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Wang S, Wei J, Li S, Luo Y, Li Y, Wang X, Shen W, Luo D, Liu D. PPA1, an energy metabolism initiator, plays an important role in the progression of malignant tumors. Front Oncol 2022; 12:1012090. [PMID: 36505776 PMCID: PMC9733535 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.1012090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Inorganic pyrophosphatase (PPA1) encoded by PPA1 gene belongs to Soluble Pyrophosphatases (PPase) family and is expressed widely in various tissues of Homo sapiens, as well as significantly in a variety of malignancies. The hydrolysis of inorganic pyrophosphate (PPi) to produce orthophosphate (Pi) not only dissipates the negative effects of PPi accumulation, but the energy released by this process also serves as a substitute for ATP. PPA1 is highly expressed in a variety of tumors and is involved in proliferation, invasion, and metastasis during tumor development, through the JNK/p53, Wnt/β-catenin, and PI3K/AKT/GSK-3β signaling pathways. Because of its remarkable role in tumor development, PPA1 may serve as a biological target for adjuvant therapy of tumor malignancies. Further, PPA1 is a potential biomarker to predict survival in patients with cancer, where the assessment of its transcriptional regulation can provide an in-depth understanding. Herein, we describe the signaling pathways through which PPA1 regulates malignant tumor progression and provide new insights to establish PPA1 as a biomarker for tumor diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuying Wang
- Department of Oncology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University (The First People’s Hospital of Zunyi), Zunyi, China,College of Clinical Medicine, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
| | - Jianmei Wei
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University (The First People' s Hospital of Zunyi), Zunyi, China
| | - Shunwei Li
- Department of Oncology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University (The First People’s Hospital of Zunyi), Zunyi, China
| | - Yuyin Luo
- Department of Oncology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University (The First People’s Hospital of Zunyi), Zunyi, China,College of Clinical Medicine, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
| | - Yifei Li
- College of Clinical Medicine, Jining Medical University, Jining, China
| | - Xianglin Wang
- Department of Oncology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University (The First People’s Hospital of Zunyi), Zunyi, China,College of Clinical Medicine, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
| | - Wenzhi Shen
- Key Laboratory of Precision Oncology in Universities of Shandong, Institute of Precision Medicine, Jining Medical University, Jining, China,*Correspondence: Daishun Liu, ; Dehong Luo, ; Wenzhi Shen,
| | - Dehong Luo
- Department of Oncology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University (The First People’s Hospital of Zunyi), Zunyi, China,*Correspondence: Daishun Liu, ; Dehong Luo, ; Wenzhi Shen,
| | - Daishun Liu
- College of Clinical Medicine, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China,*Correspondence: Daishun Liu, ; Dehong Luo, ; Wenzhi Shen,
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2
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Bucław M, Lepczyński A, Herosimczyk A, Ożgo M, Szczerbińska D, Majewska D, Liput K, Pierzchała M. Post mortem changes in M. iliotibialis lateralis muscle protein profile of emu (Dromaius novaehollandiae). Meat Sci 2021; 180:108562. [PMID: 34077892 DOI: 10.1016/j.meatsci.2021.108562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2020] [Revised: 05/06/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The available literature lacks information on the metabolic processes taking place in emu muscles after the cessation of circulation. Hence, this study was undertaken to examine the physicochemical characteristics (pH, drip loss, WHC, TBARS, L*, a*, b*) with concomitant changes in protein expression patterns (SDS-PAGE) of femoral muscle (M. iliotibialis lateralis) that occur post mortem and during the first days (0 h, 24 h, 48 h) of its maturation in 1- and 3-year-old emus. Our results indicated that the interaction between emus age and storage time had significant impact on meat pH and all color indicators. Furthermore, we detected 24 differentially expressed protein bands, representing 22 different gene products. ClueGO pathways analysis revealed that these proteins were mainly involved in glycolysis/gluconeogenesis pathway, pyruvate metabolism and pyrophosphate hydrolysis-driven proton transmembrane transporter activity. Based on the results obtained it can be assumed that early post-mortem metabolism of emu muscle is predominantly based on the glycolysis as reflected by the relative abundance alterations of the glycogenolytic and glycolytic enzymes. Moreover, the energy supplies provided by ATP and other high-energy substances degradation is higher in the group of older emus. Our findings also highlighted the complexity of the molecular mechanisms underlying the conversion of muscle to meat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mateusz Bucław
- Department of Monogastric Animal Sciences, Laboratory of Poultry Science, West Pomeranian University of Technology Szczecin, Janickiego Str. 29, 71-270 Szczecin, Poland.
