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Narusawa E, Kurozumi S, Katayama A, Koibuchi Y, Ogawa A, Takata D, Tokuda S, Obayashi S, Oyama T, Horiguchi J, Shirabe K, Fujii T. Utility of human epidermal growth factor 2 heterogeneity as a prognostic factor in triple-negative breast cancer. Med Mol Morphol 2024:10.1007/s00795-024-00386-z. [PMID: 38619618 DOI: 10.1007/s00795-024-00386-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/16/2024]
Abstract
In some cases of human epidermal growth factor 2 (HER2)-negative breast cancer, including triple-negative breast cancer, HER2 expression is sporadically and strongly upregulated, a condition known as HER2 heterogeneity. We investigated the clinicopathological features of patients with HER2 heterogeneity in triple-negative breast cancers treated with neoadjuvant chemotherapy. Thirty-nine patients with triple-negative breast cancer who had undergone preoperative chemotherapy participated in this study. To assess for HER2 heterogeneity, we used dual in situ hybridization slides. We evaluated the association between HER2 heterogeneity and clinicopathological factors such as rates of pathologic complete response (pCR) and of recurrence-free survival. Of the 39 patients, 15 (38.5%) had cancers with HER2 heterogeneity. The pCR rates were 13.3% among patients with HER2 heterogeneity and 20.8% among those with HER2 nonheterogeneity, but the difference was not significant. The recurrence-free survival rate was significantly lower in patients with HER2 heterogeneity than in those without (P = 0.025). HER2 heterogeneity is a significant predictor of poor prognosis in patients with triple-negative breast cancer treated with neoadjuvant chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eriko Narusawa
- Department of Breast and Endocrine Surgery, National Hospital Organization Takasaki General Medical Center, Gunma, Japan
- Department of General Surgical Science, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Gunma, Japan
| | - Sasagu Kurozumi
- Department of Breast and Endocrine Surgery, National Hospital Organization Takasaki General Medical Center, Gunma, Japan.
- Department of General Surgical Science, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Gunma, Japan.
- Department of Breast Surgery, International University of Health and Welfare, 852, Hatakeda, Narita City, Chiba, 286-8520, Japan.
| | - Ayaka Katayama
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Gunma, Japan
| | - Yukio Koibuchi
- Department of Breast and Endocrine Surgery, National Hospital Organization Takasaki General Medical Center, Gunma, Japan
| | - Akira Ogawa
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology, National Hospital Organization Takasaki General Medical Center, Gunma, Japan
| | - Daisuke Takata
- Department of Breast and Endocrine Surgery, National Hospital Organization Takasaki General Medical Center, Gunma, Japan
| | - Shoko Tokuda
- Department of Breast and Endocrine Surgery, National Hospital Organization Takasaki General Medical Center, Gunma, Japan
| | - Sayaka Obayashi
- Department of General Surgical Science, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Gunma, Japan
| | - Tetsunari Oyama
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Gunma, Japan
| | - Jun Horiguchi
- Department of Breast Surgery, International University of Health and Welfare, 852, Hatakeda, Narita City, Chiba, 286-8520, Japan
| | - Ken Shirabe
- Department of General Surgical Science, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Gunma, Japan
| | - Takaaki Fujii
- Department of General Surgical Science, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Gunma, Japan
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Valenza C, Guidi L, Battaiotto E, Trapani D, Sartore Bianchi A, Siena S, Curigliano G. Targeting HER2 heterogeneity in breast and gastrointestinal cancers. Trends Cancer 2024; 10:113-123. [PMID: 38008666 DOI: 10.1016/j.trecan.2023.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2023] [Revised: 10/29/2023] [Accepted: 11/01/2023] [Indexed: 11/28/2023]
Abstract
About 20% of breast and gastric cancers and 3% of colorectal carcinomas overexpress the human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) and are sensitive to HER2-directed agents. The expression of HER2 may differ within the same tumoral lesion (spatial intralesional heterogeneity), from different tumor locations (spatial interlesional heterogeneity), and throughout treatments (temporal heterogeneity). Spatial and temporal heterogeneity may impact on response and resistance to HER2-targeting agents and its prevalence and predictive role changes across HER2-overexpressing solid tumors. Therefore, the definition and the characterization of HER2 heterogeneity pose many challenges and its implementation as a reproducible predictive biomarker would help in guiding treatment modulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmine Valenza
