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Varaldo L, Guerrina M, Dagnino D, Minuto L, Casazza G. Dealing with disjunct populations of vascular plants: implications for assessing the effect of climate change. Oecologia 2023; 201:421-434. [PMID: 36738314 PMCID: PMC9945546 DOI: 10.1007/s00442-023-05323-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Accepted: 01/15/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Species distribution models are the most widely used tool to predict species distributions for species conservation and assessment of climate change impact. However, they usually do not consider intraspecific ecological variation exhibited by many species. Overlooking the potential differentiation among groups of populations may lead to misplacing any conservation actions. This issue may be particularly relevant in species in which few populations with potential local adaptation occur, as in species with disjunct populations. Here, we used ecological niche modeling to analyze how the projections of current and future climatically suitable areas of 12 plant species can be affected using the whole taxa occurrences compared to occurrences from geographically disjunct populations. Niche analyses suggest that usually the disjunct group of populations selects the climatic conditions as similar as possible to the other according to climate availability. Integrating intraspecific variability only slightly increases models' ability to predict species occurrences. However, it results in different predictions of the magnitude of range change. In some species, integrating or not integrating intraspecific variability may lead to opposite trend in projected range change. Our results suggest that integrating intraspecific variability does not strongly improve overall models' accuracy, but it can result in considerably different conclusions about future range change. Consequently, accounting for intraspecific differentiation may enable the detection of potential local adaptations to new climate and so to design targeted conservation strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucia Varaldo
- Università di Genova, Dipartimento di Scienze della terra, Ambiente e Vita, Corso Europa 26, I-16132, Genoa, Italy
| | - Maria Guerrina
- Università di Genova, Dipartimento di Scienze della terra, Ambiente e Vita, Corso Europa 26, I-16132, Genoa, Italy
| | - Davide Dagnino
- Università di Genova, Dipartimento di Scienze della terra, Ambiente e Vita, Corso Europa 26, I-16132, Genoa, Italy
| | - Luigi Minuto
- Università di Genova, Dipartimento di Scienze della terra, Ambiente e Vita, Corso Europa 26, I-16132, Genoa, Italy.
| | - Gabriele Casazza
- Università di Genova, Dipartimento di Scienze della terra, Ambiente e Vita, Corso Europa 26, I-16132, Genoa, Italy
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Bartolucci F, Domina G, Argenti C, Bacchetta G, Ballelli S, Banfi E, Barberis D, Barberis G, Bertolli A, Bolpagni R, Bonari G, Bonini F, Briozzo I, Brundu G, Bruschi T, Calbi M, Callegari M, Calvia G, Campoccia D, Cancellieri L, Cangelmi G, Carfagno S, Carruggio F, Casazza G, Cavallaro V, Cherchi S, Ciocia B, Conti F, Crisafulli A, Dagnino D, Vecchia AD, De Fine G, Del Nero V, Di Filippo A, Dunkel FG, Festi F, Filibeck G, Fois M, Forte L, Fratolin F, Galasso G, Gigante D, Gottschlich G, Gubellini L, Hofmann N, Jiménez-Mejías P, Laface VLA, Lonati M, Lozano V, Mainetti A, Mariotti M, Mei G, Minutillo F, Minuto L, Musarella CM, Nota G, Orsenigo S, Pallanza M, Passalacqua NG, Pazienza G, Pinzani L, Pittarello M, Podda L, Prosser F, Enri SR, Riva G, Santi F, Scoppola A, Selvaggi A, Selvi F, Spampinato G, Stinca A, Tomaselli V, Tomasi G, Tondi G, Turcato C, Wilhalm T, Lastrucci L. Notulae to the Italian native vascular flora: 12. IB 2021. [DOI: 10.3897/italianbotanist.12.78038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
In this contribution, new data concerning the distribution of native vascular flora in Italy are presented. It includes new records, confirmations, exclusions, and status changes to the Italian administrative regions. Nomenclatural and distribution updates, published elsewhere, and corrigenda are provided as Suppl. material 1.