| | - Adam Lepczyński
- Department of Physiology, Cytobiology and Proteomics, West Pomeranian University of Technology Szczecin, Janickiego Str. 29, 71-270 Szczecin, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Herosimczyk
- Department of Physiology, Cytobiology and Proteomics, West Pomeranian University of Technology Szczecin, Janickiego Str. 29, 71-270 Szczecin, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Ożgo
- Department of Physiology, Cytobiology and Proteomics, West Pomeranian University of Technology Szczecin, Janickiego Str. 29, 71-270 Szczecin, Poland
| | - Danuta Szczerbińska
- Department of Monogastric Animal Sciences, Laboratory of Poultry Science, West Pomeranian University of Technology Szczecin, Janickiego Str. 29, 71-270 Szczecin, Poland
| | - Danuta Majewska
- Department of Monogastric Animal Sciences, Laboratory of Poultry Science, West Pomeranian University of Technology Szczecin, Janickiego Str. 29, 71-270 Szczecin, Poland
| | - Kamila Liput
- Department of Molecular Biology, Institute of Genetics and Animal Biotechnology of the Polish Academy of Sciences, ul. Postepu 36A, Jastrzebiec, 05-552 Magdalenka, Poland
| | - Mariusz Pierzchała
- Department of Genomics and Biodiversity, Institute of Genetics and Animal Biotechnology of the Polish Academy of Sciences, ul. Postepu 36A, Jastrzębiec, 05-552 Magdalenka, Poland
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3
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Niu H, Zhu J, Qu Q, Zhou X, Huang X, Du Z. Crystallographic and modeling study of the human inorganic pyrophosphatase 1: A potential anti-cancer drug target. Proteins 2021; 89:853-865. [PMID: 33583053 DOI: 10.1002/prot.26064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2020] [Revised: 11/09/2020] [Accepted: 01/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Inorganic pyrophosphatases (PPases) catalyze the hydrolysis of pyrophosphate to phosphates. PPases play essential roles in growth and development, and are found in all kingdoms of life. Human possess two PPases, PPA1 and PPA2. PPA1 is present in all tissues, acting largely as a housekeeping enzyme. Besides pyrophosphate hydrolysis, PPA1 can also directly dephosphorylate phosphorylated c-Jun N-terminal kinases 1 (JNK1). Upregulated expression of PPA1 has been linked to many human malignant tumors. PPA1 knockdown induces apoptosis and decreases proliferation. PPA1 is emerging as a potential prognostic biomarker and target for anti-cancer drug development. In spite of the biological and physiopathological importance of PPA1, there is no detailed study on the structure and catalytic mechanisms of mammalian origin PPases. Here we report the crystal structure of human PPA1 at a resolution of 2.4 Å. We also carried out modeling studies of PPA1 in complex with JNK1 derived phosphor-peptides. The monomeric protein fold of PPA1 is similar to those found in other family I PPases. PPA1 forms a dimeric structure that should be conserved in animal and fungal PPases. Analysis of the PPA1 structure and comparison with available structures of PPases from lower organisms suggest that PPA1 has a largely pre-organized and relatively rigid active site for pyrophosphate hydrolysis. Results from the modeling study indicate the active site of PPA1 has the potential to accommodate double-phosphorylated peptides from JNK1. In short, results from the study provides new insights into the mechanisms of human PPA1 and basis for structure-based anti-cancer drug developments using PPA1 as the target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiying Niu
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Tianjin First Central Hospital, Tianjin, China.,Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, Illinois, USA
| | - Jiang Zhu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, Illinois, USA.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Pennsylvania State University, State College 16802, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Quanxin Qu
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Tianjin First Central Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Xia Zhou
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, Illinois, USA
| | - Xiaolan Huang
- Department of Computer Science, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, Illinois, USA
| | - Zhihua Du
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, Illinois, USA
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4
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PPA1 promotes NSCLC progression via a JNK- and TP53-dependent manner. Oncogenesis 2019; 8:53. [PMID: 31551407 PMCID: PMC6760234 DOI: 10.1038/s41389-019-0162-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2019] [Revised: 08/11/2019] [Accepted: 08/26/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Inorganic pyrophosphatase (PPA1) promotes tumor progression in several tumor types. However, the underlying mechanism remains elusive. Here, we disclosed that PPA1 expression is markedly upregulated in lung carcinoma tissue versus normal lung tissue. We also found that the non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cell lines show increased PPA1 expression levels versus normal lung cell line control. Moreover, the knockdown of PPA1 promotes cell apoptosis and inhibits cell proliferation. Whereas, the ectopic expression of PPA1 reduces cell apoptosis and enhances cell proliferation. Most interestingly, the expression of mutant PPA1 (D117A) significantly abolishes PPA1-mediated effect on cell apoptosis and proliferation. The underlying mechanism demonstrated that TP53 expression deficiency or JNK inhibitor treatment could abolish PPA1-mediated NSCLC progression. In summary, the aforementioned findings in this study suggest a new pathway the PPA1 mediates NSCLC progression either via TP53 or JNK. Most important, the pyrophosphatase activity is indispensible for PPA1-mediated NSCLC progression. This may provide a promising target for NSCLC therapy.
