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Sun Y, Zhong N, Zhu X, Fan Q, Li K, Chen Y, Wan X, He Q, Xu Y. Identification of important genes associated with acute myocardial infarction using multiple cell death patterns. Cell Signal 2023; 112:110921. [PMID: 37839544 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2023.110921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2023] [Revised: 10/01/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023]
Abstract
Acute myocardial infarction (AMI) is a global health threat, and programmed cell death (PCD) plays a crucial role in its occurrence and development. In this study, integrated bioinformatics tools were used to explore new biomarkers and therapeutic targets in AMI. Thirteen types of PCD-related genes were identified through literature review, KEGG, and GSEA pathways. Gene expression matrices and clinical data from AMI patients and healthy controls were obtained from the GEO database. Statistical analysis in R identified 377 differentially expressed genes in AMI patients. Intersection analysis between the differentially expressed genes and PCD-related genes revealed 24 genes positively correlated with immune cells such as Neutrophils and Monocytes, while negatively correlated with T cells CD4 memory resting and Plasma cells. Unsupervised clustering analysis divided patients into two groups (C1 and C2) based on the expression levels of these 24 genes. GSVA analysis showed that C2 patients were more active in pathways related to maintaining normal cell morphology and promoting phagocytosis, suggesting a lower programmed cell death rate and a higher tendency to maintain cell survival. Two hub genes, TNFAIP3 and TP53INP2, were identified through LASSO regression analysis and SVM-RFE, and were validated using an external dataset and RT-qPCR、Western blot and ELISA analysis. These hub genes showed significantly higher expression and protein secretion levels in AMI patients compared to healthy individuals. Overall, regulating and controlling PCD, particularly through the identified hub genes, TNFAIP3 and TP53INP2, may provide new therapeutic strategies for improving the prognosis of AMI patients and preventing heart failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Sun
- Clifford Hospital, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Nan Zhong
- Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xianqiong Zhu
- Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | | | - Keyi Li
- Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | | | | | - Qi He
- Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ying Xu
- Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
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Li Z, Dai R, Chen M, Huang L, Zhu K, Li M, Zhu W, Li Y, Xie N, Li J, Wang L, Lan F, Cao CM. p55γ degrades RIP3 via MG53 to suppress ischaemia-induced myocardial necroptosis and mediates cardioprotection of preconditioning. Cardiovasc Res 2023; 119:2421-2440. [PMID: 37527538 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvad123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2022] [Revised: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 08/03/2023] Open
Abstract
AIMS Regulated necrosis (necroptosis) and apoptosis are important biological features of myocardial infarction, ischaemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury, and heart failure. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying myocardial necroptosis remain elusive. Ischaemic preconditioning (IPC) is the most powerful intrinsic cardioprotection against myocardial I/R injury. In this study, we aimed to determine whether IPC suppresses I/R-induced necroptosis and the underlying molecular mechanisms. METHODS AND RESULTS We generated p55γ transgenic and knockout mice and used ligation of left anterior descending coronary artery to produce an in vivo I/R model. The effects of p55γ and its downstream molecules were subsequently identified using mass spectroscopy and co-immunoprecipitation and pulldown assays. We found that p55γ expression was down-regulated in failing human myocardium caused by coronary heart disease as well as in I/R mouse hearts. Cardiac-specific p55γ overexpression ameliorated the I/R-induced necroptosis. In striking contrast, p55γ deficiency (p55γ-/-) and cardiac-specific deletion of p55γ (p55γc-KO) worsened I/R-induced injury. IPC up-regulated p55γ expression in vitro and in vivo. Using reporter and chromatin immunoprecipitation assays, we found that Hif1α transcriptionally regulated p55γ expression and mediated the cardioprotection of IPC. IPC-mediated suppression of necroptosis was attenuated in p55γ-/- and p55γc-KO hearts. Mechanistically, p55γ overexpression decreased the protein levels of RIP3 rather than the mRNA levels, while p55γ deficiency increased the protein abundance of RIP3. IPC attenuated the I/R-induced up-regulation of RIP3, which was abolished in p55γ-deficient mice. Up-regulation of RIP3 attenuated the p55γ- or IPC-induced inhibition of necroptosis in vivo. Importantly, p55γ directly bound and degraded RIP3 in a ubiquitin-dependent manner. We identified MG53 as the E3 ligase that mediated the p55γ-induced degradation of RIP3. In addition, we also found that p55γ activated the RISK pathway during IPC. CONCLUSIONS Our findings reveal that activation of the MG53-RIP3 signal pathway by p55γ protects the heart against I/R-induced necroptosis and underlies IPC-induced cardioprotection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenyan Li
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Science, Beijing Clinical Research Institute, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, 95 Yongan Road, Xicheng District, Beijing 100050, China
- Department of Physiology, Capital Institute of Pediatrics, 2 Yabao Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100020, China
- Graduate School of Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 9 Dongdansantiao, Dongcheng District, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Rilei Dai
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Science, Beijing Clinical Research Institute, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, 95 Yongan Road, Xicheng District, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Min Chen
- Department of Physiology, Capital Institute of Pediatrics, 2 Yabao Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100020, China
| | - Lixuan Huang
- Department of Dermatology, The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Hebei Medical University, 361 Zhongshan East Road, Shijiazhuang 050017, China
| | - Kun Zhu
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Science, Beijing Clinical Research Institute, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, 95 Yongan Road, Xicheng District, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Mingyang Li
- Department of Cardiology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, 95 Yongan Road, Xicheng District, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Wenting Zhu
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Science, Beijing Clinical Research Institute, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, 95 Yongan Road, Xicheng District, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Yang Li
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Science, Beijing Clinical Research Institute, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, 95 Yongan Road, Xicheng District, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Ning Xie
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Peking University, 5 Yiheyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Jingchen Li
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Science, Beijing Clinical Research Institute, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, 95 Yongan Road, Xicheng District, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Li Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Fuwai Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, 167 Beilishi Road, Xicheng District, Beijing 100037, China
| | - Feng Lan
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Fuwai Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, 167 Beilishi Road, Xicheng District, Beijing 100037, China
| | - Chun-Mei Cao
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Science, Beijing Clinical Research Institute, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, 95 Yongan Road, Xicheng District, Beijing 100050, China
- Department of Physiology, Capital Institute of Pediatrics, 2 Yabao Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100020, China
- Graduate School of Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 9 Dongdansantiao, Dongcheng District, Beijing 100730, China
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Wang Y, Li Y, Ding H, Li D, Shen W, Zhang X. The Current State of Research on Sirtuin-Mediated Autophagy in Cardiovascular Diseases. J Cardiovasc Dev Dis 2023; 10:382. [PMID: 37754811 PMCID: PMC10531599 DOI: 10.3390/jcdd10090382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2023] [Revised: 09/01/2023] [Accepted: 09/02/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Sirtuins belong to the class III histone deacetylases and possess nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide-dependent deacetylase activity. They are involved in the regulation of multiple signaling pathways implicated in cardiovascular diseases. Autophagy is a crucial adaptive cellular response to stress stimuli. Mounting evidence suggests a strong correlation between Sirtuins and autophagy, potentially involving cross-regulation and crosstalk. Sirtuin-mediated autophagy plays a crucial regulatory role in some cardiovascular diseases, including atherosclerosis, ischemia/reperfusion injury, hypertension, heart failure, diabetic cardiomyopathy, and drug-induced myocardial damage. In this context, we summarize the research advancements pertaining to various Sirtuins involved in autophagy and the molecular mechanisms regulating autophagy. We also elucidate the biological function of Sirtuins across diverse cardiovascular diseases and further discuss the development of novel drugs that regulate Sirtuin-mediated autophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuqin Wang
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730106, China; (Y.W.)
| | - Yongnan Li
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou 730031, China;
| | - Hong Ding
- Department of Cardiology, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou 730031, China;
| | - Dan Li
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730106, China; (Y.W.)
