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Kim JH, Yang HJ, Lee SH, Song YS. Cytosine Deaminase-Overexpressing hTERT-Immortalized Human Adipose Stem Cells Enhance the Inhibitory Effects of Fluorocytosine on Tumor Growth in Castration Resistant Prostate Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:5519. [PMID: 38791557 PMCID: PMC11121865 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25105519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2024] [Revised: 05/06/2024] [Accepted: 05/10/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
A promising de novo approach for the treatment of Castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) exploits cell-mediated enzyme prodrug therapy comprising cytosine deaminase (CD) and fluorouracil (5-FC). The aim of this study was to determine the potential of bacterial CD-overexpressing hTERT-immortalized human adipose stem cells (hTERT-ADSC.CD) to suppress CRPC. A lentiviral vector encoding a bacterial CD gene was used to transfect and to generate the hTERT-ADSC.CD line. The ability of the cells to migrate selectively towards malignant cells was investigated in vitro. PC3 and hTERT-ADSC.CD cells were co-cultured. hTERT-ADSC.CD and 1 × 106 PC3 cells were administered to nude mice via intracardiac and subcutaneous injections, respectively, and 5-FC was given for 14 days. hTERT-ADSC.CD were successfully engineered. Enhanced in vitro hTERT-ADSC.CD cytotoxicity and suicide effect were evident following administration of 5 μM 5-FC. hTERT-ADSC.CD, together with 5-FC, augmented the numbers of PC3 cells undergoing apoptosis. In comparison to controls administered hTERT-ADSC.CD monotherapy, hTERT-ADSC.CD in combination with 5-FC demonstrated a greater suppressive effect on tumor. In CPRC-bearing mice, tumor suppression was enhanced by the combination of CD-overexpressing ADSC and the prodrug 5-FC. Stem cells exhibiting CD gene expression are a potential novel approach to treatment for CRPC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae Heon Kim
- Department of Urology, Soonchunhyang University School of Medicine, Seoul 04401, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee Jo Yang
- Department of Urology, Soonchunhyang University School of Medicine, Cheonan 31151, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Hun Lee
- Program in Biomedical Sciences & Engineering, Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Inha University, Incheon 22212, Republic of Korea
| | - Yun Seob Song
- Department of Urology, Soonchunhyang University School of Medicine, Seoul 04401, Republic of Korea
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2
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Volovat SR, Scripcariu DV, Vasilache IA, Stolniceanu CR, Volovat C, Augustin IG, Volovat CC, Ostafe MR, Andreea-Voichița SG, Bejusca-Vieriu T, Lungulescu CV, Sur D, Boboc D. Oncolytic Virotherapy: A New Paradigm in Cancer Immunotherapy. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:1180. [PMID: 38256250 PMCID: PMC10816814 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25021180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2023] [Revised: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Oncolytic viruses (OVs) are emerging as potential treatment options for cancer. Natural and genetically engineered viruses exhibit various antitumor mechanisms. OVs act by direct cytolysis, the potentiation of the immune system through antigen release, and the activation of inflammatory responses or indirectly by interference with different types of elements in the tumor microenvironment, modification of energy metabolism in tumor cells, and antiangiogenic action. The action of OVs is pleiotropic, and they show varied interactions with the host and tumor cells. An important impediment in oncolytic virotherapy is the journey of the virus into the tumor cells and the possibility of its binding to different biological and nonbiological vectors. OVs have been demonstrated to eliminate cancer cells that are resistant to standard treatments in many clinical trials for various cancers (melanoma, lung, and hepatic); however, there are several elements of resistance to the action of viruses per se. Therefore, it is necessary to evaluate the combination of OVs with other standard treatment modalities, such as chemotherapy, immunotherapy, targeted therapies, and cellular therapies, to increase the response rate. This review provides a comprehensive update on OVs, their use in oncolytic virotherapy, and the future prospects of this therapy alongside the standard therapies currently used in cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simona Ruxandra Volovat
- Department of Medical Oncology-Radiotherapy, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 16 University Str., 700115 Iasi, Romania; (S.R.V.); (M.-R.O.); (S.-G.A.-V.); (T.B.-V.)
| | - Dragos Viorel Scripcariu
- Department of Surgery, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 16 University Str., 700115 Iasi, Romania;
| | - Ingrid Andrada Vasilache
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania
| | - Cati Raluca Stolniceanu
- Department of Biophysics and Medical Physics—Nuclear Medicine, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 16 University Str., 700115 Iasi, Romania;
| | - Constantin Volovat
- Department of Medical Oncology-Radiotherapy, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 16 University Str., 700115 Iasi, Romania; (S.R.V.); (M.-R.O.); (S.-G.A.-V.); (T.B.-V.)
| | | | | | - Madalina-Raluca Ostafe
- Department of Medical Oncology-Radiotherapy, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 16 University Str., 700115 Iasi, Romania; (S.R.V.); (M.-R.O.); (S.-G.A.-V.); (T.B.-V.)
| | - Slevoacă-Grigore Andreea-Voichița
- Department of Medical Oncology-Radiotherapy, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 16 University Str., 700115 Iasi, Romania; (S.R.V.); (M.-R.O.); (S.-G.A.-V.); (T.B.-V.)
| | - Toni Bejusca-Vieriu
- Department of Medical Oncology-Radiotherapy, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 16 University Str., 700115 Iasi, Romania; (S.R.V.); (M.-R.O.); (S.-G.A.-V.); (T.B.-V.)
| | | | - Daniel Sur
- 11th Department of Medical Oncology, “Iuliu Hatieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400347 Cluj-Napoca, Romania;
| | - Diana Boboc
- Department of Medical Oncology-Radiotherapy, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 16 University Str., 700115 Iasi, Romania; (S.R.V.); (M.-R.O.); (S.-G.A.-V.); (T.B.-V.)
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Borzone FR, Giorello MB, Sanmartin MC, Yannarelli G, Martinez LM, Chasseing NA. Mesenchymal stem cells and cancer-associated fibroblasts as a therapeutic strategy for breast cancer. Br J Pharmacol 2024; 181:238-256. [PMID: 35485850 DOI: 10.1111/bph.15861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2022] [Revised: 03/21/2022] [Accepted: 04/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is the most common type of cancer and the leading cause of death among women. Recent evidence suggests that mesenchymal stromal/stem cells and cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) have an essential role in cancer progression, invasion and therapy resistance. Therefore, they are considered as highly promising future therapeutic targets against breast cancer. The intrinsic tumour tropism and immunomodulatory capacities of mesenchymal stromal/stem cells are of special relevance for developing mesenchymal stromal/stem cells-based anti-tumour therapies that suppress primary tumour growth and metastasis. In addition, the utilization of therapies that target the stromal components of the tumour microenvironment in combination with standard drugs is an innovative tool that could improve patients' response to therapies and their survival. In this review, we discuss the currently available information regarding the possible use of mesenchymal stromal/stem cells-derived anti-tumour therapies, as well as the utilization of therapies that target CAFs in breast cancer microenvironment. Finally, these data can serve as a guide map for future research in this field, ultimately aiding the effective transition of these results into the clinic. LINKED ARTICLES: This article is part of a themed issue on Cancer Microenvironment and Pharmacological Interventions. To view the other articles in this section visit http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.v181.2/issuetoc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco Raúl Borzone
- Laboratorio de Inmunohematología, Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (IBYME) - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - María Belén Giorello
- Laboratorio de Inmunohematología, Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (IBYME) - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - María Cecilia Sanmartin
- Laboratorio de Inmunohematología, Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (IBYME) - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Laboratorio de Regulación Génica y Células Madre, Instituto de Medicina Traslacional, Trasplante y Bioingeniería (IMeTTyB), Universidad Favaloro-CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Gustavo Yannarelli
- Laboratorio de Regulación Génica y Células Madre, Instituto de Medicina Traslacional, Trasplante y Bioingeniería (IMeTTyB), Universidad Favaloro-CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Leandro Marcelo Martinez
- Hematology and Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York, USA
| | - Norma Alejandra Chasseing
- Laboratorio de Inmunohematología, Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (IBYME) - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Kim JH, Oh E, Song ES, Yun CW, Lee SH, Song YS. Carboxylesterase-overexpressing hTERT-immortalized human adipose stem cells in prostate tumor growth inhibition by irinotecan. J Cancer Res Ther 2023; 19:1731-1742. [PMID: 38376272 DOI: 10.4103/jcrt.jcrt_1019_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2021] [Accepted: 07/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/21/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Effective chemotherapy has not yet to be developed for castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC). Cell-mediated enzyme prodrug therapy (EPT), including a combination of carboxylesterase (CE) and irinotecan (CPT-11), could be a possible treatment option. This study explored a cell-mediated EPT, including a combination of CE and irinotecan (CPT-11), to inhibit CRPC tumor growth using rabbit CE-overexpressing human TERT-immortalized adipose-derived stem cells (hTERT-ADSC.CE). MATERIALS AND METHODS An hTERT ADSC.CE cell line was established by transfection with a lentiviral vector (CLV-Ubic) encoding the rabbit CE gene. To determine the in vitro suicide effects of hTERT-ADSC.CE, cell cultures were performed using various concentrations of CPT-11 (0.01-5 μM), and to determine the in vitro cytotoxic effects of hTERT-ADSC.CE cells, PC3 and hTERT-ADSC.CE cells were co-cultured. For the in vivo model, PC3 cells (1 × 106 cells) were injected subcutaneously into the flanks of nude mice and hTERT-ADSC.CE cells were injected via an intracardiac route, followed by the continuous treatment using CPT-11 for 2 weeks. The final change in tumor volume was measured and immunohistochemical analysis was performed. RESULTS The directional and selective migration of hTERT-ADSC.CE cells toward PC3 cells was significantly stimulated by PC3 cells in vitro. The number of apoptotic PC3 cells significantly increased in the presence of hTERT-ADSC.CE and CPT-11 compared to CPT-11 alone. In the in vivo study, the inhibitory effects of hTERT-ADSC.CE combined with CPT-11 were higher than those of CPT-11 monotherapy. After treatment with CPT-11 alone or ADSC.CE in combination with CPT-11, the removed tumor tissues showed hyperchromatic nuclei and apoptotic bodies. CE-overexpressing ADSCs potentiated the inhibition of tumor growth in CRPC-bearing mice in the presence of CPT-11 prodrugs. CONCLUSIONS This report suggests that cell-mediated EPT including CE and CPT-11 may be efficacious in treating CRPC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae Heon Kim
- Department of Urology, Soonchunhyang University Seoul Hospital, Soonchunhyang University Medical College, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Microbiology, Soonchunhyang University School of Medicine, Cheonan, Republic of Korea
| | - Eunjeong Oh
- Department of Pharmacology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Seop Song
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Korea Medical Dispute Mediation and Arbitration Agency, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Chul Won Yun
- Medical Science Research Institute, Soonchunhyang University Seoul Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Hun Lee
- Medical Science Research Institute, Soonchunhyang University Seoul Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yun Seob Song
- Department of Urology, Soonchunhyang University Seoul Hospital, Soonchunhyang University Medical College, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Slama Y, Ah-Pine F, Khettab M, Arcambal A, Begue M, Dutheil F, Gasque P. The Dual Role of Mesenchymal Stem Cells in Cancer Pathophysiology: Pro-Tumorigenic Effects versus Therapeutic Potential. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:13511. [PMID: 37686315 PMCID: PMC10488262 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241713511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Revised: 08/29/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSCs) are multipotent cells involved in numerous physiological events, including organogenesis, the maintenance of tissue homeostasis, regeneration, or tissue repair. MSCs are increasingly recognized as playing a major, dual, and complex role in cancer pathophysiology through their ability to limit or promote tumor progression. Indeed, these cells are known to interact with the tumor microenvironment, modulate the behavior of tumor cells, influence their functions, and promote distant metastasis formation through the secretion of mediators, the regulation of cell-cell interactions, and the modulation of the immune response. This dynamic network can lead to the establishment of immunoprivileged tissue niches or the formation of new tumors through the proliferation/differentiation of MSCs into cancer-associated fibroblasts as well as cancer stem cells. However, MSCs exhibit also therapeutic effects including anti-tumor, anti-proliferative, anti-inflammatory, or anti-oxidative effects. The therapeutic interest in MSCs is currently growing, mainly due to their ability to selectively migrate and penetrate tumor sites, which would make them relevant as vectors for advanced therapies. Therefore, this review aims to provide an overview of the double-edged sword implications of MSCs in tumor processes. The therapeutic potential of MSCs will be reviewed in melanoma and lung cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youssef Slama
- Unité de Recherche Études Pharmaco-Immunologiques (EPI), Université de La Réunion, CHU de La Réunion, Allée des Topazes, 97400 Saint-Denis, La Réunion, France; (F.A.-P.); (M.K.); (P.G.)
