhanced editing activity in a more specific 5'TpCpA->5'TpTpA context. This constitutes a new hallmark of this enzyme which could be used to determine its impact on HBV or nuclear DNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierre Khalfi
- Department of Virology, Institut Pasteur, Université de Paris, Paris, France.,Complexité du Vivant, ED515, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
| | - Rodolphe Suspène
- Department of Virology, Institut Pasteur, Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Vincent Caval
- Department of Virology, Institut Pasteur, Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Valérie Thiers
- Department of Virology, Institut Pasteur, Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Guillaume Beauclair
- Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Agnès Marchio
- Nuclear Organization and Oncogenesis unit, INSERM U993, Institut Pasteur, Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Claudine Bekondi
- Retrovirology and Oncogenic Viruses unit, Institut Pasteur de Bangui, Bangui, République Centrafricaine
| | | | | | - Dominique Noah Noah
- Gastroenterology Service, Hôpital de l'Amitié, Bangui, République Centrafricaine
| | - Richard Njouom
- Virology Service, Centre Pasteur du Cameroun, Yaoundé, Cameroun
| | - Hervé Blanc
- Viral Populations and Pathogenesis unit, Institut Pasteur, Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Thomas Vallet
- Viral Populations and Pathogenesis unit, Institut Pasteur, Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Marco Vignuzzi
- Viral Populations and Pathogenesis unit, Institut Pasteur, Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Pascal Pineau
- Nuclear Organization and Oncogenesis unit, INSERM U993, Institut Pasteur, Université de Paris, Paris, France
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12
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Zhang Y, Liu Z, Ji K, Li X, Wang C, Ren Z, Liu Y, Chen X, Han X, Meng L, Li L, Li Z. Clinical Application Value of Circulating Cell-free DNA in Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Front Mol Biosci 2021; 8:736330. [PMID: 34660697 PMCID: PMC8511426 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2021.736330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most common cancers worldwide and a leading cause of cancer-related deaths. Due to late diagnosis, early intrahepatic metastasis and nonresponse to systemic treatments, surgical resection and/or biopsy specimens remain the gold standard for disease staging, grading and clinical decision-making. Since only a small amount of tissue was obtained in a needle biopsy, the conventional tissue biopsy is unable to represent tumor heterogeneity in HCC. For this reason, it is imperative to find a new non-invasive and easily available diagnostic tool to detect HCC at an early stage and to monitor HCC recurrence. The past decade has witnessed considerable evolution in the development of liquid biopsy technologies with the emergence of next-generation sequencing. As a liquid biopsy approach, molecular analysis of cell-free DNA (cfDNA), characterized by noninvasiveness and real-time analysis, may accurately represent the tumor burden and comprehensively reflect genetic profile of HCC. Therefore, cfDNA may be used clinically as a predictive biomarker in early diagnosis, outcome assessment, and even molecular typing. In this review, we provide an update on the recent advances made in clinical applications of cfDNA in HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuyuan Zhang
- Department of Interventional Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,Interventional Institute of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,Interventional Treatment and Clinical Research Center of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Zaoqu Liu
- Department of Interventional Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,Interventional Institute of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,Interventional Treatment and Clinical Research Center of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Kun Ji
- Department of Interventional Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,Interventional Institute of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,Interventional Treatment and Clinical Research Center of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xin Li
- Department of Interventional Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,Interventional Institute of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,Interventional Treatment and Clinical Research Center of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Caihong Wang
- Department of Magnetic Resonance, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Zhigang Ren
- Department of Infections Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yang Liu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xinju Chen
- First Ward of Spleen, Stomach, Liver and Gall, The First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of TCM, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xinwei Han
- Department of Interventional Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,Interventional Institute of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,Interventional Treatment and Clinical Research Center of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Lingfang Meng
- Department of Ultrasound, Zhengzhou Sixth People's Hospital, Henan Infectious Disease Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Lifeng Li
- Internet Medical and System Applications of National Engineering Laboratory, Zhengzhou, China.,Cancer Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Zhen Li
- Department of Interventional Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,Interventional Institute of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,Interventional Treatment and Clinical Research Center of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China
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13
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Moati E, Taly V, Garinet S, Didelot A, Taieb J, Laurent-Puig P, Zaanan A. Role of Circulating Tumor DNA in Gastrointestinal Cancers: Current Knowledge and Perspectives. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:4743. [PMID: 34638228 PMCID: PMC8507552 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13194743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2021] [Revised: 09/06/2021] [Accepted: 09/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Gastrointestinal (GI) cancers are major health burdens worldwide and biomarkers are needed to improve the management of these diseases along their evolution. Circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) is a promising non-invasive blood and other bodily-fluid-based biomarker in cancer management that can help clinicians in various cases for the detection, diagnosis, prognosis, monitoring and personalization of treatment in digestive oncology. In addition to the well-studied prognostic role of ctDNA, the main real-world applications appear to be the assessment of minimal residual disease to further guide adjuvant therapy and predict relapse, but also the monitoring of clonal evolution to tailor treatments in metastatic setting. Other challenges such as predicting response to treatment including immune checkpoint inhibitors could also be among the potential applications of ctDNA. Although the level of advancement of ctDNA development in the different tumor localizations is still inhomogeneous, it might be now reliable enough to be soon used in clinical routine for colorectal cancers and shows promising results in other GI cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilie Moati
- Department of Gastroenterology and Digestive Oncology, Institut du Cancer Paris Carpem, Assistance Publique des Hôpitaux de Paris, European Georges Pompidou Hospital, 75015 Paris, France; (E.M.); (J.T.)