| | - Wanxi Shen
- Qinghai Provincial People’s Hospital, Qinghai University, Xining 810007, China
| | - Xiaowei Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou 730031, China;
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Yang T, Liu H, Yang C, Mo H, Wang X, Song X, Jiang L, Deng P, Chen R, Wu P, Chen A, Yan J. Galangin Attenuates Myocardial Ischemic Reperfusion-Induced Ferroptosis by Targeting Nrf2/Gpx4 Signaling Pathway. Drug Des Devel Ther 2023; 17:2495-2511. [PMID: 37637264 PMCID: PMC10460190 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s409232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2023] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose Myocardial ischemic reperfusion injury (MIRI) is a crucial clinical problem globally. The molecular mechanisms of MIRI need to be fully explored to develop new therapeutic methods. Galangin (Gal), which is a natural flavonoid extracted from Alpinia Officinarum Hance and Propolis, possesses a wide range of pharmacological activities, but its effects on MIRI remain unclear. This study aimed to determine the pharmacological effects of Gal on MIRI. Methods C57BL/6 mice underwent reperfusion for 3 h after 45 min of ischemia, and neonatal rat cardiomyocytes (NRCs) subjected to hypoxia and reoxygenation (HR) were cultured as in vivo and in vitro models. Echocardiography and TTC-Evans Blue staining were performed to evaluate the myocardial injury. Transmission electron microscope and JC-1 staining were used to validate the mitochondrial function. Additionally, Western blot detected ferroptosis markers, including Gpx4, FTH, and xCT. Results Gal treatment alleviated cardiac myofibril damage, reduced infarction size, improved cardiac function, and prevented mitochondrial injury in mice with MIRI. Gal significantly alleviated HR-induced cell death and mitigated mitochondrial membrane potential reduction in NRCs. Furthermore, Gal significantly inhibited ferroptosis by preventing iron overload and lipid peroxidation, as well as regulating Gpx4, FTH, and xCT expression levels. Moreover, Gal up-regulated nuclear transcriptive factor Nrf2 in HR-treated NRCs. Nrf2 inhibition by Brusatol abolished the protective effect of Gal against ferroptosis. Conclusion This study revealed that Gal alleviates myocardial ischemic reperfusion-induced ferroptosis by targeting Nrf2/Gpx4 signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Yang
- Department of Cardiology, Heart Center, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Affiliated Changsha Central Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Changsha, People’s Republic of China
- Laboratory of Heart Center, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People’s Republic of China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Shock and Microcirculation, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People’s Republic of China
| | - Haiqiong Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Heart Center, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People’s Republic of China
- Laboratory of Heart Center, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People’s Republic of China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Shock and Microcirculation, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People’s Republic of China
| | - Chaobo Yang
- Department of Cardiology, Heart Center, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People’s Republic of China
- Laboratory of Heart Center, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People’s Republic of China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Shock and Microcirculation, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People’s Republic of China
| | - Huaqiang Mo
- Department of Cardiology, Heart Center, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People’s Republic of China
- Laboratory of Heart Center, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People’s Republic of China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Shock and Microcirculation, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xianbao Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Heart Center, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People’s Republic of China
- Laboratory of Heart Center, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People’s Republic of China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Shock and Microcirculation, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xudong Song
- Department of Cardiology, Heart Center, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People’s Republic of China
- Laboratory of Heart Center, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People’s Republic of China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Shock and Microcirculation, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People’s Republic of China
| | - Luping Jiang
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Affiliated Changsha Central Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Changsha, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ping Deng
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Affiliated Changsha Central Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Changsha, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ran Chen
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Affiliated Changsha Central Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Changsha, People’s Republic of China
| | - Pengcui Wu
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Affiliated Changsha Central Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Changsha, People’s Republic of China
| | - Aihua Chen
- Department of Cardiology, Heart Center, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People’s Republic of China
- Laboratory of Heart Center, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People’s Republic of China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Shock and Microcirculation, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jing Yan
- Department of Cardiology, Heart Center, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People’s Republic of China
- Laboratory of Heart Center, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People’s Republic of China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Shock and Microcirculation, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People’s Republic of China
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Naryzhnaya NV, Mukhomedzyanov AV, Sirotina M, Maslov LN, Kurbatov BK, Gorbunov AS, Kilin M, Kan A, Krylatov AV, Podoksenov YK, Logvinov SV. δ-Opioid Receptor as a Molecular Target for Increasing Cardiac Resistance to Reperfusion in Drug Development. Biomedicines 2023; 11:1887. [PMID: 37509526 PMCID: PMC10377504 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11071887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2023] [Revised: 06/24/2023] [Accepted: 06/28/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
An analysis of published data and the results of our own studies reveal that the activation of a peripheral δ2-opioid receptor (δ2-OR) increases the cardiac tolerance to reperfusion. It has been found that this δ2-OR is localized in cardiomyocytes. Endogenous opioids are not involved in the regulation of cardiac resistance to reperfusion. The infarct-limiting effect of the δ2-OR agonist deltorphin II depends on the activation of several protein kinases, including PKCδ, ERK1/2, PI3K, and PKG. Hypothetical end-effectors of the cardioprotective effect of deltorphin II are the sarcolemmal KATP channels and the MPT pore.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia V Naryzhnaya
- Cardiology Research Institute, Tomsk National Research Medical Center, Russian Academy of Science, Tomsk 634021, Russia
| | - Alexander V Mukhomedzyanov
- Cardiology Research Institute, Tomsk National Research Medical Center, Russian Academy of Science, Tomsk 634021, Russia
| | - Maria Sirotina
- Cardiology Research Institute, Tomsk National Research Medical Center, Russian Academy of Science, Tomsk 634021, Russia
| | - Leonid N Maslov
- Cardiology Research Institute, Tomsk National Research Medical Center, Russian Academy of Science, Tomsk 634021, Russia
| | - Boris K Kurbatov
- Cardiology Research Institute, Tomsk National Research Medical Center, Russian Academy of Science, Tomsk 634021, Russia
| | - Alexander S Gorbunov
- Cardiology Research Institute, Tomsk National Research Medical Center, Russian Academy of Science, Tomsk 634021, Russia
| | - Mikhail Kilin
- Cardiology Research Institute, Tomsk National Research Medical Center, Russian Academy of Science, Tomsk 634021, Russia
| | - Artur Kan
- Cardiology Research Institute, Tomsk National Research Medical Center, Russian Academy of Science, Tomsk 634021, Russia
| | - Andrey V Krylatov
- Cardiology Research Institute, Tomsk National Research Medical Center, Russian Academy of Science, Tomsk 634021, Russia
| | - Yuri K Podoksenov
- Cardiology Research Institute, Tomsk National Research Medical Center, Russian Academy of Science, Tomsk 634021, Russia
| | - Sergey V Logvinov
- Department of Histology, Embryology and Cytology, Siberian State Medical University, Tomsk 634050, Russia
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Hasan MY, Siran R, Mahadi MK. The Effects of Vagus Nerve Stimulation on Animal Models of Stroke-Induced Injury: A Systematic Review. BIOLOGY 2023; 12:biology12040555. [PMID: 37106754 PMCID: PMC10136363 DOI: 10.3390/biology12040555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Revised: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 04/08/2023]
Abstract
Ischemic stroke is one of the leading causes of death worldwide, and poses a great burden to society and the healthcare system. There have been many recent advances in the treatment of ischemic stroke, which usually results from the interruption of blood flow to a particular part of the brain. Current treatments for ischemic stroke mainly focus on revascularization or reperfusion of cerebral blood flow to the infarcted tissue. Nevertheless, reperfusion injury may exacerbate ischemic injury in patients with stroke. In recent decades, vagus nerve stimulation (VNS) has emerged as an optimistic therapeutic intervention. Accumulating evidence has demonstrated that VNS is a promising treatment for ischemic stroke in various rat models through improved neural function, cognition, and neuronal deficit scores. We thoroughly examined previous evidence from stroke-induced animal studies using VNS as an intervention until June 2022. We concluded that VNS yields stroke treatment potential by improving neurological deficit score, infarct volume, forelimb strength, inflammation, apoptosis, and angiogenesis. This review also discusses potential molecular mechanisms underlying VNS-mediated neuroprotection. This review could help researchers conduct additional translational research on patients with stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Yusuf Hasan
- Centre for Drug Herbal and Development, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Raja Muda Abdul Aziz, Kuala Lumpur 50300, Malaysia
| | - Rosfaiizah Siran
- Neuroscience Research Group (NRG), Faculty of Medicine, Jalan Hospital, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Sungai Buloh Campus, Sungai Buloh 47000, Malaysia
| | - Mohd Kaisan Mahadi
- Centre for Drug Herbal and Development, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Raja Muda Abdul Aziz, Kuala Lumpur 50300, Malaysia
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Wang X, Ren L, Chen S, Tao Y, Zhao D, Wu C. Long non-coding RNA MIR4435-2HG/microRNA-125a-5p axis is involved in myocardial ischemic injuries. Bioengineered 2022; 13:10707-10720. [PMID: 35475469 PMCID: PMC9208505 DOI: 10.1080/21655979.2022.2051259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate whether and how long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) MIR4435-2 host gene (MIR4435-2HG) involved in acute myocardial ischemia/reperfusion (I/R). Blood samples were collected from acute myocardial infarction (AMI) patients to detect MIR4435-2HG expression. In vivo myocardial I/R mice model and in vitro H2O2-induced oxidative stress model were established. Echocardiography, TUNEL assay and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) detection were performed to assess heart infarction and myocardium apoptosis. Relationship among microRNA-125a-5p (miR-125a-5p), MIR4435-2HG and Mitochondrial fission protein 1 (MTFP1) was predicted by Targetscan and verified by luciferase reporter assay. MIR4435-2HG was notably upregulated in AMI patients, myocardial I/R mice and H2O2-treated cells. Knockdown of MIR4435-2HG notably alleviated infraction volume, ejection fraction (EF) and fractional shortening (FS) levels, cell apoptosis portion and pro-apoptotic cleaved-caspase-3 and Cyt c expression caused by myocardial I/R and oxidative stress, as well as improved cardiomyocytes viability. Transfection with miR-125a-5p alleviated MIR4435-2HG-caused cardiomyocytes apoptosis during oxidative stress. MiR-125a-5p overexpression decreased luciferase activity of the wild-type MIR4435-2HG compared with the mutated MIR4435-2HG. The expression levels of MTFP1 were elevated in myocardium from MI mice model and H2O2-treated AC16 cardiomyocytes. In addition, miR-125a-5p overexpression inhibited MTFP1 expression, and could stimulate the wild-type MTFP1 promoter luciferase activity but not the mutated one. Our findings revealed the role of MIR4435-2HG in MI-induced myocardium injury and cardiomyocytes apoptosis, disclosed a novel MIR4435-2HG/miR-125a-5p regulatory axis during myocardial I/R, and thus identified a potential target for the therapy of myocardial IR injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiuling Wang
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang110001, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Lina Ren
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang110001, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Shuai Chen
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang110001, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Yanli Tao
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang110001, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Dandan Zhao
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang110001, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Chunwei Wu
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang110001, Liaoning Province, China
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Ou D, Ni D, Li R, Jiang X, Chen X, Li H. Galectin‑1 alleviates myocardial ischemia‑reperfusion injury by reducing the inflammation and apoptosis of cardiomyocytes. Exp Ther Med 2021; 23:143. [PMID: 35069824 PMCID: PMC8756402 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2021.11066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2020] [Accepted: 09/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Dengke Ou
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Chengdu Fifth People's Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, P.R. China
| | - Dan Ni
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Chengdu Fifth People's Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, P.R. China
| | - Rong Li
- Department of Interventional Therapy, Chengdu Fifth People's Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, P.R. China
| | - Xiaobo Jiang
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Chengdu Fifth People's Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoxiao Chen
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Chengdu Fifth People's Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, P.R. China
| | - Hongfei Li
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Chengdu Fifth People's Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, P.R. China
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Pharmacology of Catechins in Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury of the Heart. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10091390. [PMID: 34573022 PMCID: PMC8465198 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10091390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Revised: 08/25/2021] [Accepted: 08/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Catechins represent a group of polyphenols that possesses various beneficial effects in the cardiovascular system, including protective effects in cardiac ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury, a major pathophysiology associated with ischemic heart disease, myocardial infarction, as well as with cardioplegic arrest during heart surgery. In particular, catechin, (−)-epicatechin, and epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) have been reported to prevent cardiac myocytes from I/R-induced cell damage and I/R-associated molecular changes, finally, resulting in improved cell viability, reduced infarct size, and improved recovery of cardiac function after ischemic insult, which has been widely documented in experimental animal studies and cardiac-derived cell lines. Cardioprotective effects of catechins in I/R injury were mediated via multiple molecular mechanisms, including inhibition of apoptosis; activation of cardioprotective pathways, such as PI3K/Akt (RISK) pathway; and inhibition of stress-associated pathways, including JNK/p38-MAPK; preserving mitochondrial function; and/or modulating autophagy. Moreover, regulatory roles of several microRNAs, including miR-145, miR-384-5p, miR-30a, miR-92a, as well as lncRNA MIAT, were documented in effects of catechins in cardiac I/R. On the other hand, the majority of results come from cell-based experiments and healthy small animals, while studies in large animals and studies including comorbidities or co-medications are rare. Human studies are lacking completely. The dosages of compounds also vary in a broad scale, thus, pharmacological aspects of catechins usage in cardiac I/R are inconclusive so far. Therefore, the aim of this focused review is to summarize the most recent knowledge on the effects of catechins in cardiac I/R injury and bring deep insight into the molecular mechanisms involved and dosage-dependency of these effects, as well as to outline potential gaps for translation of catechin-based treatments into clinical practice.
