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Mathieu AJW, Pascual MS, Charlton PH, Volovaya M, Venton J, Aston PJ, Nandi M, Alastruey J. Advanced waveform analysis of the photoplethysmogram signal using complementary signal processing techniques for the extraction of biomarkers of cardiovascular function. JRSM Cardiovasc Dis 2024; 13:20480040231225384. [PMID: 38314325 PMCID: PMC10838030 DOI: 10.1177/20480040231225384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Revised: 12/08/2023] [Accepted: 12/09/2023] [Indexed: 02/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Photoplethysmogram signals from wearable devices typically measure heart rate and blood oxygen saturation, but contain a wealth of additional information about the cardiovascular system. In this study, we compared two signal-processing techniques: fiducial point analysis and Symmetric Projection Attractor Reconstruction, on their ability to extract new cardiovascular information from a photoplethysmogram signal. The aim was to identify fiducial point analysis and Symmetric Projection Attractor Reconstruction indices that could classify photoplethysmogram signals, according to age, sex and physical activity. Methods Three datasets were used: an in-silico dataset of simulated photoplethysmogram waves for healthy male participants (25-75 years old); an in-vivo dataset containing 10-min photoplethysmogram recordings from 57 healthy subjects at rest (18-39 or > 70 years old; 53% female); and an in-vivo dataset containing photoplethysmogram recordings collected for 4 weeks from a single subject, in daily life. The best-performing indices from the in-silico study (5/48 fiducial point analysis and 6/49 Symmetric Projection Attractor Reconstruction) were applied to the in-vivo datasets. Results Key fiducial point analysis and Symmetric Projection Attractor Reconstruction indices, which showed the greatest differences between groups, were found to be consistent across datasets. These indices were related to systolic augmentation, diastolic peak positioning and prominence, and waveform variability. Both fiducial point analysis and Symmetric Projection Attractor Reconstruction techniques provided indices that supported the classification of age and physical activity, but not sex. Conclusions Both fiducial point analysis and Symmetric Projection Attractor Reconstruction techniques demonstrated utility in identifying cardiovascular differences between individuals and within an individual over time. Future research should investigate the potential utility of these techniques for extracting information on fitness and disease, to support healthcare-decision making.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aristide Jun Wen Mathieu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, St Thomas' Hospital, London, UK
| | - Miquel Serna Pascual
- School of Cancer and Pharmaceutical Science, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Peter H Charlton
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, Cambridgeshire, UK
| | - Maria Volovaya
- School of Cancer and Pharmaceutical Science, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Jenny Venton
- School of Cancer and Pharmaceutical Science, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Philip J Aston
- Department of Mathematics, University of Surrey, Guildford, UK
| | - Manasi Nandi
- School of Cancer and Pharmaceutical Science, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Jordi Alastruey
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, St Thomas' Hospital, London, UK
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Hong J, Nandi M, Charlton PH, Alastruey J. Noninvasive hemodynamic indices of vascular aging: an in silico assessment. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2023; 325:H1290-H1303. [PMID: 37737734 PMCID: PMC10908403 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00454.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Revised: 09/12/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 09/23/2023]
Abstract
Vascular aging (VA) involves structural and functional changes in blood vessels that contribute to cardiovascular disease. Several noninvasive pulse wave (PW) indices have been proposed to assess the arterial stiffness component of VA in the clinic and daily life. This study investigated 19 of these indices, identified in recent review articles on VA, by using a database comprising 3,837 virtual healthy subjects aged 25-75 yr, each with unique PW signals simulated under various levels of artificial noise to mimic real measurement errors. For each subject, VA indices were calculated from filtered PW signals and compared with the precise theoretical value of aortic Young's modulus (EAo). In silico PW indices showed age-related changes that align with in vivo population studies. The cardio-ankle vascular index (CAVI) and all pulse wave velocity (PWV) indices showed strong linear correlations with EAo (Pearson's rp > 0.95). Carotid distensibility showed a strong negative nonlinear correlation (Spearman's rs < -0.99). CAVI and distensibility exhibited greater resilience to noise compared with PWV indices. Blood pressure-related indices and photoplethysmography (PPG)-based indices showed weaker correlations with EAo (rp and rs < 0.89, |rp| and |rs| < 0.84, respectively). Overall, blood pressure-related indices were confounded by more cardiovascular properties (heart rate, stroke volume, duration of systole, large artery diameter, and/or peripheral vascular resistance) compared with other studied indices, and PPG-based indices were most affected by noise. In conclusion, carotid-femoral PWV, CAVI and carotid distensibility emerged as the superior clinical VA indicators, with a strong EAo correlation and noise resilience. PPG-based indices showed potential for daily VA monitoring under minimized noise disturbances.NEW & NOTEWORTHY For the first time, 19 noninvasive pulse wave indices for assessing vascular aging were examined together in a single database of nearly 4,000 subjects aged 25-75 yr. The dataset contained precise values of the aortic Young's modulus and other hemodynamic measures for each subject, which enabled us to test each index's ability to measure changes in aortic stiffness while accounting for confounding factors and measurement errors. The study provides freely available tools for analyzing these and additional indices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingyuan Hong
- Division of Imaging Sciences and Biomedical Engineering, King's College London, St. Thomas' Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Manasi Nandi
- School of Cancer and Pharmaceutical Science, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Peter H Charlton
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Jordi Alastruey
- Division of Imaging Sciences and Biomedical Engineering, King's College London, St. Thomas' Hospital, London, United Kingdom
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Serna-Pascual M, D'Cruz RF, Volovaya M, Jolley CJ, Hart N, Rafferty GF, Steier J, Aston PJ, Nandi M. Novel breathing pattern analysis: Symmetric Projection Attractor Reconstruction improves identification of impending COPD re-exacerbations - a retrospective cohort analysis. ERJ Open Res 2023; 9:00164-2023. [PMID: 37650090 PMCID: PMC10463025 DOI: 10.1183/23120541.00164-2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2023] [Accepted: 05/05/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Respiratory waveforms can be reduced to simple metrics, such as rate, but this may miss information about waveform shape and whole breathing pattern. A novel analysis method quantifying the whole waveform shape identifies AECOPD earlier. https://bit.ly/3M6uIEB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miquel Serna-Pascual
- School of Cancer and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, London, UK
- These authors contributed equally
| | - Rebecca F. D'Cruz
- Lane Fox Clinical Respiratory Physiology Research Unit, Guy's and St Thomas’ NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
- Centre for Human and Applied Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, London, UK
- These authors contributed equally
| | - Maria Volovaya
- School of Cancer and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Caroline J. Jolley
- Centre for Human and Applied Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Nicholas Hart
- Lane Fox Clinical Respiratory Physiology Research Unit, Guy's and St Thomas’ NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
- Centre for Human and Applied Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Gerrard F. Rafferty
- Centre for Human and Applied Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Joerg Steier
- Lane Fox Clinical Respiratory Physiology Research Unit, Guy's and St Thomas’ NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
- Centre for Human and Applied Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Philip J. Aston
- Department of Mathematics, University of Surrey, Guildford, UK
| | - Manasi Nandi
- School of Cancer and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, London, UK
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Zarban AA, Chaudhry H, Maselli D, Kodji X, de Sousa Valente J, Joachim J, Trevelin SC, van Baardewijk J, Argunhan F, Ivetic A, Nandi M, Brain SD. Enhancing Techniques for Determining Inflammatory Edema Formation and Neutrophil Accumulation in Murine Skin. JID Innov 2023; 3:100154. [PMID: 36561914 PMCID: PMC9763761 DOI: 10.1016/j.xjidi.2022.100154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2021] [Revised: 08/06/2022] [Accepted: 08/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory edema formation and polymorphonuclear leukocyte (neutrophil) accumulation are common components of cutaneous vascular inflammation, and their assessment is a powerful investigative and drug development tool but typically requires independent cohorts of animals to assess each. We have established the use of a mathematical formula to estimate the ellipsoidal-shaped volume of the edematous wheal or bleb after intradermal injections of substances in mice pretreated intravenously with Evans blue dye (which binds to plasma albumin) to act as an edema marker. Whereas previous extraction of Evans blue dye with formamide is suitable for all strains of mice, we report this quicker and more reliable assessment of edema volume in situ. This therefore allows neutrophil accumulation to be assessed from the same mouse using the myeloperoxidase assay. Importantly, we examined the influence of Evans blue dye on the spectrometry readout at the wavelength at which myeloperoxidase activity is measured. The results indicate that it is feasible to quantify edema formation and neutrophil accumulation in the same mouse skin site. Thus, we show techniques that can assess edema formation and neutrophil accumulation at the same site in the same mouse, allowing paired measurements and reducing the total use of mice by 50%.
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Key Words
- CGRP, calcitonin-gene related peptide
- EB, Evans blue
- MPO, myeloperoxidase
- OD, optical density
- SP, substance P
- TMB, 3,3′,5,5′-tetramethylbenzidine
- i.d., intradermally
- i.v., intravenously
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali A. Zarban
- Section of Vascular Biology and Inflammation, British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence, School of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine & Sciences, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hiba Chaudhry
- Section of Vascular Biology and Inflammation, British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence, School of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine & Sciences, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Davide Maselli
- James Black Centre, British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence, School of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine & Sciences, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Xenia Kodji
- Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A∗STAR) - Skin Research Institute of Singapore (SRIS), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Joao de Sousa Valente
- Section of Vascular Biology and Inflammation, British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence, School of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine & Sciences, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Justin Joachim
- James Black Centre, British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence, School of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine & Sciences, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Silvia Cellone Trevelin
- James Black Centre, British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence, School of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine & Sciences, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | | | - Fulye Argunhan
- Section of Vascular Biology and Inflammation, British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence, School of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine & Sciences, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Aleksandar Ivetic
- James Black Centre, British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence, School of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine & Sciences, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Manasi Nandi
- School of Cancer & Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Susan D. Brain
- Section of Vascular Biology and Inflammation, British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence, School of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine & Sciences, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
- Correspondence: Susan D. Brain, Section of Vascular Biology and Inflammation, British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence, School of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine & Sciences, King's College London, Franklin-Wilkins Building, 150 Stamford Street, London SE1 9NH, United Kingdom.
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Kennard MR, Nandi M, Chapple S, King AJ. The glucose tolerance test in mice: Sex, drugs and protocol. Diabetes Obes Metab 2022; 24:2241-2252. [PMID: 35815375 PMCID: PMC9795999 DOI: 10.1111/dom.14811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2022] [Revised: 06/26/2022] [Accepted: 07/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
AIM To establish the impact of sex, dosing route, fasting duration and acute habituation stress on glucose tolerance test (GTT) measurements used in the preclinical evaluation of potential glucose-modulating therapeutics. METHODS Adult male and female C57Bl/6J mice, implanted with HD-XG glucose telemetry devices, were fasted for 16 hours or 6 hours following acute habituation stress due to whole cage change, cage change with retention of used bedding or no cage change prior to intraperitoneal (IP) GTTs. To evaluate protocol refinement and sex on the ability of the GTT to detect drug effects, we administered 250 mg/kg oral metformin or 10 nmol/kg IP exendin-4 using optimized protocols. RESULTS Female mice were less sensitive to human intervention when initiating fasting. Following a 6-hour fast, retention of bedding whilst changing the cage base promotes quicker stabilization of basal blood glucose in both sexes. Prolonged fasting for 16 hours resulted in an exaggerated GTT response but induced pronounced basal hypoglycaemia. Following GTT protocol optimization the effect of exendin-4 and metformin was equivalent in both sexes, with females showing a more modest but more reproducible GTT response. CONCLUSIONS Variations in GTT protocol have profound effects on glucose homeostasis. Protocol refinement and/or the use of females still allows for detection of drug effects, providing evidence that more severe phenotypes are not an essential prerequisite when characterizing/validating new drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Manasi Nandi
- Institute of Pharmaceutical ScienceKing's College LondonLondonUK
| | - Sarah Chapple
- School of Cardiovascular Medicine & SciencesKing's College LondonLondonUK
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Sundaram V, Rao G, Nandi M, Reddy V, pokhala N, Mondal K, Prakash A, Bhattacharjee M. PO-1545 Comparison of PRO and PO algorithms in Rapid arc (VMAT) delivery for Head and Neck SIB treatments. Radiother Oncol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/s0167-8140(22)03509-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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7
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Nandi M, Perumareddy V, Sarkar S, Pokala N, S V, Chanda S. PO-1798 Reporting of inter fraction dose variations of OARs in CT guided HDR ICBT in carcinoma cervix. Radiother Oncol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/s0167-8140(22)03761-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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8
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Huang YH, Lyle JV, Razak ASA, Nandi M, Marr CM, Huang CLH, Aston PJ, Jeevaratnam K. Detecting Paroxysmal Atrial Fibrillation from Normal Sinus Rhythm in Equine Athletes using Symmetric Projection Attractor Reconstruction and Machine Learning. Cardiovascular Digital Health Journal 2022; 3:96-106. [PMID: 35493267 PMCID: PMC9043370 DOI: 10.1016/j.cvdhj.2022.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
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9
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Chivers SC, Vasavan T, Nandi M, Hayes-Gill BR, Jayawardane IA, Simpson JM, Williamson C, Fifer WP, Lucchini M. Measurement of the cardiac time intervals of the fetal ECG utilising a computerised algorithm: A retrospective observational study. JRSM Cardiovasc Dis 2022; 11:20480040221096209. [PMID: 35574238 PMCID: PMC9102181 DOI: 10.1177/20480040221096209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2022] [Revised: 04/04/2022] [Accepted: 04/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Establish whether the reliable measurement of cardiac time intervals of the fetal ECG can be automated and to address whether this approach could be used to investigate large datasets. Design Retrospective observational study. Setting Teaching hospitals in London UK, Nottingham UK and New York USA. Participants Singleton pregnancies with no known fetal abnormality. Methods Archived fetal ECG's performed using the MonicaAN24 monitor. A single ECG (PQRST) complex was generated from 5000 signal-averaged beats and electrical cardiac time intervals measured in an automated way and manually. Main Outcome measure Validation of a newly developed algorithm to measure the cardiac time intervals of the fetal ECG. Results 188/236 (79.7%) subjects with fECGs of suitable signal:noise ratio were included for analysis comparing manual with automated measurement. PR interval was measured in 173/188 (92%), QRS complex in 170/188 (90%) and QT interval in 123/188 (65.4%). PR interval was 107.6 (12.07) ms [mean(SD)] manual vs 109.11 (14.7) ms algorithm. QRS duration was 54.72(6.35) ms manual vs 58.34(5.73) ms algorithm. QT-interval was 268.93 (21.59) ms manual vs 261.63 (36.16) ms algorithm. QTc was 407.5(32.71) ms manual vs 396.4 (54.78) ms algorithm. The QRS-duration increased with gestational age in both manual and algorithm measurements. Conclusion Accurate measurement of fetal ECG cardiac time intervals can be automated with potential application to interpretation of larger datasets.
