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Gu S, Qi T, Rohr JR, Liu X. Meta-analysis reveals less sensitivity of non-native animals than natives to extreme weather worldwide. Nat Ecol Evol 2023; 7:2004-2027. [PMID: 37932385 DOI: 10.1038/s41559-023-02235-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2023] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 11/08/2023]
Abstract
Extreme weather events (EWEs; for example, heatwaves, cold spells, storms, floods and droughts) and non-native species invasions are two major threats to global biodiversity and are increasing in both frequency and consequences. Here we synthesize 443 studies and apply multilevel mixed-effects metaregression analyses to compare the responses of 187 non-native and 1,852 native animal species across terrestrial, freshwater and marine ecosystems to different types of EWE. Our results show that marine animals, regardless of whether they are non-native or native, are overall insensitive to EWEs, except for negative effects of heatwaves on native mollusks, corals and anemone. By contrast, terrestrial and freshwater non-native animals are only adversely affected by heatwaves and storms, respectively, whereas native animals negatively respond to heatwaves, cold spells and droughts in terrestrial ecosystems and are vulnerable to most EWEs except cold spells in freshwater ecosystems. On average, non-native animals displayed low abundance in terrestrial ecosystems, and decreased body condition and life history traits in freshwater ecosystems, whereas native animals displayed declines in body condition, life history traits, abundance, distribution and recovery in terrestrial ecosystems, and community structure in freshwater ecosystems. By identifying areas with high overlap between EWEs and EWE-tolerant non-native species, we also provide locations where native biodiversity might be adversely affected by their joint effects and where EWEs might facilitate the establishment and/or spread of non-native species under continuing global change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shimin Gu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Ecology and Conservation Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Tianyi Qi
- Key Laboratory of Animal Ecology and Conservation Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jason R Rohr
- Department of Biological Sciences, Environmental Change Initiative, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, USA
| | - Xuan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Ecology and Conservation Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
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2
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Bošković D, Vuković S, Lazić S, Baser N, Čulum D, Tekić D, Žunić A, Šušnjar A, Šunjka D. Insecticidal Activity of Selected Essential Oils against Drosophila suzukii (Diptera: Drosophilidae). PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:3727. [PMID: 37960084 PMCID: PMC10647715 DOI: 10.3390/plants12213727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Revised: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023]
Abstract
The spotted wing drosophila (SWD), Drosophila suzukii Matsumura (Diptera: Drosophilidae), is an invasive polyphagous pest of soft-skinned fruit that has started to threaten small fruit production in Europe since 2008. High reproductive capacity, short generation time, and difficulties in visualizing early damage contribute to its rapid spread. Currently, the control strategy against D. suzukii mostly relies on treatment with synthetic insecticides. Keeping in mind that this pest causes the greatest damage during the harvesting period, control using chemicals is not recommended due to the increased risk of high pesticide residue levels in the fruit. With the aim of reducing the use of insecticides, there is a need for developing an environmentally safer way of control. Alternative solutions could rely on the use of essential oils (EOs), which can be used in conventional and organic production systems. Four essential oils, geranium (Pelargonium graveolens), dill (Anethum graveolens), Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris), and bergamot (Citrus bergamia), were assessed for their insecticidal effects using four different tests (contact toxicity, fumigant-contact toxicity, repellent effect, and multiple-choice tests). The EOs applied were dissolved in acetone at three different concentrations. The most promising one was the geranium essential oil, which had the best effect in all conducted tests, even at the lowest applied concentration. Geranium oil caused very high mortality (95%), even at the lowest concentration applied, after 24 h in the fumigant-contact test, and it caused a mortality of over 85% in the contact test. It was also noticed that geranium demonstrated a deterrent effect by repelling females from laying eggs for four days after at the lowest applied concentration. Scots pine and dill EOs have moderate to strong effects in most tests. The mortality of 100% was achieved for the highest applied concentration in the fumigant-contact and contact tests. Bergamot EO did not have any significant insecticidal activity. Geranium, Scots pine, and dill have great potential to be used as an environmentally friendly way of controlling D. suzukii as they exhibit deterrent, repellent, and insecticidal effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dragana Bošković
- Faculty of Agriculture, University of Novi Sad, Trg Dositeja Obradovića 8, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia; (S.V.); (S.L.); (D.T.); (A.Ž.); (A.Š.)
| | - Slavica Vuković
- Faculty of Agriculture, University of Novi Sad, Trg Dositeja Obradovića 8, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia; (S.V.); (S.L.); (D.T.); (A.Ž.); (A.Š.)
| | - Sanja Lazić
- Faculty of Agriculture, University of Novi Sad, Trg Dositeja Obradovića 8, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia; (S.V.); (S.L.); (D.T.); (A.Ž.); (A.Š.)
| | - Nuray Baser
- CIHEAM-IAMB—International Centre for Advanced Mediterranean Agronomic Studies, 70010 Bari, Italy;
| | - Dušan Čulum
- Faculty of Science, University of Sarajevo, Zmaja od Bosne 33-35, 71000 Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina;
| | - Dragana Tekić
- Faculty of Agriculture, University of Novi Sad, Trg Dositeja Obradovića 8, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia; (S.V.); (S.L.); (D.T.); (A.Ž.); (A.Š.)
| | - Antonije Žunić
- Faculty of Agriculture, University of Novi Sad, Trg Dositeja Obradovića 8, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia; (S.V.); (S.L.); (D.T.); (A.Ž.); (A.Š.)
| | - Aleksandra Šušnjar
- Faculty of Agriculture, University of Novi Sad, Trg Dositeja Obradovića 8, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia; (S.V.); (S.L.); (D.T.); (A.Ž.); (A.Š.)
| | - Dragana Šunjka
- Faculty of Agriculture, University of Novi Sad, Trg Dositeja Obradovića 8, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia; (S.V.); (S.L.); (D.T.); (A.Ž.); (A.Š.)
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Shawer R, El-Leithy ES, Abdel-Rashid RS, Eltaweil AS, Baeshen RS, Mori N. Preparation of Lambda-Cyhalothrin-Loaded Chitosan Nanoparticles and Their Bioactivity against Drosophila suzukii. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 12:3110. [PMID: 36144898 PMCID: PMC9503733 DOI: 10.3390/nano12183110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Revised: 08/31/2022] [Accepted: 09/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The encapsulation of pesticides within nanoparticles is a promising approach of advanced technology in sustainable agriculture. Lambda-cyhalothrin (LC) was encapsulated by the ionotropic gelation technique into chitosan (CS)/tripolyphosphate (TPP) and CS/alginate (ALG) matrixes. CS-LC nanoparticles were characterized, and their efficacy was then evaluated against the key pest of soft fruits in Europe and the United States, Drosophila suzukii. The encapsulation efficiency (74%), nanoparticle yield (80%), polydispersity index (0.341), zeta potential (-23.1 mV) and particle size (278 nm) were determined at the optimum conditions. FTIR confirmed the cross-linkage between CS and TPP/ALG in the nanoparticles. The optimum formula recommended by the fractional factorial design was associated with the formulation variables of CS of high or low molecular weight, cross-linking agent (TPP), LC concentration (1.5% w/v) and stirring rate (1500 rpm), showing the highest desirability value (0.5511). CS-LC nanoparticles of the lowest particle size (278 nm) exhibited the highest percent mortality of D. suzukii males (86%) and females (84%), exceeding that caused by the commercial product (Karate-zeon® 10% CS) at 2 HAT. This is the first work to use the ionic gelation technique to make LC nanoparticles, to the best of our knowledge. The encapsulation of chemical pesticides within biodegradable polymeric nanoparticles could be helpful for establishing a sustainable IPM strategy with benefits for human and environmental health and the lifetime of pesticides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rady Shawer
- Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture (Saba Basha), Alexandria University, Alexandria 21531, Egypt
| | - Eman S. El-Leithy
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, October University for Modern Sciences and Arts (MSA), Cairo 12451, Egypt
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Helwan University, Cairo 11795, Egypt
| | - Rania S. Abdel-Rashid
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Helwan University, Cairo 11795, Egypt
| | - Abdelazeem S. Eltaweil
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21526, Egypt
| | - Rowida S. Baeshen
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Tabuk University, Tabuk 71421, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nicola Mori
- Department of Biotechnology, Verona University, 37134 Verona, Italy
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4
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Tait G, Mermer S, Chave RDB, Rossi-Stacconi MV, Kaiser C, Walton VM. A Horticultural Cuticle Supplement Can Impact Quality Characters and Drosophila suzukii Damage of Several Small and Stone Fruit. ENVIRONMENTAL ENTOMOLOGY 2022; 51:772-779. [PMID: 35834241 DOI: 10.1093/ee/nvac050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Surface wax and other cellular building blocks play an important role in preserving fruit integrity from biotic and abiotic adversities. Huge energy expenses are made by plants to place these protective compounds onto the epidermal cuticle. Sprayable plant and fruit coatings have been developed to protect plant tissues from environmental stresses, pathogens, and arthropods. The aim of this study was to determine if an experimental cuticle supplement containing waxes can affect fruit quality parameters such as firmness and size of various crops. Cherry, blueberry, and winegrape plants treated with the cuticle supplement showed significant increases in berry firmness ranging from 4.6 to 11.6%. No quality benefits were however observed on blackberry. Cuticle supplement applications did not significantly affect berry size. Laboratory trials resulted in a 54% mean reduction in a model pest insect i.e., Drosophila suzukii egg laying on blueberry. Short-duration field trials over 72 ± 2 to 96 ± 2 h on commercial-standard blueberry bushes resulted in 50-93.4% reductions of D. suzukii damage. Longer-term field trials on cherry and blueberry challenged with egg-laying D. suzukii showed reductions of damage ranging from 45 to 95%, up to 30 d after initial cuticle supplement applications. These results indicate that the cuticle supplement significantly alters berry firmness and reduces D. suzukii damage under commercial production conditions. One factor that may contribute to this reduction includes improved fruit quality parameters. The current work serves to expand integrated pest management options to control D. suzukii populations in commercial field settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriella Tait
- Department of Horticulture, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA
| | - Serhan Mermer
- Department of Horticulture, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA
| | - Ryan D B Chave
- Department of Horticulture, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA
| | | | | | - Vaughn M Walton
- Department of Horticulture, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA
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5
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Mass Trapping Drosophila suzukii, What Would It Take? A Two-Year Field Study on Trap Interference. INSECTS 2022; 13:insects13030240. [PMID: 35323538 PMCID: PMC8953694 DOI: 10.3390/insects13030240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Revised: 02/21/2022] [Accepted: 02/24/2022] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Simple Summary Drosophila suzukii is an invasive fruit fly that have became a key pest of soft-skinned fruits during the past decade. Today, the control of this pest relies strongly on broad-spectrum insecticides. Deploying attractive traps to control the pest population (mass trapping) could be part of the management strategy of D. suzukii. The present study analyses whether mass trapping with different attractants could be viable for D. suzukii control and how far traps should be maximally spaced in a grid. Traps in a grid compete for the same insects when they are spaced close enough and their radii of attraction overlap. Since the traps on the corners of a grid have fewer competing traps around than fully surrounded centre traps, the ratio of the catches in the corner traps and the centre traps indicates whether the traps are spaced close enough. By quantifying that trap interference in 4 × 4 trapping grids, it was found in this two-year field study that workable trap densities can be expected to control D. suzukii. From June onwards, synthetic lures in dry traps show equal or better results than the same traps with a reference liquid bait (apple cider vinegar). Abstract The invasion of Drosophila suzukii (Matsumura) (Diptera: Drosophilidae) worldwide has disrupted existing or developing integrated pest management (IPM) programs in soft-skinned fruits. Currently, with a reliance on only broad-spectrum insecticides, there is a critical call for alternative control measures. Behavioural control is one of the pillars of IPM, and, in the present study, it is investigated whether mass trapping could be viable for D. suzukii management. By quantifying trap interference in 4 × 4 replicate trapping grids, an estimate of the attraction radius for a certain attractant and context can be obtained. Traps designed for dry trapping (no drowning solution, but a killing agent inside) and synthetic controlled released experimental lures were tested in a two-year field study. Apple cider vinegar (ACV) was included as a reference bait and trials were performed with 5, 10 and 15 m inter-trap spacings at different seasonal timings. Clear trap interference and, hence, overlapping attraction radii were observed both in spring and summer for both the synthetic lures and ACV. In early spring, ACV shows the most potential for mass trapping, however from June onwards, the experimental dry lures show equal or better results than ACV. Based on our findings, workable trap densities are deemed possible, encouraging further development of mass trapping strategies for the control of D. suzukii.
