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Zhang X, Wang Y, Yin Z, Liang F. Optimization and validation of a suprasystolic brachial cuff-based method for noninvasively estimating central aortic blood pressure. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL FOR NUMERICAL METHODS IN BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERING 2024; 40:e3806. [PMID: 38281742 DOI: 10.1002/cnm.3806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Revised: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/14/2024] [Indexed: 01/30/2024]
Abstract
Clinical studies have extensively demonstrated that central aortic blood pressure (CABP) has greater clinical significance in comparison with peripheral blood pressure. Despite the existence of various techniques for noninvasively measuring CABP, the clinical applications of most techniques are hampered by the unsatisfactory accuracy or large variability in measurement errors. In this study, we proposed a new method for noninvasively estimating CABP with improved accuracy and reduced uncertain errors. The main idea was to optimize the estimation of the pulse wave transit time from the aorta to the occluded lumen of the brachial artery under a suprasystolic cuff by identifying and utilizing the characteristic information of the cuff oscillation wave, thereby improving the accuracy and stability of the CABP estimation algorithms under various physiological conditions. The method was firstly developed and verified based on large-scale virtual subject data (n = 800) generated by a computational model of the cardiovascular system coupled to a brachial cuff, and then validated with small-scale in vivo data (n = 34). The estimation errors for the aortic systolic pressure were -0.05 ± 0.63 mmHg in the test group of the virtual subjects and -1.09 ± 3.70 mmHg in the test group of the patients, both demonstrating a good performance. In particular, the estimation errors were found to be insensitive to variations in hemodynamic conditions and cardiovascular properties, manifesting the high robustness of the method. The method may have promising clinical applicability, although further validation studies with larger-scale clinical data remain necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xujie Zhang
- Department of Engineering Mechanics, School of Naval Architecture, Ocean & Civil Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yue Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhaofang Yin
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Fuyou Liang
- Department of Engineering Mechanics, School of Naval Architecture, Ocean & Civil Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
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2
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Hong J, Nandi M, Charlton PH, Alastruey J. Noninvasive hemodynamic indices of vascular aging: an in silico assessment. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2023; 325:H1290-H1303. [PMID: 37737734 PMCID: PMC10908403 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00454.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Revised: 09/12/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 09/23/2023]
Abstract
Vascular aging (VA) involves structural and functional changes in blood vessels that contribute to cardiovascular disease. Several noninvasive pulse wave (PW) indices have been proposed to assess the arterial stiffness component of VA in the clinic and daily life. This study investigated 19 of these indices, identified in recent review articles on VA, by using a database comprising 3,837 virtual healthy subjects aged 25-75 yr, each with unique PW signals simulated under various levels of artificial noise to mimic real measurement errors. For each subject, VA indices were calculated from filtered PW signals and compared with the precise theoretical value of aortic Young's modulus (EAo). In silico PW indices showed age-related changes that align with in vivo population studies. The cardio-ankle vascular index (CAVI) and all pulse wave velocity (PWV) indices showed strong linear correlations with EAo (Pearson's rp > 0.95). Carotid distensibility showed a strong negative nonlinear correlation (Spearman's rs < -0.99). CAVI and distensibility exhibited greater resilience to noise compared with PWV indices. Blood pressure-related indices and photoplethysmography (PPG)-based indices showed weaker correlations with EAo (rp and rs < 0.89, |rp| and |rs| < 0.84, respectively). Overall, blood pressure-related indices were confounded by more cardiovascular properties (heart rate, stroke volume, duration of systole, large artery diameter, and/or peripheral vascular resistance) compared with other studied indices, and PPG-based indices were most affected by noise. In conclusion, carotid-femoral PWV, CAVI and carotid distensibility emerged as the superior clinical VA indicators, with a strong EAo correlation and noise resilience. PPG-based indices showed potential for daily VA monitoring under minimized noise disturbances.NEW & NOTEWORTHY For the first time, 19 noninvasive pulse wave indices for assessing vascular aging were examined together in a single database of nearly 4,000 subjects aged 25-75 yr. The dataset contained precise values of the aortic Young's modulus and other hemodynamic measures for each subject, which enabled us to test each index's ability to measure changes in aortic stiffness while accounting for confounding factors and measurement errors. The study provides freely available tools for analyzing these and additional indices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingyuan Hong
- Division of Imaging Sciences and Biomedical Engineering, King's College London, St. Thomas' Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Manasi Nandi
- School of Cancer and Pharmaceutical Science, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Peter H Charlton
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Jordi Alastruey
- Division of Imaging Sciences and Biomedical Engineering, King's College London, St. Thomas' Hospital, London, United Kingdom
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3
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Huang S, Gao Y, Hu Y, Shen F, Jin Z, Cho Y. Recent development of piezoelectric biosensors for physiological signal detection and machine learning assisted cardiovascular disease diagnosis. RSC Adv 2023; 13:29174-29194. [PMID: 37818271 PMCID: PMC10561672 DOI: 10.1039/d3ra05932d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 10/12/2023] Open
Abstract
As cardiovascular disease stands as a global primary cause of mortality, there has been an urgent need for continuous and real-time heart monitoring to effectively identify irregular heart rhythms and to offer timely patient alerts. However, conventional cardiac monitoring systems encounter challenges due to inflexible interfaces and discomfort during prolonged monitoring. In this review article, we address these issues by emphasizing the recent development of the flexible, wearable, and comfortable piezoelectric passive sensor assisted by machine learning technology for diagnosis. This innovative device not only harmonizes with the dynamic mechanical properties of human skin but also facilitates continuous and real-time collection of physiological signals. Addressing identified challenges and constraints, this review provides insights into recent advances in piezoelectric cardiac sensors, from devices to circuit systems. Furthermore, this review delves into the integration of machine learning technologies, showcasing their pivotal role in facilitating continuous and real-time assessment of cardiac status. The synergistic combination of flexible piezoelectric sensor design and machine learning holds substantial potential in automating the detection of cardiac irregularities with minimal human intervention. This transformative approach has the power to revolutionize patient care paradigms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shunyao Huang
- University of Michigan-Shanghai Jiao Tong University Joint Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Minhang District Shanghai 200240 China
| | - Yujia Gao
- University of Michigan-Shanghai Jiao Tong University Joint Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Minhang District Shanghai 200240 China
| | - Yian Hu
- University of Michigan-Shanghai Jiao Tong University Joint Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Minhang District Shanghai 200240 China
| | - Fengyi Shen
- University of Michigan-Shanghai Jiao Tong University Joint Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Minhang District Shanghai 200240 China
| | - Zhangsiyuan Jin
- University of Michigan-Shanghai Jiao Tong University Joint Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Minhang District Shanghai 200240 China
| | - Yuljae Cho
- University of Michigan-Shanghai Jiao Tong University Joint Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Minhang District Shanghai 200240 China
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4
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Scalia A, Ghafari C, Navarre W, Delmotte P, Phillips R, Carlier S. High Fidelity Pressure Wires Provide Accurate Validation of Non-Invasive Central Blood Pressure and Pulse Wave Velocity Measurements. Biomedicines 2023; 11:biomedicines11041235. [PMID: 37189852 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11041235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Revised: 04/12/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Central blood pressure (cBP) is known to be a better predictor of the damage caused by hypertension in comparison with peripheral blood pressure. During cardiac catheterization, we measured cBP in the ascending aorta with a fluid-filled guiding catheter (FF) in 75 patients and with a high-fidelity micromanometer tipped wire (FFR) in 20 patients. The wire was withdrawn into the brachial artery and aorto-brachial pulse wave velocity (abPWV) was calculated from the length of the pullback and the time delay between the ascending aorta and the brachial artery pulse waves by gating to the R-wave of the ECG for both measurements. In 23 patients, a cuff was inflated around the calf and an aorta-tibial pulse wave velocity (atPWV) was calculated from the distance between the cuff around the leg and the axillary notch and the time delay between the ascending aorta and the tibial pulse waves. Brachial BP was measured non-invasively and cBP was estimated using a new suprasystolic oscillometric technology. The mean differences between invasively measured cBP by FFR and non-invasive estimation were -0.4 ± 5.7 mmHg and by FF 5.4 ± 9.4 mmHg in 52 patients. Diastolic and mean cBP were both overestimated by oscillometry, with mean differences of -8.9 ± 5.5 mmHg and -6.4 ± 5.1 mmHg compared with the FFR and -10.6 ± 6.3 mmHg and -5.9 ± 6.2 mmHg with the FF. Non-invasive systolic cBP compared accurately with the high-fidelity FFR measurements, demonstrating a low bias (≤5 mmHg) and high precision (SD ≤ 8 mmHg). These criteria were not met when using the FF measurements. Invasively derived average Ao-brachial abPWV was 7.0 ± 1.4 m/s and that of Ao-tibial atPWV was 9.1 ± 1.8 m/s. Non-invasively estimated PWV based on the reflected wave transit time did not correlate with abPWV or with atPWV. In conclusion, we demonstrate the advantages of a novel method of validation for non-invasive cBP monitoring devices using acknowledged gold standard FFR wire transducers and the possibility to easily measure PWV during coronary angiography with the impact of cardiovascular risk factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Scalia
- Department of Cardiology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Ambroise Paré, 7000 Mons, Belgium
- Department of Cardiology, UMONS Research Institute for Health Sciences and Technology, University of Mons (UMONS), 7000 Mons, Belgium
| | - Chadi Ghafari
- Department of Cardiology, UMONS Research Institute for Health Sciences and Technology, University of Mons (UMONS), 7000 Mons, Belgium
| | - Wivine Navarre
- Faculty of Medicine, Université Libre de Bruxelles, 1070 Bruxelles, Belgium
| | - Philippe Delmotte
- Department of Cardiology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Ambroise Paré, 7000 Mons, Belgium
| | - Rob Phillips
- The School of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane 4072, Australia
| | - Stéphane Carlier
- Department of Cardiology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Ambroise Paré, 7000 Mons, Belgium
- Department of Cardiology, UMONS Research Institute for Health Sciences and Technology, University of Mons (UMONS), 7000 Mons, Belgium
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5
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Arisi TOP, Gorski F, Eibel B, Barbosa E, Boll L, Waclawovsky G, Lehnen AM. Dietary intake of anthocyanins improves arterial stiffness, but not endothelial function, in volunteers with excess weight: A randomized clinical trial. Phytother Res 2023; 37:798-808. [PMID: 36206152 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.7659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2021] [Revised: 09/04/2022] [Accepted: 09/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Excess body weight has been associated with endothelial dysfunction and increased arterial stiffness. Foods rich in polyphenols and anthocyanins such as açaí-juçara (Euterpe edulis Martius) fruit may have protective vascular effects. Thus, we examined the effect of dietary intake of anthocyanins (açaí-juçara fruit) on endothelial function (flow-mediated dilation [FMD]) and arterial stiffness (pulse wave velocity [PWV]) in individuals with excess body weight. Fifty-five individuals with BMI ≥25 kg/m2 were randomized into non-anthocyanin (N-ATH, n = 25) or anthocyanin (ATH, n = 30) intake groups. A 12-week individualized diet plan (20% reduction in total energy intake) was prescribed and included daily intake of açaí-juçara 200 g (anthocyanins 293.6 mg) in the ATH diet plan. We evaluated anthropometric and biochemical parameters, FMD, PWV, and peripheral vascular resistance (PVR). A GEE (Bonferroni post-hoc) was used (p ≤ 0.05). No change in FMD was observed. However, PWV showed a reduction from baseline in the ATH (p = 0.002) and vs. N-ATH (p = 0.036). Both groups showed reduced peripheral vascular resistance (N-ATH, p = 0.005; ATH, p = 0.040) with no significant differences between them. In conclusion, dietary intake of anthocyanins proved effective in protecting against arterial stiffness (by PWV) in individuals with excess weight. PVR was reduced in both diet groups regardless of dietary intake of anthocyanins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tainah O P Arisi
- Institute of Cardiology of Rio Grande do Sul/University Foundation of Cardiology, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Gorski
- Institute of Cardiology of Rio Grande do Sul/University Foundation of Cardiology, Porto Alegre, Brazil.,Federal University of Health Sciences of Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Bruna Eibel
- Institute of Cardiology of Rio Grande do Sul/University Foundation of Cardiology, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Eduardo Barbosa
- Institute of Cardiology of Rio Grande do Sul/University Foundation of Cardiology, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Liliana Boll
- Institute of Cardiology of Rio Grande do Sul/University Foundation of Cardiology, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Gustavo Waclawovsky
- Institute of Cardiology of Rio Grande do Sul/University Foundation of Cardiology, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Alexandre M Lehnen
- Institute of Cardiology of Rio Grande do Sul/University Foundation of Cardiology, Porto Alegre, Brazil
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6