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3
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Casazza G, Macrì C, Dagnino D, Guerrina M, Juin M, Minuto L, Thompson JD, Baumel A, Médail F. When ecological marginality is not geographically peripheral: exploring genetic predictions of the centre-periphery hypothesis in the endemic plant Lilium pomponium. PeerJ 2021; 9:e11039. [PMID: 33854841 PMCID: PMC7955672 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.11039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2020] [Accepted: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Quantifying variation of genetic traits over the geographical range of species is crucial for understanding the factors driving their range dynamics. The center-periphery hypothesis postulates, and many studies support, the idea that genetic diversity decreases and genetic differentiation increases toward the geographical periphery due to population isolation. The effects of environmental marginality on genetic variation has however received much less attention. Methods We tested the concordance between geographical and environmental gradients and the genetic predictions of center-periphery hypothesis for endemic Lilium pomponium in the southern Alps. Results We found little evidence for concordance between genetic variation and both geographical and environmental gradients. Although the prediction of increased differentiation at range limits is met, genetic diversity does not decrease towards the geographical periphery. Increased differentiation among peripheral populations, that are not ecologically marginal, may be explained by a decrease in habitat availability that reduces population connectivity. In contrast, a decrease of genetic diversity along environmental but not geographical gradients may be due to the presence of low quality habitats in the different parts of the range of a species that reduce effective population size or increase environmental constraints. As a result, environmental factors may affect population dynamics irrespective of distance from the geographical center of the range. In such situations of discordance between geographical and environmental gradients, the predictions of decreasing genetic diversity and increasing differentiation toward the geographical periphery may not be respected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriele Casazza
- Institut Méditerranéen de Biodiversité et d'Ecologie marine et continentale (IMBE), Aix Marseille Université, Avignon Université, CNRS, IRD. Technopôle de l'Arbois-Méditerranée, Aix en Provence, France
| | - Carmelo Macrì
- Department for the Earth, Environment and Life Sciences (DISTAV), University of Genoa, Genova, Italy
| | - Davide Dagnino
- Department for the Earth, Environment and Life Sciences (DISTAV), University of Genoa, Genova, Italy
| | - Maria Guerrina
- Department for the Earth, Environment and Life Sciences (DISTAV), University of Genoa, Genova, Italy
| | - Marianick Juin
- Institut Méditerranéen de Biodiversité et d'Ecologie marine et continentale (IMBE), Aix Marseille Université, Avignon Université, CNRS, IRD. Technopôle de l'Arbois-Méditerranée, Aix en Provence, France
| | - Luigi Minuto
- Department for the Earth, Environment and Life Sciences (DISTAV), University of Genoa, Genova, Italy
| | - John D Thompson
- CEFE, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, EPHE, IRD, Univ Paul Valéry Montpellier 3, Montpellier, France
| | - Alex Baumel
- Institut Méditerranéen de Biodiversité et d'Ecologie marine et continentale (IMBE), Aix Marseille Université, Avignon Université, CNRS, IRD. Technopôle de l'Arbois-Méditerranée, Aix en Provence, France
| | - Frédéric Médail
- Institut Méditerranéen de Biodiversité et d'Ecologie marine et continentale (IMBE), Aix Marseille Université, Avignon Université, CNRS, IRD. Technopôle de l'Arbois-Méditerranée, Aix en Provence, France
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Ravera S, Puglisi M, Vizzini A, Totti C, Barberis G, Bianchi E, Boemo A, Bonini I, Bouvet D, Cocozza C, Dagnino D, Di Nuzzo L, Fačkovcová Z, Gheza G, Gianfreda S, Giordani P, Hilpold A, Hurtado P, Köckinger H, Isocrono D, Loppi S, Malicek J, Matino C, Minuto L, Nascimbene J, Pandeli G, Paoli L, Puntillo D, Puntillo M, Rossi A, Sguazzin F, Spitale D, Stifter S, Turcato C, Vazzola S. Notulae to the Italian flora of algae, bryophytes, fungi and lichens: 10. IB 2020. [DOI: 10.3897/italianbotanist.10.59352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
In this contribution, new data concerning red algae, bryophytes, fungi and lichens of the Italian flora are presented. It includes new records and confirmations for the algal genus Thorea, for the bryophyte genera Ephemerum, Hedwigia, Pogonatum, Riccia, Sphagnum, and Tortella, the fungal genera Pileolaria and Sporisorium, and the lichen genera Bacidia, Cerothallia, Chaenotheca, Cladonia, Halecania, Lecanora, Phylloblastia, Physcia, Protoparmelia, Pycnora, Segestria, and Sphaerophorus.
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Macrì C, Dagnino D, Guerrina M, Médail F, Minuto L, Thompson JD, Casazza G. Effects of environmental heterogeneity on phenotypic variation of the endemic plant Lilium pomponium in the Maritime and Ligurian Alps. Oecologia 2020; 195:93-103. [PMID: 33269409 PMCID: PMC7882563 DOI: 10.1007/s00442-020-04806-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2019] [Accepted: 11/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Geographical limits of species’ distributions are assumed to be coincident with ecological margins, although this assumption might not always be true. Indeed, harsh environments such as Alpine and Mediterranean ecosystems may favour high phenotypic variability among populations, especially those in peripheral sites. Floral traits are often found to be less variable and less affected by environmental heterogeneity than vegetative traits because variation in the former may have negative effects on fitness. For this reason, it is important to quantify variation in floral traits and plant fecundity in study range limits. The objective of the study is to examine phenotypic variation and differences in reproduction in endemic Lilium pomponium in the Maritime and Ligurian Alps in relation to environmental variation across its distribution range. In this species, marginal climatic populations occur both in the peripheral and central geographical locations of the distribution range; hence, geographical and ecological gradients are not concordant. Floral trait variation is related to local environmental conditions with an array of interactions among resource availability, potential pollen limitation and population size that are differentially related to floral traits. Contrary to the general expectation, all central and peripheral populations had similar, moderate seed production with each group limited by different factors acting on different stages of the life-history strategy. Our results are in line with the idea that general expectations are confirmed only when its assumptions are met and that the differences in pollination environment along an environmental gradient may not be the main determinant of the distribution limit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmelo Macrì
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Terra dell'Ambiente e della Vita (DISTAV), University of Genoa, Corso Europa 26, 16132, Genoa, Italy
| | - Davide Dagnino
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Terra dell'Ambiente e della Vita (DISTAV), University of Genoa, Corso Europa 26, 16132, Genoa, Italy
| | - Maria Guerrina
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Terra dell'Ambiente e della Vita (DISTAV), University of Genoa, Corso Europa 26, 16132, Genoa, Italy
| | - Frédéric Médail
- Institut Méditerranéen de Biodiversité et d'Ecologie marine et continentale (IMBE), Aix Marseille Université, Avignon Université, CNRS, IRD, Technopôle de l'Arbois-Méditerranée, BP 80, 13545, Aix-en-Provence Cedex 4, France
| | - Luigi Minuto
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Terra dell'Ambiente e della Vita (DISTAV), University of Genoa, Corso Europa 26, 16132, Genoa, Italy.
