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Nong Y, Lei LQ, Zhao ZY, Wei GY, Xu CG, Feng B, Qu XC, Jiang RH. Cyrtomiumadenotrichum (Dryopteridaceae), a new species from Guangxi, China. PHYTOKEYS 2024; 243:199-207. [PMID: 38961997 PMCID: PMC11220402 DOI: 10.3897/phytokeys.243.127579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2024] [Accepted: 06/10/2024] [Indexed: 07/05/2024]
Abstract
Cyrtomiumadenotrichum Y. Nong & R.H. Jiang (Dryopteridaceae), a new species from Guangxi, China, is described and illustrated. This new species is similar to C.nephrolepioides (Christ) Copel., C.obliquum Ching & K. H. Shing ex K. H. Shing, C.sinningense Ching & K. H. Shing ex K. H. Shing and C.calcis Liang Zhang, N.T.Lu & Li Bing Zhang in having erect rhizomes, dense, leathery lamina and rounded sori, but it can be easily distinguishable by its stipe sparsely glandular, base obvious oblique, basiscopic base truncate, acroscopic base auriculate or ovate.
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Affiliation(s)
- You Nong
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Quality Standards, Guangxi Institute of Chinese Medicine & Pharmaceutical Science, No. 20–1 Dongge Road, Nanning, Guangxi, ChinaGuangxi Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Quality Standards, Guangxi Institute of Chinese Medicine & Pharmaceutical ScienceNanningChina
| | - Li-Qun Lei
- Nanning Botanical Garden, Nanning Qingxiushan Scenic and Historic Tourism De-velopment Co.,Ltd, Nanning, Guangxi, ChinaNanning Botanical Garden, Nanning Qingxiushan Scenic and Historic Tourism De-velopment Co.,LtdNanningChina
| | - Zi-Yi Zhao
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Quality Standards, Guangxi Institute of Chinese Medicine & Pharmaceutical Science, No. 20–1 Dongge Road, Nanning, Guangxi, ChinaGuangxi Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Quality Standards, Guangxi Institute of Chinese Medicine & Pharmaceutical ScienceNanningChina
| | - Gui-Yuan Wei
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Quality Standards, Guangxi Institute of Chinese Medicine & Pharmaceutical Science, No. 20–1 Dongge Road, Nanning, Guangxi, ChinaGuangxi Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Quality Standards, Guangxi Institute of Chinese Medicine & Pharmaceutical ScienceNanningChina
| | - Chuan-Gui Xu
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Quality Standards, Guangxi Institute of Chinese Medicine & Pharmaceutical Science, No. 20–1 Dongge Road, Nanning, Guangxi, ChinaGuangxi Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Quality Standards, Guangxi Institute of Chinese Medicine & Pharmaceutical ScienceNanningChina
| | - Bin Feng
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Quality Standards, Guangxi Institute of Chinese Medicine & Pharmaceutical Science, No. 20–1 Dongge Road, Nanning, Guangxi, ChinaGuangxi Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Quality Standards, Guangxi Institute of Chinese Medicine & Pharmaceutical ScienceNanningChina
| | - Xin-Cheng Qu
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Quality Standards, Guangxi Institute of Chinese Medicine & Pharmaceutical Science, No. 20–1 Dongge Road, Nanning, Guangxi, ChinaGuangxi Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Quality Standards, Guangxi Institute of Chinese Medicine & Pharmaceutical ScienceNanningChina
| | - Ri-Hong Jiang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Special Non-wood Forest Cultivation and Utilization, Guangxi Forestry Research Institute, Nanning, 530002, ChinaGuangxi Key Laboratory of Special Non-wood Forest Cultivation and Utilization, Guangxi Forestry Research InstituteNanningChina
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Morero RE, Deanna R, Barboza GE, Barrington DS. Historical biogeography of the fern genus Polystichum (Dryopteridaceae) in Austral South America. Mol Phylogenet Evol 2019; 137:168-189. [PMID: 31077789 DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2019.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2018] [Revised: 05/06/2019] [Accepted: 05/07/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
A group of seven endemic Polystichum species inhabit Patagonia, the southern region of South America. To date, evolutionary relationships of these Austral South American Polystichum remain unknown. The biota of the Southern Andes appears to be more closely related to the temperate Australasian species than to northern South American ones. Differences in morphological characters suggested that Austral South American Polystichum follows that biogeographical pattern, not being closely related to their congeners in the Northern and Central Andes. We sought to reveal the evolutionary relationships, estimate the divergence times and reconstruct both ancestral areas and ancestral ploidy levels of Austral South America Polystichum. Phylogenetic