- Service de Radiothérapie, Clinique Sainte-Clotilde, Groupe Clinifutur, 127 Route de Bois de Nèfles, 97400 Saint-Denis, La Réunion, France; (M.B.); (F.D.)
- Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire de Recherche en Santé (LIRS), RunResearch, Clinique Sainte-Clotilde, 127 Route de Bois de Nèfles, 97400 Saint-Denis, La Réunion, France;
| | - Franck Ah-Pine
- Unité de Recherche Études Pharmaco-Immunologiques (EPI), Université de La Réunion, CHU de La Réunion, Allée des Topazes, 97400 Saint-Denis, La Réunion, France; (F.A.-P.); (M.K.); (P.G.)
- Service d’Anatomie et Cytologie Pathologiques, CHU de La Réunion sites SUD—Saint-Pierre, Avenue François Mitterrand, 97448 Saint-Pierre Cedex, La Réunion, France
| | - Mohamed Khettab
- Unité de Recherche Études Pharmaco-Immunologiques (EPI), Université de La Réunion, CHU de La Réunion, Allée des Topazes, 97400 Saint-Denis, La Réunion, France; (F.A.-P.); (M.K.); (P.G.)
- Service d’Oncologie Médicale, CHU de La Réunion sites SUD—Saint-Pierre, Avenue François Mitterrand, 97448 Saint-Pierre Cedex, La Réunion, France
| | - Angelique Arcambal
- Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire de Recherche en Santé (LIRS), RunResearch, Clinique Sainte-Clotilde, 127 Route de Bois de Nèfles, 97400 Saint-Denis, La Réunion, France;
| | - Mickael Begue
- Service de Radiothérapie, Clinique Sainte-Clotilde, Groupe Clinifutur, 127 Route de Bois de Nèfles, 97400 Saint-Denis, La Réunion, France; (M.B.); (F.D.)
- Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire de Recherche en Santé (LIRS), RunResearch, Clinique Sainte-Clotilde, 127 Route de Bois de Nèfles, 97400 Saint-Denis, La Réunion, France;
| | - Fabien Dutheil
- Service de Radiothérapie, Clinique Sainte-Clotilde, Groupe Clinifutur, 127 Route de Bois de Nèfles, 97400 Saint-Denis, La Réunion, France; (M.B.); (F.D.)
- Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire de Recherche en Santé (LIRS), RunResearch, Clinique Sainte-Clotilde, 127 Route de Bois de Nèfles, 97400 Saint-Denis, La Réunion, France;
| | - Philippe Gasque
- Unité de Recherche Études Pharmaco-Immunologiques (EPI), Université de La Réunion, CHU de La Réunion, Allée des Topazes, 97400 Saint-Denis, La Réunion, France; (F.A.-P.); (M.K.); (P.G.)
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6
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Ghasemi Darestani N, Gilmanova AI, Al-Gazally ME, Zekiy AO, Ansari MJ, Zabibah RS, Jawad MA, Al-Shalah SAJ, Rizaev JA, Alnassar YS, Mohammed NM, Mustafa YF, Darvishi M, Akhavan-Sigari R. Mesenchymal stem cell-released oncolytic virus: an innovative strategy for cancer treatment. Cell Commun Signal 2023; 21:43. [PMID: 36829187 PMCID: PMC9960453 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-022-01012-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Accepted: 12/10/2022] [Indexed: 02/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Oncolytic viruses (OVs) infect, multiply, and finally remove tumor cells selectively, causing no damage to normal cells in the process. Because of their specific features, such as, the ability to induce immunogenic cell death and to contain curative transgenes in their genomes, OVs have attracted attention as candidates to be utilized in cooperation with immunotherapies for cancer treatment. This treatment takes advantage of most tumor cells' inherent tendency to be infected by certain OVs and both innate and adaptive immune responses are elicited by OV infection and oncolysis. OVs can also modulate tumor microenvironment and boost anti-tumor immune responses. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) are gathering interest as promising anti-cancer treatments with the ability to address a wide range of cancers. MSCs exhibit tumor-trophic migration characteristics, allowing them to be used as delivery vehicles for successful, targeted treatment of isolated tumors and metastatic malignancies. Preclinical and clinical research were reviewed in this study to discuss using MSC-released OVs as a novel method for the treatment of cancer. Video Abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Anna I Gilmanova
- Department of Prosthetic Dentistry of the I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russian Federation
| | | | - Angelina O Zekiy
- Department of Prosthetic Dentistry of the I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Mohammad Javed Ansari
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rahman S Zabibah
- Medical Laboratory Technology Department, College of Medical Technology, The Islamic University, Najaf, Iraq
| | | | - Saif A J Al-Shalah
- Medical Laboratories Techniques Department, Al-Mustaqbal University College, Babylon, Iraq
| | - Jasur Alimdjanovich Rizaev
- Department of Public Health and Healthcare Management, Rector, Samarkand State Medical University, Samarkand, Uzbekistan
| | | | | | - Yasser Fakri Mustafa
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Mosul, Mosul, 41001, Iraq
| | - Mohammad Darvishi
- Department of Aerospace and Subaquatic Medicine, Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine Research Center (IDTMRC), AJA University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Reza Akhavan-Sigari
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Medical Center, Tuebingen, Germany.,Department of Health Care Management and Clinical Research, Collegium Humanum Warsaw Management University, Warsaw, Poland
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The Role of Mesenchymal Stem Cells and Exosomes in Tumor Development and Targeted Antitumor Therapies. Stem Cells Int 2023; 2023:7059289. [PMID: 36824409 PMCID: PMC9943627 DOI: 10.1155/2023/7059289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2022] [Revised: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 02/03/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) can be isolated from various tissues in adults and differentiated into cells of the osteoblasts, adipocytes, chondrocytes, and myocytes. Recruitments of MSCs towards tumors have a crucial contribution to tumor development. However, the role of MSCs in the tumor microenvironment is uncertain. In addition, due to its tropism to the tumor and low immunogenic properties, more and more pieces of evidence indicate that MSCs may be an ideal carrier for antitumor biologics such as cytokines, chemotherapeutic agents, and oncolytic viruses. Here, we review the existing knowledge on the anti- and protumorigenic effect of MSCs and their extracellular vesicles and exosomes, the role of MSCs, and their extracellular vesicles and exosomes as antitumor vectors.
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Nilson R, Lübbers O, Schmidt CQ, Rojewski M, Zeplin PH, Funk W, Schrezenmeier H, Kritzinger A, Kochanek S, Krutzke L. Hexon modification of human adenovirus type 5 vectors enables efficient transduction of human multipotent mesenchymal stromal cells. Mol Ther Methods Clin Dev 2022; 25:96-110. [PMID: 35402633 PMCID: PMC8956844 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtm.2022.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2022] [Accepted: 03/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
In adenovirus type 5 (HAdV-5)-derived viral vectors, the fiber protein has been the preferred locale for modifications to alter the natural viral tropism. Hexon, the most abundant capsid protein, has rarely been used for retargeting purposes, likely because the insertion of larger targeting peptides into Hexon often interferes with the assembly of the viral capsid. We previously observed that positively charged molecules enhance the transduction of human multipotent mesenchymal stromal cells (hMSCs)—a cell type of significant interest for clinical development but inefficiently transduced by unmodified HAdV-5-based vectors. As efficient HAdV-5-mediated gene transfer would greatly increase the therapeutic potential of hMSCs, we tested the hypothesis that introducing positively charged amino acids into Hexon might enhance the transduction of hMSCs, enabling efficient expression of selected transgenes. From the constructs that could be rescued as functional virions, one (HAdV-5-HexPos3) showed striking transduction of hMSCs with up to 500-fold increased efficiency. Evaluation of the underlying mechanism identified heparan sulfate proteoglycans (HSPGs) to be essential for virus uptake by the cells. The ease and efficiency of transduction of hMSCs with this vector will facilitate the development of genetically modified hMSCs as therapeutic vehicles in different disciplines, including oncology or regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robin Nilson
- Department of Gene Therapy, University of Ulm, Helmholtzstraße 8/1, 89081 Ulm, Baden-Württemberg, Germany
| | - Olivia Lübbers
- Department of Gene Therapy, University of Ulm, Helmholtzstraße 8/1, 89081 Ulm, Baden-Württemberg, Germany
| | - Christoph Q Schmidt
- Department of Applied Immunology and Immunopharmacology, University Medical Center Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Markus Rojewski
- Institute for Transfusion Medicine, University Medical Center Ulm, Ulm, Germany.,Institute for Clinical Transfusion Medicine and Immunogenetics Ulm, German Red Cross Blood Donation Service, Ulm, Germany
| | - Philip Helge Zeplin
- Schlosspark Klinik Ludwigsburg, Privatklinik für Plastische und Ästhetische Chirurgie, Ludwigsburg, Germany
| | | | - Hubert Schrezenmeier
- Institute for Transfusion Medicine, University Medical Center Ulm, Ulm, Germany.,Institute for Clinical Transfusion Medicine and Immunogenetics Ulm, German Red Cross Blood Donation Service, Ulm, Germany
| | - Astrid Kritzinger
- Department of Gene Therapy, University of Ulm, Helmholtzstraße 8/1, 89081 Ulm, Baden-Württemberg, Germany
| | - Stefan Kochanek
- Department of Gene Therapy, University of Ulm, Helmholtzstraße 8/1, 89081 Ulm, Baden-Württemberg, Germany
| | - Lea Krutzke
- Department of Gene Therapy, University of Ulm, Helmholtzstraße 8/1, 89081 Ulm, Baden-Württemberg, Germany
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Tumor-Homing of Mesenchymal Stem Cells Infected with Oncolytic Virus in a Canine Patient. Vet Sci 2022; 9:vetsci9060285. [PMID: 35737337 PMCID: PMC9228126 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci9060285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2022] [Revised: 06/04/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Intravenous administration of oncolytic adenovirus (OAds) can be challenging, although various vehicles for the delivery of the virus to the tumor have been described. The efficacy of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) as a virus vehicle has been reported in mouse models and canine and human patients, but the actual action mechanism has never been described in patients. It is of importance to determine whether MSCs infected with OAds can reach the tumor and release the virus in a clinical setting. For this purpose, GFP-labeled MSCs were infected with an OAd and inoculated into a companion dog diagnosed with spontaneous lung carcinoma. Forty-eight hours later, the tumor was excised and analyzed microscopically by flow cytometry for GFP fluorescence detection, and a cellular culture was established. Peripheral blood samples were taken to quantify the oncolytic adenovirus by qRT-PCR. Green fluorescence cells detected in the cellular culture by microscopy and flow cytometry revealed 0.69% GFP-positive cells in the tumor. OAd in peripheral blood was confirmed by qRT-PCR during follow-up. For the first time, the tumoral-homing capacity of OAds infected-MSC has been confirmed in a clinical setting, helping to explain the clinical response mechanism, whose efficacy was previously reported in canine and human patients.
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10
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Mesenchymal stem cells: A living carrier for active tumor-targeted delivery. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2022; 185:114300. [PMID: 35447165 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2022.114300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2021] [Revised: 03/22/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The strategy of using mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) as a living carrier for active delivery of therapeutic agents targeting tumor sites has been attempted in a wide range of studies to validate the feasibility and efficacy for tumor treatment. This approach reveals powerful tumor targeting and tumor penetration. In addition, MSCs have been confirmed to actively participate in immunomodulation of the tumor microenvironment. Thus, MSCs are not inert delivery vehicles but have a strong impact on the fate of tumor cells. In this review, these active properties of MSCs are addressed to highlight the advantages and challenges of using MSCs for tumor-targeted delivery. In addition, some of the latest examples of using MSCs to carry a variety of anti-tumor agents for tumor-targeted therapy are summarized. Recent technologies to improve the performance and safety of this delivery strategy will be introduced. The advances, applications, and challenges summarized in this review will provide a general understanding of this promising strategy for actively delivering drugs to tumor tissues.