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Gentilin A, Tarperi C, Cevese A, Mattioli AV, Schena F. Estimation of carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity from finger photoplethysmography signal. Physiol Meas 2022; 43. [PMID: 35854400 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6579/ac7a8e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Objective. This project compared a new method to estimate the carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity (cf-PWV) to the gold-standard cf-PWV technique.Approach. The cf-PWV was estimated from the pulse transit time (FPS-PTT) calculated by processing the finger photoplethysmographic signal of Finapres (FPS) and subject's height only (brief mode) as well as along with other variables (age, heart rate, arterial pressure, weight; complete mode). Doppler ultrasound cf-PWVs and FPS-PTTs were measured in 90 participants equally divided into 3 groups (18-30; 31-59; 60-79 years). Predictions were performed using multiple linear regressions (MLR) and with the best regression model identified by using MATLAB Regression Learner App. A validation set approach (60 training datasets, 30 testing datasets; VSA) and leave-one-out cross-validation (LOOCV) were used.Main results. With MLR, the discrepancies were: 0.01 ± 1.21 m s-1(VSA) and 0.001 ± 1.11 m s-1(LOOCV) in brief mode; -0.02 ± 0.83 m s-1(VSA) and 0.001 ± 0.84 m s-1(LOOCV) in complete mode. Using a linear support vector machine model (SVM) in brief mode, the discrepancies were: 0.01 ± 1.19 m s-1(VSA) and -0.01 ± 1.06 m s-1(LOOCV). Using an Exponential Gaussian process regression model (GPR) in complete mode, the discrepancies were: -0.03 ± 0.79 m s-1(VSA) and 0.01 ± 0.75 m s-1(LOOCV).Significance. The cf-PWV can be estimated by processing the FPS-PTT and subjects' height only, but the inclusion of other variables improves the prediction performance. Predictions through MLR qualify as acceptable in both brief and complete modes. Predictions via linear SVM in brief mode improve but still qualify as acceptable. Interestingly, predictions through Exponential GPR in complete mode improve and qualify as excellent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Gentilin
- Department of Neuroscience, Biomedicine, and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Verona, Italy.,Italian Institute for Cardiovascular Research (INRC), Bologna, Italy
| | - Cantor Tarperi
- Department of Neuroscience, Biomedicine, and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Verona, Italy.,Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Antonio Cevese
- Department of Neuroscience, Biomedicine, and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Verona, Italy.,Italian Institute for Cardiovascular Research (INRC), Bologna, Italy
| | - Anna Vittoria Mattioli
- Italian Institute for Cardiovascular Research (INRC), Bologna, Italy.,Surgical, Medical and Dental Department of Morphological Sciences Related to Transplant, Oncology and Regenerative Medicine, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41121 Modena, Italy
| | - Federico Schena
- Department of Neuroscience, Biomedicine, and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Verona, Italy.,Italian Institute for Cardiovascular Research (INRC), Bologna, Italy
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7
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Xiong J, Sun Q, Qian Y, Hu L, Tong Z, Liu J, Liu J. Effects of Patent Ductus Arteriosus on the Hemodynamics of Modified Blalock-Taussig Shunt Based on Patient-Specific Simulation. Front Physiol 2021; 12:707128. [PMID: 34531758 PMCID: PMC8438520 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.707128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2021] [Accepted: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The question of preserving the patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) during the modified Blalock–Taussig shunt (MBTS) procedure remains controversial. The goal of this study was to investigate the effects of the PDA on the flow features of the MBTS to help with preoperative surgery design and postoperative prediction. In this study, a patient with pulmonary atresia and PDA was included. A patient-specific three-dimensional model was reconstructed, and virtual surgeries of shunt insertion and ductus ligation were performed using computer-aided design. Computational fluid dynamics was utilized to analyze the hemodynamic parameters of varied models based on the patient-specific anatomy and physiological data. The preservation of the PDA competitively reduced the shunt flow but increased total pulmonary perfusion. The shunt flow and ductal flow collided, causing significant and complicated turbulence in the pulmonary artery where low wall shear stress, high oscillatory shear index, and high relative residence time were distributed. The highest energy loss was found when the PDA was preserved. The preservation of PDA is not recommended during MBTS procedures because it negatively influences hemodynamics. This may lead to pulmonary overperfusion, inadequate systemic perfusion, and a heavier cardiac burden, thus increasing the risk of heart failure. Also, it seems to bring no benefit in terms of reducing the risk for thrombosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiwen Xiong
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qi Sun
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yi Qian
- Australian School of Advanced Medicine, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Liwei Hu
- Diagnostic Imaging Center, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Virtual Reality of Structural Heart Disease, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhirong Tong
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Virtual Reality of Structural Heart Disease, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.,Institute of Pediatric Translational Medicine, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jinfen Liu
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Virtual Reality of Structural Heart Disease, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jinlong Liu
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Virtual Reality of Structural Heart Disease, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.,Institute of Pediatric Translational Medicine, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
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8
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Yurdadogan T, Malsch C, Kotseva K, Wood D, Leyh R, Ertl G, Karmann W, Müller-Scholden L, Morbach C, Breunig M, Wagner M, Gelbrich G, Bots ML, Heuschmann PU, Störk S. Functional versus morphological assessment of vascular age in patients with coronary heart disease. Sci Rep 2021; 11:18164. [PMID: 34518567 PMCID: PMC8437950 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-96998-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2021] [Accepted: 08/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Communicating cardiovascular risk based on individual vascular age (VA) is a well acknowledged concept in patient education and disease prevention. VA may be derived functionally, e.g. by measurement of pulse wave velocity (PWV), or morphologically, e.g. by assessment of carotid intima-media thickness (cIMT). The purpose of this study was to investigate whether both approaches produce similar results. Within the context of the German subset of the EUROASPIRE IV survey, 501 patients with coronary heart disease underwent (a) oscillometric PWV measurement at the aortic, carotid-femoral and brachial-ankle site (PWVao, PWVcf, PWVba) and derivation of the aortic augmentation index (AIao); (b) bilateral cIMT assessment by high-resolution ultrasound at three sites (common, bulb, internal). Respective VA was calculated using published equations. According to VA derived from PWV, most patients exhibited values below chronological age indicating a counterintuitive healthier-than-anticipated vascular status: for VAPWVao in 68% of patients; for VAAIao in 52% of patients. By contrast, VA derived from cIMT delivered opposite results: e.g. according to VAtotal-cIMT accelerated vascular aging in 75% of patients. To strengthen the concept of VA, further efforts are needed to better standardise the current approaches to estimate VA and, thereby, to improve comparability and clinical utility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tino Yurdadogan
- Comprehensive Heart Failure Center, University and University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany.
| | - Carolin Malsch
- Institute of Clinical Epidemiology and Biometry, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Kornelia Kotseva
- National Institute for Prevention and Cardiovascular Health, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland
| | - David Wood
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Rainer Leyh
- Department of Cardiothoracic and Thoracic Vascular Surgery, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Georg Ertl
- Comprehensive Heart Failure Center, University and University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany.,Department of Internal Medicine I, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Karmann
- Department of Medicine, Klinik Kitzinger Land, Kitzingen, Germany
| | - Lara Müller-Scholden
- Comprehensive Heart Failure Center, University and University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Caroline Morbach
- Comprehensive Heart Failure Center, University and University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Margret Breunig
- Comprehensive Heart Failure Center, University and University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Martin Wagner
- Comprehensive Heart Failure Center, University and University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany.,Institute of Clinical Epidemiology and Biometry, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Götz Gelbrich
- Institute of Clinical Epidemiology and Biometry, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Michiel L Bots
- Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Peter U Heuschmann
- Institute of Clinical Epidemiology and Biometry, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Stefan Störk
- Comprehensive Heart Failure Center, University and University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
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9
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Fiori G, Fuiano F, Scorza A, Conforto S, Sciuto SA. Non-Invasive Methods for PWV Measurement in Blood Vessel Stiffness Assessment. IEEE Rev Biomed Eng 2021; 15:169-183. [PMID: 34166202 DOI: 10.1109/rbme.2021.3092208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
In recent years, statistical studies highlighted an increasing incidence of cardiovascular diseases (CVD) which reflected on additional costs on the healthcare systems worldwide. Pulse wave velocity (PWV) measurement is commonly considered a CVD predictor factor as well as a marker of Arterial Stiffness (AS), since it is closely related to the mechanical characteristics of the arterial wall. An increase in PWV is due to a more rigid arterial system. Because of the prevalence of the elastic component, in young people the PWV is lower than in the elderly. Nowadays, invasive and non-invasive methods for PWV assessment are employed: there is an increasing attention in the development of non-invasive devices which mostly perform a regional PWV measurement (over a long arterial portion) rather than local (over a short arterial portion). The accepted gold-standard for non-invasive AS measurement is the carotid-femoral PWV used to evaluate the arterial damage, the corresponding cardiovascular risk and to adapt the proper therapy. This review article considers the main commercially available devices underlining their operating principles in terms of sensors, execution mode, pulse waveform acquired, site of measurement, distance and time estimation methods, as well as their main limitations in clinical practice.
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10
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Kollet DP, Marenco AB, Bellé NL, Barbosa E, Boll L, Eibel B, Waclawovsky G, Lehnen AM. Aerobic exercise, but not isometric handgrip exercise, improves endothelial function and arterial stiffness in patients with myocardial infarction undergoing coronary intervention: a randomized pilot study. BMC Cardiovasc Disord 2021; 21:101. [PMID: 33596832 PMCID: PMC7887833 DOI: 10.1186/s12872-021-01849-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2020] [Accepted: 01/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Aerobic exercise improves endothelial function and arterial stiffness after myocardial infarction (MI), but the effects of isometric exercise on cardiovascular parameters are still uncertain. We aimed to assess the effects of one session of aerobic or isometric exercise on flow-mediated dilation (FMD) and pulse wave velocity (PWV) in post-MI volunteers undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). Methods Twenty post-MI patients undergoing PCI were randomized to aerobic (AE, n = 10) or isometric (IE, n = 10) exercise groups. We evaluated cardiac structure and function (echocardiographic); carotid plaque presence (ultrasound). FMD and PWV were measured 10 min before and 10 min after the intervention: a single session of moderate-intensity AE (30 min; ratings 12–14 on Borg’s scale or 50–60% HRreserve) or handgrip IE (four two-minute bilateral contractions; 30% maximal voluntary contraction; 1-min rest). Generalized estimating equations (Bonferroni post-hoc) was used to assess differences (p ≤ 0.050). Results FMD improved only in the AE group (Δ = 4.9%; p = 0.034), with no difference between groups after exercise. Even after adjustment (for baseline brachial artery diameter) the effectiveness of AE remained (p = 0.025) with no change in the IE group. PWV was slightly reduced from baseline in the AE group (Δ = 0.61 m/s; p = 0.044), and no difference when compared to the IE group. Peripheral vascular resistance decreased in AE versus IE (p = 0.050) and from baseline (p = 0.014). Conclusions Vascular measurements (FMD and PWV) improved after a single session of AE. There are apparently no benefits following a session of IE. Trial registration http://www.clinicaltrials.gov and ID number NCT04000893.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel P Kollet
- Institute of Cardiology of Rio Grande Do Sul/University Foundation of Cardiology, Unidade de Pesquisa, 3ºAndar, Av. Princesa Isabel, 395 Santana, Porto Alegre, RS, 90620-001, Brazil
| | - Ana Beatriz Marenco
- Institute of Cardiology of Rio Grande Do Sul/University Foundation of Cardiology, Unidade de Pesquisa, 3ºAndar, Av. Princesa Isabel, 395 Santana, Porto Alegre, RS, 90620-001, Brazil
| | - Nathan L Bellé
- Institute of Cardiology of Rio Grande Do Sul/University Foundation of Cardiology, Unidade de Pesquisa, 3ºAndar, Av. Princesa Isabel, 395 Santana, Porto Alegre, RS, 90620-001, Brazil
| | - Eduardo Barbosa
- Institute of Cardiology of Rio Grande Do Sul/University Foundation of Cardiology, Unidade de Pesquisa, 3ºAndar, Av. Princesa Isabel, 395 Santana, Porto Alegre, RS, 90620-001, Brazil
| | - Liliana Boll
- Institute of Cardiology of Rio Grande Do Sul/University Foundation of Cardiology, Unidade de Pesquisa, 3ºAndar, Av. Princesa Isabel, 395 Santana, Porto Alegre, RS, 90620-001, Brazil
| | - Bruna Eibel
- Institute of Cardiology of Rio Grande Do Sul/University Foundation of Cardiology, Unidade de Pesquisa, 3ºAndar, Av. Princesa Isabel, 395 Santana, Porto Alegre, RS, 90620-001, Brazil
| | - Gustavo Waclawovsky
- Institute of Cardiology of Rio Grande Do Sul/University Foundation of Cardiology, Unidade de Pesquisa, 3ºAndar, Av. Princesa Isabel, 395 Santana, Porto Alegre, RS, 90620-001, Brazil
| | - Alexandre Machado Lehnen
- Institute of Cardiology of Rio Grande Do Sul/University Foundation of Cardiology, Unidade de Pesquisa, 3ºAndar, Av. Princesa Isabel, 395 Santana, Porto Alegre, RS, 90620-001, Brazil.