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Kamiyama MT, Matsuura K, Yoshimura T, Yang CCS. Improving invasive species management using predictive phenology models: an example from brown marmorated stink bug (Halyomorpha halys) in Japan. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2021; 77:5489-5497. [PMID: 34363432 DOI: 10.1002/ps.6589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2021] [Revised: 08/01/2021] [Accepted: 08/07/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In order to better understand the population dynamics of invasive species in their native range, we developed two predictive phenological models using the ubiquitous invasive insect pest, Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae), as the model organism. Our work establishes a zero-inflated negative binomial regression (ZINB) model, and a general additive mixed model (GAMM) based on 11 years of black light trap monitoring of H. halys at three locations in Japan. RESULTS The ZINB model indicated that degree days (DD) have a significant effect on the trap catch of adult H. halys, and that precipitation has no effect. A dataset generated by 1000 simulations from the ZINB suggested that higher predicted trap catches equated to a lower probability of encountering a zero-count. The GAMM produced a cubic regression smooth curve which forecasts the seasonal phenology of H. halys as following a bell-shaped trend in Japan. Critical DD points during the field season in Japan included 261 DD for first H. halys adult detection and 1091 DD for peak activity. CONCLUSIONS This study establishes the first models capable of forecasting native H. halys population dynamics based on DD. These robust models practically improve population forecasting of H. halys in the future and help fill gaps in knowledge pertaining to its native phenology, thus ultimately contributing to the progression of efficient management of this globally invasive species. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew T Kamiyama
- Laboratory of Insect Ecology, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
- Research Institute of Sustainable Humanosphere, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Kenji Matsuura
- Laboratory of Insect Ecology, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Yoshimura
- Research Institute of Sustainable Humanosphere, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Chin-Cheng Scotty Yang
- Department of Entomology, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA, USA
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Tait G, Mermer S, Stockton D, Lee J, Avosani S, Abrieux A, Anfora G, Beers E, Biondi A, Burrack H, Cha D, Chiu JC, Choi MY, Cloonan K, Crava CM, Daane KM, Dalton DT, Diepenbrock L, Fanning P, Ganjisaffar F, Gómez MI, Gut L, Grassi A, Hamby K, Hoelmer KA, Ioriatti C, Isaacs R, Klick J, Kraft L, Loeb G, Rossi-Stacconi MV, Nieri R, Pfab F, Puppato S, Rendon D, Renkema J, Rodriguez-Saona C, Rogers M, Sassù F, Schöneberg T, Scott MJ, Seagraves M, Sial A, Van Timmeren S, Wallingford A, Wang X, Yeh DA, Zalom FG, Walton VM. Drosophila suzukii (Diptera: Drosophilidae): A Decade of Research Towards a Sustainable Integrated Pest Management Program. JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY 2021; 114:1950-1974. [PMID: 34516634 DOI: 10.1093/jee/toab158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Drosophila suzukii (Matsumura) (Diptera: Drosophilidae) also known as spotted-wing drosophila (SWD), is a pest native to Southeast Asia. In the last few decades, the pest has expanded its range to affect all major European and American fruit production regions. SWD is a highly adaptive insect that is able to disperse, survive, and flourish under a range of environmental conditions. Infestation by SWD generates both direct and indirect economic impacts through yield losses, shorter shelf life of infested fruit, and increased production costs. Fresh markets, frozen berries, and fruit export programs have been impacted by the pest due to zero tolerance for fruit infestation. As SWD control programs rely heavily on insecticides, exceedance of maximum residue levels (MRLs) has also resulted in crop rejections. The economic impact of SWD has been particularly severe for organic operations, mainly due to the limited availability of effective insecticides. Integrated pest management (IPM) of SWD could significantly reduce chemical inputs but would require substantial changes to horticultural management practices. This review evaluates the most promising methods studied as part of an IPM strategy against SWD across the world. For each of the considered techniques, the effectiveness, impact, sustainability, and stage of development are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriella Tait
- Department of Horticulture, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA
| | - Serhan Mermer
- Department of Horticulture, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA
| | - Dara Stockton
- USDA-ARS Daniel K. Inouye U.S. Pacific Basin Agricultural Research Center, Hilo, HI, USA
| | - Jana Lee
- USDA-ARS Horticultural Crops Research Unit, Corvallis, OR, USA
| | - Sabina Avosani
- Department of Civil, Environmental and Mechanical Engineering, University of Trento, Trento, Italy
- Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, San Michele all'Adige, Italy
| | - Antoine Abrieux
- Department of Entomology and Nematology, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Gianfranco Anfora
- Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, San Michele all'Adige, Italy
- Center Agriculture Food Environment, University of Trento, San Michele all'Adige, Trentino, Italy
| | - Elizabeth Beers
- Tree Fruit Research & Extension Center, Washington State University, Wenatchee, WA, USA
| | - Antonio Biondi
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Hannah Burrack
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - Dong Cha
- USDA-ARS Daniel K. Inouye U.S. Pacific Basin Agricultural Research Center, Hilo, HI, USA
| | - Joanna C Chiu
- Department of Entomology and Nematology, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Man-Yeon Choi
- USDA-ARS Horticultural Crops Research Unit, Corvallis, OR, USA
| | | | - Cristina M Crava
- Institute of Biotechnology and Biomedicine (BIOTECMED), University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Kent M Daane
- Kearney Agricultural Research and Education Center, Parlier, CA, USA
- Department of Environmental Science, Policy & Management, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Daniel T Dalton
- Faculty of Engineering & IT, Carinthia University of Applied Sciences, 9524, Villach, Austria
| | - Lauren Diepenbrock
- Citrus Research and Education Center, Entomology and Nematology Department, University of Florida, Lake Alfred, FL, USA
| | - Phillip Fanning
- USDA Economic Research Service, Market Trade and Economics Division, Kansas City, MO, USA
| | - Fatemeh Ganjisaffar
- Department of Entomology and Nematology, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Miguel I Gómez
- Dyson School of Applied Economics and Management, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Larry Gut
- Department of Entomology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Alberto Grassi
- Technology Transfer Center, Fondazione Edmund Mach, San Michele all'Adige, Italy
| | - Kelly Hamby
- Department of Entomology, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
| | - Kim A Hoelmer
- USDA-ARS Beneficial Insects Introduction Research Unit, Newark, DE, USA
| | - Claudio Ioriatti
- Technology Transfer Center, Fondazione Edmund Mach, San Michele all'Adige, Italy
| | - Rufus Isaacs
- Department of Entomology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | | | - Laura Kraft
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - Gregory Loeb
- Department of Entomology, Cornell AgriTech, Geneva, NY, USA
| | | | - Rachele Nieri
- Department of Civil, Environmental and Mechanical Engineering, University of Trento, Trento, Italy
- Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, San Michele all'Adige, Italy
| | - Ferdinand Pfab
- Department of Ecology, Evolution and Marine Biology, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA, USA
| | - Simone Puppato
- Technology Transfer Center, Fondazione Edmund Mach, San Michele all'Adige, Italy
| | - Dalila Rendon
- Department of Horticulture, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA
| | - Justin Renkema
- London Research and Development Centre - Vineland Campus, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Vineland, ON, Canada
| | | | - Mary Rogers
- Department of Horticultural Science, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, MN, USA
| | - Fabiana Sassù
- Department of Forest and Soil Sciences, BOKU, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria
- Insect Pest Control Section, Joint FAO/IAEA Division of Nuclear Techniques in Food and Agriculture, Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Maxwell J Scott
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | | | - Ashfaq Sial
- Department of Entomology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | | | - Anna Wallingford
- Department of Agriculture Nutrition and Food Systems, University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH, USA
| | - Xingeng Wang
- USDA-ARS Beneficial Insects Introduction Research Unit, Newark, DE, USA
| | - D Adeline Yeh
- USDA Economic Research Service, Market Trade and Economics Division, Kansas City, MO, USA
| | - Frank G Zalom
- Department of Entomology and Nematology, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Vaughn M Walton
- Department of Horticulture, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA
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Ørsted M, Lye J, Umina PA, Maino JL. Global analysis of the seasonal abundance of the invasive pest Drosophila suzukii reveal temperature extremes determine population activity potential. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2021; 77:4555-4563. [PMID: 34085385 DOI: 10.1002/ps.6494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2021] [Accepted: 06/04/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The global pest spotted winged drosophila (Drosophila suzukii) continues to have a significant economic impact on fruit production in areas where it is established, in addition to newly invaded ranges. Management activities spanning national biosecurity responses to farm-scale pest control are limited by the inability to predict the timing and severity of seasonal outbreaks of D. suzukii and its climatic drivers. RESULTS Here, we compiled and analysed data on international seasonal abundances for D. suzukii under different climates, crop types and management contexts to improve the predictability of seasonal population dynamics. In relating seasonal abundances to environmental predictors, specifically temperature, we found strong negative effects of exposure to high and low temperatures during the preceding month. Unlike most regional studies on D. suzukii phenology that focus on temperature in the physiological development range, we show that thermal extremes better explain seasonal population fluctuations. CONCLUSION Although trap catches remain an indirect measure of infestations and must be interpreted carefully in terms of crop risk, our results should support monitoring programmes through enhanced knowledge of the climatic factors affecting D. suzukii population activity. The negative impact of high temperatures suggests that late-season management strategies focusing on manipulating crop microclimates to temperatures above 25 °C can reduce D. suzukii abundance. We show that early season abundance is modulated by climate, particularly the depth of cold extremes experienced in the preceding time interval. These associations may be further developed into early-season crop risk forecasts to support monitoring programs. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Ørsted
- Zoophysiology, Department of Biology, Aarhus University, Aarhus C, Denmark
| | | | - Paul A Umina
- Cesar Australia, Parkville, Australia
- School of BioSciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
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9
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Insecticidal and oviposition deterrent effects of essential oils of Baccharis spp. and histological assessment against Drosophila suzukii (Diptera: Drosophilidae). Sci Rep 2021; 11:3944. [PMID: 33597617 PMCID: PMC7889903 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-83557-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2020] [Accepted: 02/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
The diverse flora of the Atlantic Forest is fertile ground for discovering new chemical structures with insecticidal activity. The presence of species belonging to the genus Baccharis is of particular interest, as these species have shown promise in pest management applications. The objective of this study is to chemically identify the constituents expressed in the leaves of seven species of Baccharis (B. anomala DC., B. calvescens DC., B. mesoneura DC., B. milleflora DC., B. oblongifolia Pers., B. trimera (Less) DC. and B. uncinella DC.) and to evaluate the toxicological and morphological effects caused by essential oils (EOs) on the larvae and adults of Drosophila suzukii (Diptera: Drosophilidae). Chemical analysis using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) indicated that limonene was the main common constituent in all Baccharis species. This constituent in isolation, as well as the EOs of B. calvescens, B. mesoneura, and B. oblongifolia, caused mortality in over 80% of adults of D. suzukii at a discriminatory concentration of 80 mg L-1 in bioassays of ingestion and topical application. These results are similar to the effect of spinosyn-based synthetic insecticides (spinetoram 75 mg L-1) 120 h after exposure. Limonene and EOs from all species had the lowest LC50 and LC90 values relative to spinosyn and azadirachtin (12 g L-1) in both bioassays. However, they showed the same time toxicity over time as spinetoram when applied to adults of D. suzukii (LT50 ranging from 4.6 to 8.7 h) in a topical application bioassay. In olfactometry tests, 92% of D. suzukii females showed repellent behavior when exposed to the EOs and limonene. Likewise, the EOs of B. calvescens, B. mesoneura, and B. oblongifolia significantly reduced the number of eggs in artificial fruits (≅ 7.6 eggs fruit-1), differing from the control treatment with water (17.2 eggs fruit-1) and acetone (17.6 eggs fruit-1). According to histological analyses, the L3 larvae of D. suzukii had morphological and physiological alterations and deformations after exposure to treatments containing EOs and limonene, which resulted in high larval, pupal, and adult mortality. In view of the results, Baccharis EOs and their isolated constituent, limonene, proved to be promising alternatives for developing bioinsecticides to manage of D. suzukii.