relationships were estimated using maximum likelihood and Bayesian approaches. The seven Austral South American species plus 31 Polystichum species spanning all other major biogeographic regions were sampled for three DNA markers. Divergence times were estimated in BEAST and Bayesian binary Markov chain Monte Carlo reconstruction was applied in order to infer ancestral areas. The evolution of ploidy was reconstructed on the maximum clade credibility tree, using stochastic character mapping. Austral South American Polystichum was recovered as monophyletic. The earliest divergence reconstructed within the Austral South American Clade was that of Polystichum andinum; subsequently two other lineages diverged comprising the remaining Austral South American species. The Austral South American lineage is not closely allied to North and Central Andes congeners. Long-distance dispersal of an ancestral tetraploid from Australasia during the late Miocene is the most likely explanation for the origin of Patagonian Polystichum. Then, Pliocene and Pleistocene orogenic and climatic changes may have shaped its diversification in Patagonia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rita E Morero
- Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Vegetal, IMBIV (CONICET-UNC), CC 495, Córdoba 5000, Argentina; Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Haya de la Torre y Medina Allende, Córdoba, Argentina.
| | - Rocío Deanna
- Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Vegetal, IMBIV (CONICET-UNC), CC 495, Córdoba 5000, Argentina; Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Haya de la Torre y Medina Allende, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Gloria E Barboza
- Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Vegetal, IMBIV (CONICET-UNC), CC 495, Córdoba 5000, Argentina; Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Haya de la Torre y Medina Allende, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - David S Barrington
- University of Vermont, Pringle Herbarium, Torrey Hall, 27 Colchester Avenue, Burlington, VT 05405, United States
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Lu NT, Ebihara A, He H, Zhang L, Zhou XM, Knapp R, Kamau P, Lorence D, Gao XF, Zhang LB. A plastid phylogeny of the fern genus Arachniodes (Dryopteridaceae). Mol Phylogenet Evol 2018; 133:214-235. [PMID: 30550964 DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2018.12.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2018] [Revised: 12/10/2018] [Accepted: 12/10/2018] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Arachniodes (Dryopteridaceae) is one of the most confusing and controversial fern genera in terms of its circumscription, nomenclature, and taxonomy. Estimates of species number range from 40 to 200. Previous molecular works included only 2-17 accessions representing 2-12 species of Arachniodes and allied genera, leaving most of the Asian species remain unsampled and the infragneric relationships unclear. In this study DNA sequences of seven plastid markers of 343 accessions representing ca. 68 species of Arachniodes (275 accessions), and 64 outgroup accessions from subfam. Dryopteridoideae and subfam. Polybotryoideae were used to infer a phylogeny with maximum likelihood, Bayesian inference, and maximum parsimony approaches. Our major results include: (1) Two species currently assigned in Arachniodes (A. macrostegia and A. ochropteroides are resolved outside of the core Arachniodes making the currently defined Arachniodes polyphyletic, confirming earlier findings; (2) Lithostegia, Leptorumohra, and Phanerophlebiopsis are indeed synonyms of Arachniodes; (3) Leptorumohra is confirmed to be monophyletic, but Phanerophlebiopsis is polyphyletic; (4) The New World species of Arachniodes are confirmed to be not monophyletic with A. denticulata being nested within the Old World species, suggesting that this species is dispersed from the Old World; (5) Arachniodes s.s is resolved into 12 major clades, some of which are further divisable into recognizable subclades and groups, with A. mutica from Japan being resolved as the sister to the rest of the genus; (6) A number of systematic implications of the phylogeny have been suggested; and (7) the genus is estimated to contain ca. 83 species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ngan Thi Lu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mountain Ecological Restoration and Bioresource Utilization, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, P.O. Box 416, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; Department of Biology, Vietnam National Museum of Nature, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, 18th Hoang Quoc Viet Road, Ha Noi, Viet Nam
| | - Atsushi Ebihara
- Department of Botany, National Museum of Nature and Science, Tsukuba-shi, Ibaraki 305-0005, Japan
| | - Hai He
