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Millimono TM, Camara A, Mabiama G, Daffé M, Boumédiène F, Preux PM, Desport JC, Fayemendy P, Jésus P. Nutritional status and associated factors among the elderly in Guinea: a first national cross-sectional study. Sci Rep 2023; 13:15307. [PMID: 37723221 PMCID: PMC10507041 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-42494-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Aging of the Guinean population is a public health concern for the coming years, and the nutritional status of older people is virtually unknown. We also know that this population is growing and that undernutrition and obesity can affect the health of older adults. This study aimed to assess the nutritional status of older people in the general population of Guinea and its associated factors. A representative cross-sectional survey was conducted using sociodemographic, clinical, and anthropometric data (weight and height). Oral status was assessed by using the University of Nebraska Oral Status Scale. Visual acuity was assessed using the Monoyer scale. The standardized prevalence ratio (SPR) of the nutritional status was calculated for each region. The sample included 1698 subjects with a mean BMI of 22.6 ± 4.3 kg/m2. A total of 50.3% had impaired oral status and 20.3% had moderately to severely impaired visual acuity. The prevalence of undernutrition was 14.4% and of obesity 5.7%. Differences in the prevalence of nutritional status were found between regions, with an SPR > 1 for undernutrition in the Labé region (SPR 1.9, 95% CI = 1.5-2.5) and for obesity in the Conakry and Kindia regions (SPR of 2.90, 95% CI = 2.0-4.05 and 2.32, 95% CI = 1.5-3.3, respectively). In Guinea, The prevalence of nutritional disorders was approximately 20%. Screening and management of the health and nutritional status of older adults should be a national priority, and management should be adapted to each region of the country.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thierno Mamadou Millimono
- Inserm U1094, IRD U270, CHU Limoges, EpiMaCT - Epidemiology of Chronic Diseases in Tropical Zone, Institute of Epidemiology and Tropical Neurology, Univ. Limoges, OmegaHealth, NET - 2 rue du Dr Marcland, 87025, Limoges Cedex, France.
- Gamal Abdel Nasser University of Conakry, Conakry, Guinea.
| | - Alioune Camara
- Gamal Abdel Nasser University of Conakry, Conakry, Guinea
| | - Gustave Mabiama
- Inserm U1094, IRD U270, CHU Limoges, EpiMaCT - Epidemiology of Chronic Diseases in Tropical Zone, Institute of Epidemiology and Tropical Neurology, Univ. Limoges, OmegaHealth, NET - 2 rue du Dr Marcland, 87025, Limoges Cedex, France
- Department of Family and Home Economics, Advanced Teachers Training College for Technical Education (ATTCTE), University of Douala, Douala, Cameroon
| | - Mamady Daffé
- Gamal Abdel Nasser University of Conakry, Conakry, Guinea
- Ministry of Health and Public Hygiene, Food and Nutrition Division, Conakry, Guinea
| | - Farid Boumédiène
- Inserm U1094, IRD U270, CHU Limoges, EpiMaCT - Epidemiology of Chronic Diseases in Tropical Zone, Institute of Epidemiology and Tropical Neurology, Univ. Limoges, OmegaHealth, NET - 2 rue du Dr Marcland, 87025, Limoges Cedex, France
| | - Pierre-Marie Preux
- Inserm U1094, IRD U270, CHU Limoges, EpiMaCT - Epidemiology of Chronic Diseases in Tropical Zone, Institute of Epidemiology and Tropical Neurology, Univ. Limoges, OmegaHealth, NET - 2 rue du Dr Marcland, 87025, Limoges Cedex, France
| | - Jean-Claude Desport
- Inserm U1094, IRD U270, CHU Limoges, EpiMaCT - Epidemiology of Chronic Diseases in Tropical Zone, Institute of Epidemiology and Tropical Neurology, Univ. Limoges, OmegaHealth, NET - 2 rue du Dr Marcland, 87025, Limoges Cedex, France
- Resource Centre for Nutrition Nouvelle Aquitaine Region (CERENUT), Isle, France
| | - Philippe Fayemendy
- Inserm U1094, IRD U270, CHU Limoges, EpiMaCT - Epidemiology of Chronic Diseases in Tropical Zone, Institute of Epidemiology and Tropical Neurology, Univ. Limoges, OmegaHealth, NET - 2 rue du Dr Marcland, 87025, Limoges Cedex, France
- Resource Centre for Nutrition Nouvelle Aquitaine Region (CERENUT), Isle, France
- Nutrition Unit, University Hospital, Limoges, France
| | - Pierre Jésus
- Inserm U1094, IRD U270, CHU Limoges, EpiMaCT - Epidemiology of Chronic Diseases in Tropical Zone, Institute of Epidemiology and Tropical Neurology, Univ. Limoges, OmegaHealth, NET - 2 rue du Dr Marcland, 87025, Limoges Cedex, France
- Resource Centre for Nutrition Nouvelle Aquitaine Region (CERENUT), Isle, France
- Nutrition Unit, University Hospital, Limoges, France