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5
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Xu D, Miao Y, Gu X, Wang J, Yu G. Pyrophosphatase 1 expression is associated with future recurrence and overall survival in Chinese patients with intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma. Oncol Lett 2018; 15:8095-8101. [PMID: 29740496 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2018.8278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2016] [Accepted: 12/22/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The inorganic pyrophosphatase gene (PPA1) encodes inorganic pyrophosphatase, an enzyme that catalyzes the hydrolysis of inorganic pyrophosphate to orthophosphate, and has been revealed to be dysregulated in several types of human cancer. However, the role of PPA1 in intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC) has not yet been determined. The present study detected PPA1 expression and investigated its clinical significance in ICC. Tissue microarray blocks containing 93 ICC specimens were constructed. The protein expression of PPA1 in these specimens was detected by immunohistochemistry. PPA1 was overexpressed in 49.5% of the ICC specimens and was significantly associated with large tumor size, positive margins, T stage, lymph nodal metastases, poorly differentiated tumors and advanced disease stage. Furthermore, PPA1 expression was an indicator of future recurrence and poor survival in patients with ICC. Increased expression of PPA1 is a common event in human ICC and is significantly associated with a poor outcome in patients with ICC, suggesting a potential role for PPA1 in the development and progression of ICC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongyun Xu
- Department of Oncology, Huaihai Hospital Affiliated to Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221003, P.R. China.,Department of Oncology, No. 97 Hospital of The People's Liberation Army, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221003, P.R. China
| | - Yuqing Miao
- Department of Oncology, Changzheng Hospital, Shanghai 200070, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoqiang Gu
- Department of Oncology, Longhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, P.R. China
| | - Jiejun Wang
- Department of Oncology, Changzheng Hospital, Shanghai 200070, P.R. China
| | - Guanzhen Yu
- Department of Oncology, Longhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, P.R. China
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6
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Niu H, Zhou W, Xu Y, Yin Z, Shen W, Ye Z, Liu Y, Chen Y, Yang S, Xiang R, Wang L, Qu P. Silencing PPA1 inhibits human epithelial ovarian cancer metastasis by suppressing the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. Oncotarget 2017; 8:76266-76278. [PMID: 29100310 PMCID: PMC5652704 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.19346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2017] [Accepted: 06/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Inorganic pyrophosphatase (PPA1) activity is a key determinant of cellular inorganic pyrophosphate levels, and its expression is correlated with growth of several solid tumors. To investigate this relationship, we first examined PPA1 expression in human epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) samples, and found that PPA1 was overexpressed in tumors from EOC patients. Higher PPA1 levels correlated with advanced grades, stages, and poor survival in EOC patients. Examination of PPA1 function in EOC revealed that silencing PPA1 inhibited EOC migration, epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), and metastasis in vitro and in vivo. In addition, PPA1 may promote the dephosphorylation and translocation of β-catenin. These results demonstrate that silencing PPA1 inhibits EOC metastasis by suppressing the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. Strategies for downregulating PPA1 may have therapeutic potential for the prevention and treatment of EOC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiying Niu
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Tianjin First Center Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Wei Zhou
- Department of Immunology, Nankai University School of Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Yingxi Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Hematology and Blood Disease Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Tianjin, China
| | - Zhiqi Yin
- Department of Pathology, Tianjin First Center Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Wenzhi Shen
- Department of Immunology, Nankai University School of Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Zhen Ye
- Department of Immunology, Nankai University School of Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Yanhua Liu
- Department of Immunology, Nankai University School of Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Yanan Chen
- Department of Immunology, Nankai University School of Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Shuang Yang
- Department of Immunology, Nankai University School of Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Rong Xiang
- Department of Immunology, Nankai University School of Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Lina Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Hematology and Blood Disease Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Tianjin, China
| | - Pengpeng Qu
- Department of Gynecology Oncology, Tianjin Central Hospital of Gynecology Obstetrics, Tianjin, China
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7