| | - Valerie Taly
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, INSERM UMRS1138, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Sorbonne Université, USPC, Université de Paris, Equipe Labellisée Ligue Nationale Contre le Cancer, CNRS SNC 5096, 75006 Paris, France; (V.T.); (S.G.); (A.D.); (P.L.-P.)
| | - Simon Garinet
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, INSERM UMRS1138, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Sorbonne Université, USPC, Université de Paris, Equipe Labellisée Ligue Nationale Contre le Cancer, CNRS SNC 5096, 75006 Paris, France; (V.T.); (S.G.); (A.D.); (P.L.-P.)
- Department of Biochemistry, Institut du Cancer Paris Carpem, Assistance Publique des Hôpitaux de Paris, European Georges Pompidou Hospital, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Audrey Didelot
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, INSERM UMRS1138, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Sorbonne Université, USPC, Université de Paris, Equipe Labellisée Ligue Nationale Contre le Cancer, CNRS SNC 5096, 75006 Paris, France; (V.T.); (S.G.); (A.D.); (P.L.-P.)
| | - Julien Taieb
- Department of Gastroenterology and Digestive Oncology, Institut du Cancer Paris Carpem, Assistance Publique des Hôpitaux de Paris, European Georges Pompidou Hospital, 75015 Paris, France; (E.M.); (J.T.)
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, INSERM UMRS1138, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Sorbonne Université, USPC, Université de Paris, Equipe Labellisée Ligue Nationale Contre le Cancer, CNRS SNC 5096, 75006 Paris, France; (V.T.); (S.G.); (A.D.); (P.L.-P.)
| | - Pierre Laurent-Puig
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, INSERM UMRS1138, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Sorbonne Université, USPC, Université de Paris, Equipe Labellisée Ligue Nationale Contre le Cancer, CNRS SNC 5096, 75006 Paris, France; (V.T.); (S.G.); (A.D.); (P.L.-P.)
- Department of Biochemistry, Institut du Cancer Paris Carpem, Assistance Publique des Hôpitaux de Paris, European Georges Pompidou Hospital, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Aziz Zaanan
- Department of Gastroenterology and Digestive Oncology, Institut du Cancer Paris Carpem, Assistance Publique des Hôpitaux de Paris, European Georges Pompidou Hospital, 75015 Paris, France; (E.M.); (J.T.)
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, INSERM UMRS1138, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Sorbonne Université, USPC, Université de Paris, Equipe Labellisée Ligue Nationale Contre le Cancer, CNRS SNC 5096, 75006 Paris, France; (V.T.); (S.G.); (A.D.); (P.L.-P.)
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14
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Tran NH, Kisiel J, Roberts LR. Using cell-free DNA for HCC surveillance and prognosis. JHEP Rep 2021; 3:100304. [PMID: 34136776 PMCID: PMC8182265 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhepr.2021.100304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2021] [Revised: 04/22/2021] [Accepted: 04/24/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most common form of primary liver cancer. Its incidence is rising faster than any other cancer in the United States and it remains one of the leading causes of cancer-related deaths worldwide. While advances in massive parallel sequencing and integration of 'omics information have transformed the field of oncology, tissue access is often limited in HCC and a single biopsy is poorly representative of the known genetic heterogeneity of tumours. Liquid biopsy has emerged as a promising strategy for analysing circulating tumour components including circulating tumour DNA. Cell-free DNA and tumour DNA are derived from necrotic, apoptotic and living eukaryotic cells. The profiling of genetic and epigenetic alterations in circulating cell-free DNA has potential clinical applications including early disease detection, prediction of treatment response and prognostication in real time. Novel biomarker candidates for disease detection and monitoring are under study. Of these, methylation analyses of circulating tumour DNA have shown promising performance for early HCC detection in at-risk patients. Assessments of assay performance in longitudinal validation cohorts are ongoing. Implementation of liquid biopsy for HCC will likely improve upon the current surveillance strategy. This review summarises the most recent developments on the role and utility of circulating cell-free DNA in the detection and management of HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nguyen H Tran
- Department of Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, United States
| | - John Kisiel
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, United States
| | - Lewis R Roberts
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, United States
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15
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Marchio A, Batejat C, Vanhomwegen J, Feher M, Grassin Q, Chazal M, Raulin O, Farges-Berth A, Reibel F, Estève V, Dejean A, Jouvenet N, Manuguerra JC, Pineau P. ddPCR increases detection of SARS-CoV-2 RNA in patients with low viral loads. Arch Virol 2021; 166:2529-2540. [PMID: 34251549 PMCID: PMC8273560 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-021-05149-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2020] [Accepted: 05/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
RT-qPCR detection of SARS-CoV-2 RNA still represents the method of reference to diagnose and monitor COVID-19. From the onset of the pandemic, however, doubts have been expressed concerning the sensitivity of this molecular diagnosis method. Droplet digital PCR (ddPCR) is a third-generation PCR technique that is particularly adapted to detecting low-abundance targets. We developed two-color ddPCR assays for the detection of four different regions of SARS-CoV-2 RNA, including non-structural (IP4-RdRP, helicase) and structural (E, N) protein-encoding sequences. We observed that N or E subgenomic RNAs are generally more abundant than IP4 and helicase RNA sequences in cells infected in vitro, suggesting that detection of the N gene, coding for the most abundant subgenomic RNA of SARS-CoV-2, increases the sensitivity of detection during the highly replicative phase of infection. We investigated 208 nasopharyngeal swabs sampled in March-April 2020 in different hospitals of Greater Paris. We found that 8.6% of informative samples (n = 16/185, P < 0.0001) initially scored as “non-positive” (undetermined or negative) by RT-qPCR were positive for SARS-CoV-2 RNA by ddPCR. Our work confirms that the use of ddPCR modestly, but significantly, increases the proportion of upper airway samples testing positive in the framework of first-line diagnosis of a French population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnès Marchio
- Unité "Organisation nucléaire et Oncogenèse", INSERM U993, Institut Pasteur, 28, rue du Docteur Roux, 75724, Paris, Cedex 15, France.