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11
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Breast Cancer Therapy: The Potential Role of Mesenchymal Stem Cells in Translational Biomedical Research. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10051179. [PMID: 35625915 PMCID: PMC9138371 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10051179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Revised: 05/06/2022] [Accepted: 05/18/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The potential role of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) in the treatment of metastatic cancers, including breast cancer, has been investigated for many years leading to encouraging results. The role of fat grafting and the related adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (AD-MSCs) has been detailed and described for breast reconstruction purposes confirming the safety of AD-MSCs. MSCs have great potential for delivering anticancer agents, suicide genes, and oncolytic viruses to tumors. Currently, many studies have focused on the products of MSCs, including extracellular vesicles (EVs), as a cell-free therapy. This work aimed to review and discuss the current knowledge on MSCs and their EVs in breast cancer therapy.
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12
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Effects of Cell Density and Microenvironment on Stem Cell Mitochondria Transfer among Human Adipose-Derived Stem Cells and HEK293 Tumorigenic Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23042003. [PMID: 35216117 PMCID: PMC8876000 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23042003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2021] [Revised: 02/07/2022] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Stem cells (SC) are largely known for their potential to restore damaged tissue through various known mechanisms. Among these mechanisms is their ability to transfer healthy mitochondria to injured cells to rescue them. This mitochondrial transfer plays a critical role in the healing process. To determine the optimal parameters for inducing mitochondrial transfer between cells, we assessed mitochondrial transfer as a function of seeding density and in two-dimensional (2D) and semi three-dimensional (2.5D) culture models. Since mitochondrial transfer can occur through direct contact or secretion, the 2.5D culture model utilizes collagen to provide cells with a more physiologically relevant extracellular matrix and offers a more realistic representation of cell attachment and movement. Results demonstrate the dependence of mitochondrial transfer on cell density and the distance between donor and recipient cell. Furthermore, the differences found between the transfer of mitochondria in 2D and 2.5D microenvironments suggest an optimal mode of mitochondria transport. Using these parameters, we explored the effects on mitochondrial transfer between SCs and tumorigenic cells. HEK293 (HEK) is an immortalized cell line derived from human embryonic kidney cells which grow rapidly and form tumors in culture. Consequently, HEKs have been deemed tumorigenic and are widely used in cancer research. We observed mitochondrial transfer from SCs to HEK cells at significantly higher transfer rates when compared to a SC–SC co-culture system. Interestingly, our results also revealed an increase in the migratory ability of HEK cells when cultured with SCs. As more researchers find co-localization of stem cells and tumors in the human body, these results could be used to better understand their biological relationship and lead to enhanced therapeutic applications.
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13
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Kim JH, Oh E, Yun CW, Lee SH, Song YS. Carboxyl Esterase-TRAIL Expressing Human Adipose Stem Cells Inhibit Tumor Growth in Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer-Bearing Mice with Less Toxicity. Technol Cancer Res Treat 2022; 21:15330338221093146. [PMID: 35491733 PMCID: PMC9069602 DOI: 10.1177/15330338221093146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
It has been proposed that CRPC treatment with reduced systemic toxicity can be achieved by employing genes that express enzymes that activate pharmacological agents. In this paper, we report our study that used human adipose-derived stem cells (ADSC), rabbit CE, and human TRAIL with reduced toxicity to explore how tumor development can be suppressed in CRPC-bearing mouse models. In vitro and in vivo directional migration of ADSC.CE.sTRAIL cells toward PC3 cells was significantly stimulated.ADSC.CE.sTRAIL showed higher suicide effects than did ADSC, ADSC.CE, or ADSC.sTRAIL under CPT-11 treatment. PC3 cells co-cultured with ADSC.CE.TRAIL showed higher cytotoxicity than did CPT-11 monotherapy, ADSC.CE, or ADSC.sTRAIL under CPT-11 treatment. ADSC.CE.sTRAIL showed higher apoptosis than did CPT-11 monotherapy, ADSC.CE, or ADSC.sTRAIL under CPT-11 treatment. In the in vivo study, ADSC.CE.sTRAIL inhibited tumor growth more than did CPT-11 monotherapy, ADSC.CE, or ADSC.sTRAIL under CPT-11 treatment. The evidence suggests that patients' own ADSC could be used in clinical trials for CRPC treatment based on therapeutic stem cells that express CE and TRAIL complex genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae Heon Kim
- Department of Urology, Soonchunhyang University Seoul Hospital, Soonchunhyang University Medical College, Seoul, Korea
| | - Eunjeong Oh
- Department of Pharmacology, 37977Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Chul Won Yun
- Medical Science Research Institute, 71544Soonchunhyang University Seoul Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Hun Lee
- Medical Science Research Institute, 71544Soonchunhyang University Seoul Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yun Seob Song
- Department of Urology, Soonchunhyang University Seoul Hospital, Soonchunhyang University Medical College, Seoul, Korea
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14
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Abstract
The multipotent mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSCs), initially discovered from bone marrow in 1976, have been identified in nearly all tissues of human body now. The multipotency of MSCs allows them to give rise to osteocytes, chondrocytes, adipocytes, and other lineages. Moreover, armed with the immunomodulation capacity and tumor-homing property, MSCs are of special relevance for cell-based therapies in the treatment of cancer. However, hampered by lack of knowledge about the controversial roles that MSC plays in the crosstalk with tumors, limited progress has been made with regard to translational medicine. Therefore, in this review, we discuss the prospects of MSC-associated anticancer strategies in light of therapeutic mechanisms and signal transduction pathways. In addition, the clinical trials designed to appraise the efficacy and safety of MSC-based anticancer therapies will be assessed according to published data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianxia Lan
- Laboratory of Aging Research and Cancer Drug Target, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 17, Block 3, Southern Renmin Road, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Min Luo
- Laboratory of Aging Research and Cancer Drug Target, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 17, Block 3, Southern Renmin Road, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, People's Republic of China.
| | - Xiawei Wei
- Laboratory of Aging Research and Cancer Drug Target, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 17, Block 3, Southern Renmin Road, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, People's Republic of China.
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15
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Abd-Aziz N, Poh CL. Development of oncolytic viruses for cancer therapy. Transl Res 2021; 237:98-123. [PMID: 33905949 DOI: 10.1016/j.trsl.2021.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2020] [Revised: 04/15/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Oncolytic virotherapy is a therapeutic approach that uses replication-competent viruses to kill cancers. The ability of oncolytic viruses to selectively replicate in cancer cells leads to direct cell lysis and induction of anticancer immune response. Like other anticancer therapies, oncolytic virotherapy has several limitations such as viral delivery to the target, penetration into the tumor mass, and antiviral immune responses. This review provides an insight into the different characteristics of oncolytic viruses (natural and genetically modified) that contribute to effective applications of oncolytic virotherapy in preclinical and clinical trials, and strategies to overcome the limitations. The potential of oncolytic virotherapy combining with other conventional treatments or cancer immunotherapies involving immune checkpoint inhibitors and CAR-T therapy could form part of future multimodality treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noraini Abd-Aziz
- Centre for Virus and Vaccine Research (CVVR), School of Medical and Life Sciences, Sunway University, Subang Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Chit Laa Poh
- Centre for Virus and Vaccine Research (CVVR), School of Medical and Life Sciences, Sunway University, Subang Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia.
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16
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Gonzalez-Pastor R, Hernandez Y, Gimeno M, de Martino A, Man YS, Hallden G, Quintanilla M, de la Fuente JM, Martin-Duque P. Coating an adenovirus with functionalized gold nanoparticles favors uptake, intracellular trafficking and anti-cancer therapeutic efficacy. Acta Biomater 2021; 134:593-604. [PMID: 34325075 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2021.07.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2021] [Revised: 07/14/2021] [Accepted: 07/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Adenoviral (Ad) vectors have proven to be important tools for gene and cell therapy, although some issues still need to be addressed, such as undesired interactions with blood components and off-target sequestration that ultimately hamper efficacy. In the past years, several organic and inorganic materials have been developed to reduce immunogenicity and improve biodistribution of Ad vectors. Here we investigated the influence of the functionalization of 14 nm PEGylated gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) with quaternary ammonium groups and an arginine-glycine-aspartic acid (RGD)-motif on the uptake and biodistribution of Ad vectors. We report the formation of Ad@AuNPs complexes that promote cell attachment and uptake, independently of the presence of the coxsackievirus and adenovirus receptor (CAR) and αvβ3 and αvβ5 integrins, significantly improving transduction without limiting Ad bioactivity. Besides, the presence of the RGD peptide favors tumor targeting and decreases Ad sequestration in the liver. Additionally, tumor delivery of a coated Ad vector expressing the human sodium iodide symporter (hNIS) by mesenchymal stem cells induces increased accumulation of radioactive iodine (131I) and tumor volume reduction compared to naked Ad-hNIS, highlighting the promising potential of our coating formulation in cancer gene therapy. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: Modification of adenoviral vectors with lipids and polymers can reduce interactions with blood components and increase tumor accumulation; however, increased toxicity and reduced transduction efficiency were indicated. Coating with gold nanoparticles has proven to be a successful strategy for increasing the efficiency of transduction of receptor-defective cell lines. Here we explore the contribution of cell surface receptors on the mechanisms of entry of Ad vectors coated with gold nanoparticles in cell lines with varying degrees of resistance to infection. The enhancement of the anti-tumoral effect shown in this work provides new evidence for the potential of our formulation.
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17
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Huang GH, Zhang YH, Chen L, Li Y, Huang T, Cai YD. Identifying Lung Cancer Cell Markers with Machine Learning Methods and Single-Cell RNA-Seq Data. Life (Basel) 2021; 11:life11090940. [PMID: 34575089 PMCID: PMC8467493 DOI: 10.3390/life11090940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2021] [Revised: 09/03/2021] [Accepted: 09/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-small cell lung cancer is a major lethal subtype of epithelial lung cancer, with high morbidity and mortality. The single-cell sequencing technique plays a key role in exploring the pathogenesis of non-small cell lung cancer. We proposed a computational method for distinguishing cell subtypes from the different pathological regions of non-small cell lung cancer on the basis of transcriptomic profiles, including a group of qualitative classification criteria (biomarkers) and various rules. The random forest classifier reached a Matthew’s correlation coefficient (MCC) of 0.922 by using 720 features, and the decision tree reached an MCC of 0.786 by using 1880 features. The obtained biomarkers and rules were analyzed in the end of this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guo-Hua Huang
- School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China;
- Department of Mechanical and Energy Engineering, Shaoyang University, Shaoyang 422000, China;
| | - Yu-Hang Zhang
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA;
| | - Lei Chen
- Department of College of Information Engineering, Shanghai Maritime University, Shanghai 201306, China;
| | - You Li
- Department of Mechanical and Energy Engineering, Shaoyang University, Shaoyang 422000, China;
| | - Tao Huang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tissue Microenvironment and Tumor, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
- Correspondence: (T.H.); (Y.-D.C.); Tel.: +86-21-54923269 (T.H.); +86-21-66136132 (Y.-D.C.)
| | - Yu-Dong Cai
- School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China;
- Correspondence: (T.H.); (Y.-D.C.); Tel.: +86-21-54923269 (T.H.); +86-21-66136132 (Y.-D.C.)
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18
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Rat Adipose-Derived Stromal Cells (ADSCs) Increases the Glioblastoma Growth and Decreases the Animal Survival. Stem Cell Rev Rep 2021; 18:1495-1509. [PMID: 34403074 DOI: 10.1007/s12015-021-10227-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Many studies have shown that mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) and their secreted factors may modulate the biology of tumor cells. However, how these interactions happen in vivo remains unclear. In the present study, we investigated the effects of rat adipose-derived stromal cells (ADSCs) and their conditioned medium (ADSC-CM) in glioma tumor growth and malignancy in vivo. Our results showed that when we co-injected C6 cells plus ADSCs into the rat brains, the tumors generated were larger and the animals exhibited shorter survival, when compared with tumors of the animals that received only C6 cells or C6 cells pre-treated with ADSC-CM. We further showed that the animals that received C6 plus ADSC did not present enhanced expression of CD73 (a gene highly expressed in ADSCs), indicating that the tumor volume observed in these animals was not a mere consequence of the higher density of cells administered in this group. Finally, we showed that the animals that received C6 + ADSC presented tumors with larger necrosis areas and greater infiltration of immune cells. These results indicate that the immunoregulatory properties of ADSCs and its contribution to tumor stroma can support tumor growth leading to larger zones of necrosis, recruitment of immune cells, thus facilitating tumor progression. Our data provide new insights into the way by which ADSCs and tumor cells interact and highlight the importance of understanding the fate and roles of MSCs in tumor sites in vivo, as well as their intricate crosstalk with cancer cells.