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Eben A, Sporer F, Vogt H, Wetterauer P, Wink M. Search for Alternative Control Strategies of Drosophila suzukii (Diptera: Drosophilidae): Laboratory Assays Using Volatile Natural Plant Compounds. INSECTS 2020; 11:insects11110811. [PMID: 33217940 PMCID: PMC7698706 DOI: 10.3390/insects11110811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2020] [Revised: 11/06/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Simple Summary Adult flies of the invasive fruit pest, Drosophila suzukii, commonly known as spotted wing drosophila, showed susceptibility towards several natural plant products tested in bioassays under laboratory conditions. Depending on the compound tested, contact toxicity, modified food uptake, or reduction in numbers of eggs deposited and hatched was found. The natural plant substances thereby identified will be further assessed under field conditions and can be used to develop innovative pest control strategies. Abstract Drosophila suzukii (Diptera: Drosophilidae), is native to southeastern Asia and invaded Europe during the past decade. It causes serious economic damage in cherries and soft fruits. Control strategies rely on few insecticides with varying success. Due to environmental concern, the use of synthetic chemicals is restricted. Therefore, research effort is put into the quest for alternative substances applicable in chemical pest control. In laboratory assays, we tested 17 volatile plant compounds from different chemical classes for their contact toxicity, feeding modification, and oviposition repellency. Toxicity through contact with treated surfaces was evaluated after 1 h, 4 h, and 24 h; effects on food uptake were observed with capillary feeding (CAFE)—tests and oviposition trials compared egg numbers laid in raspberry medium with or without treated filter paper. Cinnamon oil and its components had the highest contact toxicity with an LC90 = 2–3%, whereas lemongrass oil, its main components, and farnesol were less toxic (LC90 = 7–9%), and geraniol was the least toxic. In CAFE tests, feeding stimulation was observed through 0.1% and 1% solutions of citronellol, lemongrass oil and farnesol. Cinnamon oil, cinnamaldhyde, and ethyl cinnamate were not consumed at a concentration of 1%. In the presence of citral, eugenol, and lemongrass oil, oviposition was reduced, and in the presence of limonene, no eggs were deposited. The natural products found most efficient in either bioassay will be further tested under field conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Astrid Eben
- Julius Kühn-Institute (JKI), Federal Research Centre for Cultivated Plants, Institute for Plant Protection in Fruit Crops and Viticulture, Schwabenheimer Straße 101, 69221 Dossenheim, Germany;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-(0)6221-86-805-28
| | - Frank Sporer
- Institute for Pharmacy and Molecular Biotechnology (IPMB), Im Neuenheimer Feld 364, Heidelberg University, 69210 Heidelberg, Germany; (F.S.); (P.W.); (M.W.)
| | - Heidrun Vogt
- Julius Kühn-Institute (JKI), Federal Research Centre for Cultivated Plants, Institute for Plant Protection in Fruit Crops and Viticulture, Schwabenheimer Straße 101, 69221 Dossenheim, Germany;
| | - Pille Wetterauer
- Institute for Pharmacy and Molecular Biotechnology (IPMB), Im Neuenheimer Feld 364, Heidelberg University, 69210 Heidelberg, Germany; (F.S.); (P.W.); (M.W.)
| | - Michael Wink
- Institute for Pharmacy and Molecular Biotechnology (IPMB), Im Neuenheimer Feld 364, Heidelberg University, 69210 Heidelberg, Germany; (F.S.); (P.W.); (M.W.)
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Panel ADC, Pen I, Pannebakker BA, Helsen HHM, Wertheim B. Seasonal morphotypes of Drosophila suzukii differ in key life-history traits during and after a prolonged period of cold exposure. Ecol Evol 2020; 10:9085-9099. [PMID: 32953048 PMCID: PMC7487234 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.6517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2020] [Revised: 06/02/2020] [Accepted: 06/05/2020] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Seasonal polyphenism in Drosophila suzukii manifests itself in two discrete adult morphotypes, the "winter morph" (WM) and the "summer morph" (SM). These morphotypes are known to differ in thermal stress tolerance, and they co-occur during parts of the year. In this study, we aimed to estimate morph-specific survival and fecundity in laboratory settings simulating field conditions. We specifically analyzed how WM and SM D. suzukii differed in mortality and reproduction during and after a period of cold exposure resembling winter and spring conditions in temperate climates. The median lifespan of D. suzukii varied around 5 months for the WM flies and around 7 months for the SM flies. WM flies showed higher survival during the cold-exposure period compared with SM flies, and especially SM males suffered high mortality under these conditions. In contrast, SM flies had lower mortality rates than WM flies under spring-like conditions. Intriguingly, reproductive status (virgin or mated) did not impact the fly survival, either during the cold exposure or during spring-like conditions. Even though the reproductive potential of WM flies was greatly reduced compared with SM flies, both WM and SM females that had mated before the cold exposure were able to continuously produce viable offspring for 5 months under spring-like conditions. Finally, the fertility of the overwintered WM males was almost zero, while the surviving SM males did not suffer reduced fertility. Combined with other studies on D. suzukii monitoring and overwintering behavior, these results suggest that overwintered flies of both morphotypes could live long enough to infest the first commercial crops of the season. The high mortality of SM males and the low fertility of WM males after prolonged cold exposure also highlight the necessity for females to store sperm over winter to be able to start reproducing early in the following spring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aurore D. C. Panel
- Groningen Institute for Evolutionary Life SciencesUniversity of GroningenGroningenThe Netherlands
| | - Ido Pen
- Groningen Institute for Evolutionary Life SciencesUniversity of GroningenGroningenThe Netherlands
| | - Bart A. Pannebakker
- Laboratory of GeneticsWageningen University & ResearchWageningenThe Netherlands
| | | | - Bregje Wertheim
- Groningen Institute for Evolutionary Life SciencesUniversity of GroningenGroningenThe Netherlands
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Colombari F, Tonina L, Battisti A, Mori N. Performance of Trichopria drosophilae (Hymenoptera: Diapriidae), a Generalist Parasitoid of Drosophila suzukii (Diptera: Drosophilidae), at Low Temperature. JOURNAL OF INSECT SCIENCE (ONLINE) 2020; 20:5847613. [PMID: 32458990 PMCID: PMC7251528 DOI: 10.1093/jisesa/ieaa039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Survival and parasitism activity of Trichopria drosophilae Perkins adults, a cosmopolitan parasitoid of Drosophila spp., were studied under laboratory conditions using five constant temperatures at the lower range known for this enemy, from 4 to 20°C in 4°C increments. Drosophila suzukii Matsumura, an invasive pest of small fruits, was used as a host. Commercially available adult parasitoids were provided with 1) food and D. suzukii pupae; 2) food and no D. suzukii pupae; 3) no food and no pupae. The results show that adult females of T. drosophilae lived longer than males, and both generally benefitted from food supply. The highest level of survival was observed between 8 and 12°C for fed insects, irrespective of whether they were offered host pupae or not. The absence of food led to the highest mortality, but the parasitoid demonstrated considerably resistance to prolonged starvation. Successful parasitism increased steadily with temperature and reached the highest value at 20°C. Conversely, D. suzukii emergence rate was high after exposure of pupae to parasitoids at 4°C, while pupal mortality increased strongly with temperature until 12°C. The findings indicate that T. drosophilae is well adapted to the relatively cold conditions experienced in early spring and in autumn or at high elevations, when the host pupae could be largely available. The long lifespan of the adults and the ability to parasitize the host at low temperature make T. drosophilae potentially useful for the biocontrol of D. suzukii.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernanda Colombari
- Department of Agronomy, Food, Natural Resources, Animals and Environment, University of Padova, Legnaro (PD), Italy
| | - Lorenzo Tonina
- Department of Agronomy, Food, Natural Resources, Animals and Environment, University of Padova, Legnaro (PD), Italy
| | - Andrea Battisti
- Department of Agronomy, Food, Natural Resources, Animals and Environment, University of Padova, Legnaro (PD), Italy
| | - Nicola Mori
- Department of Agronomy, Food, Natural Resources, Animals and Environment, University of Padova, Legnaro (PD), Italy
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
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Kamiyama MT, Bradford BZ, Groves RL, Guédot C. Degree day models to forecast the seasonal phenology of Drosophila suzukii in tart cherry orchards in the Midwest U.S. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0227726. [PMID: 32330137 PMCID: PMC7182266 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0227726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2019] [Accepted: 04/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Spotted-wing drosophila, Drosophila suzukii (Matsumura) (Diptera: Drosophilidae), is an invasive economic pest of soft-skinned and stone fruit across the globe. Our study establishes both a predictive generalized linear mixed model (GLMM), and a generalized additive mixed model (GAMM) of the dynamic seasonal phenology of D. suzukii based on four years of adult monitoring trap data in Wisconsin tart cherry orchards collected throughout the growing season. The models incorporate year, field site, relative humidity, and degree days (DD); and relate these factors to trap catch. The GLMM estimated a coefficient of 2.21 for DD/1000, meaning for every increment of 1000 DD, trap catch increases by roughly 9 flies. The GAMM generated a curve based on a cubic regression smoothing function of DD which approximates critical DD points of first adult D. suzukii detection at 1276 DD, above average field populations beginning at 2019 DD, and peak activity at 3180 DD. By incorporating four years of comprehensive seasonal phenology data from the same locations, we introduce robust models capable of using DD to forecast changing adult D. suzukii populations in the field leading to the application of more timely and effective management strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew T. Kamiyama
- Division of Applied Biosciences, Research Institute for Sustainable Humanosphere, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
- Department of Entomology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Benjamin Z. Bradford
- Department of Entomology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Russell L. Groves
- Department of Entomology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Christelle Guédot