| | - John D Thompson
- Centre d'Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive, CNRS, 1919 route de Mende, 34293, Montpellier Cedex 5, France
| | - Gabriele Casazza
- Institut Méditerranéen de Biodiversité et d'Ecologie marine et continentale (IMBE), Aix Marseille Université, Avignon Université, CNRS, IRD, Technopôle de l'Arbois-Méditerranée, BP 80, 13545, Aix-en-Provence Cedex 4, France
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Bartolucci F, Domina G, Andreatta S, Angius R, Ardenghi NMG, Bacchetta G, Ballelli S, Banfi E, Barberis D, Barberis G, Bernardo L, Bertolli A, Bonari G, Bovio M, Briozzo I, Buccomino G, Calvia G, Chianese G, Cibei C, Conti F, Copez M, Crisanti A, Dagnino D, Di Filippo A, Esposito A, Fanni S, Festi F, Forte L, Galasso G, Gentili R, Gottschlich G, Lattanzi E, Liguori P, Locci MC, Longo D, Lonati M, Lucchese F, Marchetti D, Mariotti MG, Menini F, Minuto L, Orrù G, Pala ML, Passalacqua NG, Pellegrino M, Pennesi R, Peruzzi L, Pinzani L, Pirastru G, Prosser F, Ravetto Enri S, Roma-Marzio F, Russo G, Scoppola A, Silletti G, Stinca A, Toffolo C, Tomaselli V, Tondi G, Trenchi M, Turcato C, Nepi C. Notulae to the Italian native vascular flora: 9. IB 2020. [DOI: 10.3897/italianbotanist.9.53429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
In this contribution, new data concerning the distribution of native vascular flora in Italy are presented. It includes new records, confirmations, exclusions, and status changes to the Italian administrative regions. Two new combinations are proposed. Nomenclatural and distribution updates, published elsewhere, and corrigenda are provided as Suppl. material 1.
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Galasso G, Domina G, Adorni M, Angiolini C, Apruzzese M, Ardenghi NMG, Assini S, Aversa M, Bacchetta G, Banfi E, Barberis G, Bartolucci F, Bernardo L, Bertolli A, Bonali F, Bonari G, Bonini I, Bracco F, Brundu G, Buccomino G, Buono S, Calvia G, Cambria S, Castagnini P, Ceschin S, Dagnino D, Di Gristina E, Di Turi A, Fascetti S, Ferretti G, Fois M, Gentili R, Gheza G, Gubellini L, Hofmann N, Iamonico D, Ilari A, Király A, Király G, Laface VL, Lallai A, Lazzaro L, Lonati M, Longo D, Lozano V, Lupoletti J, Magrini S, Mainetti A, Manca M, Marchetti D, Mariani F, Mariotti MG, Masin RR, Mei G, Menini F, Merli M, Milani A, Minuto L, Mugnai M, Musarella CM, Olivieri N, Onnis L, Passalacqua NG, Peccenini S, Peruzzi L, Pica A, Pinzani L, Pittarello M, Podda L, Prosser F, Enri SR, Roma-Marzio F, Rosati L, Sarigu M, Scafidi F, Sciandrello S, Selvaggi A, Spampinato G, Stinca A, Tavilla G, Toffolo C, Tomasi G, Turcato C, Villano C, Nepi C. Notulae to the Italian alien vascular flora: 9. IB 2020. [DOI: 10.3897/italianbotanist.9.53401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
In this contribution, new data concerning the distribution of vascular flora alien to Italy are presented. It includes new records, confirmations, exclusions, and status changes for Italy or for Italian administrative regions. Furthermore, three new combinations are proposed. Nomenclatural and distribution updates published elsewhere are provided as Suppl. material 1.