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Wu X, Iroegbu CD, Peng J, Guo J, Yang J, Fan C. Cell Death and Exosomes Regulation After Myocardial Infarction and Ischemia-Reperfusion. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:673677. [PMID: 34179002 PMCID: PMC8220218 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.673677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2021] [Accepted: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of death in the global population, accounting for about one-third of all deaths each year. Notably, with CVDs, myocardial damages result from myocardial infarction (MI) or cardiac arrhythmias caused by interrupted blood flow. Significantly, in the process of MI or myocardial ischemic-reperfusion (I/R) injury, both regulated and non-regulated cell death methods are involved. The critical factor for patients’ prognosis is the infarct area’s size, which determines the myocardial cells’ survival. Cell therapy for MI has been a research hotspot in recent years; however, exosomes secreted by cells have attracted much attention following shortcomings concerning immunogens. Exosomes are extracellular vesicles containing several biologically active substances such as lipids, nucleic acids, and proteins. New evidence suggests that exosomes play a crucial role in regulating cell death after MI as exosomes of various stem cells can participate in the cell damage process after MI. Hence, in the review herein, we focused on introducing various cell-derived exosomes to reduce cell death after MI by regulating the cell death pathway to understand myocardial repair mechanisms better and provide a reference for clinical treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xun Wu
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Chukwuemeka Daniel Iroegbu
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Jun Peng
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Changsha, China
| | - Jianjun Guo
- Hunan Fangsheng Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Changsha, China
| | - Jinfu Yang
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Chengming Fan
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Changsha, China.,Hunan Fangsheng Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Changsha, China
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11
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Zhao L, Jiang S, Wu N, Shi E, Yang L, Li Q. MiR-17-5p-mediated endoplasmic reticulum stress promotes acute myocardial ischemia injury through targeting Tsg101. Cell Stress Chaperones 2021; 26:77-90. [PMID: 32895884 PMCID: PMC7736418 DOI: 10.1007/s12192-020-01157-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2020] [Revised: 08/18/2020] [Accepted: 08/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases are the leading cause of death globally, among which acute myocardial infarction (AMI) frequently occurs in the heart and proceeds from myocardium ischemia and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress-induced cell death. Numerous studies on miRNAs indicated their potential as diagnostic biomarkers and treatment targets for heart diseases. Our study investigated the role of miR-17-5p and its regulatory mechanisms during AMI. Echocardiography, MTT, flow cytometry assay, evaluation of caspase-3 and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity were conducted to assess cell viability, apoptosis in an MI/R mice model, and an H2O2-induced H9c2 hypoxia cell model, respectively. The expression levels of ER stress response-related biomarkers were detected using qRT-PCR, IHC, and western blotting assays. The binding site of miR-17-5p on Tsg101 mRNA was determined by bioinformatic prediction and luciferase reporter assay. The expression levels of miR-17-5p were notably elevated in MI/R mice and hypoxia cell models, accompanied by enhanced cell apoptosis. Inhibition of miR-17-5p led to decreased apoptosis related to ER stress response in the hypoxia model, which could be counteracted by knockdown of Tsg101 (tumor susceptibility gene 101). Transfection with miR-17-5p mimics downregulated the expression of Tsg101 in H9c2 cells. Luciferase assay demonstrated the binding between miR-17-5p and Tsg101. Moreover, 4-PBA, the inhibitor of the ER stress response, abolished shTsg101 elevated apoptosis in hypoxic H9c2 cells. Our findings investigated the pro-apoptotic role of miR-17-5p during MI/R, disclosed the specific mechanism of miR-17-5p/Tsg101 regulatory axis in ER stress-induced myocardium injury and cardiomyocytes apoptosis, and presented a promising diagnostic biomarker and potential target for therapy of AMI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linlin Zhao
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, The People's Hospital of Liaoning Province, No.33 Wenyi Road, Shenhe District, Shenyang, 110016, Liaoning, People's Republic of China
| | - Shan Jiang
- Department of Respiration, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110000, Liaoning, People's Republic of China
| | - Naishi Wu
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150001, Heilongjiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Enyi Shi
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110001, Liaoning, People's Republic of China
| | - Lin Yang
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The People's Hospital of Liaoning Province, Shenyang, 110016, Liaoning, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiang Li
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, The People's Hospital of Liaoning Province, No.33 Wenyi Road, Shenhe District, Shenyang, 110016, Liaoning, People's Republic of China.
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12
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Davidson SM, Adameová A, Barile L, Cabrera-Fuentes HA, Lazou A, Pagliaro P, Stensløkken KO, Garcia-Dorado D. Mitochondrial and mitochondrial-independent pathways of myocardial cell death during ischaemia and reperfusion injury. J Cell Mol Med 2020; 24:3795-3806. [PMID: 32155321 PMCID: PMC7171390 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.15127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2019] [Revised: 01/08/2020] [Accepted: 01/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute myocardial infarction causes lethal injury to cardiomyocytes during both ischaemia and reperfusion (IR). It is important to define the precise mechanisms by which they die in order to develop strategies to protect the heart from IR injury. Necrosis is known to play a major role in myocardial IR injury. There is also evidence for significant myocardial death by other pathways such as apoptosis, although this has been challenged. Mitochondria play a central role in both of these pathways of cell death, as either a causal mechanism is the case of mitochondrial permeability transition leading to necrosis, or as part of the signalling pathway in mitochondrial cytochrome c release and apoptosis. Autophagy may impact this process by removing dysfunctional proteins or even entire mitochondria through a process called mitophagy. More recently, roles for other programmed mechanisms of cell death such as necroptosis and pyroptosis have been described, and inhibitors of these pathways have been shown to be cardioprotective. In this review, we discuss both mitochondrial and mitochondrial‐independent pathways of the major modes of cell death, their role in IR injury and their potential to be targeted as part of a cardioprotective strategy. This article is part of a special Issue entitled ‘Mitochondria as targets of acute cardioprotection’ and emerged as part of the discussions of the European Union (EU)‐CARDIOPROTECTION Cooperation in Science and Technology (COST) Action, CA16225.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sean M Davidson
- The Hatter Cardiovascular Institute, University College London, London, UK
| | - Adriana Adameová
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Comenius University Bratislava, Bratislava, Slovakia.,Centre of Experimental Medicine SAS, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Lucio Barile
- Laboratory for Cardiovascular Theranostics, Cardiocentro Ticino Foundation and Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Università Svizzera Italiana, Lugano, Switzerland
| | - Hector Alejandro Cabrera-Fuentes
- SingHealth Duke-NUS Cardiovascular Sciences Academic Clinical Programme and Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders Program, Duke-National University of Singapore Medical School, Singapore, Singapore.,National Heart Research Institute Singapore, National Heart Centre Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.,Tecnologico de Monterrey, Centro de Biotecnologia-FEMSA, Monterrey, Nuevo Leon, México.,Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan (Volga Region) Federal University, Kazan, Russia.,Institute of Physiology, Medical School, Justus-Liebig-University, Giessen, Germany
| | - Antigone Lazou
- School of Biology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Pasquale Pagliaro
- Department of Biological and Clinical Sciences, University of Turin, Torino, Italy.,National Institute for Cardiovascular Research, Bologna, Italy
| | - Kåre-Olav Stensløkken
- Section of Physiology, Department of Molecular Medicine, Institute for Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - David Garcia-Dorado
- IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz University Hospital, Madrid, Spain.,Department of Cardiology, Vascular Biology and Metabolism Area, Vall d'Hebron University Hospital and Research Institute (VHIR), Barcelona, Spain.,Universitat Autónoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
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13
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Tong Y, Elkin KB, Peng C, Shen J, Li F, Guan L, Ji Y, Wei W, Geng X, Ding Y. Reduced Apoptotic Injury by Phenothiazine in Ischemic Stroke through the NOX-Akt/PKC Pathway. Brain Sci 2019; 9:brainsci9120378. [PMID: 31847503 PMCID: PMC6955743 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci9120378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2019] [Revised: 12/12/2019] [Accepted: 12/12/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Phenothiazine treatment has been shown to reduce post-stroke ischemic injury, though the underlying mechanism remains unclear. This study sought to confirm the neuroprotective effects of phenothiazines and to explore the role of the NOX (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase)/Akt/PKC (protein kinase C) pathway in cerebral apoptosis. Sprague-Dawley rats underwent middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) for 2 h and were randomly divided into 3 different cohorts: (1) saline, (2) 8 mg/kg chlorpromazine and promethazine (C+P), and (3) 8 mg/kg C+P as well as apocynin (NOX inhibitor). Brain infarct volumes were examined, and cell death/NOX activity was determined by assays. Western blotting was used to assess protein expression of kinase C-δ (PKC-δ), phosphorylated Akt (p-Akt), Bax, Bcl-XL, and uncleaved/cleaved caspase-3. Both C+P and C+P/NOX inhibitor administration yielded a significant reduction in infarct volumes and cell death, while the C+P/NOX inhibitor did not confer further reduction. In both treatment groups, anti-apoptotic Bcl-XL protein expression generally increased, while pro-apoptotic Bax and caspase-3 proteins generally decreased. PKC protein expression was decreased in both treatment groups, demonstrating a further decrease by C+P/NOX inhibitor at 6 and 24 h of reperfusion. The present study confirms C+P-mediated neuroprotection and suggests that the NOX/Akt/PKC pathway is a potential target for efficacious therapy following ischemic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanna Tong
- Luhe Institute of Neuroscience, Capital Medical University, Beijing 101100, China; (Y.T.); (J.S.); (F.L.); (L.G.)
- Department of Neurology, Luhe Clinical Institute, Capital Medical University, Beijing 101100, China
| | - Kenneth B. Elkin
- Department of Neurosurgery, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI 48201, USA; (K.B.E.); (C.P.); (Y.D.)
| | - Changya Peng
- Department of Neurosurgery, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI 48201, USA; (K.B.E.); (C.P.); (Y.D.)
- Department of Research & Development Center, John D. Dingell VA Medical Center, Detroit, MI 4820, USA; (Y.J.); (W.W.)
| | - Jiamei Shen
- Luhe Institute of Neuroscience, Capital Medical University, Beijing 101100, China; (Y.T.); (J.S.); (F.L.); (L.G.)
| | - Fengwu Li
- Luhe Institute of Neuroscience, Capital Medical University, Beijing 101100, China; (Y.T.); (J.S.); (F.L.); (L.G.)
| | - Longfei Guan
- Luhe Institute of Neuroscience, Capital Medical University, Beijing 101100, China; (Y.T.); (J.S.); (F.L.); (L.G.)
- Department of Neurosurgery, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI 48201, USA; (K.B.E.); (C.P.); (Y.D.)