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11
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Terra L, Hooning MJ, Heemskerk-Gerritsen BAM, van Beurden M, Roeters van Lennep JE, van Doorn HC, de Hullu JA, Mom C, van Dorst EBL, Mourits MJE, Slangen BFM, Gaarenstroom KN, Zillikens MC, Leiner T, van der Kolk L, Collee M, Wevers M, Ausems MGEM, van Engelen K, Berger LP, van Asperen CJ, Gomez-Garcia EB, van de Beek I, Rookus MA, Hauptmann M, Bleiker EM, Schagen SB, Aaronson NK, Maas AHEM, van Leeuwen FE. Long-Term Morbidity and Health After Early Menopause Due to Oophorectomy in Women at Increased Risk of Ovarian Cancer: Protocol for a Nationwide Cross-Sectional Study With Prospective Follow-Up (HARMOny Study). JMIR Res Protoc 2021; 10:e24414. [PMID: 33480862 PMCID: PMC7864779 DOI: 10.2196/24414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2020] [Revised: 11/13/2020] [Accepted: 11/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Background BRCA1/2 mutation carriers are recommended to undergo risk-reducing salpingo-oophorectomy (RRSO) at 35 to 45 years of age. RRSO substantially decreases ovarian cancer risk, but at the cost of immediate menopause. Knowledge about the potential adverse effects of premenopausal RRSO, such as increased risk of cardiovascular disease, osteoporosis, cognitive dysfunction, and reduced health-related quality of life (HRQoL), is limited. Objective The aim of this study is to assess the long-term health effects of premenopausal RRSO on cardiovascular disease, bone health, cognitive functioning, urological complaints, sexual functioning, and HRQoL in women with high familial risk of breast or ovarian cancer. Methods We will conduct a multicenter cross-sectional study with prospective follow-up, nested in a nationwide cohort of women at high familial risk of breast or ovarian cancer. A total of 500 women who have undergone RRSO before 45 years of age, with a follow-up period of at least 10 years, will be compared with 250 women (frequency matched on current age) who have not undergone RRSO or who have undergone RRSO at over 55 years of age. Participants will complete an online questionnaire on lifestyle, medical history, cardiovascular risk factors, osteoporosis, cognitive function, urological complaints, and HRQoL. A full cardiovascular assessment and assessment of bone mineral density will be performed. Blood samples will be obtained for marker analysis. Cognitive functioning will be assessed objectively with an online neuropsychological test battery. Results This study was approved by the institutional review board in July 2018. In February 2019, we included our first participant. As of November 2020, we had enrolled 364 participants in our study. Conclusions Knowledge from this study will contribute to counseling women with a high familial risk of breast/ovarian cancer about the long-term health effects of premenopausal RRSO. The results can also be used to offer health recommendations after RRSO. Trial Registration ClinicalTrials.gov NCT03835793; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03835793. International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID) DERR1-10.2196/24414
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Affiliation(s)
- Lara Terra
- Department of Psychosocial Research and Epidemiology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Maartje J Hooning
- Department of Medical Oncology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | | | - Marc van Beurden
- Department of Gynaecology, Antoni van Leeuwenhoek, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | | | - Helena C van Doorn
- Department for Gynaecologic Oncology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Joanne A de Hullu
- Department for Gynaecology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Constantijne Mom
- Department of Gynaecology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Eleonora B L van Dorst
- Department for Gynaecologic Oncology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Marian J E Mourits
- Department for Gynaecologic Oncology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Brigitte F M Slangen
- Department for Gynaecology, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Katja N Gaarenstroom
- Department of Gynaecology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - M Carola Zillikens
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Tim Leiner
- Department Radiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Lizet van der Kolk
- Family Cancer Clinic, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Margriet Collee
- Department for Clinical Genetics, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Marijke Wevers
- Department for Clinical Genetics, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Margreet G E M Ausems
- Division of Laboratories, Pharmacy and Biomedical Genetics, Department of Genetics, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Klaartje van Engelen
- Department for Clinical Genetics, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Vrije University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Lieke Pv Berger
- Department of Genetics, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Christi J van Asperen
- Department for Clinical Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | | | - Irma van de Beek
- Department for Clinical Genetics, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Matti A Rookus
- Department of Psychosocial Research and Epidemiology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Michael Hauptmann
- Brandenburg Medical School Theodor Fontane, Institute of Biostatistics and Registry Research, Neuruppin, Germany
| | - Eveline M Bleiker
- Department of Psychosocial Research and Epidemiology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Sanne B Schagen
- Department of Psychosocial Research and Epidemiology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Neil K Aaronson
- Department of Psychosocial Research and Epidemiology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Angela H E M Maas
- Department of Cardiology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Flora E van Leeuwen
- Department of Psychosocial Research and Epidemiology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, Netherlands
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12
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Obeid H, Fortier C, Garneau CA, Pare M, Boutouyrie P, Bruno RM, Khettab H, Goupil R, Agharazii M. Radial-digital pulse wave velocity: a noninvasive method for assessing stiffness of small conduit arteries. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2021; 320:H1361-H1369. [PMID: 33481697 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00551.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Pulse wave velocity (PWV) is used to evaluate regional stiffness of large and medium-sized arteries. Here, we examine the feasibility and reliability of radial-digital PWV (RD-PWV) as a measure of regional stiffness of small conduit arteries and its response to changes in hydrostatic pressure. In 29 healthy subjects, we used Complior Analyse piezoelectric probes to record arterial pulse wave at the radial artery and the tip of the index. We determined transit time by second-derivative and intersecting tangents using the device-embedded algorithms and in-house MATLAB-based analyses of only reliable waves and by numerical simulation using a one-dimensional (1-D) arterial tree model coupled with a heart model. Second-derivative RD-PWV was 4.68 ± 1.18, 4.69 ± 1.21, and 4.32 ± 1.19 m/s for device-embedded, MATLAB-based, and numerical simulation analyses, respectively. Intersecting-tangent RD-PWV was 4.73 ± 1.20, 4.45 ± 1.08, and 4.50 ± 0.84 m/s for device-embedded, MATLAB-based, and numerical simulation analyses, respectively. Intersession coefficients of variation were 7.0% ± 4.9% and 3.2% ± 1.9% (P = 0.04) for device-embedded and MATLAB-based second-derivative algorithms, respectively. In 15 subjects, we examined the response of RD-PWV to changes in local hydrostatic pressure by vertical displacement of the hand. For an increase of 10 mmHg in local hydrostatic pressure, RD-PWV increased by 0.28 m/s (95% confidence interval: 0.16-0.40; P < 0.001). This study shows that RD-PWV can be used for the noninvasive assessment of regional stiffness of small conduit arteries. This finding allows for an integrated approach for assessing arterial stiffness gradient from the aorta to medium-sized arteries and now to small conduit arteries.NEW & NOTEWORTHY The interaction between the stiffness of various arterial segments is important in understanding the behavior of pressure and flow waves along the arterial tree. In this article, we provide a novel and noninvasive method of assessing the regional stiffness of small conduit arteries using the same piezoelectric sensors used for determination of pulse wave velocity over large- and medium-sized arteries. This development allows for an integrated approach for studying arterial stiffness gradient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hasan Obeid
- CHU de Québec-Université Laval Research Center, L'Hôtel-Dieu de Québec Hospital, Québec City, Québec, Canada.,Division of Nephrology, Department of medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, Québec City, Québec, Canada.,INSERM-U970, Paris Cardiovascular Research Center, Paris, France.,AP-HP, Pharmacology Unit, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Catherine Fortier
- CHU de Québec-Université Laval Research Center, L'Hôtel-Dieu de Québec Hospital, Québec City, Québec, Canada.,Division of Nephrology, Department of medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, Québec City, Québec, Canada.,INSERM-U970, Paris Cardiovascular Research Center, Paris, France.,AP-HP, Pharmacology Unit, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Charles-Antoine Garneau
- CHU de Québec-Université Laval Research Center, L'Hôtel-Dieu de Québec Hospital, Québec City, Québec, Canada.,Division of Nephrology, Department of medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, Québec City, Québec, Canada
| | - Mathilde Pare
- CHU de Québec-Université Laval Research Center, L'Hôtel-Dieu de Québec Hospital, Québec City, Québec, Canada.,Division of Nephrology, Department of medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, Québec City, Québec, Canada
| | - Pierre Boutouyrie
- INSERM-U970, Paris Cardiovascular Research Center, Paris, France.,AP-HP, Pharmacology Unit, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Rosa Maria Bruno
- INSERM-U970, Paris Cardiovascular Research Center, Paris, France.,AP-HP, Pharmacology Unit, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Hakim Khettab
- INSERM-U970, Paris Cardiovascular Research Center, Paris, France.,AP-HP, Pharmacology Unit, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Rémi Goupil
- Centre de recherche de l'Hôpital du Sacré-Coeur de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Mohsen Agharazii
- CHU de Québec-Université Laval Research Center, L'Hôtel-Dieu de Québec Hospital, Québec City, Québec, Canada.,Division of Nephrology, Department of medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, Québec City, Québec, Canada
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13
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Noninvasive estimation of aortic hemodynamics and cardiac contractility using machine learning. Sci Rep 2020; 10:15015. [PMID: 32929108 PMCID: PMC7490416 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-72147-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2020] [Accepted: 08/13/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiac and aortic characteristics are crucial for cardiovascular disease detection. However, noninvasive estimation of aortic hemodynamics and cardiac contractility is still challenging. This paper investigated the potential of estimating aortic systolic pressure (aSBP), cardiac output (CO), and end-systolic elastance (Ees) from cuff-pressure and pulse wave velocity (PWV) using regression analysis. The importance of incorporating ejection fraction (EF) as additional input for estimating Ees was also assessed. The models, including Random Forest, Support Vector Regressor, Ridge, Gradient Boosting, were trained/validated using synthetic data (n = 4,018) from an in-silico model. When cuff-pressure and PWV were used as inputs, the normalized-RMSEs/correlations for aSBP, CO, and Ees (best-performing models) were 3.36 ± 0.74%/0.99, 7.60 ± 0.68%/0.96, and 16.96 ± 0.64%/0.37, respectively. Using EF as additional input for estimating Ees significantly improved the predictions (7.00 ± 0.78%/0.92). Results showed that the use of noninvasive pressure measurements allows estimating aSBP and CO with acceptable accuracy. In contrast, Ees cannot be predicted from pressure signals alone. Addition of the EF information greatly improves the estimated Ees. Accuracy of the model-derived aSBP compared to in-vivo aSBP (n = 783) was very satisfactory (5.26 ± 2.30%/0.97). Future in-vivo evaluation of CO and Ees estimations remains to be conducted. This novel methodology has potential to improve the noninvasive monitoring of aortic hemodynamics and cardiac contractility.
