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Matus V, Castro-Guarda M, Cárcamo-Fierro J, Morera FJ, Zambrano A. Interleukin 3 Inhibits Glutamate-Cytotoxicity in Neuroblastoma Cell Line. Neurochem Res 2024; 49:1373-1386. [PMID: 38512424 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-024-04123-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2023] [Revised: 01/06/2024] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024]
Abstract
Interleukin 3 (IL-3) is a well-known pleiotropic cytokine that regulates the proliferation and differentiation of hematopoietic progenitor cells, triggering classical signaling pathways such as JAK/STAT, Ras/MAPK, and PI3K/Akt to carry out its functions. Interestingly, the IL-3 receptor is also expressed in non-hematopoietic cells, playing a crucial role in cell survival. Our previous research demonstrated the expression of the IL-3 receptor in neuron cells and its protective role in neurodegeneration. Glutamate, a principal neurotransmitter in the central nervous system, can induce cellular stress and lead to neurotoxicity when its extracellular concentrations surpass normal levels. This excessive glutamate presence is frequently observed in various neurological diseases. In this study, we uncover the protective role of IL-3 as an inhibitor of glutamate-induced cell death, analyzing the cytokine's signaling pathways during its protective effect. Specifically, we examined the relevance of JAK/STAT, Ras/MAPK, and PI3 K signaling pathways in the molecular mechanism triggered by IL-3. Our results show that the inhibition of JAK, ERK, and PI3 K signaling pathways, using pharmacological inhibitors, effectively blocked IL-3's protective role against glutamate-induced cell death. Additionally, our findings suggest that Bcl-2 and Bax proteins may be involved in the molecular mechanism triggered by IL-3. Our investigation into IL-3's ability to protect neuronal cells from glutamate-induced damage offers a promising therapeutic avenue with potential clinical implications for several neurological diseases characterized by glutamate neurotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Verónica Matus
- Instituto de Bioquímica y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Austral de Chile, (P. O. Box) 567, 5090000, Casilla, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Marcos Castro-Guarda
- Instituto de Bioquímica y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Austral de Chile, (P. O. Box) 567, 5090000, Casilla, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Joaquín Cárcamo-Fierro
- Instituto de Bioquímica y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Austral de Chile, (P. O. Box) 567, 5090000, Casilla, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Francisco J Morera
- Applied Biochemistry Laboratory, Escuela de Medicina Veterinaria, Facultad de Agronomía y Sistemas Naturales, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas y Facultad de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, 7820436, Santiago, Chile
| | - Angara Zambrano
- Instituto de Bioquímica y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Austral de Chile, (P. O. Box) 567, 5090000, Casilla, Valdivia, Chile.
- Center for Interdisciplinary Studies on the Nervous System (CISNe), Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile.
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Nagai K, Akimoto J, Fukami S, Saito Y, Ogawa E, Takanashi M, Kuroda M, Kohno M. Efficacy of interstitial photodynamic therapy using talaporfin sodium and a semiconductor laser for a mouse allograft glioma model. Sci Rep 2024; 14:9137. [PMID: 38644422 PMCID: PMC11033255 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-59955-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 04/23/2024] Open
Abstract
To investigate the therapeutic potential of photodynamic therapy (PDT) for malignant gliomas arising in unresectable sites, we investigated the effect of tumor tissue damage by interstitial PDT (i-PDT) using talaporfin sodium (TPS) in a mouse glioma model in which C6 glioma cells were implanted subcutaneously. A kinetic study of TPS demonstrated that a dose of 10 mg/kg and 90 min after administration was appropriate dose and timing for i-PDT. Performing i-PDT using a small-diameter plastic optical fiber demonstrated that an irradiation energy density of 100 J/cm2 or higher was required to achieve therapeutic effects over the entire tumor tissue. The tissue damage induced apoptosis in the area close to the light source, whereas vascular effects, such as fibrin thrombus formation occurred in the area slightly distant from the light source. Furthermore, when irradiating at the same energy density, irradiation at a lower power density for a longer period of time was more effective than irradiation at a higher power density for a shorter time. When performing i-PDT, it is important to consider the rate of delivery of the irradiation light into the tumor tissue and to set irradiation conditions that achieve an optimal balance between cytotoxic and vascular effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenta Nagai
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tokyo Medical University, 6-7-1 Nishishinjuku, Shinjuku-Ku, Tokyo, 160-0023, Japan
| | - Jiro Akimoto
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tokyo Medical University, 6-7-1 Nishishinjuku, Shinjuku-Ku, Tokyo, 160-0023, Japan.
| | - Shinjiro Fukami
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tokyo Medical University, 6-7-1 Nishishinjuku, Shinjuku-Ku, Tokyo, 160-0023, Japan
| | - Yuki Saito
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tokyo Medical University, 6-7-1 Nishishinjuku, Shinjuku-Ku, Tokyo, 160-0023, Japan
| | - Emiyu Ogawa
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Keio University, Kanagawa, Japan
| | | | - Masahiko Kuroda
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Michihiro Kohno
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tokyo Medical University, 6-7-1 Nishishinjuku, Shinjuku-Ku, Tokyo, 160-0023, Japan
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Hour MJ, Tsai FJ, Lai IL, Tsao JW, Chiang JH, Chiu YJ, Lu HF, Juan YN, Yang JS, Tsai SC. Efficacy of HMJ-38, a new quinazolinone analogue, against the gemcitabine-resistant MIA-PaCa-2 pancreatic cancer cells. Biomedicine (Taipei) 2023; 13:20-31. [PMID: 38532833 PMCID: PMC10962539 DOI: 10.37796/2211-8039.1423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2023] [Accepted: 08/15/2023] [Indexed: 03/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Gemcitabine is frequently utilized to treat pancreatic cancer. The purpose of our study was to create a gemcitabine-resistant MIA-PaCa-2 pancreatic cancer cell line (MIA-GR100) and to evaluate the anti-pancreatic cancer efficacy of HMJ-38, a new quinazolinone analogue. Compared to their parental counterparts, MIA-PaCa-2, established MIA-GR100 cells were less sensitive to gemcitabine. MIA-GR100 cell viability was not affected by 10, 50 and 100 nM gemcitabine concentrations. HMJ-38 reduced MIA-GR100 cell growth and induced autophagy and apoptosis. When stained with monodansylcadaverine (MDC), acridine orange (AO), and terminal deoxynucleotide transferase dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL), MIA-GR100 cells shrunk, punctured their membranes, and produced autophagy vacuoles and apoptotic bodies. Combining chloroquine (CQ) and 3-methyladenine (3-MA) with HMJ-38 dramatically reduced cell viability, indicating that autophagy function as a cytoprotective mechanism. MIA-GR100 cells treated with both z-VAD-FMK and HMJ-38 were much more viable than those treated with HMJ-38 alone. HMJ-38 promotes apoptosis in MIA-GR100 cells by activating caspases. Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is one of HMJ-38's principal targets, as determined via in silico target screening with network prediction. HMJ-38 also inhibited EGFR kinase activity and EGFR-associated signaling in MIA-GR100 cells. HMJ-38 may be an effective chemotherapeutic adjuvant for gemcitabine-resistant pancreatic cancer cells, in which it induces an antitumor response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mann-Jen Hour
- School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Taichung, 406040,
Taiwan
| | - Fuu-Jen Tsai
- School of Chinese Medicine, College of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, 404333,
Taiwan
- Human Genetics Center, Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, 404327,
Taiwan
- Department of Medical Genetics, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, 404327,
Taiwan
| | - I-Lu Lai
- Cell Therapy Center, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, 404327,
Taiwan
| | - Je-Wei Tsao
- School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Taichung, 406040,
Taiwan
| | - Jo-Hua Chiang
- Department of Nursing, Chung-Jen Junior College of Nursing, Health Sciences and Management, Chiayi, 62201,
Taiwan
| | - Yu-Jen Chiu
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, 112201,
Taiwan
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, 112304,
Taiwan
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, 112304,
Taiwan
| | - Hsing-Fang Lu
- Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, Taichung, 404327,
Taiwan
| | - Yu-Ning Juan
- Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, Taichung, 404327,
Taiwan
| | - Jai-Sing Yang
- Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, Taichung, 404327,
Taiwan
| | - Shih-Chang Tsai
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, China Medical University, Taichung, 406040,
Taiwan
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Cheng A, Zhang Y, Sun J, Huang D, Sulaiman JE, Huang X, Wu L, Ye W, Wu C, Lam H, Shi Y, Qian PY. Pterosin sesquiterpenoids from Pteris laeta Wall. ex Ettingsh. protect cells from glutamate excitotoxicity by modulating mitochondrial signals. J Ethnopharmacol 2023; 308:116308. [PMID: 36822346 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2023.116308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Revised: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 02/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE The genus Pteris (Pteridaceae) has been used as a traditional herb for a long time. In particular, Pteris laeta Wall. ex Ettingsh. has been widely used in traditional Chinese medicine to treat nervous system diseases and some pterosin sesquiterpenes from Pteris show neuroprotective activity, but their underlying molecular mechanisms remain elusive. Therefore, to investigate the neuroprotective activity and working mechanism of pterosin sesquiterpenes from P. laeta Wall. ex Ettingsh. will provide a better understanding and guidance in using P. laeta Wall. ex Ettingsh. as a traditional Chinese medicine. AIM OF THE STUDY We aim to develop effective treatments for neurodegenerative diseases from pterosin sesquiterpenes by evaluating their neuroprotective activity and investigating their working mechanisms. MATERIALS AND METHODS Primary screening on the glutamate-induced excitotoxicity cell model was assessed by 3-(4,5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-Diphenyltetrazolium Bromide (MTT) assay. Fluorescent-activated cell sorting (FACS) was used to analyze the activation level of glutamate receptors and mitochondria membrane potential after treatment. Transcriptomics and proteomics analysis was performed to identify possible targets of pterosin B. The key pathways were enriched by the Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analysis through the Database for Annotation, Visualization, and Integrated Discovery (DAVID). The core targets were visualized by a protein-protein interaction network using STRING. The mRNA and protein expressions were evaluated using real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (Q-PCR) and western blot, respectively. Immunocytochemistry was performed to monitor mitochondrial and apoptotic proteins. Cellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) were measured by ROS assay, and Ca2+ was stained with Fluo-4 AM to quantify intracellular Ca2+ levels. RESULTS We found pterosin B from Pteris laeta Wall. ex Ettingsh. showed significant neuroprotective activity against glutamate excitotoxicity, enhancing cell viability from 43.8% to 105% (p-value: <0.0001). We demonstrated that pterosin B worked on the downstream signaling pathways of glutamate excitotoxicity rather than directly blocking the activation of glutamate receptors. Pterosin B restored mitochondria membrane potentials, alleviated intracellular calcium overload from 107.4% to 95.47% (p-value: 0.0006), eliminated cellular ROS by 36.55% (p-value: 0.0143), and partially secured cells from LPS-induced inflammation by increasing cell survival from 46.75% to 58.5% (p-value: 0.0114). Notably, pterosin B enhanced the expression of nuclear factor-erythroid factor 2-related factor 2 (NRF2) and heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) by 2.86-fold (p-value: 0.0006) and 4.24-fold (p-value: 0.0012), and down-regulated Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 (KEAP1) expression by 2.5-fold (p-value: 0.0107), indicating that it possibly promotes mitochondrial biogenesis and mitophagy to maintain mitochondria quality control and homeostasis, and ultimately inhibits apoptotic cell death. CONCLUSIONS Our work revealed that pterosin B protected cells from glutamate excitotoxicity by targeting the downstream mitochondrial signals, making it a valuable candidate for developing potential therapeutic agents in treating neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aifang Cheng
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), Guangzhou, 511458, China; Department of Ocean Science and Hong Kong Branch of Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, 999077, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China; Institute for Advancing Translational Medicine in Bone and Joint Diseases (TMBJ), School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, 999077, China
| | - Jin Sun
- Institute of Evolution and Marine Biodiversity, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Duli Huang
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), Guangzhou, 511458, China; Department of Ocean Science and Hong Kong Branch of Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, 999077, China
| | - Jordy Evan Sulaiman
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, 999077, China
| | - Xin Huang
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), Guangzhou, 511458, China; Department of Ocean Science and Hong Kong Branch of Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, 999077, China
| | - Long Wu
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, 999077, China
| | - Wenkang Ye
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), Guangzhou, 511458, China; Department of Ocean Science and Hong Kong Branch of Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, 999077, China; SZU-HKUST Joint Ph.D. Program in Marine Environmental Science, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, China
| | - Chuanhai Wu
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), Guangzhou, 511458, China; Department of Ocean Science and Hong Kong Branch of Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, 999077, China
| | - Henry Lam
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, 999077, China
| | - Yusheng Shi
- National-Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Drug-Research and Development (R&D) of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116044, China; Academy of Integrative Medicine, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116044, China.