- Department of Research & Development Center, John D. Dingell VA Medical Center, Detroit, MI 4820, USA; (Y.J.); (W.W.)
| | - Yu Ji
- Department of Research & Development Center, John D. Dingell VA Medical Center, Detroit, MI 4820, USA; (Y.J.); (W.W.)
- Department of General Surgery, Luhe Clinical Institute, Capital Medical University, Beijing 101100, China
| | - Wenjing Wei
- Department of Research & Development Center, John D. Dingell VA Medical Center, Detroit, MI 4820, USA; (Y.J.); (W.W.)
- China-America Institute of Neuroscience, Xuanwu Clinical Institute, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100053, China
| | - Xiaokun Geng
- Luhe Institute of Neuroscience, Capital Medical University, Beijing 101100, China; (Y.T.); (J.S.); (F.L.); (L.G.)
- Department of Neurology, Luhe Clinical Institute, Capital Medical University, Beijing 101100, China
- Department of Neurosurgery, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI 48201, USA; (K.B.E.); (C.P.); (Y.D.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-183-1105-5270
| | - Yuchuan Ding
- Department of Neurosurgery, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI 48201, USA; (K.B.E.); (C.P.); (Y.D.)
- Department of Research & Development Center, John D. Dingell VA Medical Center, Detroit, MI 4820, USA; (Y.J.); (W.W.)
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14
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MicroRNA-30-3p Suppresses Inflammatory Factor-Induced Endothelial Cell Injury by Targeting TCF21. Mediators Inflamm 2019; 2019:1342190. [PMID: 31354385 PMCID: PMC6636441 DOI: 10.1155/2019/1342190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2018] [Revised: 03/08/2019] [Accepted: 04/15/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is one of the leading causes of mortality worldwide. Growing evidence suggested that miRNAs contributed to the progression of atherosclerosis. miR-30-5p was found involved in various diseases. However, the role of miR-30-5p in regulation of atherosclerosis is not known. Here, we aim to investigate the effects of miR-30-5p on regulating the progression of atherosclerosis. The expression levels of miR-30-5p in serum collected from atherosclerosis patients and normal healthy people were analyzed by qRT-PCR. Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway bioinformatics were carried out to reveal the possible signaling pathways involved in the mode of action of miR-30-5p. A potential target gene of miRNA-30-5p was searched and examined by a luciferase reporter assay. ELISA, Western blot, proliferation, and flow cytometry assays were performed to assess the biological functional role of miR-30-5p in vitro. Also, an in vitro monocyte-endothelial cell coculture model was used to study the functional role of miR-30-5p in atherosclerosis. We found that miR-30-5p was significantly decreased in serum samples from atherosclerosis patients compared with control subjects. GO and KEGG analysis results showed that miR-30-5p is highly associated with genetic profile of cardiovascular disease. TCF21 was verified as a target gene of miR-30-5p. Overexpression of miR-30-5p in THP-1 not only protected endothelial cell viability but also inhibited endothelial cell apoptosis, and similar results were observed in cells with that of TCF21 knocked down. Moreover, miR-30-5p decreased the expression levels of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and reduced reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation. NF-κB and MAPK/p38 pathways played an indispensable role in the protection ability of miR-30-5p against atherosclerosis. Our results reveal that miR-30-5p suppresses the progression of atherosclerosis through targeting TCF21 in vitro. Therefore, the miR-30-5p-TCF21-MAPK/p38 signaling pathway may be a potential biomarker or therapeutic target in atherosclerosis.
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15
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Wang X, Lu L, Tan Y, Jiang L, Zhao M, Gao E, Yu S, Liu J. GPR 30 reduces myocardial infarct area and fibrosis in female ovariectomized mice by activating the PI3K/AKT pathway. Life Sci 2019; 226:22-32. [PMID: 30905784 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2019.03.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2018] [Revised: 03/14/2019] [Accepted: 03/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Estrogen plays an important role in cardioprotection. Animal experiments showed that the G-protein coupled estrogen receptor 30 (GPR30) specific agonist G1 could reduce post-ischemic dysfunction and inhibit cardiac fibroblast proliferation. However, the underlying mechanism of action is not clear. The current study tests the hypothesis that GPR30 reduces myocardial infarct area and fibrosis in female ovariectomized (OVX) mice by activating the PI3K/AKT pathway. MAIN METHODS In this study, we established a myocardial infarction (MI) animal model derived from OVX C57BL/6 female mice, and investigated the effect of G1 on cardiac function by echocardiography and Hemodynamics, morphology and expression of fibrosis-related and apoptosis-related proteins by Masson's trichrome and H&E, Immunofluorescence, Western blotting and TUNEL. KEY FINDINGS Combination with OVX significantly increased myocardial fibrosis and MI area compared to MI treatment alone, as determined by echocardiography and hemodynamics. Further addition of G1 changed the expression of apoptosis-related proteins, decreased the levels of tumor necrosis factor-α and interleukin-10, and reduced the degree of myocardial fibrosis and myocardial infarct area. Primary cultured cardiac fibroblasts (CFs) were subjected to hypoxia/serum deprivation (H/SD) simulating the in vivo ischemia model. When the PI3K/AKT pathway was inhibited by wortmanin in H/SD CFs, G1 failed to induce significant changes in the expression of apoptosis-related proteins. SIGNIFICANCE It suggested that GPR30 may improve cardiac function in female OVX mice by activating the PI3K/AKT pathway and reducing myocardial infarct size and fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaowu Wang
- Cardiovascular Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, PR China
| | - Linhe Lu
- Cardiovascular Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, PR China
| | - Yanzhen Tan
- Cardiovascular Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, PR China
| | - Liqing Jiang
- Cardiovascular Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, PR China
| | - Minggao Zhao
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, PR China
| | - Erhe Gao
- Center for Translational Medicine, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
| | - Shiqiang Yu
- Cardiovascular Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, PR China
| | - Jincheng Liu
- Cardiovascular Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, PR China.
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16
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Saeid F, Aniseh J, Reza B, Manouchehr VS. Signaling mediators modulated by cardioprotective interventions in healthy and diabetic myocardium with ischaemia-reperfusion injury. Eur J Prev Cardiol 2018; 25:1463-1481. [PMID: 29442529 DOI: 10.1177/2047487318756420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Ischaemic heart diseases are one of the major causes of death in the world. In most patients, ischaemic heart disease is coincident with other risk factors such as diabetes. Patients with diabetes are more prone to cardiac ischaemic dysfunctions including ischaemia-reperfusion injury. Ischaemic preconditioning, postconditioning and remote conditionings are reliable interventions to protect the myocardium against ischaemia-reperfusion injuries through activating various signaling pathways and intracellular mediators. Diabetes can disrupt the intracellular signaling cascades involved in these myocardial protections, and studies have revealed that cardioprotective effects of the conditioning interventions are diminished in the diabetic condition. The complex pathophysiology and poor prognosis of ischaemic heart disease among people with diabetes necessitate the investigation of the interaction of diabetes with ischaemia-reperfusion injury and cardioprotective mechanisms. Reducing the outcomes of ischaemia-reperfusion injury using targeted strategies would be particularly helpful in this population. In this study, we review the protective interventional signaling pathways and mediators which are activated by ischaemic conditioning strategies in healthy and diabetic myocardium with ischaemia-reperfusion injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feyzizadeh Saeid
- 1 Drug Applied Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,2 Cardiovascular Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,3 Department of Biochemistry and Clinical Laboratories, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Javadi Aniseh
- 4 Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Badalzadeh Reza
- 1 Drug Applied Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,5 Molecular Medicine Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Vafaee S Manouchehr
- 6 Department of Nuclear Medicine, Odense University Hospital, Odense-Denmark.,7 Institute of Clinical Research, Department of Psychiatry, University of Southern Denmark, Odense-Denmark.,8 Neuroscience Research Centre, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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17
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Li Y, Zhang Y, Wen M, Zhang J, Zhao X, Zhao Y, Deng J. Ginkgo biloba extract prevents acute myocardial infarction and suppresses the inflammation- and apoptosis-regulating p38 mitogen-activated protein kinases, nuclear factor-κB and B-cell lymphoma 2 signaling pathways. Mol Med Rep 2017; 16:3657-3663. [DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2017.6999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2016] [Accepted: 04/19/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
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18
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Effects of Renal Ischemic Postconditioning on Myocardial Ultrastructural Organization and Myocardial Expression of Bcl-2/Bax in Rabbits. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2017; 2016:9349437. [PMID: 28097153 PMCID: PMC5206426 DOI: 10.1155/2016/9349437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2016] [Revised: 11/10/2016] [Accepted: 11/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
We investigated the cardioprotective effect of renal ischemic postconditioning (RI-PostC) and its mechanisms in a rabbit model. Rabbits underwent 60 min of left anterior descending coronary artery occlusion (LADO) and 6 h of reperfusion. The ischemia-reperfusion (IR) group underwent LADO and reperfusion only. In the RI-PostC group, the left renal artery underwent 3 cycles of occlusion for 30 seconds and release for 30 seconds, before the coronary artery was reperfused. In the RI-PostC + GF109203X group, the rabbits received 0.05 mg/kg GF109203X (protein kinase C inhibitor) intravenously for 10 min followed by RI-PostC. Light microscopy and electron microscopy demonstrated that the RI-PostC group showed less pronounced changes, a smaller infarct region, and less apoptosis than the other two groups. Bcl-2 and Bax protein expression did not differ between the IR and RI-PostC + GF109203X groups. However, in the RI-PostC group, Bcl-2 protein expression was significantly higher and Bax protein expression was significantly lower than in the other two groups (P < 0.05). Changes in heart rate and mean arterial pressure were also smaller in the RI-PostC group than in the other two groups. These results indicate that RI-PostC can ameliorate myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury and increase the Bcl-2/Bax ratio through a mechanism involving protein kinase C.
