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de França-Beltrão GV, Monteiro VB, Melo JWS, Lima DB, Lofego AC, Gondim MGC. Population dynamics of Steneotarsonemus concavuscutum, a neglected mite pest in coconut fruits (Cocos nucifera). EXPERIMENTAL & APPLIED ACAROLOGY 2023:10.1007/s10493-023-00806-2. [PMID: 37322232 DOI: 10.1007/s10493-023-00806-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The meristematic region of Cocos nucifera fruits can be colonized by various species of mites, including Steneotarsonemus concavuscutum, Steneotarsonemus furcatus, and Aceria guerreronis. The consequence of this colonization is the development of necrotic lesions on the fruit, and sometimes its abortion. Losses are commonly attributed to A. guerreronis alone, owing to the similarities in the injuries caused and its predominance in coconut plantations. However, S. concavuscutum may be the predominant pest species in some crops. Despite the possible impact of S. concavuscutum, little is known about its bioecological aspects, such as the influence of biotic and abiotic factors on its population dynamics. Our objective was to document macroclimatic abiotic factors (temperature, relative humidity, and precipitation) and biotic factors (interspecific competition and predation) interfere in the population dynamics of S. concavuscutum. We evaluated the diversity and abundance of mites in the perianth of coconut fruit naturally infested by S. concavuscutum for 1 year. The species found in the fruits of bunch 6 of the plant, which is the fruit age at which the mites commonly reach the highest abundance, were counted every 2 weeks. We found mites from nine families and S. concavuscutum was the predominant species, representing about 92% of the individuals collected. Predators represented approximately 2% of the total collection, with Neoseiulus baraki as the predominant species. Steneotarsonemus concavuscutum population density ranged from 60 to 397 mites/fruit. The highest population densities of S. concavuscutum were observed in the hottest and driest periods of the year. The population densities of S. concavuscutum were negatively associated with the presence of N. baraki, suggesting that this predator may have a role in the biological control of this pest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Girleide V de França-Beltrão
- Departamento de Agronomia - Entomologia, Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, Rua Dom Manoel de Medeiros, Recife, PE, 52171-900, Brazil.
| | - Vaneska B Monteiro
- Departamento de Agronomia - Entomologia, Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, Rua Dom Manoel de Medeiros, Recife, PE, 52171-900, Brazil
| | - José W S Melo
- Departamento de Zoologia - Centro de Biociência, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Avenida Professor Moraes Rego, Recife, PE, 50670-420, Brazil
| | - Debora B Lima
- Departamento de Zoologia - Centro de Biociência, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Avenida Professor Moraes Rego, Recife, PE, 50670-420, Brazil
| | - Antônio C Lofego
- Departamento de Ciências Biológicas-Biodiversidade, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Rua Cristóvão Colombo, São José do Rio Preto, SP, 15054-000, Brazil
| | - Manoel G C Gondim
- Departamento de Agronomia - Entomologia, Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, Rua Dom Manoel de Medeiros, Recife, PE, 52171-900, Brazil
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Ščevková J, Vašková Z, Dušička J, Žilka M, Zvaríková M. Co-occurrence of airborne biological and anthropogenic pollutants in the central European urban ecosystem. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:26523-26534. [PMID: 36367655 PMCID: PMC9651122 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-24048-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2022] [Accepted: 11/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The interactions between organic and inorganic air pollutants, enhanced by the impact of weather parameters, may worsen the respiratory allergy symptoms in allergy sufferers. Pollen grains and fungal spores belong to some of the most crucial aeroallergens. Other allergenic bioparticles in the atmospheric microbiome can include microalgae, fern spores and mites. In this study, we evaluated if and to what extent air pollutants and weather parameters drive the daily variation in airborne concentrations of broad spectrum of bioparticles (pollen grains, fungal spores, microalgae, fern spores and invertebrates) in the air of Bratislava over 3 years, 2019-2021. Air samples were collected using a Hirst-type volumetric sampler. Based on the results of Spearman's correlation analysis, air temperature seems to be the most influential meteorological factor, positively associated with the concentration of all types of bioparticles at assemblage level, even though the association with microalgae was negative. Wind speed, known to have a diluting effect on most airborne particles, appears to be the most influential for microalgae, as their concentration in the air increases along with rising wind speed. Considering air pollutants, correlation analysis revealed that as the daily concentrations of ozone, PM10, CO and/or NO2 increased, so did the levels of most types of analysed bioaerosols at the assemblage level. Regarding that bioparticles may act as carriers for inorganic particles and amplify their allergenic impact, a concomitant increment in the airborne concentration of both organic and inorganic pollutants poses a threat to allergy sufferers in the study area. The concentration of microalgae, on the other hand, decreases with rising levels of CO, NO2 and PM10; thereby, their synergistic effect on allergy sufferers is negligible. Based on our findings, we suggest that the response of pollen and fungal spore concentration to environmental conditions should be investigated at the taxon, not the assemblage level, as each pollen/spore taxon has a different pattern in response to meteorological parameters and air pollutants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jana Ščevková
- Faculty of Natural Sciences, Department of Botany, Comenius University, Révová 39, 811 02, Bratislava, Slovakia.