| | - Pei-Yuan Qian
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), Guangzhou, 511458, China; Department of Ocean Science and Hong Kong Branch of Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, 999077, China.
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Cong J, Li M, Wang Y, Ma H, Yang X, Gao J, Wang L, Wu X. Protective effects of electroacupuncture on polycystic ovary syndrome in rats: Down-regulating Alas2 to inhibit apoptosis, oxidative stress, and mitochondrial dysfunction in ovarian granulosa cells. Tissue Cell 2023; 82:102090. [PMID: 37075681 DOI: 10.1016/j.tice.2023.102090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2022] [Revised: 01/03/2023] [Accepted: 04/10/2023] [Indexed: 04/21/2023]
Abstract
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a heterogeneous endocrine disorder affecting women at reproductive age. The therapeutic effect of electroacupuncture (EA) on PCOS has been revealed, while the anti-PCOS mechanisms of EA have not been fully explored. In this study, PCOS were induced in rats by daily injection with dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) for 20 days and EA treatment was performed for 5 weeks. The mRNA expression profiles in ovarian tissues from control, PCOS, and EA-treated rats were examined by high-throughput mRNA sequencing. 5'-aminolevulinate synthase 2 (Alas2), a vital rate-limiting enzyme of the heme synthesis pathway, was selected to be further studied. PCOS led to the upregulation of Alas2 mRNA, whereas EA treatment restored this change. In vitro, primary ovarian granulosa cells (GCs) were challenged with H2O2 to mimic the oxidative stress (OS) state in PCOS. H2O2 induced apoptosis, OS, mitochondrial dysfunction, as well as Alas2 overexpression in GCs, while lentivirus-mediated Alas2 knockdown evidently restrained the above impairments. In summary, this study highlights the crucial role of Alas2 in cell apoptosis, OS, and mitochondrial dysfunction of PCOS GCs and provides potential therapeutic candidates for further investigation on PCOS treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Cong
- The First Department of Gynecology, First Affiliated Hospital, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin 150040, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Mubai Li
- The First Department of Gynecology, First Affiliated Hospital, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin 150040, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Yu Wang
- The First Department of Gynecology, First Affiliated Hospital, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin 150040, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Hongli Ma
- The First Department of Gynecology, First Affiliated Hospital, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin 150040, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Xinming Yang
- The First Department of Gynecology, First Affiliated Hospital, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin 150040, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Jingshu Gao
- The First Department of Gynecology, First Affiliated Hospital, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin 150040, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Long Wang
- Department of Acupuncture, First Affiliated Hospital, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin 150040, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Xiaoke Wu
- The First Department of Gynecology, First Affiliated Hospital, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin 150040, Heilongjiang Province, China; Heilongjiang Provincial Hospital, Harbin 150036, Heilongjiang Province, China.
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Jantaree P, Chaithongyot S, Sokolova O, Naumann M. USP48 and A20 synergistically promote cell survival in Helicobacter pylori infection. Cell Mol Life Sci 2022; 79:461. [PMID: 35913642 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-022-04489-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2022] [Revised: 06/24/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
The human pathogen Helicobacter pylori represents a risk factor for the development of gastric diseases including cancer. The H. pylori-induced transcription factor nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB) is involved in the pro-inflammatory response and cell survival in the gastric mucosa, and represents a trailblazer of gastric pathophysiology. Termination of nuclear NF-κB heterodimer RelA/p50 activity is regulated by the ubiquitin-RING-ligase complex elongin-cullin-suppressor of cytokine signalling 1 (ECSSOCS1), which leads to K48-ubiquitinylation and degradation of RelA. We found that deubiquitinylase (DUB) ubiquitin specific protease 48 (USP48), which interacts with the COP9 signalosome (CSN) subunit CSN1, stabilises RelA by deubiquitinylation and thereby promotes the transcriptional activity of RelA to prolong de novo synthesis of DUB A20 in H. pylori infection. An important role of A20 is the suppression of caspase-8 activity and apoptotic cell death. USP48 thus enhances the activity of A20 to reduce apoptotic cell death in cells infected with H. pylori. Our results, therefore, define a synergistic mechanism by which USP48 and A20 regulate RelA and apoptotic cell death in H. pylori infection.
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Jin J, Li F, Fan C, Wu Y, He C. Elevated mir-145-5p is associated with skeletal muscle dysfunction and triggers apoptotic cell death in C2C12 myotubes. J Muscle Res Cell Motil 2022; 43:135-145. [PMID: 35753017 DOI: 10.1007/s10974-022-09624-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Skeletal muscle dysfunction is a common comorbidity of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and the molecular mechanisms regarding to the pathogenesis of this disease have not been elucidated. In this study, a novel miR-145-5p was significantly upregulated in the serum collected from patients with COPD-associated muscle atrophy, in contrast with the normal participants. Then, we evidenced that silencing of miR-145-5p suppressed cell death and elongated cell survival during cell culture process. Consistently, upregulation of miR-145-5p induced cell apoptosis and restrain cell viability in the C2C12 cells, suggesting that miR-145-5p contributes to cell death. Further experiments evidenced that miR-145-5p decreased the expression levels of phosphorylated PI3K (p-PI3K), Akt (p-Akt) and mTOR (p-mTOR) to inactivate the PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway, and this pathway was also reactivated by miR-145-5p ablation. Finally, we proved that the protective effects of miR-145-5p ablation were abrogated by co-treating cells with PI3K inhibitor LY294002. Taken together, we concluded that miR-145-5p promoted cell death to facilitate muscle dysfunctions via inactivating the PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Jin
- Department of TCM, First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, No. 137, Liyushan South Road, Xinshi District, Urumqi, 830011, Xinjiang, China
| | - Fanyi Li
- Department of TCM, First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, No. 137, Liyushan South Road, Xinshi District, Urumqi, 830011, Xinjiang, China
| | - Caihong Fan
- Department of TCM, First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, No. 137, Liyushan South Road, Xinshi District, Urumqi, 830011, Xinjiang, China
| | - Yu Wu
- Department of TCM, First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, No. 137, Liyushan South Road, Xinshi District, Urumqi, 830011, Xinjiang, China
| | - Chunhui He
- Department of TCM, First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, No. 137, Liyushan South Road, Xinshi District, Urumqi, 830011, Xinjiang, China.