- Department of Entomology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Mermer S, Pfab F, Hoheisel GA, Bahlol HY, Khot L, Dalton DT, Brewer LJ, Rossi Stacconi MV, Zhang C, Xue L, Walton VM. Canopy spray deposition and related mortality impacts of commonly used insecticides on Drosophila suzukii Matsumura (Diptera: Drosophilidae) populations in blueberry. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2020; 76:1531-1540. [PMID: 31692223 DOI: 10.1002/ps.5672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2019] [Revised: 10/22/2019] [Accepted: 11/06/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Insecticide applications in blueberry production systems play a crucial role in the control of Drosophila suzukii populations. Here, quantitative spray deposition patterns were obtained under replicated field experiments in blueberry during two field seasons with three sprayers, i.e. cannon, electrostatic, and air-blast. Seven insecticides were tested (at 6 hours using a Potter spray tower) to determine the mortality data for adult D. suzukii. Spray deposition and mortality data for adult D. suzukii were used to create model simulations for insect populations. Model simulations included field deposition rates of sprayers and insecticide mortality as factors. Simulations were applied in different combinations with five applications over a 6-week period. RESULTS Relative deposition rates for the cannon sprayer were elevated in the upper zones of the canopy, whereas for the air-blast sprayer, deposition was greater in the bottom zones. Electrostatic spray deposition was relatively uniform within the six canopy zones. Clear trends in D. suzukii laboratory mortality were found with lowest to highest mortality recorded for phosmet, spinetoram, spinosad, malathion, cyantraniliprole, zeta-cypermethrin, and methomyl respectively. Maximum D. suzukii population impacts, as shown by model outputs, were observed with air-blast sprayers together with zeta-cypermethrin. CONCLUSION The electrostatic sprayer had the least variable canopy deposition among the three types of spray equipment, and the air-blast sprayer had the highest overall deposition rates. This study provides new hypotheses that can be used for field verification with these spray technologies and insecticides as key factors. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serhan Mermer
- Department of Horticulture, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA
- Department of Environmental and Molecular Toxicology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA
| | - Ferdinand Pfab
- Department of Ecology, Evolution and Marine Biology, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA, USA
| | - Gwen A Hoheisel
- Center for Precision and Automated Agricultural Systems, Department of Biological Systems Engineering, Washington State University, Prosser, WA, USA
- Washington State University, Regional Extension Specialist in Tree Fruit, Grape, and Berry, Prosser WA, USA
| | - Haitham Y Bahlol
- Center for Precision and Automated Agricultural Systems, Department of Biological Systems Engineering, Washington State University, Prosser, WA, USA
| | - Lav Khot
- Center for Precision and Automated Agricultural Systems, Department of Biological Systems Engineering, Washington State University, Prosser, WA, USA
| | - Daniel T Dalton
- Department of Horticulture, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA
| | - Linda J Brewer
- Department of Horticulture, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA
| | | | - Chengzhu Zhang
- Department of Statistics, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA
| | - Lan Xue
- Department of Statistics, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA
| | - Vaughn M Walton
- Department of Horticulture, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA
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Buffington ML, Giorgini M, Lue CH, Formisano G, Cascone P, Forshage M, Driskell A, Guerrieri E. Description of the aberrant Leptopilina lasallei n. sp., with an updated phylogeny of Leptopilina Förster (Hymenoptera: Figitidae: Eucoilinae). J NAT HIST 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2020.1754483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Matthew L. Buffington
- Systematic Entomology Laboratory, ARS/USDA c/o Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Massimo Giorgini
- Institute for Sustainable Plant Protection, National Research Council of Italy, Portici, Italy
| | - Chia-Hua Lue
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Maryland Baltimore County, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Biology Centre Czech Academy of Science, Institute of Entomology, Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic
| | - Giorgio Formisano
- Institute for Sustainable Plant Protection, National Research Council of Italy, Portici, Italy
| | - Pasquale Cascone
- Institute for Sustainable Plant Protection, National Research Council of Italy, Portici, Italy
| | - Mattias Forshage
- Department of Zoology, Swedish Museum of Natural History, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Amy Driskell
- Laboratories of Analytical Biology, Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Emilio Guerrieri
- Institute for Sustainable Plant Protection, National Research Council of Italy, Portici, Italy
- Department of Life Sciences, The Natural History Museum, London, UK
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Clymans R, Van Kerckvoorde V, Beliën T, Bylemans D, De Clercq P. Marking Drosophila suzukii (Diptera: Drosophilidae) with Fluorescent Dusts. INSECTS 2020; 11:E152. [PMID: 32121497 PMCID: PMC7143264 DOI: 10.3390/insects11030152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2020] [Revised: 02/24/2020] [Accepted: 02/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The marking of Drosophila suzukii can be an important instrument for studying the ecology and behaviour of this economically important fruit pest, aiding the development of new Integrated Pest Management (IPM) tools or strategies. There is, however, a need for a cost-effective methodology that provides an easily detectable and stable mark. Whereas fluorescent pigment powders are often used in entomological research, the pigments (series, dyes), application techniques, or doses need to be evaluated for each studied species in terms of their efficacy and possible adverse effects on the performance of the insect. The effectiveness of different application techniques and dyes (RadGlo® TP-series) and their effect on the survival of adult D. suzukii were investigated in the laboratory. Furthermore, the influence of the marking on the behaviour of the flies was examined in laboratory trap assays (olfaction) and a field recapture study (general orientation). The persistence and detectability of the marks was evaluated both on living flies (for different application techniques) and dead flies under trapping/storage conditions. The use of fluorescent powders to mark D. suzukii flies yielded a clearly detectable and highly persistent mark, without any adverse effects on the survival and behaviour of the flies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rik Clymans
- Zoology Department, Research Centre for Fruit Cultivation (pcfruit npo), Fruittuinweg 1, B-3800 Sint-Truiden, Belgium
- Department of Biosystems, KU Leuven, Decroylaan 42, B-3001 Heverlee, Belgium
- Department of Plants and Crops, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Vincent Van Kerckvoorde
- Zoology Department, Research Centre for Fruit Cultivation (pcfruit npo), Fruittuinweg 1, B-3800 Sint-Truiden, Belgium
| | - Tim Beliën
- Zoology Department, Research Centre for Fruit Cultivation (pcfruit npo), Fruittuinweg 1, B-3800 Sint-Truiden, Belgium
| | - Dany Bylemans
- Zoology Department, Research Centre for Fruit Cultivation (pcfruit npo), Fruittuinweg 1, B-3800 Sint-Truiden, Belgium
- Department of Biosystems, KU Leuven, Decroylaan 42, B-3001 Heverlee, Belgium
| | - Patrick De Clercq
- Department of Plants and Crops, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
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Yi C, Cai P, Lin J, Liu X, Ao G, Zhang Q, Xia H, Yang J, Ji Q. Life History and Host Preference of Trichopria drosophilae from Southern China, One of the Effective Pupal Parasitoids on the Drosophila Species. INSECTS 2020; 11:insects11020103. [PMID: 32033080 PMCID: PMC7074467 DOI: 10.3390/insects11020103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2020] [Revised: 01/29/2020] [Accepted: 01/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
This study aims to evaluate several life-history traits of a T. drosophilae population from southern China and its parasitic preference of three Drosophila species. For mated T. drosophilae females, the mean oviposition and parasitization period were 27.20 and 37.80 d, respectively. The daily mean parasitization rate was 59.24% per female and the lifetime number of emerged progeny was 134.30 per female. Trichopria drosophilae females survived 37.90 and 71.61 d under host-provided and host-deprived conditions, respectively. To assess the potential for unmated reproduction in T. drosophilae, the mean oviposition and parasitization period of unmated females was 22.90 and 47.70 d, respectively. They had a daily mean parasitization rate of 64.68%, produced a total of 114.80 offspring over their lifetime, and survived 52 d. Moreover, T. drosophilae showed a preference towards D. suzukii based on the total number of emerged offspring under a choice test. Our findings indicate that T. drosophilae from southern China appears to be suitable for the control of D. suzukii in invaded areas, due to its reproductive potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuandong Yi
- Institute of Beneficial Insects, Plant Protection College, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; (C.Y.); (P.C.); (J.L.); (X.L.); (G.A.); (Q.Z.); (H.X.)
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, Fuzhou 350002, China
- Key Lab of Biopesticide and Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Pumo Cai
- Institute of Beneficial Insects, Plant Protection College, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; (C.Y.); (P.C.); (J.L.); (X.L.); (G.A.); (Q.Z.); (H.X.)
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, Fuzhou 350002, China
- Key Lab of Biopesticide and Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, Fuzhou 350002, China
- Department of Horticulture, College of Tea and Food Science, Wuyi University, Wuyishan 354300, China
| | - Jia Lin
- Institute of Beneficial Insects, Plant Protection College, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; (C.Y.); (P.C.); (J.L.); (X.L.); (G.A.); (Q.Z.); (H.X.)
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, Fuzhou 350002, China
- Key Lab of Biopesticide and Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Xuxiang Liu
- Institute of Beneficial Insects, Plant Protection College, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; (C.Y.); (P.C.); (J.L.); (X.L.); (G.A.); (Q.Z.); (H.X.)
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, Fuzhou 350002, China
- Key Lab of Biopesticide and Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Guofu Ao
- Institute of Beneficial Insects, Plant Protection College, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; (C.Y.); (P.C.); (J.L.); (X.L.); (G.A.); (Q.Z.); (H.X.)
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, Fuzhou 350002, China
- Key Lab of Biopesticide and Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, Fuzhou 350002, China
- College of Agriculture, Anshun University, Anshun 561000, China
| | - Qiwen Zhang
- Institute of Beneficial Insects, Plant Protection College, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; (C.Y.); (P.C.); (J.L.); (X.L.); (G.A.); (Q.Z.); (H.X.)
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, Fuzhou 350002, China
- Key Lab of Biopesticide and Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Huimin Xia
- Institute of Beneficial Insects, Plant Protection College, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; (C.Y.); (P.C.); (J.L.); (X.L.); (G.A.); (Q.Z.); (H.X.)
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, Fuzhou 350002, China
- Key Lab of Biopesticide and Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Jianquan Yang
- Institute of Beneficial Insects, Plant Protection College, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; (C.Y.); (P.C.); (J.L.); (X.L.); (G.A.); (Q.Z.); (H.X.)
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, Fuzhou 350002, China
- Key Lab of Biopesticide and Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, Fuzhou 350002, China
- Department of Horticulture, College of Tea and Food Science, Wuyi University, Wuyishan 354300, China
- Correspondence: (J.Y.); (Q.J.)
| | - Qinge Ji
- Institute of Beneficial Insects, Plant Protection College, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; (C.Y.); (P.C.); (J.L.); (X.L.); (G.A.); (Q.Z.); (H.X.)
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, Fuzhou 350002, China
- Key Lab of Biopesticide and Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, Fuzhou 350002, China
- Department of Horticulture, College of Tea and Food Science, Wuyi University, Wuyishan 354300, China
- Correspondence: (J.Y.); (Q.J.)