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Cristina NM, Lucia D. Nutrition and Healthy Aging: Prevention and Treatment of Gastrointestinal Diseases. Nutrients 2021; 13:4337. [PMID: 34959889 PMCID: PMC8706789 DOI: 10.3390/nu13124337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2021] [Revised: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Nutritional well-being is a fundamental aspect for the health, autonomy and, therefore, the quality of life of all people, but especially of the elderly. It is estimated that at least half of non-institutionalized elderly people need nutritional intervention to improve their health and that 85% have one or more chronic diseases that could improve with correct nutrition. Although prevalence estimates are highly variable, depending on the population considered and the tool used for its assessment, malnutrition in the elderly has been reported up to 50%. Older patients are particularly at risk of malnutrition, due to multiple etiopathogenetic factors which can lead to a reduction or utilization in the intake of nutrients, a progressive loss of functional autonomy with dependence on food, and psychological problems related to economic or social isolation, e.g., linked to poverty or loneliness. Changes in the aging gut involve the mechanical disintegration of food, gastrointestinal motor function, food transit, intestinal wall function, and chemical digestion of food. These alterations progressively lead to the reduced ability to supply the body with adequate levels of nutrients, with the consequent development of malnutrition. Furthermore, studies have shown that the quality of life is impaired both in gastrointestinal diseases, but especially in malnutrition. A better understanding of the pathophysiology of malnutrition in elderly people is necessary to promote the knowledge of age-related changes in appetite, food intake, homeostasis, and body composition in order to better develop effective prevention and intervention strategies to achieve healthy aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neri Maria Cristina
- Division of Gastroenterology, Geriatric Institute Pio Albergo Trivulzio, 20146 Milan, Italy
| | - d’Alba Lucia
- Department of Gastroenterology and Endoscopy, San Camillo Forlanini Hospital, 00149 Rome, Italy;
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Mabiama G, Adiogo D, Preux PM, Desport JC, Fayemendy P, Jésus P. Nutritional status and associated factors among community-dwelling elderly. Clin Nutr ESPEN 2021; 45:220-228. [PMID: 34620321 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnesp.2021.08.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2021] [Revised: 07/30/2021] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Although the ageing of the Cameroonian population is a public health issue in the coming years, the nutritional status of the elderly is unknown. The aim of the study was to assess the nutritional status, health status and associated socio-demographic factors among elderly in Cameroon. METHODS A cross-sectional study of 599 elderly (aged ≥ 60) was conducted in urban and rural areas. Several socio-demographic, sanitary, and anthropometric (weight, height, body mass index (BMI), Waist Circumference (WC), Mid-Upper Arm Circumference (MUAC)) data were collected. Nutritional status was defined according to WHO. Multinomial analysis was performed to identify factors associated with nutritional status. The threshold of statistical significance was 5%. RESULTS The population, representative of the elderly, was aged 68.9 ± 7.2 years, with sex ratio M/F = 0.93, weight 68.5 ± 14.7 kg, BMI 24.7 ± 5.3, WC 90.1 ± 12.8 cm and MUAC 28.2 ± 5.0 cm. According to BMI, undernutrition was 19.7%, normal status 37.9%, overweight 24.9%, obesity 17.5%. The concordance for undernutrition between BMI and MUAC was weak (kappa = 0.3). In multinomial analysis, only no medication was negatively associated with undernutrition (OR = 0.3). Obesity was positively associated with the urban environment (OR = 4.8) and inactivity (OR = 2.9) and negatively associated with male gender (OR = 0.4), widowed (OR = 0.2), head of household (OR = 0.4), no income (OR = 0.3), one pathology (OR = 0.4), no medication (OR = 0.2), having normal diastolic pressure (OR = 0.2). CONCLUSIONS Undernutrition and obesity (more frequent in women, and in urban area) affect 37.2% of the elderly. These nutritional disorders are a public health problem that cannot be ignored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gustave Mabiama
- Inserm U1094, Univ. Limoges, CHU Limoges, IRD, U1094, Tropical Neuroepidemiology, Institute of Epidemiology and Tropical Neurology, GEIST, Limoges, 2 Rue Dr Marcland, 87000, Limoges, France; Microbiology, Immunology-Hematology and Morphologic Sciences Laboratory (LMIHSM), Doctoral Training Unit in Health Sciences (UFD-SCS), Doctoral School, Douala University, BP, 2701, Douala, Cameroon.