- Division of New Drugs and Early Drug Development for Innovative Therapies, European Institute of Oncology, IRCCS, Milan, Italy; Department of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Guidi
- Division of New Drugs and Early Drug Development for Innovative Therapies, European Institute of Oncology, IRCCS, Milan, Italy; Department of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Elena Battaiotto
- Division of New Drugs and Early Drug Development for Innovative Therapies, European Institute of Oncology, IRCCS, Milan, Italy; Department of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Dario Trapani
- Division of New Drugs and Early Drug Development for Innovative Therapies, European Institute of Oncology, IRCCS, Milan, Italy; Department of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Andrea Sartore Bianchi
- Department of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology, University of Milan, Milan, Italy; Niguarda Cancer Center, Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda, Milan, Italy
| | - Salvatore Siena
- Department of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology, University of Milan, Milan, Italy; Niguarda Cancer Center, Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda, Milan, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Curigliano
- Division of New Drugs and Early Drug Development for Innovative Therapies, European Institute of Oncology, IRCCS, Milan, Italy; Department of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology, University of Milan, Milan, Italy.
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Sharaf B, Abu-Fares H, Tamimi F, Al-Sawajneh S, Salama O, Daoud R, Alhajahjeh A, Al-Lababidi S, Abdel-Razeq H. Differences in Treatment Outcomes Between Patients with HER2-Low versus HER2-Zero, Hormone Receptor-Positive Advanced-Stage Breast Cancer Treated with Ribociclib. BREAST CANCER (DOVE MEDICAL PRESS) 2023; 15:541-548. [PMID: 37533590 PMCID: PMC10392820 DOI: 10.2147/bctt.s415432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2023] [Accepted: 07/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/04/2023]
Abstract
Background Metastatic breast cancers (MBC) with no expression of human epidermal growth factor receptor-2 (HER2) are recently classified into two groups; HER2-zero [HER2-immunohistochemistry (IHC) score of 0 (IHC-0)] and HER2-low, defined as those with IHC score of 1+ or 2+ with negative in situ hybridization (ISH) assay. We investigate differences in treatment outcomes between both groups treated with endocrine therapy (ET) and the CDK4/6 inhibitor ribociclib. Methods Data were retrospectively collected for patients with HR-positive+/HER2-negative MBC who received ribociclib with an aromatase inhibitor (AI) or fulvestrant and were divided into two groups: HER2-zero and HER2-low. Results A total of 257 patients, median age 48 (22-87) years, all with MBC who were treated with ET and ribociclib were enrolled. One hundred and thirty-seven (53.3%) patients had de novo MBC, and majority (n = 162, 63.0%) received ribociclib as a first-line therapy. In total, 114 (44.4%) patients had HER2-zero (IHC-0), while 143 (55.6%) others had HER2-low disease. The overall response rate (ORR) was 52.0% for the HER2-zero group compared to 39.4% for the HER2-low group, p = 0.005. The median PFS was 22.2 (95% confidence interval [CI], 19.4-NR) months for HER2-zero versus 17.3 (95% CI, 14.1-20.6) months for HER2-low, P = 0.0039. In multivariable analysis, HER2-low expression remained significant determinant of inferior PFS after adjusting for other factors, including the site of metastasis, prior chemotherapy, and the line of treatment. Conclusion In patients with MBC treated with ET and ribociclib, level of HER2 negativity may affect treatment outcomes; patients with HER2-zero had better response rate and PFS compared to those with HER2-low disease. These findings, if confirmed in larger studies, may help oncologists select patients with HER2-low for better treatment options.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baha’ Sharaf
- Department of Internal Medicine, King Hussein Cancer Center, Amman, Jordan
| | - Hala Abu-Fares
- Department of Internal Medicine, King Hussein Cancer Center, Amman, Jordan
| | - Faris Tamimi
- Department of Internal Medicine, King Hussein Cancer Center, Amman, Jordan
| | - Suhaib Al-Sawajneh
- Department of Internal Medicine, King Hussein Cancer Center, Amman, Jordan
| | - Osama Salama
- Department of Internal Medicine, King Hussein Cancer Center, Amman, Jordan
| | - Rand Daoud
- Department of Internal Medicine, King Hussein Cancer Center, Amman, Jordan
| | | | - Sawsan Al-Lababidi
- Department of Internal Medicine, King Hussein Cancer Center, Amman, Jordan
| | - Hikmat Abdel-Razeq
- Department of Internal Medicine, King Hussein Cancer Center, Amman, Jordan