| | - Zuzana Vašková
- Faculty of Natural Sciences, Department of Botany, Comenius University, Révová 39, 811 02, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Jozef Dušička
- Faculty of Natural Sciences, Department of Botany, Comenius University, Révová 39, 811 02, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Matúš Žilka
- Faculty of Natural Sciences, Department of Botany, Comenius University, Révová 39, 811 02, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Martina Zvaríková
- Faculty of Natural Sciences, Department of Environmental Ecology and Landscape Management, Comenius University, Ilkovičova 6, 842 48, Bratislava, Slovakia
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Santos AC, Leite TRM, Cunha MSS, Gondim MGC, Lofego AC, Ferla NJ, Bizarro GL, Oliveira AR. A rotatory funnel-shaped collector for trapping airborne mites in a glycerin-based adhesive surface. EXPERIMENTAL & APPLIED ACAROLOGY 2022; 86:189-200. [PMID: 35038078 DOI: 10.1007/s10493-022-00687-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2021] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Many mite species disperse via the air. However, most methods described for the study of aerial dispersal have some limitations in the collection and/or recovery of mites that could be improved. The aim of this study was to describe a rotatory funnel-shaped collector that directs the wind to adhesive surfaces covered with a glycerin-based solution. Tests were conducted on a soccer field at UESC, Ilhéus, Brazil, in four 8-day periods. In total, 330 mites of 52 species of Eriophyidae, Tarsonemidae, Diptilomiopidae, Iolinidae, Triophtydeidae, Astigmata, Tydeidae, Phytoseiidae, Scutacaridae, Oribatida, Ascidae, Dolichocybidae, Eupodidae, Pygmephoridae and Tenuipalpidae were collected. Of the mites captured in the first three periods, 67% were Aceria sp. (Eriophyidae), and in the fourth period 46% were Coccotydaeolus aff. bakeri and Paurotyndareus sp. (Iolinidae). Comparisons between the funnel-shaped collector with the tube-shaped rotatable model of Duffner et al. (J Pest Sci 74:1-6, 2001, adapted from Schliesske 1977) showed that the former captured >3× the number of mites and 2× the number of species. In conclusion, it is expected that the method described here could help in future pest management, and help solve ecological and behavioral problems involving airborne mite dispersal, offering a tool for monitoring, counting and identifying mites, or even other small arthropods, pollen and fungal spores, in experimental and applied studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda C Santos
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Produção Vegetal (PPGPV), Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz (UESC), Ilhéus, BA, 45662-900, Brazil
| | - Thácyla R M Leite
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Produção Vegetal (PPGPV), Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz (UESC), Ilhéus, BA, 45662-900, Brazil
| | - Mateus S S Cunha
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Produção Vegetal (PPGPV), Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz (UESC), Ilhéus, BA, 45662-900, Brazil
| | - Manoel G C Gondim
- Departamento de Agronomia, Área de Fitossanidade, Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco (UFRPE), Recife, PE, 52171-900, Brazil
| | - Antonio C Lofego
- Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Instituto de Biociências, Letras e Ciências Exatas (IBILCE), Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), São José do Rio Preto, SP, 15054-000, Brazil
| | - Noeli J Ferla
- Museu de Ciências Naturais, Universidade do Vale do Taquari - UNIVATES, Lajeado, RS, 95900-000, Brazil
| | - Gabriel L Bizarro
- Museu de Ciências Naturais, Universidade do Vale do Taquari - UNIVATES, Lajeado, RS, 95900-000, Brazil
| | - Anibal R Oliveira
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Produção Vegetal (PPGPV), Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz (UESC), Ilhéus, BA, 45662-900, Brazil.