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Affiliation(s)
- SC Chivers
- Department of Women and Children’s Health, King’s College London, London, UK
- Department of Fetal cardiology, Evelina London Children’s Hospital, London, UK
| | - T Vasavan
- Department of Women and Children’s Health, King’s College London, London, UK
| | - M Nandi
- School of Cancer and Pharmaceutical Sciences, King’s College London, London, UK
| | - BR Hayes-Gill
- Faculty of Engineering, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - IA Jayawardane
- Faculty of Engineering, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - JM Simpson
- Department of Fetal cardiology, Evelina London Children’s Hospital, London, UK
| | - C Williamson
- Department of Women and Children’s Health, King’s College London, London, UK
| | - WP Fifer
- Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University Medical Center, Morgan Stanley Children’s Hospital, New York, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, New York, USA
| | - M Lucchini
- Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University Medical Center, Morgan Stanley Children’s Hospital, New York, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, New York, USA
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Nandi M, Anton M, Lyle JV. Cardiovascular waveforms - can we extract more from routine signals? JRSM Cardiovasc Dis 2022; 11:20480040221121438. [PMID: 36092374 PMCID: PMC9459482 DOI: 10.1177/20480040221121438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Accepted: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular waveforms such as blood pressure, ECG and photoplethysmography (PPG), are routinely acquired by specialised monitoring devices. Such devices include bedside monitors, wearables and radiotelemetry which sample at very high fidelity, yet most of this numerical data is disregarded and focus tends to reside on single point averages such as the maxima, minima, amplitude, rate and intervals. Whilst, these measures are undoubtedly of value, we may be missing important information by simplifying the complex waveform signal in this way. This Special Collection showcases recent advances in the appraisal of routine signals. Ultimately, such approaches and technologies may assist in improving the accuracy and sensitivity of detecting physiological change. This, in turn, may assist with identifying efficacy or safety signals for investigational new drugs or aidpatient diagnosis and management, supporting scientific and clinical decision making.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manasi Nandi
- Reader in integrative pharmacology, School of Cancer and Pharmaceutical Science, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Mary Anton
- NIHR pre-doctoral nursing fellow, Royal Brompton Hospital (paediatric intensive care), London, UK
| | - Jane V Lyle
- Department of Mathematics, University of Surrey, Guildford, UK
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11
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Kennard MR, Daniels Gatward LF, Roberts AG, White ERP, Nandi M, King AJF. The use of mice in diabetes research: The impact of experimental protocols. Diabet Med 2021; 38:e14705. [PMID: 34596274 DOI: 10.1111/dme.14705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2021] [Revised: 09/23/2021] [Accepted: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Mice are used extensively in preclinical diabetes research to model various aspects of blood glucose homeostasis. Careful experimental design is vital for maximising welfare and improving reproducibility of data. Alongside decisions regarding physiological characteristics of the animal cohort (e.g., sex, strain and age), experimental protocols must also be carefully considered. This includes choosing relevant end points of interest and understanding what information they can provide and what their limitations are. Details of experimental protocols must, therefore, be carefully planned during the experimental design stage, especially considering the impact of researcher interventions on preclinical end points. Indeed, in line with the 3Rs of animal research, experiments should be refined where possible to maximise welfare. The role of welfare may be particularly pertinent in preclinical diabetes research as blood glucose concentrations are directly altered by physiological stress responses. Despite the potential impact of variations in experimental protocols, there is distinct lack of standardisation and consistency throughout the literature with regards to several experimental procedures including fasting, cage changing and glucose tolerance test protocol. This review firstly highlights practical considerations with regard to the choice of end points in preclinical diabetes research and the potential for novel technologies such as continuous glucose monitoring and glucose clamping techniques to improve data resolution. The potential influence of differing experimental protocols and in vivo procedures on both welfare and experimental outcomes is then discussed with focus on standardisation, consistency and full disclosure of methods.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Anna G Roberts
- Endocrinology and Investigative Medicine, Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Ella R P White
- Department of Diabetes, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Manasi Nandi
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, King's College London, London, UK
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Abstract
Background: The electrocardiogram (ECG) is a key tool in patient management. Automated ECG analysis supports clinical decision-making, but traditional fiducial point identification discards much of the time-series data that captures the morphology of the whole waveform. Our Symmetric Projection Attractor Reconstruction (SPAR) method uses all the available data to provide a new visualization and quantification of the morphology and variability of any approximately periodic signal. We therefore applied SPAR to ECG signals to ascertain whether this more detailed investigation of ECG morphology adds clinical value. Methods: Our aim was to demonstrate the accuracy of the SPAR method in discriminating between two biologically distinct groups. As sex has been shown to influence the waveform appearance, we investigated sex differences in normal sinus rhythm ECGs. We applied the SPAR method to 9,007 10 second 12-lead ECG recordings from Physionet, which comprised; Dataset 1: 104 subjects (40% female), Dataset 2: 8,903 subjects (54% female). Results: SPAR showed clear visual differences between female and male ECGs (Dataset 1). A stacked machine learning model achieved a cross-validation sex classification accuracy of 86.3% (Dataset 2) and an unseen test accuracy of 91.3% (Dataset 1). The mid-precordial leads performed best in classification individually, but the highest overall accuracy was achieved with all 12 leads. Classification accuracy was highest for young adults and declined with older age. Conclusions: SPAR allows quantification of the morphology of the ECG without the need to identify conventional fiducial points, whilst utilizing of all the data reduces inadvertent bias. By intuitively re-visualizing signal morphology as two-dimensional images, SPAR accurately discriminated ECG sex differences in a small dataset. We extended the approach to a machine learning classification of sex for a larger dataset, and showed that the SPAR method provided a means of visualizing the similarities of subjects given the same classification. This proof-of-concept study therefore provided an implementation of SPAR using existing data and showed that subtle differences in the ECG can be amplified by the attractor. SPAR's supplementary analysis of ECG morphology may enhance conventional automated analysis in clinically important datasets, and improve patient stratification and risk management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jane V. Lyle
- Department of Mathematics, University of Surrey, Guildford, United Kingdom
| | - Manasi Nandi
- School of Cancer and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Philip J. Aston
- Department of Mathematics, University of Surrey, Guildford, United Kingdom
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13
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Bonet-Luz E, Lyle JV, Huang CLH, Zhang Y, Nandi M, Jeevaratnam K, Aston PJ. Symmetric Projection Attractor Reconstruction analysis of murine electrocardiograms: Retrospective prediction of Scn5a +/- genetic mutation attributable to Brugada syndrome. Heart Rhythm O2 2021; 1:368-375. [PMID: 33748801 PMCID: PMC7962089 DOI: 10.1016/j.hroo.2020.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Life-threatening arrhythmias resulting from genetic mutations are often missed in current electrocardiogram (ECG) analysis. We combined a new method for ECG analysis that uses all the waveform data with machine learning to improve detection of such mutations from short ECG signals in a mouse model. Objective We sought to detect consequences of Na+ channel deficiencies known to compromise action potential conduction in comparisons of Scn5a+/- mutant and wild-type mice using short ECG signals, examining novel and standard features derived from lead I and II ECG recordings by machine learning algorithms. Methods Lead I and II ECG signals from anesthetized wild-type and Scn5a+/- mutant mice of length 130 seconds were analyzed by extracting various groups of features, which were used by machine learning to classify the mice as wild-type or mutant. The features used were standard ECG intervals and amplitudes, as well as features derived from attractors generated using the novel Symmetric Projection Attractor Reconstruction method, which reformulates the whole signal as a bounded, symmetric 2-dimensional attractor. All the features were also combined as a single feature group. Results Classification of genotype using the attractor features gave higher accuracy than using either the ECG intervals or the intervals and amplitudes. However, the highest accuracy (96%) was obtained using all the features. Accuracies for different subgroups of the data were obtained and compared. Conclusion Detection of the Scn5a+/- mutation from short mouse ECG signals with high accuracy is possible using our Symmetric Projection Attractor Reconstruction method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esther Bonet-Luz
- Department of Mathematics, University of Surrey, Guildford, United Kingdom
| | - Jane V Lyle
- Department of Mathematics, University of Surrey, Guildford, United Kingdom
| | - Christopher L-H Huang
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, United Kingdom.,Physiological Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom.,Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Yanmin Zhang
- Department of Paediatric Cardiology, Shaanxi Institute for Pediatric Diseases, Affiliate Children's Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Manasi Nandi
- School of Cancer and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Kamalan Jeevaratnam
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, United Kingdom.,Physiological Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Philip J Aston
- Department of Mathematics, University of Surrey, Guildford, United Kingdom
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14
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Basade M, Singhal M, Rathi AK, Nandi M, Minhas S, Goswami C, Shinde S, Parikh PM, Aggarwal S. Practical consensus recommendations regarding the management of HER2 neu positive metastatic breast cancer. South Asian J Cancer 2020; 7:146-150. [PMID: 29721483 PMCID: PMC5909294 DOI: 10.4103/sajc.sajc_123_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Metastatic breast cancer (MBC) is cancer that has spread from the breast to another part of the body or has come back in another distant location. Treatment options for MBC depend on several factors, including where the cancer has spread, the patient's overall health, and the levels of hormone receptors and HER2 in the tumour. Over-expression of HER2 is generally considered to be a negative prognostic feature because it accompanies an increase in breast cancer mortality. However, the development of agents that specifically target HER2 has improved the management of patients with these tumours.[7],[8],[9],[10] This expert group used data from published literature, practical experience and opinion of a large group of academic oncologists to arrive at these practical consensus recommendations in regards with the use of these agents and the management of HER2 positive MBC for the benefit of community oncologists.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Basade
- Department of Medical Oncology, Saifee Hospital, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - M Singhal
- Department of Medical Oncology, Indraprastha Apollo Hospital, New Delhi, India
| | - A K Rathi
- Department of Radiation Oncology, MAMC, New Delhi, India
| | - M Nandi
- Department of Medical Oncology, Jaypee Hospital, Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - S Minhas
- Department of Medical Oncology, Sir Ganga Ram Hospital, New Delhi, India
| | - C Goswami
- Department of Medical Oncology, Jaypee Hospital, Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - S Shinde
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Medica Superspecialty Hospital, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - P M Parikh
- Department of Oncology, Shalby Cancer and Research Institute, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - S Aggarwal
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Medica Superspecialty Hospital, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
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15
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Bhattacharyya GS, Walia M, Nandi M, Murli A, Salim S, Rajpurohit S, Shinde S, Aggarwal S, Parikh PM. Practical consensus recommendations for neo-adjuvant chemotherapy in triple negative breast cancer. South Asian J Cancer 2020; 7:156-158. [PMID: 29721485 PMCID: PMC5909296 DOI: 10.4103/sajc.sajc_126_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
This manuscript provides a practical and easy to use consensus recommendation to community oncologists on how to use neoadjuvant chemotherapy in triple negative breast cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- G S Bhattacharyya
- Department of Medical Oncology, Fortis Hospital, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - M Walia
- Department of Medical Oncology, Max Hospital, New Delhi, India
| | - M Nandi
- Department of Medical Oncology, Jaypee Hospital, Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - A Murli
- Department of Medical Oncology, Sarvodaya Hospital, Faridabad, Haryana, India
| | - S Salim
- Department of Oncology, Hakim Sanaullah Cancer Center, Sopore, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - S Rajpurohit
- Department of Medical Oncology, RGCI, New Delhi, India
| | - S Shinde
- Department of Medical Oncology, Sir Ganga Ram Hospital, New Delhi, India
| | - S Aggarwal
- Department of Medical Oncology, Sir Ganga Ram Hospital, New Delhi, India
| | - P M Parikh
- Department of Oncology, Shalby Cancer and Research Institute, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
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16
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Van Ammel K, Van der Linde H, Nandi M, Aston P, Teisman A, Gallacher DJ. Fatal attraction: Exploring the potential value of “attractors” to identify new arrhythmic biomarkers in safety pharmacology. J Pharmacol Toxicol Methods 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vascn.2020.106766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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17
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Nandi M, Aston PJ. Extracting new information from old waveforms: Symmetric projection attractor reconstruction: Where maths meets medicine. Exp Physiol 2020; 105:1444-1451. [PMID: 32347611 DOI: 10.1113/ep087873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2019] [Accepted: 04/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
NEW FINDINGS What is the topic of this review? Symmetric Projection Attractor Reconstruction (SPAR) is a relatively new mathematical method that can extract additional information pertaining to the morphology and variability of physiological waveforms, such as arterial pulse pressure. Herein, we describe the potential utility of the method for more sensitive quantification of cardiovascular changes. What advances does it highlight? We use a simple example of a human tilt table to illustrate these concepts. SPAR can be used on any approximately periodic waveform and may add value to experimental and clinical settings, where such signals are collected routinely. ABSTRACT Periodic physiological waveform data, such as blood pressure, pulse oximetry and ECG, are routinely sampled between 100 and 1000 Hz in preclinical research and in the clinical setting from a wide variety of implantable, bedside and wearable monitoring devices. Despite the underlying numerical waveform data being captured at such high fidelity, conventional analysis tends to reside in reporting only averages of minimum, maximum, amplitude and rate, as single point averages. Although these averages are undoubtedly of value, simplification of the data in this way means that most of the available numerical data are discarded. In turn, this may lead to subtle physiological changes being missed when investigating the cardiovascular system over time. We have developed a mathematical method (symmetric projection attractor reconstruction) that uses all the numerical data, replotting and revisualizing them in a manner that allows unique quantification of multiple changes in waveform morphology and variability. We propose that the additional quantification of these features will allow the complex behaviour of the cardiovascular system to be mapped more sensitively in different physiological and pathophysiological settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manasi Nandi
- School of Cancer and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Philip J Aston
- Department of Mathematics, University of Surrey, Guildford, UK
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18
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Chen W, Yuan X, Li Z, Lu Z, Kong S, Jiang H, Du H, Pan X, Nandi M, Kong X, Brown K, Liu Z, Zhang G, Hider RC, Yu Y. CN128: A New Orally Active Hydroxypyridinone Iron Chelator. J Med Chem 2020; 63:4215-4226. [PMID: 32208614 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.0c00137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Deferoxamine, deferiprone, and deferasirox are used for the treatment of systemic iron overload, although they possess limitations due to lack of oral activity, lower efficacy, and side effects. These limitations led to a search for an orally active iron chelator with an improved therapeutic index. The lower efficacy of deferiprone is due to rapid glucuronidation, leading to the formation of a nonchelating metabolite. Here, we demonstrate that the influence of metabolism can be reduced by introducing a sacrificial site for glucuronidation. A log P-guided investigation of 20 hydroxpyridinones led to the identification of CN128. The Fe(III) affinity and metal selectivity of CN128 are similar to those of deferiprone, the log P value is more lipophilic, and its iron scavenging ability is superior. Overall, CN128 was demonstrated to be safe in a range of toxicity assessments and is now in clinical trials for the treatment of β-thalassemia after regular blood transfusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenteng Chen
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Xin Yuan
- Hangzhou Zede Pharma-Tech Co. Ltd., Hangzhou 311121, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Zhi Li
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Zidong Lu
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, Franklin-Wilkins Building, King's College London, 150 Stamford Street, SE1 9NH London, UK
| | - Sisi Kong
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Huidi Jiang
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Houbing Du
- Suzhou Xishan Zhongke Drug R&D Co. Ltd., Suzhou 215104, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Xiuhong Pan
- Suzhou Xishan Zhongke Drug R&D Co. Ltd., Suzhou 215104, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Manasi Nandi
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, Franklin-Wilkins Building, King's College London, 150 Stamford Street, SE1 9NH London, UK
| | - Xiaole Kong
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, Franklin-Wilkins Building, King's College London, 150 Stamford Street, SE1 9NH London, UK
| | - Kathryn Brown
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, Franklin-Wilkins Building, King's College London, 150 Stamford Street, SE1 9NH London, UK
| | - Zudong Liu
- Hangzhou Zede Pharma-Tech Co. Ltd., Hangzhou 311121, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Guolin Zhang
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Robert C Hider
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, Franklin-Wilkins Building, King's College London, 150 Stamford Street, SE1 9NH London, UK
| | - Yongping Yu
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, Zhejiang Province, China
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Abstract
Measurement of blood glucose concentration is a common end point in studies using animal models of diabetes. Usually a blood glucose meter is used to measure non-fasted blood glucose concentrations, typically at frequencies of between 1 and 7 times per week. This process involves pricking the tip of the tail to collect a small blood sample (0.5-5 μL), which could potentially cause a stress response and affect blood glucose concentrations. Moreover, with blood glucose concentrations constantly fluctuating in response to feeding and activity, a single-point measurement can easily misrepresent the actual glycemic control of the animal. In this chapter, we discuss the use of continuous glucose monitoring in mice by radio-telemetry which allows second-by-second changes in blood glucose to be captured without restraining the mouse. Glucose excursions rather than single-point measurements may prove more useful in detecting effects of treatments, and lack of handling may avoid stress responses causing artefacts. We outline what is involved in implanting such devices into mice including some practical tips to maximize success.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aileen J F King
- Department of Diabetes, School of Life Course Sciences, King's College London, London, UK.