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Bartolucci F, Domina G, Ardenghi NMG, Bacaro G, Bacchetta G, Ballarin F, Banfi E, Barberis G, Beccarisi L, Bernardo L, Bonari G, Bonini F, Brullo S, Buono S, Buono V, Calbi M, Caldararo F, Calvia G, Cancellieri L, Cannavò S, Dagnino D, Esposito A, Fascetti S, Filibeck G, Fiorini G, Forte L, Galasso G, Gestri G, Gigante D, Gottschlich G, Gubellini L, Hofmann N, Lastrucci L, Lonati M, Lorenz R, Lunardi L, Magrini S, Mainetti A, Maiorca G, Mereu G, Messa Ballarin RT, Minuto L, Mossini S, Musarella CM, Nimis PL, Passalacqua NG, Peccenini S, Petriglia B, Podda L, Potenza G, Ravetto Enri S, Roma-Marzio F, Rosati L, Ruggero A, Spampinato G, Stinca A, Tiburtini M, Tietto C, Tomaselli V, Turcato C, Viciani D, Wagensommer RP, Nepi C. Notulae to the Italian native vascular flora: 8. IB 2019. [DOI: 10.3897/italianbotanist.8.48626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
In this contribution, new data concerning the distribution of native vascular flora in Italy are presented. It includes new records, confirmations, exclusions, and status changes to the Italian administrative regions for taxa in the genera Ajuga, Chamaemelum, Clematis, Convolvulus, Cytisus, Deschampsia, Eleocharis, Epipactis, Euphorbia, Groenlandia, Hedera, Hieracium, Hydrocharis, Jacobaea, Juncus, Klasea, Lagurus, Leersia, Linum, Nerium, Onopordum, Persicaria, Phlomis, Polypogon, Potamogeton, Securigera, Sedum, Soleirolia, Stachys, Umbilicus, Valerianella, and Vinca. Nomenclatural and distribution updates, published elsewhere, and corrigenda are provided as Suppl. material 1.
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Ravera S, Puglisi M, Vizzini A, Totti C, Arosio G, Benesperi R, Bianchi E, Boccardo F, Briozzo I, Dagnino D, De Giuseppe AB, Dovana F, Di Nuzzo L, Fascetti S, Gheza G, Giordani P, Malíček J, Mariotti MG, Mayrhofer H, Minuto L, Nascimbene J, Nimis PL, Martellos S, Passalacqua NG, Pittao E, Potenza G, Puntillo D, Rosati L, Sicoli G, Spitale D, Tomaselli V, Trabucco R, Turcato C, Vallese C, Zardini M. Notulae to the Italian flora of algae, bryophytes, fungi and lichens: 8. IB 2019. [DOI: 10.3897/italianbotanist.8.48263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
In this contribution, new data concerning algae, bryophytes, fungi, and lichens of the Italian flora are presented. It includes new records and confirmations for the algae genus Chara, the bryophyte genera Homalia, Mannia, and Tortella, the fungal genera Cortinarius, Russula, and Stereum, and the lichen genera Cetrelia, Cladonia, Enterographa, Graphis, Lecanora, Lepraria, Multiclavula, Mycomicrothelia, Parmelia, Peltigera, Pleopsidium, Psora, Scytinium, Umbilicaria, and Rhizocarpon.
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Casazza G, Carta A, Giordani P, Guerrina M, Peruzzi L, Minuto L. Reproductive biology of the threatened Lilium pomponium (Liliaceae), a species endemic to Maritime and Ligurian Alps. J Plant Res 2018; 131:633-640. [PMID: 29500748 DOI: 10.1007/s10265-018-1019-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2017] [Accepted: 02/07/2018] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Pollination ecology and breeding system of Lilium pomponium L. were studied, and their effect on the reproductive outcome was assessed. This species has high conservation interest in Europe, because it is included in Annex V of the EU Habitat Directive and it is one out of the five Lilium species listed in IUCN Global Red List. To achieve our aim, the pollen vectors as well as the effect of bagging, emasculation and artificial pollination on reproductive output were studied. The most frequent visitor was the Lepidopteran Gonepteryx rhamnii. In general, reproductive outputs were close to zero for all the self-pollination treatments; however, geitonogamy and facilitated selfing seem slightly more efficient than autogamy, as also confirmed by self-compatibility and autofertility indices. Altogether, our results suggest a self-incompatible outcrossing breeding system, with a poor capacity for selfing. Nevertheless, climate change and anthropic threats might promote a shift toward self-fertilization, even maladaptive, favouring the few individuals able to produce selfed seeds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriele Casazza
- DISTAV, University of Genoa, Corso Europa 26, 16132, Genoa, Italy.
| | - Angelino Carta
- Department of Biology, Unit of Botany, University of Pisa, Via Derna 1, 56126, Pisa, Italy
| | - Paolo Giordani
- DIFAR, University of Genoa, Viale Cembrano 4, 16148, Genoa, Italy
| | - Maria Guerrina
- Department of Ecology and Genetics, Uppsala University, Norbyvägen 18D, 75236, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Lorenzo Peruzzi
- Department of Biology, Unit of Botany, University of Pisa, Via Derna 1, 56126, Pisa, Italy
| | - Luigi Minuto
- DISTAV, University of Genoa, Corso Europa 26, 16132, Genoa, Italy
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Galasso G, Domina G, Adorni M, Ardenghi N, Bonari G, Buono S, Cancellieri L, Chianese G, Ferretti G, Fiaschi T, Forte L, Guarino R, Labadessa R, Lastrucci L, Lazzaro L, Magrini S, Minuto L, Mossini S, Olivieri N, Scoppola A, Stinca A, Turcato C, Nepi C. Notulae to the Italian alien vascular flora: 5. IB 2018. [DOI: 10.3897/ib.5.25910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
In this contribution, new data concerning the distribution of vascular flora alien to Italy are presented. It includes new records, and confirmations for Italy or for Italian administrative regions of taxa in the genera Albizia, Anredera, Bougainvillea, Cardamine, Cenchrus, Cephalaria, Ceratochloa, Cytisus, Datura, Delosperma, Euonymus, Freesia, Hylotelephium, Lantana, Musa, Physalis, Rotala, Styphnolobium, Trachycarpus, and Tradescantia. Nomenclature and distribution updates, published elsewhere, and corrections are provided as supplementary material.