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19
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Zhang L, Ma J, Jin X, Jia G, Jiang Y, Li C. L-PGDS Mediates Vagus Nerve Stimulation-Induced Neuroprotection in a Rat Model of Ischemic Stroke by Suppressing the Apoptotic Response. Neurochem Res 2016; 42:644-655. [PMID: 27900597 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-016-2121-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2016] [Revised: 10/25/2016] [Accepted: 11/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The role of lipocalin prostaglandin D2 synthase (L-PGDS) in brain ischemia has not been fully clarified to date. Vagus nerve stimulation (VNS) protects against cerebral ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury, but the mechanisms involved need further exploration. This study investigated the role of L-PGDS in cerebral I/R and whether this process was involved in the mechanism of VNS-mediated neuroprotection. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were pretreated with a lentiviral vector (LV) through intracerebroventricular injection, followed by middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) and VNS treatment. The expression of L-PGDS in the peri-infarct cortex was examined. The localization of L-PGDS was determined using double immunofluorescence staining. Neurologic scores, infarct volume and neuronal apoptosis were evaluated at 24 h after reperfusion. The expression of apoptosis-related molecules was measured by western blot analysis. The expression of L-PGDS in the peri-infarct cortex increased at 12 h, reached a peak at 24 h after reperfusion, and lasted up to 3 days. VNS treatment further enhanced the expression of L-PGDS following ischemic stroke. L-PGDS was mainly expressed in neurons in the peri-infarct cortex. I/R rats treated with VNS showed better neurological deficit scores, reduced infarct volume, and decreased neuronal apoptosis as indicated by the decreased levels of Bax and cleaved caspase-3 as well as increased levels of Bcl-2. Strikingly, the beneficial effects of VNS were weakened after L-PGDS down-regulation. In general, our results suggest that L-PGDS is a potential mediator of VNS-induced neuroprotection against I/R injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lina Zhang
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, #76 Linjiang Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, 400010, China
| | - Jingxi Ma
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, #76 Linjiang Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, 400010, China
| | - Xinhao Jin
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, #76 Linjiang Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, 400010, China
| | - Gongwei Jia
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, #76 Linjiang Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, 400010, China
| | - Ying Jiang
- Department of Neurology, Center for Neurodegenerative Disease, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, #6 Tian Tan Xi Li Street, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Changqing Li
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, #76 Linjiang Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, 400010, China.
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20
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Li F, Shi W, Zhao EY, Geng X, Li X, Peng C, Shen J, Wang S, Ding Y. Enhanced apoptosis from early physical exercise rehabilitation following ischemic stroke. J Neurosci Res 2016; 95:1017-1024. [PMID: 27571707 DOI: 10.1002/jnr.23890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2016] [Revised: 06/30/2016] [Accepted: 07/26/2016] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
The effectiveness of the rehabilitative benefits of physical exercise appears to be contingent upon when the exercise is initiated after stroke. The present study assessed the hypothesis that very early exercise increases the extent of apoptotic cell death via increased expression of proapoptotic proteins in a rat stroke model. Adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were subjected to middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) for 2 hr using an intraluminal filament and assigned to four nonexercise and three exercise groups. Exercise on a Rota-Rod was initiated for 30 min at 6 hr (considered very early), at 24 hr (early), and at 3 days (relatively late) after reperfusion. At 24 hr after exercise, apoptotic cell death was determined. At 3 and 24 hr after exercise, the expression of pro- and antiapoptotic proteins was evaluated through Western blotting. As expected, ischemic stroke significantly increased the levels of apoptotic cell death. Compared with the stroke group without exercise, apoptotic cell death was further increased (P < 0.05) at 6 hr but not at 24 hr or 3 days with exercise. This exacerbated cell injury was associated with increased expression of proapoptotic proteins (BAX and caspase-3). The expression of Bcl-2, an antiapoptotic protein, was not affected by exercise. In ischemic stroke, apoptotic cell death was enhanced by very early exercise in association with increased expression of proapoptotic proteins. These results shed light on the time-sensitive effect of exercise in poststroke rehabilitation. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengwu Li
- China-America Institute of Neuroscience, Department of Neurology, Beijing Luhe Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Shi
- Department of General Surgery, Luhe Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Ethan Y Zhao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan
| | - Xiaokun Geng
- China-America Institute of Neuroscience, Department of Neurology, Beijing Luhe Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Department of Neurosurgery, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan.,Department of Neurology, Luhe Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaorong Li
- China-America Institute of Neuroscience, Department of Neurology, Beijing Luhe Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Changya Peng
- Department of Neurosurgery, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan
| | - Jiamei Shen
- China-America Institute of Neuroscience, Department of Neurology, Beijing Luhe Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Department of Neurosurgery, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan
| | - Sainan Wang
- China-America Institute of Neuroscience, Department of Neurology, Beijing Luhe Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yuchuan Ding
- China-America Institute of Neuroscience, Department of Neurology, Beijing Luhe Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Department of Neurosurgery, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan
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21
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Brief left ventricular pressure overload reduces myocardial apoptosis. J Surg Res 2015; 194:34-42. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jss.2014.10.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2014] [Revised: 10/05/2014] [Accepted: 10/23/2014] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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22
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Liu B, Zhang YH, Jiang Y, Li LL, Chen Q, He GQ, Tan XD, Li CQ. Gadd45b is a novel mediator of neuronal apoptosis in ischemic stroke. Int J Biol Sci 2015; 11:353-60. [PMID: 25678854 PMCID: PMC4323375 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.9813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2014] [Accepted: 01/12/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Apoptosis plays an essential role in ischemic stroke pathogenesis. Research on the process of neuronal apoptosis in models of ischemic brain injury seems promising. The role of growth arrest and DNA-damage-inducible protein 45 beta (Gadd45b) in brain ischemia has not been fully examined to date. This study aims to investigate the function of Gadd45b in ischemia-induced apoptosis. Adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were subjected to brain ischemia by middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO). RNA interference (RNAi) system, which is mediated by a lentiviral vector (LV), was stereotaxically injected into the ipsilateral lateral ventricle to knockdown Gadd45b expression. Neurologic scores and infarct volumes were assessed 24 h after reperfusion. Apoptosis-related molecules were studied using immunohistochemistry and Western blot analysis. We found that Gadd45b-RNAi significantly increased infarct volumes and worsened the outcome of transient focal cerebral ischemia. Gadd45b-RNAi also significantly increased neuronal apoptosis as indicated by increased levels of Bax and active caspase-3, and decreased levels of Bcl-2. These results indicate that Gadd45b is a beneficial mediator of neuronal apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Chang-qing Li
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
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Zhao B, Gao W, Hou J, Wu Y, Xia Z. Ischemic postconditioning enhances glycogen synthase kinase-3β expression and alleviates cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury. Neural Regen Res 2015; 7:1507-12. [PMID: 25657687 PMCID: PMC4308783 DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-5374.2012.19.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2011] [Accepted: 05/07/2012] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study established global brain ischemia using the four-vessel occlusion method. Following three rounds of reperfusion for 30 seconds, and occlusion for 10 seconds, followed by reperfusion for 48 hours, infarct area, the number of TUNEL-positive cells and Bcl-2 expression were significantly reduced. However, glycogen synthase kinase-3β activity, cortical Bax and caspase-3 expression significantly increased, similar to results following ischemic postconditioning. Our results indicated that ischemic postconditioning may enhance glycogen synthase kinase-3β activity, a downstream molecule of the phosphatase and tensin homolog deleted on chromosome 10/phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/protein kinase B signaling pathway, which reduces caspase-3 expression to protect the brain against ischemic injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Zhao
- Department of Anesthesiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, Hubei Province, China
| | - Wenwei Gao
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, Hubei Province, China
| | - Jiabao Hou
- Department of Anesthesiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, Hubei Province, China
| | - Yang Wu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, Hubei Province, China
| | - Zhongyuan Xia
- Department of Anesthesiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, Hubei Province, China
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24
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Geng X, Parmar S, Li X, Peng C, Ji X, Chakraborty T, Li WA, Du H, Tan X, Ling F, Guthikonda M, Rafols JA, Ding Y. Reduced apoptosis by combining normobaric oxygenation with ethanol in transient ischemic stroke. Brain Res 2013; 1531:17-24. [PMID: 23920008 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2013.07.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2013] [Revised: 07/22/2013] [Accepted: 07/29/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE The effect of normobaric oxygen (NBO) on apoptosis remains controversial. The present study evaluated the effect of NBO on ischemia-induced apoptosis and assessed the potential for improved outcomes by combining NBO administration with another neuroprotective agent, ethanol, in a rat stroke model. METHODS Rats were subjected to right middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) for 2h. At the onset of reperfusion, ischemic animals received either NBO (2h duration), an intraperitoneal injection of ethanol (1.0g/kg), or both NBO and ethanol. Extent of brain injury was determined by infarct volume, neurological deficit, and apoptotic cell death. Expression of pro- and anti-apoptotic proteins was evaluated through Western immunoblotting. RESULTS Given alone, NBO and ethanol each slightly (p<0.05) reduced infarct volume to 38% and 37%, respectively, as compared to the impressive reduction of 51% (p<0.01) seen with combined NBO-ethanol administration. Neurologic deficits were also significantly reduced by 48% with combined NBO-ethanol therapy, as compared to lesser reductions of 24% and 23% with NBO or ethanol, respectively. Combined NBO-ethanol therapy decreased apoptotic cell death by 49%, as compared to 31% with NBO and 30% with ethanol. Similarly, combination therapy significantly increased expression of anti-apoptotic factors (Bcl-2 and Bcl-xL) and significantly reduced expression of pro-apoptotic proteins (BAX, Caspase-3, and AIF), as compared to the minimal or nil protein expression changes elicited by NBO or ethanol alone. CONCLUSIONS In rats subjected to ischemic stroke, NBO administration salvages ischemic brain tissue through evidenced decrease in apoptotic cell death. Combined NBO therapy with ethanol administration greatly improves both degree of neuroprotection and associated apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaokun Geng
- China-America Institute of Neuroscience, Luhe Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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25
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Barlaka E, Ledvényiová V, Galatou E, Ferko M, Čarnická S, Ravingerová T, Lazou A. Delayed cardioprotective effects of WY-14643 are associated with inhibition of MMP-2 and modulation of Bcl-2 family proteins through PPAR-α activation in rat hearts subjected to global ischaemia–reperfusion. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 2013; 91:608-16. [DOI: 10.1139/cjpp-2012-0412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) are ligand-activated transcription factors regulating cardiac lipid metabolism and energy homeostasis. Although the activation of PPARs has been implicated in cardioprotection, the molecular mechanisms are largely unexplored. In this study, we aimed to investigate the effect of the PPAR-α agonist WY-14643 (WY), mimicking a delayed effect of preconditioning in rat hearts exposed to acute ischaemia–reperfusion (I/R) 24 h later, and to define whether antioxidative and antiapoptotic mechanisms are involved. Treatment with WY markedly attenuated post-ischaemic contractile dysfunction (as evidenced by the reduced infarct size), the higher left ventricular developed pressure (LVDP) recovery, and the decreased occurrence of arrhythmias. These effects were abolished in the presence of the PPAR-α antagonist MK886. Heme oxygenase-1, a key antioxidative enzyme implicated in cytoprotection, was upregulated in response to WY at baseline, but was markedly reduced after I/R, indicating reduced oxidative stress. WY treatment was also associated with decreased mRNA levels and enzymatic activity of matrix metalloproteinase-2, and increased ratios of Bcl-2:Bax proteins. These results indicate that PPAR-α activation by its selective ligand WY may confer delayed preconditioning-like protection in rat hearts subjected to I/R by modulating oxidative stress, activation of matrix metalloproteinase-2, and expression of Bcl-2 and Bax.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleftheria Barlaka
- School of Biology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki 54124, Greece
| | - Veronika Ledvényiová
- Institute for Heart Research, Slovak Academy of Sciences and Centre of Excellence of SAS NOREG, Bratislava, Slovak Republic
| | - Eleftheria Galatou
- School of Biology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki 54124, Greece
| | - Miroslav Ferko
- Institute for Heart Research, Slovak Academy of Sciences and Centre of Excellence of SAS NOREG, Bratislava, Slovak Republic
| | - Slávka Čarnická
- Institute for Heart Research, Slovak Academy of Sciences and Centre of Excellence of SAS NOREG, Bratislava, Slovak Republic
| | - Táňa Ravingerová
- Institute for Heart Research, Slovak Academy of Sciences and Centre of Excellence of SAS NOREG, Bratislava, Slovak Republic
| | - Antigone Lazou
- School of Biology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki 54124, Greece
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26
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Balatonyi B, Gasz B, Kovács V, Lantos J, Jancsó G, Marczin N, Rőth E. The role of the inhibition of glutathione-S-transferase in the protective mechanisms of ischemic postconditioning. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 2013; 91:625-32. [PMID: 23888930 DOI: 10.1139/cjpp-2012-0411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The antioxidant glutathione-S-transferase (GST) is a crucial determinant of the development of ischaemic-reperfusion (I/R) injury, and plays a pivotal role in the regulation of the mitogen activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathways involved in stress response and apoptosis. The aim of this study was to investigate whether inhibition of GST can abolish the benefit of ischaemic postconditioning (IPoC). A neonatal rat cardiomyocyte cell culture was prepared and divided into 6 groups: (I) control group without treatment; (II) cells exposed to simulated I/R; (III) simulated I/R (sI/R) with IPoC; (IV) ethacrynic acid (EA) alone; (V) sI/R with EA; and (VI) sI/R and IPoC together with EA. Viability of the cells was measured by MTT assay, the quantity of apoptotic cells was assessed by flow cytometry following annexin V-FITC - propidium-iodide double staining. The activation of JNK, p38, ERK/p42-p44 MAPKs, and GSK-3β protein kinase was determined by flow-cytometric assay. GST inhibition markedly increased the apoptosis and decreased the cell viability despite IPoC. The protective effect of IPoC was lost in GST-inhibited groups for all MAPKs and GSK-3β. GST activity is required for the survival of cultured cardiomyocytes under stress conditions. GST inhibition was associated with differential activation of MAP and the protein kinases regulating these pathways in the process of ischaemic postconditioning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Borbála Balatonyi
- Department of Surgical Research and Techniques, Medical Faculty, University of Pécs, Kodály Zoltán St. 20, H-7624 Pécs, Hungary.