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Leach H, Van Timmeren S, Wetzel W, Isaacs R. Predicting Within- and Between-Year Variation in Activity of the Invasive Spotted Wing Drosophila (Diptera: Drosophilidae) in a Temperate Region. ENVIRONMENTAL ENTOMOLOGY 2019; 48:1223-1233. [PMID: 31502634 DOI: 10.1093/ee/nvz101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Invasive insect pests can be challenging to manage because their recent arrival provides limited information on which to build predictive population models. The magnitude and timing of activity by the invasive vinegar fly, Drosophila suzukii, in crop fields has been unpredictable due to its recent arrival in many new regions of the world and changes in methods for its detection. Using 7 yr of consistent trapping of adults at four blueberry farms in Michigan, United States, we modeled the temporal and environmental factors influencing D. suzukii activity. We found that this pest established high levels within 2 yr of being detected, with peak fly activity continuing to increase. Fly activity timing and abundance were predicted by the annual number of days below 0°C, the number of winter and spring days above 10°C, and by the fly activity in the preceding year, providing support for overwintering in our region. We monitored larval infestation for 4 yr at these same sites and found a moderate positive correlation between larvae in fruit and adults in traps. Finally, we developed a generalized additive model to predict D. suzukii fly capture throughout the season based on relevant environmental factors and examined the relative timing and magnitude of activity under varying winter and spring temperature conditions. Our results suggest that D. suzukii activity is predictable and that environmental conditions can be used in temperate regions to provide regional risk warnings as a component of strategies to manage this invasive insect pest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heather Leach
- Department of Entomology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI
- Department of Entomology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA
| | | | - Will Wetzel
- Department of Entomology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI
| | - Rufus Isaacs
- Department of Entomology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI
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19
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Vacas S, Primo J, Manclús JJ, Montoya Á, Navarro-Llopis V. Survey on Drosophila suzukii Natural Short-Term Dispersal Capacities Using the Mark-Release-Recapture Technique. INSECTS 2019; 10:insects10090268. [PMID: 31450567 PMCID: PMC6780891 DOI: 10.3390/insects10090268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2019] [Revised: 08/19/2019] [Accepted: 08/21/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Spotted wing drosophila, Drosophila suzukii Matsumura (Diptera: Drosophilidae), has become a key pest for soft fruits and cherries in Europe in less than a decade since the first outbreak in 2007. Although this pest’s passive dispersal ability has been observed over more than 1400 km in 1 year, active spread has not yet been extensively studied. A mark−release−recapture (MRR) method based on protein-marked flies was employed to determine the flight capacity of D. suzukii. Sterile marked flies were released and recaptured in a trap grid at increasing distances from 10 to 250 m from the releasing point to study flight distance during periods ranging from 3 h to 1 week. MRR experiments were replicated in the presence and absence of host fruits to study how they could affect dispersal behavior. The dispersal capacity of the Mediterranean fruit fly, Ceratitis capitata Wiedemann (Diptera: Tephritidae) was also studied under the same conditions. The results showed a low dispersal ability for D. suzukii, with a daily flight distance below 100 m with no predominant wind. The implications on natural dispersion and control methods based on attractants are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Vacas
- Centro de Ecología Química Agrícola-Instituto Agroforestal del Mediterráneo, Universitat Politècnica de València-Edificio 6C-Camino de Vera s/n, 46022 Valencia, Spain
| | - Jaime Primo
- Centro de Ecología Química Agrícola-Instituto Agroforestal del Mediterráneo, Universitat Politècnica de València-Edificio 6C-Camino de Vera s/n, 46022 Valencia, Spain
| | - Juan J Manclús
- Centro de Investigación e Innovación en Bioingeniería, Universitat Politècnica de València, Edificio 8E-Camino de Vera s/n, 46022 Valencia, Spain
| | - Ángel Montoya
- Centro de Investigación e Innovación en Bioingeniería, Universitat Politècnica de València, Edificio 8E-Camino de Vera s/n, 46022 Valencia, Spain
| | - Vicente Navarro-Llopis
- Centro de Ecología Química Agrícola-Instituto Agroforestal del Mediterráneo, Universitat Politècnica de València-Edificio 6C-Camino de Vera s/n, 46022 Valencia, Spain.
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20
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Shaw B, Fountain M, Wijnen H. Control of Daily Locomotor Activity Patterns in Drosophila suzukii by the Circadian Clock, Light, Temperature and Social Interactions. J Biol Rhythms 2019; 34:463-481. [PMID: 31436123 DOI: 10.1177/0748730419869085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Understanding behavioral rhythms in a pest species can contribute to improving the efficacy of control methods targeting that pest. However, in some species, the behavioral patterns recorded in artificial conditions contrast greatly with observed wild-type behavioral rhythms. In this study, we identify the determinants of daily activity rhythms of the soft and stone fruit pest Drosophila suzukii. The impact of gender, space, social housing, temperature, light, fly morph, and the circadian clock on D. suzukii locomotor rhythms was investigated. Assays were performed under artificial laboratory conditions or more natural semifield conditions to identify how these factors affected daily locomotor behavior. Daily locomotor activity patterns collected under semifield conditions varied very little between the various sex and social condition combinations. However, in lab-based assays, individual and group-housed males often exhibited divergent activity patterns, with more prominent hyperactivity at light/dark transitions. In contrast, hyperactivity responses were suppressed under lab protocols mimicking summer conditions for groups of females and mixed-sex groups. Moreover, when environmental cues were removed, flies held in groups displayed stronger rhythmicity than individual flies. Thus, social interactions can reinforce circadian behavior and resist hyperactivity responses in D. suzukii. Fly morph appeared to have little impact on behavioral pattern, with winter and summer morph flies displaying similar activity profiles under April semifield and laboratory mimic environmental conditions. In conclusion, separate and combined effects of light, temperature, circadian clock function, and social interactions were apparent in the daily activity profiles of D. suzukii. When groups of female or mixed-sex flies were used, implementation of matching photoperiods and realistic daily temperature gradients in the lab was sufficient to re-create behavioral patterns observed in summer semifield settings. The ability to leverage lab assays to predict D. suzukii field behavior promises to be a valuable asset in improving control measures for this pest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bethan Shaw
- NIAB EMR, East Malling, Kent, UK.,School of Biological Sciences and Institute for Life Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | | | - Herman Wijnen
- School of Biological Sciences and Institute for Life Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
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21
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Jaffe BD, Guédot C. Vertical and temporal distribution of spotted-wing drosophila (Drosophila suzukii) and pollinators within cultivated raspberries. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2019; 75:2188-2194. [PMID: 30663241 DOI: 10.1002/ps.5343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2018] [Revised: 01/08/2019] [Accepted: 01/15/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Drosophila suzukii (Diptera: Drosophilidae) is the most prominent arthropod pest of caneberries. Current management practices rely on chemical control, which has raised concerns over the sustainability of this approach. We currently understand little about D. suzukii activity, and whether activity patterns can be exploited to improve management. In this study, we investigated the vertical and temporal distribution of D. suzukii, as well as pollinators, in cultivated raspberries. RESULTS D. suzukii were generally crepuscular, and most active in the morning within the bottom half of the crop, and in the evening within the top half of the crop. Pollinators were most active during the day and within the top half of the canopy. Humidity and temperature were correlated with insect activity. CONCLUSION Pesticides applied during twilight that ensure coverage in the bottom half of the crop, or if applied in the late afternoon cover the entire crop, should improve the pesticide efficacy. However, previous studies suggest that specific D. suzukii (e.g. sex, mating status, age) may exploit different areas in the crop at different times, and more work needs to be done to understand how these aspects before a specific management program can be recommended. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin D Jaffe
- Department of Entomology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Linden, WI, USA
| | - Christelle Guédot
- Department of Entomology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Linden, WI, USA
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22
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Wang X, Kaçar G, Daane KM. Temporal Dynamics of Host Use by Drosophila suzukii in California's San Joaquin Valley: Implications for Area-Wide Pest Management. INSECTS 2019; 10:insects10070206. [PMID: 31311092 PMCID: PMC6681292 DOI: 10.3390/insects10070206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2019] [Revised: 07/09/2019] [Accepted: 07/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
A major challenge to the area-wide management of Drosophila suzukii is understanding the fly’s host use and temporal dynamics, which may dictate local movement patterns. We determined D. suzukii’s seasonal host use in California’s San Joaquin Valley by sampling common crop and non-crop fruits in a temporal sequence of fruit ripening. We then evaluated the suitability of selected fruits as hosts. Drosophila suzukii emerged from both intact and damaged cherries during the cooler, early season period. Fly density remained low through the hot spring–summer period and re-surged as temperatures lowered in fall when the fly did not cause damage to intact peach, nectarine, plum, pear, grape, pomegranate, apple, persimmon and citrus (in order of ripening) but did emerge from the damaged fruits of these crops. The fly also emerged from two ornamental fruits (loquats and cactus) but was not found on wild plum and two endemic wild fruits (buckthorn and bitter berry). Drosophila suzukii completed development (egg to adult) on cactus, mandarin carpel, pomegranate seed, wild plum and buckthorn at survival rates similar to cherry (51.2–68.8%), whereas it had a lower survival rate on bitter cherry (33.2%), table grape (31.5%), raisin grape (26.5%), and wine grape (4.5%). The high acidity levels of grapes negatively affected the fly’s fitness. Among 10 cherry cultivars, survival rate was not affected by sugar content, but it decreased with increasing egg density per gram of fruit. Results suggest that in California’s San Joaquin Valley, the early season crops are most vulnerable, summer fruits ripen during a period of low pest pressure, and late season fruits, when damaged, serve to sustain D. suzukii’s populations in this region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingeng Wang
- Beneficial Insects Introduction Research Unit, USDA-ARS, Newark, DE 19713, USA
- Department of Environmental Science, Policy, and Management, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720-3114, USA
| | - Gülay Kaçar
- Department of Environmental Science, Policy, and Management, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720-3114, USA
- Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Sciences, Bolu Abant Izzet Baysal University, 14280 Bolu, Turkey
| | - Kent M Daane
- Department of Environmental Science, Policy, and Management, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720-3114, USA.
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23
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Clymans R, Van Kerckvoorde V, Bangels E, Akkermans W, Alhmedi A, De Clercq P, Beliën T, Bylemans D. Olfactory Preference of Drosophila suzukii Shifts between Fruit and Fermentation Cues over the Season: Effects of Physiological Status. INSECTS 2019; 10:E200. [PMID: 31284591 PMCID: PMC6681279 DOI: 10.3390/insects10070200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2019] [Revised: 06/28/2019] [Accepted: 07/04/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Worldwide monitoring programs of the invasive fruit pest Drosophila suzukii Matsumura (Diptera: Drosophilidae), using fermentation baits like apple cider vinegar (ACV), revealed a counterintuitive period of low trap catches during summer, followed by an autumn peak. In this study, we demonstrate that ACV baited traps indeed provide a distorted image of the D. suzukii population dynamics as it is possible to capture higher numbers during this "low capture period" with synthetic lures. It was hypothesised that the preference of D. suzukii populations for fermentation cues like ACV is most pronounced during autumn, winter and spring, while the flies prefer fresh fruit cues during summer and that this seasonal preference is related to the changing physiology of the flies over the season. To test this hypothesis, the preference between fermentation cues (ACV) and host fruits (strawberries) and the effect of physiology (sex, seasonal morphology and feeding, mating and reproductive status) was investigated both in olfactometer laboratory experiments and a year-round field preference experiment. In olfactometer experiments we demonstrated that protein deprived females, virgin females with a full complement of unfertilised eggs and males show a strong preference for fermentation cues while fully fed reproductive summer morph females generally prefer fruit cues. These findings indicate that D. suzukii is attracted to fermentation volatiles in search of (protein-rich) food and to fruit volatiles in search of oviposition substrates. Winter morph and starved females displayed indiscriminating olfactory behaviour. In the field preference experiment, the hypothesised seasonal shift between fermentation and fruit cues was confirmed. This shift appeared to be highly temperature-related and was similarly observed for summer and winter morphs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rik Clymans
- Zoology/Pomology Department, Research Centre for Fruit Cultivation (pcfruit npo), Fruittuinweg 1, B-3800 Sint-Truiden, Belgium
- Department of Plants and Crops, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Biosystems, KU Leuven, Decroylaan 42, B-3001 Heverlee, Belgium
| | - Vincent Van Kerckvoorde
- Zoology/Pomology Department, Research Centre for Fruit Cultivation (pcfruit npo), Fruittuinweg 1, B-3800 Sint-Truiden, Belgium
| | - Eva Bangels
- Zoology/Pomology Department, Research Centre for Fruit Cultivation (pcfruit npo), Fruittuinweg 1, B-3800 Sint-Truiden, Belgium
| | - Wannes Akkermans
- Zoology/Pomology Department, Research Centre for Fruit Cultivation (pcfruit npo), Fruittuinweg 1, B-3800 Sint-Truiden, Belgium
| | - Ammar Alhmedi
- Zoology/Pomology Department, Research Centre for Fruit Cultivation (pcfruit npo), Fruittuinweg 1, B-3800 Sint-Truiden, Belgium
| | - Patrick De Clercq
- Department of Plants and Crops, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Tim Beliën
- Zoology/Pomology Department, Research Centre for Fruit Cultivation (pcfruit npo), Fruittuinweg 1, B-3800 Sint-Truiden, Belgium.