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19
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Hassanzadeh A, Altajer AH, Rahman HS, Saleh MM, Bokov DO, Abdelbasset WK, Marofi F, Zamani M, Yaghoubi Y, Yazdanifar M, Pathak Y, Chartrand MS, Jarahian M. Mesenchymal Stem/Stromal Cell-Based Delivery: A Rapidly Evolving Strategy for Cancer Therapy. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:686453. [PMID: 34322483 PMCID: PMC8311597 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.686453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2021] [Accepted: 06/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem/stromal cell (MSC)-based therapy has become an attractive and advanced scientific research area in the context of cancer therapy. This interest is closely linked to the MSC-marked tropism for tumors, suggesting them as a rational and effective vehicle for drug delivery for both hematological and solid malignancies. Nonetheless, the therapeutic application of the MSCs in human tumors is still controversial because of the induction of several signaling pathways largely contributing to tumor progression and metastasis. In spite of some evidence supporting that MSCs may sustain cancer pathogenesis, increasing proofs have indicated the suppressive influences of MSCs on tumor cells. During the last years, a myriad of preclinical and some clinical studies have been carried out or are ongoing to address the safety and efficacy of the MSC-based delivery of therapeutic agents in diverse types of malignancies. A large number of studies have focused on the MSC application as delivery vehicles for tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL), chemotherapeutic drug such as gemcitabine (GCB), paclitaxel (PTX), and doxorubicin (DOX), prodrugs such as 5-fluorocytosine (5-FC) and ganciclovir (GCV), and immune cell-activating cytokines along with oncolytic virus. In the current review, we evaluate the latest findings rendering the potential of MSCs to be employed as potent gene/drug delivery vehicle for inducing tumor regression with a special focus on the in vivo reports performed during the last two decades.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Hassanzadeh
- Department of Applied Cell Sciences, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Heshu Sulaiman Rahman
- College of Medicine, University of Sulaimani, Sulaymaniyah, Iraq
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Komar University of Science and Technology, Sulaymaniyah, Iraq
| | - Marwan Mahmood Saleh
- Department of Biophysics, College of Applied Sciences, University of Anbar, Ramadi, Iraq
| | - Dmitry O. Bokov
- Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Walid Kamal Abdelbasset
- Department of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University, Al Kharj, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Physical Therapy, Kasr Al-Aini Hospital, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Faroogh Marofi
- Immunology Research Center (IRC), Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Majid Zamani
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Allied Medicine, Gonabad University of Medical Sciences, Gonabad, Iran
| | - Yoda Yaghoubi
- Stem Cell Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mahboubeh Yazdanifar
- Stem Cell Transplantation and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA, United States
| | - Yashwant Pathak
- Professor and Associate Dean for Faculty Affairs, Taneja College of Pharmacy, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, United States
- Adjunct Professor, Faculty of Pharmacy, Airlangga University, Surabaya, Indonesia
| | | | - Mostafa Jarahian
- German Cancer Research Center, Toxicology and Chemotherapy Unit (G401), Heidelberg, Germany
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20
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Mercer-Smith AR, Findlay IA, Bomba HN, Hingtgen SD. Intravenously Infused Stem Cells for Cancer Treatment. Stem Cell Rev Rep 2021; 17:2025-2041. [PMID: 34138421 DOI: 10.1007/s12015-021-10192-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Despite the recent influx of immunotherapies and small molecule drugs to treat tumors, cancer remains a leading cause of death in the United States, in large part due to the difficulties of treating metastatic cancer. Stem cells, which are inherently tumoritropic, provide a useful drug delivery vehicle to target both primary and metastatic tumors. Intravenous infusions of stem cells carrying or secreting therapeutic payloads show significant promise in the treatment of cancer. Stem cells may be engineered to secrete cytotoxic products, loaded with oncolytic viruses or nanoparticles containing small molecule drugs, or conjugated with immunotherapies. Herein we describe these preclinical and clinical studies, discuss the distribution and migration of stem cells following intravenous infusion, and examine both the limitations of and the methods to improve the migration and therapeutic efficacy of tumoritropic, therapeutic stem cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alison R Mercer-Smith
- Division of Pharmacoengineering and Molecular Pharmaceutics, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, North Carolina, Chapel Hill, 27599, USA
| | - Ingrid A Findlay
- Division of Pharmacoengineering and Molecular Pharmaceutics, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, North Carolina, Chapel Hill, 27599, USA
| | - Hunter N Bomba
- Division of Pharmacoengineering and Molecular Pharmaceutics, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, North Carolina, Chapel Hill, 27599, USA
| | - Shawn D Hingtgen
- Division of Pharmacoengineering and Molecular Pharmaceutics, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, North Carolina, Chapel Hill, 27599, USA. .,Department of Neurosurgery, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, North Carolina, Chapel Hill, 27599, USA.
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21
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Ho CT, Wu MH, Chen MJ, Lin SP, Yen YT, Hung SC. Combination of Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Delivered Oncolytic Virus with Prodrug Activation Increases Efficacy and Safety of Colorectal Cancer Therapy. Biomedicines 2021; 9:548. [PMID: 34068264 PMCID: PMC8153168 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9050548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2021] [Revised: 05/04/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Although oncolytic viruses are currently being evaluated for cancer treatment in clinical trials, systemic administration is hindered by many factors that prevent them from reaching the tumor cells. When administered systemically, mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) target tumors, and therefore constitute good cell carriers for oncolytic viruses. MSCs were primed with trichostatin A under hypoxia, which upregulated the expression of CXCR4, a chemokine receptor involved in tumor tropism, and coxsackievirus and adenovirus receptor that plays an important role in adenoviral infection. After priming, MSCs were loaded with conditionally replicative adenovirus that exhibits limited proliferation in cells with a functional p53 pathway and encodes Escherichia coli nitroreductase (NTR) enzymes (CRAdNTR) for targeting tumor cells. Primed MSCs increased tumor tropism and susceptibility to adenoviral infection, and successfully protected CRAdNTR from neutralization by anti-adenovirus antibodies both in vitro and in vivo, and specifically targeted p53-deficient colorectal tumors when infused intravenously. Analyses of deproteinized tissues by UPLC-MS/QTOF revealed that these MSCs converted the co-administered prodrug CB1954 into cytotoxic metabolites, such as 4-hydroxylamine and 2-amine, inducing oncolysis and tumor growth inhibition without being toxic for the host vital organs. This study shows that the combination of oncolytic viruses delivered by MSCs with the activation of prodrugs is a new cancer treatment strategy that provides a new approach for the development of oncolytic viral therapy for various cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Te Ho
- Drug Development Center, Institute of New Drug Development, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan; (C.-T.H.); (Y.-T.Y.)
- Integrative Stem Cell Center, Department of Orthopaedics, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 404, Taiwan
| | - Mei-Hsuan Wu
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 112, Taiwan; (M.-H.W.); (S.-P.L.)
| | - Ming-Jen Chen
- Department of Surgery, MacKay Memorial Hospital & Department of Medicine, MacKay Medical College, New Taipei City 252, Taiwan;
| | - Shih-Pei Lin
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 112, Taiwan; (M.-H.W.); (S.-P.L.)
| | - Yu-Ting Yen
- Drug Development Center, Institute of New Drug Development, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan; (C.-T.H.); (Y.-T.Y.)
- Integrative Stem Cell Center, Department of Orthopaedics, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 404, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Chieh Hung
- Drug Development Center, Institute of New Drug Development, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan; (C.-T.H.); (Y.-T.Y.)
- Integrative Stem Cell Center, Department of Orthopaedics, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 404, Taiwan
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22
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Seyed-Khorrami SM, Soleimanjahi H, Soudi S, Habibian A. MSCs loaded with oncolytic reovirus: migration and in vivo virus delivery potential for evaluating anti-cancer effect in tumor-bearing C57BL/6 mice. Cancer Cell Int 2021; 21:244. [PMID: 33933086 PMCID: PMC8088007 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-021-01848-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2020] [Accepted: 02/20/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and aims Several oncolytic viruses applications have been approved in the clinic or in different phases of clinical trials. However, these methods have some rudimentary problems. Therefore, to enhance the delivery and quality of treatment, considering the advantage of cell carrier-based methods such as Mesenchymal Stem Cells (MSC) have been proposed. This study was designed to evaluate the performance and quality of cancer treatment based on MSCs loaded by oncolytic reovirus in the cancerous C57BL/6 mouse model. Also, we evaluated MSCs migration potency in vitro and in vivo following the oncolytic reovirus infection. Methods C57BL/6 mice were inoculated with TC-1 cell lines and tumors were established in the right flank. Mice were systemically treated with reovirus, MSCs-loaded with reovirus, MSCs, and PBS as a control in separated groups. Effects of infected AD-MSCs with reovirus on tumor growth and penetration in the tumor site were monitored. All groups of mice were monitored for two months in order to therapeutic and anticancer potential. After treatments, tumor size alteration and apoptosis rate, as well as cytokine release pattern was assessed. Results The results of the current study indicated that the effect of reovirus infection on AD-MSCs is not devastating the migration capacity especially in MOI 1 and 5 while intact cells remain. On the other hand, MSCs play an efficient role as a carrier to deliver oncolytic virus into the tumor site in comparison with systemic administration of reovirus alone. Apoptosis intensity relies on viral titration and passing time. Followed by systemic administration, treatment with oncolytic reovirus-infected AD-MSCs and MSCs alone had shown significant inhibition in tumor growth. Also, treatment by reovirus causes an increase in IFN-γ secretion. Conclusion The results of in vitro and in vivo study confirmed the tumor-homing properties of infected AD-MSCs and the significant antitumor activity of this platform. Hence, our results showed that the cell carrier strategy using oncolytic reovirus-loaded AD-MSCs enhanced virus delivery, infiltration, and antitumor activity can be effectively applied in most cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hoorieh Soleimanjahi
- Department of Virology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Sara Soudi
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ala Habibian
- Department of Virology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
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23
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The Potential of Mesenchymal Stromal Cells in Neuroblastoma Therapy for Delivery of Anti-Cancer Agents and Hematopoietic Recovery. J Pers Med 2021; 11:jpm11030161. [PMID: 33668854 PMCID: PMC7996318 DOI: 10.3390/jpm11030161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2021] [Revised: 02/19/2021] [Accepted: 02/21/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Neuroblastoma is one of the most common pediatric cancers and a major cause of cancer-related death in infancy. Conventional therapies including high-dose chemotherapy, stem cell transplantation, and immunotherapy approach a limit in the treatment of high-risk neuroblastoma and prevention of relapse. In the last two decades, research unraveled a potential use of mesenchymal stromal cells in tumor therapy, as tumor-selective delivery vehicles for therapeutic compounds and oncolytic viruses and by means of supporting hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Based on pre-clinical and clinical advances in neuroblastoma and other malignancies, we assess both the strong potential and the associated risks of using mesenchymal stromal cells in the therapy for neuroblastoma. Furthermore, we examine feasibility and safety aspects and discuss future directions for harnessing the advantageous properties of mesenchymal stromal cells for the advancement of therapy success.