| | - Dieudonné Adiogo
- Microbiology, Immunology-Hematology and Morphologic Sciences Laboratory (LMIHSM), Doctoral Training Unit in Health Sciences (UFD-SCS), Doctoral School, Douala University, BP, 2701, Douala, Cameroon
| | - Pierre Marie Preux
- Inserm U1094, Univ. Limoges, CHU Limoges, IRD, U1094, Tropical Neuroepidemiology, Institute of Epidemiology and Tropical Neurology, GEIST, Limoges, 2 Rue Dr Marcland, 87000, Limoges, France
| | - Jean-Claude Desport
- Inserm U1094, Univ. Limoges, CHU Limoges, IRD, U1094, Tropical Neuroepidemiology, Institute of Epidemiology and Tropical Neurology, GEIST, Limoges, 2 Rue Dr Marcland, 87000, Limoges, France; Health Network of the Nouvelle Aquitaine Regional Health Agency Limousin Nutrition (LINUT), Isle, 16 Rue Du Cluzeau, 87170, Isle, France
| | - Philippe Fayemendy
- Inserm U1094, Univ. Limoges, CHU Limoges, IRD, U1094, Tropical Neuroepidemiology, Institute of Epidemiology and Tropical Neurology, GEIST, Limoges, 2 Rue Dr Marcland, 87000, Limoges, France; Health Network of the Nouvelle Aquitaine Regional Health Agency Limousin Nutrition (LINUT), Isle, 16 Rue Du Cluzeau, 87170, Isle, France
| | - Pierre Jésus
- Inserm U1094, Univ. Limoges, CHU Limoges, IRD, U1094, Tropical Neuroepidemiology, Institute of Epidemiology and Tropical Neurology, GEIST, Limoges, 2 Rue Dr Marcland, 87000, Limoges, France; Health Network of the Nouvelle Aquitaine Regional Health Agency Limousin Nutrition (LINUT), Isle, 16 Rue Du Cluzeau, 87170, Isle, France
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Kehoe L, Walton J, McNulty BA, Nugent AP, Flynn A. Energy, Macronutrients, Dietary Fibre and Salt Intakes in Older Adults in Ireland: Key Sources and Compliance with Recommendations. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13030876. [PMID: 33800312 PMCID: PMC8001736 DOI: 10.3390/nu13030876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2020] [Revised: 02/03/2021] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The global population is rapidly ageing. Adequate nutritional status can play a key role in preventing or delaying the progression of age-related diseases. The aim of this study was to estimate the usual intake of energy, macronutrients, dietary fibre and salt in order to determine compliance with recommendations and to identify the sources of these nutrients in older adults (≥65 years) in Ireland. This study is based on data from the cohort of older adults aged ≥65 years (n = 226) in the Irish National Adult Nutrition Survey (NANS) (2008-2010) which estimated food and nutrient intakes in a representative sample of adults 18-90 years using a 4 day weighed food record. This study found that while intakes of macronutrients are generally sufficient in this population group, older adults in Ireland have high intakes of total fat, saturated fat, sugar and salt and low intakes of dietary fibre. Future strategies to address the nutritional issues identified in older adults could include the promotion of healthy food choices together with improvements of the food supply including reformulation (fat, sugar and salt) to support successful ageing of our population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Kehoe
- School of Food & Nutritional Sciences, University College Cork, T12 K8AF Cork, Ireland; (J.W.); (A.F.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +353-(0)21-490-3387
| | - Janette Walton
- School of Food & Nutritional Sciences, University College Cork, T12 K8AF Cork, Ireland; (J.W.); (A.F.)