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Nafie MS, Elghazawy NH, Owf SM, Arafa K, Abdel-Rahman MA, Arafa RK. Control of ER-positive breast cancer by ERα expression inhibition, apoptosis induction, cell cycle arrest using semisynthetic isoeugenol derivatives. Chem Biol Interact 2022; 351:109753. [PMID: 34801536 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2021.109753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2021] [Revised: 11/02/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
New semi-synthetic effective and safe anticancer agents isoeugenol derivatives were synthesized, characterized, and screened for their cytotoxic activity against MCF-7. Moreover, their selective cytotoxicity was assessed against MCF-10A. Three derivatives, 2, 8 and 10 were significantly more active than the reference drug 5-FU with IC50 values of 6.59, 8.07 and 9.63 and 30.93 μM, respectively. Also interestingly, these derivatives demonstrated some degree of selectivity to cancer cells over normal cells. Furthermore, derivative 2 was subjected to other in vitro experiments against MCF-7 where it inhibited colony formation by 87.5% and lowered ERα concentration to 395.7 pg/mL compared to 1129 pg/mL in untreated control cells. In continuation of the investigation, the apoptotic activity of compound 2, was assessed where it significantly enhanced total apoptotic cell death by 9.16-fold (18.70% compared to 1.64% for the untreated MCF-7 control cells) and arrested the cell cycle at the G2/M phase. Furthermore, the molecular mechanism of apoptotic activity was investigated at both the gene (RT-PCR) and protein (western plotting) levels where upregulation of pro-apoptotic and down regulation of anti-apoptotic genes was detected. Additionally, compound 2 treatment enhanced the antioxidant (GSH, CAT, SOD) activities. Finally, in vivo experiments verified the effective anticancer activity of compound 2 through inhibition of tumor proliferation by 47.6% compared to 22.9% for 5-FU and amelioration of the hematological, biochemical, and histopathological examinations near normal. In effect, compound 2 can be viewed as a promising semi-synthetic derivative of isoeugenol with some degree of selectivity for management of breast cancer through apoptotic induction and ERα downregulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed S Nafie
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, 41522, Egypt.
| | - Nehal H Elghazawy
- Drug Design and Discovery Lab, Zewail City of Science and Technology, Giza, 12578, Egypt.
| | - Salma M Owf
- Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, 41522, Egypt.
| | - Kholoud Arafa
- Center for Material Sciences-NanoSciences, Zewail City of Science and Technology, Giza, 12578, Egypt.
| | | | - Reem K Arafa
- Drug Design and Discovery Lab, Zewail City of Science and Technology, Giza, 12578, Egypt; Biomedical Sciences Program, University of Science and Technology, Zewail City of Science and Technology, Giza, 12578, Egypt.
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9
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Kochetkova EY, Pospelov VA, Pospelova TV. Approaches and Protocols to Analyze Autophagy and Its Role in Death of Apoptosis-Resistant Senescent Tumor Cells. Methods Mol Biol 2022; 2445:139-169. [PMID: 34972991 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-2071-7_10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Anticancer therapy is complicated by the ability of malignant cells to activate cytoprotective autophagy that rescues treated cells. This protocol describes methods for analysis of autophagic process in apoptosis-resistant tumor cells treated with damaging agents. Induction of autophagy in these cells can activate apoptotic death. Protocol provides methods for Western blotting, immunofluorescent analysis, and transfection of cells with fluorescent protein-tagged LC3-encoding plasmids to analyze autophagy. Different approaches to change autophagy in tumor cells are suggested. A special approach is connected with induction of cellular senescence. Senescent cells, which are resistant to apoptosis, are vulnerable to certain damaging agents, in particular, to kinase inhibitors. Methods to induce and analyze senescence are considered. They include detection of proliferation arrest by different ways, mTORC1 activity assay and fluorescent analysis of mTORC1 and lysosome localization as a novel senescence hallmark. Incapability of senescent cells to complete autophagy after damage allows to force them to apoptosis. To demonstrate apoptotic cell death, analysis of caspase activity, Annexin V-FITC binding, DNA fragmentation, and mitochondria and lysosome damage are suggested. The methods described can be applied in studies aimed on developing different strategies of tumor cell elimination through changing autophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Y Kochetkova
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Biomedicum, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
- Institute of Cytology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Saint-Petersburg, Russia.
| | - Valery A Pospelov
- Institute of Cytology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Saint-Petersburg, Russia
| | - Tatiana V Pospelova
- Institute of Cytology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Saint-Petersburg, Russia
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10
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Winkler M, Friedrich J, Boedicker C, Dolgikh N. Co-targeting MCL-1 and ERK1/2 kinase induces mitochondrial apoptosis in rhabdomyosarcoma cells. Transl Oncol 2021; 16:101313. [PMID: 34906889 PMCID: PMC8681038 DOI: 10.1016/j.tranon.2021.101313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Co-inhibition of ERK1/2 and MCL-1 induces synergistic cell death in rhabdomyosarcoma. Ulixertinib/S63845 co-treatment effectively induces caspase-dependent apoptosis. BIM, BMF, BAK and BAX are required for Ulixertinib/S63845-induced apoptosis.
The RAS/MEK/ERK genetic axis is commonly altered in rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS), indicating high activity of downstream effector ERK1/2 kinase. Previously, we have demonstrated that inhibition of the RAS/MEK/ERK signaling pathway in RMS is insufficient to induce cell death due to residual pro-survival MCL-1 activity. Here, we show that the combination of ERK1/2 inhibitor Ulixertinib and MCL-1 inhibitor S63845 is highly synergistic and induces apoptotic cell death in RMS in vitro and in vivo. Importantly, Ulixertinib/S63845 co-treatment suppresses long-term survival of RMS cells, induces rapid caspase activation and caspase-dependent apoptosis. Mechanistically, Ulixertinib-mediated upregulation of BIM and BMF in combination with MCL-1 inhibition by S63845 shifts the balance of BCL-2 proteins towards a pro-apoptotic state resulting in apoptosis induction. A genetic silencing approach reveals that BIM, BMF, BAK and BAX are all required for Ulixertinib/S63845-induced apoptosis. Overexpression of BCL-2 rescues cell death triggered by Ulixertinib/S63845 co-treatment, confirming that combined inhibition of ERK1/2 and MCL-1 effectively induces cell death of RMS cells via the intrinsic mitochondrial apoptotic pathway. Thus, this study is the first to demonstrate the cytotoxic potency of co-inhibition of ERK1/2 and MCL-1 for RMS treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marius Winkler
- Institute for Experimental Cancer Research in Pediatrics, Goethe-University Frankfurt, Komturstr. 3a, 60528 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Juliane Friedrich
- Institute for Experimental Cancer Research in Pediatrics, Goethe-University Frankfurt, Komturstr. 3a, 60528 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Cathinka Boedicker
- Institute for Experimental Cancer Research in Pediatrics, Goethe-University Frankfurt, Komturstr. 3a, 60528 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Nadezda Dolgikh
- Institute for Experimental Cancer Research in Pediatrics, Goethe-University Frankfurt, Komturstr. 3a, 60528 Frankfurt, Germany.
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11
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Routholla G, Pulya S, Patel T, Abdul Amin S, Adhikari N, Biswas S, Jha T, Ghosh B. Synthesis, biological evaluation, and molecular docking analysis of novel linker-less benzamide based potent and selective HDAC3 inhibitors. Bioorg Chem 2021; 114:105050. [PMID: 34120025 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2021.105050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2021] [Accepted: 05/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
A series of novel linker-less benzamides with different aryl and heteroaryl cap groups have been designed, synthesized, and screened as potent histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors with promising anticancer activity. Two lead compounds 5e and 5f were found as potent and highly selective HDAC3 inhibitors over other Class-I HDACs and HDAC6. Compound 5e bearing a 6-quinolinyl moiety as the cap group was found to be a highly potent HDAC3 inhibitor (IC50 = 560 nM) and displayed 46-fold selectivity for HDAC3 over HDAC2, and 33-fold selectivity for HDAC3 over HDAC1. The synthesized compounds possess antiproliferative activities against different cancer cell lines and significantly less cytotoxic to normal cells. Molecular Docking studies of compounds 5e and 5f reveal a similar binding mode of interactions as CI994 at the HDAC3 active site. These observations agreed with the in vitro HDAC3 inhibitory activities. Significant enhancement of the endogenous acetylation level on H3K9 and H4K12 was found when B16F10 cells were treated with compounds 5e and 5f in a dose-dependent manner. The compounds induced apoptotic cell death in Annexin-V/FITC-PI assay and caused cell cycle arrest at G2/M phase of cell cycle in B16F10 cells. These compounds may serve as potential HDAC3 inhibitory anticancer therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ganesh Routholla
- Epigenetic Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmacy, BITS-Pilani, Hyderabad Campus, Shamirpet, Hyderabad 500078, India
| | - Sravani Pulya
- Epigenetic Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmacy, BITS-Pilani, Hyderabad Campus, Shamirpet, Hyderabad 500078, India
| | - Tarun Patel
- Epigenetic Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmacy, BITS-Pilani, Hyderabad Campus, Shamirpet, Hyderabad 500078, India
| | - Sk Abdul Amin
- Natural Science Laboratory, Division of Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, P. O. Box 17020, Jadavpur University, Kolkata 700032, West Bengal, India
| | - Nilanjan Adhikari
- Natural Science Laboratory, Division of Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, P. O. Box 17020, Jadavpur University, Kolkata 700032, West Bengal, India
| | - Swati Biswas
- Epigenetic Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmacy, BITS-Pilani, Hyderabad Campus, Shamirpet, Hyderabad 500078, India
| | - Tarun Jha
- Natural Science Laboratory, Division of Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, P. O. Box 17020, Jadavpur University, Kolkata 700032, West Bengal, India
| | - Balaram Ghosh
- Epigenetic Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmacy, BITS-Pilani, Hyderabad Campus, Shamirpet, Hyderabad 500078, India.
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12
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Malko P, Ding R, Jiang LH. TRPM2 channel in oxidative stress-induced mitochondrial dysfunction and apoptotic cell death. Adv Protein Chem Struct Biol 2021; 125:51-72. [PMID: 33931144 DOI: 10.1016/bs.apcsb.2020.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondria, conserved intracellular organelles best known as the powerhouse of cells for generating ATP, play an important role in apoptosis. Oxidative stress can induce mitochondrial dysfunction and activate mitochondria-mediated apoptotic cell death. TRPM2 is a Ca2+-permeable cation channel that is activated by pathologically relevant concentrations of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and one of its well-recognized roles is to confer susceptibility to ROS-induced cell death. Increasing evidence from recent studies supports TRPM2 channel-mediated cell death as an important cellular mechanism linking miscellaneous oxidative stress-inducing pathological factors to associated diseased conditions. In this chapter, we will discuss the role of the TRPM2 channel in neurons in the brain and pancreatic β-cells in mediating mitochondrial dysfunction and cell death, focusing mainly on apoptotic cell death, that are induced by pathological stimuli implicated in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases, ischemic stroke and diabetes.