| | - Matilda R Kennard
- Department of Diabetes, School of Life Course Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Manasi Nandi
- School of Cancer & Pharmaceutical Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
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20
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Bailey JD, Diotallevi M, Nicol T, McNeill E, Shaw A, Chuaiphichai S, Hale A, Starr A, Nandi M, Stylianou E, McShane H, Davis S, Fischer R, Kessler BM, McCullagh J, Channon KM, Crabtree MJ. Nitric Oxide Modulates Metabolic Remodeling in Inflammatory Macrophages through TCA Cycle Regulation and Itaconate Accumulation. Cell Rep 2019; 28:218-230.e7. [PMID: 31269442 PMCID: PMC6616861 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2019.06.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 132] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2018] [Revised: 02/25/2019] [Accepted: 06/05/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Classical activation of macrophages (M(LPS+IFNγ)) elicits the expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), generating large amounts of NO and inhibiting mitochondrial respiration. Upregulation of glycolysis and a disrupted tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle underpin this switch to a pro-inflammatory phenotype. We show that the NOS cofactor tetrahydrobiopterin (BH4) modulates IL-1β production and key aspects of metabolic remodeling in activated murine macrophages via NO production. Using two complementary genetic models, we reveal that NO modulates levels of the essential TCA cycle metabolites citrate and succinate, as well as the inflammatory mediator itaconate. Furthermore, NO regulates macrophage respiratory function via changes in the abundance of critical N-module subunits in Complex I. However, NO-deficient cells can still upregulate glycolysis despite changes in the abundance of glycolytic intermediates and proteins involved in glucose metabolism. Our findings reveal a fundamental role for iNOS-derived NO in regulating metabolic remodeling and cytokine production in the pro-inflammatory macrophage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jade D Bailey
- BHF Centre of Research Excellence, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK
| | - Marina Diotallevi
- BHF Centre of Research Excellence, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK
| | - Thomas Nicol
- BHF Centre of Research Excellence, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK
| | - Eileen McNeill
- BHF Centre of Research Excellence, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK
| | - Andrew Shaw
- BHF Centre of Research Excellence, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK
| | - Surawee Chuaiphichai
- BHF Centre of Research Excellence, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK
| | - Ashley Hale
- BHF Centre of Research Excellence, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK
| | - Anna Starr
- School of Cancer and Pharmaceutical Science, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, London SE1 9NH, UK
| | - Manasi Nandi
- School of Cancer and Pharmaceutical Science, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, London SE1 9NH, UK
| | | | - Helen McShane
- Jenner Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7DQ, UK
| | - Simon Davis
- Target Discovery Institute, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford OX3 7FZ, UK
| | - Roman Fischer
- Target Discovery Institute, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford OX3 7FZ, UK
| | - Benedikt M Kessler
- Target Discovery Institute, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford OX3 7FZ, UK
| | - James McCullagh
- Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, UK
| | - Keith M Channon
- BHF Centre of Research Excellence, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK.
| | - Mark J Crabtree
- BHF Centre of Research Excellence, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK.
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21
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Abstract
Current arterial pulse monitoring systems capture data at high frequencies (100-1000 Hz). However, they typically report averaged or low frequency summary data such as heart rate and systolic, mean and diastolic blood pressure. In doing so, a potential wealth of information contained in the high-fidelity waveform data is discarded, data which has long been known to contain useful information on cardiovascular performance. Here we summarise a new mathematical method, attractor reconstruction, which enables the quantification of arterial waveform shape and variability in real-time. The method can handle long streams of non-stationary data and does not require preprocessing of the raw physiological data by the end user. Whilst the detailed mathematical proofs have been described elsewhere (Aston et al 2008 Physiol. Meas. 39), the authors were motivated to write a summary of the method and its potential utility for biomedical researchers, physiologists and clinician readers. Here we illustrate how this new method may supplement and potentially enhance the sensitivity of detecting cardiovascular disturbances, to aid with biomedical research and clinical decision making.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manasi Nandi
- School of Cancer and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, Franklin Wilkins Building, 150 Stamford Street, London SE1 9NH, United Kingdom. School of Cardiovascular Medicine and Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, Franklin Wilkins Building, 150 Stamford Street, London SE1 9NH, United Kingdom
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22
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Nandi M. H – Big data for biologists: A maths in medicine case study. Toxicol Lett 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2018.06.1083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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23
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Amison RT, O'Shaughnessy BG, Arnold S, Cleary SJ, Nandi M, Pitchford SC, Bragonzi A, Page CP. Platelet Depletion Impairs Host Defense to Pulmonary Infection with Pseudomonas aeruginosa in Mice. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2018; 58:331-340. [PMID: 28957635 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2017-0083oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Platelets have been implicated in pulmonary inflammatory cell recruitment after exposure to allergic and nonallergic stimuli, but little is known about the role of platelets in response to pulmonary infection with Pseudomonas aeruginosa. In this study, we have investigated the impact of the experimental depletion of circulating platelets on a range of inflammatory and bacterial parameters, and their subsequent impact on mortality in a murine model of pulmonary infection with P. aeruginosa. P. aeruginosa infection in mice induced a mild, but significant, state of peripheral thrombocytopenia in addition to pulmonary platelet accumulation. Increased platelet activation was detected in infected mice through increased levels of the platelet-derived mediators, platelet factor-4 and β-thromboglobulin, in BAL fluid and blood plasma. In mice depleted of circulating platelets, pulmonary neutrophil recruitment was significantly reduced 24 hours after infection, whereas the incidence of systemic dissemination of bacteria was significantly increased compared with non-platelet-depleted control mice. Furthermore, mortality rates were increased in bacterial-infected mice depleted of circulating platelets. This work demonstrates a role for platelets in the host response toward a gram-negative bacterial respiratory infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard T Amison
- 1 Sackler Institute of Pulmonary Pharmacology, Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and
| | - Blaze G O'Shaughnessy
- 1 Sackler Institute of Pulmonary Pharmacology, Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and
| | - Stephanie Arnold
- 1 Sackler Institute of Pulmonary Pharmacology, Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and
| | - Simon J Cleary
- 1 Sackler Institute of Pulmonary Pharmacology, Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and
| | - Manasi Nandi
- 2 British Heart Foundation Centre for Cardiovascular Research, King's College London, London, United Kingdom; and
| | - Simon C Pitchford
- 1 Sackler Institute of Pulmonary Pharmacology, Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and
| | - Alessandra Bragonzi
- 3 Infections and Cystic Fibrosis Unit, Division of Immunology, Transplantation, and Infectious Diseases, Scientific Institute for Research, Hospitalisation and Health Care San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Clive P Page
- 1 Sackler Institute of Pulmonary Pharmacology, Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and
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24
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Heikal L, Starr A, Hussein D, Prieto-Lloret J, Aaronson P, Dailey LA, Nandi M. l-Phenylalanine Restores Vascular Function in Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats Through Activation of the GCH1-GFRP Complex. JACC Basic Transl Sci 2018; 3:366-377. [PMID: 29963647 PMCID: PMC6018612 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacbts.2018.01.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2017] [Revised: 10/27/2017] [Accepted: 01/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Tetrahydrobiopterin is an essential cofactor for NO production. Limitation of endogenous tetrahydrobiopterin reduces NO bioavailability, enhances oxidative stress, and impairs vascular function. Orally supplemented tetrahydrobiopterin has therapeutic challenges because it is rapidly oxidized in vivo. Here, the authors demonstrate that l-phenylalanine, when administered orally, raises vascular tetrahydrobiopterin, restores NO, reduces superoxide, and enhances vascular function in spontaneously hypertensive rats. This effect is achieved by activation of a protein complex (GCH1-GFRP) involved in the biosynthesis of tetrahydrobiopterin. Activation of this protein complex by l-phenylalanine or its analogues represents a novel therapeutic target for vascular disorders underpinned by reduced NO bioavailability.
Reduced nitric oxide (NO) bioavailability correlates with impaired cardiovascular function. NO is extremely labile and has been challenging to develop as a therapeutic agent. However, NO bioavailability could be enhanced by pharmacologically targeting endogenous NO regulatory pathways. Tetrahydrobiopterin, an essential cofactor for NO production, is synthesized by GTP cyclohydrolase-1 (GCH1), which complexes with GCH1 feedback regulatory protein (GFRP). The dietary amino acid l-phenylalanine activates this complex, elevating vascular BH4. Here, the authors demonstrate that l-phenylalanine administration restores vascular function in a rodent model of hypertension, suggesting the GCH1-GFRP complex represents a rational therapeutic target for diseases underpinned by endothelial dysfunction.
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Key Words
- ACh, acetylcholine
- ANOVA, analysis of variance
- BH2, dihydrobiopterin
- BH4, tetrahydrobiopterin
- EC50, effective concentration for 50% maximal response
- EDHF, endothelium derived hyperpolarizing factor
- GCH1, GTP cyclohydrolase-1
- GFRP, GCH1 feedback regulatory protein
- L-phe, l-phenylalanine
- L-tyr, l-tyrosine
- NO, nitric oxide
- ROS, reactive oxygen species
- SHR, spontaneously hypertensive rat(s)
- WKY, Wistar Kyoto rat(s)
- cardiovascular disease
- eNOS, endothelial nitric oxide synthase
- endothelium
- l-phenylalanine
- nitric oxide
- tetrahydrobiopterin
- vascular activity
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Affiliation(s)
- Lamia Heikal
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Anna Starr
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Dania Hussein
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Jesus Prieto-Lloret
- Division of Asthma, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Phil Aaronson
- Division of Asthma, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Lea Ann Dailey
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Manasi Nandi
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, London, United Kingdom.,Cardiovascular Division, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
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25
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Aston PJ, Christie MI, Huang YH, Nandi M. Beyond HRV: attractor reconstruction using the entire cardiovascular waveform data for novel feature extraction. Physiol Meas 2018; 39:024001. [PMID: 29350622 PMCID: PMC5831644 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6579/aaa93d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Advances in monitoring technology allow blood pressure waveforms to be collected at sampling frequencies of 250-1000 Hz for long time periods. However, much of the raw data are under-analysed. Heart rate variability (HRV) methods, in which beat-to-beat interval lengths are extracted and analysed, have been extensively studied. However, this approach discards the majority of the raw data. OBJECTIVE Our aim is to detect changes in the shape of the waveform in long streams of blood pressure data. APPROACH Our approach involves extracting key features from large complex data sets by generating a reconstructed attractor in a three-dimensional phase space using delay coordinates from a window of the entire raw waveform data. The naturally occurring baseline variation is removed by projecting the attractor onto a plane from which new quantitative measures are obtained. The time window is moved through the data to give a collection of signals which relate to various aspects of the waveform shape. MAIN RESULTS This approach enables visualisation and quantification of changes in the waveform shape and has been applied to blood pressure data collected from conscious unrestrained mice and to human blood pressure data. The interpretation of the attractor measures is aided by the analysis of simple artificial waveforms. SIGNIFICANCE We have developed and analysed a new method for analysing blood pressure data that uses all of the waveform data and hence can detect changes in the waveform shape that HRV methods cannot, which is confirmed with an example, and hence our method goes 'beyond HRV'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip J Aston
- Department of Mathematics, University of Surrey, Guildford, Surrey GU2 7XH, United Kingdom
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26
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Nandi M, Mandal SK, Samanta M, Majhi A, Das MK. Efficacy of Mycophenolate Mofetil as a Remission Maintaining Agent in Idiopathic Childhood Nephrotic Syndrome. Indian J Nephrol 2018; 29:34-41. [PMID: 30814791 PMCID: PMC6375015 DOI: 10.4103/ijn.ijn_330_17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Of all cases of idiopathic steroid-sensitive nephrotic syndrome (NS) in children, 40%-75% cases need long-term continuous steroids and/or other immunosuppressants to maintain remission, the effects of which on growth and renal function remain an issue of concern. The study aimed at exploring the safety and efficacy of mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) as a remission-maintaining agent in children with a diagnosis of frequent relapsing or steroid-dependent NS (FRNS/SDNS) requiring continuous medication for at least 1 year. Thirty-two children thus included received MMF (1000-1200 mg/m2/day) for 7 months along with tapering doses of oral prednisolone if it was being given from before with an attempt at tapering at 0.25 mg/kg/month ultimately stopping it altogether. Individuals were followed up for at least 5 more months after stopping MMF. Out of 32 children, 26 had SDNS and 6 had FRNS with male:female ratio being 2.2:1. The mean standard deviation (± SD) age of onset of disease was 2.72 ± 1.3 years and that entry to the study was 7.17 ± 2.2 years. Significant fall in number of relapses was observed following the introduction of MMF (110 in pre-MMF12 month period vs. 52 in post-MMF 12 months [p = 0.002]). The mean relapse rate/year/patient also decreased from 3.43 ± 1.26 to 1.62 ± 1.14 after entry in the study. Significant reduction of the cumulative dose of steroid regarding mean ± SD of mg/kg/year was also found following the introduction of MMF (190.9 ± 47.81 vs. 119.09 ± 60.09 [p = 0.001]). MMF is an efficacious agent in maintaining remission and reducing steroid requirement in children with FRNS and SDNS.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Nandi
- Department of Pediatrics, NRS Medical College, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - S K Mandal
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine and Sagore Dutta Hospital, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - M Samanta
- Department of Pediatrics, NRS Medical College, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - A Majhi
- Department of Pediatrics, NRS Medical College, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - M K Das
- Department of Pediatrics, IPGMER, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
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Wilde E, Aubdool AA, Thakore P, Baldissera L, Alawi KM, Keeble J, Nandi M, Brain SD. Tail-Cuff Technique and Its Influence on Central Blood Pressure in the Mouse. J Am Heart Assoc 2017; 6:JAHA.116.005204. [PMID: 28655735 PMCID: PMC5669161 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.116.005204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
Background Reliable measurement of blood pressure in conscious mice is essential in cardiovascular research. Telemetry, the “gold‐standard” technique, is invasive and expensive and therefore tail‐cuff, a noninvasive alternative, is widely used. However, tail‐cuff requires handling and restraint during measurement, which may cause stress affecting blood pressure and undermining reliability of the results. Methods and Results C57Bl/6J mice were implanted with radio‐telemetry probes to investigate the effects of the steps of the tail‐cuff technique on central blood pressure, heart rate, and temperature. This included comparison of handling techniques, operator's sex, habituation, and influence of hypertension induced by angiotensin II. Direct comparison of measurements obtained by telemetry and tail‐cuff were made in the same mouse. The results revealed significant increases in central blood pressure, heart rate, and core body temperature from baseline following handling interventions without significant difference among the different handling technique, habituation, or sex of the investigator. Restraint induced the largest and sustained increase in cardiovascular parameters and temperature. The tail‐cuff readings significantly underestimated those from simultaneous telemetry recordings; however, “nonsimultaneous” telemetry, obtained in undisturbed mice, were similar to tail‐cuff readings obtained in undisturbed mice on the same day. Conclusions This study reveals that the tail‐cuff technique underestimates the core blood pressure changes that occur simultaneously during the restraint and measurement phases. However, the measurements between the 2 techniques are similar when tail‐cuff readings are compared with telemetry readings in the nondisturbed mice. The differences between the simultaneous recordings by the 2 techniques should be recognized by researchers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Wilde
- Vascular Biology and Inflammation Section, BHF Cardiovascular Centre of Research Excellence, Cardiovascular Division, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Aisah A Aubdool
- Vascular Biology and Inflammation Section, BHF Cardiovascular Centre of Research Excellence, Cardiovascular Division, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Pratish Thakore
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Division, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Lineu Baldissera
- Vascular Biology and Inflammation Section, BHF Cardiovascular Centre of Research Excellence, Cardiovascular Division, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Khadija M Alawi
- Vascular Biology and Inflammation Section, BHF Cardiovascular Centre of Research Excellence, Cardiovascular Division, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Julie Keeble
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Division, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Manasi Nandi
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Division, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Susan D Brain
- Vascular Biology and Inflammation Section, BHF Cardiovascular Centre of Research Excellence, Cardiovascular Division, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
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Aubdool AA, Thakore P, Argunhan F, Smillie SJ, Schnelle M, Srivastava S, Alawi KM, Wilde E, Mitchell J, Farrell-Dillon K, Richards DA, Maltese G, Siow RC, Nandi M, Clark JE, Shah AM, Sams A, Brain SD. A Novel α-Calcitonin Gene-Related Peptide Analogue Protects Against End-Organ Damage in Experimental Hypertension, Cardiac Hypertrophy, and Heart Failure. Circulation 2017; 136:367-383. [PMID: 28446517 PMCID: PMC5519346 DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.117.028388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2017] [Accepted: 04/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Supplemental Digital Content is available in the text. Research into the therapeutic potential of α-calcitonin gene–related peptide (α-CGRP) has been limited because of its peptide nature and short half-life. Here, we evaluate whether a novel potent and long-lasting (t½ ≥7 hours) acylated α-CGRP analogue (αAnalogue) could alleviate and reverse cardiovascular disease in 2 distinct murine models of hypertension and heart failure in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aisah A Aubdool
- From Cardiovascular Division, BHF Centre of Research Excellence and Centre of Integrative Biomedicine, King's College London, United Kingdom (A.A.A., F.A., S.-J.S., S.S., K.M.A., E.W., J.M., K.F.-D., G.M., R.C.S., S.D.B.); Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, King's College London, United Kingdom (P.T., M.N.); Cardiovascular Division, BHF Centre of Research Excellence, James Black Centre, King's College London, United Kingdom (M.S., D.A.R., A.M.S.); Department of Cardiology and Pneumology, Medical Center Goettingen, Germany (M.S.); Cardiovascular Division, BHF Centre of Research Excellence, Rayne Institute, St Thomas' Hospital, King's College London, United Kingdom (J.E.C.); Novo Nordisk A/S, Diabetic Complications Biology, Novo Nordisk Park, Maaloev, Denmark (A.S.); and Department of Clinical Experimental Research, Glostrup Research Institute, Rigshospitalet, Denmark (A.S.)