- Department of Biological Sciences, Munster Technological University, T12 P928 Cork, Ireland
| | - Breige A. McNulty
- UCD Institute of Food & Health, University College Dublin, Belfield, D04 V1W8 Dublin, Ireland; (B.A.M.); (A.P.N.)
| | - Anne P. Nugent
- UCD Institute of Food & Health, University College Dublin, Belfield, D04 V1W8 Dublin, Ireland; (B.A.M.); (A.P.N.)
- Institute for Global Food Security, Queens University Belfast, Belfast BT7 1NN, UK
| | - Albert Flynn
- School of Food & Nutritional Sciences, University College Cork, T12 K8AF Cork, Ireland; (J.W.); (A.F.)
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Abstract
Population ageing is rapidly progressing and it is estimated that by 2050 one in every five people globally will be aged 60 years or over. Research has shown that adequate nutritional status can positively impact the ageing process, resulting in improved quality of life and the prevention of chronic disease and mortality. However, due to physiological and social changes associated with ageing, older adults may be at increased risk of nutrient deficiencies. This review aims to investigate the nutrient intake and status of older adults in Europe and to explore the potential role of fortified foods and nutritional supplements in addressing some of the nutritional challenges identified in this population group. The available literature has highlighted unfavourable intakes of total and saturated fat, sugar, salt and dietary fibre together with low intakes and suboptimal status of key micronutrients such as vitamins D, B2, B12, folate and calcium. Evidence has shown that the consumption of fortified foods and use of nutritional supplements make significant contributions to intakes and status of these micronutrients in older adults. Continued monitoring of nutrient intake and status is important in light of changing fortification practices and food consumption patterns. Future strategies to address the nutritional issues identified in older adults could include the promotion of healthy food choices together with improvements of the food supply including reformulation (fat, sugar and salt), food fortification or supplementation to support successful ageing of our populations.
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Cruz-Góngora VDL, Martínez-Tapia B, Cuevas-Nasu L, Flores-Aldana M, Shamah-Levy T. Dietary intake and adequacy of energy and nutrients in Mexican older adults: results from two National Health and Nutrition Surveys. SALUD PUBLICA DE MEXICO 2018; 59:285-298. [PMID: 28902316 DOI: 10.21149/7851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2016] [Accepted: 02/24/2017] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective: To describe energy and nutrient intakes and their adequacies in older Mexican adults participating in the National Health and Nutrition Survey (Ensanut) 2006 and 2012. Materials and methods: Dietary information was obtained through a semiquantitative food frequency questionnaire (SFFQ) from 526 adults 60 y and older participating in Ensanut 2012 and 3 326 in Ensanut 2006 in Mexico. Quantile and logistic regression models were used to obtain medians and marginal effects of each nutrient, adjusting by confounders and survey design. Results: Dietary intake of energy and nutrients was similar in both surveys. Most common micronutrients at risk of dietary deficiency were, for vitamins: A, B-12, C, D and folate, and for minerals: calcium, iron and zinc, in both surveys. Excessive intake of sugar and saturated fat and low fiber intake were common. Conclusions: Diet in older Mexican adults is low in micronutrient essentials, and excessive in fat and sugar. Attention to the diet in this age group through targeted interventions is necessary to promote a healthy diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa De la Cruz-Góngora
- Center for Nutrition and Health Research, National Institute of Public Health. Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
| | - Brenda Martínez-Tapia
- Center for Nutrition and Health Research, National Institute of Public Health. Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
| | - Lucía Cuevas-Nasu
- Center for Nutrition and Health Research, National Institute of Public Health. Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
| | - Mario Flores-Aldana
- Center for Nutrition and Health Research, National Institute of Public Health. Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
| | - Teresa Shamah-Levy
- Center for Nutrition and Health Research, National Institute of Public Health. Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
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Napier CE, Oldewage-Theron WH, Grobbelaar HH. Testing of developed Food Based Dietary Guidelines for the elderly in South Africa. SOUTH AFRICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/16070658.2017.1388560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- CE Napier