- College of Life Sciences, Chongqing Normal University, Shapingba, Chongqing 401331, China
| | - Liang Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Plant Diversity and Biogeography of East Asia, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan 650201, China
| | - Xin-Mao Zhou
- School of Ecology and Environmental Science, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, Yunnan, China
| | - Ralf Knapp
- Correspondent of the Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN, Paris, France), Steigestrasse 78, 69412 Eberbach, Germany
| | - Peris Kamau
- Botany Department, National Museums of Kenya, P.O. Box 40658-00100, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - David Lorence
- National Tropical Botanical Garden, 3530 Papalina Road, Kalaheo, HI 96741-9599, USA
| | - Xin-Fen Gao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mountain Ecological Restoration and Bioresource Utilization, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, P.O. Box 416, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China.
| | - Li-Bing Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mountain Ecological Restoration and Bioresource Utilization, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, P.O. Box 416, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China; Missouri Botanical Garden, 4344 Shaw Blvd., St. Louis, MO 63110, USA.
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Li S, Liu S, Wang Z, Wang T, Su Y. The complete chloroplast genome sequence of Cyrtomium fortunei (Dryopteridaceae), an important medical fern. MITOCHONDRIAL DNA PART B-RESOURCES 2018; 3:288-289. [PMID: 33474146 PMCID: PMC7799596 DOI: 10.1080/23802359.2018.1443044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The complete chloroplast genome of an important medical fern Cyrtomium fortunei has been sequenced. Its genome is 151,699 bp in length with a pair of inverted repeats (IRs, 23,875 bp), separated by a small single copy region (SSC, 21,625 bp) and a large single copy region (LSC, 82,324 bp). It contains 132 genes, covering 88 protein coding genes, 35 tRNA genes, eight rRNA genes, and one pseudogene. Maximum likelihood analysis indicates that the phylogenetic tree is monophyletic with three clades. Cyrtomium fortunei is closely related to C. devexiscapulae, which further forms a sister clade to C. falcatum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shufeng Li
- School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shanshan Liu
- School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhen Wang
- College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ting Wang
- College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yingjuan Su
- School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Research Institute of Sun Yat-sen University in Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China
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Revision of series Gravesiana (Adiantum L.) based on morphological characteristics, spores and phylogenetic analyses. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0172729. [PMID: 28379966 PMCID: PMC5381765 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0172729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2016] [Accepted: 02/04/2017] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Since the adoption of some ambiguous and quantitative characters in Flora Republicae Popularis Sinicae 3(1), species identifications of the series Gravesiana have been in disarray, requiring clarification. Two hundred and fifty-nine individuals from 47 different populations were collected for the estimation of morphological characters and phylogenetic analyses. Spores of 26 populations were observed through scanning electron microscope. Our results were different from those of previous research: (1) six identifiable species, rather than five species observed previously, were confirmed in the series Gravesiana, they are A. gravesii, A. juxtapositum, A. mariesii, A. dentatum, A. longzhouensis and A. obovatum, of which the latter three are newly recognized species. (2) Thirteen characters were measured and estimated through the program Mesquite v. 2.71. The character whether the pinna stalks were 1/3-1/2 times longer than the pinna was used to distinguish A. gravesii and A. lianxianense previously and was found to be unreliable here, whereas such characters as the height of the plant (H), pinna aligned forms (FP), number of pinna (NP), pinna margin (M), number of veins flabellate at base (NV), sori number and shape per pinna (NSS), pinna texture (T), and powder-covered or not on the abaxial surface of the pinna (P) are estimated to be stable and reliable characters useful for identification. Descriptions of new species and their retrieve keys are also listed. (3) Surface ornamentations and spore sizes are helpful for us to distinguish species in series Gravesiana.