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24
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Moreno R. Mesenchymal stem cells and oncolytic viruses: joining forces against cancer. J Immunother Cancer 2021; 9:e001684. [PMID: 33558278 PMCID: PMC7871674 DOI: 10.1136/jitc-2020-001684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The development of oncolytic viruses (OVs) has increased significantly in the past 20 years, with many candidates entering clinical trials and three of them receiving approval for some indications. Recently, OVs have also gathered interest as candidates to use in combination with immunotherapies for cancer due to their immunogenic properties, which include immunogenic cell death and the possibility to carry therapeutic transgenes in their genomes. OVs transform non-immunogenic 'cold' tumors into inflamed immunogenic 'hot' tumors, where immunotherapies show the highest efficacy. However, in monotherapy or in combination with immunotherapy, OVs face numerous challenges that limit their successful application, in particular upon systemic administration, such as liver sequestration, neutralizing interactions in blood, physical barriers to infection, and fast clearance by the immune system. In this regard, the use of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) as cells carrier for OV delivery addresses many of these obstacles acting as virus carriers and factories, expressing additional transgenes, and modulating the immune system. Here, I review the current progress of OVs-loaded MSCs in cancer, focusing on their interaction with the immune system, and discuss new strategies to improve their therapeutic efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael Moreno
- Virotherapy and immunotherapy group, ProCURE Program, Catalan Institute of Oncology - ICO, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain
- Cancer Virotherapy group, Oncobell Program, Institutd'Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge - IDIBELL, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain
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25
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Liang W, Chen X, Zhang S, Fang J, Chen M, Xu Y, Chen X. Mesenchymal stem cells as a double-edged sword in tumor growth: focusing on MSC-derived cytokines. Cell Mol Biol Lett 2021; 26:3. [PMID: 33472580 PMCID: PMC7818947 DOI: 10.1186/s11658-020-00246-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2020] [Accepted: 12/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) show homing capacity towards tumor sites. Numerous reports indicate that they are involved in multiple tumor-promoting processes through several mechanisms, including immunosuppression; stimulation of angiogenesis; transition to cancer-associated fibroblasts; inhibition of cancer cell apoptosis; induction of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT); and increase metastasis and chemoresistance. However, other studies have shown that MSCs suppress tumor growth by suppressing angiogenesis, incrementing inflammatory infiltration, apoptosis and cell cycle arrest, and inhibiting the AKT and Wnt signaling pathways. In this review, we discuss the supportive and suppressive impacts of MSCs on tumor progression and metastasis. We also discuss MSC-based therapeutic strategies for cancer based on their potential for homing to tumor sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenqing Liang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Zhoushan Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine Affiliated to Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, 355 Xinqiao Road, Dinghai District, Zhoushan, 316000, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China.
| | - Xiaozhen Chen
- College of Medicine, Shaoxing University, Shaoxing, 312000, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Songou Zhang
- College of Medicine, Shaoxing University, Shaoxing, 312000, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian Fang
- College of Medicine, Shaoxing University, Shaoxing, 312000, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Meikai Chen
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shaoxing People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shaoxing University, Shaoxing, 312000, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Yifan Xu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shaoxing People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shaoxing University, Shaoxing, 312000, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuerong Chen
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shaoxing People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shaoxing University, Shaoxing, 312000, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
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26
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Hochheuser C, Windt LJ, Kunze NY, de Vos DL, Tytgat GA, Voermans C, Timmerman I. Mesenchymal Stromal Cells in Neuroblastoma: Exploring Crosstalk and Therapeutic Implications. Stem Cells Dev 2021; 30:59-78. [PMID: 33287630 PMCID: PMC7826431 DOI: 10.1089/scd.2020.0142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Neuroblastoma (NB) is the second most common solid cancer in childhood, accounting for 15% of cancer-related deaths in children. In high-risk NB patients, the majority suffers from metastasis. Despite intensive multimodal treatment, long-term survival remains <40%. The bone marrow (BM) is among the most common sites of distant metastasis in patients with high-risk NB. In this environment, small populations of tumor cells can persist after treatment (minimal residual disease) and induce relapse. Therapy resistance of these residual tumor cells in BM remains a major obstacle for the cure of NB. A detailed understanding of the microenvironment and its role in tumor progression is of utmost importance for improving the treatment efficiency of NB. In BM, mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) constitute an important part of the microenvironment, where they support hematopoiesis and modulate immune responses. Their role in tumor progression is not completely understood, especially for NB. Although MSCs have been found to promote epithelial-mesenchymal transition, tumor growth, and metastasis and to induce chemoresistance, some reports point toward a tumor-suppressive effect of MSCs. In this review, we aim to compile current knowledge about the role of MSCs in NB development and progression. We evaluate arguments that depict tumor-supportive versus -suppressive properties of MSCs in the context of NB and give an overview of factors involved in MSC-NB crosstalk. A focus lies on the BM as a metastatic niche, since that is the predominant site for NB metastasis and relapse. Finally, we will present opportunities and challenges for therapeutic targeting of MSCs in the BM microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Hochheuser
- Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory, Department of Hematopoiesis, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Princess Maxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Laurens J. Windt
- Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory, Department of Hematopoiesis, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Nina Y. Kunze
- Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory, Department of Hematopoiesis, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Dieuwke L. de Vos
- Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory, Department of Hematopoiesis, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | | | - Carlijn Voermans
- Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory, Department of Hematopoiesis, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Ilse Timmerman
- Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory, Department of Hematopoiesis, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Princess Maxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, Utrecht, the Netherlands
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27
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Golinelli G, Mastrolia I, Aramini B, Masciale V, Pinelli M, Pacchioni L, Casari G, Dall'Ora M, Soares MBP, Damasceno PKF, Silva DN, Dominici M, Grisendi G. Arming Mesenchymal Stromal/Stem Cells Against Cancer: Has the Time Come? Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:529921. [PMID: 33117154 PMCID: PMC7553050 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.529921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2020] [Accepted: 09/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Since mesenchymal stromal/stem cells (MSCs) were discovered, researchers have been drawn to study their peculiar biological features, including their immune privileged status and their capacity to selectively migrate into inflammatory areas, including tumors. These properties make MSCs promising cellular vehicles for the delivery of therapeutic molecules in the clinical setting. In recent decades, the engineering of MSCs into biological vehicles carrying anticancer compounds has been achieved in different ways, including the loading of MSCs with chemotherapeutics or drug functionalized nanoparticles (NPs), genetic modifications to force the production of anticancer proteins, and the use of oncolytic viruses. Recently, it has been demonstrated that wild-type and engineered MSCs can release extracellular vesicles (EVs) that contain therapeutic agents. Despite the enthusiasm for MSCs as cyto-pharmaceutical agents, many challenges, including controlling the fate of MSCs after administration, must still be considered. Preclinical results demonstrated that MSCs accumulate in lung, liver, and spleen, which could prevent their engraftment into tumor sites. For this reason, physical, physiological, and biological methods have been implemented to increase MSC concentration in the target tumors. Currently, there are more than 900 registered clinical trials using MSCs. Only a small fraction of these are investigating MSC-based therapies for cancer, but the number of these clinical trials is expected to increase as technology and our understanding of MSCs improve. This review will summarize MSC-based antitumor therapies to generate an increasing awareness of their potential and limits to accelerate their clinical translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Golinelli
- Laboratory of Cellular Therapy, Division of Oncology, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences for Children & Adults, University-Hospital of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Ilenia Mastrolia
- Laboratory of Cellular Therapy, Division of Oncology, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences for Children & Adults, University-Hospital of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Beatrice Aramini
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences for Children & Adults, University-Hospital of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Valentina Masciale
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences for Children & Adults, University-Hospital of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Massimo Pinelli
- Division of Plastic Surgery, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences for Children & Adults, University-Hospital of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Lucrezia Pacchioni
- Division of Plastic Surgery, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences for Children & Adults, University-Hospital of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Giulia Casari
- Laboratory of Cellular Therapy, Division of Oncology, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences for Children & Adults, University-Hospital of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Massimiliano Dall'Ora
- Laboratory of Cellular Therapy, Division of Oncology, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences for Children & Adults, University-Hospital of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Milena Botelho Pereira Soares
- Gonçalo Moniz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (FIOCRUZ), Salvador, Brazil.,Health Institute of Technology, SENAI-CIMATEC, Salvador, Brazil
| | - Patrícia Kauanna Fonseca Damasceno
- Gonçalo Moniz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (FIOCRUZ), Salvador, Brazil.,Health Institute of Technology, SENAI-CIMATEC, Salvador, Brazil
| | - Daniela Nascimento Silva
- Gonçalo Moniz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (FIOCRUZ), Salvador, Brazil.,Health Institute of Technology, SENAI-CIMATEC, Salvador, Brazil
| | - Massimo Dominici
- Laboratory of Cellular Therapy, Division of Oncology, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences for Children & Adults, University-Hospital of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy.,Rigenerand srl, Modena, Italy
| | - Giulia Grisendi
- Laboratory of Cellular Therapy, Division of Oncology, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences for Children & Adults, University-Hospital of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy.,Rigenerand srl, Modena, Italy
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28
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Gharbavi M, Sharafi A, Ghanbarzadeh S. Mesenchymal Stem Cells: A New Generation of Therapeutic Agents as Vehicles in Gene Therapy. Curr Gene Ther 2020; 20:269-284. [PMID: 32515309 DOI: 10.2174/1566523220666200607190339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2020] [Revised: 05/15/2020] [Accepted: 05/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
In recent years, mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) as a new tool for therapeutic gene delivery in clinics have attracted much attention. Their advantages cover longer lifespan, better isolation, and higher transfection efficiency and proliferation rate. MSCs are the preferred approach for cell-based therapies because of their in vitro self-renewal capacity, migrating especially to tumor tissues, as well as anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory properties. Therefore, they have considerable efficiency in genetic engineering for future clinical applications in cancer gene therapy and other diseases. For improving therapeutic efficiency, targeted therapy of cancers can be achieved through the sustained release of therapeutic agents and functional gene expression induction to the intended tissues. The development of a new vector in gene therapy can improve the durability of a transgene expression. Also, the safety of the vector, if administered systemically, may resolve several problems, such as durability of expression and the host immune response. Currently, MSCs are prominent candidates as cell vehicles for both preclinical and clinical trials due to the secretion of therapeutic agents in several cancers. In the present study, we discuss the status of gene therapy in both viral and non-viral vectors along with their limitations. Throughout this study, the use of several nano-carriers for gene therapy is also investigated. Finally, we critically discuss the promising advantages of MSCs in targeted gene delivery, tumor inhibition and their utilization as the gene carriers in clinical situations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmoud Gharbavi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biomaterials, School of Pharmacy, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan,
Iran,Cancer Gene Therapy Research Center, School of Pharmacy, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan,
Iran,Zanjan Applied Pharmacology Research Center, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran
| | - Ali Sharafi
- Zanjan Applied Pharmacology Research Center, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran,Zanjan Pharmaceutical Biotechnology Research Center, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran
| | - Saeed Ghanbarzadeh
- Cancer Gene Therapy Research Center, School of Pharmacy, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan,
Iran,Zanjan Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology Research Center and Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran
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29
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Heidari R, Gholamian Dehkordi N, Mohseni R, Safaei M. Engineering mesenchymal stem cells: a novel therapeutic approach in breast cancer. J Drug Target 2020; 28:732-741. [PMID: 32463709 DOI: 10.1080/1061186x.2020.1775842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Breast cancer is one of the most prevalent and deadliest cancers among women in the world because of its aggressive behaviour and inadequate response to conventional therapies. Cellular and gene therapies based on mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) represent promising treatment strategies for multiple diseases, such as cancers. MSCs are multipotent adult stem cells with important features for cell therapy, such as tissue homing to injured sites, their differentiation potential, their capacity of secreting plenty of trophic factors, and low immunogenicity. The quite easy isolation of these cells from various types of tissues are associated with no ethical concern when dealing with foetal or embryonic stem cells. The MSCs exhibit both pro and anti-oncogenic properties. However, genetic engineering of MSCs and nanoparticles is being employed as a means to solve some of these problems and improve the antitumor properties of these cells. The tumour-homing ability of MSCs and their exosomes to tumour niches have made them as a promising vector for targeted delivery of therapeutic agents to tumours site. The present study investigated MSCs specifications, pro- and anti-oncogenic properties of MSCs in breast cancer, and reviewed targeted breast cancer therapy via engineered MSCs, likely as potent cellular vehicles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Razieh Heidari
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Advanced Technologies, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Neda Gholamian Dehkordi
- Department of Molecular Medicine, School of Advanced Technologies, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Roohollah Mohseni
- Clinical Biochemistry Research Center, Basic Health Sciences Institute, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Mohsen Safaei
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Advanced Technologies, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran
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30
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Wang Q, Li T, Wu W, Ding G. Interplay between mesenchymal stem cell and tumor and potential application. Hum Cell 2020; 33:444-458. [PMID: 32378164 DOI: 10.1007/s13577-020-00369-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2020] [Accepted: 04/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) possess the capabilities of self-renewal and multipotent differentiation. Firstly isolated from bone marrow, MSCs are subsequently identified from various post-natal tissue types. Based the differentiation into tissue-specific cells, MSCs were capable of replacing damaged and diseased tissues. In addition, MSCs have been demonstrated to possess important immunomodulatory properties. Increasing data showed that MSCs exhibited tropism for sites of the tumor microenvironment and interacted with tumor cells closely through paracrine signaling. Therefore, better understanding of crosstalk between MSCs and tumor cells will be able to develop potential strategies in the treatment of tumors in the future. Herein, we summarize the research progress of the influence of MSCs on tumor cells and the prospect of their application in tumor therapy in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Wang
- Department of Dentistry, Weifang People's Hospital, Weifang, 261000, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Ti Li
- Department of Dentistry, Weifang People's Hospital, Weifang, 261000, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Wu
- Department of Dentistry, Weifang People's Hospital, Weifang, 261000, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Gang Ding
- Department of Stomatology, Yidu Central Hospital, Weifang Medical University, Linglongshan South Road No. 4138, Qingzhou, 262500, Shandong, People's Republic of China.