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14
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Braam B, Lai CF, Abinader J, Bello AK. Extracellular fluid volume expansion, arterial stiffness and uncontrolled hypertension in patients with chronic kidney disease. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2020; 35:1393-1398. [PMID: 30805651 DOI: 10.1093/ndt/gfz020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2018] [Accepted: 01/14/2019] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hypertension is prevalent in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) and is related to extracellular fluid volume (ECFV) expansion. Arterial stiffening is another implication of CKD that can be caused by ECFV expansion. In this study, we hypothesized that CKD patients with uncontrolled hypertension are more likely to be fluid volume expanded than normotensive patients, which in turn is associated with increased arterial stiffness. METHODS Adult hypertensive patients with mild-severe CKD (n = 82) were recruited. ECFV was assessed using multifrequency bioimpedance and arterial stiffness by applanation tonometry and oscillometry. RESULTS Patients with uncontrolled hypertension had fluid volume expansion compared with controls (1.0 ± 1.5 versus 0.0 ± 1.6 L, P < 0.001), and had a higher augmentation index (AIx) and pulse wave velocity. Fluid volume expansion was more prevalent in patients with uncontrolled hypertension (58%) than patients who were at target (27%). Fluid volume expansion was correlated with age, AIx and systolic blood pressure. In a binary logistic regression analysis, AIx, age and fluid volume status were independent predictors of uncontrolled hypertension in both univariate and multivariate models. DISCUSSION In summary, uncontrolled hypertension among hypertensive CKD patients is associated with ECFV expansion. Our data suggest a relationship between ECFV expansion, increased arterial stiffness and uncontrolled hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Branko Braam
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.,Department of Physiology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Chung Foon Lai
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Joseph Abinader
- Department of Physiology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Aminu K Bello
- Department of Physiology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
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15
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Abstract
Despite the wide recognition of larger artery stiffness as a highly clinically relevant and independent prognostic biomarker, it has yet be incorporated into routine clinical practice and to take a more prominent position in clinical guidelines. An important reason may be the plethora of methods and devices claiming to measure arterial stiffness in humans. This brief review provides a concise overview of methods in use, indicating strengths and weaknesses. We classified and graded methods, highly weighing their scrutiny and purity in quantifying arterial stiffness, rather than focusing on their ease of application or the level at which methods have demonstrated their prognostic and diagnostic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Segers
- From the Biofluid, Tissue, and Solid Mechanics for Medical Applications, IBiTech Ghent (P.S.), University of Ghent, Belgium
| | - Ernst R Rietzschel
- Departments of Cardiology, Biobanking, and Cardiovascular Epidemiology (E.R.R.), University of Ghent, Belgium
- Ghent University Hospital, Belgium (E.R.R.)
| | - Julio A Chirinos
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, PA (J.A.C.)
- University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, PA (J.A.C.)
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16
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Zemtsovskaja G, Pilt K, Samarin A, Abina J, Meigas K, Viigimaa M. Construction of gender-specific regression models for aortic length estimation based on computed tomography images. HEALTH AND TECHNOLOGY 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s12553-019-00391-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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17
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Charlton PH, Mariscal Harana J, Vennin S, Li Y, Chowienczyk P, Alastruey J. Modeling arterial pulse waves in healthy aging: a database for in silico evaluation of hemodynamics and pulse wave indexes. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2019; 317:H1062-H1085. [PMID: 31442381 PMCID: PMC6879924 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00218.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2019] [Revised: 07/09/2019] [Accepted: 07/28/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The arterial pulse wave (PW) is a rich source of information on cardiovascular (CV) health. It is widely measured by both consumer and clinical devices. However, the physical determinants of the PW are not yet fully understood, and the development of PW analysis algorithms is limited by a lack of PW data sets containing reference CV measurements. Our aim was to create a database of PWs simulated by a computer to span a range of CV conditions, representative of a sample of healthy adults. The typical CV properties of 25-75 yr olds were identified through a literature review. These were used as inputs to a computational model to simulate PWs for subjects of each age decade. Pressure, flow velocity, luminal area, and photoplethysmographic PWs were simulated at common measurement sites, and PW indexes were extracted. The database, containing PWs from 4,374 virtual subjects, was verified by comparing the simulated PWs and derived indexes with corresponding in vivo data. Good agreement was observed, with well-reproduced age-related changes in hemodynamic parameters and PW morphology. The utility of the database was demonstrated through case studies providing novel hemodynamic insights, in silico assessment of PW algorithms, and pilot data to inform the design of clinical PW algorithm assessments. In conclusion, the publicly available PW database is a valuable resource for understanding CV determinants of PWs and for the development and preclinical assessment of PW analysis algorithms. It is particularly useful because the exact CV properties that generated each PW are known.NEW & NOTEWORTHY First, a comprehensive literature review of changes in cardiovascular properties with age was performed. Second, an approach for simulating pulse waves (PWs) at different ages was designed and verified against in vivo data. Third, a PW database was created, and its utility was illustrated through three case studies investigating the determinants of PW indexes. Fourth, the database and tools for creating the database, analyzing PWs, and replicating the case studies are freely available.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter H Charlton
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King's College London, King's Health Partners, London, United Kingdom
| | - Jorge Mariscal Harana
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King's College London, King's Health Partners, London, United Kingdom
| | - Samuel Vennin
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King's College London, King's Health Partners, London, United Kingdom
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, King's College London, King's Health Partners, London, United Kingdom
| | - Ye Li
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, King's College London, King's Health Partners, London, United Kingdom
| | - Phil Chowienczyk
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, King's College London, King's Health Partners, London, United Kingdom
| | - Jordi Alastruey
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King's College London, King's Health Partners, London, United Kingdom
- Institute of Personalized Medicine, Sechenov University, Moscow, Russia
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18
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Pereira T, Paulino E, Maximiano S, Rosa M, Pinto AL, Mendes MJ, Brito J, Soares P, Risse J, Gose S. Measurement of arterial stiffness and vascular aging in community pharmacies-The ASINPHAR@2action project. J Clin Hypertens (Greenwich) 2019; 21:813-821. [PMID: 31095865 DOI: 10.1111/jch.13554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2019] [Revised: 03/03/2019] [Accepted: 03/23/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The ASINPHAR@2action project aims at raising awareness to arterial stiffness (AS) and early vascular aging (EVA) through a community pharmacy-based intervention. This preliminary analysis is focused on the analysis of the proportion of participants with increased AS and the identification of its main determinants. We performed an observational cross-sectional study of participants enrolled in 11 community pharmacies in Portugal, between April and November 2017. Blood pressure (BP) and arterial function parameters were measured with a validated device. Clinical and demographic information was gathered, as well as the estimation of global cardiovascular risk, health-related quality of life, and dietary profile. Cholesterol and glycaemia were taken from a recent laboratory bulletin. The cohort includes 658 participants with a mean age of 57.3 ± 16.3 years, 66% women. Brachial BP was 126.6 ± 16.4 mm Hg and 79.9 ± 11.5 mm Hg, and central BP was 115.8 ± 15.4 mm Hg and 81.2 ± 11.6 mm Hg, respectively, for systolic and diastolic BP. Mean pulse wave velocity (PWV) was 8.5 ± 2.3 m/s, and the augmentation index was 23.6 ± 15.6%. The proportion of participants with increased AS was 19.8%. The overall best-fitting model for AS included age, gender, aortic PP, visceral fat, HDL cholesterol, AIx@75, total vascular resistance, hypertension, and diabetes, corresponding to an AUC of 0.910 (CI: 0.883, 0.937; P < 0.001) in the ROC curve analysis. The preliminary results of this pioneering large-scale study measuring arterial function in community pharmacies provide the grounds for the operationalization of subclinical target organ damage screening in pharmacies, as a strategy to improve cardiovascular risk monitoring and to promote adherence to treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Telmo Pereira
- Coimbra Health School, Polytechnic Institute of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
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CardioFAN: open source platform for noninvasive assessment of pulse transit time and pulsatile flow in hyperelastic vascular networks. Biomech Model Mechanobiol 2019; 18:1529-1548. [PMID: 31076923 DOI: 10.1007/s10237-019-01163-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2018] [Accepted: 04/26/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
A profound analysis of pressure and flow wave propagation in cardiovascular systems is the key in noninvasive assessment of hemodynamic parameters. Pulse transit time (PTT), which closely relates to the physical properties of the cardiovascular system, can be linked to variations of blood pressure and stroke volume to provide information for patient-specific clinical diagnostics. In this work, we present mathematical and numerical tools, capable of accurately predicting the PTT, local pulse wave velocity, vessel compliance, and pressure/flow waveforms, in a viscous hyperelastic cardiovascular network. A new one-dimensional framework, entitled cardiovascular flow analysis (CardioFAN), is presented to describe the pulsatile fluid-structure interaction in the hyperelastic arteries, where pertaining hyperbolic equations are solved using a high-resolution total variation diminishing Lax-Wendroff method. The computational algorithm is validated against well-known numerical, in vitro and in vivo data for networks of main human arteries with 55, 37 and 26 segments, respectively. PTT prediction is improved by accounting for hyperelastic nonlinear waves between two arbitrary sections of the arterial tree. Consequently, arterial compliance assignments at each segment are improved in a personalized model of the human aorta and supra-aortic branches with 26 segments, where prior in vivo data were available for comparison. This resulted in a 1.5% improvement in overall predictions of the waveforms, or average relative errors of 5.5% in predicting flow, luminal area and pressure waveforms compared to prior in vivo measurements. The open source software, CardioFAN, can be calibrated for arbitrary patient-specific vascular networks to conduct noninvasive diagnostics.
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20
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Kusche R, Lindenberg AV, Hauschild S, Ryschka M. Aortic Frequency Response Determination via Bioimpedance Plethysmography. IEEE Trans Biomed Eng 2019; 66:3238-3246. [PMID: 30843794 DOI: 10.1109/tbme.2019.2902721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Arterial stiffness is an important marker to predict cardiovascular events. Common measurement techniques to determine the condition of the aorta are limited to the acquisition of the arterial pulse wave at the extremities. The goal of this paper is to enable non-invasive measurements of the aortic pulse wave velocity, instead. An additional aim is to extract further information, related to the conditions of the aorta, from the pulse wave signal instead of only its velocity. METHODS After discussing the problems of common pulse wave analysis procedures, an approach to determine the frequency response of the aorta is presented. Therefore, the aorta is modeled as an electrical equivalent circuit. To determine the specific numeric values of this system, a measurement approach is presented, which is based on non-invasive bioimpedance plethysmography measurements above the aortic arch and at the inguinal region. The conversion of the measurement results to the system parameters is realized by a digital algorithm, which is proposed in this paper as well. To evaluate the approach, a study on three subjects is performed. RESULTS The measurement results demonstrate that the proposed approach yields realistic frequency responses. For better approximation of the aortic system function, more complex models are recommended to investigate in the future. Since this paper is limited to three subjects without a ground truth, further measurements will be necessary. SIGNIFICANCE The proposed approach could solve the problems of current methods to determine the condition of the aorta. Its application is non-invasive, harmless, and easy to execute.