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A well-sampled phylogenetic analysis of the polystichoid ferns (Dryopteridaceae) suggests a complex biogeographical history involving both boreotropical migrations and recent transoceanic dispersals. Mol Phylogenet Evol 2016; 98:324-36. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2016.02.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2015] [Revised: 02/15/2016] [Accepted: 02/20/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Le Péchon T, He H, Zhang L, Zhou XM, Gao XF, Zhang LB. Using a multilocus phylogeny to test morphology-based classifications of Polystichum (Dryopteridaceae), one of the largest fern genera. BMC Evol Biol 2016; 16:55. [PMID: 26928720 PMCID: PMC4772321 DOI: 10.1186/s12862-016-0626-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2015] [Accepted: 02/23/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Polystichum (Dryopteridaceae) is probably the third largest fern genus in the world and contains ca. 500 species. Species of Polystichum occur on all continents except Antarctica, but its highest diversity is found in East Asia, especially Southwest China and adjacent regions. Previous studies typically had sparse taxon sampling and used limited DNA sequence data. Consequently, the majority of morphological hypotheses/classifications have never been tested using molecular data. RESULTS In this study, DNA sequences of five plastid loci of 177 accessions representing ca. 140 species of Polystichum and 13 species of the closely related genera were used to infer a phylogeny using maximum likelihood, Bayesian inference, and maximum parsimony. Our analyses show that (1) Polystichum is monophyletic, this being supported by not only molecular data but also morphological features and distribution information; (2) Polystichum is resolved into two strongly supported monophyletic clades, corresponding to the two subgenera, P. subg. Polystichum and P. subg. Haplopolystichum; (3) Accessions of P. subg. Polystichum are resolved into three major clades: clade K (P. sect. Xiphophyllum), clade L (P. sect. Polystichum), and the HYMASO superclade dominated by accessions of P. sect. Hypopeltis, P. sect. Macropolystichum, and P. sect. Sorolepidium, while those of P. subg. Haplopolystichum are resolved into eight major clades; and (4) The monophyly of the Afra clade (weakly supported), the Australasian clade (weakly supported), and the North American clade (strongly supported) is confirmed. CONCLUSIONS Of the 23 sections of Polystichum recognized in a recent classification of the genus, four (P. sect. Hypopeltis, P. sect. Neopolystichum, P. sect. Sorolepidium, P. sect. Sphaenopolystichum) are resolved as non-monophyletic, 16 are recovered as monophyletic, and three are monospecific. Of the 16 monophyletic sections, two (P. sect. Adenolepia, P. sect. Cyrtogonellum) are weakly supported and 14 are strongly supported as monophyletic. The relationships of 11 sections (five in P. subg. Haplopolystichum; six in P. subg. Polystichum) are well resolved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothée Le Péchon
- Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, P.O. Box 416, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, China.
- School of Life Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Private Bag X01 Scottsville, Pietermaritzburg, 3209, South Africa.
| | - Hai He
- School of Life Sciences, Chongqing Normal University, Shapingba, Chongqing, 400047, China.
| | - Liang Zhang
- Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, P.O. Box 416, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, China.
| | - Xin-Mao Zhou
- Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, P.O. Box 416, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, China.
- School of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610064, China.
| | - Xin-Fen Gao
- Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, P.O. Box 416, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, China.
| | - Li-Bing Zhang
- Missouri Botanical Garden, P.O. Box 299, St. Louis, MO, 63166-0299, USA.