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27
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Fu P, Peng C, Ding JY, Asmaro K, Sullivan JM, Guthikonda M, Ding Y. Acute administration of ethanol reduces apoptosis following ischemic stroke in rats. Neurosci Res 2013; 76:93-7. [PMID: 23511554 DOI: 10.1016/j.neures.2013.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2012] [Revised: 02/01/2013] [Accepted: 02/19/2013] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
In recent studies, acute ethanol administration appears to play a neuroprotective role during ischemic stroke. We sought to confirm these findings by identifying if ethanol-derived neuroprotection is associated with a reduction in apoptosis. Ethanol at 0.5 and 1.5 g/kg doses was given by intraperitoneal injections to Sprague-Dawley rats after 2h of middle cerebral artery (MCA) occlusion, followed by reperfusion. We quantified apoptotic cell death in each of the treatment groups with ELISA, and measured pro- and anti-apoptotic protein expression with Western blot analysis. Cell death was significantly increased in rats after ischemia and was subsequently significantly reduced by the administration of 1.5 g/kg of ethanol. We found that the 1.5 g/kg dose promoted the expression of pro-survival factors and decreased the expression of apoptotic proteins at 3h after reperfusion. This effect was maintained at 24h for Caspase-3 and apoptosis-inducing factor (AIF), although not for Bcl-2, Bcl-xL, and Bcl-2-associated X (Bax). Administration of 0.5 g/kg of ethanol was not as effective in regulating protein expression as the 1.5 g/kg dose. Our study suggests that administration of ethanol at a dose of 1.5 g/kg after stroke - which provides rat blood alcohol levels equivalent to the legal driving limit - produces a differential protein profile, with increased expression of anti-apoptotic proteins and decrease in pro-apoptotic factors. This results in a significant reduction of neuronal apoptosis and is neuroprotective in ischemia-reperfusion injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Fu
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
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28
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Yang NY, Shi L, Zhang Y, Ding C, Cong X, Fu FY, Wu LL, Yu GY. Ischemic preconditioning reduces transplanted submandibular gland injury. J Surg Res 2013; 179:e265-73. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jss.2012.02.066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2011] [Revised: 02/04/2012] [Accepted: 02/29/2012] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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29
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Qiu Y, Li T, Li H, Zuo Y. Continuous Spinal Cord Stimulation Reduced Cardiac Ischaemia/Reperfusion Injury in a Rat Model. Heart Lung Circ 2012; 21:564-71. [DOI: 10.1016/j.hlc.2012.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2012] [Accepted: 05/16/2012] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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30
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Peart JN, See Hoe L, Pepe S, Johnson P, Headrick JP. Opposing effects of age and calorie restriction on molecular determinants of myocardial ischemic tolerance. Rejuvenation Res 2012; 15:59-70. [PMID: 22236144 DOI: 10.1089/rej.2011.1226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
We test the hypothesis that moderate calorie restriction (CR) reverses negative influences of age on molecular determinants of myocardial stress resistance. Postischemic contractile dysfunction, cellular damage, and expression of regulators of autophagy/apoptosis and of prosurvival and prodeath kinases were assessed in myocardium from young adult (YA; 2- to 4-month-old) and middle-aged (MA; 12-month-old) mice, and MA mice subjected to 14 weeks of 40% CR (MA-CR). Ventricular dysfunction after 25%±2%), as was cell death indicated by troponin I (TnI) efflux (1,701±214 ng vs. 785±102 ng in YA). MA hearts exhibited 30% and 65% reductions in postischemic Beclin1 and Parkin, respectively, yet 50% lower proapoptotic Bax and 85% higher antiapoptotic Bcl2, increasing the Bcl2/Bax ratio. Age did not influence Akt or p38-mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) expression; reduced expression of increasingly phosphorylated ribosomal protein S6 kinase (p70S6K), increased expression of dephosphorylated glycogen synthase kinase 3β (GSK3β) and enhanced postischemic p38-MAPK phosphorylation. CR countered the age-related decline in ischemic tolerance, improving contractile recovery (60%±4%) and reducing cell death (123±22 ng of TnI). Protection was not associated with changes in Parkin or Bax, whereas CR partially limited the age-related decline in Beclin1 and further increased Bcl2. CR counteracted age-related changes in p70S6K, increased Akt levels, and reduced p38-MAPK (albeit increasing preischemic phosphorylation), and paradoxically reduced postischemic GSK3β phosphorylation. In summary, moderate age worsens cardiac ischemic tolerance; this is associated with reduced expression of autophagy regulators, dysregulation of p70S6K and GSK3β, and postischemic p38-MAPK activation. CR counters age effects on postischemic dysfunction/cell death; this is associated with reversal of age effects on p70S6K, augmentation of Akt and Bcl2 levels, and preischemic p38-MAPK activation. Age and CR thus impact on distinct determinants of ischemic tolerance, although p70S6K signaling presents a point of convergence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason N Peart
- Heart Foundation Research Centre, Griffith Health Institute, Griffith University, Gold Coast Campus, Queensland, Australia.
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31
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Dexamethasone induces transcriptional activation of Bcl-xL gene and inhibits cardiac injury by myocardial ischemia. Eur J Pharmacol 2011; 668:194-200. [PMID: 21723861 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2011.06.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2010] [Revised: 06/01/2011] [Accepted: 06/14/2011] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Psychological or physical stress causes an elevation of glucocorticoids in the circulating system. Glucocorticoids regulate a variety of physiological functions, from energy metabolism and biochemical homeostasis to immune response. Synthetic steroids are among the most prescribed drugs for immune suppression and chemotherapy. While glucocorticoids are best known for inducing apoptosis in a number of cell types, we have found that corticosteroids at stress relevant levels protect cardiomyocytes from apoptosis. Current study addresses whether glucocorticoids inhibit cardiac injury in vivo. Adult male C57BL6 mice were administered with dexamethasone (20mg/kg, i.p.) or vehicle control 20 h prior to left anterior descending coronary artery occlusion surgery. Myocardial infarction was measured by triphenyl tetrazoliumchloride staining in tissue slices and by levels of cardiac Troponin (cTn I) in the blood. Treatment of dexamethasone markedly reduced infarct size (19.6 ± 4.3%, vs. 29.2 ± 4.9%, p<0.01) and cTn I level in the blood (3.83 ± 0.66 ng/ml vs. 5.62 ± 0.37 ng/ml, p<0.01). In studying the mechanism of such protection, we found that dexamethasone induces the expression of Bcl-xL gene in the myocardium. With cardiomyocytes in culture, glucocorticoids increased transcription of Bcl-xL gene as evidenced by Bcl-xL mRNA increase and promoter activation. The glucocorticoid receptor antagonist mifepristone prevented dexamethasone from inducing cardiac protection or Bcl-xL expression. Our data suggest that activation of glucocorticoid receptor can prevent cardiac injury through transcriptional activation of Bcl-xL gene.