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21
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Kraushaar LE, Dressel A, Massmann A. A novel principled method for the measurement of vascular robustness uncovers hidden risk for premature CVD death. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2018; 125:1931-1943. [DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00016.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The detection of high risk for premature death of cardiovascular disease (CVD) among individuals with low-to-moderate risk factor scores is a major challenge. Systems biology suggests that the vasculature's functional robustness against risk factor challenges may serve as a novel discriminator of mortality risk under similar risk factor loads. However, principled methods to measure vascular robustness are not available. To develop a score for the vasculature's functional robustness we used a recently presented method that applies computational physiological modeling to the quantitation of vascular function. We hypothesized that the expected inverse robustness-mortality association is verifiable as a significant robustness-calendar age trend in a cross-sectional investigation of a population cohort of risk factor-challenged individuals. Using only functional parameters of the cardiovascular system we applied multivariate linear regression to derive from our study population of 372 adults gender-specific multivariate robustness scoring algorithms. For any individual, the deviation of his/her robustness score from the value of the regression function characterizes the deviation of the individual’s fatal CVD event probability from its age-appropriate fatal CVD event probability. Robustness correlated linearly with calendar age in our risk factor-challenged but not in our unchallenged cohorts. This observation supports the hypothesis of preferential elimination of less robust individuals along the aging trajectory under risk factor challenges. We conclude that physiologically principled scoring for vascular robustness may serve as a biomarker of vulnerability to CVD risk factor challenges, prognosticating otherwise undetectable elevated risk for premature CVD mortality. NEW & NOTEWORTHY We developed a principled method for the derivation of a vascular robustness score that we translated into a correction factor for calendar age. We demonstrated the score’s potential to uncover risk for premature cardiovascular death in apparently healthy young adults whose risk elevation remains hidden in conventional risk factor models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lutz E. Kraushaar
- adiphea Alliance for Disease Prevention & Healthy Aging, Werbach, Germany
| | - Alexander Dressel
- CaRe High Cascade Screening and Registry for High Cholesterol, D-A-CH-Gesellschaft Prävention von Herz-Kreislauf-Erkrankungen, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Alexander Massmann
- Clinic of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Saarland University Medical Center, Homburg/Saar, Germany
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22
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Genetic and environmental determinants of longitudinal stability of arterial stiffness and wave reflection: a twin study. J Hypertens 2018; 36:2316-2323. [PMID: 30382956 DOI: 10.1097/hjh.0000000000001869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We aimed at evaluating the impact of genetic and environmental factors on longitudinal changes in aortic pulse wave velocity (aPWV) and aortic augmentation index (aAIx). METHOD Three hundred and sixty-eight Italian and Hungarian adult twins (214 monozygotic, 154 dizygotic) underwent repeated evaluations of aPWV and aAIx (TensioMed Arteriograph). Within-individual/cross-wave, cross-twin/within-wave and cross-twin/cross-wave correlations were calculated; bivariate Cholesky models were fitted to calculate additive genetic (A), shared environmental (C) and unique environmental (E) components. RESULTS For both aPWV and aAIx, cross-twin correlations in monozygotic pairs (r between 0.35 and 0.56) were all significant and always higher than in dizygotic pairs, both at wave 1 and at wave 2. Heritability and unshared environmental proportion of variance at each wave were substantially time-invariant for aPWV (heritability 0.51, 95% CI 0.36-0.63 at wave 1; 0.49, 95% CI 0.34-0.62 at wave 2), whereas for aAIx, we observed a diminished genetic effect (heritability 0.57, 95% CI 0.45-0.67 at wave 1; 0.37, 95% CI 0.21-0.51 at wave 2). Overlapping genetic factors explained a high proportion (0.88, 95% CI 0.61-1.00) of longitudinal covariance for aPWV, and had a relatively lower impact on aAIx (0.55, 95% CI 0.35-0.70). Genetic correlations of aPWV (r = 0.64, 95% CI 0.42-0.85) and aAIx (r = 0.70, 95% CI 0.52-0.87) between waves were lower than 1, suggesting a potential contribution of novel genetic variance on arterial stiffening. CONCLUSION Changes in aPWV and aAIx over time are largely genetically determined. Our results might stimulate further studies on genetic and epigenetic factors influencing the process of vascular ageing.
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Pan Q, Wang R, Reglin B, Fang L, Yan J, Cai G, Kuebler WM, Pries AR, Ning G. Pulse wave velocity in the microcirculation reflects both vascular compliance and resistance: Insights from computational approaches. Microcirculation 2018; 25:e12458. [PMID: 29729094 DOI: 10.1111/micc.12458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2017] [Accepted: 04/26/2018] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE PWV is the speed of pulse wave propagation through the circulatory system. mPWV emerges as a novel indicator of hypertension, yet it remains unclear how different vascular properties affect mPWV. We aim to identify the biomechanical determinants of mPWV. METHODS A 1D model was used to simulate PWV in a rat mesenteric microvascular network and, for comparison, in a human macrovascular arterial network. Sensitivity analysis was performed to assess the relationship between PWV and vascular compliance and resistance. RESULTS The 1D model enabled adequate simulation of PWV in both micro- and macrovascular networks. Simulated arterial PWV changed as a function of vascular compliance but not resistance, in that arterial PWV varied at a rate of 0.30 m/s and -6.18 × 10-3 m/s per 10% increase in vascular compliance and resistance, respectively. In contrast, mPWV depended on both vascular compliance and resistance, as it varied at a rate of 2.79 and -2.64 cm/s per 10% increase in the respective parameters. CONCLUSIONS The present study identifies vascular compliance and resistance in microvascular networks as critical determinants of mPWV. We anticipate that mPWV can be utilized as an effective indicator for the assessment of microvascular biomechanical properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Pan
- College of Information Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ruofan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering of MOE, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Bettina Reglin
- Institute of Physiology, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Luping Fang
- College of Information Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jing Yan
- Department of ICU, Zhejiang Hospital, Hangzhou, China
| | - Guolong Cai
- Department of ICU, Zhejiang Hospital, Hangzhou, China
| | - Wolfgang M Kuebler
- Institute of Physiology, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Axel R Pries
- Institute of Physiology, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Deutsches Herzzentrum Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Gangmin Ning
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering of MOE, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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Hartog R, Bolignano D, Sijbrands E, Pucci G, Mattace-Raso F. Short-term vascular hemodynamic responses to isometric exercise in young adults and in the elderly. Clin Interv Aging 2018; 13:509-514. [PMID: 29662306 PMCID: PMC5892960 DOI: 10.2147/cia.s151984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Vascular aging is known to induce progressive stiffening of the large elastic arteries, altering vascular hemodynamics under both rest and stress conditions. In this study, we aimed to investigate changes in vascular hemodynamics in response to isometric handgrip exercise across ages. Participants and methods We included 62 participants, who were divided into three age categories: 20–40 (n=22), 41–60 (n=20), and 61–80 (n=20) years. Vascular hemodynamics were measured using the Mobil-o-Graph® based on the pulsatile pressure changes in the brachial artery. One-way ANOVA test was performed to analyze the changes induced by isometric handgrip exercise. Results After isometric handgrip exercise, aortic pulse wave velocity (PWV) increased by 0.10 m/s in the youngest, 0.06 m/s in the middle-age, and 0.02 m/s in the oldest age category. Changes in PWV strongly correlated with those in central systolic blood pressure (cSBP) (r=0.878, P<0.01). After isometric exercise, the mean change of systolic blood pressure (SBP) was −1.9% in the youngest, 0.6% in the middle-aged, and 8.2% in the oldest subjects. Increasing handgrip strength was associated with an increase in SBP and cSBP (1.08 and 1.37 mmHg per 1 kg increase in handgrip strength, respectively, P=0.01). Finally, PWV was significantly associated with increasing handgrip strength with an increase of 0.05 m/s per 1 kg higher handgrip strength (P=0.01). Conclusion This study found increased blood pressure levels after isometric challenge and a strong association between handgrip strength and change in blood pressure levels and aortic stiffness in elderly subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renee Hartog
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Davide Bolignano
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands.,Institute of Clinical Physiology, Italian National Council of Research, Reggio Calabria, Italy
| | - Eric Sijbrands
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Giacomo Pucci
- Department of Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy.,Unit of Internal Medicine, Terni University Hospital, Terni, Italy
| | - Francesco Mattace-Raso
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
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Kraushaar LE, Dressel A. The cardiovascular robustness hypothesis: Unmasking young adults' hidden risk for premature cardiovascular death. Med Hypotheses 2018; 112:51-59. [PMID: 29447939 DOI: 10.1016/j.mehy.2018.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2017] [Revised: 01/02/2018] [Accepted: 01/13/2018] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
An undetected high risk for premature death of cardiovascular disease (CVD) among individuals with low-to-moderate risk factor levels is an acknowledged obstacle to CVD prevention. In this paper, we present the hypothesis that the vasculature's robustness against risk factor load will complement conventional risk factor models as a novel stratifier of risk. Figuratively speaking, mortality risk prediction without robustness scoring is akin to predicting the breaking risk of a lake's ice sheet considering load only while disregarding the sheet's bearing strength. Taking the cue from systems biology, which defines robustness as the ability to maintain function against internal and external challenges, we develop a robustness score from the physical parameters that comprehensively quantitate cardiovascular function. We derive the functional parameters using a recently introduced novel system, VascAssist 2 (iSYMED GmbH, Butzbach, Germany). VascAssist 2 (VA) applies the electronic-hydraulic analogy to a digital model of the arterial tree, replicating non-invasively acquired pule pressure waves by modulating the electronic equivalents of the physical parameters that describe in vivo arterial hemodynamics. As the latter is also subject to aging-associated degeneration which (a) progresses at inter-individually different rates, and which (b) affects the biomarker-mortality association, we express the robustness score as a correction factor to calendar age (CA), the dominant risk factor in all CVD risk factor models. We then propose a method for the validation of the score against known time-to-event data in reference populations. Our conceptualization of robustness implies that risk factor-challenged individuals with low robustness scores will face preferential elimination from the population resulting in a significant robustness-CA correlation in this strata absent in the unchallenged stratum. Hence, we also present an outline of a cross-sectional study design suitable to test this hypothesis. We finally discuss the objections that may validly be raised against our robustness hypothesis, and how available evidence encourages us to refute these objections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lutz E Kraushaar
- adiphea Alliance for Disease Prevention & Healthy Aging GmbH, Bad Nauheim, Germany.
| | - Alexander Dressel
- CaRe High Cascade Screening and Registry for High Cholesterol, D-A-CH-Gesellschaft Prävention von Herz-Kreislauf-Erkrankungen e.V., Am Exerzierplatz 23, 68167 Mannheim, Germany
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26
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Obeid H, Soulat G, Mousseaux E, Laurent S, Stergiopulos N, Boutouyrie P, Segers P. Numerical assessment and comparison of pulse wave velocity methods aiming at measuring aortic stiffness. Physiol Meas 2017; 38:1953-1967. [PMID: 28968226 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6579/aa905a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Pulse waveform analyses have become established components of cardiovascular research. Recently several methods have been proposed as tools to measure aortic pulse wave velocity (aPWV). The carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity (cf-PWV), the current clinical gold standard method for the noninvasive assessment of aPWV, uses the carotid-to-femoral pulse transit time difference (cf-PTT) and an estimated path length to derive cf-PWV. OBJECTIVE The heart-ankle PWV (ha-PWV), brachial-ankle PWV (ba-PWV) and finger-toe (ft-PWV) are also methods presuming to approximate aPWV based on time delays between physiological cardiovascular signals at two locations (~heart-ankle PTT, ha-PTT; ~brachial-ankle PTT, ba-PTT; ~finger-toe PTT, ft-PTT) and a path length typically derived from the subject's height. To test the validity of these methods, we used a detailed 1D arterial network model (143 arterial segments) including the foot and hand circulation. APPROACH The arterial tree dimensions and properties were taken from the literature and completed with data from patient scans. We calculated PTTs with all the methods mentioned above. The calculated PTTs were compared with the aortic PTT (aPTT), which is considered as the absolute reference method in this study. MAIN RESULTS The correlation between methods and aPTT was good and significant, cf-PTT (R 2 = 0.97; P < 0.001; mean difference 5 ± 2 ms), ha-PTT (R 2 = 0.96; P < 0.001; 150 ± 23 ms), ba-PTT (R 2 = 0.96; P < 0.001; 70 ± 13 ms) and ft-PTT (R 2 = 0.95; P < 0.001; 14 ± 10 ms). Consequently, good correlation was also observed for the PWV values derived with the tested methods, but absolute values differed because of the different path lengths used. SIGNIFICANCE In conclusion, our computer model-based analyses demonstrate that for PWV methods based on peripheral signals, pulse transit time differences closely correlate with the aortic transit time, supporting the use of these methods in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hasan Obeid
- bioMMeda, Institute Biomedical Technology, Ghent University, Campus UZ, De Pintelaan 185, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium. Inserm U970, Paris-Descartes University, Paris, France
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27
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Butlin M, Tan I, Avolio AP. PWPSim: A new simulation tool of pulse wave propagation in the human arterial tree. ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE OF THE IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY. IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY. ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE 2017; 2017:3672-3675. [PMID: 29060695 DOI: 10.1109/embc.2017.8037654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Hemodynamic simulation enhances investigations of pulse wave propagation phenomena and enables validation of new methods of pulse wave analysis. However, such simulation systems or tools are not readily available nor easily accessible. In this study, a new simulation tool of pulse wave propagation in the human arterial tree was developed based on a transmission line model (TLM). This paper describes the theory of TLM of the human arterial tree used by this simulation. The results are a display of the main functions and simulation results of this tool. This tool allows simulation of pulse wave propagation with capability to change the range of parameters, such as heart rate, mean flow and left ventricular ejection time, body height, arterial radius and wall thickness, arterial viscoelasticity, peripheral resistance and compliance. It also accounts for the nonlinear elasticity of arteries. The simulation results are displayed as 2D and 3D figures of blood pressure and flow waveforms, input impedance and pressure transfer function between aorta and femoral artery, including systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, pulse pressure, carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity, brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity and ankle-brachial index. It is a useful and interactive simulation tool of pulse wave propagation in the systematic arterial tree.