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Wang AH, Sun Y, Schneider H, Zhai JW, Liu DM, Zhou JS, Xing FW, Chen HF, Wang FG. Identification of the relationship between Chinese Adiantum reniforme var. sinense and Canary Adiantum reniforme. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2015; 15:36. [PMID: 25652180 PMCID: PMC4340607 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-014-0361-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2014] [Accepted: 11/27/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There are different opinions about the relationship of two disjunctively distributed varieties Adiantum reniforme L. var. sinense Y.X.Lin and Adiantum reniforme L. Adiantum reniforme var. sinense is an endangered fern only distributed in a narrowed region of Chongqing city in China, while Adiantum reniforme var. reniforme just distributed in Canary Islands and Madeira off the north-western African coast. To verify the relationship of these two taxa, relative phylogenetic analyses, karyotype analyses, microscopic spore observations and morphological studies were performed in this study. Besides, divergence time between A. reniforme var. sinense and A. reniforme var. reniforme was estimated using GTR model according to a phylogeny tree constructed with the three cpDNA markers atpA, atpB, and rbcL. RESULTS Phylogenetic results and divergence time analyses--all individuals of A. reniforme var. sinense from 4 different populations (representing all biogeographic distributions) were clustered into one clade and all individuals of A. reniforme var. reniforme from 7 different populations (all biogeographic distributions are included) were clustered into another clade. The divergence between A. reniforme var. reniforme and A. reniforme var. sinense was estimated to be 4.94 (2.26-8.66) Myr. Based on karyotype analyses, A. reniforme var. reniforme was deduced to be hexaploidy with 2n = 180, X = 30, while A. reniforme var. sinense was known as tetraploidy. Microscopic spore observations suggested that surface ornamentation of A. reniforme var. reniforme is psilate, but that of A. reniforme var. sinense is rugate. Leaf blades of A. reniforme var. sinense are membranous and reniform and with several obvious concentric rings, and leaves of A. reniforme var. reniforme are pachyphyllous and coriaceous and are much rounder and similar to palm. CONCLUSION Adiantum reniforme var. sinense is an independent species rather than the variety of Adiantum reniforme var. reniforme. As a result, we approve Adiantum nelumboides X. C. Zhang, nom. & stat. nov. as a legal name instead of the former Adiantum reniforme var. sinense. China was determined to be the most probable evolution centre based on the results of phylogenetic analyses, divergence estimation, relative palaeogeography and palaeoclimate materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ai-Hua Wang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Conservation and Sustainable Utilization, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510650, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
| | - Ye Sun
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Conservation and Sustainable Utilization, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510650, China.
| | - Harald Schneider
- Department of Life Sciences, Natural History Museum, London, SW75BD, UK.
| | - Jun-Wen Zhai
- College of Landscape Architecture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China.
| | - Dong-Ming Liu
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Conservation and Sustainable Utilization, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510650, China.
| | - Jin-Song Zhou
- College of Chinese Traditional Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, China.
| | - Fu-Wu Xing
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Conservation and Sustainable Utilization, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510650, China.
| | - Hong-Feng Chen
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Conservation and Sustainable Utilization, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510650, China.
| | - Fa-Guo Wang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Conservation and Sustainable Utilization, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510650, China.
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The Evolutionary Dynamics of Apomixis in Ferns: A Case Study from Polystichoid Ferns. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1155/2012/510478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The disparate distribution of apomixis between the major plant lineages is arguably one of the most paradoxical phenomena in plant evolution. Ferns are particularly interesting for addressing this issue because apomixis is more frequent than in any other group of plants. Here, we use a phylogenetic framework to explore some aspects of the evolution of apomixis in ferns and in particular in the polystichoid ferns. Our findings indicate that apomixis evolved several times independently in three different clades of polystichoid ferns. A lineage-wide perspective across ferns indicates a correlation between apomixis and the species richness of lineages; however BiSSE tests did not recover evidence for a correlation of apomixis and diversification rates. Instead, evidence was recovered supporting an association between the establishment of apomixis and reticulate evolution, especially in the establishment of triploid hybrids. Diversification time estimates supported the hypothesis of short living apomictic lineages and indicated a link between the establishment of apomixis and the strengthening of the monsoons caused by the lifting of the Qinghai-Tibetan plateau. In general our results supported the hypothesis for the rare establishment of apomictic lineages, high extinction risks, and low speciation rates.