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Zhan M, Huang Z, Xu T, Xu X, Zheng H, Wu F. Cost-effectiveness analysis of trastuzumab deruxtecan in patients with HER2-low advanced breast cancer based on DESTINY-Breast04. Front Public Health 2023; 11:1049947. [PMID: 37457280 PMCID: PMC10347396 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1049947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2022] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and purpose Breast cancer is a rapidly raising healthcare problem worldwide. DESTINY-Breast04 demonstrated that trastuzumab deruxtecan (T-Dxd) had a survival advantage comparing to the physician's choice of chemotherapy for patients with HER2-low metastatic breast cancer. But at the same time, this expensive novel treatment also brought an economic burden. This study assessed the cost-effectiveness of T-Dxd based on results of DESTINY-Breast04 from the perspective of Chinese healthcare system. Materials and methods A three-state partitioned-survival model [progression-free survival (PFS), progressive disease (PD) and death] based on data from DESTINY-Breast04 and Chinese healthcare system was used to estimate the incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER) of T-Dxd vs. the physician's choice of chemotherapy for HER2-low metastatic breast cancer. Costs, quality-adjusted life-years (QALYs) and the ICER in terms of 2022 US$ per QALY gained were calculated for both hormone receptor-positive cohort and all patients. One-way and probabilistic sensitivity analyses were performed to assess the model robustness. Results Compared with the physician's choice of chemotherapy, T-Dxd increased costs by $104,168.30, while gaining 0.31 QALYs, resulting in an ICER of $336,026.77 per QALY in all patients. The costs of T-Dxd and the utility of PFS were the crucial factors in determining the ICER. In the hormone receptor-positive cohort, the ICER was lower than that in all patients, with the ICER of $274,905.72 per QALY. The ICER was much higher than the commonly accepted willingness-to-pay threshold ($357,96.83 per QALY). Conclusion T-Dxd as second- or subsequent-line treatment is not a cost-effective treatment option for HER2-low metastatic breast cancer from the perspective of the Chinese healthcare system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei Zhan
- Department of Pharmacy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Zijia Huang
- Department of Pharmacy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Ting Xu
- Department of Pharmacy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xinyi Xu
- West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Hanrui Zheng
- Department of Pharmacy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Fengbo Wu
- Department of Pharmacy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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Sode M, Thagaard J, Eriksen JO, Laenkholm AV. Digital image analysis and assisted reading of the HER2 score display reduced concordance: pitfalls in the categorisation of HER2-low breast cancer. Histopathology 2023; 82:912-924. [PMID: 36737248 DOI: 10.1111/his.14877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2022] [Revised: 01/11/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Digital image analysis (DIA) is used increasingly as an assisting tool to evaluate biomarkers, including human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) in invasive breast cancer (BC). DIA can assist pathologists in HER2 evaluation by presenting quantitative information about the HER2 staining in APP assisted reading (AR). Concurrently, the HER2-low category (HER2-1+/2+ without HER2 gene amplification) has gained prominence due to newly developed antibody-drug conjugates. However, major inter- and intraobserver variability have been observed for the entity. The present quality assurance study investigated the concordance between DIA and AR in clinical use, especially concerning the HER2-low category. METHODS AND RESULTS HER2 immunohistochemistry (IHC) in 761 tumours from 727 patients was evaluated in tissue microarray (TMA) cores by DIA (Visiopharm HER2-CONNECT) and AR. Overall concordance between HER2-scores were 73% (n = 552, weighted-κ: 0.66), and 88% (n = 669, weighted-κ: 0.70), when combining HER2-0/1+. A total of 205 scores were discordant by one category, while four were discordant by two categories. A heterogeneous HER2 pattern was relatively common in the discordant cases and a pitfall in the categorisation of HER2-low BC. AR more commonly reassigned a lower HER2 score (from HER2-1+ to HER2-0) within the HER2-low subgroup (n = 624) compared with DIA. CONCLUSION DIA and AR display moderate agreement with heterogeneous and aberrant staining, representing a source of discordance and a pitfall in the evaluation of HER2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Sode
- Department of Pathology, Zealand University Hospital, Roskilde, Denmark.,Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Jens Ole Eriksen
- Department of Pathology, Zealand University Hospital, Roskilde, Denmark