| | - Pratish Thakore
- From Cardiovascular Division, BHF Centre of Research Excellence and Centre of Integrative Biomedicine, King's College London, United Kingdom (A.A.A., F.A., S.-J.S., S.S., K.M.A., E.W., J.M., K.F.-D., G.M., R.C.S., S.D.B.); Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, King's College London, United Kingdom (P.T., M.N.); Cardiovascular Division, BHF Centre of Research Excellence, James Black Centre, King's College London, United Kingdom (M.S., D.A.R., A.M.S.); Department of Cardiology and Pneumology, Medical Center Goettingen, Germany (M.S.); Cardiovascular Division, BHF Centre of Research Excellence, Rayne Institute, St Thomas' Hospital, King's College London, United Kingdom (J.E.C.); Novo Nordisk A/S, Diabetic Complications Biology, Novo Nordisk Park, Maaloev, Denmark (A.S.); and Department of Clinical Experimental Research, Glostrup Research Institute, Rigshospitalet, Denmark (A.S.)
| | - Fulye Argunhan
- From Cardiovascular Division, BHF Centre of Research Excellence and Centre of Integrative Biomedicine, King's College London, United Kingdom (A.A.A., F.A., S.-J.S., S.S., K.M.A., E.W., J.M., K.F.-D., G.M., R.C.S., S.D.B.); Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, King's College London, United Kingdom (P.T., M.N.); Cardiovascular Division, BHF Centre of Research Excellence, James Black Centre, King's College London, United Kingdom (M.S., D.A.R., A.M.S.); Department of Cardiology and Pneumology, Medical Center Goettingen, Germany (M.S.); Cardiovascular Division, BHF Centre of Research Excellence, Rayne Institute, St Thomas' Hospital, King's College London, United Kingdom (J.E.C.); Novo Nordisk A/S, Diabetic Complications Biology, Novo Nordisk Park, Maaloev, Denmark (A.S.); and Department of Clinical Experimental Research, Glostrup Research Institute, Rigshospitalet, Denmark (A.S.)
| | - Sarah-Jane Smillie
- From Cardiovascular Division, BHF Centre of Research Excellence and Centre of Integrative Biomedicine, King's College London, United Kingdom (A.A.A., F.A., S.-J.S., S.S., K.M.A., E.W., J.M., K.F.-D., G.M., R.C.S., S.D.B.); Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, King's College London, United Kingdom (P.T., M.N.); Cardiovascular Division, BHF Centre of Research Excellence, James Black Centre, King's College London, United Kingdom (M.S., D.A.R., A.M.S.); Department of Cardiology and Pneumology, Medical Center Goettingen, Germany (M.S.); Cardiovascular Division, BHF Centre of Research Excellence, Rayne Institute, St Thomas' Hospital, King's College London, United Kingdom (J.E.C.); Novo Nordisk A/S, Diabetic Complications Biology, Novo Nordisk Park, Maaloev, Denmark (A.S.); and Department of Clinical Experimental Research, Glostrup Research Institute, Rigshospitalet, Denmark (A.S.)
| | - Moritz Schnelle
- From Cardiovascular Division, BHF Centre of Research Excellence and Centre of Integrative Biomedicine, King's College London, United Kingdom (A.A.A., F.A., S.-J.S., S.S., K.M.A., E.W., J.M., K.F.-D., G.M., R.C.S., S.D.B.); Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, King's College London, United Kingdom (P.T., M.N.); Cardiovascular Division, BHF Centre of Research Excellence, James Black Centre, King's College London, United Kingdom (M.S., D.A.R., A.M.S.); Department of Cardiology and Pneumology, Medical Center Goettingen, Germany (M.S.); Cardiovascular Division, BHF Centre of Research Excellence, Rayne Institute, St Thomas' Hospital, King's College London, United Kingdom (J.E.C.); Novo Nordisk A/S, Diabetic Complications Biology, Novo Nordisk Park, Maaloev, Denmark (A.S.); and Department of Clinical Experimental Research, Glostrup Research Institute, Rigshospitalet, Denmark (A.S.)
| | - Salil Srivastava
- From Cardiovascular Division, BHF Centre of Research Excellence and Centre of Integrative Biomedicine, King's College London, United Kingdom (A.A.A., F.A., S.-J.S., S.S., K.M.A., E.W., J.M., K.F.-D., G.M., R.C.S., S.D.B.); Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, King's College London, United Kingdom (P.T., M.N.); Cardiovascular Division, BHF Centre of Research Excellence, James Black Centre, King's College London, United Kingdom (M.S., D.A.R., A.M.S.); Department of Cardiology and Pneumology, Medical Center Goettingen, Germany (M.S.); Cardiovascular Division, BHF Centre of Research Excellence, Rayne Institute, St Thomas' Hospital, King's College London, United Kingdom (J.E.C.); Novo Nordisk A/S, Diabetic Complications Biology, Novo Nordisk Park, Maaloev, Denmark (A.S.); and Department of Clinical Experimental Research, Glostrup Research Institute, Rigshospitalet, Denmark (A.S.)
| | - Khadija M Alawi
- From Cardiovascular Division, BHF Centre of Research Excellence and Centre of Integrative Biomedicine, King's College London, United Kingdom (A.A.A., F.A., S.-J.S., S.S., K.M.A., E.W., J.M., K.F.-D., G.M., R.C.S., S.D.B.); Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, King's College London, United Kingdom (P.T., M.N.); Cardiovascular Division, BHF Centre of Research Excellence, James Black Centre, King's College London, United Kingdom (M.S., D.A.R., A.M.S.); Department of Cardiology and Pneumology, Medical Center Goettingen, Germany (M.S.); Cardiovascular Division, BHF Centre of Research Excellence, Rayne Institute, St Thomas' Hospital, King's College London, United Kingdom (J.E.C.); Novo Nordisk A/S, Diabetic Complications Biology, Novo Nordisk Park, Maaloev, Denmark (A.S.); and Department of Clinical Experimental Research, Glostrup Research Institute, Rigshospitalet, Denmark (A.S.)
| | - Elena Wilde
- From Cardiovascular Division, BHF Centre of Research Excellence and Centre of Integrative Biomedicine, King's College London, United Kingdom (A.A.A., F.A., S.-J.S., S.S., K.M.A., E.W., J.M., K.F.-D., G.M., R.C.S., S.D.B.); Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, King's College London, United Kingdom (P.T., M.N.); Cardiovascular Division, BHF Centre of Research Excellence, James Black Centre, King's College London, United Kingdom (M.S., D.A.R., A.M.S.); Department of Cardiology and Pneumology, Medical Center Goettingen, Germany (M.S.); Cardiovascular Division, BHF Centre of Research Excellence, Rayne Institute, St Thomas' Hospital, King's College London, United Kingdom (J.E.C.); Novo Nordisk A/S, Diabetic Complications Biology, Novo Nordisk Park, Maaloev, Denmark (A.S.); and Department of Clinical Experimental Research, Glostrup Research Institute, Rigshospitalet, Denmark (A.S.)
| | - Jennifer Mitchell
- From Cardiovascular Division, BHF Centre of Research Excellence and Centre of Integrative Biomedicine, King's College London, United Kingdom (A.A.A., F.A., S.-J.S., S.S., K.M.A., E.W., J.M., K.F.-D., G.M., R.C.S., S.D.B.); Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, King's College London, United Kingdom (P.T., M.N.); Cardiovascular Division, BHF Centre of Research Excellence, James Black Centre, King's College London, United Kingdom (M.S., D.A.R., A.M.S.); Department of Cardiology and Pneumology, Medical Center Goettingen, Germany (M.S.); Cardiovascular Division, BHF Centre of Research Excellence, Rayne Institute, St Thomas' Hospital, King's College London, United Kingdom (J.E.C.); Novo Nordisk A/S, Diabetic Complications Biology, Novo Nordisk Park, Maaloev, Denmark (A.S.); and Department of Clinical Experimental Research, Glostrup Research Institute, Rigshospitalet, Denmark (A.S.)
| | - Keith Farrell-Dillon
- From Cardiovascular Division, BHF Centre of Research Excellence and Centre of Integrative Biomedicine, King's College London, United Kingdom (A.A.A., F.A., S.-J.S., S.S., K.M.A., E.W., J.M., K.F.-D., G.M., R.C.S., S.D.B.); Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, King's College London, United Kingdom (P.T., M.N.); Cardiovascular Division, BHF Centre of Research Excellence, James Black Centre, King's College London, United Kingdom (M.S., D.A.R., A.M.S.); Department of Cardiology and Pneumology, Medical Center Goettingen, Germany (M.S.); Cardiovascular Division, BHF Centre of Research Excellence, Rayne Institute, St Thomas' Hospital, King's College London, United Kingdom (J.E.C.); Novo Nordisk A/S, Diabetic Complications Biology, Novo Nordisk Park, Maaloev, Denmark (A.S.); and Department of Clinical Experimental Research, Glostrup Research Institute, Rigshospitalet, Denmark (A.S.)
| | - Daniel A Richards
- From Cardiovascular Division, BHF Centre of Research Excellence and Centre of Integrative Biomedicine, King's College London, United Kingdom (A.A.A., F.A., S.-J.S., S.S., K.M.A., E.W., J.M., K.F.-D., G.M., R.C.S., S.D.B.); Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, King's College London, United Kingdom (P.T., M.N.); Cardiovascular Division, BHF Centre of Research Excellence, James Black Centre, King's College London, United Kingdom (M.S., D.A.R., A.M.S.); Department of Cardiology and Pneumology, Medical Center Goettingen, Germany (M.S.); Cardiovascular Division, BHF Centre of Research Excellence, Rayne Institute, St Thomas' Hospital, King's College London, United Kingdom (J.E.C.); Novo Nordisk A/S, Diabetic Complications Biology, Novo Nordisk Park, Maaloev, Denmark (A.S.); and Department of Clinical Experimental Research, Glostrup Research Institute, Rigshospitalet, Denmark (A.S.)
| | - Giuseppe Maltese
- From Cardiovascular Division, BHF Centre of Research Excellence and Centre of Integrative Biomedicine, King's College London, United Kingdom (A.A.A., F.A., S.-J.S., S.S., K.M.A., E.W., J.M., K.F.-D., G.M., R.C.S., S.D.B.); Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, King's College London, United Kingdom (P.T., M.N.); Cardiovascular Division, BHF Centre of Research Excellence, James Black Centre, King's College London, United Kingdom (M.S., D.A.R., A.M.S.); Department of Cardiology and Pneumology, Medical Center Goettingen, Germany (M.S.); Cardiovascular Division, BHF Centre of Research Excellence, Rayne Institute, St Thomas' Hospital, King's College London, United Kingdom (J.E.C.); Novo Nordisk A/S, Diabetic Complications Biology, Novo Nordisk Park, Maaloev, Denmark (A.S.); and Department of Clinical Experimental Research, Glostrup Research Institute, Rigshospitalet, Denmark (A.S.)
| | - Richard C Siow
- From Cardiovascular Division, BHF Centre of Research Excellence and Centre of Integrative Biomedicine, King's College London, United Kingdom (A.A.A., F.A., S.-J.S., S.S., K.M.A., E.W., J.M., K.F.-D., G.M., R.C.S., S.D.B.); Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, King's College London, United Kingdom (P.T., M.N.); Cardiovascular Division, BHF Centre of Research Excellence, James Black Centre, King's College London, United Kingdom (M.S., D.A.R., A.M.S.); Department of Cardiology and Pneumology, Medical Center Goettingen, Germany (M.S.); Cardiovascular Division, BHF Centre of Research Excellence, Rayne Institute, St Thomas' Hospital, King's College London, United Kingdom (J.E.C.); Novo Nordisk A/S, Diabetic Complications Biology, Novo Nordisk Park, Maaloev, Denmark (A.S.); and Department of Clinical Experimental Research, Glostrup Research Institute, Rigshospitalet, Denmark (A.S.)