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12
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Galasso G, Domina G, Adorni M, Ardenghi N, Bonari G, Buono S, Cancellieri L, Chianese G, Ferretti G, Fiaschi T, Forte L, Guarino R, Labadessa R, Lastrucci L, Lazzaro L, Magrini S, Minuto L, Mossini S, Olivieri N, Scoppola A, Stinca A, Turcato C, Nepi C. Notulae to the Italian alien vascular flora: 5. IB 2018. [DOI: 10.3897/italianbotanist.5.25910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
In this contribution, new data concerning the distribution of vascular flora alien to Italy are presented. It includes new records, and confirmations for Italy or for Italian administrative regions of taxa in the genera Albizia, Anredera, Bougainvillea, Cardamine, Cenchrus, Cephalaria, Ceratochloa, Cytisus, Datura, Delosperma, Euonymus, Freesia, Hylotelephium, Lantana, Musa, Physalis, Rotala, Styphnolobium, Trachycarpus, and Tradescantia. Nomenclature and distribution updates, published elsewhere, and corrections are provided as supplementary material.
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13
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Dagnino D, Minuto L, Casazza G. Divergence is not enough: the use of ecological niche models for the validation of taxon boundaries. Plant Biol (Stuttg) 2017; 19:1003-1011. [PMID: 28691341 DOI: 10.1111/plb.12600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2016] [Accepted: 07/04/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Delimiting taxon boundaries is crucial for any evolutionary research and conservation regulation. In order to avoid mistaken description of species, the approach of integrative taxonomy recommends considering multidisciplinary lines of evidence, including ecology. Unfortunately, ecological data are often difficult to quantify objectively. Here we test and discuss the potential use of ecological niche models for validating taxon boundaries, using three pairs of closely related plant taxa endemic to the south-western Alps as a case study. We also discuss the application of ecological niche models for species delimitation and the implementation of different approaches. Niche overlap, niche equivalency and niche similarity were assessed both in multidimensional environmental space and in geographic space to look for differences in the niche of three pairs of closely related plant taxa. We detected a high degree of niche differentiation between taxa although this result seems not due to differences in habitat selection. The different statistical tests gave contrasting outcomes between environmental and geographic spaces. According to our results, niche divergence does not seem to support taxon boundaries at species level, but may have had important consequences for local adaptation and in generating phenotypic diversity at intraspecific level. Environmental space analysis should be preferred to geographic space as it provides more clear results. Even if the different analyses widely disagree in their conclusions about taxon boundaries, our study suggests that ecological niche models may help taxonomists to reach a decision.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Dagnino
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Terra, Ambiente e Vita, Università degli Studi di Genova, Genova, Italy
| | - L Minuto
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Terra, Ambiente e Vita, Università degli Studi di Genova, Genova, Italy
| | - G Casazza
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Terra, Ambiente e Vita, Università degli Studi di Genova, Genova, Italy
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Casazza G, Lumini E, Ercole E, Dovana F, Guerrina M, Arnulfo A, Minuto L, Fusconi A, Mucciarelli M. The abundance and diversity of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi are linked to the soil chemistry of screes and to slope in the Alpic paleo-endemic Berardia subacaulis. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0171866. [PMID: 28192471 PMCID: PMC5305098 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0171866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2016] [Accepted: 01/26/2017] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Berardia subacaulis Vill. is a monospecific genus that is endemic to the South-western Alps, where it grows on alpine screes, which are extreme habitats characterized by soil disturbance and limiting growth conditions. Root colonization by arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) is presumably of great importance in these environments, because of its positive effect on plant nutrition and stress tolerance, as well as on structuring the soil. However, there is currently a lack of information on this topic. In this paper, we tested which soil characteristics and biotic factors could contribute to determining the abundance and community composition of AMF in the roots of B. subacaulis, which had previously been found to be mycorrhizal. For such a reason, the influence of soil properties and environmental factors on AMF abundance and community composition in the roots of B. subacaulis, sampled on three different scree slopes, were analysed through microscopic and molecular analysis. The results have shown that the AMF community of Berardia roots was dominated by Glomeraceae, and included a core of AMF taxa, common to all three scree slopes. The vegetation coverage and dark septate endophytes were not related to the AMF colonization percentage and plant community did not influence the root AMF composition. The abundance of AMF in the roots was related to some chemical (available extractable calcium and potassium) and physical (cation exchange capacity, electrical conductivity and field capacity) properties of the soil, thus suggesting an effect of AMF on improving the soil quality. The non-metric multidimensional scaling (NMDS) ordination of the AMF community composition showed that the diversity of AMF in the various sites was influenced not only by the soil quality, but also by the slope. Therefore, the slope-induced physical disturbance of alpine screes may contribute to the selection of disturbance-tolerant AMF taxa, which in turn may lead to different plant-fungus assemblages.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Erica Lumini
- Istituto per la Protezione Sostenibile delle Piante–CNR, Viale P.A. Mattioli 25, TORINO, Italy
| | - Enrico Ercole
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita e Biologia dei Sistemi, Università di Torino, Viale P.A. Mattioli 25, TORINO, Italy
| | - Francesco Dovana
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita e Biologia dei Sistemi, Università di Torino, Viale P.A. Mattioli 25, TORINO, Italy
| | - Maria Guerrina
- Università di Genova, DISTAV, Corso Europa 26, GENOVA, Italy