| | - Anne-Vibeke Laenkholm
- Department of Pathology, Zealand University Hospital, Roskilde, Denmark.,Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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The role of HER2 alterations in clinicopathological and molecular characteristics of breast cancer and HER2-targeted therapies: a comprehensive review. MEDICAL ONCOLOGY (NORTHWOOD, LONDON, ENGLAND) 2022; 39:210. [PMID: 36175719 DOI: 10.1007/s12032-022-01817-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2022] [Accepted: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Breast cancer (BC) is the most common malignancy in women and one of the leading causes of cancer mortality, despite significant treatment advancements over the last decades. Human epidermal growth factor receptor-2 (HER2) is a member of the ERBB family of receptor tyrosine kinases which have long been known to mediate cancer cell growth and invasion through constitutive activation of oncogenic downstream signaling, such as PI3K/Akt/mTOR and MAPK. Overexpression/amplification of HER2 in various tumors, especially BC, offers the possible therapeutic potential for target therapies. HER2-targeted therapies, either with a combination of chemotherapy or through multi-anti-HER2 therapies without chemotherapy, have significantly improved the prognosis of HER2-positive tumors. In recent years, novel anti-HER2 agents and combination therapies have garnered much attention, especially for heavily treated advanced or metastatic BCs. HER2-positive BC is biologically a heterogeneous group depending on HER2 activation mechanisms, hormone receptor status, genome variations, tumor heterogeneity, and treatment resistance, which affect the treatment benefit and patients' outcomes. This review will discuss HER2 alternations (gene amplification or receptor overexpression) in BC, their correlation with clinicopathological characteristics and molecular characteristics, and HER2-based therapies in tumors with HER2 overexpression/amplification.
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Wei Y, An X, Cao Q, Che N, Xue Y, Deng H, Wang Q, Zhou R. Lentiviral vector–based xenograft tumors as candidate reference materials for detection of HER2-low breast cancer. Front Oncol 2022; 12:955943. [PMID: 36052254 PMCID: PMC9425432 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.955943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2022] [Accepted: 07/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) is an important biomarker that plays a pivotal role in therapeutic decision-making for patients with breast cancer (BC). Patients with HER2-low BC can benefit from new HER2 targeted therapy. For ensuring the accurate and reproducible detection of HER2-low cancer, reliable reference materials are required for monitoring the sensitivity and specificity of detection assays. Herein, a lentiviral vector was used to transduce the HER2 gene into MDA-MB-231 cells that exhibited low HER2 density, and the cells were characterized by droplet digital PCR to accurately determine the copy number variation. Then, the formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) samples from xenografts were prepared and evaluated for suitability as candidate reference materials by immunohistochemistry (IHC) and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH). The FFPE reference materials were selected on the basis of IHC score of 2+ and negative FISH result to meet the requirement for HER2-low BC detection. Furthermore, the FFPE reference materials exhibited typical histological structures that resembled the clinical BC specimens. These novel FFPE reference materials displayed the high stability and homogeneity, and they were produced in high quantity. In summary, we generated high-quality reference materials for internal quality control and proficiency testing in HER2-low detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yali Wei
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, The Third Clinical Medical College of Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xu An
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Tongzhou Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Beijing, Beijing, China
| | - Qinmei Cao
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Clinical Medical College of Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Nanying Che
- Department of Pathology, Beijing Chest Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Tuberculosis and Thoracic Tumor Research Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Yuanyuan Xue
- Ministry of Education (MOE) Key Laboratory of Bioinformatics, Center for Synthetic and Systematic Biology, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Haiteng Deng
- Ministry of Education (MOE) Key Laboratory of Bioinformatics, Center for Synthetic and Systematic Biology, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Qingtao Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, The Third Clinical Medical College of Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Qingtao Wang, ; Rui Zhou,