- Food and Nutrition, Durban University of Technology – Steve Biko Campus , Durban, South Africa
| | - WH Oldewage-Theron
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Texas Tech University , Lubbock, TX, USA
| | - HH Grobbelaar
- Food and Nutrition, Durban University of Technology – Steve Biko Campus , Durban, South Africa
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Allès B, Samieri C, Lorrain S, Jutand MA, Carmichael PH, Shatenstein B, Gaudreau P, Payette H, Laurin D, Barberger-Gateau P. Nutrient Patterns and Their Food Sources in Older Persons from France and Quebec: Dietary and Lifestyle Characteristics. Nutrients 2016; 8:225. [PMID: 27104557 PMCID: PMC4848693 DOI: 10.3390/nu8040225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2015] [Revised: 03/24/2016] [Accepted: 03/31/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Dietary and nutrient patterns have been linked to health outcomes related to aging. Food intake is influenced by environmental and genetic factors. The aim of the present study was to compare nutrient patterns across two elderly populations sharing a common ancestral cultural background, but living in different environments. Methods: The diet quality, lifestyle and socioeconomic characteristics of participants from the Three-City Study (3C, France, n = 1712) and the Québec Longitudinal Study on Nutrition and Successful Aging (NuAge, Quebec, Canada, n = 1596) were analyzed. Nutrient patterns and their food sources were identified in the two samples using principal component analysis. Diet quality was compared across sample-specific patterns by describing weekly food intake and associations with the Canadian Healthy Eating Index (C-HEI). Results: Three nutrient patterns were retained in each study: a healthy, a Western and a more traditional pattern. These patterns accounted for 50.1% and 53.5% of the total variance in 3C and NuAge, respectively. Higher education and non-physical occupations over lifetime were associated with healthy patterns in both studies. Other characteristics such as living alone, having a body mass index lower than 25 and being an ex-smoker were associated with the healthy pattern in NuAge. No association between these characteristics and the nutrient patterns was noted in 3C. The healthy and Western patterns from each sample also showed an inverse association with C-HEI. Conclusion: The two healthy patterns showed important similarities: adequate food variety, consumption of healthy foods and associations with common sociodemographic factors. This work highlights that nutrient patterns derived using a posteriori methods may be useful to compare the nutritional quality of the diet of distinct populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Allès
- Centre INSERM U897-Epidemiologie-Biostatistique, University of Bordeaux, ISPED, Bordeaux, F-33000, France.
- Centre INSERM U897-Epidemiologie-Biostatistique, INSERM, ISPED, Bordeaux, F-33000, France.
- Québec Center of Excellence on Aging, CHU de Québec Research Center, Quebec City, QC G1S 4L8, Canada.
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Laval University, Quebec City, QC G1V 0A6, Canada.
| | - Cécilia Samieri
- Centre INSERM U897-Epidemiologie-Biostatistique, University of Bordeaux, ISPED, Bordeaux, F-33000, France.
- Centre INSERM U897-Epidemiologie-Biostatistique, INSERM, ISPED, Bordeaux, F-33000, France.
| | - Simon Lorrain
- Centre INSERM U897-Epidemiologie-Biostatistique, University of Bordeaux, ISPED, Bordeaux, F-33000, France.
- Centre INSERM U897-Epidemiologie-Biostatistique, INSERM, ISPED, Bordeaux, F-33000, France.
| | - Marthe-Aline Jutand
- Centre INSERM U897-Epidemiologie-Biostatistique, University of Bordeaux, ISPED, Bordeaux, F-33000, France.
- Centre INSERM U897-Epidemiologie-Biostatistique, INSERM, ISPED, Bordeaux, F-33000, France.
| | - Pierre-Hugues Carmichael
- Québec Center of Excellence on Aging, CHU de Québec Research Center, Quebec City, QC G1S 4L8, Canada.
| | - Bryna Shatenstein
- Département de Nutrition, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC H3T 1A8, Canada.
- Centre de Recherche, Institut Universitaire de Gériatrie de Montréal, CIUSSS du Centre-est-de-l'Île-de-Montréal, Montréal, QC H3W 1W5, Canada.
| | - Pierrette Gaudreau
- Department of Medicine, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC H3C 3J7, Canada.
- Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal Research Center (CRCHUM), Montréal, QC H2X 0A9, Canada.
| | - Hélène Payette
- Research Center on Aging-Centre Intégré Universitaire de Santé et des Services Sociaux de l'Estrie-Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Sherbrooke (CIUSS de l'Estrie-CHUS), Sherbrooke, QC J1H 4C4, Canada.
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC J1K 2R1, Canada.
| | - Danielle Laurin
- Québec Center of Excellence on Aging, CHU de Québec Research Center, Quebec City, QC G1S 4L8, Canada.