| | - Manasi Nandi
- From Cardiovascular Division, BHF Centre of Research Excellence and Centre of Integrative Biomedicine, King's College London, United Kingdom (A.A.A., F.A., S.-J.S., S.S., K.M.A., E.W., J.M., K.F.-D., G.M., R.C.S., S.D.B.); Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, King's College London, United Kingdom (P.T., M.N.); Cardiovascular Division, BHF Centre of Research Excellence, James Black Centre, King's College London, United Kingdom (M.S., D.A.R., A.M.S.); Department of Cardiology and Pneumology, Medical Center Goettingen, Germany (M.S.); Cardiovascular Division, BHF Centre of Research Excellence, Rayne Institute, St Thomas' Hospital, King's College London, United Kingdom (J.E.C.); Novo Nordisk A/S, Diabetic Complications Biology, Novo Nordisk Park, Maaloev, Denmark (A.S.); and Department of Clinical Experimental Research, Glostrup Research Institute, Rigshospitalet, Denmark (A.S.)
| | - James E Clark
- From Cardiovascular Division, BHF Centre of Research Excellence and Centre of Integrative Biomedicine, King's College London, United Kingdom (A.A.A., F.A., S.-J.S., S.S., K.M.A., E.W., J.M., K.F.-D., G.M., R.C.S., S.D.B.); Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, King's College London, United Kingdom (P.T., M.N.); Cardiovascular Division, BHF Centre of Research Excellence, James Black Centre, King's College London, United Kingdom (M.S., D.A.R., A.M.S.); Department of Cardiology and Pneumology, Medical Center Goettingen, Germany (M.S.); Cardiovascular Division, BHF Centre of Research Excellence, Rayne Institute, St Thomas' Hospital, King's College London, United Kingdom (J.E.C.); Novo Nordisk A/S, Diabetic Complications Biology, Novo Nordisk Park, Maaloev, Denmark (A.S.); and Department of Clinical Experimental Research, Glostrup Research Institute, Rigshospitalet, Denmark (A.S.)
| | - Ajay M Shah
- From Cardiovascular Division, BHF Centre of Research Excellence and Centre of Integrative Biomedicine, King's College London, United Kingdom (A.A.A., F.A., S.-J.S., S.S., K.M.A., E.W., J.M., K.F.-D., G.M., R.C.S., S.D.B.); Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, King's College London, United Kingdom (P.T., M.N.); Cardiovascular Division, BHF Centre of Research Excellence, James Black Centre, King's College London, United Kingdom (M.S., D.A.R., A.M.S.); Department of Cardiology and Pneumology, Medical Center Goettingen, Germany (M.S.); Cardiovascular Division, BHF Centre of Research Excellence, Rayne Institute, St Thomas' Hospital, King's College London, United Kingdom (J.E.C.); Novo Nordisk A/S, Diabetic Complications Biology, Novo Nordisk Park, Maaloev, Denmark (A.S.); and Department of Clinical Experimental Research, Glostrup Research Institute, Rigshospitalet, Denmark (A.S.)
| | - Anette Sams
- From Cardiovascular Division, BHF Centre of Research Excellence and Centre of Integrative Biomedicine, King's College London, United Kingdom (A.A.A., F.A., S.-J.S., S.S., K.M.A., E.W., J.M., K.F.-D., G.M., R.C.S., S.D.B.); Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, King's College London, United Kingdom (P.T., M.N.); Cardiovascular Division, BHF Centre of Research Excellence, James Black Centre, King's College London, United Kingdom (M.S., D.A.R., A.M.S.); Department of Cardiology and Pneumology, Medical Center Goettingen, Germany (M.S.); Cardiovascular Division, BHF Centre of Research Excellence, Rayne Institute, St Thomas' Hospital, King's College London, United Kingdom (J.E.C.); Novo Nordisk A/S, Diabetic Complications Biology, Novo Nordisk Park, Maaloev, Denmark (A.S.); and Department of Clinical Experimental Research, Glostrup Research Institute, Rigshospitalet, Denmark (A.S.)
| | - Susan D Brain
- From Cardiovascular Division, BHF Centre of Research Excellence and Centre of Integrative Biomedicine, King's College London, United Kingdom (A.A.A., F.A., S.-J.S., S.S., K.M.A., E.W., J.M., K.F.-D., G.M., R.C.S., S.D.B.); Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, King's College London, United Kingdom (P.T., M.N.); Cardiovascular Division, BHF Centre of Research Excellence, James Black Centre, King's College London, United Kingdom (M.S., D.A.R., A.M.S.); Department of Cardiology and Pneumology, Medical Center Goettingen, Germany (M.S.); Cardiovascular Division, BHF Centre of Research Excellence, Rayne Institute, St Thomas' Hospital, King's College London, United Kingdom (J.E.C.); Novo Nordisk A/S, Diabetic Complications Biology, Novo Nordisk Park, Maaloev, Denmark (A.S.); and Department of Clinical Experimental Research, Glostrup Research Institute, Rigshospitalet, Denmark (A.S.).
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King AJF, Austin ALF, Nandi M, Bowe JE. Diabetes in Rats Is Cured by Islet Transplantation…But Only During Daytime. Cell Transplant 2016; 26:171-172. [PMID: 27502050 DOI: 10.3727/096368916x692258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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Heikal L, Starr A, Martin GP, Nandi M, Dailey LA. In vivo pharmacological activity and biodistribution of S-nitrosophytochelatins after intravenous and intranasal administration in mice. Nitric Oxide 2016; 59:1-9. [PMID: 27350118 PMCID: PMC5045922 DOI: 10.1016/j.niox.2016.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2016] [Accepted: 06/23/2016] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
S-nitrosophytochelatins (SNOPCs) are novel analogues of S-nitrosoglutathione (GSNO) with the advantage of carrying varying ratios of S-nitrosothiol (SNO) moieties per molecule. Our aim was to investigate the in vivo pharmacological potency and biodistribution of these new GSNO analogues after intravenous (i.v.) and intranasal (i.n.) administration in mice. SNOPCs with either two or six SNO groups and GSNO were synthesized and characterized for purity. Compounds were administered i.v. or i.n. at 1 μmol NO/kg body weight to CD-1 mice. Blood pressure was measured and biodistribution studies of total nitrate and nitrite species (NOx) and phytochelatins were performed after i.v. administration. At equivalent doses of NO, it was observed that SNOPC-6 generated a rapid and significantly greater reduction in blood pressure (∼60% reduction compared to saline) whereas GSNO and SNOPC-2 only achieved a 30-35% decrease. The reduction in blood pressure was transient and recovered to baseline levels within ∼2 min for all compounds. NOx species were transiently elevated (over 5 min) in the plasma, lung, heart and liver. Interestingly, a size-dependent phytochelatin accumulation was observed in several tissues including the heart, lungs, kidney, brain and liver. Biodistribution profiles of NOx were also obtained after i.n. administration, showing significant lung retention of NOx over 15 min with minor systemic increases observed from 5 to 15 min. In summary, this study has revealed interesting in vivo pharmacological properties of SNOPCs, with regard to their dramatic hypotensive effects and differing biodistribution patterns following two different routes of administration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lamia Heikal
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Life Science & Medicine, King's College London, 150 Stamford Street, London, SE1 9NH, UK
| | - Anna Starr
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Life Science & Medicine, King's College London, 150 Stamford Street, London, SE1 9NH, UK
| | - Gary P Martin
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Life Science & Medicine, King's College London, 150 Stamford Street, London, SE1 9NH, UK
| | - Manasi Nandi
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Life Science & Medicine, King's College London, 150 Stamford Street, London, SE1 9NH, UK.
| | - Lea Ann Dailey
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Life Science & Medicine, King's College London, 150 Stamford Street, London, SE1 9NH, UK
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31
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Ghosh S, Nandi M, Pal S, Mukhopadhyay D, Chakraborty BC, Khatun M, Bhowmick D, Mondal RK, Das S, Das K, Ghosh R, Banerjee S, Santra A, Chatterjee M, Chowdhury A, Datta S. Natural killer cells contribute to hepatic injury and help in viral persistence during progression of hepatitis B e-antigen-negative chronic hepatitis B virus infection. Clin Microbiol Infect 2016; 22:733.e9-733.e19. [PMID: 27208430 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmi.2016.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2016] [Revised: 04/05/2016] [Accepted: 05/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Hepatitis B e-antigen negative (e(-)) chronic HBV infection (CHI) encompasses a heterogeneous clinical spectrum ranging from inactive carrier (IC) state to e(-) chronic hepatitis B (CHB), cirrhosis and hepatic decompensation. In the backdrop of dysfunctional virus-specific T cells, natural killer (NK) cells are emerging as innate effectors in CHI. We characterized CD3(-) CD56(+) NK cells in clinically well-defined, treatment-naive e(-) patients in IC, e(-)CHB or decompensated liver cirrhosis (LC) phase to appraise their role in disease progression. The NK cell frequencies increased progressively with disease severity (IC 8.2%, e(-)CHB 13.2% and LC 14.4%). Higher proportion of NK cells from LC/e(-)CHB expressed CD69, NKp46, NKp44, TRAIL and perforin, the last two being prominent features of CD56(bright) and CD56(dim) NK subsets, respectively. The frequencies of CD3(-) CD56(+) NK cells together with TRAIL(+) CD56(bright) and Perforin(+) CD56(dim) NK cells correlated positively with serum alanine transaminase levels in e(-)CHB/LC. K562 cell-stimulated NK cells from e(-)CHB/LC exhibited significantly greater degranulation but diminished interferon-γ production than IC. Further, Perforin(+) NK cell frequency inversely correlated with autologous CD4(+) T-cell count in e(-) patients and ligands of NK receptors were over-expressed in CD4(+) T cells from e(-)CHB/LC relative to IC. Co-culture of sorted CD56(dim) NK cells and CD4(+) T cells from e(-)CHB showed enhanced CD4(+) T-cell apoptosis, which was reduced by perforin inhibitor, concanamycin A, suggesting a possible perforin-dependent NK cell-mediated CD4(+) T-cell depletion. Moreover, greater incidence of perforin-expressing NK cells and decline in CD4(+) T cells were noticed intrahepatically in e(-)CHB than IC. Collectively, NK cells contribute to the progression of e(-)CHI by enhanced TRAIL- and perforin-dependent cytolytic activity and by restraining anti-viral immunity through reduced interferon-γ secretion and perforin-mediated CD4(+) T-cell lysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Ghosh
- Department of Hepatology and Centre for Liver Research, School of Digestive & Liver Diseases, Institute of Post Graduate Medical Education and Research, Kolkata, India
| | - M Nandi
- Department of Hepatology and Centre for Liver Research, School of Digestive & Liver Diseases, Institute of Post Graduate Medical Education and Research, Kolkata, India
| | - S Pal
- Department of Hepatology and Centre for Liver Research, School of Digestive & Liver Diseases, Institute of Post Graduate Medical Education and Research, Kolkata, India
| | - D Mukhopadhyay
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Post Graduate Medical Education and Research, Kolkata, India
| | - B C Chakraborty
- Department of Hepatology and Centre for Liver Research, School of Digestive & Liver Diseases, Institute of Post Graduate Medical Education and Research, Kolkata, India
| | - M Khatun
- Department of Hepatology and Centre for Liver Research, School of Digestive & Liver Diseases, Institute of Post Graduate Medical Education and Research, Kolkata, India
| | - D Bhowmick
- CU-BD Centre of Excellence for Nanobiotechnology, Centre for Research in Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, University of Calcutta, India
| | - R K Mondal
- Department of Hepatology and Centre for Liver Research, School of Digestive & Liver Diseases, Institute of Post Graduate Medical Education and Research, Kolkata, India
| | - S Das
- Department of Hepatology and Centre for Liver Research, School of Digestive & Liver Diseases, Institute of Post Graduate Medical Education and Research, Kolkata, India
| | - K Das
- Department of Hepatology and Centre for Liver Research, School of Digestive & Liver Diseases, Institute of Post Graduate Medical Education and Research, Kolkata, India
| | - R Ghosh
- Division of Gastrointestinal and Liver Pathology, School of Digestive & Liver Diseases, Institute of Post Graduate Medical Education and Research, Kolkata, India
| | - S Banerjee
- Department of Hepatology and Centre for Liver Research, School of Digestive & Liver Diseases, Institute of Post Graduate Medical Education and Research, Kolkata, India
| | - A Santra
- Department of Hepatology and Centre for Liver Research, School of Digestive & Liver Diseases, Institute of Post Graduate Medical Education and Research, Kolkata, India
| | - M Chatterjee
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Post Graduate Medical Education and Research, Kolkata, India
| | - A Chowdhury
- Department of Hepatology and Centre for Liver Research, School of Digestive & Liver Diseases, Institute of Post Graduate Medical Education and Research, Kolkata, India
| | - S Datta
- Department of Hepatology and Centre for Liver Research, School of Digestive & Liver Diseases, Institute of Post Graduate Medical Education and Research, Kolkata, India.
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Lange C, Mowat F, Sayed H, Mehad M, Duluc L, Piper S, Luhmann U, Nandi M, Kelly P, Smith A, Ali R, Leiper J, Bainbridge J. Dimethylarginine dimethylaminohydrolase-2 deficiency promotes vascular regeneration and attenuates pathological angiogenesis. Exp Eye Res 2016; 147:148-155. [PMID: 27181226 PMCID: PMC4912010 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2016.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2015] [Revised: 05/04/2016] [Accepted: 05/09/2016] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Ischemia-induced angiogenesis is critical for tissue repair, but aberrant neovascularization in the retina causes severe sight impairment. Nitric oxide (NO) has been implicated in neovascular eye disease because of its pro-angiogenic properties in the retina. Nitric oxide production is inhibited endogenously by asymmetric dimethylarginines (ADMA and L-NMMA) which are metabolized by dimethylarginine dimethylaminohydrolase (DDAH) 1 and 2. The aim of this study was to determine the roles of DDAH1, DDAH2, ADMA and L-NMMA in retinal ischemia-induced angiogenesis. First, DDAH1, DDAH2, ADMA and L-NMMA levels were determined in adult C57BL/6J mice. The results obtained revealed that DDAH1 was twofold increased in the retina compared to the brain and the choroid. DDAH2 expression was approximately 150 fold greater in retinal and 70 fold greater in choroidal tissue compared to brain tissue suggesting an important tissue-specific role for DDAH2 in the retina and choroid. ADMA and L-NMMA levels were similar in the retina and choroid under physiological conditions. Next, characterization of DDAH1+/− and DDAH2−/− deficient mice by in vivo fluorescein angiography, immunohistochemistry and electroretinography revealed normal neurovascular function compared with wildtype control mice. Finally, DDAH1+/− and DDAH2−/− deficient mice were studied in the oxygen-induced retinopathy (OIR) model, a model used to emulate retinal ischemia and neovascularization, and VEGF and ADMA levels were quantified by ELISA and liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry. In the OIR model, DDAH1+/− exhibited a similar phenotype compared to wildtype controls. DDAH2 deficiency, in contrast, resulted in elevated retinal ADMA which was associated with attenuated aberrant angiogenesis and improved vascular regeneration in a VEGF independent manner. Taken together this study suggests, that in retinal ischemia, DDAH2 deficiency elevates ADMA, promotes vascular regeneration and protects against aberrant angiogenesis. Therapeutic inhibition of DDAH2 may therefore offer a potential therapeutic strategy to protect sight by promoting retinal vascular regeneration and preventing pathological angiogenesis. Nitric oxide has been implicated in neovascular eye disease. Key inhibitor of NO production is ADMA, which is metabolized by DDAH. DDAH2 deficiency results in elevated ADMA and reduced neovascularization in mice. Therapeutic inhibition of ADMA or DDAH2 may offer a potential therapeutic strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clemens Lange
- Department of Genetics, UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, 11-43 Bath Street, London, UK; Eye Center, University Hospital Freiburg, Germany
| | - Freya Mowat
- Department of Genetics, UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, 11-43 Bath Street, London, UK
| | - Haroon Sayed
- Department of Genetics, UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, 11-43 Bath Street, London, UK
| | - Manjit Mehad
- Department of Genetics, UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, 11-43 Bath Street, London, UK
| | - Lucie Duluc
- The Nitric Oxide Signalling Group, MRC Clinical Sciences Centre, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital, Du Cane Road, London, UK
| | - Sophie Piper
- The Nitric Oxide Signalling Group, MRC Clinical Sciences Centre, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital, Du Cane Road, London, UK
| | - Ulrich Luhmann
- Department of Genetics, UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, 11-43 Bath Street, London, UK
| | - Manasi Nandi
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, King's College London, UK
| | - Peter Kelly
- The Nitric Oxide Signalling Group, MRC Clinical Sciences Centre, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital, Du Cane Road, London, UK
| | - Alexander Smith
- Department of Genetics, UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, 11-43 Bath Street, London, UK
| | - Robin Ali
- Department of Genetics, UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, 11-43 Bath Street, London, UK
| | - James Leiper
- The Nitric Oxide Signalling Group, MRC Clinical Sciences Centre, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital, Du Cane Road, London, UK
| | - James Bainbridge
- Department of Genetics, UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, 11-43 Bath Street, London, UK.