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31
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Hadryś A, Sochanik A, McFadden G, Jazowiecka-Rakus J. Mesenchymal stem cells as carriers for systemic delivery of oncolytic viruses. Eur J Pharmacol 2020; 874:172991. [PMID: 32044323 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2020.172991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2019] [Revised: 01/09/2020] [Accepted: 02/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Progress in genetic engineering led to the emergence of some viruses as potent anticancer therapeutics. These oncolytic viruses combine self-amplification with dual antitumor action: oncolytic (destruction of cancer cells) and immunostimulatory (eliciting acquired antitumor response against cancer epitopes). As any other viruses, they trigger antiviral response upon systemic administration. Mesenchymal stem cells are immature cells capable of self-renewing and differentiating into many cell types that belong to three germinal layers. Due to their inherent tumor tropism mesenchymal stem cells loaded with oncolytic virus can improve delivery of the therapeutic cargo to cancer sites. Shielding of oncolytic viral construct from antiviral host immune response makes these cells prospective delivery vehicles to even hard-to-reach metastatic neoplastic foci. Use of mesenchymal stem cells has been criticized by some investigators as limiting proliferative abilities of primary cells and increasing the risk of malignant transformation, as well as attenuating therapeutic responses. However, majority of preclinical studies indicate safety and efficacy of mesenchymal stem cells used as carriers of oncolytic viruses. In view of contradictory postulates, the debate continues. The review discusses mesenchymal stem cells as carriers for delivery of genetically engineered oncolytic constructs and focuses on systemic approach to oncoviral treatment of some deadly neoplasms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agata Hadryś
- Maria Sklodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, Gliwice, Poland; Institute of Chemistry, University of Silesia, Poland.
| | - Aleksander Sochanik
- Maria Sklodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, Gliwice, Poland.
| | - Grant McFadden
- Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA.
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32
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Zendedel E, Atkin SL, Sahebkar A. Use of stem cells as carriers of oncolytic viruses for cancer treatment. J Cell Physiol 2019; 234:14906-14913. [PMID: 30770550 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.28320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2018] [Revised: 01/19/2019] [Accepted: 01/24/2019] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Therapeutic application of stem cells and oncolytic viruses in cancer treatment has rapidly increased in the last decade. Oncolytic viruses are considered as a new class of anticancer agents because of their ability to selectively infect and destroy cancer cells. Furthermore, regarding the specific migratory capacity of stem cells, they can be used as carriers or vectors targeting metastatic cancer. Promising results have been reported regarding the use of stem cells and oncolytic viruses as a therapeutic approach for the treatment of metastatic cancer. The present review aimed to determine the approaches involved in the use of the tumor-homing capacity of stem cells for cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elham Zendedel
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Islamic Azad University-Mashhad Branch, Mashhad, Iran
| | | | - Amirhossein Sahebkar
- Neurogenic Inflammation Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Biotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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33
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Shakshouk HA, Rashwan H. Can mesenchymal stem cells be used as a future weapon against breast cancer? ALEXANDRIA JOURNAL OF MEDICINE 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ajme.2016.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - Hayssam Rashwan
- Pediatric Surgery Department, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Egypt
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34
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Na Y, Nam JP, Hong J, Oh E, Shin HC, Kim HS, Kim SW, Yun CO. Systemic administration of human mesenchymal stromal cells infected with polymer-coated oncolytic adenovirus induces efficient pancreatic tumor homing and infiltration. J Control Release 2019; 305:75-88. [PMID: 31071373 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2019.04.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2018] [Revised: 04/22/2019] [Accepted: 04/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Oncolytic adenovirus (oAd)-mediated gene therapy is a promising approach for cancer treatment because of its cancer cell-restricted replication and therapeutic gene expression. However, systemic administration of oAd is severely restricted by their immunogenic nature and poor tumor homing ability, thus oAd cannot be utilized to treat disseminated metastases. In this study, human bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stromal cell (hMSCs) was used as a viral replication-permissive carrier for oAd with an aim to improve the systemic delivery of the virus to tumor tissues. To overcome the poor delivery of oAd into hMSCs, a relaxin (RLX)-expressing oncolytic Ad (oAd/RLX), which degrades dense tumor extracellular matrix of highly desmoplastic pancreatic cancer, was complexed with biodegradable polymer (poly (ethyleneimine)-conjugated poly(CBA-DAH); PCDP), generating oAd/RLX-PCDP complex. oAd/RLX-PCDP complex enhanced the internalization of oAd into hMSC, leading to superior viral production and release from hMSCs, along with high RLX expression. Furthermore, systemic administration of oAd/RLX-PCDP-treated hMSCs elicited more potent antitumor effect compared to naked oAd/RLX or oAd/RLX-treated hMSC in pancreatic tumor model. This potent antitumor effect of systemically administered oAd/RLX-PCDP-treated hMSCs was achieved by superior viral replication in tumor tissues than any other treatment group. In conclusion, these results demonstrate that hMSCs are effective carriers for the systemic delivery of oAd to tumor sites and treatment of pancreatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youjin Na
- Center for Controlled Chemical Delivery, Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Joung-Pyo Nam
- Center for Controlled Chemical Delivery, Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - JinWoo Hong
- Department of Bioengineering, College of Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Eonju Oh
- Department of Bioengineering, College of Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | | | | | - Sung Wan Kim
- Center for Controlled Chemical Delivery, Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Chae-Ok Yun
- Department of Bioengineering, College of Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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35
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Sherman LS, Romagano MP, Williams SF, Rameshwar P. Mesenchymal stem cell therapies in brain disease. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2019; 95:111-119. [PMID: 30922957 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2019.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2018] [Revised: 02/08/2019] [Accepted: 03/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
As treatments for diseases throughout the body progress, treatment for many brain diseases has been at a standstill due to difficulties in drug delivery. While new drugs are being discovered in vitro, these therapies are often hindered by inefficient tissue distribution and, more commonly, an inability to cross the blood brain barrier. Mesenchymal stem cells are thus being investigated as a delivery tool to directly target therapies to the brain to treat wide array of brain diseases. This review discusses the use of mesenchymal stem cells in hypoxic disease (hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy), an inflammatory neurodegenerative disease (multiple sclerosis), and a malignant condition (glioma).
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren S Sherman
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers Biomedical and Health Sciences, Newark, NJ, USA; School of Graduate Studies, Biomedical Sciences Programs - Newark, Rutgers University, Newark, NJ, USA
| | - Matthew P Romagano
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Women's Health, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers Biomedical and Health Sciences, Newark, NJ, USA
| | - Shauna F Williams
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Women's Health, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers Biomedical and Health Sciences, Newark, NJ, USA
| | - Pranela Rameshwar
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers Biomedical and Health Sciences, Newark, NJ, USA.
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36
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Krueger TEG, Thorek DLJ, Denmeade SR, Isaacs JT, Brennen WN. Concise Review: Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Based Drug Delivery: The Good, the Bad, the Ugly, and the Promise. Stem Cells Transl Med 2018; 7:651-663. [PMID: 30070053 PMCID: PMC6127224 DOI: 10.1002/sctm.18-0024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 165] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2018] [Revised: 05/15/2018] [Accepted: 05/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The development of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) as cell‐based drug delivery vectors for numerous clinical indications, including cancer, has significant promise. However, a considerable challenge for effective translation of these approaches is the limited tumor tropism and broad biodistribution observed using conventional MSCs, which raises concerns for toxicity to nontarget peripheral tissues (i.e., the bad). Consequently, there are a variety of synthetic engineering platforms in active development to improve tumor‐selective targeting via increased homing efficiency and/or specificity of drug activation, some of which are already being evaluated clinically (i.e., the good). Unfortunately, the lack of robust quantification and widespread adoption of standardized methodologies with high sensitivity and resolution has made accurate comparisons across studies difficult, which has significantly impeded progress (i.e., the ugly). Herein, we provide a concise review of active and passive MSC homing mechanisms and biodistribution postinfusion; in addition to in vivo cell tracking methodologies and strategies to enhance tumor targeting with a focus on MSC‐based drug delivery strategies for cancer therapy. Stem Cells Translational Medicine2018;1–13
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy E G Krueger
- Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Daniel L J Thorek
- Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.,Department of Oncology at the Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center (SKCCC) at Johns Hopkins, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Samuel R Denmeade
- Department of Oncology at the Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center (SKCCC) at Johns Hopkins, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.,Department of Urology, James Buchanan Brady Urological Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - John T Isaacs
- Department of Oncology at the Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center (SKCCC) at Johns Hopkins, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.,Department of Urology, James Buchanan Brady Urological Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - W Nathaniel Brennen
- Department of Oncology at the Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center (SKCCC) at Johns Hopkins, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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Park GT, Choi KC. Advanced new strategies for metastatic cancer treatment by therapeutic stem cells and oncolytic virotherapy. Oncotarget 2018; 7:58684-58695. [PMID: 27494901 PMCID: PMC5295462 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.11017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2016] [Accepted: 05/29/2016] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
The field of therapeutic stem cell and oncolytic virotherapy for cancer treatment has rapidly expanded over the past decade. Oncolytic viruses constitute a promising new class of anticancer agent because of their ability to selectively infect and destroy tumor cells. Engineering of viruses to express anticancer genes and specific cancer targeting molecules has led to the use of these systems as a novel platform of metastatic cancer therapy. In addition, stem cells have a cancer specific migratory capacity, which is available for metastatic cancer targeting. Prodrug activating enzyme or anticancer cytokine expressing stem cells successfully inhibited the proliferation of cancer cells. Preclinical models have clearly demonstrated anticancer activity of these two platforms against a number of different cancer types and metastatic cancer. Several systems using therapeutic stem cells or oncolytic virus have entered clinical trials, and promising results have led to late stage clinical development. Consequently, metastatic cancer therapies using stem cells and oncolytic viruses are extremely promising. The following review will focus on the metastatic cancer targeting mechanism of therapeutic stem cells and oncolytic viruses, and potential challenges ahead for advancing the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geon-Tae Park
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Chungbuk, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung-Chul Choi
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Chungbuk, Republic of Korea.,TheraCell Bio & Science, Cheongju, Chungbuk, Republic of Korea
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E1A-engineered human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells as carriers and amplifiers for adenovirus suppress hepatocarcinoma in mice. Oncotarget 2018; 7:51815-51828. [PMID: 27322080 PMCID: PMC5239516 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.10122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2015] [Accepted: 05/17/2016] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Gene therapy is an attractive approach for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients. Nevertheless, efficient transgene delivery remains a challenge. In this study, we explored a new targeted system based on human umbilical cord-derived mesenchymal stem cells (HUMSCs), which were engineered to deliver adenovirus to tumor sites, and to replicate and assemble into new adenovirus against HCC. Our results showed that HUMSCs infected by Ad-hTERTp-IL24 followed by LentiR.E1A infection could specifically migrate to HepG2 tumor cells and support adenoviral replication in vitro and in vivo 36 h after LentiR.E1A infection. Ad-hTERTp-IL24 specifically inhibited HepG2 cells growth, and this inhibitory effect was enhanced by low doses of 5-fluorouracil (5-Fu), because the expression levels of coxsackie adenovirus receptor (CAR) and integrin ανβ3 on tumor cells were significantly increased, causing higher viral uptake. Compared with the no treatment groups, Ad-hTERTp-IL24 and LentiR.E1A co-loaded HUMSCs exhibited significant anti-tumor activity in vivo, particularly in combination with low doses of 5-Fu. In summary, this study provides a promising targeted gene therapeutic strategy dependent on the tumor tropism of HUMSCs, to improve the outcome of virotherapy for tumor patients especially those with metastatic diseases.