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Qayyoum MA, Song ZW, Zhang BX, Li DS, Khan BS. Behavioral response of Panonychus citri (McGregor) (Acari: Tetranychidae) to synthetic chemicals and oils. PeerJ 2021; 9:e10899. [PMID: 33868798 PMCID: PMC8029669 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.10899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2020] [Accepted: 01/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Panonychus citri (McGregor) (Acari: Tetranychidae) population outbreaks after the citrus plantation's chemical application is a common observation. Dispersal behavior is an essential tool to understand the secondary outbreak of P. citri population. Therefore, in the current study, the dispersal activity of P. citri was observed on the leaf surfaces of Citrus reticulata (Rutaceae) treated with SYP-9625, abamectin, vegetable oil, and EnSpray 99. Method Mites were released on the first (apex) leaf of the plant (adaxial surface) and data were recorded after 24 h. The treated, untreated, and half-treated data were analyzed by combining the leaf surfaces (adaxial right, adaxial left, abaxial right, and abaxial left). All experiments were performed in open-air environmental conditions. Results The maximum number of mites was captured on the un-treated or half-treated surfaces due to chemicals repellency. Chemical bioassays of the free-choice test showed that all treatments significantly increased the mortality of P. citri depending on application method and concentration. A significant number of mites repelled away from treated surfaces and within treated surfaces except adaxial left and abaxial right surfaces at LC30. In the no-choice test, SYP-9625 gave maximum mortality and dispersal by oils than others. No significant differences were observed within the adaxial and abaxial except abaxial surface at LC30. Therefore, the presence of tested acaricides interferes with P. citri dispersal within leaf surfaces of plantations depending on the mites released point and a preferred site for feeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Asif Qayyoum
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of High Technology for Plant Protection/Plant Protection Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou City, Guangdong, China.,Department of Plant Protection, Ghazi University, Dera Ghazi Khan, Dera Ghazi Khan, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Zi-Wei Song
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of High Technology for Plant Protection/Plant Protection Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou City, Guangdong, China
| | - Bao-Xin Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of High Technology for Plant Protection/Plant Protection Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou City, Guangdong, China
| | - Dun-Song Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of High Technology for Plant Protection/Plant Protection Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou City, Guangdong, China
| | - Bilal Saeed Khan
- Department of Entomology, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Punjab, Pakistan
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Kuczyński L, Radwańska A, Karpicka-Ignatowska K, Laska A, Lewandowski M, Rector BG, Majer A, Raubic J, Skoracka A. A comprehensive and cost-effective approach for investigating passive dispersal in minute invertebrates with case studies of phytophagous eriophyid mites. EXPERIMENTAL & APPLIED ACAROLOGY 2020; 82:17-31. [PMID: 32812209 PMCID: PMC7471196 DOI: 10.1007/s10493-020-00532-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2020] [Accepted: 08/01/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Dispersal is a fundamental biological process that operates at different temporal and spatial scales with consequences for individual fitness, population dynamics, population genetics, and species distributions. Studying this process is particularly challenging when the focus is on microscopic organisms that disperse passively, whilst controlling neither the transience nor the settlement phase of their movement. In this work we propose a comprehensive approach for studying passive dispersal of microscopic invertebrates and demonstrate it using wind and phoretic vectors. The protocol includes the construction of versatile, modifiable dispersal tunnels as well as a theoretical framework quantifying the movement of species via wind or vectors, and a hierarchical Bayesian approach appropriate to the structure of the dispersal data. The tunnels were used to investigate the three stages of dispersal (viz., departure, transience, and settlement) of two species of minute, phytophagous eriophyid mites Aceria tosichella and Abacarus hystrix. The proposed devices are inexpensive and easy to construct from readily sourced materials. Possible modifications enable studies of a wide range of mite species and facilitate manipulation of dispersal factors, thus opening a new important area of ecological study for many heretofore understudied species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lechosław Kuczyński