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Chuaiphichai S, Starr A, Nandi M, Channon KM, McNeill E. Endothelial cell tetrahydrobiopterin deficiency attenuates LPS-induced vascular dysfunction and hypotension. Vascul Pharmacol 2016; 77:69-79. [PMID: 26276526 PMCID: PMC4746318 DOI: 10.1016/j.vph.2015.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2015] [Revised: 07/16/2015] [Accepted: 08/10/2015] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Overproduction of nitric oxide (NO) is thought to be a key mediator of the vascular dysfunction and severe hypotension in patients with endotoxaemia and septic shock. The contribution of NO produced directly in the vasculature by endothelial cells to the hypotension seen in these conditions, vs. the broader systemic increase in NO, is unclear. To determine the specific role of endothelium derived NO in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced vascular dysfunction we administered LPS to mice deficient in endothelial cell tetrahydrobiopterin (BH4), the essential co-factor for NO production by NOS enzymes. Mice deficient in endothelial BH4 production, through loss of the essential biosynthesis enzyme Gch1 (Gch1(fl/fl)Tie2cre mice) received a 24hour challenge with LPS or saline control. In vivo LPS treatment increased vascular GTP cyclohydrolase and BH4 levels in aortas, lungs and hearts, but this increase was significantly attenuated in Gch1(fl/fl)Tie2cre mice, which were also partially protected from the LPS-induced hypotension. In isometric tension studies, in vivo LPS treatment reduced the vasoconstriction response and impaired endothelium-dependent and independent vasodilatations in mesenteric arteries from wild-type mice, but not in Gch1(fl/fl)Tie2cre mesenteric arteries. Ex vivo LPS treatment decreased vasoconstriction response to phenylephrine in aortic rings from wild-type and not in Gch1(fl/fl)Tie2cre mice, even in the context of significant eNOS and iNOS upregulation. These data provide direct evidence that endothelial cell NO has a significant contribution to LPS-induced vascular dysfunction and hypotension and may provide a novel therapeutic target for the treatment of systemic inflammation and patients with septic shock.
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Affiliation(s)
- Surawee Chuaiphichai
- British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, UK; Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, UK
| | - Anna Starr
- Pharmacology and Therapeutics Group, Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, King's College London, UK
| | - Manasi Nandi
- Pharmacology and Therapeutics Group, Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, King's College London, UK
| | - Keith M Channon
- British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, UK; Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, UK
| | - Eileen McNeill
- British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, UK; Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, UK; Pharmacology and Therapeutics Group, Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, King's College London, UK.
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34
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Sarkar S, Misra S, Nandi M. Pityriasis rubra pilaris and mesangial proliferative glomerulonephritis in a child: Association or coincidence? Indian J Nephrol 2016; 26:61-2. [PMID: 26937085 PMCID: PMC4753748 DOI: 10.4103/0971-4065.165005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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35
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Affiliation(s)
- M Nandi
- Department of Pediatrics, NRS Medical College and Hospital, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - G Pandey
- Department of Pediatrics, NRS Medical College and Hospital, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - S Sarkar
- Department of Pediatrics, Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
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36
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Nandi M, Mandal A, Asthana AK. Retrospective analysis of patients with cancer of the cervix attending a radiotherapy outpatient department: experience from a university-based hospital in eastern Uttar Pradesh, India. Southern African Journal of Gynaecological Oncology 2015. [DOI: 10.1080/20742835.2015.1083680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
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37
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Hussein D, Starr A, Heikal L, McNeill E, Channon KM, Brown PR, Sutton BJ, McDonnell JM, Nandi M. Validating the GTP-cyclohydrolase 1-feedback regulatory complex as a therapeutic target using biophysical and in vivo approaches. Br J Pharmacol 2015; 172:4146-57. [PMID: 26014146 PMCID: PMC4543619 DOI: 10.1111/bph.13202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2014] [Revised: 05/12/2015] [Accepted: 05/13/2015] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE 6R-L-erythro-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobiopterin (BH4 ) is an essential cofactor for nitric oxide biosynthesis. Substantial clinical evidence indicates that intravenous BH4 restores vascular function in patients. Unfortunately, oral BH4 has limited efficacy. Therefore, orally bioavailable pharmacological activators of endogenous BH4 biosynthesis hold significant therapeutic potential. GTP-cyclohydrolase 1 (GCH1), the rate limiting enzyme in BH4 synthesis, forms a protein complex with GCH1 feedback regulatory protein (GFRP). This complex is subject to allosteric feed-forward activation by L-phenylalanine (L-phe). We investigated the effects of L-phe on the biophysical interactions of GCH1 and GFRP and its potential to alter BH4 levels in vivo. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH Detailed characterization of GCH1-GFRP protein-protein interactions were performed using surface plasmon resonance (SPR) with or without L-phe. Effects on systemic and vascular BH4 biosynthesis in vivo were investigated following L-phe treatment (100 mg·kg(-1) , p.o.). KEY RESULTS GCH1 and GFRP proteins interacted in the absence of known ligands or substrate but the presence of L-phe doubled maximal binding and enhanced binding affinity eightfold. Furthermore, the complex displayed very slow association and dissociation rates. In vivo, L-phe challenge induced a sustained elevation of aortic BH4 , an effect absent in GCH1(fl/fl)-Tie2Cre mice. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS Biophysical data indicate that GCH1 and GFRP are constitutively bound. In vivo, data demonstrated that L-phe elevated vascular BH4 in an endothelial GCH1 dependent manner. Pharmacological agents which mimic the allosteric effects of L-phe on the GCH1-GFRP complex have the potential to elevate endothelial BH4 biosynthesis for numerous cardiovascular disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Hussein
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, King's College LondonLondon, UK
| | - A Starr
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, King's College LondonLondon, UK
| | - L Heikal
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, King's College LondonLondon, UK
| | - E McNeill
- British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe HospitalOxford, UK
| | - K M Channon
- British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe HospitalOxford, UK
| | - P R Brown
- The Randall Division of Cell and Molecular Biophysics, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, King's College LondonLondon, UK
| | - B J Sutton
- The Randall Division of Cell and Molecular Biophysics, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, King's College LondonLondon, UK
| | - J M McDonnell
- The Randall Division of Cell and Molecular Biophysics, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, King's College LondonLondon, UK
| | - M Nandi
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, King's College LondonLondon, UK
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38
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Das M, Nandi M. Infectious mononucleosis due to Epstein Barr virus infection presenting as life threatening thrombocytopenic bleeding. J PEDIAT INF DIS-GER 2015. [DOI: 10.3233/jpi-140438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M.K. Das
- Department of Pediatrics, IPGME&R, Kolkata, India
| | - M. Nandi
- Department of Pediatrics, NRS Medical College, Kolkata, India
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Abstract
Sepsis is a systemic inflammatory response triggered by microbial infection that can cause cardiovascular collapse, insufficient tissue perfusion and multi-organ failure. The cation channel transient receptor potential vanilloid 4 (TRPV4) is expressed in vascular endothelium and causes vasodilatation, but excessive TRPV4 activation leads to profound hypotension and circulatory collapse - key features of sepsis pathogenesis. We hypothesised that loss of TRPV4 signaling would protect against cardiovascular dysfunction in a mouse model of sepsis (endotoxaemia). Multi-parameter monitoring of conscious systemic haemodynamics (by radiotelemetry probe), mesenteric microvascular blood flow (laser speckle contrast imaging) and blood biochemistry (iSTAT blood gas analysis) was carried out in wild type (WT) and TRPV4 knockout (KO) mice. Endotoxaemia was induced by a single intravenous injection of lipopolysaccharide (LPS; 12.5 mg/kg) and systemic haemodynamics monitored for 24 h. Blood flow recording was then conducted under terminal anaesthesia after which blood was obtained for haematological/biochemical analysis. No significant differences were observed in baseline haemodynamics or mesenteric blood flow. Naïve TRPV4 KO mice were significantly acidotic relative to WT counterparts. Following induction of sepsis, all mice became significantly hypotensive, though there was no significant difference in the degree of hypotension between TRPV4 WT and KO mice. TRPV4 KO mice exhibited a higher sepsis severity score. While septic WT mice became significantly hypernatraemic relative to the naïve state, this was not observed in septic KO mice. Mesenteric blood flow was inhibited by topical application of the TRPV4 agonist GSK1016790A in naïve WT mice, but enhanced 24 h following LPS injection. Contrary to the initial hypothesis, loss of TRPV4 signaling (either through gene deletion or pharmacological antagonism) did not attenuate sepsis-induced cardiovascular dysfunction: in fact, pathology appeared to be modestly exaggerated in mice lacking TRPV4. Local targeting of TRPV4 signalling may be more beneficial than global inhibition in sepsis treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire A Sand
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine, Queen Mary University of London, London, EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | - Anna Starr
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, King's College London, London, SE1 9NH, UK
| | - Manasi Nandi
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, King's College London, London, SE1 9NH, UK
| | - Andrew D Grant
- Wolfson Centre for Age-Related Diseases, King's College London, London, SE1 1UL, UK
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40
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Lambden S, Kelly P, Ahmetaj-Shala B, Wang Z, Lee B, Nandi M, Torondel B, Delahaye M, Dowsett L, Piper S, Tomlinson J, Caplin B, Colman L, Boruc O, Slaviero A, Zhao L, Oliver E, Khadayate S, Singer M, Arrigoni F, Leiper J. Dimethylarginine dimethylaminohydrolase 2 regulates nitric oxide synthesis and hemodynamics and determines outcome in polymicrobial sepsis. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2015; 35:1382-92. [PMID: 25857313 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.115.305278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2014] [Accepted: 03/24/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Nitric oxide is a key to numerous physiological and pathophysiological processes. Nitric oxide production is regulated endogenously by 2 methylarginines, asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA) and monomethyl-L-arginine. The enzyme that specifically metabolizes asymmetric dimethylarginine and monomethyl-L-arginine is dimethylarginine dimethylaminohydrolase (DDAH). The first isoform dimethylarginine dimethylaminohydrolase 1 has previously been shown to be an important regulator of methylarginines in both health and disease. This study explores for the first time the role of endogenous dimethylarginine dimethylaminohydrolase 2 in regulating cardiovascular physiology and also determines the functional impact of dimethylarginine dimethylaminohydrolase 2 deletion on outcome and immune function in sepsis. APPROACH AND RESULTS Mice, globally deficient in Ddah2, were compared with their wild-type littermates to determine the physiological role of Ddah2 using in vivo and ex vivo assessments of vascular function. We show that global knockout of Ddah2 results in elevated blood pressure during periods of activity (mean [SEM], 118.5 [1.3] versus 112.7 [1.1] mm Hg; P=0.025) and changes in vascular responsiveness mediated by changes in methylarginine concentration, mean myocardial tissue asymmetric dimethylarginine (SEM) was 0.89 (0.06) versus 0.67 (0.05) μmol/L (P=0.02) and systemic nitric oxide concentrations. In a model of severe polymicrobial sepsis, Ddah2 knockout affects outcome (120-hour survival was 12% in Ddah2 knockouts versus 53% in wild-type animals; P<0.001). Monocyte-specific deletion of Ddah2 results in a similar pattern of increased severity to that seen in globally deficient animals. CONCLUSIONS Ddah2 has a regulatory role both in normal physiology and in determining outcome of severe polymicrobial sepsis. Elucidation of this role identifies a mechanism for the observed relationship between Ddah2 polymorphisms, cardiovascular disease, and outcome in sepsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Lambden
- From the Nitric Oxide Signalling Group (S.L., P.K., Z.W., B.L., B.T., M.D., L.D., S.P., J.T., B.C., L.C., O.B., A.S., J.L.) and Bioinformatics Core (S.K.), Clinical Sciences Centre, Medical Research Council, Hammersmith Hospital, London, United Kingdom; National Heart and Lung Institute (B.A.-S.) and Centre for Pharmacology and Therapeutics (L.Z., E.O.), Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom; Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, King's College London, London, United Kingdom (M.N.); Bloomsbury Institute of Intensive Care Medicine, Division of Medicine, University College London, London, United Kingdom (M.S.); and School of Pharmacy and Chemistry, Kingston University, Surrey, United Kingdom (F.A.)
| | - Peter Kelly
- From the Nitric Oxide Signalling Group (S.L., P.K., Z.W., B.L., B.T., M.D., L.D., S.P., J.T., B.C., L.C., O.B., A.S., J.L.) and Bioinformatics Core (S.K.), Clinical Sciences Centre, Medical Research Council, Hammersmith Hospital, London, United Kingdom; National Heart and Lung Institute (B.A.-S.) and Centre for Pharmacology and Therapeutics (L.Z., E.O.), Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom; Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, King's College London, London, United Kingdom (M.N.); Bloomsbury Institute of Intensive Care Medicine, Division of Medicine, University College London, London, United Kingdom (M.S.); and School of Pharmacy and Chemistry, Kingston University, Surrey, United Kingdom (F.A.)
| | - Blerina Ahmetaj-Shala
- From the Nitric Oxide Signalling Group (S.L., P.K., Z.W., B.L., B.T., M.D., L.D., S.P., J.T., B.C., L.C., O.B., A.S., J.L.) and Bioinformatics Core (S.K.), Clinical Sciences Centre, Medical Research Council, Hammersmith Hospital, London, United Kingdom; National Heart and Lung Institute (B.A.-S.) and Centre for Pharmacology and Therapeutics (L.Z., E.O.), Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom; Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, King's College London, London, United Kingdom (M.N.); Bloomsbury Institute of Intensive Care Medicine, Division of Medicine, University College London, London, United Kingdom (M.S.); and School of Pharmacy and Chemistry, Kingston University, Surrey, United Kingdom (F.A.)