| | - Christophe Batejat
- Cellule d'Intervention Biologique d'Urgence, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Jessica Vanhomwegen
- Cellule d'Intervention Biologique d'Urgence, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Maxence Feher
- Cellule d'Intervention Biologique d'Urgence, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Quentin Grassin
- Cellule d'Intervention Biologique d'Urgence, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Maxime Chazal
- Département de Virologie, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 3569, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Olivia Raulin
- Laboratoire de Biologie Médicale, Centre Hospitalier Compiègne-Noyon, Compiègne, France
| | - Anne Farges-Berth
- Laboratoire de Biologie Médicale, Groupe Hospitalier Nord-Essonne, Site de Longjumeau, Longjumeau, France
| | - Florence Reibel
- Laboratoire de Biologie Médicale, Groupe Hospitalier Nord-Essonne, Site d'Orsay, Orsay, France
| | - Vincent Estève
- Laboratoire de Biologie Médicale, Groupe Hospitalier Nord-Essonne, Site de Longjumeau, Longjumeau, France
- Laboratoire de Biologie Médicale, Groupe Hospitalier Nord-Essonne, Site d'Orsay, Orsay, France
| | - Anne Dejean
- Unité "Organisation nucléaire et Oncogenèse", INSERM U993, Institut Pasteur, 28, rue du Docteur Roux, 75724, Paris, Cedex 15, France
| | - Nolwenn Jouvenet
- Département de Virologie, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 3569, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | | | - Pascal Pineau
- Unité "Organisation nucléaire et Oncogenèse", INSERM U993, Institut Pasteur, 28, rue du Docteur Roux, 75724, Paris, Cedex 15, France.
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16
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Pelizzaro F, Cardin R, Penzo B, Pinto E, Vitale A, Cillo U, Russo FP, Farinati F. Liquid Biopsy in Hepatocellular Carcinoma: Where Are We Now? Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:2274. [PMID: 34068786 PMCID: PMC8126224 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13092274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2021] [Revised: 04/30/2021] [Accepted: 05/06/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the leading causes of cancer related death worldwide. Diagnostic, prognostic, and predictive biomarkers are urgently needed in order to improve patient survival. Indeed, the most widely used biomarkers, such as alpha-fetoprotein (AFP), have limited accuracy as both diagnostic and prognostic tests. Liver biopsy provides an insight on the biology of the tumor, but it is an invasive procedure, not routinely used, and not representative of the whole neoplasia due to the demonstrated intra-tumoral heterogeneity. In recent years, liquid biopsy, defined as the molecular analysis of cancer by-products, released by the tumor in the bloodstream, emerged as an appealing source of new biomarkers. Several studies focused on evaluating extracellular vesicles, circulating tumor cells, cell-free DNA and non-coding RNA as novel reliable biomarkers. In this review, we aimed to provide a comprehensive overview on the most relevant available evidence on novel circulating biomarkers for early diagnosis, prognostic stratification, and therapeutic monitoring. Liquid biopsy seems to be a very promising instrument and, in the near future, some of these new non-invasive tools will probably change the clinical management of HCC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filippo Pelizzaro
- Gastroenterology Unit, Department of Surgery, Oncology and Gastroenterology, University of Padua, 35128 Padua, Italy; (F.P.); (R.C.); (B.P.); (E.P.); (F.P.R.)
| | - Romilda Cardin
- Gastroenterology Unit, Department of Surgery, Oncology and Gastroenterology, University of Padua, 35128 Padua, Italy; (F.P.); (R.C.); (B.P.); (E.P.); (F.P.R.)
| | - Barbara Penzo
- Gastroenterology Unit, Department of Surgery, Oncology and Gastroenterology, University of Padua, 35128 Padua, Italy; (F.P.); (R.C.); (B.P.); (E.P.); (F.P.R.)
| | - Elisa Pinto
- Gastroenterology Unit, Department of Surgery, Oncology and Gastroenterology, University of Padua, 35128 Padua, Italy; (F.P.); (R.C.); (B.P.); (E.P.); (F.P.R.)
| | - Alessandro Vitale
- Hepatobiliary Surgery and Liver Transplantation Unit, Department of Surgery, Oncology and Gastroenterology, University of Padua, 35128 Padua, Italy; (A.V.); (U.C.)
| | - Umberto Cillo
- Hepatobiliary Surgery and Liver Transplantation Unit, Department of Surgery, Oncology and Gastroenterology, University of Padua, 35128 Padua, Italy; (A.V.); (U.C.)
| | - Francesco Paolo Russo
- Gastroenterology Unit, Department of Surgery, Oncology and Gastroenterology, University of Padua, 35128 Padua, Italy; (F.P.); (R.C.); (B.P.); (E.P.); (F.P.R.)
| | - Fabio Farinati
- Gastroenterology Unit, Department of Surgery, Oncology and Gastroenterology, University of Padua, 35128 Padua, Italy; (F.P.); (R.C.); (B.P.); (E.P.); (F.P.R.)