- Population Ecology Lab, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznań, Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 6, 61-614 Poznań, Poland
| | - Anna Radwańska
- Population Ecology Lab, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznań, Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 6, 61-614 Poznań, Poland
| | - Kamila Karpicka-Ignatowska
- Population Ecology Lab, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznań, Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 6, 61-614 Poznań, Poland
| | - Alicja Laska
- Population Ecology Lab, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznań, Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 6, 61-614 Poznań, Poland
| | - Mariusz Lewandowski
- Section of Applied Entomology, Department of Plant Protection, Institute of Horticultural Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences-SGGW, Nowoursynowska 159, 02-776 Warszawa, Poland
| | - Brian G. Rector
- Great Basin Rangelands Research Unit, USDA-ARS, 920 Valley Road, Reno, NV 89512 USA
| | - Agnieszka Majer
- Population Ecology Lab, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznań, Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 6, 61-614 Poznań, Poland
| | - Jarosław Raubic
- Population Ecology Lab, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznań, Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 6, 61-614 Poznań, Poland
| | - Anna Skoracka
- Population Ecology Lab, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznań, Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 6, 61-614 Poznań, Poland
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Can your behaviour blow you away? Contextual and phenotypic precursors to passive aerial dispersal in phytophagous mites. Anim Behav 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anbehav.2019.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Valenzano D, Bari G, Valeria M, de Lillo E. Off-host survival of Eriophyoidea and remarks on their dispersal modes. EXPERIMENTAL & APPLIED ACAROLOGY 2019; 79:21-33. [PMID: 31552560 DOI: 10.1007/s10493-019-00417-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2018] [Accepted: 09/13/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Dispersal of eriophyoid mites is crucial for the successful colonization of new plants. Literature suggests that their long-distance dispersal is through aerial transfer. During dispersal, eriophyoids might be captured in vapor or fine drops of water (perhaps most likely in clouds) where they might be protected against water loss and desiccation, but where they would have no food and be exposed to low temperatures and oxygen concentrations. Considerable resistance of these mites to these stressful environmental conditions is expected and has only partly been confirmed experimentally. The aim of the bioassays conducted here was to assess the survival of five eriophyoid species off their host plants, with poor oxygen availability under two temperature regimes. The bioassays were carried out on live mites dipped into two media used as microenvironments: (1) vaseline oil (used also as control treatment), and (2) water solution of Tween 80 (0.2%) and cycloheximide (50 mg/l). The bioassays were performed at 5 ± 1 and 25 ± 1 °C. The survival of mites was assessed weekly (5 °C) or daily (25 °C) by counting live and active specimens. The following species were subjected to the bioassays: Aceria caulobia (a stem gall mite), Aceria ficus (a vagrant mite), Cecidophyopsis hendersoni (a vagrant mite), Colomerus vitis (protogyne/male population and deutogyne morphs; a leaf gall mite) and Phytoptus avellanae (a bud gall mite). The survival rate of the mites was higher at 5 °C than at 25 °C under both experimental conditions. At 5 °C, the survival of almost all species was higher in the water solution (up to 6-7 weeks) than in vaseline oil (3-5 weeks). Longer survival was found for A. caulobia and P. avellanae (gall-making species) than for C. hendersoni and A. ficus (vagrant species). As expected, the deutogynes of C. vitis survived longer than its protogynes. The current results suggest that individuals of some of the tested species are well suited for withstanding cold, starvation and low oxygen rates, which could be found at higher atmospheric layers, within the clouds, allowing them an effective long-distance dispersal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Domenico Valenzano
- Dipartimento di Science del Suolo, della Pianta e degli Alimenti, sezione di Entomologia e Zoologia, Università degli Studi di Bari "Aldo Moro", via Amendola, 165/a, 70126, Bari, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Bari
- Dipartimento di Science del Suolo, della Pianta e degli Alimenti, sezione di Entomologia e Zoologia, Università degli Studi di Bari "Aldo Moro", via Amendola, 165/a, 70126, Bari, Italy
| | - Malagnini Valeria
- Centro di Trasferimento Tecnologico, Fondazione Edmund Mach, via E. Mach, 1, 38010, San Michele all'Adige, TN, Italy
| | - Enrico de Lillo
- Dipartimento di Science del Suolo, della Pianta e degli Alimenti, sezione di Entomologia e Zoologia, Università degli Studi di Bari "Aldo Moro", via Amendola, 165/a, 70126, Bari, Italy.