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Laval University, Quebec City, QC G1V 0A6, Canada.
| | - Pascale Barberger-Gateau
- Centre INSERM U897-Epidemiologie-Biostatistique, University of Bordeaux, ISPED, Bordeaux, F-33000, France.
- Centre INSERM U897-Epidemiologie-Biostatistique, INSERM, ISPED, Bordeaux, F-33000, France.
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Abstract
The ageing process is influenced by a variety of factors, including extrinsic, malleable lifestyle variables. The present paper deals with the epidemiological evidence for the role of dietary patterns and key nutritional concerns in relation to survival and ageing-related disorders that present themselves in later life. Healthful dietary patterns appear to be most relevant in old age. Specific nutritional concerns are related to vitamin D, vitamin B12 and protein malnutrition. An important challenge to further expand the knowledge base is currently addressed by the NuAge project, acknowledging the complexity of the ageing process and integrating different dimensions of research into human healthy ageing. In the meantime, reversing poor adherence to existing guidelines for a healthy diet remains a first challenge in public health nutritional practices.
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The impact of nutrients on the aging rate: A complex interaction of demographic, environmental and genetic factors. Mech Ageing Dev 2016; 154:49-61. [PMID: 26876763 DOI: 10.1016/j.mad.2016.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2015] [Accepted: 02/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Nutrition has a strong influence on the health status of the elderly, with many dietary components associated to either an increased risk of disease or to an improvement of the quality of life and to a delay of age-related pathologies. A direct effect of a reduced caloric intake on the delay of aging phenotypes is documented in several organisms. The role of nutrients in the regulation of human lifespan is not easy to disentangle, influenced by a complex interaction of nutrition with environmental and genetic factors. The individual genetic background is fundamental for mediating the effects of nutritional components on aging. Classical genetic factors able to influence nutrient metabolism are considered those belonging to insulin/insulin growth factor (INS/IGF-1) signaling, TOR signaling and Sirtuins, but also genes involved in inflammatory/immune response and antioxidant activity can have a major role. Considering the worldwide increasing interest in nutrition to prevent age related diseases and achieve a healthy aging, in this review we will discuss this complex interaction, in the light of metabolic changes occurring with aging, with the aim of shedding a light on the enormous complexity of the metabolic scenario underlying longevity phenotype.
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Rémond D, Shahar DR, Gille D, Pinto P, Kachal J, Peyron MA, Dos Santos CN, Walther B, Bordoni A, Dupont D, Tomás-Cobos L, Vergères G. Understanding the gastrointestinal tract of the elderly to develop dietary solutions that prevent malnutrition. Oncotarget 2015; 6:13858-98. [PMID: 26091351 PMCID: PMC4546438 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.4030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 162] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2015] [Accepted: 05/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Although the prevalence of malnutrition in the old age is increasing worldwide a synthetic understanding of the impact of aging on the intake, digestion, and absorption of nutrients is still lacking. This review article aims at filling the gap in knowledge between the functional decline of the aging gastrointestinal tract (GIT) and the consequences of malnutrition on the health status of elderly. Changes in the aging GIT include the mechanical disintegration of food, gastrointestinal motor function, food transit, chemical food digestion, and functionality of the intestinal wall. These alterations progressively decrease the ability of the GIT to provide the aging organism with adequate levels of nutrients, what contributes to the development of malnutrition. Malnutrition, in turn, increases the risks for the development of a range of pathologies associated with most organ systems, in particular the nervous-, muscoskeletal-, cardiovascular-, immune-, and skin systems. In addition to psychological, economics, and societal factors, dietary solutions preventing malnutrition should thus propose dietary guidelines and food products that integrate knowledge on the functionality of the aging GIT and the nutritional status of the elderly. Achieving this goal will request the identification, validation, and correlative analysis of biomarkers of food intake, nutrient bioavailability, and malnutrition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Didier Rémond
- UMR 1019, UNH, CRNH Auvergne, INRA, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