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28
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Vanderschuren MM, Uiterwaal CS, van der Ent CK, Eising JB. Feasibility and characteristics of arterial stiffness measurement in preschool children. Eur J Prev Cardiol 2017; 24:1895-1902. [PMID: 28728487 PMCID: PMC5680906 DOI: 10.1177/2047487317721979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Background Arterial stiffness is an important predictor of cardiovascular risk in adult life. Increased arterial stiffness can also be present in children and may be associated with several other cardiovascular risk factors. Until now, however, we know little about measuring arterial stiffness in preschool children. In this study, we assessed the feasibility of measuring arterial stiffness in preschool children and explored possible determinants related to arterial stiffness at this age. Methods We studied 168 healthy children, aged 3.3–4.1 years, who were recruited from a prospective birth cohort. We measured arterial stiffness, expressed in aortic pulse wave velocity and augmentation index, using a non-invasive oscillometric device (Arteriograph). We measured anthropometry and recorded other determinants using a questionnaire. Results In 100 children (59.5%) at least one valid arterial stiffness measurement was obtained. Of these infants, 89 had at least two valid measurements and 73 infants had at least three valid measurements. The mean aortic pulse wave velocity was 5.56 m/s (SD 0.77), and the mean augmentation index of the aorta was 19.7 m/s (SD 7.0). The augmentation index was significantly inversely associated with body height, with a regression coefficient of –0.78 (m/s)/cm (95% confidence interval –1.13 to –0.42). The augmentation index was not significantly associated with age, sex or (birth) weight. Conclusion The feasibility of measuring arterial stiffness in preschool children using the Arteriograph is moderate. We identified height as the most important determinant of the augmentation index in preschool children.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Cuno Spm Uiterwaal
- 2 Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | | | - Jacobien B Eising
- 1 Wilhelmina Children's Hospital, University Medical Center Utrecht, the Netherlands
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Effects of cardiac timing and peripheral resistance on measurement of pulse wave velocity for assessment of arterial stiffness. Sci Rep 2017; 7:5990. [PMID: 28729696 PMCID: PMC5519778 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-05807-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2017] [Accepted: 06/05/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
To investigate the effects of heart rate (HR), left ventricular ejection time (LVET) and wave reflection on arterial stiffness as assessed by pulse wave velocity (PWV), a pulse wave propagation simulation system (PWPSim) based on the transmission line model of the arterial tree was developed and was applied to investigate pulse wave propagation. HR, LVET, arterial elastic modulus and peripheral resistance were increased from 60 to 100 beats per minute (bpm), 0.1 to 0.45 seconds, 0.5 to 1.5 times and 0.5 to 1.5 times of the normal value, respectively. Carotid-femoral PWV (cfPWV) and brachial-ankle PWV (baPWV) were calculated by intersecting tangent method (cfPWVtan and baPWVtan), maximum slope (cfPWVmax and baPWVmax), and using the Moens-Korteweg equation ([Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text]). Results showed cfPWV and baPWV increased significantly with arterial elastic modulus but did not increase with HR when using a constant elastic modulus. However there were significant LVET dependencies of cfPWVtan and baPWVtan (0.17 ± 0.13 and 0.17 ± 0.08 m/s per 50 ms), and low peripheral resistance dependencies of cfPWVtan, cfPWVmax, baPWVtan and baPWVmax (0.04 ± 0.01, 0.06 ± 0.04, 0.06 ± 0.03 and 0.09 ± 0.07 m/s per 10% peripheral resistance), respectively. This study demonstrated that LVET dominates the effect on calculated PWV compared to HR and peripheral resistance when arterial elastic modulus is constant.
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Vogrin B, Slak Rupnik M, Mičetić-Turk D. Increased augmentation index and central systolic arterial pressure are associated with lower school and motor performance in young adolescents. J Int Med Res 2017; 45:1892-1900. [PMID: 28703627 PMCID: PMC5805191 DOI: 10.1177/0300060516678717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective In adults, improper arterial function has been linked to cognitive
impairment. The pulse wave velocity (PWV), augmentation index (AIx) and
other vascular parameters are useful indicators of arterial health. In our
study, we monitored arterial properties, body constitution, school success,
and motor skills in young adolescents. We hypothesize that reduced cognitive
and motor abilities have a vascular origin in children. Methods We analysed 81 healthy school children aged 11–16 years. Anthropometry
central systolic arterial pressure, body mass index (BMI), standard
deviation scores (SDS) BMI, general school performance grade, and eight
motor tests were assessed. PWV, AIx, and central systolic arterial pressure
(SBPao) were measured. Results AIx and SBPao correlated negatively with school performance grades. Extremely
high AIx, PWV and SBPao values were observed in 5% of children and these
children had average to low school performance. PWV correlated significantly
with weight, height, and waist and hip circumference. AIx, PWV, school
success, and BMI correlated strongly with certain motor functions. Conclusions Increased AIx and SBPao are associated with lower school and motor
performance in children. PWV is influenced by the body’s constitution.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Marjan Slak Rupnik
- 2 Institute of Physiology, Medical faculty, University of Maribor, Slovenia.,4 Center of physiology and pharmacology, Medical University Vienna, Austria
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Successful prediction of cardiovascular risk by new non-invasive vascular indexes using suprasystolic cuff oscillometric waveform analysis. J Cardiol 2017; 69:30-37. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jjcc.2016.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2016] [Revised: 06/03/2016] [Accepted: 06/13/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Baranova TI, Berlov DN, Glotov OS, Korf EA, Minigalin AD, Mitrofanova AV, Ahmetov II, Glotov AS. Genetic determination of the vascular reactions in humans in response to the diving reflex. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2016; 312:H622-H631. [PMID: 27923785 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00080.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2016] [Revised: 11/22/2016] [Accepted: 11/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to investigate the genetic mechanisms of the defense vascular reactions in response to the diving reflex in humans with polymorphisms in the genes ADBR2, ACE, AGTR1, BDKRB2, and REN We hypothesized that protective vascular reactions, in response to the diving reflex, are genetically determined and are distinguished in humans with gene polymorphisms of the renin-angiotensin and kinin-bradykinin system. A total of 80 subjects (19 ± 1.4 yr) participated in the study. The intensity of the vascular response was estimated using photoplethysmogram. The I/D polymorphism (rs4340) of ACE was analyzed by PCR. REN (G/A, rs2368564), AGTR1 (A/C, rs5186), BDKRB2 (T/C, rs1799722), and ADBR2 (A/G, rs1042713) polymorphisms were examined using the two-step multiplex PCR followed by carrying allele hybridization on the biochip. Subjects with the BDKRB2 (C/C), ACE (D/D), and ADBR2 (G/G, G/A) genotypes exhibited the strongest peripheral vasoconstriction in response to diving. In subjects with a combination of the BDKRB2 (C/C) plus ACE (D/D) genotypes, we observed the lowest pulse wave amplitude and pulse transit time values and the highest arterial blood pressure during face immersion compared with the heterozygous individuals, suggesting that these subjects are more susceptible to diving hypoxia. This study observed that humans with gene polymorphisms of the renin-angiotensin and kinin-bradykinin systems demonstrate various expressions of protective vascular reactions in response to the diving reflex. The obtained results might be used in estimation of resistance to hypoxia of any origin in human beings or in a medical practice.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Our study demonstrates that the vascular reactions in response to the diving reflex are genetically determined and depend on gene polymorphisms of the kinin-bradykinin and the renin-angiotensin systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatiana I Baranova
- Department of General Physiology, Saint Petersburg State University, Saint Petersburg, Russia;
| | - Dmitrii N Berlov
- Department of General Physiology, Saint Petersburg State University, Saint Petersburg, Russia.,ITMO University, Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - Oleg S Glotov
- Biobank of the Research Park, Saint Petersburg State University, Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - Ekaterina A Korf
- Department of General Physiology, Saint Petersburg State University, Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - Alexey D Minigalin
- Department of General Physiology, Saint Petersburg State University, Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - Alla V Mitrofanova
- Katz Drug Discovery Center and Department of Surgery, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida
| | - Ildus I Ahmetov
- Ildus I. Ahmetov Sport Technology Research Center, Volga Region State Academy of Physical Culture, Sport and Tourism, Kazan, Russia; and
| | - Andrey S Glotov
- Biobank of the Research Park, Saint Petersburg State University, Saint Petersburg, Russia
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Oscillometric assessment of arterial stiffness in everyday clinical practice. Hypertens Res 2016; 40:140-145. [DOI: 10.1038/hr.2016.115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2016] [Revised: 06/21/2016] [Accepted: 07/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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Aissopou EK, Argyris AA, Nasothimiou EG, Konstantonis GD, Tampakis K, Tentolouris N, Papathanassiou M, Theodossiadis PG, Papaioannou TG, Stehouwer CDA, Sfikakis PP, Protogerou AD. Ambulatory Aortic Stiffness Is Associated With Narrow Retinal Arteriolar Caliber in Hypertensives: The SAFAR Study. Am J Hypertens 2016; 29:626-33. [PMID: 26304958 DOI: 10.1093/ajh/hpv145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2015] [Accepted: 08/03/2015] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Arterial stiffness measured under static conditions reclassifies significantly cardiovascular (CV) risk and associates with narrower retinal arterioles. However, arterial stiffness exhibits circadian variation, thus single static stiffness recordings do not correspond to the "usual" 24 hr, awake, and asleep average arterial stiffness. We aimed to test the hypothesis that ambulatory 24 hr, awake, and asleep aortic (a) pulse wave velocity (PWV) associate with retinal vessel calibers, independently of confounders and of static arterial stiffness, in hypertensive individuals free from diabetes and CV disease. METHODS Digital retinal images were obtained (181 individuals, age: 53.9±10.7 years, 55.2% men) and retinal vessel calibers were measured with validated software to determine central retinal arteriolar and venular equivalents (CRAE and CRVE, respectively); ambulatory (24 hr, awake, asleep) and static office aPWV were estimated by Mobil-O-Graph; and static office carotid to femoral (cf) PWV by SphygmoCor. RESULTS Regression analysis performed in 320 gradable retinal images showed that, after adjustment for confounders: (i) ambulatory aPWV was significantly associated with narrower retinal arterioles but not with venules; (ii) asleep aPWV had stronger associations with CRAE than awake aPWV; (iii) both ambulatory aPWV and cfPWV were associated mutually independently with narrower retinal arterioles; aPWV introduction in the model of cfPWV, improved model's R2 (P = 0.012). Similar discriminatory ability of 24 hr aPWV and of cfPWV to detect the presence of retinal arteriolar narrowing was found. CONCLUSION Ambulatory aPWV, estimated by an operator-independent method, provides additional information to cfPWV regarding the associations of arterial stiffness with the retinal vessel calibers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evaggelia K Aissopou
- Hypertension Unit and Cardiovascular Research Laboratory, 1st Department of Propaedeutic Internal Medicine, Laiko Hospital, Athens, Greece;
| | - Antoniοs A Argyris
- Hypertension Unit and Cardiovascular Research Laboratory, 1st Department of Propaedeutic Internal Medicine, Laiko Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Efthimia G Nasothimiou
- Hypertension Unit and Cardiovascular Research Laboratory, 1st Department of Propaedeutic Internal Medicine, Laiko Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - George D Konstantonis
- Hypertension Unit and Cardiovascular Research Laboratory, 1st Department of Propaedeutic Internal Medicine, Laiko Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Kostas Tampakis
- Hypertension Unit and Cardiovascular Research Laboratory, 1st Department of Propaedeutic Internal Medicine, Laiko Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Nikolaos Tentolouris
- Hypertension Unit and Cardiovascular Research Laboratory, 1st Department of Propaedeutic Internal Medicine, Laiko Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | | | | | - Theodoros G Papaioannou
- Biomedical Engineering Unit, 1st Department of Cardiology, Hippokration Hospital, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Coen D A Stehouwer
- Department of Medicine, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, The Netherlands; Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Petros P Sfikakis
- Hypertension Unit and Cardiovascular Research Laboratory, 1st Department of Propaedeutic Internal Medicine, Laiko Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Athanassios D Protogerou
- Hypertension Unit and Cardiovascular Research Laboratory, 1st Department of Propaedeutic Internal Medicine, Laiko Hospital, Athens, Greece; Department of Medicine, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, The Netherlands; Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, The Netherlands
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Guan D, Liang F, Gremaud PA. Comparison of the Windkessel model and structured-tree model applied to prescribe outflow boundary conditions for a one-dimensional arterial tree model. J Biomech 2016; 49:1583-1592. [PMID: 27062594 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiomech.2016.03.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2016] [Revised: 03/18/2016] [Accepted: 03/23/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
One-dimensional (1D) modeling is a widely adopted approach for studying wave propagation phenomena in the arterial system. Despite the frequent use of the Windkessel (WK) model to prescribe outflow boundary conditions for 1D arterial tree models, it remains unclear to what extent the inherent limitation of the WK model in describing wave propagation in distal vasculatures affect hemodynamic variables simulated at the arterial level. In the present study, a 1D model of the arterial tree was coupled respectively with a WK boundary model and a structured-tree (ST) boundary model, yielding two types of arterial tree models. The effective resistances, compliances and inductances of the WK and ST boundary models were matched to facilitate quantitative comparisons. Obtained results showed that pressure/flow waves simulated by the two models were comparable in the aorta, whereas, their discrepancies increased towards the periphery. Wave analysis revealed that the differences in reflected waves generated by the boundary models were the major sources of pressure wave discrepancies observed in large arteries. Additional simulations performed under aging conditions demonstrated that arterial stiffening with age enlarged the discrepancies, but with the effects being partly counteracted by physiological aortic dilatation with age. These findings suggest that the method adopted for modeling the outflow boundary conditions has considerable influence on the performance of a 1D arterial tree model, with the extent of influence varying with the properties of the arterial system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debao Guan