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13
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Saiki I, Yara M, Yamanaka T, Uchino H, Inazu M. Functional Expression of Choline Transporter-Like Protein 1 in LNCaP Prostate Cancer Cells: A Novel Molecular Target. Biomol Ther (Seoul) 2020; 28:195-201. [PMID: 31693854 PMCID: PMC7059810 DOI: 10.4062/biomolther.2019.097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2019] [Revised: 09/12/2019] [Accepted: 10/01/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer is one of the most common cancers in men. Choline PET or PET/CT has been used to visualize prostate cancer, and high levels of choline accumulation have been observed in tumors. However, the uptake system for choline and the functional expression of choline transporters in prostate cancer are not completely understood. In this study, the molecular and functional aspects of choline uptake were investigated in the LNCaP prostate cancer cell line along with the correlations between choline uptake and cell viability in drug-treated cells. Choline transporter-like protein 1 (CTL1) and CTL2 mRNA were highly expressed in LNCaP cells. CTL1 and CTL2 were located in the plasma membrane and mitochondria, respectively. [3H]Choline uptake was mediated by a single Na+-independent, intermediate-affinity transport system in the LNCaP cells. The anticancer drugs, flutamide and bicalutamide, inhibited cell viability and [3H]choline uptake in a concentration-dependent manner. The correlations between the effects of these drugs on cell viability and [3H]choline uptake were significant. Caspase-3/7 activity was significantly increased by both flutamide and bicalutamide. Furthermore, these drugs decreased CTL1 expression in the prostate cancer cell line. These results suggest that CTL1 is functionally expressed in prostate cancer cells and are also involved in abnormal proliferation. Identification of this CTL1-mediated choline transport system in prostate cancer cells provides a potential new therapeutic target for the treatment of this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iwao Saiki
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo 160-0023, Japan
| | - Miki Yara
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo 160-0023, Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Yamanaka
- Department of Molecular Preventive Medicine, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo 160-8402, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Uchino
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo 160-0023, Japan
| | - Masato Inazu
- Department of Molecular Preventive Medicine, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo 160-8402, Japan.,Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo 160-8402, Japan
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14
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Cao L, Xue M, Chen J, Shi H, Zhang X, Shi D, Liu J, Huang L, Wei Y, Liu C, Feng L. Porcine parvovirus replication is suppressed by activation of the PERK signaling pathway and endoplasmic reticulum stress-mediated apoptosis. Virology 2020; 539:1-10. [PMID: 31605941 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2019.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2019] [Revised: 08/27/2019] [Accepted: 09/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress is associated with numerous mammalian diseases, especially viral diseases. Porcine parvovirus (PPV) is the causative agent of reproductive failure in swine. Here, we observed that the PPV infection of porcine kidney 15 and porcine testis cells resulted in the activation of ER stress sensors mediated by protein kinase R-like ER kinase (PERK), but not inositol-requiring enzyme 1 and activating transcription factor 6 (ATF6). ER stress activation obviously blocked PPV replication. Depletion of proteins, such as PERK, eukaryotic initiation factor 2, and ATF4, by small interfering RNA significantly enhanced PPV replication. Moreover, the pro-apoptotic factor C/EBP homologous protein was identified a key factor in the inhibition of PPV replication. These data demonstrate that PPV infection activates ER stress through the PERK signaling pathway and that ER stress inhibits further PPV replication by promoting apoptosis.
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15
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Yujia S, Tingting G, Jiaxin L, Saisai Z, Zhitai H, Qingnan T, Shoutao Z. Cdc42 regulate the apoptotic cell death required for planarian epidermal regeneration and homeostasis. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2019; 112:107-113. [PMID: 31102665 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2019.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2018] [Revised: 05/10/2019] [Accepted: 05/13/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Rho GTPases have been shown previously to play important roles in several cellular processes by regulating the organization of the actin and microtubule cytoskeletons. However, the mechanisms of Rho GTPases that integrate the cellular responses during regeneration have not been thoroughly elucidated. The planarian flatworm, which contains a large number of adult somatic stem cells (neoblasts), is a unique model to study stem cell lineage development in vivo. Here, we focus on cdc42, which is an extensively characterized member among Rho GTPases. We found that cdc42 is required for the maintenance of epidermal lineage. Cdc42 RNAi induced a sustained increased of cell death and led to a loss of the mature epidermal cells but without affected cell division. Our results indicate that cdc42 function as an inhibitor to block the excessive apoptotic cell death in planarian epidermal regeneration and homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sun Yujia
- School of LifeSciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Gao Tingting
- School of LifeSciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Li Jiaxin
- School of LifeSciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Zhang Saisai
- School of LifeSciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Hao Zhitai
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, New York University, School of Medicine, NY, USA
| | - Tian Qingnan
- School of LifeSciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China.
| | - Zhang Shoutao
- School of LifeSciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China; Henan Key Laboratory of Bioactive Macromolecules, Zhengzhou, Henan, China.
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16
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Liu LD, Pang YX, Zhao XR, Li R, Jin CJ, Xue J, Dong RY, Liu PS. Curcumin induces apoptotic cell death and protective autophagy by inhibiting AKT/mTOR/p70S6K pathway in human ovarian cancer cells. Arch Gynecol Obstet 2019; 299:1627-39. [PMID: 31006841 DOI: 10.1007/s00404-019-05058-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2018] [Accepted: 01/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Curcumin (Cur), a yellow-colored dietary flavor from the plant (Curcuma longa), has been demonstrated to potentially resist diverse diseases, including ovarian cancer, but drug resistance becomes a major limitation of its success clinically. The key molecule or mechanism associated with curcumin resistance in ovarian cancer still remains unclear. The aim of our study was to investigate the effects of curcumin on autophagy in ovarian cancer cells and elucidate the underlying mechanism. METHODS In our study, 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT), EdU proliferation assay and colony-forming assay were used to assess cell viability. Apoptosis was detected by western blot and flow cytometric analysis of apoptosis. Autophagy was defined by both electron microscopy and immunofluorescence staining markers such as microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3 (LC3). Plasmid construction and shRNA transfection helped us to confirm the function of curcumin. RESULTS Curcumin reduced cell viability and induced apoptotic cell death by MTT assay in human ovarian cancer cell lines SK-OV-3 and A2780 significantly. Electron microscopy, western blot and immunofluorescence staining proved that curcumin could induce protective autophagy. Moreover, treatment with autophagy-specific inhibitors or stable knockdown of LC3B by shRNA could markedly enhance curcumin-induced apoptosis. Finally, the cells transiently transfected with AKT1 overexpression plasmid demonstrated that autophagy had a direct relationship with the AKT/mTOR/p70S6K pathway. CONCLUSIONS Curcumin can induce protective autophagy of human ovarian cancer cells by inhibiting the AKT/mTOR/p70S6K pathway, indicating the synergistic effects of curcumin and autophagy inhibition as a possible strategy to overcome the limits of current therapies in the eradication of epithelial ovarian cancer.
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17
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Jeong S, Yun HK, Jeong YA, Jo MJ, Kang SH, Kim JL, Kim DY, Park SH, Kim BR, Na YJ, Lee SI, Kim HD, Kim DH, Oh SC, Lee DH. Cannabidiol-induced apoptosis is mediated by activation of Noxa in human colorectal cancer cells. Cancer Lett 2019; 447:12-23. [PMID: 30660647 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2019.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2018] [Revised: 12/21/2018] [Accepted: 01/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Cannabidiol (CBD), one of the compounds present in the marijuana plant, has anti-tumor properties, but its mechanism is not well known. This study aimed to evaluate the apoptotic action of CBD in colorectal cancer (CRC) cells, and focused on its effects on the novel pro-apoptotic Noxa-reactive oxygen species (ROS) signaling pathway. CBD experiments were performed using the CRC cell lines HCT116 and DLD-1. CBD induced apoptosis by regulating many pro- and anti-apoptotic proteins, of which Noxa showed significantly higher expression. To understand the relationship between Noxa and CBD-induced apoptosis, Noxa levels were downregulated using siRNA, and the expression of apoptosis markers decreased. After ROS production was blocked, the level of Noxa also decreased, suggesting that ROS is involved in the regulation of Noxa, which along with ROS is a well-known pro-apoptotic signaling agents. As a result, CBD induced apoptosis in a Noxa-and-ROS-dependent manner. Taken together, the results obtained in this study re-demonstrated the effects of CBD treatment in vivo, thus confirming its role as a novel, reliable anticancer drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soyeon Jeong
- Department of Oncology, Korea University Guro Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hye Kyeong Yun
- Graduate School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, 08308, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoon A Jeong
- Graduate School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, 08308, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Jee Jo
- Graduate School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, 08308, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Hee Kang
- Department of Surgery, Korea University Guro Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung Lim Kim
- Department of Oncology, Korea University Guro Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Dae Yeong Kim
- Graduate School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, 08308, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong Hye Park
- Graduate School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, 08308, Republic of Korea
| | - Bo Ram Kim
- Department of Oncology, Korea University Guro Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Yoo Jin Na
- Graduate School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, 08308, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun Il Lee
- Department of Surgery, Korea University Guro Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Han Do Kim
- Kaiyon Bio Tech Co., Ltd, 226 Gamasan-Ro, Guro-gu, Seoul, 08308, Republic of Korea
| | - Dae Hyun Kim
- Kaiyon Bio Tech Co., Ltd, 226 Gamasan-Ro, Guro-gu, Seoul, 08308, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Cheul Oh
- Department of Oncology, Korea University Guro Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea; Graduate School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, 08308, Republic of Korea.
| | - Dae-Hee Lee
- Department of Oncology, Korea University Guro Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea; Graduate School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, 08308, Republic of Korea.