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17
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Li Y, Zheng Y, Wu L, Li J, Ji J, Yu Q, Dai W, Feng J, Wu J, Guo C. Current status of ctDNA in precision oncology for hepatocellular carcinoma. J Exp Clin Cancer Res 2021; 40:140. [PMID: 33902698 PMCID: PMC8074474 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-021-01940-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2020] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The conventional method used to obtain a tumor biopsy for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is invasive and does not evaluate dynamic cancer progression or assess tumor heterogeneity. It is thus imperative to create a novel non-invasive diagnostic technique for improvement in cancer screening, diagnosis, treatment selection, response assessment, and predicting prognosis for HCC. Circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) is a non-invasive liquid biopsy method that reveals cancer-specific genetic and epigenetic aberrations. Owing to the development of technology in next-generation sequencing and PCR-based assays, the detection and quantification of ctDNA have greatly improved. In this publication, we provide an overview of current technologies used to detect ctDNA, the ctDNA markers utilized, and recent advances regarding the multiple clinical applications in the field of precision medicine for HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, Putuo People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, number 1291, Jiangning road, Putuo, Shanghai, 200060, China
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Number 301, Middle Yanchang road, Jing'an, Shanghai, 200072, China
| | - Yuanyuan Zheng
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Number 301, Middle Yanchang road, Jing'an, Shanghai, 200072, China
| | - Liwei Wu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Number 301, Middle Yanchang road, Jing'an, Shanghai, 200072, China
| | - Jingjing Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, Putuo People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, number 1291, Jiangning road, Putuo, Shanghai, 200060, China
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Number 301, Middle Yanchang road, Jing'an, Shanghai, 200072, China
| | - Jie Ji
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Number 301, Middle Yanchang road, Jing'an, Shanghai, 200072, China
| | - Qiang Yu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Number 301, Middle Yanchang road, Jing'an, Shanghai, 200072, China
| | - Weiqi Dai
- Department of Gastroenterology, Putuo People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, number 1291, Jiangning road, Putuo, Shanghai, 200060, China
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Number 301, Middle Yanchang road, Jing'an, Shanghai, 200072, China
| | - Jiao Feng
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Number 301, Middle Yanchang road, Jing'an, Shanghai, 200072, China.
| | - Jianye Wu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Putuo People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, number 1291, Jiangning road, Putuo, Shanghai, 200060, China.
| | - Chuanyong Guo
- Department of Gastroenterology, Putuo People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, number 1291, Jiangning road, Putuo, Shanghai, 200060, China.
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Number 301, Middle Yanchang road, Jing'an, Shanghai, 200072, China.
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18
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Rotimi SO, Rotimi OA, Salhia B. A Review of Cancer Genetics and Genomics Studies in Africa. Front Oncol 2021; 10:606400. [PMID: 33659210 PMCID: PMC7917259 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.606400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer is the second leading cause of death globally and is projected to overtake infectious disease as the leading cause of mortality in Africa within the next two decades. Cancer is a group of genomic diseases that presents with intra- and inter-population unique phenotypes, with Black populations having the burden of morbidity and mortality for most types. At large, the prevention and treatment of cancers have been propelled by the understanding of the genetic make-up of the disease of mostly non-African populations. By the same token, there is a wide knowledge gap in understanding the underlying genetic causes of, and genomic alterations associated with, cancer among black Africans. Accordingly, we performed a review of the literature to survey existing studies on cancer genetics/genomics and curated findings pertaining to publications across multiple cancer types conducted on African populations. We used PubMed MeSH terms to retrieve the relevant publications from 1990 to December 2019. The metadata of these publications were extracted using R text mining packages: RISmed and Pubmed.mineR. The data showed that only 0.329% of cancer publications globally were on Africa, and only 0.016% were on cancer genetics/genomics from Africa. Although the most prevalent cancers in Africa are cancers of the breast, cervix, uterus, and prostate, publications representing breast, colorectal, liver, and blood cancers were the most frequent in our review. The most frequently reported cancer genes were BRCA1, BRCA2, and TP53. Next, the genes reported in the reviewed publications’ abstracts were extracted and annotated into three gene ontology classes. Genes in the cellular component class were mostly associated with cell part and organelle part, while those in biological process and molecular function classes were mainly associated with cell process, biological regulation, and binding, and catalytic activity, respectively. Overall, this review highlights the paucity of research on cancer genomics on African populations, identified gaps, and discussed the need for concerted efforts to encourage more research on cancer genomics in Africa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Solomon O Rotimi
- Department of Translational Genomics, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States.,Department of Biochemistry, Covenant University, Ota, Nigeria
| | - Oluwakemi A Rotimi
- Department of Translational Genomics, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States.,Department of Biochemistry, Covenant University, Ota, Nigeria
| | - Bodour Salhia
- Department of Translational Genomics, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States.,Norris Comprehensive Cancer Centre, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
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19