| | - Dany Bylemans
- Zoology/Pomology Department, Research Centre for Fruit Cultivation (pcfruit npo), Fruittuinweg 1, B-3800 Sint-Truiden, Belgium
- Department of Biosystems, KU Leuven, Decroylaan 42, B-3001 Heverlee, Belgium
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24
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Kirk Green C, Moore PJ, Sial AA. Impact of heat stress on development and fertility of Drosophila suzukii Matsumura (Diptera: Drosophilidae). JOURNAL OF INSECT PHYSIOLOGY 2019; 114:45-52. [PMID: 30796949 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinsphys.2019.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2018] [Revised: 02/17/2019] [Accepted: 02/19/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Drosophila suzukii is a globally invasive fruit pest that costs millions in yield losses and increased pest management costs. Management practices for D. suzukii currently rely heavily on calendar-based applications of broad-spectrum insecticides, but decision-based applications are theoretically possible with refined population modeling and monitoring. Temperature conditions are strongly deterministic of insect growth rates, fecundity, fertility, and resulting population densities. Therefore, information about the effects of temperature can be incorporated into population modeling to accurately predict D. suzukii population densities in the field which is crucial to maximize pesticide application efficiency and improve sustainability. Here, we investigated the effects of chronic heat stress during all of juvenile development on egg-to-adult viability and fertility. We also investigated egg-to-adult viability under heat stress after heat shock of the maternal parent. We found that heat stress during development results in lower egg-to-adult viability, and reduced lifespan and fertility for surviving adults. However, heat-shock treatment of females prior to egg laying increased the egg-to-adult viability of their eggs under heat stress. Female flies that developed at 30 °C had smaller ovaries than the untreated group and male flies had less sperm in their testes, and no sperm in their seminal vesicles. We conclude that heat stress during development is likely to have negative effect on D. suzukii population dynamics in the field. However, the intensity of such negative impact will depend on the phenotypic state of their maternal parents.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Kirk Green
- Department of Entomology, College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, University of Georgia, 413 Biological Sciences, Athens, GA 30602-2603, USA
| | - Patricia J Moore
- Department of Entomology, College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, University of Georgia, 413 Biological Sciences, Athens, GA 30602-2603, USA
| | - Ashfaq A Sial
- Department of Entomology, College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, University of Georgia, 413 Biological Sciences, Athens, GA 30602-2603, USA.
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25
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Guédot C, Avanesyan A, Hietala-Henschell K. Effect of Temperature and Humidity on the Seasonal Phenology of Drosophila suzukii (Diptera: Drosophilidae) in Wisconsin. ENVIRONMENTAL ENTOMOLOGY 2018; 47:1365-1375. [PMID: 30395182 DOI: 10.1093/ee/nvy159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2018] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Drosophila suzukii (Matsumura) is an invasive pest of soft-skinned fruits that has caused significant economic damage worldwide. In this study, we focused on the seasonal abundance of D. suzukii during the early years of establishment in Wisconsin. We explored the seasonal patterns of summer and winter morphs, their reproductive output, and the effect temperature and humidity may have on their seasonal phenology. The seasonal abundance of D. suzukii during 2 yr (2014-2015) revealed that flies were detected in Wisconsin from early July to late December, with winter morphs being trapped from August through December. The adult populations trapped spanned 1 mo longer in 2015 than in 2014. The peak proportional abundance of D. suzukii in 2015 was recorded in August which was about 2 mo earlier than that in 2014. The combined factor [maximum temperature and maximum humidity] explained the most amount of variation in D. suzukii abundance consistently across the 2 yr in Wisconsin. We did not find significant differences in the fat content, number of mature eggs, proportion of females with immature eggs, or proportion of mated females between summer morph females at the beginning, summer and winter morph females during the middle, or winter morph females at the end of the collecting season in 2015. Our results build on the body of work providing a better understanding of the D. suzukii-overwintering abilities and strengthen the importance of early crop risk assessment and targeted control strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christelle Guédot
- Department of Entomology, University of Wisconsin Madison, Madison, WI
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26
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Rendon D, Buser J, Tait G, Lee JC, Walton VM. Survival and Fecundity Parameters of Two Drosophila suzukii (Diptera: Drosophilidae) Morphs on Variable Diet Under Suboptimal Temperatures. JOURNAL OF INSECT SCIENCE (ONLINE) 2018; 18:5184459. [PMID: 30445636 PMCID: PMC6237241 DOI: 10.1093/jisesa/iey113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2018] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Life history parameters are used to estimate population dynamics, mortality, and reproduction in insects relative to their surrounding environment. For Drosophila suzukii Matsumura (Diptera: Drosophilidae), an invasive agricultural pest, previous studies have estimated net reproductive rate (Ro), generation time (T), and intrinsic rate of population increase (rm). A main limitation is that these estimates were measured under relatively favorable settings, and do not reflect environmental conditions and physiological states encountered during dormancy periods. Therefore, this study investigated the impacts of 1) low temperatures and 2) dietary protein: carbohydrate ratios (P:C) on both survival and fecundity parameters of D. suzukii summer morphs (SM) and postoverwintering winter morphs (WM) over physiological age (degree-days, DD). In both morphs, reproductive rates were higher and lifespan was longer when flies were exposed to low protein (P:C 1:4) or carbohydrate-only diets (P:C 0:1) compared with high protein diets (P:C 1:1). WM had higher reproductive rates and longer generation times than SM on optimal 1:4 diet in all trialed temperatures, but at the lowest temperatures, SM had higher reproductive rates than WM in carbohydrate-only and high protein diets. This likely reflected delayed oogenesis and hindered reproduction after an overwintering period in WM receiving suboptimal diets. Oviposition for SM and WM receiving 1:4 diet commenced from 0 to 100 DD, and peaked between 400 and 500 DD, earlier than flies receiving 0:1 diet. These results suggest that dietary protein has a crucial role in early oogenesis, particularly for postoverwintering WM. The parameters developed here reflect the population dynamics of D. suzukii before and after the crop growing season, an essential time for population buildup, survival, and early and late host infestation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dalila Rendon
- Department of Horticulture, Oregon State University, Agricultural and Life Sciences Building, Corvallis, OR
| | - Jessica Buser
- Department of Horticulture, Oregon State University, Agricultural and Life Sciences Building, Corvallis, OR
| | - Gabriella Tait
- Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, San Michele all’Adige, Italy
| | - Jana C Lee
- USDA ARS Horticultural Crops Research Unit, Corvallis, OR
| | - Vaughn M Walton
- Department of Horticulture, Oregon State University, Agricultural and Life Sciences Building, Corvallis, OR
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27
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Panel ADC, Zeeman L, van der Sluis BJ, van Elk P, Pannebakker BA, Wertheim B, Helsen HHM. Overwintered Drosophila suzukii Are the Main Source for Infestations of the First Fruit Crops of the Season. INSECTS 2018; 9:insects9040145. [PMID: 30360355 PMCID: PMC6315960 DOI: 10.3390/insects9040145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2018] [Revised: 10/15/2018] [Accepted: 10/18/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The mechanisms allowing the widespread invasive pest Drosophila suzukii to survive from early spring until the availability of the first fruit crops are still unclear. Seasonal biology and population dynamics of D. suzukii were investigated in order to better understand the contribution of the early spring hosts to the infestation of the first fruit crops of the season. We identified hosts available to D. suzukii in early spring and assessed their suitability for the pest oviposition and reproductive success under field and laboratory conditions. The natural infestation rate of one of these hosts, Aucuba japonica, was assessed over springtime and the morphology of the flies that emerged from infested A. japonica fruits was characterized under field conditions. Then, these findings were correlated with long-term monitoring data on seasonal reproductive biology and morphology of the pest, using a cumulative degree-days (DD) analysis. Field sampling revealed that overwintered D. suzukii females were physiologically able to lay eggs at 87 DD which coincided with the detection of the first infested early spring hosts. The latter were continuously and increasingly infested by D. suzukii eggs in nature from early spring until the end of May, in particular Aucuba japonica. Individuals emerged from most of these hosts were characterized by a poor fitness and a rather low success of emergence. In the field, only few summer morphs emerged from naturally infested A. japonica fruits around the end of May-beginning of June. However, field monitoring in orchards revealed that D. suzukii individuals consisted solely of winter morphs until mid-June. These observations indicate that overwintered D. suzukii females are the predominant source for the infestations in the first available fruit crops of the season. We discuss these findings in the context of possible pest control strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aurore D C Panel
- Groningen Institute for Evolutionary Life Sciences, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 7, 9700 CC Groningen, The Netherlands.
- Wageningen University & Research, Laboratory of Genetics, PO Box 16, 6700 AA Wageningen, The Netherlands.
| | - Laura Zeeman
- Wageningen University & Research, Laboratory of Entomology, PO Box 16, 6700 AA Wageningen, The Netherlands.
- Wageningen University & Research, Field Crops, 6670 AE Zetten, The Netherlands.
| | | | - Peter van Elk
- Wageningen University & Research, Field Crops, 6670 AE Zetten, The Netherlands.
| | - Bart A Pannebakker
- Wageningen University & Research, Laboratory of Genetics, PO Box 16, 6700 AA Wageningen, The Netherlands.
| | - Bregje Wertheim
- Groningen Institute for Evolutionary Life Sciences, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 7, 9700 CC Groningen, The Netherlands.
| | - Herman H M Helsen
- Wageningen University & Research, Field Crops, 6670 AE Zetten, The Netherlands.
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28
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Briem F, Dominic AR, Golla B, Hoffmann C, Englert C, Herz A, Vogt H. Explorative Data Analysis of Drosophila suzukii Trap Catches from a Seven-Year Monitoring Program in Southwest Germany. INSECTS 2018; 9:insects9040125. [PMID: 30249994 PMCID: PMC6315382 DOI: 10.3390/insects9040125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2018] [Revised: 09/21/2018] [Accepted: 09/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Over the last decade, Drosophila suzukii Matsumura, an invasive pest of soft-skinned fruits, gradually established itself in Europe, often resulting in significant economic losses. In 2011, when D. suzukii was first described for Germany, the Julius Kühn Institut (JKI) started a monitoring program in southwest Germany to study the occurrence and activity of the fly. Capture data from late 2011–early 2018 from 100 traps were analyzed for the effect of weather and immediate habitat on trap captures at different times of the year. We identified five phases in the annual population development cycle of D. suzukii. We found that the mild winter of 2013/2014 helped the thorough establishment of D. suzukii in Germany. Habitat types in the immediate vicinity of the trap and local weather conditions had a strong influence on trap captures. Forest borders and hedges were found to provide adequate overwintering shelter for the flies. Trap captures in forests and hedges were generally higher than those of vineyards and orchards, even during the fruiting seasons. Summer capture rates were correlated with the number of heat days and precipitation. We also discuss briefly the limitations of using trap captures as representative of fly density in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felix Briem
- Julius Kühn-Institut (JKI), Federal Research Centre for Cultivated Plants, Institute for Plant Protection in Fruit Crops and Viticulture, Schwabenheimer Straße 101, 69221 Dossenheim, Germany.
| | - Anto Raja Dominic
- Julius Kühn-Institut (JKI), Federal Research Centre for Cultivated Plants, Institute for Strategies and Technology Assessment, Stahnsdorfer Damm 81, 14532 Kleinmachnow, Germany.
| | - Burkhard Golla
- Julius Kühn-Institut (JKI), Federal Research Centre for Cultivated Plants, Institute for Strategies and Technology Assessment, Stahnsdorfer Damm 81, 14532 Kleinmachnow, Germany.
| | - Christoph Hoffmann
- Julius Kühn-Institut (JKI), Federal Research Centre for Cultivated Plants, Institute for Plant Protection in Fruit Crops and Viticulture, Geilweilerhof, 76833 Siebeldingen, Germany.
| | - Camilla Englert
- Julius Kühn-Institut (JKI), Federal Research Centre for Cultivated Plants, Institute for Biological Control, Entomology and Beneficial Insects, Heinrichstraße 243, 64287 Darmstadt, Germany.
| | - Annette Herz
- Julius Kühn-Institut (JKI), Federal Research Centre for Cultivated Plants, Institute for Biological Control, Entomology and Beneficial Insects, Heinrichstraße 243, 64287 Darmstadt, Germany.
| | - Heidrun Vogt
- Julius Kühn-Institut (JKI), Federal Research Centre for Cultivated Plants, Institute for Plant Protection in Fruit Crops and Viticulture, Schwabenheimer Straße 101, 69221 Dossenheim, Germany.