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18
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Zheng J, Chen J, Zou X, Zhao F, Guo M, Wang H, Zhang T, Zhang C, Feng W, Pessah IN, Cao Z. Saikosaponin d causes apoptotic death of cultured neocortical neurons by increasing membrane permeability and elevating intracellular Ca 2+ concentration. Neurotoxicology 2019; 70:112-121. [PMID: 30458186 PMCID: PMC6342622 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuro.2018.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2018] [Revised: 11/01/2018] [Accepted: 11/14/2018] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Saikosaponins (SSs) are a class of naturally occurring oleanane-type triterpenoid saponins found in Radix bupleuri that has been widely used in traditional Chinese medicine. As the main active principals of Radix bupleuri, SSs have been shown to suppress mouse motor activity, impair learning and memory, and decrease hippocampal neurogenesis. In the present study, we investigated the effect of five SSs (SSa, SSb1, SSb2, SSc, and SSd) on neuronal viability and the underlying mechanisms in cultured murine neocortical neurons. We demonstrate that SSa, SSb1 and SSd produce concentration-dependent apoptotic neuronal death and induce robust increase in intracellular Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]i) at low micromolar concentrations with a rank order of SSd > SSa > SSb1, whereas SSb2 and SSc have no detectable effect on both neuronal survival and [Ca2+]i. Mechanistically, SSd-induced elevation in [Ca2+]i is the primary result of enhanced extracellular Ca2+ influx, which likely triggers Ca2+-induced Ca2+ release through ryanodine receptor activation, but not SERCA inhibition. SSd-induced Ca2+ entry occurs through a non-selective mechanism since blockers of major neuronal Ca2+ entry pathways, including L-type Ca2+ channel, NMDA receptor, AMPA receptor, Na+-Ca2+ exchanger, and TRPV1, all failed to attenuate the Ca2+ response to SSd. Further studies demonstrate that SSd increases calcein efflux and induces an inward current in neocortical neurons. Together, these data demonstrate that SSd elevates [Ca2+]i due to its ability to increase membrane permeability, likely by forming pores in the surface of membrane, which leads to massive Ca2+ influx and apoptotic neuronal death in neocortical neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory for TCM Evaluation and Translational Development, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China, 211198
| | - Juan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory for TCM Evaluation and Translational Development, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China, 211198
| | - Xiaohan Zou
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory for TCM Evaluation and Translational Development, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China, 211198
| | - Fang Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory for TCM Evaluation and Translational Development, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China, 211198
| | - Mengqi Guo
- School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Drug Evaluation (Yantai University), Ministry of Education, Yantai University, Yantai, China, 2640050
| | - Hongbo Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Drug Evaluation (Yantai University), Ministry of Education, Yantai University, Yantai, China, 2640050
| | - Tian Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Gene Resource and Molecular Development, College of Life Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China, 100875
| | - Chunlei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory for TCM Evaluation and Translational Development, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China, 211198
| | - Wei Feng
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA, USA, 95616
| | - Isaac N Pessah
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA, USA, 95616
| | - Zhengyu Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory for TCM Evaluation and Translational Development, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China, 211198
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Abstract
Within the course of a single minute, millions of cells in the human body will undergo programmed cell death in response to physiological or pathological cues. The diminished energetic capacity of an apoptotic cell renders the cell incapable of sustaining plasma membrane integrity. Under these circumstances, intracellular contents that might leak into the surrounding tissue microenvironment, a process referred to as secondary necrosis, could induce inflammation and tissue damage. Remarkably, in most cases of physiologically rendered apoptotic cell death, inflammation is avoided because a mechanism to swiftly remove apoptotic cells from the tissue prior to their secondary necrosis becomes activated. This mechanism, referred to as efferocytosis, uses phagocytes to precisely identify and engulf neighboring apoptotic cells. In doing so, efferocytosis mantains tissue homeostasis that would otherwise be disrupted by normal cellular turnover and exacerbated further when the burden of apoptotic cells becomes elevated due to disease or insult. Efferocytosis also supports the resolution of inflammation, restoring tissue homesostasis. The importance of efferocytosis in health and disease underlies the increasing research efforts to understand the mechanisms by which efferocytosis occurs, and how a failure in the efferocytic machinery contributes to diseases, or conversely, how cancers effectively use the existing efferocytic machinery to generate a tumor-tolerant, immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment. We discuss herein the molecular mechanisms of efferocytosis, how the process of efferocytosis might support a tumor ‘wound healing’ phenotype, and efforts to target efferocytosis as an adjunct to existing tumor treatments.
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20
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Nagashima F, Nishiyama R, Iwao B, Kawai Y, Ishii C, Yamanaka T, Uchino H, Inazu M. Molecular and Functional Characterization of Choline Transporter-Like Proteins in Esophageal Cancer Cells and Potential Therapeutic Targets. Biomol Ther (Seoul) 2018; 26:399-408. [PMID: 29223141 PMCID: PMC6029686 DOI: 10.4062/biomolther.2017.113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2017] [Revised: 07/06/2017] [Accepted: 07/28/2017] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, we examined the molecular and functional characterization of choline uptake in the human esophageal cancer cells. In addition, we examined the influence of various drugs on the transport of [3H]choline, and explored the possible correlation between the inhibition of choline uptake and apoptotic cell death. We found that both choline transporter-like protein 1 (CTL1) and CTL2 mRNAs and proteins were highly expressed in esophageal cancer cell lines (KYSE series). CTL1 and CTL2 were located in the plasma membrane and mitochondria, respectively. Choline uptake was saturable and mediated by a single transport system, which is both Na+-independent and pH-dependent. Choline uptake and cell viability were inhibited by various cationic drugs. Furthermore, a correlation analysis of the potencies of 47 drugs for the inhibition of choline uptake and cell viability showed a strong correlation. Choline uptake inhibitors and choline deficiency each inhibited cell viability and increased caspase-3/7 activity. We conclude that extracellular choline is mainly transported via a CTL1. The functional inhibition of CTL1 by cationic drugs could promote apoptotic cell death. Furthermore, CTL2 may be involved in choline uptake in mitochondria, which is the rate-limiting step in S-adenosylmethionine (SAM) synthesis and DNA methylation. Identification of this CTL1- and CTL2-mediated choline transport system provides a potential new target for esophageal cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fumiaki Nagashima
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo 160-0023, Japan
| | - Ryohta Nishiyama
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo 160-0023, Japan
| | - Beniko Iwao
- Department of Psychiatry, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo 160-0023, Japan
| | - Yuiko Kawai
- Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo 160-8402, Japan
| | - Chikanao Ishii
- Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo 160-8402, Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Yamanaka
- Department of Molecular Preventive Medicine, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo 160-8402, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Uchino
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo 160-0023, Japan
| | - Masato Inazu
- Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo 160-8402, Japan.,Department of Molecular Preventive Medicine, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo 160-8402, Japan
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21
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Lee YJ, Lee C. Porcine deltacoronavirus induces caspase-dependent apoptosis through activation of the cytochrome c-mediated intrinsic mitochondrial pathway. Virus Res 2018; 253:112-123. [PMID: 29940190 PMCID: PMC7114866 DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2018.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2018] [Revised: 06/09/2018] [Accepted: 06/20/2018] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Porcine deltacoronavirus (PDCoV), a newly discovered enteric coronavirus, is a causative agent of severe clinical diarrhea and intestinal pathological damage in piglets. As a first step toward understanding the effect of PDCoV on host cells, we elucidated mechanisms underlying the process of apoptotic cell death after PDCoV infection. The use of a pan-caspase inhibitor resulted in the inhibition of PDCoV-induced apoptosis and reduction of PDCoV replication, suggestive of the association of a caspase-dependent pathway. Furthermore, PDCoV infection necessitated the activation of the initiator caspase-9 responsible for the intrinsic mitochondrial apoptosis pathway. Experimental data indicated that PDCoV infection led to Bax-mediated mitochondrial outer membrane permeabilization (MOMP), resulting in specific relocation of the mitochondrial cytochrome c (cyt c) into the cytoplasm. Treatment with cyclosporin A (CsA), an inhibitor of mitochondrial permeability transition pore (MPTP) opening, significantly suppressed PDCoV-triggered apoptosis and viral replication. Moreover, cyt c release was completely abrogated in PDCoV-infected cells in the presence of CsA, suggesting the critical role of MPTP in intrinsic apoptosis in response to PDCoV infection. Altogether, our results indicate that PDCoV infection stimulates MOMP either via Bax recruitment or MPTP opening to permit the release of apoptogenic cyt c into the cytoplasm, thereby leading to execution of the caspase-dependent intrinsic apoptosis pathway to facilitate viral replication in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoo Jin Lee
- Animal Virology Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, BK21 Plus KNU Creative BioResearch Group, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Changhee Lee
- Animal Virology Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, BK21 Plus KNU Creative BioResearch Group, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea.
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Stagni F, Giacomini A, Emili M, Guidi S, Bartesaghi R. Neurogenesis impairment: An early developmental defect in Down syndrome. Free Radic Biol Med 2018; 114:15-32. [PMID: 28756311 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2017.07.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2017] [Revised: 07/24/2017] [Accepted: 07/25/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Down syndrome (DS) is characterized by brain hypotrophy and intellectual disability starting from early life stages. Accumulating evidence shows that the phenotypic features of the DS brain can be traced back to the fetal period since the DS brain exhibits proliferation potency reduction starting from the critical time window of fetal neurogenesis. This defect is worsened by the fact that neural progenitor cells exhibit reduced acquisition of a neuronal phenotype and an increase in the acquisition of an astrocytic phenotype. Consequently, the DS brain has fewer neurons in comparison with the typical brain. Although apoptotic cell death may be increased in DS, this does not seem to be the major cause of brain hypocellularity. Evidence obtained in brains of individuals with DS, DS-derived induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs), and DS mouse models has provided some insight into the mechanisms underlying the developmental defects due to the trisomic condition. Although many triplicated genes may be involved, in the light of the studies reviewed here, DYRK1A, APP, RCAN1 and OLIG1/2 appear to be particularly important determinants of many neurodevelopmental alterations that characterize DS because their triplication affects both the proliferation and fate of neural precursor cells as well as apoptotic cell death. Based on the evidence reviewed here, pathways downstream to these genes may represent strategic targets, for the design of possible interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fiorenza Stagni
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Andrea Giacomini
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Marco Emili
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Sandra Guidi
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Renata Bartesaghi
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.