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Chen VL, Xu D, Wicha MS, Lok AS, Parikh ND. Utility of Liquid Biopsy Analysis in Detection of Hepatocellular Carcinoma, Determination of Prognosis, and Disease Monitoring: A Systematic Review. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol 2020; 18:2879-2902.e9. [PMID: 32289533 PMCID: PMC7554087 DOI: 10.1016/j.cgh.2020.04.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2019] [Revised: 03/31/2020] [Accepted: 04/03/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Liquid biopsies, or blood samples, can be analyzed to detect circulating tumor cells (CTCs), cell-free DNA (cfDNA), and extracellular vesicles, which might identify patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) or help determine their prognoses. We performed a systematic review of studies of analyses of liquid biopsies from patients with HCC and their comparisons with other biomarkers. METHODS We performed a systematic review of original studies published before December 1, 2019. We included studies that compared liquid biopsies alone and in combination with other biomarkers for the detection of HCC, performed multivariate analyses of the accuracy of liquid biopsy analysis in determining patient prognoses, or evaluated the utility of liquid biopsy analysis in monitoring treatment response. RESULTS Our final analysis included 112 studies: 67 on detection, 46 on determining prognosis, and 25 on treatment monitoring or selection. Ten studies evaluated assays that characterized cfDNA for detection of HCC in combination with measurement of α-fetoprotein (AFP)-these studies found that the combined measurement of cfDNA and AFP more accurately identified patients with HCC than measurement of AFP alone. Six studies evaluated assays for extracellular vesicles and 2 studies evaluated assays for CTC in detection of HCC, with and without other biomarkers-most of these studies found that detection of CTCs or extracellular vesicles with AFP more accurately identified patients with HCC than measurement of AFP alone. Detection of CTCs before surgery was associated with HCC recurrence after resection in 13 of 14 studies; cfDNA and extracellular vesicles have been studied less frequently as prognostic factors. Changes in CTC numbers before vs after treatment more accurately identify patients with HCC recurrence than pretreatment counts alone, and measurements of cfDNA can identify patients with disease recurrence or progression before changes can be detected by imaging. We found little evidence that analyses of liquid biopsies can aid in the selection of treatment for HCC. Quality assessment showed risk of bias in studies of HCC detection and determination of prognosis. CONCLUSIONS In a systematic review of 112 studies of the accuracy of liquid biopsy analysis, we found that assays for CTCs and cfDNA might aid in determining patient prognoses and monitoring HCC, and assays for cfDNA might aid in HCC detection, but there is a risk of bias in these studies. Studies must be standardized before we can assess the clinical utility of liquid biopsy analysis in the detection and management of patients with HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincent L Chen
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Health System, Ann Arbor, Michigan.
| | - Dabo Xu
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Health System, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Max S Wicha
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Health System, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Anna S Lok
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Health System, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Neehar D Parikh
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Health System, Ann Arbor, Michigan
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20
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Cohen D, Ghosh S, Shimakawa Y, Ramou N, Garcia PS, Dubois A, Guillot C, Kakwata-Nkor Deluce N, Tilloy V, Durand G, Voegele C, Ndow G, d'Alessandro U, Brochier-Armanet C, Alain S, Le Calvez-Kelm F, Hall J, Zoulim F, Mendy M, Thursz M, Lemoine M, Chemin I. Hepatitis B virus preS2Δ38-55 variants: A newly identified risk factor for hepatocellular carcinoma. JHEP Rep 2020; 2:100144. [PMID: 32904132 PMCID: PMC7452365 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhepr.2020.100144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2020] [Revised: 06/25/2020] [Accepted: 07/02/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Although HBV is a major cause of death in Africa, its genetic variability has been poorly documented. This study aimed to address whether HBV genotype and surface gene variants are associated with HBV-related liver disease in The Gambia. METHODS We conducted a case-control study nested in the Prevention of Liver Fibrosis and Cancer in Africa programme. Consecutive treatment-naive patients with chronic HBV infection and detectable viral load were recruited: 211 controls with no significant liver disease and 91 cases (56 cirrhosis and 35 HCC cases). HBV genotypes and surface gene variants were determined by Sanger sequencing or next-generation sequencing (NGS) in serum DNA. Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1)-specific codon 249 TP53 mutation was determined by NGS in circulating cell-free plasma DNA. RESULTS In phylogenetic analysis, 85% of individuals carried HBV genotype E, 14% genotype A, and 1% A/E recombinant viruses. Surface gene variants were more frequently observed in cases (43% and 57% in cirrhosis and HCC cases, respectively) than controls (25%; p <0.001), with preS2 deletions between nucleotides 38-55 (preS2Δ38-55) being the main genetic variant detected. In multivariable analysis, HBeAg seropositivity, low HBsAg levels, and HDV seropositivity were significantly associated with cirrhosis and HCC, whilst older age, higher viral load, genotype A, preS2Δ38-55, and AFB1 exposure were only associated with HCC. There was a multiplicative joint effect of preS2Δ38-55 variants with HBeAg seropositivity (odds ratio [OR] 43.1 [10.4-177.7]), high viral load >2,000 IU/ml (OR 22.7 [8.0-64.9]), HBsAg levels <10,000 IU/ml (OR 19.0 [5.5-65.3]), and AFB1 exposure (OR 29.3 [3.7-230.4]) on HCC risk. CONCLUSIONS This study identified a hotspot for HBV preS2 deletions as a strong independent factor for HCC in The Gambia, with HBV genotypes and AFB1 exposure contributing to the high liver cancer risk. LAY SUMMARY Although HBV-related liver disease is highly prevalent in sub-Saharan Africa, the associated virological characteristics are poorly studied. Using clinical data from African patients chronically infected with HBV, an assessment of the virological variability (genotypes and mutations) and exposure to AFB1, a toxin often contaminating food, was carried out. Our results show that HBV genotypes, the presence of a highly prevalent mutant form of HBV, and AFB1 exposure contribute to the high liver cancer risk in this population.