| | - Annamaria Arnulfo
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita e Biologia dei Sistemi, Università di Torino, Viale P.A. Mattioli 25, TORINO, Italy
| | - Luigi Minuto
- Università di Genova, DISTAV, Corso Europa 26, GENOVA, Italy
| | - Anna Fusconi
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita e Biologia dei Sistemi, Università di Torino, Viale P.A. Mattioli 25, TORINO, Italy
| | - Marco Mucciarelli
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita e Biologia dei Sistemi, Università di Torino, Viale P.A. Mattioli 25, TORINO, Italy
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Casazza G, Boucher FC, Minuto L, Randin CF, Conti E. Do floral and niche shifts favour the establishment and persistence of newly arisen polyploids? A case study in an Alpine primrose. Ann Bot 2017; 119:81-93. [PMID: 28025287 PMCID: PMC5218380 DOI: 10.1093/aob/mcw221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2016] [Revised: 07/29/2016] [Accepted: 09/10/2016] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Polyploidization plays a key role in plant evolution. Despite the generally accepted 'minority-cytotype exclusion' theory, the specific mechanisms leading to successful establishment and persistence of new polyploids remain controversial. The majority of newly formed polyploids do not become established, because they are less common, have fewer potential mates or may not be able to compete successfully with co-occurring progenitors at lower ploidy levels. Changes in floral traits and ecological niches have been proposed as important mechanisms to overcome this initial frequency-dependent disadvantage. The aim of this study was to determine whether dodecaploids of the heterostylous P. marginata differ from their hexaploid progenitors in P. marginata and P. allionii for selected floral traits and ecological preferences that might be involved in establishment and persistence, providing a possible explanation for the origin of polyploidized populations. METHODS Floral morphological traits and ecological niche preferences among dodecaploids and their hexaploid progenitors in P. marginata and P. allionii ,: all restricted to the south-western Alps, were quantified and compared KEY RESULTS: Differences in floral traits were detected between dodecaploids and their closest relatives, but such differences might be too weak to counter the strength of minority cytotype disadvantage and are unlikely to enable the coexistence of different cytotypes. Furthermore, the results suggest the preservation of full distyly and no transition to selfing in dodecaploids. Finally, dodecaploids occur almost exclusively in environments that are predicted to be suitable also for their closest hexaploid relatives. CONCLUSIONS In light of the results, P. marginata dodecaploids have probably been able to establish and persist by occupying geographical areas not yet filled by their closest relatives without significant evolution in their climatic and pollination niches. Dispersal limitation and minority-cytotype exclusion probably maintain their current range disjunct from those of its close relatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriele Casazza
- DISTAV, University of Genoa, Corso Europa 26, I-16132 Genoa, Italy
| | - Florian C Boucher
- Department of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany and Botanic Garden, University of Zurich, Zollikerstrasse 107, CH-8008 Zurich, Switzerland
- Department of Botany and Zoology, University of Stellenbosch, Private Bag X1, Matieland 7602, South Africa
| | - Luigi Minuto
- DISTAV, University of Genoa, Corso Europa 26, I-16132 Genoa, Italy
| | - Christophe F Randin
- Department of Ecology & Evolution, University of Lausanne, Biophore, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Elena Conti
- Department of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany and Botanic Garden, University of Zurich, Zollikerstrasse 107, CH-8008 Zurich, Switzerland
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Casazza G, Grassi F, Zecca G, Minuto L. Phylogeographic Insights into a Peripheral Refugium: The Importance of Cumulative Effect of Glaciation on the Genetic Structure of Two Endemic Plants. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0166983. [PMID: 27870888 PMCID: PMC5117763 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0166983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2016] [Accepted: 11/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Quaternary glaciations and mostly last glacial maximum have shaped the contemporary distribution of many species in the Alps. However, in the Maritime and Ligurian Alps a more complex picture is suggested by the presence of many Tertiary paleoendemisms and by the divergence time between lineages in one endemic species predating the Late Pleistocene glaciation. The low number of endemic species studied limits the understanding of the processes that took place within this region. We used species distribution models and phylogeographical methods to infer glacial refugia and to reconstruct the phylogeographical pattern of Silene cordifolia All. and Viola argenteria Moraldo & Forneris. The predicted suitable area for last glacial maximum roughly fitted current known distribution. Our results suggest that separation of the major clades predates the last glacial maximum and the following repeated glacial and interglacial periods probably drove differentiations. The complex phylogeographical pattern observed in the study species suggests that both populations and genotypes extinction was minimal during the last glacial maximum, probably due to the low impact of glaciations and to topographic complexity in this area. This study underlines the importance of cumulative effect of previous glacial cycles in shaping the genetic structure of plant species in Maritime and Ligurian Alps, as expected for a Mediterranean mountain region more than for an Alpine region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriele Casazza
- DISTAV, Università degli studi di Genova, Genova, Italy
- * E-mail:
| | - Fabrizio Grassi
- Dipartimento di Biologia, Università degli studi di Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Giovanni Zecca
- Dipartimento di Bioscienze, Università degli studi di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - Luigi Minuto
- DISTAV, Università degli studi di Genova, Genova, Italy