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Wu D, Shi J, Elmadhoun O, Duan Y, An H, Zhang J, He X, Meng R, Liu X, Ji X, Ding Y. Dihydrocapsaicin (DHC) enhances the hypothermia-induced neuroprotection following ischemic stroke via PI3K/Akt regulation in rat. Brain Res 2017; 1671:18-25. [PMID: 28684048 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2017.06.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2017] [Revised: 06/27/2017] [Accepted: 06/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Hypothermia has demonstrated neuroprotection following ischemia in preclinical studies while its clinical application is still very limited. The aim of this study was to explore whether combining local hypothermia in ischemic territory achieved by intra-arterial cold infusions (IACIs) with pharmacologically induced hypothermia enhances therapeutic outcomes, as well as the underlying mechanism. METHODS Sprague-Dawley rats were subjected to right middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) for 2h using intraluminal hollow filament. The ischemic rats were randomized to receive: 1) pharmacological hypothermia by intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection of dihydrocapsaicin (DHC); 2) physical hypothermia by IACIs for 10min; or 3) the combined treatments. Extent of brain injury was determined by neurological deficit, infarct volume, and apoptotic cell death at 24h and/or 7d following reperfusion. ATP and ROS levels were measured. Expression of p-Akt, cleaved Caspase-3, pro-apoptotic (AIF, Bax) and anti-apoptotic proteins (Bcl-2, Bcl-xL) was evaluated at 24h. Finally, PI3K inhibitor was used to determine the effect of p-Akt. RESULTS DHC or IACIs each exhibited hypothermic effect and neuroprotection in rat MCAO models. The combination of pharmacological and physical approaches led to a faster and sustained reduction in brain temperatures and improved ischemia-induced injury than either alone (P<0.01). Furthermore, the combination treatment favorably increased the expression of anti-apoptotic proteins and decreased pro-apoptotic protein levels (P<0.01 or 0.05). This neuroprotective effect was largely blocked by p-Akt inhibition, indicating a potential role of Akt pathway in this mechanism (P<0.01 or 0.05). CONCLUSIONS The combination approach is able to enhance the efficiency of hypothermia and efficacy of hypothermia-induced neuroprotection following ischemic stroke. The findings here move us a step closer towards translating this long recognized TH from bench to bedside.
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Affiliation(s)
- Di Wu
- China-America Institute of Neuroscience, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Hypoxia Conditioning Translational Medicine, Beijing, China; Center of Stroke, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing, China
| | - Jingfei Shi
- China-America Institute of Neuroscience, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Hypoxia Conditioning Translational Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Omar Elmadhoun
- Department of Neurosurgery, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Yunxia Duan
- China-America Institute of Neuroscience, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Hong An
- China-America Institute of Neuroscience, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Jun Zhang
- China-America Institute of Neuroscience, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoduo He
- China-America Institute of Neuroscience, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Ran Meng
- China-America Institute of Neuroscience, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiangrong Liu
- China-America Institute of Neuroscience, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xunming Ji
- China-America Institute of Neuroscience, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; Center of Stroke, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing, China.
| | - Yuchuan Ding
- China-America Institute of Neuroscience, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; Department of Neurosurgery, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
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Xu J, Wu Y, Lu G, Xie S, Ma Z, Chen Z, Shen HM, Xia D. Importance of ROS-mediated autophagy in determining apoptotic cell death induced by physapubescin B. Redox Biol 2017; 12:198-207. [PMID: 28258023 PMCID: PMC5333534 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2017.02.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2017] [Revised: 02/22/2017] [Accepted: 02/23/2017] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Physapubescin B, a steroidal compound extracted from the plant Physalis pubescens L. (Solanaceae), has been reported to possess anti-cancer potential, whereas the molecular mechanism remains elusive. In this study, we first demonstrated that physapubescin B induced autophagy in human cancer cells based on the evidence that physapubescin B increased lipidation of microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3 (LC3) as well as number of GFP-LC3 puncta. We further examined the molecular mechanisms and found that physapubescin B enhanced the autophagic flux through promotion of reactive oxygen species (ROS)-mediated suppression of mammalian target of rapamycin complex I (mTORC1), the key negative regulator of autophagy. Additionally, excessive ROS caused by physapubescin B also induced p53-dependent apoptotic cell death. Furthermore, we provided evidence that inhibition of autophagy either by a chemical inhibitor or gene silencing promoted physapubescin B-induced apoptotic cell death, indicating that autophagy serves as a cell survival mechanism to protect cell death. Thus, our data provide a clue that inhibition of autophagy would serve as a novel strategy for enhancing the anti-cancer potential of physapubescin B.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Xu
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Zhejiang University, 866 Yu-Hang-Tang Road, Hangzhou 310058, PR China
| | - Yihua Wu
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Zhejiang University, 866 Yu-Hang-Tang Road, Hangzhou 310058, PR China
| | - Guang Lu
- Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Shujun Xie
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Zhejiang University, 866 Yu-Hang-Tang Road, Hangzhou 310058, PR China
| | - Zhongjun Ma
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, 866 Yu-Hang-Tang Road, Hangzhou 310058, PR China
| | - Zhe Chen
- Chinese Traditional Medicine Hospital of Zhejiang Province, No. 54 You-Dian Road, Hangzhou 310006, PR China
| | - Han-Ming Shen
- Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore.
| | - Dajing Xia
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Zhejiang University, 866 Yu-Hang-Tang Road, Hangzhou 310058, PR China.
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Broecker-Preuss M, Becher-Boveleth N, Müller S, Mann K. The BH3 mimetic drug ABT-737 induces apoptosis and acts synergistically with chemotherapeutic drugs in thyroid carcinoma cells. Cancer Cell Int 2016; 16:27. [PMID: 27042160 PMCID: PMC4818940 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-016-0303-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2015] [Accepted: 03/24/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Patients with dedifferentiated and anaplastic thyroid carcinomas that do not take up radioiodine are resistant to chemotherapeutic treatment and external irradiation and thus are difficult to treat. Direct induction of apoptosis is a promising approach in these apoptosis-resistant tumor cells. The BH3 mimetic ABT-737 belongs to a new class of drugs that target anti-apoptotic proteins of the BCL-2 family and facilitate cell death. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of ABT-737 alone or in combination with chemotherapeutic drugs on thyroid carcinoma cell lines. METHODS A total of 16 cell lines derived from follicular, papillary, and anaplastic thyroid carcinomas were treated with ABT-737. Cell viability was measured with MTT assay. Cell death was determined by cell cycle phase distribution and subG1 peak analyses, determination of caspase 3/7 activity and caspase cleavage products, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) liberation assays and LC3 analysis by western blot. RESULTS The number of viable cells was decreased in all cell lines examined after ABT-737 treatment, with IC50 values ranging from 0.73 to 15.6 μM. Biochemical markers of apoptosis like caspase activities, caspase cleavage products and DNA fragmentation determined as SubG1 peak were elevated after ABT-737 treatment, but no LC3 cleavage was induced by ABT-737 indicating no autophagic processes. In combination with doxorubicin and gemcitabine, ABT-737 showed synergistic effects on cell viability. CONCLUSIONS With these experiments we demonstrated the efficacy of the BH3 mimetic drug ABT-737 against dedifferentiated thyroid carcinoma cells of various histological origins and showed synergistic effects with chemotherapeutic drugs. ABT-737-treated cells underwent an apoptotic cell death. ABT-737 and related BH3 mimetic drugs, alone or in combination, may thus be of value as a new therapeutic option for dedifferentiated thyroid carcinomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Broecker-Preuss
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Division of Laboratory Research, University Hospital Essen, Hufelandstr. 55, 45122 Essen, Germany ; Department of Clinical Chemistry, University Hospital Essen, Hufelandstr. 55, Essen, Germany
| | - Nina Becher-Boveleth
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Division of Laboratory Research, University Hospital Essen, Hufelandstr. 55, 45122 Essen, Germany ; Clinic of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Essen, Hufelandstr. 55, Essen, Germany
| | - Stefan Müller
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Essen, Hufelandstr. 55, 45122 Essen, Germany
| | - Klaus Mann
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Division of Laboratory Research, University Hospital Essen, Hufelandstr. 55, 45122 Essen, Germany ; Center of Endocrinology Alter Hof München, Dienerstr. 12, Munich, Germany
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Yun SM, Woo SH, Oh ST, Hong SE, Choe TB, Ye SK, Kim EK, Seong MK, Kim HA, Noh WC, Lee JK, Jin HO, Lee YH, Park IC. Melatonin enhances arsenic trioxide-induced cell death via sustained upregulation of Redd1 expression in breast cancer cells. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2016; 422:64-73. [PMID: 26607805 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2015.11.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2015] [Revised: 10/24/2015] [Accepted: 11/12/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Melatonin is implicated in various physiological functions, including anticancer activity. However, the mechanism(s) of its anticancer activity is not well understood. In the present study, we investigated the combined effects of melatonin and arsenic trioxide (ATO) on cell death in human breast cancer cells. Melatonin enhanced the ATO-induced apoptotic cell death via changes in the protein levels of Survivin, Bcl-2, and Bax, thus affecting cytochrome c release from the mitochondria to the cytosol. Interestingly, we found that the cell death induced by co-treatment with melatonin and ATO was mediated by sustained upregulation of Redd1, which was associated with increased production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Combined treatment with melatonin and ATO induced the phosphorylation of JNK and p38 MAP kinase downstream from Redd1 expression. Rapamycin and S6K1 siRNA enhanced, while activation of mTORC1 by transfection with TSC2 siRNA suppressed the cell death induced by melatonin and ATO treatment. Taken together, our findings suggest that melatonin enhances ATO-induced apoptotic cell death via sustained upregulation of Redd1 expression and inhibition of mTORC1 upstream of the activation of the p38/JNK pathways in human breast cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sun-Mi Yun
- Division of Radiation Cancer Research, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences, 75 Nowon-ro, Nowon-gu, Seoul 139-706, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Hyeok Woo
- Division of Radiation Cancer Research, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences, 75 Nowon-ro, Nowon-gu, Seoul 139-706, Republic of Korea; KIRAMS Radiation Biobank, Korea Institute of Radiological & Medical Sciences, 75 Nowon-ro, Nowon-gu, Seoul 139-709, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Taek Oh
- Department of Radiation Oncology, College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Seoul 120-752, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Eun Hong
- Division of Radiation Cancer Research, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences, 75 Nowon-ro, Nowon-gu, Seoul 139-706, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae-Boo Choe
- Department of Microbiological Engineering, Kon-Kuk University, 120 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 143-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Kyu Ye
- Department of Pharmacology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 103 Daehangno, Jongno-gu Seoul 110-799, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun-Kyu Kim
- Department of Surgery, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, 82 Gumi-ro, 173 Beon-gil, Bundang-gu, Seongnam-si, Gyenggi-do 463-707, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Ki Seong
- Department of Surgery, Korea Cancer Center Hospital, Korea Institute of Radiological & Medical Sciences, 215-4 Gongneung-dong, Nowon-gu, Seoul 139-706, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun-A Kim
- Department of Surgery, Korea Cancer Center Hospital, Korea Institute of Radiological & Medical Sciences, 215-4 Gongneung-dong, Nowon-gu, Seoul 139-706, Republic of Korea
| | - Woo Chul Noh
- Department of Surgery, Korea Cancer Center Hospital, Korea Institute of Radiological & Medical Sciences, 215-4 Gongneung-dong, Nowon-gu, Seoul 139-706, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Kyung Lee
- KIRAMS Radiation Biobank, Korea Institute of Radiological & Medical Sciences, 75 Nowon-ro, Nowon-gu, Seoul 139-709, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeon-Ok Jin
- KIRAMS Radiation Biobank, Korea Institute of Radiological & Medical Sciences, 75 Nowon-ro, Nowon-gu, Seoul 139-709, Republic of Korea
| | - Yun-Han Lee
- Department of Radiation Oncology, College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Seoul 120-752, Republic of Korea.