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Lu JM, Wen J, Lutz S, Wang YP, Li DZ. Phylogenetic relationships of Chinese Adiantum based on five plastid markers. JOURNAL OF PLANT RESEARCH 2012; 125:237-49. [PMID: 21809178 DOI: 10.1007/s10265-011-0441-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2011] [Accepted: 05/23/2011] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Adiantum consists of about 150-200 species mostly with a pantropical distribution, yet the classifications of Adiantum have been based primarily on regional studies. Confounding the clarity of reconstructing the evolutionary history of Adiantum is that previous molecular phylogenetic studies suggest that a separate and distinctive clade, the vittarioids, may be derived from within Adiantum. Five plastid markers (atpA, atpB, rbcL, trnL-F and rps4-trnS) are employed to assess the monophyly of Adiantum, and construct the molecular phylogeny of Chinese Adiantum. Our analyses support the monophyly of Adiantum. All temperate Adiantum species form a clade nested within the pantropical grade, suggesting a tropical origin of Adiantum. Six main clades are supported within Chinese Adiantum, which are only partially consistent with Lin's classification of the genus. Series Caudata is polyphyletic with series Gravesiana nested within one subgroup of series Caudata. The prolonged whip-like stolon at the apex of the fronds is the defining character for series Caudata, but it may have evolved multiple times. Adiantum reniforme with the simple fronds is sister to series Venusta, which has a decompound lamina with many flabellate to cuneate segments. Series Veneri-capilliformia is not monophyletic, with A. capillus-veneris sister to series Flabellulata except for A. diaphanum, and A. edentulum sister to series Pedata. Series Flabellulata is biphyletic with A. diaphanum nested within the pantropical grade. The phylogeny suggests that convergent evolution in frond architecture has occurred in Adiantum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Mei Lu
- Laboratory of Plant Biodiversity and Biogeography, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650204, Yunnan, China.
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Lu JM, Li DZ, Lutz S, Soejima A, Yi T, Wen J. Biogeographic disjunction between eastern Asia and North America in the Adiantum pedatum complex (Pteridaceae). AMERICAN JOURNAL OF BOTANY 2011; 98:1680-1693. [PMID: 21965133 DOI: 10.3732/ajb.1100125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
PREMISE OF THE STUDY Biogeographic analyses of ferns with an eastern Asian-North American disjunction are few. The Adiantum pedatum complex has such a disjunct distribution. The monophyly of the complex needs to be tested and diversification history of the four species needs to be reconstructed. METHODS Plastid (atpA, atpB, rbcL, trnL-F, and rps4-trnS) sequences of 100 accessions representing the biogeographic diversity of Adiantum were analyzed with parsimony and Bayesian inference. Biogeography of the Adiantum pedatum complex was inferred using programs DIVA and LAGRANGE. Divergence times of clades were estimated with the program BEAST. KEY RESULTS The A. pedatum complex is monophyletic and sister to the eastern Asian A. edentulum. Accessions of A. pedatum do not form a clade; instead three subgroups are recognizable. The clade of A. aleuticum and A. viridimontanum is nested within A. pedatum. The Asian A. myriosorum is sister to the A. pedatum-A. aleuticum clade. Both DIVA and LAGRANGE analyses suggest an eastern Asian origin of the A. pedatum complex. The age of the crown A. pedatum complex is dated to be at 4.27 (2.24-6.57) million years ago. CONCLUSIONS The currently recognized eastern Asian-North American disjunct species A. pedatum needs to be segregated into three species, corresponding to populations in eastern North America, China, and Japan. The eastern Asian-North American disjunction in the complex is inferred to be the result of two intercontinental migrations, one from eastern Asia into North America in the late Tertiary and the other from North America back to eastern Asia in the Pleistocene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Mei Lu
- Key Laboratory of Biodiversity and Biogeography, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yunnan, China