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Everman ER, Freda PJ, Brown M, Schieferecke AJ, Ragland GJ, Morgan TJ. Ovary Development and Cold Tolerance of the Invasive Pest Drosophila suzukii (Matsumura) in the Central Plains of Kansas, United States. ENVIRONMENTAL ENTOMOLOGY 2018; 47:1013-1023. [PMID: 29846535 DOI: 10.1093/ee/nvy074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2017] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Environmental challenges presented by temperature variation can be overcome through phenotypic plasticity in small invasive ectotherms. We tested the effect of thermal exposure to 21, 18, and 11°C throughout the whole life cycle of individuals, thermal exposure of adults reared at 25°C to 15 and 11°C for a 21-d period, and long (14:10 hr) and short (10:14 hr) photoperiod on ovary size and development in Drosophila suzukii (Matsumura) (Diptera: Drosophilidae) cultured from a recently established population in Topeka, Kansas (United States). Examination of the response to temperature and photoperiod variation in this central plains population provides insight into the role of phenotypic plasticity in a climate that is warmer than regions in North America where D. suzukii was initially established. We found both low temperature and short photoperiod resulted in reduced ovary size and level of development. In particular, reduced ovary development was observed following exposure to 15°C, indicating that ovary development in females from the central plains population is more sensitive to lower temperature compared with populations examined from the northern United States and southern Canada. We also provide evidence that D. suzukii reared at 25°C are capable of short-term hardening when exposed to -6°C following 4°C acclimation, contrary to previous reports indicating flies reared at warm temperatures do not rapidly-cold harden. Our study highlights the central role of phenotypic plasticity in response to winter-like laboratory conditions and provides an important geographic comparison to previously published assessments of ovary development and short-term hardening survival response for D. suzukii collected in cooler climates.
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Affiliation(s)
- E R Everman
- Division of Biology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS
| | - P J Freda
- Department of Entomology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS
| | - M Brown
- Division of Biology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS
| | | | - G J Ragland
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of Colorado, Denver, CO
| | - T J Morgan
- Division of Biology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS
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Pfab F, Stacconi MVR, Anfora G, Grassi A, Walton V, Pugliese A. Optimized timing of parasitoid release: a mathematical model for biological control of Drosophila suzukii. THEOR ECOL-NETH 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s12080-018-0382-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Wang XG, Serrato MA, Son Y, Walton VM, Hogg BN, Daane KM. Thermal Performance of Two Indigenous Pupal Parasitoids Attacking the Invasive Drosophila suzukii (Diptera: Drosophilidae). ENVIRONMENTAL ENTOMOLOGY 2018; 47:764-772. [PMID: 29635366 DOI: 10.1093/ee/nvy053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Pachycrepoideus vindemiae (Rondani) and Trichopria drosophilae (Perkins) are among a few indigenous parasitoids attacking the invasive Drosophila suzukii (Matsumura) (Diptera: Drosophilidae) in North America. Both parasitoid species occur in California, whereas only P. vindemiae has been reported from Oregon. We compared the thermal performance of the California populations of P. vindemiae and T. drosophilae, and the Oregon population of P. vindemiae at eight constant temperatures (12.6-32.8°C). Both P. vindemiae populations could develop at all tested temperatures. T. drosophilae failed to develop at or above 29.6°C. This species was, however, able to develop at a diurnal temperature regime of 15-32°C, and survival was higher in older developmental stages. T. drosophilae was less tolerant to both low and high temperatures than P. vindemiae, whereas the Oregon P. vindemiae population was more cold-tolerant but less heat-tolerant than the California population in terms of offspring survival, development, and reproduction. To develop storage strategies for mass-cultured parasitoids, we compared the cold tolerance of immature P. vindemiae and T. drosophilae of the California populations at 12°C for 1, 2, or 3 mo, followed by a 23°C holding period. Successful development to the adult stage decreased as cold storage duration increased. Successful development, however, increased when cold storage was initiated during the older developmental stages for 1-mo exposure for both parasitoid species. The results are discussed with regards to parasitoid thermal adaptation and the potential use of P. vindemiae and T. drosophilae for biological control of spotted-wing drosophila.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin-Geng Wang
- Department of Environmental Science, Policy and Management, University of California, Berkeley, CA
| | - Michael A Serrato
- Department of Environmental Science, Policy and Management, University of California, Berkeley, CA
- Department of Plant Science, California State University, Fresno, CA
| | - Youngsoo Son
- Pierce's Disease Control Program, California Department of Food and Agriculture, Arvin, CA
| | - Vaughn M Walton
- Department of Horticulture, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR
| | - Brian N Hogg
- USDA-ARS, Exotic and Invasive Weeds Research Unit, Albany, CA
| | - Kent M Daane
- Department of Environmental Science, Policy and Management, University of California, Berkeley, CA
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Buchman A, Marshall JM, Ostrovski D, Yang T, Akbari OS. Synthetically engineered Medea gene drive system in the worldwide crop pest Drosophila suzukii. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2018. [PMID: 29666236 DOI: 10.1101/162255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Synthetic gene drive systems possess enormous potential to replace, alter, or suppress wild populations of significant disease vectors and crop pests; however, their utility in diverse populations remains to be demonstrated. Here, we report the creation of a synthetic Medea gene drive system in a major worldwide crop pest, Drosophila suzukii We demonstrate that this drive system, based on an engineered maternal "toxin" coupled with a linked embryonic "antidote," is capable of biasing Mendelian inheritance rates with up to 100% efficiency. However, we find that drive resistance, resulting from naturally occurring genetic variation and associated fitness costs, can be selected for and hinder the spread of such a drive. Despite this, our results suggest that this gene drive could maintain itself at high frequencies in a wild population and spread to fixation if either its fitness costs or toxin resistance were reduced, providing a clear path forward for developing future such systems in this pest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Buchman
- Department of Entomology, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521
- Center for Infectious Disease and Vector Research, Institute for Integrative Genome Biology, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521
- Section of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093
| | - John M Marshall
- Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720
| | - Dennis Ostrovski
- Department of Entomology, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521
- Center for Infectious Disease and Vector Research, Institute for Integrative Genome Biology, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521
| | - Ting Yang
- Department of Entomology, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521
- Center for Infectious Disease and Vector Research, Institute for Integrative Genome Biology, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521
- Section of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093
| | - Omar S Akbari
- Department of Entomology, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521;
- Center for Infectious Disease and Vector Research, Institute for Integrative Genome Biology, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521
- Section of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093
- Tata Institute for Genetics and Society, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093
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Synthetically engineered Medea gene drive system in the worldwide crop pest Drosophila suzukii. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2018; 115:4725-4730. [PMID: 29666236 PMCID: PMC5939061 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1713139115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Here we describe a fully functional gene drive system constructed in a major worldwide crop pest, Drosophila suzukii. This system is composed of a synthetic Medea drive with a maternal miRNA “toxin” and a zygotic “antidote,” and we demonstrate that it can bias inheritance with 100% efficiency and can persist in a population given high release frequencies. We discuss how such a system may be used to suppress D. suzukii populations or render them harmless to target crops. Synthetic gene drive systems possess enormous potential to replace, alter, or suppress wild populations of significant disease vectors and crop pests; however, their utility in diverse populations remains to be demonstrated. Here, we report the creation of a synthetic Medea gene drive system in a major worldwide crop pest, Drosophila suzukii. We demonstrate that this drive system, based on an engineered maternal “toxin” coupled with a linked embryonic “antidote,” is capable of biasing Mendelian inheritance rates with up to 100% efficiency. However, we find that drive resistance, resulting from naturally occurring genetic variation and associated fitness costs, can be selected for and hinder the spread of such a drive. Despite this, our results suggest that this gene drive could maintain itself at high frequencies in a wild population and spread to fixation if either its fitness costs or toxin resistance were reduced, providing a clear path forward for developing future such systems in this pest.
