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Casazza G, Macrì C, Dagnino D, Guerrina M, Juin M, Minuto L, Thompson JD, Baumel A, Médail F. When ecological marginality is not geographically peripheral: exploring genetic predictions of the centre-periphery hypothesis in the endemic plant Lilium pomponium. PeerJ 2021; 9:e11039. [PMID: 33854841 PMCID: PMC7955672 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.11039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2020] [Accepted: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Quantifying variation of genetic traits over the geographical range of species is crucial for understanding the factors driving their range dynamics. The center-periphery hypothesis postulates, and many studies support, the idea that genetic diversity decreases and genetic differentiation increases toward the geographical periphery due to population isolation. The effects of environmental marginality on genetic variation has however received much less attention. Methods We tested the concordance between geographical and environmental gradients and the genetic predictions of center-periphery hypothesis for endemic Lilium pomponium in the southern Alps. Results We found little evidence for concordance between genetic variation and both geographical and environmental gradients. Although the prediction of increased differentiation at range limits is met, genetic diversity does not decrease towards the geographical periphery. Increased differentiation among peripheral populations, that are not ecologically marginal, may be explained by a decrease in habitat availability that reduces population connectivity. In contrast, a decrease of genetic diversity along environmental but not geographical gradients may be due to the presence of low quality habitats in the different parts of the range of a species that reduce effective population size or increase environmental constraints. As a result, environmental factors may affect population dynamics irrespective of distance from the geographical center of the range. In such situations of discordance between geographical and environmental gradients, the predictions of decreasing genetic diversity and increasing differentiation toward the geographical periphery may not be respected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriele Casazza
- Institut Méditerranéen de Biodiversité et d'Ecologie marine et continentale (IMBE), Aix Marseille Université, Avignon Université, CNRS, IRD. Technopôle de l'Arbois-Méditerranée, Aix en Provence, France
| | - Carmelo Macrì
- Department for the Earth, Environment and Life Sciences (DISTAV), University of Genoa, Genova, Italy
| | - Davide Dagnino
- Department for the Earth, Environment and Life Sciences (DISTAV), University of Genoa, Genova, Italy
| | - Maria Guerrina
- Department for the Earth, Environment and Life Sciences (DISTAV), University of Genoa, Genova, Italy
| | - Marianick Juin
- Institut Méditerranéen de Biodiversité et d'Ecologie marine et continentale (IMBE), Aix Marseille Université, Avignon Université, CNRS, IRD. Technopôle de l'Arbois-Méditerranée, Aix en Provence, France
| | - Luigi Minuto
- Department for the Earth, Environment and Life Sciences (DISTAV), University of Genoa, Genova, Italy
| | - John D Thompson
- CEFE, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, EPHE, IRD, Univ Paul Valéry Montpellier 3, Montpellier, France
| | - Alex Baumel
- Institut Méditerranéen de Biodiversité et d'Ecologie marine et continentale (IMBE), Aix Marseille Université, Avignon Université, CNRS, IRD. Technopôle de l'Arbois-Méditerranée, Aix en Provence, France
| | - Frédéric Médail
- Institut Méditerranéen de Biodiversité et d'Ecologie marine et continentale (IMBE), Aix Marseille Université, Avignon Université, CNRS, IRD. Technopôle de l'Arbois-Méditerranée, Aix en Provence, France
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Macrì C, Dagnino D, Guerrina M, Médail F, Minuto L, Thompson JD, Casazza G. Effects of environmental heterogeneity on phenotypic variation of the endemic plant Lilium pomponium in the Maritime and Ligurian Alps. Oecologia 2020; 195:93-103. [PMID: 33269409 PMCID: PMC7882563 DOI: 10.1007/s00442-020-04806-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2019] [Accepted: 11/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Geographical limits of species’ distributions are assumed to be coincident with ecological margins, although this assumption might not always be true. Indeed, harsh environments such as Alpine and Mediterranean ecosystems may favour high phenotypic variability among populations, especially those in peripheral sites. Floral traits are often found to be less variable and less affected by environmental heterogeneity than vegetative traits because variation in the former may have negative effects on fitness. For this reason, it is important to quantify variation in floral traits and plant fecundity in study range limits. The objective of the study is to examine phenotypic variation and differences in reproduction in endemic Lilium pomponium in the Maritime and Ligurian Alps in relation to environmental variation across its distribution range. In this species, marginal climatic populations occur both in the peripheral and central geographical locations of the distribution range; hence, geographical and ecological gradients are not concordant. Floral trait variation is related to local environmental conditions with an array of interactions among resource availability, potential pollen limitation and population size that are differentially related to floral traits. Contrary to the general expectation, all central and peripheral populations had similar, moderate seed production with each group limited by different factors acting on different stages of the life-history strategy. Our results are in line with the idea that general expectations are confirmed only when its assumptions are met and that the differences in pollination environment along an environmental gradient may not be the main determinant of the distribution limit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmelo Macrì
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Terra dell'Ambiente e della Vita (DISTAV), University of Genoa, Corso Europa 26, 16132, Genoa, Italy
| | - Davide Dagnino
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Terra dell'Ambiente e della Vita (DISTAV), University of Genoa, Corso Europa 26, 16132, Genoa, Italy
| | - Maria Guerrina
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Terra dell'Ambiente e della Vita (DISTAV), University of Genoa, Corso Europa 26, 16132, Genoa, Italy
| | - Frédéric Médail
- Institut Méditerranéen de Biodiversité et d'Ecologie marine et continentale (IMBE), Aix Marseille Université, Avignon Université, CNRS, IRD, Technopôle de l'Arbois-Méditerranée, BP 80, 13545, Aix-en-Provence Cedex 4, France
| | - Luigi Minuto
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Terra dell'Ambiente e della Vita (DISTAV), University of Genoa, Corso Europa 26, 16132, Genoa, Italy.