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Zhang J, Ding M, Xu K, Mao L, Zheng J. shRNA-armed conditionally replicative adenoviruses: a promising approach for cancer therapy. Oncotarget 2018; 7:29824-34. [PMID: 26980708 PMCID: PMC5045436 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.8035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2015] [Accepted: 02/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The small-interfering RNAs (siRNAs) have been employed to knockdown the expression of cancer-associated genes and shown some promise in cancer therapy. However, synthetic siRNA duplexes or plasmid mediated delivery of siRNAs have several problems, such as short half-life, low transfection efficiency and cytotoxicity associated with transfection. Conditionally replicating adenovirus (CRAds) as the delivery vector for short hairpin RNAs (shRNAs) could overcome these limitations and have shown augmented anti-tumor effects in experimental studies and preclinical trials. In this review, we summarize recent progress in the development of CRAds-shRNA for cancer treatment. Combination of CRAds-shRNA with chemotherapeutics, radiation, dendritic cells, monoclonal antibodies and small-molecule inhibitors will be necessary to eradicate cancer cells and cancer stem cells and achieve superior outcomes. The use of CRAd platform for efficient delivery of shRNAs and foreign genes will open a new avenue for cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Biological Cancer Therapy, Xuzhou Medical College, Xuzhou, China
| | - Meng Ding
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Biological Cancer Therapy, Xuzhou Medical College, Xuzhou, China
| | - Kai Xu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Biological Cancer Therapy, Xuzhou Medical College, Xuzhou, China
| | - Lijun Mao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Biological Cancer Therapy, Xuzhou Medical College, Xuzhou, China.,Department of Urinary Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical College, Xuzhou, China
| | - Junian Zheng
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Biological Cancer Therapy, Xuzhou Medical College, Xuzhou, China
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Marofi F, Vahedi G, Biglari A, Esmaeilzadeh A, Athari SS. Mesenchymal Stromal/Stem Cells: A New Era in the Cell-Based Targeted Gene Therapy of Cancer. Front Immunol 2017; 8:1770. [PMID: 29326689 PMCID: PMC5741703 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.01770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2017] [Accepted: 11/27/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
In recent years, in light of the promising potentials of mesenchymal stromal/stem cells (MSCs) for carrying therapeutic anticancer genes, a complete revisitation on old chemotherapy-based paradigms has been established. This review attempted to bring forward and introduce the novel therapeutic opportunities of using genetically engineered MSCs. The simplicities and advantages of MSCs for medical applications make them a unique and promising option in the case of cancer therapy. Some of the superiorities of using MSCs as therapeutic gene micro-carriers are the easy cell-extraction procedures and their abundant proliferation capacity in vitro without losing their main biological properties. Targeted therapy by using MSCs as the delivery vehicles of therapeutic genes is a new approach in the treatment of various types of cancers. Some of the distinct properties of MSCs, such as tumor-tropism, non-immunogenicity, stimulatory effect on the anti-inflammatory molecules, inhibitory effect on inflammatory responses, non-toxicity against the normal tissues, and easy processes for the clinical use, have formed the basis of attention to MSCs. They can be easily used for the treatment of damaged or injured tissues, regenerative medicine, and immune disorders. This review focused on the drugability of MSCs and their potential for the delivery of candidate anticancer genes. It also briefly reviewed the vectors and methods used for MSC-mediated gene therapy of malignancies. Also, the challenges, limitations, and considerations in using MSCs for gene therapy of cancer and the new methods developed for resolution of these problems are reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faroogh Marofi
- Department of Hematology, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Ghasem Vahedi
- Research Center for Food Hygiene and Safety, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | - Alireza Biglari
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran
| | - Abdolreza Esmaeilzadeh
- Department of Immunology, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran.,Cancer Gene Therapy Research Center, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran
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Altanerova U, Babincova M, Babinec P, Benejova K, Jakubechova J, Altanerova V, Zduriencikova M, Repiska V, Altaner C. Human mesenchymal stem cell-derived iron oxide exosomes allow targeted ablation of tumor cells via magnetic hyperthermia. Int J Nanomedicine 2017; 12:7923-7936. [PMID: 29138559 PMCID: PMC5667789 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s145096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Magnetic hyperthermia, or the heating of tissues using magnetic materials, is a promising approach for treating cancer. We found that human mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) isolated from various tissues and MSCs expressing the yeast cytosine deaminase∷uracil phosphoribosyl transferase suicide fusion gene (yCD∷UPRT) can be labeled with Venofer, an iron oxide carbohydrate nanoparticle. Venofer labeling did not affect cell proliferation or the ability to home to tumors. All Venofer-labeled MSCs released exosomes that contained iron oxide. Furthermore, these exosomes were efficiently endocytosed by tumor cells. Exosomes from Venofer-labeled MSCs expressing the yCD∷UPRT gene in the presence of the prodrug 5-fluorocytosine inhibited tumor growth in a dose-dependent fashion. The treated tumor cells were also effectively ablated following induction of hyperthermia using an external alternating magnetic field. Cumulatively, we found that magnetic nanoparticles packaged into MSC exosomes are efficiently endocytosed by tumor cells, facilitating targeted tumor cell ablation via magnetically induced hyperthermia.
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Affiliation(s)
- U Altanerova
- Stem Cell Preparation Department, St Elisabeth Cancer Institute, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - M Babincova
- Department of Nuclear Physics and Biophysics, Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - P Babinec
- Department of Nuclear Physics and Biophysics, Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - K Benejova
- Stem Cell Preparation Department, St Elisabeth Cancer Institute, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - J Jakubechova
- Stem Cell Preparation Department, St Elisabeth Cancer Institute, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - V Altanerova
- Stem Cell Preparation Department, St Elisabeth Cancer Institute, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - M Zduriencikova
- Cancer Research Institute, Biomedical Center, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - V Repiska
- Institute of Medical Biology, Genetics and Clinical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - C Altaner
- Stem Cell Preparation Department, St Elisabeth Cancer Institute, Bratislava, Slovakia.,Cancer Research Institute, Biomedical Center, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia
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Tiet P, Berlin JM. Exploiting homing abilities of cell carriers: Targeted delivery of nanoparticles for cancer therapy. Biochem Pharmacol 2017; 145:18-26. [PMID: 28941937 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2017.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2017] [Accepted: 09/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Off target toxicities is one of the hallmarks of conventional chemotherapy as only a tiny percentage of the injected dose actually reaches the tumor(s). Numerous strategies have been employed in attempts to achieve targeted therapeutic delivery to tumors. One strategy that has received immense attention has been the packaging of these chemotherapeutics into nanoparticles and relying on the enhanced permeation and retention (EPR) effect for targeting. However, few, if any, nanoformulations have been used clinically that actually show enhanced drug delivery to tumors. There are a number of biological barriers to successful targeted delivery and nanoparticles large enough to theoretically benefit from the EPR effect predominantly accumulate in the liver and spleen after systemic administration. Nanoparticles that do reach the tumor will experience challenges such as difficulty penetrating deeply into tumors and rapid uptake by macrophages rather than tumor cells. In order to overcome this, researchers are investigating a new drug delivery system by utilizing T-cells, macrophages, or stem cells (Mesenchymal/Neural Stem Cells) and loading them with therapeutic nanoparticles for targeted delivery due to either their organotropic or tumor tropic migratory capabilities. By exploiting the migration and motility of these particular cells, researchers have delivered drug-loaded nanoparticles as well as nanoparticles for use in thermal ablation and magnetic field treatments, with the goals of decreasing off-target toxicities and increasing intratumoral distribution of the therapeutic payload. This is an inherently complex drug delivery system that requires optimization of multiple parameters - including cell type, payload, cell loading, release rate from nanoparticle and more - for success. Here we review recent advances and upcoming challenges for the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pamela Tiet
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Beckman Research Institute at City of Hope, 11500 East Duarte Road, Duarte, CA 91010, United States.
| | - Jacob M Berlin
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Beckman Research Institute at City of Hope, 11500 East Duarte Road, Duarte, CA 91010, United States.
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Human Menstrual Blood-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells as Potential Cell Carriers for Oncolytic Adenovirus. Stem Cells Int 2017; 2017:3615729. [PMID: 28781596 PMCID: PMC5525077 DOI: 10.1155/2017/3615729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2017] [Revised: 04/19/2017] [Accepted: 05/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Antitumor efficacy of systemically administered oncolytic adenoviruses (OAdv) is limited due to diverse factors such as liver sequestration, neutralizing interactions in blood, elimination by the immune system, and physical barriers in tumors. It is therefore of clinical relevance to improve OAdv bioavailability and tumor delivery. Among the variety of tumor-targeting strategies, the use of stem cells and specifically bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSCs) is of particular interest due to their tumor tropism and immunomodulatory properties. Nonetheless, the invasive methods to obtain these cells, the low number of MSCs present in the bone marrow, and their restricted in vitro expansion represent major obstacles for their use in cancer treatments, pointing out the necessity to identify an alternative source of MSCs. Here, we have evaluated the use of menstrual blood-derived mesenchymal stem cells (MenSCs) as cell carriers for regional delivery of an OAdv in the tumor. Our results indicate that MenSCs can be isolated without invasive methods, they have an increased proliferation rate compared to BM-MSCs, and they can be efficiently infected with different serotype 5-based capsid-modified adenoviruses, leading to viral replication and release. In addition, our in vivo studies confirmed the tumor-homing properties of MenSCs after regional administration.