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32
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Markou T, Makridou Z, Galatou E, Lazou A. Multiple signalling pathways underlie the protective effect of levosimendan in cardiac myocytes. Eur J Pharmacol 2011; 667:298-305. [PMID: 21664904 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2011.05.078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2010] [Revised: 04/18/2011] [Accepted: 05/23/2011] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Levosimendan is a cardiovascular drug for the treatment of acute and decompensated heart failure. The current weight of evidence on the cardioprotective effects of levosimendan originates from whole heart models and there is no information on the mechanism whereby signalling pathways are activated. In the present study, we investigated the effect of levosimendan on ischaemia/reperfusion injury and the underlying mechanism in cardiac myocytes. Pretreatment with levosimendan reversed the effects of ischaemia and ischaemia/reperfusion on cell viability and enhanced phosphorylation of Akt, p38-mitogen activated protein kinase (MAPK) and extracellular signal-regulated kinases 1/2 (ERK1/2). Inhibitors of these kinases and the blocker of the mitochondrial K(ATP) channels, 5-hydroxydecanoate, completely abolished the protection afforded by levosimendan. Levosimendan stimulated the phosphorylation of Akt, ERK1/2 and p38-MAPK with different kinetics and the activation of these pathways was dependent on the opening of the mitochondrial K(ATP) channels and the production of oxygen free radicals. The levosimendan-induced phosphorylation of ERK1/2 and Akt was reduced by inhibitors of epidermal growth factor receptor and Src. On the other hand, inhibition of the protein kinase A (PKA) pathway reduced phosphorylation of p38-MAPK. Furthermore, p38-MAPK was activated when a phosphodiesterase inhibitor or a selective PKA activator was used. Overall, our results suggest that levosimendan regulates the wiring of the natural salvaging pathways to execute the prosurvival signals. This network includes Akt, ERK1/2 and p38-MAPK. Opening of mitochondrial K(ATP) channels and the subsequent production of oxygen free radicals, the epidermal growth factor receptor/Src, and the cAMP/PKA pathways seem to mediate this response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomais Markou
- Laboratory of Animal Physiology, Department of Zoology, School of Biology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki 54124, Greece
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Ren QZ, Qian ZH, Jia SH, Xu ZZ. Vascular endothelial growth factor expression up-regulated by endometrial ischemia in secretory phase plays an important role in endometriosis. Fertil Steril 2011; 95:2687-9. [PMID: 21616486 DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2011.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2010] [Revised: 05/01/2011] [Accepted: 05/03/2011] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Primary human endometrial cells were exposed to hypoxia preconditioning (HPC), HPC-hypoxia, and hypoxia conditions, and then endometrial tissue treated with ischemia preconditioning (IPC) was transplanted onto the chick embryo chorioallantoic membrane to investigate the role of slight ischemia of endometrium in the pathologic process of endometriosis. IPC up-regulated vascular endothelial growth factor expression and decreased apoptosis of endometrial cells, thus facilitating the endometrial fragments' ectopic implantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiong-zhen Ren
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Second Hospital Affiliated with Soochow University, Suzhou City, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
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Teng BT, Tam EW, Benzie IF, Siu PM. Protective effect of caspase inhibition on compression-induced muscle damage. J Physiol 2011; 589:3349-69. [PMID: 21540338 DOI: 10.1113/jphysiol.2011.209619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
There are currently no effective therapies for treating pressure-induced deep tissue injury. This study tested the efficacy of pharmacological inhibition of caspase in preventing muscle damage following sustained moderate compression. Adult Sprague-Dawley rats were subjected to prolonged moderate compression. Static pressure of 100 mm Hg compression was applied to an area of 1.5 cm2 in the tibialis region of the right limb of the rats for 6 h each day for two consecutive days. The left uncompressed limb served as intra-animal control. Rats were randomized to receive either vehicle (DMSO) as control treatment (n =8) or 6 mg kg⁻¹ of caspase inhibitor (z-VAD-fmk; n =8) prior to the 6 h compression on the two consecutive days.Muscle tissues directly underneath the compression region of the compressed limb and the same region of control limb were harvested after the compression procedure.Histological examination and biochemical/molecular measurement of apoptosis and autophagy were performed. Caspase inhibition was effective in alleviating the compression-induced pathohistology of muscle. The increases in caspase-3 protease activity, TUNEL index, apoptotic DNA fragmentation and pro-apoptotic factors (Bax, p53 and EndoG) and the decreases in anti-apoptotic factors (XIAP and HSP70) observed in compressed muscle of DMSO-treated animals were not found in animals treated with caspase inhibitor. The mRNA content of autophagic factors (Beclin-1, Atg5 and Atg12) and the protein content of LC3, FoxO3 and phospho-FoxO3 that were down-regulated in compressed muscle of DMSO-treated animals were all maintained at their basal level in the caspase inhibitor treated animals. Our data provide evidence that caspase inhibition attenuates compression-induced muscle apoptosis and maintains the basal autophagy level. These findings demonstrate that pharmacological inhibition of caspase/apoptosis is effective in alleviating muscle damage as induced by prolonged compression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bee T Teng
- Department of Health Technology and Informatics, Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
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35
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Ding JW, Tong XH, Yang J, Liu ZQ, Zhang Y, Yang J, Li S, Li L. Activated protein C protects myocardium via activation of anti-apoptotic pathways of survival in ischemia-reperfused rat heart. J Korean Med Sci 2010; 25:1609-15. [PMID: 21060750 PMCID: PMC2966998 DOI: 10.3346/jkms.2010.25.11.1609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2010] [Accepted: 05/24/2010] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Activated protein C (APC) is known to be beneficial on ischemia reperfusion injury in myocardium. However, the protection mechanism of APC is not fully understood. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects and possible mechanisms of APC on myocardial ischemic damage. Artificially ventilated anaesthetized Sprague-Dawley rats were subjected to a 30 min of left anterior descending coronary artery occlusion followed by 2 hr of reperfusion. Rats were randomly divided into four groups; Sham, I/R, APC preconditioning and postconditioning group. Myocardial infarct size, apoptosis index, the phosphorylation of ERK1/2, Bcl-2, Bax and cytochrome c genes and proteins were assessed. In APC-administrated rat hearts, regardless of the timing of administration, infarct size was consistently reduced compared to ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) rats. APC improved the expression of ERK1/2 and anti-apoptotic protein Bcl-2 which were significantly reduced in the I/R rats. APC reduced the expression of pro-apoptotic genes, Bax and cytochrome c. These findings suggest that APC produces cardioprotective effect by preserving the expression of proteins and genes involved in anti-apoptotic pathways, regardless of the timing of administration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Wang Ding
- Department of Cardiology, the First College of Clinical Medical Science, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, Hubei, China
| | - Xiao-Hong Tong
- Department of Cardiology, the First College of Clinical Medical Science, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, Hubei, China
| | - Jun Yang
- Department of Cardiology, the First College of Clinical Medical Science, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, Hubei, China
| | - Zhao-Qi Liu
- The Institute of Molecular Biology, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, Hubei, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, the First College of Clinical Medical Science, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, Hubei, China
| | - Jian Yang
- Department of Cardiology, the First College of Clinical Medical Science, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, Hubei, China
| | - Song Li
- Department of Cardiology, Yichang Central People's Hospital, Yichang, Hubei, China
| | - Li Li
- Department of Cardiology, the First College of Clinical Medical Science, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, Hubei, China
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Maranesi M, Zerani M, Lilli L, Dall'Aglio C, Brecchia G, Gobbetti A, Boiti C. Expression of luteal estrogen receptor, interleukin-1, and apoptosis-associated genes after PGF2alpha administration in rabbits at different stages of pseudopregnancy. Domest Anim Endocrinol 2010; 39:116-30. [PMID: 20427144 DOI: 10.1016/j.domaniend.2010.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2009] [Revised: 03/12/2010] [Accepted: 03/16/2010] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The dynamic expression for estrogen receptor subtype-1 (ESR1), interleukin-1beta (IL1B), and apoptosis-associated genes, as well as nitric oxide synthase activity, were examined in corpora lutea (CL) of rabbits after prostaglandin F(2alpha) (PGF(2alpha)) administration on either day 4 or day 9 of pseudopregnancy. By reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction, the steady-state level of ESR1 transcript was lower (P < 0.01) and that of anti-apoptotic B-cell CLL/lymphoma 2 (BCL2) -like 1 (BCL2L1) was greater in day 4 (P < 0.01) than in day 9 CL. Western blot analysis revealed that BCL2-associated X protein (BAX) abundance was greater in day 4 (P < 0.01) than in day 9 CL, whereas BCL2L1 protein was undetectable at both luteal stages. After PGF(2alpha), ESR1 transcript decreased (P < 0.01) in day 9 CL, whereas IL1B mRNA showed a transitory increase (P < 0.01) at both stages. The pro-apoptotic tumor protein p53 (TP53) gene had diminished (P < 0.01) on day 4 and on day 9 after a transitory increase (P < 0.01), whereas the BAX/BCL2L1 expression ratio increased (P < 0.01) in day 9 CL 24 h after treatment. Following PGF(2alpha), TP53 protein increased (P < 0.01) at both luteal stages, and BAX decreased (P < 0.01) in day 4 CL but increased (P < 0.01) 24 h later in day 9 CL; BCL2L1 became detectable 6 h later in day 4 CL. Nitric oxide synthase activity temporarily increased (P < 0.01) following PGF(2alpha). These findings suggest that PGF(2alpha) regulates luteolysis by ESR1 mRNA down-regulation and modulation of pro- and anti-apoptotic pathways in CL that have acquired a luteolytic capacity.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Maranesi
- Department of Veterinary Biopathological Science, Laboratory of Biotechnology, Section of Physiology, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
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Gallogly MM, Shelton MD, Qanungo S, Pai HV, Starke DW, Hoppel CL, Lesnefsky EJ, Mieyal JJ. Glutaredoxin regulates apoptosis in cardiomyocytes via NFkappaB targets Bcl-2 and Bcl-xL: implications for cardiac aging. Antioxid Redox Signal 2010; 12:1339-53. [PMID: 19938943 PMCID: PMC2864653 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2009.2791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Cardiomyocyte apoptosis is a well-established contributor to irreversible injury following myocardial infarction (MI). Increased cardiomyocyte apoptosis is associated also with aging in animal models, exacerbated by MI; however, mechanisms for this increased sensitivity to oxidative stress are unknown. Protein mixed-disulfide formation with glutathione (protein glutathionylation) is known to change the function of intermediates that regulate apoptosis. Since glutaredoxin (Grx) specifically catalyzes protein deglutathionylation, we examined its status with aging and its influence on regulation of apoptosis. Grx1 content and activity are decreased by approximately 40% in elderly (24-mo) Fischer 344 rat hearts compared to adult (6-mo) controls. A similar extent of Grx1 knockdown in H9c2 cardiomyocytes led to increased apoptosis, decreased NFkappaB-dependent transcriptional activity, and decreased production (mRNA and protein) of anti-apoptotic NFkappaB target genes, Bcl-2 and Bcl-xL. Knockdown of Bcl-2 and/or Bcl-xL in wild-type H9c2 cells to the same extent ( approximately 50%) as observed in Grx1-knockdown cells increased baseline apoptosis; and knockdown of Bcl-xL, but not Bcl-2, also increased oxidant-induced apoptosis analogous to Grx1-knockdown cells. Natural Grx1-deficient cardiomyocytes isolated from elderly rats also displayed diminished NFkappaB activity and Bcl-xL content. Taken together, these data indicate diminution of Grx1 in elderly animals contributes to increased apoptotic susceptibility via regulation of NFkappaB function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Molly M Gallogly