| | - Zhen Wang
- From the Nitric Oxide Signalling Group (S.L., P.K., Z.W., B.L., B.T., M.D., L.D., S.P., J.T., B.C., L.C., O.B., A.S., J.L.) and Bioinformatics Core (S.K.), Clinical Sciences Centre, Medical Research Council, Hammersmith Hospital, London, United Kingdom; National Heart and Lung Institute (B.A.-S.) and Centre for Pharmacology and Therapeutics (L.Z., E.O.), Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom; Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, King's College London, London, United Kingdom (M.N.); Bloomsbury Institute of Intensive Care Medicine, Division of Medicine, University College London, London, United Kingdom (M.S.); and School of Pharmacy and Chemistry, Kingston University, Surrey, United Kingdom (F.A.)
| | - Benjamin Lee
- From the Nitric Oxide Signalling Group (S.L., P.K., Z.W., B.L., B.T., M.D., L.D., S.P., J.T., B.C., L.C., O.B., A.S., J.L.) and Bioinformatics Core (S.K.), Clinical Sciences Centre, Medical Research Council, Hammersmith Hospital, London, United Kingdom; National Heart and Lung Institute (B.A.-S.) and Centre for Pharmacology and Therapeutics (L.Z., E.O.), Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom; Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, King's College London, London, United Kingdom (M.N.); Bloomsbury Institute of Intensive Care Medicine, Division of Medicine, University College London, London, United Kingdom (M.S.); and School of Pharmacy and Chemistry, Kingston University, Surrey, United Kingdom (F.A.)
| | - Manasi Nandi
- From the Nitric Oxide Signalling Group (S.L., P.K., Z.W., B.L., B.T., M.D., L.D., S.P., J.T., B.C., L.C., O.B., A.S., J.L.) and Bioinformatics Core (S.K.), Clinical Sciences Centre, Medical Research Council, Hammersmith Hospital, London, United Kingdom; National Heart and Lung Institute (B.A.-S.) and Centre for Pharmacology and Therapeutics (L.Z., E.O.), Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom; Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, King's College London, London, United Kingdom (M.N.); Bloomsbury Institute of Intensive Care Medicine, Division of Medicine, University College London, London, United Kingdom (M.S.); and School of Pharmacy and Chemistry, Kingston University, Surrey, United Kingdom (F.A.)
| | - Belen Torondel
- From the Nitric Oxide Signalling Group (S.L., P.K., Z.W., B.L., B.T., M.D., L.D., S.P., J.T., B.C., L.C., O.B., A.S., J.L.) and Bioinformatics Core (S.K.), Clinical Sciences Centre, Medical Research Council, Hammersmith Hospital, London, United Kingdom; National Heart and Lung Institute (B.A.-S.) and Centre for Pharmacology and Therapeutics (L.Z., E.O.), Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom; Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, King's College London, London, United Kingdom (M.N.); Bloomsbury Institute of Intensive Care Medicine, Division of Medicine, University College London, London, United Kingdom (M.S.); and School of Pharmacy and Chemistry, Kingston University, Surrey, United Kingdom (F.A.)
| | - Matthew Delahaye
- From the Nitric Oxide Signalling Group (S.L., P.K., Z.W., B.L., B.T., M.D., L.D., S.P., J.T., B.C., L.C., O.B., A.S., J.L.) and Bioinformatics Core (S.K.), Clinical Sciences Centre, Medical Research Council, Hammersmith Hospital, London, United Kingdom; National Heart and Lung Institute (B.A.-S.) and Centre for Pharmacology and Therapeutics (L.Z., E.O.), Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom; Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, King's College London, London, United Kingdom (M.N.); Bloomsbury Institute of Intensive Care Medicine, Division of Medicine, University College London, London, United Kingdom (M.S.); and School of Pharmacy and Chemistry, Kingston University, Surrey, United Kingdom (F.A.)
| | - Laura Dowsett
- From the Nitric Oxide Signalling Group (S.L., P.K., Z.W., B.L., B.T., M.D., L.D., S.P., J.T., B.C., L.C., O.B., A.S., J.L.) and Bioinformatics Core (S.K.), Clinical Sciences Centre, Medical Research Council, Hammersmith Hospital, London, United Kingdom; National Heart and Lung Institute (B.A.-S.) and Centre for Pharmacology and Therapeutics (L.Z., E.O.), Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom; Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, King's College London, London, United Kingdom (M.N.); Bloomsbury Institute of Intensive Care Medicine, Division of Medicine, University College London, London, United Kingdom (M.S.); and School of Pharmacy and Chemistry, Kingston University, Surrey, United Kingdom (F.A.)
| | - Sophie Piper
- From the Nitric Oxide Signalling Group (S.L., P.K., Z.W., B.L., B.T., M.D., L.D., S.P., J.T., B.C., L.C., O.B., A.S., J.L.) and Bioinformatics Core (S.K.), Clinical Sciences Centre, Medical Research Council, Hammersmith Hospital, London, United Kingdom; National Heart and Lung Institute (B.A.-S.) and Centre for Pharmacology and Therapeutics (L.Z., E.O.), Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom; Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, King's College London, London, United Kingdom (M.N.); Bloomsbury Institute of Intensive Care Medicine, Division of Medicine, University College London, London, United Kingdom (M.S.); and School of Pharmacy and Chemistry, Kingston University, Surrey, United Kingdom (F.A.)
| | - James Tomlinson
- From the Nitric Oxide Signalling Group (S.L., P.K., Z.W., B.L., B.T., M.D., L.D., S.P., J.T., B.C., L.C., O.B., A.S., J.L.) and Bioinformatics Core (S.K.), Clinical Sciences Centre, Medical Research Council, Hammersmith Hospital, London, United Kingdom; National Heart and Lung Institute (B.A.-S.) and Centre for Pharmacology and Therapeutics (L.Z., E.O.), Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom; Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, King's College London, London, United Kingdom (M.N.); Bloomsbury Institute of Intensive Care Medicine, Division of Medicine, University College London, London, United Kingdom (M.S.); and School of Pharmacy and Chemistry, Kingston University, Surrey, United Kingdom (F.A.)
| | - Ben Caplin
- From the Nitric Oxide Signalling Group (S.L., P.K., Z.W., B.L., B.T., M.D., L.D., S.P., J.T., B.C., L.C., O.B., A.S., J.L.) and Bioinformatics Core (S.K.), Clinical Sciences Centre, Medical Research Council, Hammersmith Hospital, London, United Kingdom; National Heart and Lung Institute (B.A.-S.) and Centre for Pharmacology and Therapeutics (L.Z., E.O.), Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom; Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, King's College London, London, United Kingdom (M.N.); Bloomsbury Institute of Intensive Care Medicine, Division of Medicine, University College London, London, United Kingdom (M.S.); and School of Pharmacy and Chemistry, Kingston University, Surrey, United Kingdom (F.A.)
| | - Lucy Colman
- From the Nitric Oxide Signalling Group (S.L., P.K., Z.W., B.L., B.T., M.D., L.D., S.P., J.T., B.C., L.C., O.B., A.S., J.L.) and Bioinformatics Core (S.K.), Clinical Sciences Centre, Medical Research Council, Hammersmith Hospital, London, United Kingdom; National Heart and Lung Institute (B.A.-S.) and Centre for Pharmacology and Therapeutics (L.Z., E.O.), Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom; Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, King's College London, London, United Kingdom (M.N.); Bloomsbury Institute of Intensive Care Medicine, Division of Medicine, University College London, London, United Kingdom (M.S.); and School of Pharmacy and Chemistry, Kingston University, Surrey, United Kingdom (F.A.)
| | - Olga Boruc
- From the Nitric Oxide Signalling Group (S.L., P.K., Z.W., B.L., B.T., M.D., L.D., S.P., J.T., B.C., L.C., O.B., A.S., J.L.) and Bioinformatics Core (S.K.), Clinical Sciences Centre, Medical Research Council, Hammersmith Hospital, London, United Kingdom; National Heart and Lung Institute (B.A.-S.) and Centre for Pharmacology and Therapeutics (L.Z., E.O.), Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom; Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, King's College London, London, United Kingdom (M.N.); Bloomsbury Institute of Intensive Care Medicine, Division of Medicine, University College London, London, United Kingdom (M.S.); and School of Pharmacy and Chemistry, Kingston University, Surrey, United Kingdom (F.A.)
| | - Anna Slaviero
- From the Nitric Oxide Signalling Group (S.L., P.K., Z.W., B.L., B.T., M.D., L.D., S.P., J.T., B.C., L.C., O.B., A.S., J.L.) and Bioinformatics Core (S.K.), Clinical Sciences Centre, Medical Research Council, Hammersmith Hospital, London, United Kingdom; National Heart and Lung Institute (B.A.-S.) and Centre for Pharmacology and Therapeutics (L.Z., E.O.), Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom; Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, King's College London, London, United Kingdom (M.N.); Bloomsbury Institute of Intensive Care Medicine, Division of Medicine, University College London, London, United Kingdom (M.S.); and School of Pharmacy and Chemistry, Kingston University, Surrey, United Kingdom (F.A.)
| | - Lan Zhao
- From the Nitric Oxide Signalling Group (S.L., P.K., Z.W., B.L., B.T., M.D., L.D., S.P., J.T., B.C., L.C., O.B., A.S., J.L.) and Bioinformatics Core (S.K.), Clinical Sciences Centre, Medical Research Council, Hammersmith Hospital, London, United Kingdom; National Heart and Lung Institute (B.A.-S.) and Centre for Pharmacology and Therapeutics (L.Z., E.O.), Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom; Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, King's College London, London, United Kingdom (M.N.); Bloomsbury Institute of Intensive Care Medicine, Division of Medicine, University College London, London, United Kingdom (M.S.); and School of Pharmacy and Chemistry, Kingston University, Surrey, United Kingdom (F.A.)
| | - Eduardo Oliver
- From the Nitric Oxide Signalling Group (S.L., P.K., Z.W., B.L., B.T., M.D., L.D., S.P., J.T., B.C., L.C., O.B., A.S., J.L.) and Bioinformatics Core (S.K.), Clinical Sciences Centre, Medical Research Council, Hammersmith Hospital, London, United Kingdom; National Heart and Lung Institute (B.A.-S.) and Centre for Pharmacology and Therapeutics (L.Z., E.O.), Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom; Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, King's College London, London, United Kingdom (M.N.); Bloomsbury Institute of Intensive Care Medicine, Division of Medicine, University College London, London, United Kingdom (M.S.); and School of Pharmacy and Chemistry, Kingston University, Surrey, United Kingdom (F.A.)
| | - Sanjay Khadayate
- From the Nitric Oxide Signalling Group (S.L., P.K., Z.W., B.L., B.T., M.D., L.D., S.P., J.T., B.C., L.C., O.B., A.S., J.L.) and Bioinformatics Core (S.K.), Clinical Sciences Centre, Medical Research Council, Hammersmith Hospital, London, United Kingdom; National Heart and Lung Institute (B.A.-S.) and Centre for Pharmacology and Therapeutics (L.Z., E.O.), Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom; Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, King's College London, London, United Kingdom (M.N.); Bloomsbury Institute of Intensive Care Medicine, Division of Medicine, University College London, London, United Kingdom (M.S.); and School of Pharmacy and Chemistry, Kingston University, Surrey, United Kingdom (F.A.)
| | - Mervyn Singer
- From the Nitric Oxide Signalling Group (S.L., P.K., Z.W., B.L., B.T., M.D., L.D., S.P., J.T., B.C., L.C., O.B., A.S., J.L.) and Bioinformatics Core (S.K.), Clinical Sciences Centre, Medical Research Council, Hammersmith Hospital, London, United Kingdom; National Heart and Lung Institute (B.A.-S.) and Centre for Pharmacology and Therapeutics (L.Z., E.O.), Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom; Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, King's College London, London, United Kingdom (M.N.); Bloomsbury Institute of Intensive Care Medicine, Division of Medicine, University College London, London, United Kingdom (M.S.); and School of Pharmacy and Chemistry, Kingston University, Surrey, United Kingdom (F.A.)
| | - Francesca Arrigoni
- From the Nitric Oxide Signalling Group (S.L., P.K., Z.W., B.L., B.T., M.D., L.D., S.P., J.T., B.C., L.C., O.B., A.S., J.L.) and Bioinformatics Core (S.K.), Clinical Sciences Centre, Medical Research Council, Hammersmith Hospital, London, United Kingdom; National Heart and Lung Institute (B.A.-S.) and Centre for Pharmacology and Therapeutics (L.Z., E.O.), Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom; Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, King's College London, London, United Kingdom (M.N.); Bloomsbury Institute of Intensive Care Medicine, Division of Medicine, University College London, London, United Kingdom (M.S.); and School of Pharmacy and Chemistry, Kingston University, Surrey, United Kingdom (F.A.)
| | - James Leiper
- From the Nitric Oxide Signalling Group (S.L., P.K., Z.W., B.L., B.T., M.D., L.D., S.P., J.T., B.C., L.C., O.B., A.S., J.L.) and Bioinformatics Core (S.K.), Clinical Sciences Centre, Medical Research Council, Hammersmith Hospital, London, United Kingdom; National Heart and Lung Institute (B.A.-S.) and Centre for Pharmacology and Therapeutics (L.Z., E.O.), Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom; Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, King's College London, London, United Kingdom (M.N.); Bloomsbury Institute of Intensive Care Medicine, Division of Medicine, University College London, London, United Kingdom (M.S.); and School of Pharmacy and Chemistry, Kingston University, Surrey, United Kingdom (F.A.).