- SJTU-CU International Cooperative Research Center, School of Naval Architecture, Ocean and Civil Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Fuyou Liang
- SJTU-CU International Cooperative Research Center, School of Naval Architecture, Ocean and Civil Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced Ship and Deep-Sea Exploration(CISSE), Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Pierre A Gremaud
- Department of Mathematics, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA
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Teren A, Beutner F, Wirkner K, Löffler M, Scholz M. Relationship Between Determinants of Arterial Stiffness Assessed by Diastolic and Suprasystolic Pulse Oscillometry: Comparison of Vicorder and Vascular Explorer. Medicine (Baltimore) 2016; 95:e2963. [PMID: 26962797 PMCID: PMC4998878 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000002963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Pulse wave velocity (PWV) and augmentation index (AI) are independent predictors of cardiovascular health. However, the comparability of multiple oscillometric modalities currently available for their assessment was not studied in detail. In the present study, we aimed to evaluate the relationship between indices of arterial stiffness assessed by diastolic and suprasystolic oscillometry.In total, 56 volunteers from the general population (23 males; median age 70 years [interquartile range: 65-72 years]) were recruited into observational feasibility study to evaluate the carotid-femoral/aortic PWV (cf/aoPWV), brachial-ankle PWV (baPWV), and AI assessed by 2 devices: Vicorder (VI) applying diastolic, right-sided oscillometry for the determination of all 3 indices, and Vascular explorer (VE) implementing single-point, suprasystolic brachial oscillometry (SSBO) pulse wave analysis for the assessment of cfPWV and AI. Within- and between-device correlations of measured parameters were analyzed. Furthermore, agreement of repeated measurements, intra- and inter-observer concordances were determined and compared for both devices.In VI, both baPWV and cfPWV inter-correlated well and showed good level of agreement with bilateral baPWV measured by VE (baPWV[VI]-baPWV[VE]R: overall concordance correlation coefficient [OCCC] = 0.484, mean difference = 1.94 m/s; cfPWV[VI]-baPWV[VE]R: OCCC = 0.493, mean difference = 1.0 m/s). In contrast, SSBO-derived aortic PWA (cf/aoPWA[VE]) displayed only weak correlation with cfPWV(VI) (r = 0.196; P = 0.04) and ipsilateral baPWV (cf/aoPWV[VE]R-baPWV[VE]R: r = 0.166; P = 0.08). cf/aoPWA(VE) correlated strongly with AI(VE) (right-sided: r = 0.725, P < 0.001). AI exhibited marginal between-device agreement (right-sided: OCCC = 0.298, mean difference: 6.12%). All considered parameters showed good-to-excellent repeatability giving OCCC > 0.9 for 2-point-PWV modes and right-sided AI(VE). Intra- and inter-observer concordances were similarly high except for AI yielding a trend toward better reproducibility in VE (interobserver-OCCC[VI] vs [VE] = 0.774 vs 0.844; intraobserver-OCCC[VI] vs [VE] = 0.613 vs 0.769).Both diastolic oscillometry-derived PWV modes, and AI measured either with VI or VE, are comparable and reliable alternatives for the assessment of arterial stiffness. Aortic PWV assessed by SSBO in VE is not related to the corresponding indices determined by traditional diastolic oscillometry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrej Teren
- From the LIFE-Leipzig Research Center for Civilization Diseases (AT, FB, KW, ML, MS) and Institute for Medical Informatics, Statistics and Epidemiology (ML, MS), University of Leipzig and Department of Internal Medicine/Cardiology, Heart Center of the University Leipzig (AT, FB), Leipzig, Germany
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Krogager C, Rossen NB, Hansen KW, Knudsen ST, Peters CD, Bøtker HE, Poulsen PL, Laugesen E. Estimates of arterial stiffness and central blood pressure in patients with type 2 diabetes: A comparison of SphygmoCor and Arteriograph. Artery Res 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.artres.2016.08.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
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Power A, Charitaki E, Davenport A. Changes in Vascular Tone Occur Early During Hemodialysis Treatments Independently of Volume Reduction. Artif Organs 2015; 40:678-83. [PMID: 26496182 DOI: 10.1111/aor.12610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Hypotension commonly occurs during hemodialysis (HD). Hypotension can result from an absolute reduction in plasma volume following excessive ultrafiltration or from a reduction in vascular tone. We hypothesized that changes in vascular tone could occur during dialysis. Aortic pulse wave velocity (aPWV) was measured in 197 HD patients, mean age 63.3 ± 16.6 years, 62% male, 49% diabetic, during a single HD session. aPWV did not change (9.6 ± 2.2 vs. 9.6 ± 2.2 m/s) with HD. Systolic blood pressure (SBP) declined from 151 ± 31 to 147 ± 32 after 20 min and to 140 ± 36 mm Hg on completion of HD (P < 0.05), with an ultrafiltration volume of 2.2 ± 0.9 L over a 3.9 ± 0.4 h HD session. Aortic SBP declined from 154 ± 32 to 146 ± 29 after 20 min and 143 ± 35 at the end of HD, P < 0.001. Aortic augmentation index (Aortic Aix) decreased from 65% (52-79%) to 36.7% (23.3-52.9%) by 20 min and to 34.3 (15.1-49.1%) on completion of HD (P < 0.05), and brachial augmentation index (brachial Aix) from 5.7% (-25.2 to 27.5%) to -1.9% (-2.2 to 30.1%) and -6.6% (-44 to 22.7%), respectively, P < 0.05. Diastolic reflection area (DRA) increased from 36.7 (27.9-46.3) to 40.4 (32.2-51) after 20 min and 47.1 (34.2-60.5) on completion of HD, P < 0.05. We report changes in arterial tone within 20 min of starting HD, when minimal ultrafiltration has occurred, suggesting that volume changes may not be the only predisposing cause of intradialytic hypotension. The combination of a fall in SBP and a rise in DRA would suggest a reduction in coronary blood flow in keeping with reports of "myocardial stunning" during HD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Albert Power
- Richard Bright Renal Service, Southmead Hospital, North Bristol NHS Trust, Bristol, UK
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Willemet M, Chowienczyk P, Alastruey J. A database of virtual healthy subjects to assess the accuracy of foot-to-foot pulse wave velocities for estimation of aortic stiffness. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2015; 309:H663-75. [PMID: 26055792 PMCID: PMC4537944 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00175.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2015] [Accepted: 06/05/2015] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
While central (carotid-femoral) foot-to-foot pulse wave velocity (PWV) is considered to be the gold standard for the estimation of aortic arterial stiffness, peripheral foot-to-foot PWV (brachial-ankle, femoral-ankle, and carotid-radial) are being studied as substitutes of this central measurement. We present a novel methodology to assess theoretically these computed indexes and the hemodynamics mechanisms relating them. We created a database of 3,325 virtual healthy adult subjects using a validated one-dimensional model of the arterial hemodynamics, with cardiac and arterial parameters varied within physiological healthy ranges. For each virtual subject, foot-to-foot PWV was computed from numerical pressure waveforms at the same locations where clinical measurements are commonly taken. Our numerical results confirm clinical observations: 1) carotid-femoral PWV is a good indicator of aortic stiffness and correlates well with aortic PWV; 2) brachial-ankle PWV overestimates aortic PWV and is related to the stiffness and geometry of both elastic and muscular arteries; and 3) muscular PWV (carotid-radial, femoral-ankle) does not capture the stiffening of the aorta and should therefore not be used as a surrogate for aortic stiffness. In addition, our analysis highlights that the foot-to-foot PWV algorithm is sensitive to the presence of reflected waves in late diastole, which introduce errors in the PWV estimates. In this study, we have created a database of virtual healthy subjects, which can be used to assess theoretically the efficiency of physiological indexes based on pulse wave analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie Willemet
- Division of Imaging Sciences and Biomedical Engineering, St. Thomas' Hospital, King's College London, London, United Kingdom; and
| | - Phil Chowienczyk
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, St Thomas' Hospital, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Jordi Alastruey
- Division of Imaging Sciences and Biomedical Engineering, St. Thomas' Hospital, King's College London, London, United Kingdom; and
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Braber TL, Prakken NHJ, Mosterd A, Mali WPTM, Doevendans PAFM, Bots ML, Velthuis BK. Identifying Coronary Artery Disease in Asymptomatic Middle-Aged Sportsmen: The Additional Value of Pulse Wave Velocity. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0131895. [PMID: 26147752 PMCID: PMC4493032 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0131895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2014] [Accepted: 06/08/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Cardiovascular screening may benefit middle-aged sportsmen, as coronary artery disease (CAD) is the main cause of exercise-related sudden cardiac death. Arterial stiffness, as measured by pulse wave velocity (PWV), may help identify sportsmen with subclinical CAD. We examined the additional value of PWV measurements to traditional CAD risk factors for identifying CAD. Methods From the Measuring Athlete’s Risk of Cardiovascular events (MARC) cohort of asymptomatic, middle-aged sportsmen who underwent low-dose Cardiac CT (CCT) after routine sports medical examination (SME), 193 consecutive sportsmen (aged 55±6.6 years) were included with additional PWV measurements before CCT. Sensitivity, specificity and predictive values of PWV values (>8.3 and >7.5m/s) assessed by Arteriograph were used to identify CAD (coronary artery calcium scoring ≥100 Agatston Units or coronary CT angiography luminal stenosis ≥50%) and to assess the additional diagnostic value of PWV to established cardiovascular risk factors. Results Forty-seven sportsmen (24%) had CAD on CCT. They were older (58.9 vs. 53.8 years, p<0.001), had more hypertension (17 vs. 4%, p=0.003), higher cholesterol levels (5.7 vs. 5.4mmol/l) p=0.048), and more often were (ever) smokers (55 vs. 34%, p=0.008). Mean PWV was higher in those with CAD (8.9 vs. 8.0 m/s, p=0.017). For PWV >8.3m/s respectively >7.5m/s sensitivity to detect CAD on CT was 43% and 74%, specificity 69% and 45%, positive predictive value 31% and 30%, and negative predictive value 79% and 84%. Adding PWV to traditional risk factor models did not change the area under the curve (from 0.78 (95% CI = 0.709-0.848)) to AUC 0.78 (95% CI 0.710-0.848, p = 0.99)) for prediction of CAD on CCT. Conclusions Limited additional value was found for PWV on top of established risk factors to identify CAD. PWV might still have a role to identify CAD in middle-aged sportsmen if risk factors such as cholesterol are unknown.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thijs L. Braber
- Department of Radiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, The Netherlands
- * E-mail:
| | - Niek H. J. Prakken
- Department of Radiology, University Medical Center Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Arend Mosterd
- Department of Cardiology, Meander Medical Center, Amersfoort, The Netherlands
| | | | | | - Michiel L. Bots
- Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, The Netherlands
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Snijder MB, Stronks K, Agyemang C, Busschers WB, Peters RJ, van den Born BJH. Ethnic differences in arterial stiffness the Helius study. Int J Cardiol 2015; 191:28-33. [PMID: 25965592 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2015.04.234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2015] [Revised: 04/16/2015] [Accepted: 04/30/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Well-known ethnic differences in cardiovascular risk exist, which may be explained by ethnic differences in arterial stiffness. Our aim was to assess ethnic differences in arterial stiffness, to explore whether these differences are accounted for by conventional cardiovascular risk factors, and study whether they differ across age. METHODS Cross-sectional data of 1797 Dutch, 1846 South-Asian Surinamese, 1840 African Surinamese, and 1673 Ghanaian participants of the observational HELIUS study (aged 18-70 years) were used. Arterial stiffness was assessed by duplicate pulse wave velocity (PWV) measurements using the Arteriograph system. RESULTS Linear regression showed that South-Asian Surinamese had higher PWVs as compared with Dutch (age-adjusted mean difference (95% CI) was 0.55 (0.39-0.70) m/s in men and 0.82 (0.63-1.01) m/s in women). These differences were largely, but not completely, explained by conventional risk factors (particularly age and MAP). These ethnic differences were not found at young age (<35 years). African Surinamese and Ghanaians had higher PWVs as compared with Dutch across the entire age range (ranging from 0.22 (0.06-0.39) m/s in African Surinamese men to 1.07 (0.89-1.26) m/s in Ghanaian women), but these differences disappeared or reversed after adjustment for risk factors. CONCLUSIONS PWV levels paralleled the well-known ethnic differences in cardiovascular risk. After adjustment for cardiovascular risk factors, however, these ethnic differences in PWV largely disappear. Together with the absence of ethnic differences in PWV at young age, our results support the hypothesis that higher PWV in South-Asian and African ethnic groups develops due to higher exposure to cardiovascular risk factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marieke B Snijder
- Department of Public Health, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Karien Stronks
- Department of Public Health, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Charles Agyemang
- Department of Public Health, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Wim B Busschers
- Department of Public Health, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ron J Peters
- Department of Cardiology, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Bert-Jan H van den Born
- Department of Internal and Vascular Medicine, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Mynard JP, Smolich JJ. One-Dimensional Haemodynamic Modeling and Wave Dynamics in the Entire Adult Circulation. Ann Biomed Eng 2015; 43:1443-60. [DOI: 10.1007/s10439-015-1313-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 136] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2015] [Accepted: 03/24/2015] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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Evaluation of 24-Hour Arterial Stiffness Indices and Central Hemodynamics in Healthy Normotensive Subjects versus Treated or Untreated Hypertensive Patients: A Feasibility Study. Int J Hypertens 2015; 2015:601812. [PMID: 25692032 PMCID: PMC4321851 DOI: 10.1155/2015/601812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2014] [Revised: 12/22/2014] [Accepted: 12/30/2014] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective. Central blood pressure (BP) and vascular indices estimated noninvasively over the 24 hours were compared between normotensive volunteers and hypertensive patients by a pulse wave analysis of ambulatory blood pressure recordings. Methods. Digitalized waveforms obtained during each brachial oscillometric BP measurement were stored in the device memory and analyzed by the validated Vasotens technology. Averages for the 24 hours and for the awake and asleep subperiods were computed. Results. 142 normotensives and 661 hypertensives were evaluated. 24-hour central BP, pulse wave velocity (PWV), and augmentation index (AI) were significantly higher in the hypertensive group than in the normotensive group (119.3 versus 105.6 mmHg for systolic BP, 75.6 versus 72.3 mmHg for diastolic BP, 10.3 versus 10.0 m/sec for aortic PWV, −9.7 versus −40.7% for peripheral AI, and 24.7 versus 11.0% for aortic AI), whereas reflected wave transit time (RWTT) was significantly lower in hypertensive patients (126.6 versus 139.0 ms). After adjusting for confounding factors a statistically significant between-group difference was still observed for central BP, RWTT, and peripheral AI. All estimates displayed a typical circadian rhythm. Conclusions. Noninvasive assessment of 24-hour arterial stiffness and central hemodynamics in daily life dynamic conditions may help in assessing the arterial function impairment in hypertensive patients.