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Mayrose I, Zhan SH, Rothfels CJ, Magnuson-Ford K, Barker MS, Rieseberg LH, Otto SP. Recently formed polyploid plants diversify at lower rates. Science 2011; 333:1257. [PMID: 21852456 DOI: 10.1126/science.1207205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 296] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Polyploidy, the doubling of genomic content, is a widespread feature, especially among plants, yet its macroevolutionary impacts are contentious. Traditionally, polyploidy has been considered an evolutionary dead end, whereas recent genomic studies suggest that polyploidy has been a key driver of macroevolutionary success. We examined the consequences of polyploidy on the time scale of genera across a diverse set of vascular plants, encompassing hundreds of inferred polyploidization events. Likelihood-based analyses indicate that polyploids generally exhibit lower speciation rates and higher extinction rates than diploids, providing the first quantitative corroboration of the dead-end hypothesis. The increased speciation rates of diploids can, in part, be ascribed to their capacity to speciate via polyploidy. Only particularly fit lineages of polyploids may persist to enjoy longer-term evolutionary success.
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Affiliation(s)
- Itay Mayrose
- Biodiversity Research Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada.
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Liu HM, Zhang XC, Wang W, Zeng H. Molecular phylogeny of the endemic fern genera Cyrtomidictyum and Cyrtogonellum (Dryopteridaceae) from East Asia. ORG DIVERS EVOL 2010. [DOI: 10.1007/s13127-010-0010-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Li CX, Lu SG, Barrington DS. Phylogeny of Chinese Polystichum (Dryopteridaceae) based on chloroplast DNA sequence data (trnL-F and rps4-trnS). JOURNAL OF PLANT RESEARCH 2008; 121:19-26. [PMID: 18000642 DOI: 10.1007/s10265-007-0120-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2007] [Accepted: 09/27/2007] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Polystichum is one of the largest and most taxonomically complex fern genera in China. The evolutionary relationships of Chinese Polystichum and related genera, and the relationship between our Polystichum phylogeny and ecogeographic distribution, were tested by the use of DNA sequence data. Fifty-one species of Polystichum and 21 species in allied genera were sequenced for the plastid intergenic spacers rps4-trnS and trnL-F. Maximum parsimony and Bayesian phylogenetic analyses of both individual and combined data sets showed that Chinese Polystichum as commonly recognized was paraphyletic: one clade (the CCPC clade) included Cyrtomidictyum lepidocaulon, two Cyrtogonellum species, three Cyrtomium species, and a small number of Polystichum species usually occurring on limestone. A second clade, Polystichum sensu stricto, included the remainder of the Polystichum species; these often occur on non-limestone substrates. The remaining Cyrtomium species formed the third clade. Three subclades resolved within Polystichum sensu stricto (s.s.) clade do not correspond with recent sectional classifications, and we outline the issues relevant to a new classification for the genus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Xiang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Palaeobiology and Stratigraphy of the Nanjing Institute of Geology and Palaeontology, The Chinese Academy of Science, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province 210008, China.
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Liu H, Zhang X, Chen Z, Qiu Y. Inclusion of the Eastern Asia endemic genus Sorolepidium in Polystichum (Dryopteridaceae): Evidence from the chloroplast rbcL gene and morphological characteristics. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007. [DOI: 10.1007/s11434-007-0115-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Phylogeny and divergence of Chinese Angiopteridaceae based on chloroplast DNA sequence data (rbcL and trnL-F). ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007. [DOI: 10.1007/s11434-007-0022-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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