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Monteiro VB, Lima DB, Melo JWS, Guedes RNC, Gondim MGC. Acaricide-Mediated Colonization of Mite-Infested Coconuts by the Predatory Phytoseiid Neoseiulus baraki (Acari: Phytoseiidae). JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY 2019; 112:213-218. [PMID: 30272181 DOI: 10.1093/jee/toy291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Walking is important to dispersal on plants and colonization of new plants by predatory mites, and this activity is potentially affected by the presence of acaricides. This possibility was investigated in coconut fruits infested with the coconut mite, Aceria guerreronis Keifer (Acari: Eriophyidae), where colonization by the predator Neoseiulus baraki (Athias-Henriot) (Acari: Phytoseiidae) was monitored. The following acaricides were evaluated for influence on the process of colonization by the predatory mite: abamectin, azadirachtin, and fenpyroximate. Water-treated fruits were used for comparison. Experiments were conducted with and without freedom of choice on coconut fruits with the release and recapture of females of N. baraki marked with fluorescent ink. A confinement experiment was also carried out on coconut bunch rachis sprayed or not sprayed with the acaricides. The predatory mite N. baraki avoided contact with acaricide-contaminated areas. After the predators were released on the fruits or bunch rachis, larger numbers were recaptured under the bracts than on the surface of the fruits. The number of predators recaptured in all experiments was lower in the treatments with acaricides than in the control. Among the acaricides tested, azadirachtin least affected N. baraki colonization. Therefore, the presence of the tested acaricides indeed interferes with N. baraki dispersal within plants and the coconut fruit colonization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vaneska B Monteiro
- Departamento de Agronomia - Entomologia, Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, Av. Dom Manoel de Medeiros s/n, Dois Irmãos, Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - Debora B Lima
- Departamento de Agronomia - Entomologia, Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, Av. Dom Manoel de Medeiros s/n, Dois Irmãos, Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - José W S Melo
- Departamento de Fitotecnia - Entomologia, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Campus do Pici, Av. Mister Hull, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Raul Narciso C Guedes
- Departamento de Entomologia, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, MG, Brazil
- USDA-ARS San Joaquin Valley Agricultural Sciences Center, Parlier, CA
| | - Manoel G C Gondim
- Departamento de Agronomia - Entomologia, Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, Av. Dom Manoel de Medeiros s/n, Dois Irmãos, Recife, PE, Brazil
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Monteiro VB, Silva VF, Lima DB, Guedes RNC, Gondim MGC. Pesticides and passive dispersal: acaricide- and starvation-induced take-off of the predatory mite Neoseiulus baraki. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2018; 74:1272-1278. [PMID: 29316207 DOI: 10.1002/ps.4851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2017] [Revised: 12/14/2017] [Accepted: 12/31/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND An understanding of the causes and consequences of dispersal is vital for managing populations. Environmental contaminants, such as pesticides, provide potential environmental context-dependent stimuli for dispersal of targeted and non-targeted species, which may occur not only for active but also for passive dispersal, although such a possibility is frequently neglected. Here, we assessed the potential of food deprivation and acaricides to interfere with the take-off for passive (wind) dispersal of the predatory mite Neoseiulus baraki. RESULTS Wind tunnel bioassays indicated that starvation favoured the take-off for wind dispersal by the mite predator, which also varied with wind velocity, and dispersal increased at higher velocities within the 1-7 (m s-1 ) range tested. For the acaricides tested, particularly the biopesticide azadirachtin but also abamectin and fenpyroximate, the rate of predator take-off for dispersal increased, and further increased with wind velocity up to 7 m/s. Such responses were associated with changes in the predator behavioural preparation for wind-mediated passive dispersal, with a greater incidence of the standing posture that permitted take-off. CONCLUSION The rate of take-off for passive dispersal by N. baraki increased with food deprivation and exposure to the residues of agricultural acaricides. Azadirachtin exposure resulted in a particularly strong response, although abamectin and fenpyroximate also stimulated dispersal. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vaneska Barbosa Monteiro
- Departamento de Agronomia - Entomologia, Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil
| | - Vanessa Farias Silva
- Departamento de Agronomia - Entomologia, Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil
| | - Debora Barbosa Lima
- Departamento de Agronomia - Entomologia, Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil
| | - Raul Narciso Carvalho Guedes
- Departamento de Entomologia, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Brazil
- USDA-ARS San Joaquin Valley Agricultural Sciences Center, Parlier, CA, USA
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Sousa ASG, Argolo PS, Gondim MGC, de Moraes GJ, Oliveira AR. Influence of fruit age of the Brazilian Green Dwarf coconut on the relationship between Aceria guerreronis population density and percentage of fruit damage. EXPERIMENTAL & APPLIED ACAROLOGY 2017; 72:329-337. [PMID: 28831715 DOI: 10.1007/s10493-017-0152-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2017] [Accepted: 07/11/2017] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
The coconut mite, Aceria guerreronis Keifer (Acari: Eriophyidae), is one of the main coconut pests in the American, African and parts of the Asian continents, reaching densities of several thousand mites per fruit. Diagrammatic scales have been developed to standardize the estimation of the population densities of A. guerreronis according to the estimated percentage of damage, but these have not taken into account the possible effect of fruit age, although previous studies have already reported the variation in mite numbers with fruit age. The objective of this study was to re-construct the relation between damage and mite density at different fruit ages collected in an urban coconut plantation containing the green dwarf variety ranging from the beginning to nearly the end of the infestation, as regularly seen under field conditions in northeast Brazil, in order to improve future estimates with diagrammatic scales. The percentage of damage was estimated with two diagrammatic scales on a total of 470 fruits from 1 to 5 months old, from a field at Ilhéus, Bahia, Brazil, determining the respective number of mites on each fruit. The results suggested that in estimates with diagrammatic scales: (1) fruit age has a major effect on the estimation of A. guerreronis densities, (2) fruits of different ages should be analyzed separately, and (3) regular evaluation of infestation levels should be done preferably on fruits of about 3-4 months old, which show the highest densities.
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Affiliation(s)
- André Silva Guimarães Sousa
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Produção Vegetal (PPGPV), Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz (UESC), Ilhéus, Bahia, 45662-900, Brazil
| | - Poliane Sá Argolo
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Produção Vegetal (PPGPV), Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz (UESC), Ilhéus, Bahia, 45662-900, Brazil
| | - Manoel Guedes Correa Gondim
- Departamento de Agronomia, Área de Fitossanidade, Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, Recife, PE, 52171-900, Brazil
| | - Gilberto José de Moraes
- Departamento de Entomologia e Acarologia, Escola Superior de Agricultura Luiz de Queiroz (ESALQ - USP), Piracicaba, SP, 13418-900, Brazil
| | - Anibal Ramadan Oliveira
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Produção Vegetal (PPGPV), Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz (UESC), Ilhéus, Bahia, 45662-900, Brazil.