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Sand CA, Grant AD, Nandi M. Vascular Expression of Transient Receptor Potential Vanilloid 1 (TRPV1). J Histochem Cytochem 2015; 63:449-53. [PMID: 25809792 PMCID: PMC4442824 DOI: 10.1369/0022155415581014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2015] [Accepted: 03/13/2015] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Claire A Sand
- British Heart Foundation Centre for Cardiovascular Research, King's College London, London, United Kingdom (CAS, MN),William Harvey Research Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom (CAS)
| | - Andrew D Grant
- Wolfson Centre for Age-Related Diseases, King's College London, London, United Kingdom (ADG)
| | - Manasi Nandi
- British Heart Foundation Centre for Cardiovascular Research, King's College London, London, United Kingdom (CAS, MN),Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, King's College London, London, United Kingdom (MN)
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Sand CA, Starr A, Wilder CDE, Rudyk O, Spina D, Thiemermann C, Treacher DF, Nandi M. Quantification of microcirculatory blood flow: a sensitive and clinically relevant prognostic marker in murine models of sepsis. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2014; 118:344-54. [PMID: 25477352 PMCID: PMC4312846 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00793.2014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Sepsis and sepsis-associated multiorgan failure represent the major cause of mortality in intensive care units worldwide. Cardiovascular dysfunction, a key component of sepsis pathogenesis, has received much research interest, although research translatability remains severely limited. There is a critical need for more comprehensive preclinical sepsis models, with more clinically relevant end points, such as microvascular perfusion. The purpose of this study was to compare microcirculatory blood flow measurements, using a novel application of laser speckle contrast imaging technology, with more traditional hemodynamic end points, as part of a multiparameter monitoring system in preclinical models of sepsis. Our aim, in measuring mesenteric blood flow, was to increase the prognostic sensitivity of preclinical studies. In two commonly used sepsis models (cecal ligation and puncture, and lipopolysaccharide), we demonstrate that blood pressure and cardiac output are compromised postsepsis, but subsequently stabilize over the 24-h recording period. In contrast, mesenteric blood flow continuously declines in a time-dependent manner and in parallel with the development of metabolic acidosis and organ dysfunction. Importantly, these microcirculatory perturbations are reversed by fluid resuscitation, a mainstay intervention associated with improved outcome in patients. These data suggest that global hemodynamics are maintained at the expense of the microcirculation and are, therefore, not sufficiently predictive of outcome. We demonstrate that microcirculatory blood flow is a more sensitive biomarker of sepsis syndrome progression and believe that incorporation of this biomarker into preclinical models will facilitate sophisticated proof-of-concept studies for novel sepsis interventions, providing more robust data on which to base future clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire A Sand
- British Heart Foundation Centre for Cardiovascular Research, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Anna Starr
- Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Catherine D E Wilder
- British Heart Foundation Centre for Cardiovascular Research, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Olena Rudyk
- British Heart Foundation Centre for Cardiovascular Research, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Domenico Spina
- Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Christoph Thiemermann
- Department of Intensive Care, Guy's & St. Thomas NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - David F Treacher
- The William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine & Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom; and
| | - Manasi Nandi
- British Heart Foundation Centre for Cardiovascular Research, King's College London, London, United Kingdom; Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, King's College London, London, United Kingdom;
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43
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Wang Z, Lambden S, Nandi M, Tomlinson J, Dyson A, Taylor V, Sujkovic E, McDonald N, Caddick S, Singer M, Leiper J. A novel dimethylarginine dimethylaminohydrolase (DDAH-1) inhibitor improves survival, hemodynamics and organ function in rodent sepsis. Nitric Oxide 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.niox.2014.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Starr A, Sand CA, Heikal L, Kelly PD, Spina D, Crabtree M, Channon KM, Leiper JM, Nandi M. Overexpression of GTP cyclohydrolase 1 feedback regulatory protein is protective in a murine model of septic shock. Shock 2014; 42:432-9. [PMID: 25046538 PMCID: PMC4851220 DOI: 10.1097/shk.0000000000000235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2014] [Accepted: 07/10/2014] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Overproduction of nitric oxide (NO) by inducible NO synthase contributes toward refractory hypotension, impaired microvascular perfusion, and end-organ damage in septic shock patients. Tetrahydrobiopterin (BH4) is an essential NOS cofactor. GTP cyclohydrolase 1 (GCH1) is the rate-limiting enzyme for BH4 biosynthesis. Under inflammatory conditions, GCH1 activity and hence BH4 levels are increased, supporting pathological NOS activity. GCH1 activity can be controlled through allosteric interactions with GCH1 feedback regulatory protein (GFRP). We investigated whether overexpression of GFRP can regulate BH4 and NO production and attenuate cardiovascular dysfunction in sepsis. Sepsis was induced in mice conditionally overexpressing GFRP and wild-type littermates by cecal ligation and puncture. Blood pressure was monitored by radiotelemetry, and mesenteric blood flow was quantified by laser speckle contrast imaging. Blood biochemistry data were obtained using an iSTAT analyzer, and BH4 levels were measured in plasma and tissues by high-performance liquid chromatography. Increased BH4 and NO production and hypotension were observed in all mice, but the extents of these pathophysiological changes were attenuated in GFRP OE mice. Perturbations in blood biochemistry were similarly attenuated in GFRP OE compared with wild-type controls. These results suggest that GFRP overexpression regulates GCH1 activity during septic shock, which in turn limits BH4 bioavailability for iNOS. We conclude that the GCH1-GFRP axis is a critical regulator of BH4 and NO production and the cardiovascular derangements that occur in septic shock.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Starr
- *Pharmacology and Therapeutics Group, Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, School of Biomedical Sciences, King’s College London; and MRC Clinical Sciences Centre, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London; and British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Claire A. Sand
- *Pharmacology and Therapeutics Group, Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, School of Biomedical Sciences, King’s College London; and MRC Clinical Sciences Centre, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London; and British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Lamia Heikal
- *Pharmacology and Therapeutics Group, Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, School of Biomedical Sciences, King’s College London; and MRC Clinical Sciences Centre, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London; and British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Peter D. Kelly
- *Pharmacology and Therapeutics Group, Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, School of Biomedical Sciences, King’s College London; and MRC Clinical Sciences Centre, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London; and British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Domenico Spina
- *Pharmacology and Therapeutics Group, Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, School of Biomedical Sciences, King’s College London; and MRC Clinical Sciences Centre, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London; and British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Mark Crabtree
- *Pharmacology and Therapeutics Group, Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, School of Biomedical Sciences, King’s College London; and MRC Clinical Sciences Centre, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London; and British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Keith M. Channon
- *Pharmacology and Therapeutics Group, Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, School of Biomedical Sciences, King’s College London; and MRC Clinical Sciences Centre, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London; and British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - James M. Leiper
- *Pharmacology and Therapeutics Group, Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, School of Biomedical Sciences, King’s College London; and MRC Clinical Sciences Centre, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London; and British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Manasi Nandi
- *Pharmacology and Therapeutics Group, Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, School of Biomedical Sciences, King’s College London; and MRC Clinical Sciences Centre, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London; and British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, United Kingdom
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Bodkin JV, Thakore P, Aubdool AA, Liang L, Fernandes ES, Nandi M, Spina D, Clark JE, Aaronson PI, Shattock MJ, Brain SD. Investigating the potential role of TRPA1 in locomotion and cardiovascular control during hypertension. Pharmacol Res Perspect 2014; 2:e00052. [PMID: 25505598 PMCID: PMC4186440 DOI: 10.1002/prp2.52] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2014] [Revised: 04/23/2014] [Accepted: 04/24/2014] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Radiotelemetry was used to investigate the in vivo cardiovascular and activity phenotype of both TRPA1 (transient receptor potential ankyrin 1) wild-type (WT) and TRPA1 knockout (KO) mice. After baseline recording, experimental hypertension was induced using angiotensin II infusion (1.1 mg(-1) kg(-1) a day, for 14 days). TRPA1 WT and KO mice showed similar morphological and functional cardiovascular parameters, including similar basal blood pressure (BP), heart rate, size, and function. Similar hypertension was also displayed in response to angiotensin II (156 ± 7 and 165 ± 11 mmHg, systolic BP ± SEM, n = 5-6). TRPA1 KO mice showed increased hypertensive hypertrophy (heart weight:tibia length: 7.3 ± 1.6 mg mm(-1) vs. 8.8 ± 1.7 mg mm(-1)) and presented with blunted interleukin 6 (IL-6) production compared with hypertensive WT mice (151 ± 24 vs. 89 ± 16 pg mL(-1)). TRPA1 expression in dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurones was upregulated during hypertension (163% of baseline expression). Investigations utilizing the TRPA1 agonist cinnamaldehyde (CA) on mesenteric arterioles isolated from näive mice suggested a lack of TRPA1-dependent vasoreactivity in this vascular bed; a site with notable ability to alter total peripheral resistance. However, mesenteric arterioles isolated from TRPA1 KO hypertensive mice displayed significantly reduced ability to relax in response to nitric oxide (NO) (P < 0.05). Unexpectedly, naïve TRPA1 KO mice also displayed physical hyperactivity traits at baseline, which was exacerbated during hypertension. In conclusion, our study provides a novel cardiovascular characterization of TRPA1 KO mice in a model of hypertension. Results suggest that TRPA1 has a limited role in global cardiovascular control, but we demonstrate an unexpected capacity for TRPA1 to regulate physical activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer V Bodkin
- Cardiovascular Division, BHF Centre of Excellence and Centre of Integrative Biomedicine, School of Medicine, King's College London London, SE1 9NH, U.K
| | - Pratish Thakore
- Cardiovascular Division, BHF Centre of Excellence and Centre of Integrative Biomedicine, School of Medicine, King's College London London, SE1 9NH, U.K ; Pharmaceutical Sciences Division, School of Biomedical Sciences, King's College London London, SE1 9NH, U.K
| | - Aisah A Aubdool
- Cardiovascular Division, BHF Centre of Excellence and Centre of Integrative Biomedicine, School of Medicine, King's College London London, SE1 9NH, U.K
| | - Lihuan Liang
- Cardiovascular Division, BHF Centre of Excellence and Centre of Integrative Biomedicine, School of Medicine, King's College London London, SE1 9NH, U.K
| | - Elizabeth S Fernandes
- Cardiovascular Division, BHF Centre of Excellence and Centre of Integrative Biomedicine, School of Medicine, King's College London London, SE1 9NH, U.K ; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Parasitária, Universidade Ceuma São Luís, Brazil
| | - Manasi Nandi
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Division, School of Biomedical Sciences, King's College London London, SE1 9NH, U.K
| | - Domenico Spina
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Division, School of Biomedical Sciences, King's College London London, SE1 9NH, U.K
| | - James E Clark
- Cardiovascular Division, BHF Centre of Excellence and Centre of Integrative Biomedicine, School of Medicine, King's College London London, SE1 9NH, U.K
| | - Philip I Aaronson
- Asthma, Allergy and Lung Biology Division, School of Medicine, King's College London London, SE1 1UL, U.K
| | - Michael J Shattock
- Cardiovascular Division, BHF Centre of Excellence and Centre of Integrative Biomedicine, School of Medicine, King's College London London, SE1 9NH, U.K
| | - Susan D Brain
- Cardiovascular Division, BHF Centre of Excellence and Centre of Integrative Biomedicine, School of Medicine, King's College London London, SE1 9NH, U.K
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Nandi M, Mahata A, Selvan T, Mallick I, Achari R, Chatterjee S. EP-1063: Helical Tomotherapy vs. 3dCRT in adjuvant radiotherapy of breast cancer: comparative dosimetry. Radiother Oncol 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/s0167-8140(15)33369-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Ghosh S, Banerjee P, Deny P, Mondal RK, Nandi M, Roychoudhury A, Das K, Banerjee S, Santra A, Zoulim F, Chowdhury A, Datta S. New HBV subgenotype D9, a novel D/C recombinant, identified in patients with chronic HBeAg-negative infection in Eastern India. J Viral Hepat 2013; 20:209-18. [PMID: 23383660 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2893.2012.01655.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2012] [Accepted: 07/02/2012] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Genome diversity is a hallmark of hepatitis B virus (HBV), which allowed its classification into 10 genotypes (A-J) and numerous subgenotypes. Among them, Genotype D is currently segregated into eight subgenotypes (D1-D8). Here, we report the identification and characterization of a novel subgenotype within genotype D of HBV from chronic hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg)-negative patients of Eastern India. Phylogenetic tree analysis based on complete genome sequences revealed that six of 39 HBV/D isolates formed a distinct cluster supported by high bootstrap value and had nucleotide divergence >4% relative to the known D subgenotypes (D1-D8), justifying their assignment into a new subgenotype (D9). By comparing the amino acid sequences of the four ORFs of HBV/D9 with D1-D8, 36 specific residues, including a unique one (E(112) in the core region), were identified that could be considered as a signature of D9. Further analysis by Simplot, BootScan and jpHMM demonstrated that D9 resulted from a discrete recombination with genotype C over the precore-core region. This type of recombination has not been described previously as all C/D recombinants reported so far possessed genotype C backbones with mosaic fragments derived from HBV/D. Interestingly, compared to other subgenotypes of HBV/D, D9 isolates had a higher frequency of mutations (A1762T and G1764A) in the basal core promoter region that had been implicated in the development of hepatocellular carcinoma. Further investigations are needed to determine the overall prevalence and clinical significance of these newly characterized D9 strains and to assess the impact of inter-genotypic recombination on viral properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Ghosh
- Centre for Liver Research, School of Digestive and Liver Diseases, Institute of Post Graduate Medical Education and Research, Kolkata, India
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Nandi M, Mahata A, Majumder T, Mallick I, Achari R, Chatterjee S. AOSP18 IS HYPOFRACTIONATED ADJUVANT RADIOTHERAPY THE WAY FORWARD IN INDIAN BREAST CANCER PATIENTS? Eur J Cancer 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/s0959-8049(13)70030-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Abstract
6R l-erythro-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobiopterin (BH4) is an essential cofactor for several enzymes including phenylalanine hydroxylase and the nitric oxide synthases (NOS). Oral supplementation of BH4 has been successfully employed to treat subsets of patients with hyperphenylalaninaemia. More recently, research efforts have focussed on understanding whether BH4 supplementation may also be efficacious in cardiovascular disorders that are underpinned by reduced nitric oxide bioavailability. Whilst numerous preclinical and clinical studies have demonstrated a positive association between enhanced BH4 and vascular function, the efficacy of orally administered BH4 in human cardiovascular disease remains unclear. Furthermore, interventions that limit BH4 bioavailability may provide benefit in diseases where nitric oxide over production contributes to pathology. This review describes the pathways involved in BH4 bio-regulation and discusses other endogenous mechanisms that could be harnessed therapeutically to manipulate vascular BH4 levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Starr
- Pharmacology and Therapeutics Group, Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, School of Biomedical Sciences, King's College London, Franklin Wilkins Building, 150 Stamford Street,London SE1 9NH, United Kingdom
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Marshall NJ, Liang L, Bodkin J, Dessapt-Baradez C, Nandi M, Collot-Teixeira S, Smillie SJ, Lalgi K, Fernandes ES, Gnudi L, Brain SD. A role for TRPV1 in influencing the onset of cardiovascular disease in obesity. Hypertension 2012; 61:246-52. [PMID: 23150506 DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.112.201434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Obesity induced by Western diets is associated with type 2 diabetes mellitus and cardiovascular diseases, although underlying mechanisms are unclear. We investigated a murine model of diet-induced obesity to determine the effect of transient potential receptor vanilloid 1 (TRPV1) deletion on hypertension and metabolic syndrome. Wild-type and TRPV1 knockout mice were fed normal or high-fat diet from 3 to 15 weeks. High-fat diet-fed mice from both genotypes became obese, with similar increases in body and adipose tissue weights. High-fat diet-fed TRPV1 knockout mice showed significantly improved handling of glucose compared with high-fat diet-fed wild-type mice. Hypertension, vascular hypertrophy, and altered nociception were observed in high-fat diet-fed wild-type but not high-fat diet-fed TRPV1 knockout mice. Wild-type, but not high-fat diet-fed TRPV1 knockout, mice demonstrated remodeling in terms of aortic vascular hypertrophy and increased heart and kidney weight, although resistance vessel responses were similar in each. Moreover, the wild-type mice had significantly increased plasma levels of leptin, interleukin 10 and interleukin 1β, whereas samples from TRPV1 knockout mice did not show significant increases. Our results do not support the concept that TRPV1 plays a major role in influencing weight gain. However, we identified a role of TRPV1 in the deleterious effects observed with high-fat feeding in terms of inducing hypertension, impairing thermal nociception sensitivity, and reducing glucose tolerance. The observation of raised levels of adipokines in wild-type but not TRPV1 knockout mice is in keeping with TRPV1 involvement in stimulating the proinflammatory network that is central to obesity-induced hypertension and sensory neuronal dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nichola J Marshall
- British Heart Foundation Centre of Cardiovascular Excellence and Centre of Integrative Biomedicine, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
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