- Clermont Université, Université d'Auvergne, Unité de Nutrition Humaine, BP 10448, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Danit R. Shahar
- Department of Public Health, The S. Daniel Abraham International Center for Health and Nutrition, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, 84105 Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Doreen Gille
- Institute for Food Sciences IFS, Agroscope, Federal Department of Economic Affairs, Education and Research EAER, 3003 Berne, Switzerland
| | - Paula Pinto
- Escola Superior Agrária, Insituto Politécnico de Santarém, 2001-904 Santarem, Portugal
- Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 2780-157 Oeiras, Portugal
| | | | - Marie-Agnès Peyron
- UMR 1019, UNH, CRNH Auvergne, INRA, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
- Clermont Université, Université d'Auvergne, Unité de Nutrition Humaine, BP 10448, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Claudia Nunes Dos Santos
- Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 2780-157 Oeiras, Portugal
- Instituto de Biologia Experimental e Tecnológica, 2780-157 Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Barbara Walther
- Institute for Food Sciences IFS, Agroscope, Federal Department of Economic Affairs, Education and Research EAER, 3003 Berne, Switzerland
| | - Alessandra Bordoni
- Department of Agri-Food Sciences and Technologies, University of Bologna, 47521 Cesena, Italy
| | - Didier Dupont
- UMR 1253, Science et Technologie du Lait & de l'Œuf, INRA, 35000 Rennes, France
| | | | - Guy Vergères
- Institute for Food Sciences IFS, Agroscope, Federal Department of Economic Affairs, Education and Research EAER, 3003 Berne, Switzerland
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Fernández-Barrés S, Martín N, Canela T, García-Barco M, Basora J, Arija V. Dietary intake in the dependent elderly: evaluation of the risk of nutritional deficit. J Hum Nutr Diet 2015; 29:174-84. [PMID: 25918988 DOI: 10.1111/jhn.12310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Malnutrition is a frequent problem in elderly dependent patients and their prognosis is adversely affected. Assessment of food consumption and adequacy of energy and nutrient intake of dependent elderly is needed to plan any selected actions for this population. METHODS The study comprised a multicentre cross-sectional study of 190 users (≥65 years) of a home care programme provided by primary care centers in Tarragona (Spain), at nutritional risk (Mini Nutritional Assessment: 17-23.5 points). Food consumption was assessed using a semiquantitative validated food frequency questionnaire. Energy intake was compared with the Spanish dietary reference intake (DRI) and nutritional intakes with the DRI of the American Institute of Medicine. RESULTS Mean (SD) age was 85.0 (7.2) years (67.5% female). The food items consumed were varied but lower than the recommended portions for cereals, fruits, vegetables and legumes. Energy intake was 7454.2 (1553.9 kJ day(-1)) [1781.6 (371.4) kcal day(-1)] (97.7% of recommended dietary allowance; RDA) and protein intake was 1.0 (0.4) g kg(-1) of weight (121.4% of RDA). Proteins provided 13.3%, carbohydrates provided 39.9% and fats provided 45.8% of energy intake. The intakes of calcium, vitamin D, vitamin E and folates were less than two-thirds of the RDA and their probability of inadequate intake was >85%. CONCLUSIONS Dietary intakes of elderly dependent patients at nutritional risk were well balanced. In general, energy and protein intakes meet the recommendations. The diet was high in energy density, low in complex carbohydrates, high in simple carbohydrates and excessive in fats. The dependent elderly had inadequate intake of micronutrients often related to fragility, such as calcium, vitamin D, vitamin E and folates.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Fernández-Barrés
- Unitat de Suport a la Recerca Tarragona-Reus, Institut Universitari d'Investigació en Atenció Primària Jordi Gol (IDIAP Jordi Gol), Barcelona, Spain.,Nutrition and Public Health Unit, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Reus, Spain
| | - N Martín
- Centre d'Atenció Primària, Direcció d'Atenció Primària Tarragona, Institut Català de la Salut, Tarragona, Spain
| | - T Canela
- Centre d'Atenció Primària, Direcció d'Atenció Primària Tarragona, Institut Català de la Salut, Tarragona, Spain
| | - M García-Barco
- Centre d'Atenció Primària, Direcció d'Atenció Primària Tarragona, Institut Català de la Salut, Tarragona, Spain
| | - J Basora
- Unitat de Suport a la Recerca Tarragona-Reus, Institut Universitari d'Investigació en Atenció Primària Jordi Gol (IDIAP Jordi Gol), Barcelona, Spain.,Institut de Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili, Reus, Spain
| | - V Arija
- Unitat de Suport a la Recerca Tarragona-Reus, Institut Universitari d'Investigació en Atenció Primària Jordi Gol (IDIAP Jordi Gol), Barcelona, Spain.,Nutrition and Public Health Unit, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Reus, Spain.,Institut de Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili, Reus, Spain