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Behavioural responses to potential dispersal cues in two economically important species of cereal-feeding eriophyid mites. Sci Rep 2017. [PMID: 28634374 PMCID: PMC5478656 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-04372-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Passively dispersing organisms should optimise the time and direction of dispersal by employing behaviours that increase their probability of being successfully transported by dispersal agents. We rigorously tested whether two agriculturally important passively-dispersing eriophyoid species, wheat curl mite (WCM) and cereal rust mite (CRM), display behaviours indicating their readiness to depart from current host plants in the presence of potential dispersal cues: wind, an insect vector and presence of a fresh plant. Contrary to our expectations, we found that both species decreased their general activity in the presence of wind. When exposed to wind, WCM (but not CRM) significantly increased behaviour that has previously been considered to facilitate dispersal (in this case, standing vertically). Our study provides the first sound test of the function of what have been interpreted as dispersal-related behaviours of eriophyid mites. The low proportion of WCM exhibiting dispersal behaviour suggests there may be predisposed dispersers and residents in the population. Moreover, we found that WCM was generally more active than CRM, which is likely a contributing factor to its high invasive potential.
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Melo JWS, Lima DB, Staudacher H, Silva FR, Gondim MGC, Sabelis MW. Evidence of Amblyseius largoensis and Euseius alatus as biological control agent of Aceria guerreronis. EXPERIMENTAL & APPLIED ACAROLOGY 2015; 67:411-421. [PMID: 26255279 DOI: 10.1007/s10493-015-9963-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2015] [Accepted: 08/05/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Amblyseius largoensis (Muma) (Acari: Phytoseiidae) and Euseius alatus De Leon (Acari: Phytoseiidae) are predatory mites that are mostly found on leaves and on the exposed fruit surface of coconut plants. Their morphology hampers the access to the microhabitat occupied by Aceria guerreronis Keifer (Acari: Eriophyidae), the most important pest of coconut fruits throughout the world. However, it was suggested that they can prey on A. guerreronis under natural conditions when this pest leaves its refuge to disperse. Since the trophic interactions between A. largoensis or E. alatus and A. guerreronis are unknown, we compare the frequencies of occurrence of A. largoensis and E. alatus under the bracts of coconut fruits and on coconut leaflets. In addition, because phytoseiids feed by liquid ingestion, we used molecular analysis to confirm the potential role of A. largoensis or E. alatus as predators of A. guerreronis and to assess how fast the A. guerreronis DNA fragment is degradated in the A. largoensis digestive tract. Our study demonstrated that E. alatus was only present on coconut leaflets whereas A. largoensis was found mostly on leaflets and, to a much lesser extent, under the bracts of coconuts. Species-specific ITS primers designed for A. guerreronis were shown to have a high degree of specificity for A. guerreronis DNA and did not produce any PCR product from DNA templates of the other insects and mites associated with the coconut agroecosystem. Based on molecular analysis, we confirmed that the predatory mites, A. largoensis and E. alatus, had preyed on the coconut mite in the field. Overall the predatory mites collected in the field exhibited low levels of predation (26.7% of A. largoensis and 8.9% of E. alatus tested positive for A. guerreronis DNA). The fragment of A. guerreronis DNA remained intact for a very short time (no more than 6 h after feeding) in the digestive tract of A. largoensis.
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Affiliation(s)
- J W S Melo
- Departamento de Fitotecnia - Entomologia, Universidade Federal do Ceará - Campus do Pici, Avenida Mister Hull, n 2977, Bloco 805, Sala 215, Fortaleza, CE, CEP 60356-000, Brazil.
| | - D B Lima
- Depto. Agronomia, Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, Recife, PE, 52171-900, Brazil
| | - H Staudacher
- Institute of Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - F R Silva
- Institute of Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - M G C Gondim
- Depto. Agronomia, Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, Recife, PE, 52171-900, Brazil
| | - M W Sabelis
- Institute of Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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