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Kotovskaya YV, Kobalava ZD, Orlov AV. Validation of the integration of technology that measures additional "vascular" indices into an ambulatory blood pressure monitoring system. MEDICAL DEVICES-EVIDENCE AND RESEARCH 2014; 7:91-7. [PMID: 24833924 PMCID: PMC4014382 DOI: 10.2147/mder.s61839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The objective of this study was to validate the novel integration of oscillometric (Vasotens(®)) technology into a BPLab(®) ambulatory blood pressure (BP) monitoring system to measure central BP, the aortic augmentation index, and pulse wave velocity (PWV) compared with the recommended and widely accepted tonometric method. METHODS The ARTERY Society guidelines for comparison of PWV measurement techniques were used as the basis for recruitment of 99 individuals (mean age 44±19 years, 52 males). The standard for comparison was the conventional "classic" SphygmoCor device. RESULTS Accordance of the two methods was satisfactory (r=0.98, mean difference of 2.9±3.5 mmHg for central systolic BP; r=0.98, mean difference of -1.1±2.3 mmHg for central diastolic BP; r=0.83, mean difference of -2.6%±13% for aortic augmentation index; r=0.85, mean difference of 0.69±1.4 for PWV). CONCLUSION The performance of Vasotens algorithms using an oscillometric ambulatory BP monitoring system is feasible for accurate diagnosis, risk assessment, and evaluation of the effects of antihypertensive drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yulia V Kotovskaya
- Propedeutics Department, Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia, Moscow, Russia
| | - Zhanna D Kobalava
- Propedeutics Department, Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia, Moscow, Russia
| | - Artemy V Orlov
- Competitive System Analysis Department (No 65), National Research Nuclear University MEPhI, Moscow, Russia
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Alastruey J, Hunt AAE, Weinberg PD. Novel wave intensity analysis of arterial pulse wave propagation accounting for peripheral reflections. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL FOR NUMERICAL METHODS IN BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERING 2014; 30:249-79. [PMID: 24132888 PMCID: PMC4297358 DOI: 10.1002/cnm.2602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2012] [Revised: 08/15/2013] [Accepted: 08/19/2013] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
We present a novel analysis of arterial pulse wave propagation that combines traditional wave intensity analysis with identification of Windkessel pressures to account for the effect on the pressure waveform of peripheral wave reflections. Using haemodynamic data measured in vivo in the rabbit or generated numerically in models of human compliant vessels, we show that traditional wave intensity analysis identifies the timing, direction and magnitude of the predominant waves that shape aortic pressure and flow waveforms in systole, but fails to identify the effect of peripheral reflections. These reflections persist for several cardiac cycles and make up most of the pressure waveform, especially in diastole and early systole. Ignoring peripheral reflections leads to an erroneous indication of a reflection-free period in early systole and additional error in the estimates of (i) pulse wave velocity at the ascending aorta given by the PU-loop method (9.5% error) and (ii) transit time to a dominant reflection site calculated from the wave intensity profile (27% error). These errors decreased to 1.3% and 10%, respectively, when accounting for peripheral reflections. Using our new analysis, we investigate the effect of vessel compliance and peripheral resistance on wave intensity, peripheral reflections and reflections originating in previous cardiac cycles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordi Alastruey
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Division of Imaging Sciences and Biomedical Engineering, King's College London, King's Health Partners, St. Thomas' Hospital, London, SE1 7EH, U.K
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Association of body mass index with arterial stiffness and blood pressure components: A twin study. Atherosclerosis 2013; 229:388-95. [DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2013.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2012] [Revised: 04/12/2013] [Accepted: 05/03/2013] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Tarnoki DL, Tarnoki AD, Medda E, Littvay L, Lazar Z, Toccaceli V, Fagnani C, Stazi MA, Nisticó L, Brescianini S, Penna L, Lucatelli P, Boatta E, Zini C, Fanelli F, Baracchini C, Meneghetti G, Koller A, Osztovits J, Jermendy G, Preda I, Kiss RG, Karlinger K, Lannert A, Horvath T, Schillaci G, Molnar AA, Garami Z, Berczi V, Horvath I. Genetic influence on the relation between exhaled nitric oxide and pulse wave reflection. J Breath Res 2013; 7:026008. [PMID: 23660450 DOI: 10.1088/1752-7155/7/2/026008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Nitric oxide has an important role in the development of the structure and function of the airways and vessel walls. Fractional exhaled nitric oxide (FE(NO)) is inversely related to the markers and risk factors of atherosclerosis. We aimed to estimate the relative contribution of genes and shared and non-shared environmental influences to variations and covariation of FE(NO) levels and the marker of elasticity function of arteries. Adult Caucasian twin pairs (n = 117) were recruited in Hungary, Italy and in the United States (83 monozygotic and 34 dizygotic pairs; age: 48 ± 16 SD years). FE(NO) was measured by an electrochemical sensor-based device. Pulse wave reflection (aortic augmentation index, Aix(ao)) was determined by an oscillometric method (Arteriograph). A bivariate Cholesky decomposition model was applied to investigate whether the heritabilities of FE(NO) and Aix(ao) were linked. Genetic effects accounted for 58% (95% confidence interval (CI): 42%, 71%) of the variation in FE(NO) with the remaining 42% (95%CI: 29%, 58%) due to non-shared environmental influences. A modest negative correlation was observed between FE(NO) and Aix(ao) (r = -0.17; 95%CI:-0.32,-0.02). FE(NO) showed a significant negative genetic correlation with Aix(ao) (r(g) = -0.25; 95%CI:-0.46,-0.02). Thus in humans, variations in FE(NO) are explained both by genetic and non-shared environmental effects. Covariance between FE(NO) and Aix(ao) is explained entirely by shared genetic factors. This is consistent with an overlap among the sets of genes involved in the expression of these phenotypes and provides a basis for further genetic studies on cardiovascular and respiratory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Laszlo Tarnoki
- Department of Radiology and Oncotherapy, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary, 78/a Ulloi Street, Budapest 1082, Hungary.
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Hughes AD, Park C, Davies J, Francis D, McG Thom SA, Mayet J, Parker KH. Limitations of augmentation index in the assessment of wave reflection in normotensive healthy individuals. PLoS One 2013; 8:e59371. [PMID: 23544061 PMCID: PMC3609862 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0059371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2012] [Accepted: 02/13/2013] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Augmentation index (AIx) is widely used as a measure of wave reflection. We compared the relationship between AIx and age, height and sex with 'gold standard' measures of wave reflection derived from measurements of pressure and flow to establish how well AIx measures wave reflection. MATERIALS AND METHODS Measurements of carotid pressure and flow velocity were made in the carotid artery of 65 healthy normotensive individuals (age 21-78 yr; 43 male) and pulse wave analysis, wave intensity analysis and wave separation was performed; waveforms were classified into type A, B or C. AIx, the time of the first shoulder (T(s)), wave reflection index (WRI) and the ratio of backward to forward pressure (P(b)/P(f)) were calculated. RESULTS AIx did not correlate with log WRI or P(b)/P(f). When AIx was restricted to positive values AIx and log WRI were positively correlated (r = 0.33; p = 0.04). In contrast log WRI and P(b)/P(f) were closely correlated (r = 0.66; p<0.001). There was no correlation between the T(s) and the timing of Pb or the reflected wave identified by wave intensity analysis. Wave intensity analysis showed that the morphology of type C waveforms (negative AIx) was principally due to a forward travelling (re-reflected) decompression wave in mid-systole. AIx correlated positively with age, inversely with height and was higher in women. In contrast log WRI and P(b)/P(f) showed negative associations with age, were unrelated to height and did not differ significantly by gender. CONCLUSIONS AIx has serious limitations as a measure of wave reflection. Negative AIx values derived from Type C waves should not be used as estimates of wave reflection magnitude.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alun D Hughes
- International Centre for Circulatory Health, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London and Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom.
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Posokhov IN. Pulse wave velocity 24-hour monitoring with one-site measurements by oscillometry. MEDICAL DEVICES-EVIDENCE AND RESEARCH 2013; 6:11-5. [PMID: 23549868 PMCID: PMC3579406 DOI: 10.2147/mder.s42082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
This review describes issues for the estimation of pulse wave velocity (PWV) under ambulatory conditions using oscillometric systems. The difference between the principles of measuring the PWV by the standard method and by oscillometry is shown, and information on device validation studies is summarized. It was concluded that currently oscillometry is a method that is very convenient to use in the 24-hour monitoring of the PWV, is relatively accurate, and is reasonably comfortable for the patient. Several indices with the same principles as those in the analysis of blood pressure in ambulatory monitoring of blood pressure, namely the assessment of load, variability, and circadian rhythm, are proposed.
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Reference values of aortic pulse wave velocity in a large healthy population aged between 3 and 18 years. J Hypertens 2013; 31:425-6. [DOI: 10.1097/hjh.0b013e32835c0238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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