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Chen EH, Hou QL, Wei DD, Jiang HB, Wang JJ. Phenotypic plasticity, trade-offs and gene expression changes accompanying dietary restriction and switches in Bactrocera dorsalis (Hendel) (Diptera: Tephritidae). Sci Rep 2017; 7:1988. [PMID: 28512316 PMCID: PMC5434071 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-02106-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2016] [Accepted: 04/07/2017] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, we investigated the effects of dietary restriction (DR) and variable diets on phenotypes and gene expression in oriental fruit fly, Bactrocera dorsalis (Hendel), one of the most economically important pests in the family Tephritidae around the world. As expected, we found that DR altered the B. dorsalis phenotypes by significantly increasing stress resistance and lifespan, but reduced egg production when compared with the control diet. The results suggested a trade-off between reproduction versus somatic maintenance (stress resistance) and lifespan in B. dorsalis. Diet also had a significant effect on hatchability, and DR could increase the egg hatching success of B. dorsalis. Furthermore, DR up-regulated metabolic pathways involved in energy homeostasis and down-regulated pathways in egg production, which might mediate trade-offs between somatic maintenance and reproduction under DR regimes. The gene expression profiles in response to the acute dietary switches indicated that the digestive and metabolic pathways maybe involved in the adaptability of flies to variable dietary resources. In summary, the research facilitates a better understanding of the molecular mechanisms responsible for the B. dorsalis’ phenotypic adjustments to the different qualities of the available diets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Er-Hu Chen
- Key Laboratory of Entomology and Pest Control Engineering, College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiu-Li Hou
- Key Laboratory of Entomology and Pest Control Engineering, College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, People's Republic of China
| | - Dan-Dan Wei
- Key Laboratory of Entomology and Pest Control Engineering, College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, People's Republic of China
| | - Hong-Bo Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Entomology and Pest Control Engineering, College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, People's Republic of China
| | - Jin-Jun Wang
- Key Laboratory of Entomology and Pest Control Engineering, College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, People's Republic of China.
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Luo D, Wang G, Shen W, Zhao S, Zhou W, Wan L, Yuan L, Yang S, Xiang R. Clinical significance and functional validation of PPA1 in various tumors. Cancer Med 2016; 5:2800-2812. [PMID: 27666431 PMCID: PMC5083733 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2016] [Revised: 07/09/2016] [Accepted: 08/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the study was to detect PPA1 expression in various tumors and to investigate the relationship between PPA1 expression and clinicopathological parameters to further analyze its clinical significance. Immunohistochemical staining detected PPA1 expression in 305 noncancerous tissues and 675 tumor tissues, which included 12 different tumor types. QPCR and western blot examined PPA1 expression in tumor-derived cell lines including those derived from liver, breast, lung, and ovarian cancers. Cell proliferation and apoptosis assays were used to investigate PPA1-regulated cell growth in tumor cells. Finally, a bioinformatics analysis was used to verify the role of PPA1 in carcinogenesis. Among the 12 types of tumors, PPA1 expression was significantly higher in lung and ovarian cancers (P < 0.001). In lung cancer, PPA1 expression was associated with tumor size, patients' age, and smoking status, whereas in ovarian cancer, PPA1 expression was associated with pathological grade (P < 0.05). Moreover, we found that PPA1 expression was up-regulated in lung and ovarian cancer cell lines compared with nontumor cells. In addition, suppression of PPA1 expression by RNA interference in lung and ovarian cancer cells showed increased cell apoptosis and decreased cell proliferation, which was mediated by TP53 and p21 signaling. Notably, a bioinformatics analysis was used to verify the function of PPA1 in the development and progression of tumors. PPA1 expression is significantly higher in many tumors, especially those of lung and ovarian origin, which suggests that PPA1 plays an important role in carcinogenesis and in the development of some tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dehong Luo
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology and Epigenetics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China.,The First People's Hospital of Zunyi, Zunyi, 563002, China
| | - Guanwen Wang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology and Epigenetics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Wenzhi Shen
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Tumour Microenvironment and Neurovascular Regulation, Medical College of Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Shuangtao Zhao
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Tumour Microenvironment and Neurovascular Regulation, Medical College of Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Wei Zhou
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Tumour Microenvironment and Neurovascular Regulation, Medical College of Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Lin Wan
- The First People's Hospital of Zunyi, Zunyi, 563002, China
| | - Liying Yuan
- The First People's Hospital of Zunyi, Zunyi, 563002, China
| | - Shuang Yang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Tumour Microenvironment and Neurovascular Regulation, Medical College of Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China.
| | - Rong Xiang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology and Epigenetics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China.