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Key Words
- AFB1, aflatoxin B1
- AFP, alpha-fetoprotein
- Aflatoxin B1
- Africa
- Carcinogenesis
- Cirrhosis
- ER, endoplasmic reticulum
- Genotype
- Hepatitis B virus
- Hepatocellular carcinoma
- LSM, liver stiffness measurement
- NBS1, Nijmegen breakage syndrome 1
- NGS, next-generation sequencing
- OR, odds ratio
- PROLIFICA, Prevention of Liver Fibrosis and Cancer in Africa
- PreS deletion
- ROC, receiver operating characteristic
- SSA, sub-Saharan Africa
- WT, wild type
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Affiliation(s)
- Damien Cohen
- INSERM U1052, CNRS 5286, Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Centre Léon Bérard, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Sumantra Ghosh
- INSERM U1052, CNRS 5286, Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Centre Léon Bérard, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Yusuke Shimakawa
- Unité d'Épidémiologie des Maladies Émergentes, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Njie Ramou
- International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
| | - Pierre Simon Garcia
- Univ Lyon, Université Lyon 1, CNRS, UMR5558, Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Évolutive, Villeurbanne, France
- Molecular Microbiology and Structural Biochemistry, Institut de Biologie et de Chimie des Protéines 7 passage du Vercors, Lyon Cedex, France
| | - Anaëlle Dubois
- INSERM U1052, CNRS 5286, Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Centre Léon Bérard, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Clément Guillot
- INSERM U1052, CNRS 5286, Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Centre Léon Bérard, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Nora Kakwata-Nkor Deluce
- INSERM U1052, CNRS 5286, Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Centre Léon Bérard, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Valentin Tilloy
- Microbiology Department, CHU Limoges, Genomic Platform GenoLim, UMR Inserm 1092/FR CNRS 145 GEIST, Faculté de Médecine-Université de Limoges, CHU Dupuytren, CBRS, Limoges, France
| | | | | | - Gibril Ndow
- Medical Research Council Unit, The Gambia at the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Banjul, The Gambia
| | - Umberto d'Alessandro
- Medical Research Council Unit, The Gambia at the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Banjul, The Gambia
| | - Céline Brochier-Armanet
- Univ Lyon, Université Lyon 1, CNRS, UMR5558, Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Évolutive, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Sophie Alain
- Microbiology Department, CHU Limoges, Genomic Platform GenoLim, UMR Inserm 1092/FR CNRS 145 GEIST, Faculté de Médecine-Université de Limoges, CHU Dupuytren, CBRS, Limoges, France
| | | | - Janet Hall
- INSERM U1052, CNRS 5286, Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Centre Léon Bérard, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Fabien Zoulim
- INSERM U1052, CNRS 5286, Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Centre Léon Bérard, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, Lyon, France
- Department of Hepatology, Groupement Hospitalier Nord, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Maimuna Mendy
- International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
| | - Mark Thursz
- Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Liver Unit, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Maud Lemoine
- Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Liver Unit, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Isabelle Chemin
- INSERM U1052, CNRS 5286, Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Centre Léon Bérard, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, Lyon, France
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Mungamuri SK, Mavuduru VA. Role of epigenetic alterations in aflatoxin‐induced hepatocellular carcinoma. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/lci2.20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sathish Kumar Mungamuri
- Division of Food Safety Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR) ‐ National Institute of Nutrition (NIN) Hyderabad Telangana India
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22
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Genetic variants association with cancers in African-based populations: A systematic review. Cancer Epidemiol 2020; 67:101739. [PMID: 32554299 DOI: 10.1016/j.canep.2020.101739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2019] [Revised: 04/21/2020] [Accepted: 04/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cancer is the single leading cause of human deaths worldwide. The highest incidence and mortality are recorded from Africa. The last two decades have witnessed extensive research which has led to emerging prognosis and new gene therapy technologies. Cancer therapy in Africa is derived with little input from African population data. While a number of cancer studies on African populations have suggested varied susceptible variant, no comprehensive review of these studies has been undertaken to assess their coverage across Africa. METHODS This study aimed to undertake a review of all molecular genetic studies that interrogated the genetic variants of cancers in African-based populations. Our search methodology was modelled after the Cochrane systematic review protocol, which included MeSH terms and related keywords. RESULTS Ninety-seven articles studying 13 cancer types, were reviewed. 91 articles screened for polymorphisms using PCR-based techniques while three used SNP array, two used whole exome sequencing and one used pyrosequencing. North African (NA) countries undertook 51/97 (53 %) studies on 12/13 (92 %) cancer types while the Sub Saharan Africa (SSA) countries undertook 46/97 (47 %) studies on 7/13 (54 %) cancer types. Twelve out of these thirteen cancer type studies suggested susceptibility to their target polymorphism (p > 0.05). No study replicated or validated variants detected. CONCLUSION Research on genetic determinants in African-based population cancer offers translational benefits. We recommended large scale, multi-national genome association studies using high throughput techniques. SSA needs to receive more attention due to the shortage of this type of study and data in the region.