| | - In-Chul Park
- Division of Radiation Cancer Research, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences, 75 Nowon-ro, Nowon-gu, Seoul 139-706, Republic of Korea.
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Kim GH, Kim HI, Paik SS, Jung SW, Kang S, Kim IB. Functional and morphological evaluation of blue light-emitting diode-induced retinal degeneration in mice. Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol 2016; 254:705-16. [PMID: 26743754 DOI: 10.1007/s00417-015-3258-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2015] [Revised: 11/17/2015] [Accepted: 12/24/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to evaluate a retinal degeneration (RD) model induced by exposing mice to a blue light-emitting diode (LED), which led to photoreceptor cell death. METHODS RD was induced in BALB/c mice by exposure to a blue LED (460 nm) for 2 hours. Retinal function was examined using scotopic electroretinography (ERG). Histopathological changes were assessed by hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining and electron microscopy. Apoptotic cell death was evaluated by terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) assay. In addition, retinal inflammation and oxidative stress were evaluated by immunohistochemistry with anti-glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) and anti-8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG), respectively. RESULTS Scotopic ERG showed that blue LED exposure resulted in a decrease in both a-waves and b-waves in mice retinas in an illuminance-dependent manner. H&E, TUNEL assay, and electron microscopy revealed massive photoreceptor cell death by apoptosis in the central region of the retina. Retinal stress and inflammation were detected by increased expression of GFAP and by electron microscopy findings demonstrating microglia infiltration in the outer nuclear layer and subretinal space. In addition, increased labeling of 8-OHdG was observed in the retinas from blue LED exposure. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that blue LED-induced RD may be a useful animal model in which to study the pathogenesis of RD, including age-related macular degeneration, and to evaluate the effects of new therapeutic agents prior to clinical trials, where oxidative stress and inflammation are the underlying RD mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gyu Hyun Kim
- Department of Anatomy, Catholic Neuroscience Institute, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, 505 Banpo-dong, Seocho-gu, Seoul, 137-701, Korea
| | - Hyung Il Kim
- Gyeongju St. Mary's Eye Clinic, 293 Wonhwa-ro, Gyeongju-si, Gyeongsangbuk-do, 780-946, Korea
| | - Sun-Sook Paik
- Department of Anatomy, Catholic Neuroscience Institute, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, 505 Banpo-dong, Seocho-gu, Seoul, 137-701, Korea
| | - Sung Won Jung
- Department of Anatomy, Catholic Neuroscience Institute, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, 505 Banpo-dong, Seocho-gu, Seoul, 137-701, Korea
| | - Seungbum Kang
- Department of Ophthalmology, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, 505 Banpo-dong, Seocho-gu, Seoul, 137-701, Korea
| | - In-Beom Kim
- Department of Anatomy, Catholic Neuroscience Institute, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, 505 Banpo-dong, Seocho-gu, Seoul, 137-701, Korea. .,Catholic Institute for Applied Anatomy, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, 505 Banpo-dong, Seocho-gu, Seoul, 137-701, Korea.
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Tarhan L, Nakipoğlu M, Kavakcıoğlu B, Tongul B, Nalbantsoy A. The Induction of Growth Inhibition and Apoptosis in HeLa and MCF-7 Cells by Teucrium sandrasicum, Having Effective Antioxidant Properties. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2016; 178:1028-41. [PMID: 26578148 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-015-1926-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2015] [Accepted: 11/09/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
The hidromethanolic (Met/W), ethyl acetate (EA(EA/W)), and water (W(EA/W)) extracts from Teucrium sandrasicum leaves (L) and flowers (F) were investigated for antioxidant properties and antiproliferative effects on HeLa, MCF-7, and L929. The highest DPPH scavenging, metal chelating capacities, and total phenolic and flavonoid contents were observed in Met/WL. The highest hydroxyl scavenging and reducing power capacities were found in EA(EA/W)L. Met/WL, EA(EA/W)L and EA(EA/W)F inhibited cancer cell growths, while they did not show significant cytotoxicity on L929. While the reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels were generally close to controls in HeLa, they were induced in MCF-7 with the treatment of Met/WL, EA(EA/W)L, and EA(EA/W)F and acted as antioxidant for L929. The highest apoptosis inductions were observed in Met/WL-treated HeLa and EA(EA/W)L-treated MCF-7, which were supported with the changes in mitochondrial membrane potentials. The highest caspase-9 activities were found in Met/WL-treated HeLa and EA(EA/W)F-treated MCF-7. Caspase-3 activity was only induced in EA(EA/W)F-treated HeLa.
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Lee IK, Lee SA, Kim H, Won YS, Kim BJ. Induction of endoplasmic reticulum-derived oxidative stress by an occult infection related S surface antigen variant. World J Gastroenterol 2015; 21:6872-6883. [PMID: 26078563 PMCID: PMC4462727 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v21.i22.6872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2014] [Revised: 01/28/2015] [Accepted: 02/13/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To investigate the mechanism of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress induction by an occult infection related hepatitis B virus S surface antigen (HBsAg) variant.
METHODS: We used an HBsAg variant with lower secretion capacity, which was a KD variant from a Korean subject who was occultly infected with the genotype C. We compared the expression profiles of ER stress-related proteins between HuH-7 cells transfected with HBsAg plasmids of a wild-type and a KD variant using Western blot.
RESULTS: Confocal microscopy indicated that the KD variant had higher levels of co-localization with ER than the wild-type HBsAg. The KD variant up-regulated ER stress-related proteins and induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) compared to the wild-type via an increase in calcium. The KD variant also down-regulated anti-oxidant proteins (HO-1, catalase and SOD) compared to the wild-type, which indicates positive amplification loops of the ER-ROS axis. The KD variant also induced apoptotic cell death via the up-regulation of caspase proteins (caspase 6, 9 and 12). Furthermore, the KD variant induced a higher level of nitric oxide than wild-type HBsAg via the up-regulation of the iNOS protein.
CONCLUSION: Our data indicate that occult infection related HBsAg variants can lead to ER-derived oxidative stress and liver cell death in HuH-7 cells.