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Guerrina M, Casazza G, Conti E, Macrì C, Minuto L. Reproductive biology of an Alpic paleo-endemic in a changing climate. J Plant Res 2016; 129:477-485. [PMID: 26886434 DOI: 10.1007/s10265-016-0796-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2014] [Accepted: 12/13/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Climate change is known to have a profound influence on plant reproduction, mainly because it affects plant/pollinator interactions, sometimes driving plants to extinction. Starting from the Neogene, the European climate was subjected to severe alterations. Nevertheless, several genera, including Berardia, survived these climatic changes. Despite the numerous studies performed about the relationship between climate change and plant reproductive biology, equivalent studies on ancient species are lacking, even though they may furnish crucial information on the strategies that allowed them to survive drastic climatic fluctuations. We investigated floral and reproductive features in Berardia subacaulis (Asteraceae), describing pollen vectors, capitulum and florets phenology, evaluating reproductive efficiency and defining the reproductive mode of the plant with bagging experiments and test of apomixis. B. subacaulis grows in habitats with low pollination services; it is self-compatible, but many typical features favouring cross-pollination are still present: florets are characterized by incomplete protandry, capitulum protogyny and high pollen-ovule ratio. The plant is not apomictic and self-fertilization is allowed within each capitulum. Similarly to other European Alpine endemics supposed to belong to the Mediterranean ancient tropical flora, the reproductive mode observed in the monospecific genus Berardia assured reproduction also under a pollinator decline. Differently from the other endemics, it took advantage of its spontaneous self-pollination and compatibility and its generalist pollination service, common both among high altitude plants and in the Asteraceae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Guerrina
- DISTAV, Polo Botanico Hanbury, Università degli Studi di Genova, Corso Dogali 1M, 16136, Genoa, Italy
| | - Gabriele Casazza
- DISTAV, Polo Botanico Hanbury, Università degli Studi di Genova, Corso Dogali 1M, 16136, Genoa, Italy
| | - Elena Conti
- Institute of Systematic Botany, Botanic Garden, University of Zurich, Zollikerstrasse 107, 8008, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Carmelo Macrì
- DISTAV, Polo Botanico Hanbury, Università degli Studi di Genova, Corso Dogali 1M, 16136, Genoa, Italy
| | - Luigi Minuto
- DISTAV, Polo Botanico Hanbury, Università degli Studi di Genova, Corso Dogali 1M, 16136, Genoa, Italy.
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Minuto L, Guerrina M, Roccotiello E, Roccatagliata N, Mariotti MG, Casazza G. Pollination ecology in the narrow endemic winter-flowering Primula allionii (Primulaceae). J Plant Res 2013; 127:141-150. [PMID: 23963860 DOI: 10.1007/s10265-013-0588-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2013] [Accepted: 06/23/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Reduction of pollen flow can affect plant abundance and population viability and cause selection on plant mating system and floral traits. Little is known on the effect of this phenomenon in species naturally restricted to small and isolated habitats, that may have developed strategies to cope with long-term isolation and small population size. We investigated the pollination ecology of the endemic distylous winter-flowering P. allionii to verify the possible limitation of female fitness due to reduced pollinator visits. We recorded a higher production of pollen grains in long-styled morph, and a higher seed set in short-styled morph. The high intra-morph variability of sexual organ position may explain the hybridization phenomena allowing and easier intra-morph pollination. The fruit set is constant, although its winter-flowering period might decrease pollen transfer. Nevertheless, the lower competition for pollinators with neighbouring plants and the long-lasting anthesis may offset its reproductive success. Even if our results show no evidence of imminent threats, changes in plant-pollinator interactions might increase inbreeding, resulting in an increased extinction risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luigi Minuto
- DISTAV, Polo Botanico Hanbury, Università degli Studi di Genova, C.so Dogali 1M, 16136, Genoa, Italy,
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Zecca G, Casazza G, Minuto L, Labra M, Grassi F. Allopatric divergence and secondary contacts in Euphorbia spinosa L: Influence of climatic changes on the split of the species. ORG DIVERS EVOL 2011. [DOI: 10.1007/s13127-011-0063-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Bacchetta G, Fenu G, Mattana E, Zecca G, Grassi F, Casazza G, Minuto L. Genetic variability of the narrow endemic Rhamnus persicifolia Moris (Rhamnaceae) and its implications for conservation. BIOCHEM SYST ECOL 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bse.2011.06.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Grassi F, Minuto L, Casazza G, Labra M, Sala F. Haplotype richness in refugial areas: phylogeographical structure of Saxifraga callosa. J Plant Res 2009; 122:377-387. [PMID: 19363647 DOI: 10.1007/s10265-009-0230-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2008] [Accepted: 03/01/2009] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
This paper illustrates the phylogeographical structure of Saxifraga callosa in order to describe its genetic richness in refugial areas and to reconstruct its glacial history. S. callosa is a species spread throughout south-east France and Italy with a high distribution in the Maritime Alps. Four chloroplast microsatellite and AFLP markers were analyzed in populations of S. callosa. The size variants of all tested loci amount to 11 different haplotypes. Intrapopulational haplotype variation was found in two of the populations analyzed: on the Mt. Toraggio in the Maritime Alps, and in the Apuan Alps. On the other hand, no intrapopulational variation was found in 25 populations, most of which were sampled from isolated areas. Analysis of the haplotype distribution showed that population subdivision across all populations was high (G (ST) = 0.899). Moreover, its genetic structure was studied using AMOVA and STRUCTURE analysis. The study legitimated inferred conclusions about the phylogeographical structure of the species and identified centers of diversity. Considerations concerning genetic structure and divergence among three major clades (Maritime Alps, Apuan Alps and Apennines), the patchy distribution of haplotypes, and the high number of private haplotypes support the proposal that S. callosa survived in some refugia within the Italian Peninsula refugium, and that mainly northern populations of refugia were involved in postglacial recolonization.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Grassi
- Botanical Garden, Department of Biology, University of Milan, 20133 Milan, Italy.