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Dhayat SA, Yang Z. Impact of circulating tumor DNA in hepatocellular and pancreatic carcinomas. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2020; 146:1625-1645. [PMID: 32338295 PMCID: PMC7256092 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-020-03219-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2020] [Accepted: 04/15/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and pancreatic cancer (PC) belong to the most lethal malignancies worldwide. Despite advances in surgical techniques and perioperative multidisciplinary management, the prognosis of both carcinoma entities remains poor mainly because of rapid tumor progression and early dissemination with diagnosis in advanced tumor stages with poor sensitivity to current therapy regimens. Both highly heterogeneous visceral carcinomas exhibit unique somatic alterations, but share common driver genes and mutations as well. Recently, circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) could be identified as a liquid biopsy tool with huge potential as non-invasive biomarker in early diagnosis and prognosis. CtDNA released from necrotic or apoptotic cells of primary tumors, metastasis, and circulating tumor cells can reveal genetic and epigenetic alterations with tumor-specific and individual mutation and methylation profiles. In this article, we focus on clinical impact of ctDNA as potential biomarker in patients with HCC and PC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sameer A Dhayat
- Department of General, Visceral and Transplantation Surgery, University Hospital Muenster, Albert-Schweitzer-Campus 1 (W1), 48149, Munster, Germany.
| | - Zixuan Yang
- Department of General, Visceral and Transplantation Surgery, University Hospital Muenster, Albert-Schweitzer-Campus 1 (W1), 48149, Munster, Germany
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Weng J, Atyah M, Zhou C, Ren N. Prospects and challenges of circulating tumor DNA in precision medicine of hepatocellular carcinoma. Clin Exp Med 2020; 20:329-337. [PMID: 32239299 DOI: 10.1007/s10238-020-00620-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2019] [Accepted: 03/13/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The growing role of precision medicine in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is expected to ameliorate the poor prognosis and high mortality of this highly malignant disease; however, it is faced with challenges such as the low frequency of tissue biopsy. Hence, attention is turning to the circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA), an important component of liquid biopsy. Obtaining molecular information about cancer from blood provides a good prospect in precision oncology including molecular diagnosis, molecular classification, targeted therapy, personalized decision making, and detection of drug-resistance mutations. However, inherent constraints of HCC and ctDNA (like background chronic liver diseases (CLD) and low concentration of ctDNA) along with some technical issues should be well handled and solved before the potential of ctDNA in precision medicine of HCC can be truly realized. In this review, we will focus on the prospects and challenges of ctDNA in HCC precision medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jialei Weng
- Department of Liver Surgery and Transplantation, Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.,Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of Ministry of Education, Shanghai, China
| | - Manar Atyah
- Department of Liver Surgery and Transplantation, Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.,Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of Ministry of Education, Shanghai, China
| | - Chenhao Zhou
- Department of Liver Surgery and Transplantation, Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.,Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of Ministry of Education, Shanghai, China
| | - Ning Ren
- Department of Liver Surgery and Transplantation, Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China. .,Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of Ministry of Education, Shanghai, China. .,Department of Surgery, Minhang Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201199, China.
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25
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Ji Y, Nyamagoud SB, SreeHarsha N, Mishra A, Gubbiyappa SK, Singh Y. Sitagliptin protects liver against aflatoxin B1-induced hepatotoxicity through upregulating Nrf2/ARE/HO-1 pathway. Biofactors 2020; 46:76-82. [PMID: 31600004 DOI: 10.1002/biof.1573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2019] [Accepted: 09/03/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor (DPP-4 inhibitor) such as sitagliptin has been presented as antidiabetic drugs and has numerous restorative advantages over different diseases; however, its defensive role against aflatoxin b1 (AFB1) liver toxicity has not been previously examined. Wistar rats (65 weeks, male) were utilized in the investigation. Animals were divided into five different groups (n = 10): control; AFB1; AFB1 + Sita (50); AFB1 + Sita (100); and Sita (100). Sitagliptin significantly (*p ≤ .05, **p ≤ .01, and ***p ≤ .001) altered the levels of various serum liver enzymes (lactate dehydrogenase, alkaline phosphate, aspartate aminotransferase, and alanine aminotransferase). It decreased the concentration of an oxidative stress marker, that is, malondialdehyde and increased the level of antioxidant enzymes such as reduced glutathione, catalase, superoxide dismutase, and glutathione peroxidase in AFB1-administered rats. It also improved the Nrf2 expression and HO-1 level in AFB1-intoxicated rats. This investigation discusses innovative evidence on the protective role of sitagliptin against AFB1-induced hepatotoxicity in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujiang Ji
- Department of Hepatobiliary, Pancreatic and Minimally Invasive Surgery, Zhengzhou Central Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou City, Henan Province, China
| | - Sanatkumar B Nyamagoud
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, KLE College of Pharmacy, KLE Academy of Higher Education and Research, Belagavi, Karnataka, India