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Eysteinsdottir T, Thorsdottir I, Gunnarsdottir I, Steingrimsdottir L. Assessing validity of a short food frequency questionnaire on present dietary intake of elderly Icelanders. Nutr J 2012; 11:12. [PMID: 22413931 PMCID: PMC3349496 DOI: 10.1186/1475-2891-11-12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2011] [Accepted: 03/13/2012] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Few studies exist on the validity of food frequency questionnaires (FFQs) administered to elderly people. The aim of this study was to assess the validity of a short FFQ on present dietary intake, developed specially for the AGES-Reykjavik Study, which includes 5,764 elderly individuals. Assessing the validity of FFQs is essential before they are used in studies on diet-related disease risk and health outcomes. Method 128 healthy elderly participants (74 y ± 5.7; 58.6% female) answered the AGES-FFQ, and subsequently filled out a 3-day weighed food record. Validity of the AGES-FFQ was assessed by comparing its answers to the dietary data obtained from the weighed food records, using Spearman's rank correlation, Chi-Square/Kendall's tau, and a Jonckheere-Terpstra test for trend. Result For men a correlation ≥ 0.4 was found for potatoes, fresh fruits, oatmeal/muesli, cakes/cookies, candy, dairy products, milk, pure fruit juice, cod liver oil, coffee, tea and sugar in coffee/tea (r = 0.40-0.71). A lower, but acceptable, correlation was also found for raw vegetables (r = 0.33). The highest correlation for women was found for consumption of rye bread, oatmeal/muesli, raw vegetables, candy, dairy products, milk, pure fruit juice, cod liver oil, coffee and tea (r = 0.40-0.61). An acceptable correlation was also found for fish topping/salad, fresh fruit, blood/liver sausage, whole-wheat bread, and sugar in coffee/tea (r = 0.28-0.37). Questions on meat/fish meals, cooked vegetables and soft drinks did not show a significant correlation to the reference method. Pearson Chi-Square and Kendall's tau showed similar results, as did the Jonckheere-Terpstra trend test. Conclusion A majority of the questions in the AGES-FFQ had an acceptable correlation and may be used to rank individuals according to their level of intake of several important foods/food groups. The AGES-FFQ on present diet may therefore be used to study the relationship between consumption of several specific foods/food groups and various health-related endpoints gathered in the AGES-Reykjavik Study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tinna Eysteinsdottir
- Unit for Nutrition Research, University of Iceland and Landspitali National-University Hospital, Reykjavik, Iceland.
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Feldman C, Mahadevan M, Su H, Brusca J, Ruzsilla J. Menu engineering: A strategy for seniors to select healthier meals. Perspect Public Health 2011. [DOI: 10.1177/1757913911419897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Aims: The specific objective of this ongoing investigation is to assess various menu manipulations and nutrition labelling to determine if they can effectively guide the older adult consumer to select healthier food items from a menu offering meals with differing nutritional attributes. Methods: One of three randomly assigned menus and a questionnaire were distributed to 150 senior adults (> 60 years of age) living in three assisted living residences, three congregate senior day programmes, and one senior church group in New Jersey, USA. A generic control menu, a treatment menu that used various merchandizing tools to promote the healthier menu items and the same treatment menu with nutritional labels added were designed. Participants selected their top five choices and then answered a short questionnaire, which surveyed demographics and menu selection background information. Results: The researchers found that certain menu merchandizing tools were effective, while nutrition labelling did not have a substantial effect for this population. Conclusions: Nutrition labels did not encourage healthier choices for the seniors surveyed in this study. Therefore, subliminal menu treatments may be more effective than nutrition labelling of menu items for elderly populations. Menu design has the potential to encourage healthier decisions through hidden persuaders, without infringing on the rights of elderly consumers to choose more indulgent menu options. However, menus are not effective tools for seniors who cannot cognitively and independently understand the menu. In certain circumstances, a non-select meal offering might be the best option. The menu strategies used in this study are most effective for those who are able to make independent menu choices.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Haiyan Su
- Mathematical Sciences, Montclair State University, USA
| | - Joseph Brusca
- Health and Nutrition Sciences, Montclair State University, USA
| | - John Ruzsilla
- Health and Nutrition Sciences, Montclair State University, USA
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