- Department of Pharmacology, Case Western Reserve University, School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio 44106-4965, USA
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Curry A, Guo M, Patel R, Liebelt B, Sprague S, Lai Q, Zwagerman N, Cao FX, Jimenez D, Ding Y. Exercise pre-conditioning reduces brain inflammation in stroke via tumor necrosis factor-alpha, extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 and matrix metalloproteinase-9 activity. Neurol Res 2009; 32:756-62. [PMID: 19682410 DOI: 10.1179/174313209x459101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We sought to determine whether cerebral inflammation in ischemic rats was reduced by a neuroprotective action of pre-ischemic tumor necrosis factor-alpha up-regulation, which down-regulated matrix metalloproteinase-9 activity via extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 phosphorylation. MATERIAL AND METHODS Adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were subjected to 30 minutes of exercise on a treadmill for 3 weeks. Stroke was induced by a 2 hour middle cerebral artery occlusion using an intraluminal filament. The exercised animals were treated with tumor necrosis factor-alpha antibody, UO126 (extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 inhibitor), or both UO126 and doxycycline (matrix metalloproteinase-9 inhibitor). Brain infarct volume was assessed using Nissl staining. Leukocyte infiltration was evaluated using myeloperoxidase immunostaining. Intercellular adhesion molecule-1 and matrix metalloproteinase protein levels were determined by Western blot, and enzyme activity was evaluated using zymography. RESULTS There was a significant decrease in neurological deficits, brain infarct volume and leukocyte infiltration, in association with reduction in matrix metalloproteinase-9 and intercellular adhesion molecule-1 expression in exercised animals. Exercised animals treated with either tumor necrosis factor-alpha antibody or with UO126 showed a reversal of neurological outcome, infarct volume and leukocyte infiltration. Matrix metalloproteinase-9 activity was reversed, at least partially, but the intercellular adhesion molecule-1 expression was not. Neuroprotection remained when the exercised ischemic rats were treated with both UO126 and doxycycline. CONCLUSION These results suggest that exercise-induced up-regulation of tumor necrosis factor-alpha before stroke and extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 phosphorylation play a role in decreasing brain inflammation by regulating matrix metalloproteinase-9 activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alecia Curry
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
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Markou T, Dowling AA, Kelly T, Lazou A. Regulation of Bcl-2 phosphorylation in response to oxidative stress in cardiac myocytes. Free Radic Res 2009; 43:809-16. [PMID: 19568971 DOI: 10.1080/10715760903071649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Oxidative stress promotes cardiac myocyte death and has been implicated in the pathogenesis of many cardiovascular diseases. Bcl-2 family proteins are key regulators of the apoptotic response, while their functions can be regulated by post-transcriptional modifications including phosphorylation, dimerization or proteolytic cleavage. This study used adult cardiac myocytes to test the hypothesis that activation of specific kinase signalling pathways by oxidative stress may modulate either the expression or the phosphorylation of Bcl-2, with the resulting effect of a decrease or increase in its anti-apoptotic function. Stimulation of cardiac myocytes with 0.2 mM H(2)O(2), which induces apoptosis, resulted in a marked down-regulation of Bcl-2 protein simultaneously with an increase in its phosphorylation. Inhibition of p38-MAPK resulted in attenuation of Bcl-2 phosphorylation, whereas inhibition of ERK1/2, JNKs or PI-3-K had no effect. These data suggest that activation of p38 MAPK by oxidative stress results in the phosphorylation and degradation of Bcl-2 and the inactivation of its anti-apoptotic activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomais Markou
- Laboratory of Animal Physiology, School of Biology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
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The mitochondrial permeability transition pore and ischemia-reperfusion injury. Basic Res Cardiol 2009; 104:181-8. [PMID: 19242640 DOI: 10.1007/s00395-009-0004-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 182] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2008] [Revised: 01/22/2009] [Accepted: 01/26/2009] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondrial dysfunction is an underlying cause of ischemia-reperfusion injury. In particular, ischemic injury induces dramatic increases in mitochondrial permeability, thereby instigating a chain of events that leads to both apoptotic and necrotic cardiomyocyte death. The mitochondrial permeability transition (MPT) pore, a large, non-specific channel that spans the inner mitochondrial membrane, is known to mediate the lethal permeability changes that initiate mitochondrial-driven cardiomyocyte death. The purpose of this review is to focus on the role of the MPT pore in ischemia-reperfusion injury, the mechanisms involved, and, in particular, what we do and do not know regarding the pore's molecular composition.
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Ischemic preconditioning produces systemic protective and adoptively transferable effects. Kidney Int 2008; 74:622-30. [DOI: 10.1038/ki.2008.208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Zhang J, Cheng C, He CL, Zhou YJ, Cao Y. The expression of Bcl-XL, Bcl-XS and p27Kip1 in topotecan-induced apoptosis in hepatoblastoma HepG2 cell line. Cancer Invest 2008; 26:456-63. [PMID: 18568767 DOI: 10.1080/07357900701683968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND To assess the efficacy of topotecan, a topoisomerase I specific inhibitor in S-phase, the reagent-induced apoptosis and cytotoxicity as well as related proteins expression, had been preliminarily investigated in human hepatoblastoma HepG2 cells. METHODS Microculture tetrazolium assay (MTT), HE staining, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), flow cytometry (FCM), quantitative immunocytochemistry (QI), gene tranfection and RNAi technology were employed to carry out the exploration. RESULTS Topotecan could potently kill HepG2 cells via inducing apoptosis and demonstrated strong cytotoxicity in a time, dose-dependent manner with IC50 of about 95 mu g/L. According to morphologic observation and FCM analyses, it was confirmed that the drug treatment, causing significant S-phase arrest, could trigger a typical interphase apoptosis, the main traits of which were identified as chromatin pycnosis and cytoplasm condensation. It was shown that the expression of Bcl-XL was simultaneously down-regulated with the up-regulation of Bcl-XS in cytoplasm, which was possibly a key downstream event following the topotecan-induced DNA damage in nucleus. The expression level of p27Kip1, a negative regulator in cell cycle at G1/S transient, was also elevated. Transfection of pcDNA 3.1-p27Kip1 into HepG2 cells could abrogate the cytotoxicity in a degree while silence of p27Kip1 with siRNA in drug treatments could significantly increased the chemosensitivity, strongly indicating that the up-regulation of p27Kip1 was not an apoptosis-promoting, but a self-rescue response against drug by moderate G0/G1 arrest. CONCLUSION Topotecan had potent cytotoxicity against HepG2 cells by triggering an interphase apoptosis possibly mediated by increasing the ratio of Bcl-XS/Bcl-XL. Up-regulation of p27Kip1in TPT treatments could be a protective response for self-rescue and silence of the gene markedly augmented TPT cytotoxicity. Therefore, the experiment in vitro could provide a new idea for the clinical chemotherapy based on the combination of traditional drugs with the specific-siRNA targeted on the protective response gene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Zhang
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, Chongqing University of Medical Sciences, Chongqing, People's Republic of China.
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Kumar S, Reusch HP, Ladilov Y. Acidic pre-conditioning suppresses apoptosis and increases expression of Bcl-xL in coronary endothelial cells under simulated ischaemia. J Cell Mol Med 2007; 12:1584-92. [PMID: 18053090 PMCID: PMC3918074 DOI: 10.1111/j.1582-4934.2007.00172.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Ischaemic pre-conditioning has a powerful protective potential against ischaemia-induced cell death, and acidosis is an important featur of ischaemia and can lead to apoptosis. Here we tested whether pre-conditioning with acidosis, that is, acidic pre-conditioning (APC), may protect coronary endothelial cells (EC) against apoptosis induced by simulated ischaemia. For pre-conditioning, EC were exposed fo 40 min. to acidosis (pH 6.4) followed by a 14-hrs recovery period (pH 7.4) and finally treated for 2 hrs with simulated ischaemia (glucose-free anoxia at pH 6.4). Cells undergoing apoptosis were visualized by chromatin staining or by determination of caspase-3 activit Simulated ischaemia in untreated EC increased caspase-3 activity and the number of apoptotic cell (31.3 ± 1.3%versus 3.9 ± 0.6% in control). APC significantly reduced the rate of apoptosis (14.2 ± 1.3%) and caspase-3 activity. Western blot analysis exploring the under lying mechanism leading to this protection revealed suppression of the endoplasmic reticulum- (reduced cleavage of caspase-12) and mitochondria-mediated (reduced cytochrome C release) pathways of apoptosis. These effects were associated with an over-expression of the anti-apoptotic protein Bcl-xL 14 hrs after APC, whereas no effect on the expression of Bcl-2, Bax, Bak, procaspase-12, reticulum-localized chaperones (GRP78, calreticulin), HSP70, HSP32 and HSP27 could be detected. Knock-down of Bcl-xL by siRNA-treatment prevented the protective effect of APC. In conclusion, short acidic pre-treatment can protect EC against ischaemic apoptosis. The mechanism of this protection consists of suppression of the endoplasmic reticulum- and mitochondria-mediated pathways. Over-expression of the anti apoptotic protein Bcl-xL is responsible for the increased resistance to apoptosis during ischaemic insult.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Kumar
- Abteilung für Klinische Pharmakologie, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Germany
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Vinten-Johansen J, Zhao ZQ, Jiang R, Zatta AJ, Dobson GP. Preconditioning and postconditioning: innate cardioprotection from ischemia-reperfusion injury. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2007; 103:1441-8. [PMID: 17615276 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00642.2007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Reperfusion is the definitive treatment to salvage ischemic myocardium from infarction. A primary determinant of infarct size is the duration of ischemia. In myocardium that has not been irreversibly injured by ischemia, reperfusion induces additional injury in the area at risk. The heart has potent innate cardioprotective mechanisms against ischemia-reperfusion that reduce infarct size and other presentations of postischemic injury. Ischemic preconditioning (IPC) applied before the prolonged ischemia exerts the most potent protection observed among known strategies. It has been assumed that IPC exerts protection during ischemia. However, recent data suggest that cardioprotection is also exerted during reperfusion. Postconditioning (PoC), defined as brief intermittent cycles of ischemia alternating with reperfusion applied after the ischemic event, has been shown to reduce infarct size, in some cases equivalent to that observed with IPC. Although there are similarities in mechanisms of cardioprotection by these two interventions, there are key differences that go beyond simply exerting these mechanisms before or after ischemia. A significant limitation of IPC has been the inability to apply this maneuver clinically except in situations where the ischemic event can be predicted. On the other hand, PoC is applied at the point of service in the hospital (cath-lab for percutaneous coronary intervention, coronary artery bypass grafting, and other cardiac surgery) where and when reperfusion is initiated. Initial clinical studies are in agreement with the success and extent to which PoC reduces infarct size and myocardial injury, even in the presence of multiple comorbidities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jakob Vinten-Johansen
- Cardiothoracic Research Laboratory of Emory Crawford Long Hospital and Emory University, 550 Peachtree St NE, Atlanta, GA 30308-2225, USA.
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