| | - Nagaraja SreeHarsha
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Clinical Pharmacy, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa, Saudi Arabia
| | - Anurag Mishra
- School of Pharmacy, Suresh Gyan Vihar University, Jaipur, India
| | | | - Yogendra Singh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Mahatma Gandhi College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jaipur, India
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27
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Atsama Amougou M, Marchio A, Bivigou-Mboumba B, Noah Noah D, Banai R, Atangana PJA, Fewou Moundipa P, Pineau P, Njouom R. Enrichment in selected genotypes, basal core and precore mutations of hepatitis B virus in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma in Cameroon. J Viral Hepat 2019; 26:1086-1093. [PMID: 31106515 DOI: 10.1111/jvh.13131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2019] [Revised: 04/18/2019] [Accepted: 05/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Worldwide, the development of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is known to be influenced by several hepatitis B viral factors. However, the effect of hepatitis B virus (HBV) genotypes and a landscape of nucleotide changes affecting the precore (PC) and basal core promoter (BCP) during infection leading to HCC remain largely unknown in the Central Africa region. Thus, we performed a case-control study on patients with HBV-related HCC and matched controls without HCC but with chronic HBV infection. Genotypes and mutation spectrums were evaluated using a hemi-nested amplification and sequencing analysis focused on the BCP and PC regions. We identified the co-circulation of HBV quasi-subgenotype A3 (QS-A3) and genotype E in both groups. Interestingly, HBV-QS-A3 was significantly more prevalent in patients with HCC (80.0%) than in controls (31.9%, P = 4.5 E-7, OR = 11.5, 95% CI: 3.8-38.5). HBV mutation spectra and nucleotide changes were significantly more polymorphic in patients with HCC. Remarkably, HCC patients infected with HBV-QS-A3 were significantly more mutated compared to patients infected with genotype E (P < 0.0001). In addition, G:C>T:A transversions, generally associated with aflatoxin B1 exposure in tropical regions, were significantly more prevalent in HCC patients infected either with HBV-QS-A3 or HBV genotype E (P = 2.2 E-05) when compared to controls. In conclusion, our results indicate that patients infected with HBV-QS-A3 are at increased risk to develop HCC. In addition, viral genomes isolated for patients with tumour are more heavily altered than those found in controls. Preferential targeting of these patients for antiviral treatment is of paramount importance to reduce future HCC incidence in Cameroon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie Atsama Amougou
- Centre Pasteur of Cameroon, Yaounde, Cameroon.,Laboratory of Pharmacology and Toxicology of University of Yaounde I, Yaounde, Cameroon
| | - Agnes Marchio
- Unité Organisation nucléaire et Oncogenèse, Institut Pasteur, INSERM U993, Paris, France
| | - Berthold Bivigou-Mboumba
- Unité Mixte de Recherches VIH et Maladies Infectieuses Associées (UMR VIH-MIA), Centre International de Recherches Médicales de Franceville (CIRMF), Libreville, Gabon
| | | | | | | | - Paul Fewou Moundipa
- Laboratory of Pharmacology and Toxicology of University of Yaounde I, Yaounde, Cameroon
| | - Pascal Pineau
- Unité Organisation nucléaire et Oncogenèse, Institut Pasteur, INSERM U993, Paris, France
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Temilola DO, Wium M, Coulidiati TH, Adeola HA, Carbone GM, Catapano CV, Zerbini LF. The Prospect and Challenges to the Flow of Liquid Biopsy in Africa. Cells 2019; 8:E862. [PMID: 31404988 PMCID: PMC6721679 DOI: 10.3390/cells8080862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2019] [Revised: 07/30/2019] [Accepted: 08/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Liquid biopsy technologies have the potential to transform cancer patient management as it offers non-invasive diagnosis and real-time monitoring of disease progression and treatment responses. The use of liquid biopsy for non-invasive cancer diagnosis can have pivotal importance for the African continent where access to medical infrastructures is limited, as it eliminates the need for surgical biopsies. To apply liquid biopsy technologies in the African setting, the influence of environmental and population genetic factors must be known. In this review, we discuss the use of circulating tumor cells, cell-free nucleic acids, extracellular vesicles, protein, and other biomolecules in liquid biopsy technology for cancer management with special focus on African studies. We discussed the prospect, barriers, and other aspects that pose challenges to the use of liquid biopsy in the African continent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dada Oluwaseyi Temilola
- International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), Cape Town 7925, South Africa
- Integrative Biomedical Sciences Division, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town 7925, South Africa
| | - Martha Wium
- International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), Cape Town 7925, South Africa
| | - Tangbadioa Herve Coulidiati
- International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), Cape Town 7925, South Africa
- Training and Research unit in Sciences and Technology, University Norbert Zongo, P.O. Box 376, Koudougou 376, Burkina Faso
| | - Henry Ademola Adeola
- Division of Dermatology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences and Groote Schuur Hospital, University of Cape Town, Cape Town 7925, South Africa
| | - Giuseppina Maria Carbone
- Institute of Oncology Research, Università della Svizzera Italiana, Via Vincenzo Vela 6, CH-6500 Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Carlo Vittorio Catapano
- Institute of Oncology Research, Università della Svizzera Italiana, Via Vincenzo Vela 6, CH-6500 Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Luiz Fernando Zerbini
- International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), Cape Town 7925, South Africa.
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