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Yun JH, Park YG, Lee KM, Kim J, Nho CW. Curcumin induces apoptotic cell death via Oct4 inhibition and GSK-3β activation in NCCIT cells. Mol Nutr Food Res 2015; 59:1053-62. [PMID: 25755051 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201400739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2014] [Revised: 01/16/2015] [Accepted: 02/16/2015] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
SCOPE Octamer-binding transcription factor 4 (Oct4) is a key regulator of pluripotent embryonic stem cell maintenance. However, increasing evidence has suggested that Oct4 is also expressed in cancer stem cells (CSCs) and is associated with tumor progression and chemoresistance. Curcumin (CUR) is a widely used cancer chemopreventive agent, and it has been used to treat several diseases including cancers. Here, we investigated whether CUR-induced apoptotic cell death by inhibiting Oct4 levels and examining molecular mechanisms in NCCIT human embryonic carcinoma cells. METHODS AND RESULTS CUR significantly inhibited Oct4 transcription levels in a dose-dependent manner by dual luciferase experiment, also decreased mRNA and protein levels in NCCIT human embryonic carcinoma cells, which express high levels of endogenous Oct4. Interestingly, we found that CUR treatment increased apoptotic cell death including subG0/G1 contents, cleavage caspases, and pro-apoptotic protein, as confirmed with a series of loss-of-function experiments using Oct4 siRNA. Furthermore, CUR induced marked total level of glycogen synthase kinase 3 beta (GSK-3β), resulting in an increase in apoptotic cell death, was evaluated using chemical inhibitor of GSK3-3β. CONCLUSION These data suggest that CUR induces apoptotic cell death through Oct4 inhibition and GSK-3β activation. Thus, CUR may be a useful cancer chemopreventive agent to suppress tumor progression or to improve chemoresistance by eliminating CSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Ho Yun
- Natural Products Research Center, KIST Gangneung Institute, Gangneung, Gangwon-do, Korea.,Department of Life Science, Sogang University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Young Gyun Park
- Natural Products Research Center, KIST Gangneung Institute, Gangneung, Gangwon-do, Korea.,Department of Chemistry, Gangneung-Wonju National University, Gangneung, Gangwon-do, Korea
| | - Kyung-Mi Lee
- Natural Products Research Center, KIST Gangneung Institute, Gangneung, Gangwon-do, Korea
| | - Jungho Kim
- Department of Life Science, Sogang University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Chu Won Nho
- Natural Products Research Center, KIST Gangneung Institute, Gangneung, Gangwon-do, Korea
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Xu L, Li Y, Fu Q, Ma S. Perillaldehyde attenuates cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury-triggered overexpression of inflammatory cytokines via modulating Akt/JNK pathway in the rat brain cortex. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2014; 454:65-70. [PMID: 25445600 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2014.10.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2014] [Accepted: 10/07/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Perillaldehyde (PAH), one of the major oil components in Perilla frutescens, has anti-inflammatory effects. Few studies have examined the neuroprotective effect of PAH on stroke. So the aim of our study is to investigate the effect of PAH on ischemia-reperfusion-induced injury in the rat brain cortex. Middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) model was selected to make cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury. Rats were assigned randomly to groups of sham, MCAO, and two treatment groups by PAH at 36.0, 72.0mg/kg. Disease model was set up after intragastrically (i.g.) administering for 7 consecutive days. The neurological deficit, the cerebral infarct size, biochemical parameters and the relative mRNA and protein levels were examined. The results showed that the NO level, the iNOS activity, the neurological deficit scores, the cerebral infarct size and the expression of inflammatory cytokines including interleukin (IL)-1β, interleukin (IL)-6 and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α were significantly decreased by PAH treatment. PAH also increased the Phospho-Akt level and decrease the Phospho-JNK level by Western blot analysis. Meanwhile, the PAH groups exhibited a dramatically decrease of apoptosis-related mRNA expression such as Bax and caspase-3. Our findings shown that PAH attenuates cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury in the rat brain cortex, and suggest its neuroprotective effect is relate to regulating the inflammatory response through Akt /JNK pathway. The activation of this signalling pathway eventually inhibits apoptotic cell death induced by cerebral ischemia-reperfusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lixing Xu
- Department of Pharmacology of Chinese Materia Medica, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, PR China
| | - Yuebi Li
- Department of Pharmacology of Chinese Materia Medica, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, PR China
| | - Qiang Fu
- Department of Pharmacology of Chinese Materia Medica, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, PR China.
| | - Shiping Ma
- Department of Pharmacology of Chinese Materia Medica, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, PR China.
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Kim Y, Lee C. Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus induces caspase-independent apoptosis through activation of mitochondrial apoptosis-inducing factor. Virology 2014; 460-461:180-93. [PMID: 25010284 PMCID: PMC7127720 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2014.04.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2014] [Revised: 04/16/2014] [Accepted: 04/30/2014] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The present study sought to investigate whether porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) induces apoptosis and to elucidate the mechanisms associated with apoptotic cell death after PEDV infection. PEDV-infected cells showed evidence of apoptosis in vitro and in vivo. However, experimental data indicated that the caspase cascade is not involved in PEDV-induced apoptotic cell death. Interestingly, mitochondrial apoptosis-inducing factor (AIF) was found to translocate to the nucleus during PEDV infection, and AIF relocalization was completely abrogated by the presence of cyclosporin A (CsA), an inhibitor of cyclophilin D (CypD) that is an essential component of the mitochondrial permeabilization transition pore (mPTP) complex. CsA treatment resulted in significant inhibition of PEDV-triggered apoptosis and suppressed PEDV replication. Furthermore, direct inhibition of AIF strongly impaired PEDV infection and virus-induced apoptosis. Altogether, our results indicate that a caspase-independent mitochondrial AIF-mediated pathway plays a central role in PEDV-induced apoptosis to facilitate viral replication and pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youngnam Kim
- Animal Virology Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, BK21 Plus KNU Creative BioResearch Group, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 702-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Changhee Lee
- Animal Virology Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, BK21 Plus KNU Creative BioResearch Group, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 702-701, Republic of Korea.
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Zeng W, Su M, Anderson KS, Sasada T. Artificial antigen-presenting cells expressing CD80, CD70, and 4-1BB ligand efficiently expand functional T cells specific to tumor-associated antigens. Immunobiology 2014; 219:583-92. [PMID: 24713579 DOI: 10.1016/j.imbio.2014.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2013] [Revised: 07/09/2013] [Accepted: 03/12/2014] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Professional antigen-presenting cells (APCs), notably dendritic cells (DCs), are the most potent for expanding antigen-specific T cells ex vivo. However, the labor-intensive and expensive procedure for customized preparation of autologous APCs has hampered their broad clinical application. Artificial APC (aAPC) systems, which can be readily prepared from off-the-shelf components, have been proposed as a promising alternative to custom-made professional APCs. Here, in order to develop a novel aAPC system, we established K562 erythroleukemia cells expressing different combinations of co-stimulatory molecule ligands, CD80, CD70, and/or 4-1BB ligand (4-1BBL). When nucleofected with in vitro-generated mRNA encoding a tumor-associated antigen, MART-1, the K562 cells expressing all of CD80, CD70, and 4-1BBL were the most efficient for expansion of functional T cells specific to an HLA-A2-restricted immunodominant epitope, MART-126-35. In addition, only the K562 cells expressing all three of these co-stimulatory molecule ligands could clearly expand T cells specific to other less immunogenic antigen epitopes, gp100154-162 and Cyp1B1239-247, through transfection with in vitro generated gp100 and Cyp1B1 mRNA, respectively. These results indicated that non-redundant and synergistic effects of co-stimulation via CD28/CD80, CD27/CD70, and 4-1BB/4-1BBL might be critical for eliciting efficient expansion of T cells; co-stimulation via the 4-1BB/4-1BBL interaction might expand antigen-specific T cells by preventing apoptotic cell death triggered by specific antigens in the presence of the CD28/CD80 and CD27/CD70 signaling. Taken together, our findings suggested that this K562-based aAPC system expressing CD80, CD70, and 4-1BBL would be useful for efficiently stimulating functional antigen-specific T cells ex vivo, in particular when detailed information on the epitope specificities is unavailable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanyong Zeng
- Cancer Vaccine Center, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Mei Su
- Cancer Vaccine Center, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Karen S Anderson
- Cancer Vaccine Center, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Tetsuro Sasada
- Cancer Vaccine Center, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Immunology and Immunotherapy, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume, Japan.
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Geng X, Parmar S, Li X, Peng C, Ji X, Chakraborty T, Li WA, Du H, Tan X, Ling F, Guthikonda M, Rafols JA, Ding Y. Reduced apoptosis by combining normobaric oxygenation with ethanol in transient ischemic stroke. Brain Res 2013; 1531:17-24. [PMID: 23920008 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2013.07.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2013] [Revised: 07/22/2013] [Accepted: 07/29/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE The effect of normobaric oxygen (NBO) on apoptosis remains controversial. The present study evaluated the effect of NBO on ischemia-induced apoptosis and assessed the potential for improved outcomes by combining NBO administration with another neuroprotective agent, ethanol, in a rat stroke model. METHODS Rats were subjected to right middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) for 2h. At the onset of reperfusion, ischemic animals received either NBO (2h duration), an intraperitoneal injection of ethanol (1.0g/kg), or both NBO and ethanol. Extent of brain injury was determined by infarct volume, neurological deficit, and apoptotic cell death. Expression of pro- and anti-apoptotic proteins was evaluated through Western immunoblotting. RESULTS Given alone, NBO and ethanol each slightly (p<0.05) reduced infarct volume to 38% and 37%, respectively, as compared to the impressive reduction of 51% (p<0.01) seen with combined NBO-ethanol administration. Neurologic deficits were also significantly reduced by 48% with combined NBO-ethanol therapy, as compared to lesser reductions of 24% and 23% with NBO or ethanol, respectively. Combined NBO-ethanol therapy decreased apoptotic cell death by 49%, as compared to 31% with NBO and 30% with ethanol. Similarly, combination therapy significantly increased expression of anti-apoptotic factors (Bcl-2 and Bcl-xL) and significantly reduced expression of pro-apoptotic proteins (BAX, Caspase-3, and AIF), as compared to the minimal or nil protein expression changes elicited by NBO or ethanol alone. CONCLUSIONS In rats subjected to ischemic stroke, NBO administration salvages ischemic brain tissue through evidenced decrease in apoptotic cell death. Combined NBO therapy with ethanol administration greatly improves both degree of neuroprotection and associated apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaokun Geng
- China-America Institute of Neuroscience, Luhe Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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Lee YJ, Lee DM, Lee SH. Production of Cyr61 protein is modulated by extracellular acidification and PI3K/Akt signaling in prostate carcinoma PC-3 cells. Food Chem Toxicol 2013; 58:169-76. [PMID: 23623839 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2013.04.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2013] [Revised: 03/21/2013] [Accepted: 04/13/2013] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
High expression of Cyr61, an extracellular cysteine-rich heparin-binding protein, has been associated with a malignant cell phenotype and poor outcome in prostate cancers. Although Cyr61 was found by us to be overproduced in androgen-independent PC-3 cells treated with N-acetylcysteine (NAC), its significance is still unclear. We therefore aimed to determine how and why Cyr61 protein is overexpressed in NAC-treated cells. Here, we found that Cyr61 protein level markedly increased in cells treated with NAC at high cell seeding density. Silencing of Cyr61 by siRNA induced enhanced activity of caspase-3/7, upregulation of the proapototic Bok, BimL and BimS, cleavage of apoptosis hallmarkers such as Bax, PARP and caspase-3, and downregulation of antiapoptotic Bcl2, Bcl-xL and Mcl-1 proteins. NAC treatment caused a reduction of extracellular medium pH to acidic and an increase in Akt phosphorylation, after which the replacement with NAC-free medium returned them to control levels within 24h. Acid stimulation increased the levels of Cyr61 and p-Akt proteins, whereas it suppressed the induction of proapoptotic and antiapoptotic proteins. Overall, our data indicate that PC-3 cells overproduce Cyr61 protein via activation of the PI3K/Akt signaling as a part of the survival mechanisms under the conditions causing extracellular acidity and further cytotoxicity.
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