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Mirzaei H, Sahebkar A, Sichani LS, Moridikia A, Nazari S, Sadri Nahand J, Salehi H, Stenvang J, Masoudifar A, Mirzaei HR, Jaafari MR. Therapeutic application of multipotent stem cells. J Cell Physiol 2017; 233:2815-2823. [PMID: 28475219 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.25990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2017] [Accepted: 05/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Cell therapy is an emerging fields in the treatment of various diseases such as cardiovascular, pulmonary, hepatic, and neoplastic diseases. Stem cells are an integral tool for cell therapy. Multipotent stem cells are an important class of stem cells which have the ability to self-renew through dividing and developing into multiple specific cell types in a specific tissue or organ. These cells are capable to activate or inhibit a sequence of cellular and molecular pathways leading to anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic effects which might contribute to the treatment of various diseases. It has been showed that multipotent stem cells exert their therapeutic effects via inhibition/activation of a sequence of cellular and molecular pathways. Although the advantages of multipotent stem cells are numerous, further investigation is still necessary to clarify the biology and safety of these cells before they could be considered as a potential treatment for different types of diseases. This review summarizes different features of multipotent stem cells including isolation, differentiation, and therapeutic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamed Mirzaei
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Amirhossein Sahebkar
- Biotechnology Research Center, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Laleh Shiri Sichani
- Faculty of Basic Science, Department of Genetic, University of Shahrekord, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Abdullah Moridikia
- Chemical Injuries Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sara Nazari
- Faculty of Science, Department of Biology, North Tehran Branch of Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Javid Sadri Nahand
- Department of Virology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hossein Salehi
- Department of Anatomical Sciences, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Jan Stenvang
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Department of Veterinary Disease Biology, Section for Molecular Disease Biology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Aria Masoudifar
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Biotechnology, ACECRR, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Hamid R Mirzaei
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahmoud R Jaafari
- Nanotechnology Research Center, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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Asad AS, Moreno Ayala MA, Gottardo MF, Zuccato C, Nicola Candia AJ, Zanetti FA, Seilicovich A, Candolfi M. Viral gene therapy for breast cancer: progress and challenges. Expert Opin Biol Ther 2017; 17:945-959. [DOI: 10.1080/14712598.2017.1338684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Antonela S. Asad
- Departamento de Biología Celular e Histología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas (INBIOMED-CONICET/UBA), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Mariela A. Moreno Ayala
- Departamento de Biología Celular e Histología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas (INBIOMED-CONICET/UBA), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - M. Florencia Gottardo
- Departamento de Biología Celular e Histología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas (INBIOMED-CONICET/UBA), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Camila Zuccato
- Departamento de Biología Celular e Histología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas (INBIOMED-CONICET/UBA), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Alejandro Javier Nicola Candia
- Departamento de Biología Celular e Histología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas (INBIOMED-CONICET/UBA), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Flavia A. Zanetti
- Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología César Milstein (ICT Milstein), Unidad Ejecutora del Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Fundación Pablo Cassará, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Adriana Seilicovich
- Departamento de Biología Celular e Histología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas (INBIOMED-CONICET/UBA), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Marianela Candolfi
- Departamento de Biología Celular e Histología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas (INBIOMED-CONICET/UBA), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Mesenchymal stromal cells as vehicles of tetravalent bispecific Tandab (CD3/CD19) for the treatment of B cell lymphoma combined with IDO pathway inhibitor D-1-methyl-tryptophan. J Hematol Oncol 2017; 10:56. [PMID: 28228105 PMCID: PMC5322661 DOI: 10.1186/s13045-017-0397-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2016] [Accepted: 01/11/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Although blinatumomab, a bispecific T cell engaging antibody, exhibits high clinical response rates in patients with relapsed or refractory B-precursor acute lymphoblastic leukemia (B-ALL) and B cell non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma (B-NHL), it still has some limitations because of its short half-life. Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) represent an attractive approach for delivery of therapeutic agents to cancer sites owing to their tropism towards tumors, but their immunosuppression capabilities, especially induced by indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO), should also be taken into consideration. Methods Human umbilical cord-derived MSCs (UC-MSCs) were genetically modified to secrete Tandab (CD3/CD19), a tetravalent bispecific tandem diabody with two binding sites for CD3 and two for CD19. The tropism of MSCs towards Raji cells in vitro was determined by migration assays, and the homing property of MSCs in vivo was analyzed with firefly luciferase-labeled MSCs (MSC-Luc) by bioluminescent imaging (BLI). The cytotoxicity of T cells induced by MSC-secreting Tandab (CD3/CD19) was detected in vitro and in vivo in combination with d-1-methyl-tryptophan (D-1MT), an IDO pathway inhibitor. Results The purified Tandab (CD3/CD19) was functional with high-binding capability both for CD3-positive cells and CD19-positive cells and was able to induce specific lysis of CD19-positive cell lines (Raji, Daudi, and BJAB) in the presence of T cells. Additionally, results from co-culture killing experiments demonstrated that Tandab (CD3/CD19) secreted from MSCs was also effective. Then, we confirmed that D-1MT could enhance the cytotoxicity of T cells triggered by MSC-Tandab through reversing T cell anergy with down-regulation of CD98 and Jumonji and restoring the proliferation capacity of T cells. Furthermore, MSC-Luc could selectively migrate to tumor site in a BALB/c nude mouse model with Raji cells. And mice injected with MSC-Tandab in combination with D-1MT significantly inhibited the tumor growth. Conclusions These results suggest that UC-MSCs releasing Tandab (CD3/CD19) is an efficient therapeutic tool for the treatment of B cell lymphoma when combined with D-1MT. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13045-017-0397-z) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Parker Kerrigan BC, Shimizu Y, Andreeff M, Lang FF. Mesenchymal stromal cells for the delivery of oncolytic viruses in gliomas. Cytotherapy 2017; 19:445-457. [PMID: 28233640 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcyt.2017.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2016] [Revised: 01/24/2017] [Accepted: 02/06/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) are a type of adult stem cell that has been exploited for the treatment of a variety of diseases, including cancer. In particular, MSCs have been studied extensively for their ability to treat glioblastoma (GBM), the most common and deadly form of brain cancer in adults. MSCs are attractive therapeutics because they can be obtained relatively easily from patients, are capable of being expanded numerically in vitro, can be easily engineered and are inherently capable of homing to tumors, making them ideal vehicles for delivering biological antitumoral agents. Oncolytic viruses are promising biological therapeutic agents that have been used in the treatment of GBMs, and MSCs are currently being explored as a means of delivering these viruses. Here we review the role of MSCs in the treatment of GBMs, focusing on the intersection of MSCs and oncolytic viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brittany C Parker Kerrigan
- Department of Neurosurgery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA; The Brain Tumor Center, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA; Department of Bioengineering, Rice University, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Yuzaburo Shimizu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA; The Brain Tumor Center, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA; Department of Neurosurgery, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Michael Andreeff
- Section of Molecular Hematology and Therapy, Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Frederick F Lang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA; The Brain Tumor Center, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA; Section of Molecular Hematology and Therapy, Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA.
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Zhang Z, Li M, Chen F, Li L, Liu J, Li Z, Ji R, Zuo X, Li Y. Probe-Based Confocal Laser Endomicroscopy for Imaging TRAIL-Expressing Mesenchymal Stem Cells to Monitor Colon Xenograft Tumors In Vivo. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0162700. [PMID: 27617958 PMCID: PMC5019474 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0162700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2015] [Accepted: 08/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) can serve as vehicles for therapeutic genes. However, little is known about MSC behavior in vivo. Here, we demonstrated that probe-based confocal laser endomicroscopy (pCLE) can be used to track MSCs in vivo and individually monitor tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) gene expression within carcinomas. Methods Isolated BALB/c nu/nu mice MSCs (MSCs) were characterized and engineered to co-express the TRAIL and enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP) genes. The number of MSCs co-expressing EGFP and TRAIL (TRAIL-MSCs) at tumor sites was quantified with pCLE in vivo, while their presence was confirmed using immunofluorescence (IF) and quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). The therapeutic effects of TRAIL-MSCs were evaluated by measuring the volumes and weights of subcutaneous HT29-derived xenograft tumors. Results Intravital imaging of the subcutaneous xenograft tumors revealed that BALB/c mice treated with TRAIL-MSCs exhibited specific cellular signals, whereas no specific signals were observed in the control mice. The findings from the pCLE images were consistent with the IF and qPCR results. Conclusion The pCLE results indicated that endomicroscopy could effectively quantify injected MSCs that homed to subcutaneous xenograft tumor sites in vivo and correlated well with the therapeutic effects of the TRAIL gene. By applying pCLE for the in vivo monitoring of cellular trafficking, stem cell-based anticancer gene therapeutic approaches might be feasible and attractive options for individualized clinical treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Laboratory of Translational Gastroenterology, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Ming Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Feixue Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Lixiang Li
- Laboratory of Translational Gastroenterology, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Jun Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Zhen Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Rui Ji
- Department of Gastroenterology, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Xiuli Zuo
- Department of Gastroenterology, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Yanqing Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China
- * E-mail:
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Toro L, Bohovic R, Matuskova M, Smolkova B, Kucerova L. Metastatic Ovarian Cancer Can Be Efficiently Treated by Genetically Modified Mesenchymal Stromal Cells. Stem Cells Dev 2016; 25:1640-1651. [PMID: 27539058 DOI: 10.1089/scd.2016.0064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Due to late diagnosis, often recurrence, formation of metastases and resistance to commonly used chemotherapeutics human ovarian carcinoma represents a serious disease with high mortality. Adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stromal cells (AT-MSC) can serve as vehicles for therapeutic genes and we engineered AT-MSC to express either Herpes simplex virus thymidine kinase (HSVtk-MSC), which phosphorylates ganciclovir (GCV) to its toxic metabolites or yeast fused cytosine deaminase::uracil phosphoribosyltransferase (CD::UPRT-MSC), which converts 5-fluorocytosine (5-FC) to highly toxic 5-fluorouracil (5-FU). Here, we reported different responses of cytotoxicity mediated by CD::UPRT-MSC/5-FC treatment on human ovarian carcinoma cell lines-SKOV-3 and A2780 used in adherent or three-dimensional (3D) cell culture and we proved high potential of 3D model to predict results in our in vivo experiments. Both tumor cell lines showed similarly high chemosensitivity to the used treatment in adherent culture, but 3D model revealed severe discrepancy-only 36% of SKOV-3 cells but even 90% of A2780 cells were eliminated. This result served as a prognostic marker-we were able to achieve significantly decreased tumor volumes of subcutaneous xenografts of A2780 cells in nude mice and we prolonged tumor-free survival in 33% of animals bearing highly metastatic ovarian carcinoma after CD::UPRT-MSC/5-FC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lenka Toro
- 1 Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Cancer Research Institute , Biomedical Research Center, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Roman Bohovic
- 1 Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Cancer Research Institute , Biomedical Research Center, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Miroslava Matuskova
- 1 Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Cancer Research Institute , Biomedical Research Center, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Bozena Smolkova
- 2 Department of Genetics, Cancer Research Institute , Biomedical Research Center, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Lucia Kucerova
- 1 Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Cancer Research Institute , Biomedical Research Center, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia
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Yuan X, Zhang Q, Li Z, Zhang X, Bao S, Fan D, Ru Y, Dong S, Zhang Y, Zhang Y, Ye Z, Xiong D. Mesenchymal stem cells deliver and release conditionally replicative adenovirus depending on hepatic differentiation to eliminate hepatocellular carcinoma cells specifically. Cancer Lett 2016; 381:85-95. [PMID: 27450327 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2016.07.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2016] [Revised: 07/14/2016] [Accepted: 07/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Currently, it is a key challenge to remove the postsurgical residuals and metastasis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Oncolytic adenoviral virotherapy is an attractive treatment modality for cancer; however, the difficulty remains regarding its intravenous administration. The aim of this study was to develop a targeted therapeutic system which has great potential to overcome the postsurgical residuals and metastasis of HCC. In this system, we developed a conditionally replicative adenovirus (CRAd) loaded on human umbilical cord-derived mesenchymal stem cells (HUMSCs), in which the CRAd contained an adenovirus E1A gene dual regulated by α-fetoprotein promoter and microRNA-122 target sequence. When HUMSCs homed to the tumor sites and differentiated into hepatocyte-like cells within tumor microenvironment, the CRAds were packaged and released strictly to the local tumor. Subsequently, the CRAd lysed tumor cells selectively with the post-infection regulation. The study showed the specific oncolytic effect of the CRAd to HCC cells and the production of the CRAd by differentiated HUMSCs in vitro. Furthermore, we proved the hepatocyte-like transformation of HUMSC in the microenvironment of orthotopic or heterotopic hepatoma. Finally, this therapeutic system exhibited dramatic tumor inhibition on both orthotopic and subcutaneous hepatic xenograft tumor model mice with less toxicity on normal organs. The study results have demonstrated that this targeted therapeutic strategy is a promising method to resolve the problem of postsurgical residuals and metastasis of HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangfei Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Department of Pharmacy, Institute of Hematology & Hospital of Blood Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin 300020, China; Nankai Hospital, Tianjin Institute of Integrative Medicine for Acute Abdominal Diseases, Tianjin 300100, China
| | - Qing Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Department of Pharmacy, Institute of Hematology & Hospital of Blood Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin 300020, China
| | - Zhenzhen Li
- National-Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Biodiagnostics & Biotherapy, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710004, China
| | - Xiaolong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Department of Pharmacy, Institute of Hematology & Hospital of Blood Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin 300020, China
| | - Shiqi Bao
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Department of Pharmacy, Institute of Hematology & Hospital of Blood Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin 300020, China
| | - Dongmei Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Department of Pharmacy, Institute of Hematology & Hospital of Blood Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin 300020, China
| | - Yongxin Ru
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Department of Pharmacy, Institute of Hematology & Hospital of Blood Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin 300020, China
| | - Shuxu Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Department of Pharmacy, Institute of Hematology & Hospital of Blood Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin 300020, China
| | - Yizhi Zhang
- Central Hospital of Karamay, Karamay, Xinjiang 834000, China
| | - Yanjun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Department of Pharmacy, Institute of Hematology & Hospital of Blood Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin 300020, China.
| | - Zhou Ye
- Central Hospital of Karamay, Karamay, Xinjiang 834000, China.
| | - Dongsheng Xiong
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Department of Pharmacy, Institute of Hematology & Hospital of Blood Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin 300020, China.
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