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Renkema JM, Iglesias LE, Bonneau P, Liburd OE. Trapping system comparisons for and factors affecting populations of Drosophila suzukii and Zaprionus indianus in winter-grown strawberry. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2018; 74:2076-2088. [PMID: 29516620 DOI: 10.1002/ps.4904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2017] [Revised: 02/14/2018] [Accepted: 03/02/2018] [Indexed: 02/28/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Drosophila suzukii (Matsumura) is a major fruit pest in temperate regions worldwide, but in subtropical Florida, winter-grown strawberries have not been severely affected. Zaprionus indianus Gupta is another invasive drosophilid species and a pest of some tropical fruits. To improve monitoring, trapping systems for D. suzukii and Z. indianus were tested. Morphology, ovarian status and the suitability and availability of non-crop hosts as possible D. suzukii population-limiting factors were assessed. RESULTS Traps with commercial attractants captured more D. suzukii but fewer Z. indianus than those with a homemade mixture. In central and northern Florida, < 10% and 30-80% of D. suzukii, respectively, exhibited darker, winter morph coloration, and 55-75% of females from central Florida were carrying mature and/or immature eggs. Adult D. suzukii were reared from fruits of two of 28 potential hosts: elderberry (Sambucus nigra) and nightshade (Solanum americanum). Nightshade, but not elderberry, was common on field perimeters (21 and six of 36 fields, respectively). Traps placed in wooded or partially wooded field edges yielded the most D. suzukii. CONCLUSION Florida strawberry is at risk of D. suzukii infestation, as flies were captured throughout the growing season. However, fly captures remained relatively low, peaking at 1.5 flies per trap per day. In central Florida, the low availability and suitability of non-crop hosts likely limit population growth. The finding of few flies in northern Florida may additionally be attributable to a greater proportion of flies displaying winter morph coloration than in central Florida. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin M Renkema
- Gulf Coast Research and Education Center, University of Florida, Balm, FL, USA
- Department of Entomology and Nematology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Lindsy E Iglesias
- Department of Entomology and Nematology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Phanie Bonneau
- Gulf Coast Research and Education Center, University of Florida, Balm, FL, USA
- Centre de recherche et innovation sur les végétaux, Université Laval, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada
| | - Oscar E Liburd
- Department of Entomology and Nematology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
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Grassi A, Gottardello A, Dalton DT, Tait G, Rendon D, Ioriatti C, Gibeaut D, Rossi Stacconi MV, Walton VM. Seasonal Reproductive Biology of Drosophila suzukii (Diptera: Drosophilidae) in Temperate Climates. ENVIRONMENTAL ENTOMOLOGY 2018; 47:166-174. [PMID: 29281089 DOI: 10.1093/ee/nvx195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Drosophila suzukii (Matsumura; Diptera: Drosophilidae) is a key pest of sweet cherry and small fruits worldwide. The present studies were designed to describe the reproductive physiology in both sexes, through dissections of their reproductive organs. We extensively dissected female D. suzukii throughout the season from 2013 to 2016 and classified the reproductive status flies based on five recognizable ovarian maturation stages: 1) no ovaries; 2) unripe ovaries 3) ripening eggs in ovarioles; 4) mature eggs in ovarioles; and 5) mature eggs in the abdomen. Development was examined as a function of calendar days as well as degree-days (DD). Results obtained from winter collections revealed that females collected from November to March contained a lower percentage of mature eggs than females collected from April to September. These data suggest that environmental conditions during the dormant period induce reproductive diapause. Oogenesis likely increased with an increase in mean monthly temperatures and DD. The first overwintered females with mature eggs were dissected as early as 21 February 2014 in Trento (7 DD). Additionally, we found that a low proportion of males (less than 50%) had sperm in their testes between January and March, yet during the same period females already have sperm stored in their spermathecal. Ivy berries was an alternative but unfavorable non-crop host during the late dormant period, as evidenced by emergence of smaller adults when compared to individuals emerging from cherry fruits. This study showed that D. suzukii females have great potential for oviposition early in the season, posing a risk to early season maturing crop hosts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Grassi
- Research and Innovation Centre and Technology Transfer Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, San Michele all'Adige (TN), Italy
| | - Angela Gottardello
- Research and Innovation Centre and Technology Transfer Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, San Michele all'Adige (TN), Italy
| | - Daniel T Dalton
- Department of Horticulture, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR
| | - Gabriella Tait
- Research and Innovation Centre and Technology Transfer Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, San Michele all'Adige (TN), Italy
| | - Dalila Rendon
- Mid-Columbia Agricultural Research and Extension Center, Oregon State University, Hood River, OR
| | - Claudio Ioriatti
- Research and Innovation Centre and Technology Transfer Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, San Michele all'Adige (TN), Italy
| | - David Gibeaut
- Mid-Columbia Agricultural Research and Extension Center, Oregon State University, Hood River, OR
| | - M Valerio Rossi Stacconi
- Research and Innovation Centre and Technology Transfer Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, San Michele all'Adige (TN), Italy
| | - Vaughn M Walton
- Department of Horticulture, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR
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Improved capture of Drosophila suzukii by a trap baited with two attractants in the same device. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0188350. [PMID: 29149190 PMCID: PMC5693462 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0188350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2017] [Accepted: 11/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The improvement of trap-lure combinations is an important part of integrated pest management programs that involve monitoring pests for timely insecticide applications, or for their use in control strategies such as mass trapping or bait stations. In this study improvements in the capture of Drosophila suzukii were not observed following the inclusion of different color stimuli with respect to a red-black stripe cup trap. This red-black stripe trap with a hemispherical dome-shaped lid had a significantly improved physical retention of flies compared to traps fitted with a flat lid. Retention was further improved when an additional tube device, which could be baited with a supplemental attractant, was introduced through the dome-shaped lid. Under laboratory conditions, this trap, in which apple cider vinegar + 10% ethanol was present as the drowning solution and the additional tube device was baited with a fermenting mixture of sugar and yeast, was significantly more effective in catching D. suzukii flies than other conventional attractants or a commercial lure. The capture rate of this trap-lure combination remained higher than that of a commercial lure, even after 20 days of use under laboratory conditions. In a guava orchard this trap was 15-fold more effective in catching D. suzukii flies than similar traps baited with apple cider vinegar alone, 4 to 7 fold more effective than similar traps baited with a commercial lure, and 1.7-fold more effective than a fermenting mixture of yeasts and wheat flour. In commercial blackberry orchards, this trap was 6-fold more effective in trapping D. suzukii flies than the clear trap baited with apple cider vinegar used by growers. The efficacy of this trap presents a promising line of future research for monitoring and control of D. suzukii and likely other drosophilid pests.
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Del Fava E, Ioriatti C, Melegaro A. Cost-benefit analysis of controlling the spotted wing drosophila (Drosophila suzukii (Matsumura)) spread and infestation of soft fruits in Trentino, Northern Italy. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2017; 73:2318-2327. [PMID: 28523823 DOI: 10.1002/ps.4618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2017] [Revised: 05/14/2017] [Accepted: 05/15/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We assessed the economic impact of the invasive pest Drosophila suzukii (Matsumura) on the soft fruit industry (strawberries, raspberries, blackberries and blueberries) in Trentino, Northern Italy, using cost-benefit analysis. A conventional integrated pest management (IPM) based on insecticide, mass trapping and cultural measures is compared with an upgraded IPM strategy based on exclusion netting. Costs and benefits associated with the change between the two are estimated to evaluate the most profitable strategy from a societal point of view. The robustness of the results to uncertainty in parameter values is assessed through probabilistic sensitivity analysis. RESULTS In a period of low pest pressure, the conventional IPM strategy would likely be more profitable than no management. However, with higher pest pressure levels, the upgraded IPM strategy would increasingly be more profitable than conventional IPM as pest damage levels increase. CONCLUSION For the problem considered in this study, insecticide-based management is expected to prove less and less profitable as rising pest pressure levels lead to an intensification of the insecticide applications. Conversely, exclusion netting, despite being more expensive, is expected to be much more profitable, in terms of both its effectiveness in reducing pest pressure and its lower societal impact. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emanuele Del Fava
- Carlo F. Dondena Centre for Research on Social Dynamics and Public Policy, Bocconi University, Milan, Italy
| | - Claudio Ioriatti
- Technology Transfer Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, San Michele all'Adige, Trento, Italy
| | - Alessia Melegaro
- Carlo F. Dondena Centre for Research on Social Dynamics and Public Policy, Bocconi University, Milan, Italy
- Department of Policy Analysis and Public Management, Bocconi University, Milan, Italy
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Tang SB, Lee JC, Jung JK, Choi MY. Effect of erythritol formulation on the mortality, fecundity and physiological excretion in Drosophila suzukii. JOURNAL OF INSECT PHYSIOLOGY 2017; 101:178-184. [PMID: 28764953 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinsphys.2017.07.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2017] [Revised: 07/24/2017] [Accepted: 07/28/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Previously, we studied various combinations of non-nutritive sugars including erythritol and erythrose having a potentially insecticidal effect on Drosophila suzukii. The study suggested two potential physiological changes causing fly mortality: 1) starvation from the feeding of non-metabolizable erythritol and erythrose; 2) abnormal osmotic pressure increased in the hemolymph with erythritol transported from the midgut. In the present study, sucrose and erythritol were applied to blueberries and effects of these combinations on fly mortality and fecundity were monitored in the lab and greenhouse. In the lab, two sucrose/erythritol formulations (0.5M sucrose/2M erythritol, 1M sucrose/2M erythritol) resulted in the highest mortality and the lowest fecundity among D. suzukii adults. Two formulations, therefore, were selected for further evaluation with blueberry bushes and fruits in the greenhouse; fly survival with 0.5M sucrose/2M erythritol was significantly lower than 1M sucrose/2M erythritol for 7days. Unlike the smaller container, mortality occurred faster in the greenhouse probably because flies moved more in the bigger cage accelerating the exhaustion of energy reserves in the body. We examined presence of erythritol in the hemolymph and frass to determine the nutritional metabolism and absorption of erythritol in D. suzukii. Unlike sucrose, a large amount of erythritol was observed in the hemolymph of the fly that ingested 0.5M sucrose/0.5M erythritol. Erythritol was also found in the frass of the same fly. The results imply that erythritol might be directly transported from the midgut without being metabolized and stored, but is accumulated in the hemolymph which in turn elevates the osmotic pressure in the fly hemolymph. For practical application, the sucrose/erythritol combination would be more effective than erythritol alone because the combination tastes sweeter to elicit more feeding. This erythritol formulation can be a potential insecticide used alone or as a delivery agent combined with conventional or biological insecticides to enhance their efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siew Bee Tang
- USDA ARS Horticultural Crops Research Unit and (b)Department of Horticulture, Oregon State University, 3420 NW Orchard Avenue, Corvallis, OR 97330, USA; USDA ARS Horticultural Crops Research Unit and (b)Department of Horticulture, Oregon State University, 3420 NW Orchard Avenue, Corvallis, OR 97330, USA
| | - Jana C Lee
- USDA ARS Horticultural Crops Research Unit, 3420 NW Orchard Avenue, Corvallis, OR 97330, USA
| | - Jin Kyo Jung
- Crop Cultivation and Environment Research Division, National Institute of Crop Science, Suwon 16429, South Korea
| | - Man-Yeon Choi
- USDA ARS Horticultural Crops Research Unit, 3420 NW Orchard Avenue, Corvallis, OR 97330, USA.
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Farnsworth D, Hamby KA, Bolda M, Goodhue RE, Williams JC, Zalom FG. Economic analysis of revenue losses and control costs associated with the spotted wing drosophila, Drosophila suzukii (Matsumura), in the California raspberry industry. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2017; 73:1083-1090. [PMID: 27943618 DOI: 10.1002/ps.4497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2016] [Revised: 08/31/2016] [Accepted: 11/25/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The spotted wing drosophila (SWD), Drosophila suzukii (Matsumura), is an invasive vinegar fly with a preference for infesting commercially viable berries and stone fruits. SWD infestations can reduce yields significantly, necessitating additional management activities. This analysis estimates economic losses in the California raspberry industry that have resulted from the SWD invasion. RESULTS California raspberry producers experienced considerable revenue losses and management costs in the first years following SWD's invasion of North America. Conventional producers have since developed effective chemical management programs, virtually eliminating revenue losses due to SWD and reducing the cost of management to that of purchasing and applying insecticides more often. Organic raspberry producers, who do not have access to the same chemical controls, continue to confront substantial SWD-related revenue losses. These losses can be mitigated only by applying expensive insecticides registered for organic use and by performing labor-intensive field sanitation. CONCLUSION SWD's invasion into North America has caused extensive crop losses to berry and cherry crops in California and elsewhere. Agricultural producers and researchers have responded quickly to this pest by developing management programs that significantly reduce revenue losses. Economic losses are expected to continue to fall as producers learn to manage SWD more efficiently and as new control tactics become available. © 2016 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Derek Farnsworth
- Department of Food and Resource Economics, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Kelly A Hamby
- Department of Entomology, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
| | - Mark Bolda
- University of California Cooperative Extension, Santa Cruz County, Watsonville, CA, USA
| | - Rachael E Goodhue
- Department of Agricultural and Resource Economics, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Jeffrey C Williams
- Department of Agricultural and Resource Economics, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Frank G Zalom
- Department of Entomology and Nematology, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
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Economic Impact of the Introduction and Establishment of Drosophila suzukii on Sweet Cherry Production in Switzerland. INSECTS 2017; 8:insects8010018. [PMID: 28208692 PMCID: PMC5371946 DOI: 10.3390/insects8010018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2016] [Revised: 01/31/2017] [Accepted: 02/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
First detected in Switzerland in 2011, the invasive Drosophila suzukii, spotted wing drosophila, has caused recurring costs for growers of berries and fruit. Recommended management approaches rely on a set of methods, tailored to suit crop requirements under the prevailing local conditions. Control of D. suzukii represents a substantial economic burden for growers, in terms of material, equipment, new infrastructure and extra labour. However, those growers who invest wisely to deliver unblemished produce are rewarded with high payoffs. We present insights from a growers’ survey conducted in 2015 and 2016 to gauge the impact of the introduction and establishment of D. suzukii on Swiss sweet cherry production. The surveyed growers (111 in 2015 and 298 in 2016) observed the recommended surveillance, sanitation and control measures. The use of insecticides (78% and 79% of respondents in 2015 and 2016, respectively) and the harvest of all fruits (93% and 59% of respondents in 2015 and 2016, respectively) were the most widespread methods used to reduce damage. Nearly one-third of the respondents set up enclosure nets. Our economic evaluation of different scenarios provides a quantitative indication of the potentially incurred costs. We argue for enhanced stakeholder involvement to raise the acceptance of integrated pest management practices, and to inform research and outreach by providing insights into the motivations and barriers to adoption.
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41
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Analysis of the invasiveness of spotted wing Drosophila (Drosophila suzukii) in North America, Europe, and the Mediterranean Basin. Biol Invasions 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s10530-016-1255-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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