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Casazza G, Zappa E, Mariotti MG, Médail F, Minuto L. Ecological and historical factors affecting distribution pattern and richness of endemic plant species: the case of the Maritime and Ligurian Alps hotspot. DIVERS DISTRIB 2007. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1472-4642.2007.00412.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
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Fior S, Karis PO, Casazza G, Minuto L, Sala F. Molecular phylogeny of the Caryophyllaceae (Caryophyllales) inferred from chloroplast matK and nuclear rDNA ITS sequences. Am J Bot 2006; 93:399-411. [PMID: 21646200 DOI: 10.3732/ajb.93.3.399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Caryophyllaceae is a principally holarctic family including around 2200 species often classified into the three subfamilies Alsinoideae, Caryophylloideae, and Paronychioideae. Complex and possibly homoplasious morphological characters within the family make taxa difficult to delimit and diagnose. To explore part of the morphological evolution within the family, we investigated the phylogeny of the Caryophyllaceae by means of analyzing plastid and nuclear sequence data with parsimony and Bayesian methods. We describe a mode of tracing a stable phylogenetic signal in ITS sequences, and a significant common signal is shared with the plastid data. Parsimony and Bayesian analyses yield some differences in tree resolution. None of the subfamilies appear monophyletic, but the monophyly of the Caryophylloideae is not contradicted. Alsinoideae are paraphyletic, with Arenaria subg. Eremogone and Minuartia subg. Spergella more closely related to the Caryophylloideae. There is strong support for the inclusion of Spergula-Spergularia in an Alsinoideae-Caryophylloideae clade. Putative synapomorphies for these groupings are twice as many stamens as number of sepals and a caryophyllad-type of embryogeny. Paronychioideae form a basal grade, where tribe Corrigioleae are sister to the rest of the family. Free styles and capsules with simple teeth are possibly plesiomorphic for the family.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone Fior
- Department of Biology, University of Milan, 20133 Milan, Italy
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Abstract
Saxifraga callosa Sm. is an evergreen perennial species distributed from Eastern Spain, through the Western Alps and the Apennines, to southern Italy. The existence of high morphological variation within different subspecies indicates that phenotypic characters are useful but not sufficient taxonomic tools. Indeed, available morphological data already suggested that S. callosa subentity lantoscana may be an outcross between S. callosa and S. cochlearis. In this work, by analyzing ITS (Internal Transcribed Sequences), AFLP (Amplified Fragment Length Polymorphisms), and cpDNA (chloroplast DNA) markers, a comprehensive study of the genomic relationships among S. callosa and related species has been carried out. The sequence of the ITS region of S. callosa subentity lantoscana gave no conclusive results on the taxonomy status of S. callosa subentity lantoscana. On the other hand, the use of the "NewHybrids" software to analyze an AFLP data-set (208 polymorphic amplified fragments) supported a significant posterior probability that S. callosa subentity lantoscana individuals are natural hybrids between S. callosa and S. cochlearis. The level of introgression of genes from alien genomes was confirmed by a simpler and quick methodology that analyze length variation in cpDNA sequences.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Grassi
- Botanical Garden, Department of Biology, University of Milan, Via Celoria 26, 20133 Milan, Italy.
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Liu KL, Loberti PG, Minuto L. AIDS morbidity and mortality in Rhode Island. Med Health R I 1998; 81:217-8. [PMID: 9654902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- K L Liu
- Office of AIDS/STD/TB, Rhode Island Department of Health, USA
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Abstract
An alcohol abuse prevention program used community organization to install an experimental tavern in a university residence hall. Upperclass students enrolled in a course on alcohol education managed the tavern as a vehicle to increase resident participation in alcohol abuse prevention activities. Baseline and follow-up surveys assessed consumption levels, problem frequencies and attitudes about alcohol use. Attendance was high at project events. Students increased their use of nonalcoholic beverages, altered their perceptions of heavy drinking and drinking and driving, and saw the program as improving residence hall parties. Beer, wine and liquor consumption did not change as a result of the program. Similarly, self-reports of problems including hangover, drinking and driving, noise and litter were not influenced. Program goals that attempt to formally modify per capita alcohol consumption were discussed.
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