| | - John D Thompson
- Centre d'Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive, CNRS, 1919 route de Mende, 34293, Montpellier Cedex 5, France
| | - Gabriele Casazza
- Institut Méditerranéen de Biodiversité et d'Ecologie marine et continentale (IMBE), Aix Marseille Université, Avignon Université, CNRS, IRD, Technopôle de l'Arbois-Méditerranée, BP 80, 13545, Aix-en-Provence Cedex 4, France
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Liu CQ, Gao YD, Niu Y, Xiong YZ, Sun H. Floral adaptations of two lilies: implications for the evolution and pollination ecology of huge trumpet-shaped flowers. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF BOTANY 2019; 106:622-632. [PMID: 31022316 DOI: 10.1002/ajb2.1275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2018] [Accepted: 01/11/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
PREMISE Evolutionary transitions among floral morphologies, many of which provide evidence for adaptation to novel pollinators, are common. Some trumpet-shaped flowers are among the largest flowers in angiosperms, occurring in different lineages. Our goal was to investigate the role of pollinators in the evolution of these flowers using Lilium. METHODS We investigated floral traits and pollinators of L. primulinum var. ochraceum and L. brownii var. viridulum and reviewed reports of visitors to huge trumpet-shaped flowers. Using a published phylogeny of Lilium, we reconstructed ancestral floral morphological states in Lilium to elucidate the origins of trumpet-shaped lilies. RESULTS Both lilies are largely self-incompatible and show floral syndromes indicative of hawkmoth pollination. The short trumpet-shaped lily can be pollinated by short-tongued (<40 mm) but not long-tongued hawkmoths (>65 mm), while the huge trumpet-shaped lily can be pollinated by both. A literature review including 22 species of trumpet-shaped flowers suggests that their pollinator guilds commonly include both short- and long-tongued moths. A phylogenetic reconstruction indicates that trumpet-shaped lilies possibly have multiple origins from tepal-reflexed ancestors, at least six of which have evolved huge flowers (>50 mm). CONCLUSIONS Adaptation to short-tongued hawkmoths may have initiated the evolution of trumpet-shaped lilies. Huge trumpet-shaped lilies may have evolved as a response to selection by long-tongued hawkmoths, without excluding the short-tongued ones. This evolutionary pathway leads to a functionally more generalized pollination system instead of an increasingly specialized one and is not necessarily associated with pollinator shifts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang-Qiu Liu
- Key Laboratory for Plant Diversity and Biogeography of East Asia, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201, Yunnan, China
| | - Yun-Dong Gao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mountain Ecological Restoration and Bioresource Utilization & Ecological Restoration and Biodiversity Conservation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Yang Niu
- Key Laboratory for Plant Diversity and Biogeography of East Asia, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201, Yunnan, China
| | - Ying-Ze Xiong
- School of Life Sciences, China Central Normal University, Wuhan, 430079, China
| | - Hang Sun
- Key Laboratory for Plant Diversity and Biogeography of East Asia, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201, Yunnan, China
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Li JW, Zhang XC, Wang MR, Bi WL, Faisal M, da Silva JAT, Volk GM, Wang QC. Development, progress and future prospects in cryobiotechnology of Lilium spp. PLANT METHODS 2019; 15:125. [PMID: 31700526 PMCID: PMC6825351 DOI: 10.1186/s13007-019-0506-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2019] [Accepted: 10/18/2019] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Lilium is one of the most popular flower crops worldwide, and some species are also used as vegetables and medicines. The availability of and easy access to diverse Lilium genetic resources are essential for plant genetic improvements. Cryopreservation is currently considered as an ideal means for the long-term preservation of plant germplasm. Over the last two decades, great efforts have been exerted in studies of Lilium cryopreservation and progress has been made in the successful cryopreservation of pollen, seeds and shoot tips in Lilium. Genes that exist in Lilium, including those that regulate flower shape, color and size, and that are resistant to cold stress and diseases caused by fungi and viruses, provide a rich source of valuable genetic resources for breeding programs to create novel cultivars required by the global floriculture and ornamental markets. Successful cryopreservation of Lilium spp. is a way to preserve these valuable genes. The present study provides updated and comprehensive information about the development of techniques that have advanced Lilium cryopreservation. Further ideas are proposed to better direct future studies on Lilium cryobiotechnology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing-Wei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Region, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100 Shaanxi People’s Republic of China
- College of Agronomy, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025 Guizhou People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Chen Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Region, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100 Shaanxi People’s Republic of China
| | - Min-Rui Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Region, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100 Shaanxi People’s Republic of China
| | - Wen-Lu Bi
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Region, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100 Shaanxi People’s Republic of China
- Gosling Research Institute for Plant Preservation (GRIPP), Department of Plant Agriculture, University of Guelph, Bovey Bldg, Room 4227, Guelph, ON Canada
| | - M. Faisal
- Department of Botany & Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh, 11451 Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Gayle M. Volk
- National Laboratory for Genetic Resources Preservation, 1111 S. Mason St, Fort Collins, CO 80521 USA
| | - Qiao-Chun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Region, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100 Shaanxi People’s Republic of China
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