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9
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Majaw T, Sharma R. Arginase I expression is upregulated by dietary restriction in the liver of mice as a function of age. Mol Cell Biochem 2015; 407:1-7. [PMID: 25976668 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-015-2448-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2015] [Accepted: 05/07/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Arginase is a cytosolic enzyme that catalyzes the hydrolysis of L-arginine to L-ornithine and urea. This reaction comprises the final step of the urea cycle, which provides the principal route for the disposal of nitrogenous waste from protein catabolism. The present study investigates the normal endogenous activity and expression level of arginase I as a function of age in the liver of 2-, 6-, and 18-month-old mice. The effect of dietary restriction (DR) on the expression of arginase I was also investigated in two age groups of mice, 2- and 18-month old. Arginase I activity was assessed spectrophotometrically, and the level of arginase I protein was further confirmed by Western blotting analyses. Arginase I mRNA level was measured using real-time PCR. Our results show that the arginase I activity (U/mg protein) and protein level in liver was higher in 2-month-old mice and decreased gradually with age. In contrast, arginase I mRNA was observed to be higher in the older mice as compared to the younger mice. DR was seen to upregulate the arginase I activity and expression in both 2- and 18-month-old mice. The findings concluded that arginase I is down-regulated with the advancement of age in the liver of mice and is upregulated by DR. This suggests that DR plays an important role in maintaining related metabolic processes as a function of age in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teikur Majaw
- Department of Biochemistry, North-Eastern Hill University, Shillong, 793 022, India
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Mishra DR, Chaudhary S, Krishna BM, Mishra SK. Identification of Critical Elements for Regulation of Inorganic Pyrophosphatase (PPA1) in MCF7 Breast Cancer Cells. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0124864. [PMID: 25923237 PMCID: PMC4414593 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0124864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2014] [Accepted: 03/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Cytosolic inorganic pyrophosphatase plays an important role in the cellular metabolism by hydrolyzing inorganic pyrophosphate (PPi) formed as a by-product of various metabolic reactions. Inorganic pyrophosphatases are known to be associated with important functions related to the growth and development of various organisms. In humans, the expression of inorganic pyrophosphatase (PPA1) is deregulated in different types of cancer and is involved in the migration and invasion of gastric cancer cells and proliferation of ovarian cancer cells. However, the transcriptional regulation of the gene encoding PPA1 is poorly understood. To gain insights into PPA1 gene regulation, a 1217 bp of its 5'-flanking region was cloned and analyzed. The 5'-deletion analysis of the promoter revealed a 266 bp proximal promoter region exhibit most of the transcriptional activity and upon sequence analysis, three putative Sp1 binding sites were found to be present in this region. Binding of Sp1 to the PPA1 promoter was confirmed by Electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA) and Chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) assay. Importance of these binding sites was verified by site-directed mutagenesis and overexpression of Sp1 transactivates PPA1 promoter activity, upregulates protein expression and increases chromatin accessibility. p300 binds to the PPA1 promoter and stimulates Sp1 induced promoter activity. Trichostatin A (TSA), a histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitor induces PPA1 promoter activity and protein expression and HAT activity of p300 was important in regulation of PPA1 expression. These results demonstrated that PPA1 is positively regulated by Sp1 and p300 coactivates Sp1 induced PPA1 promoter activity and histone acetylation/deacetylation may contribute to a local chromatin remodeling across the PPA1 promoter. Further, knockdown of PPA1 decreased colony formation and viability of MCF7 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dipti Ranjan Mishra
- Cancer Biology Laboratory, Gene function and regulation Group, Institute of Life Sciences, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Sanjib Chaudhary
- Cancer Biology Laboratory, Gene function and regulation Group, Institute of Life Sciences, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - B. Madhu Krishna
- Cancer Biology Laboratory, Gene function and regulation Group, Institute of Life Sciences, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Sandip K. Mishra
- Cancer Biology Laboratory, Gene function and regulation Group, Institute of Life Sciences, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
- * E-mail:
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