| | - Rui Zhou
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, The Third Clinical Medical College of Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Qingtao Wang, ; Rui Zhou,
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Lai HZ, Han JR, Fu X, Ren YF, Li ZH, You FM. Targeted Approaches to HER2-Low Breast Cancer: Current Practice and Future Directions. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14153774. [PMID: 35954438 PMCID: PMC9367369 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14153774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2022] [Revised: 07/28/2022] [Accepted: 07/29/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary HER2-low breast cancer (BC) accounts for more than half of breast cancer patients. Anti-HER2 therapy has been ineffective in HER2-low BC, for which palliative chemotherapy is the main treatment modality. The definitive efficacy of T-Dxd in HER2-low BC breaks previous treatment strategies, which will redefine HER2-low and thus reshape anti-HER2 therapy. This review summarizes detection technologies and novel agents for HER2-low BC, and explores their possible role in future clinics, to provide ideas for the diagnosis and treatment of HER2-low BC. Abstract HER2-low breast cancer (BC) has a poor prognosis, making the development of more suitable treatment an unmet clinical need. While chemotherapy is the main method of treatment for HER2-low BC, not all patients benefit from it. Antineoplastic therapy without chemotherapy has shown promise in clinical trials and is being explored further. As quantitative detection techniques become more advanced, they assist in better defining the expression level of HER2 and in guiding the development of targeted therapies, which include directly targeting HER2 receptors on the cell surface, targeting HER2-related intracellular signaling pathways and targeting the immune microenvironment. A new anti-HER2 antibody-drug conjugate called T-DM1 has been successfully tested and found to be highly effective in clinical trials. With this progress, it could eventually be transformed from a disease without a defined therapeutic target into a disease with a defined therapeutic molecular target. Furthermore, efforts are being made to compare the sequencing and combination of chemotherapy, endocrine therapy, and HER2-targeted therapy to improve prognosis to customize the subtype of HER2 low expression precision treatment regimens. In this review, we summarize the current and upcoming treatment strategies, to achieve accurate management of HER2-low BC.
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Kurozumi S, Katayama A, Shirabe K, Horiguchi J, Rakha EA. Clinicopathological utility of human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)-heterogeneity for next-generation treatments of triple-negative breast cancer. Oncotarget 2021; 12:2302-2304. [PMID: 34733421 PMCID: PMC8555688 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.28007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
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Hamilton E, Shastry M, Shiller SM, Ren R. Targeting HER2 heterogeneity in breast cancer. Cancer Treat Rev 2021; 100:102286. [PMID: 34534820 DOI: 10.1016/j.ctrv.2021.102286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The identification of Human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) as a target in breast cancer and the subsequent development of HER2-targeted therapies has revolutionized the treatment of patients with HER2-positive breast cancer. However, there is an increasing awareness of how frequently tumors have low or heterogeneous expression of HER2. It is now recognized that this impacts the degree of benefit from HER2-targeted therapies. With the advent of novel and more potent antibody drug conjugates, targeting HER2 in traditional HER2-negative tumors with "HER2-low" expression is becoming possible. It is essential to refine the nomenclature around HER2 expression to enable clinicians to optimize treatment for patients across the HER2 expression spectrum in breast cancer. HER2 heterogeneity can be detected by conventional IHC, gene expression profiling or other methods and numerous studies have documented the correlation between the presence of HER2 heterogeneity and shorter disease-free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS). Validation of techniques to identify HER2 heterogeneity in the clinic and concurrent development of agents to effectively treat tumors with non-uniform HER2 expression is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erika Hamilton
- Sarah Cannon Research Institute/Tennessee Oncology, Nashville, TN, United States.
| | - Mythili Shastry
- Sarah Cannon Research Institute, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - S Michelle Shiller
- Genomic and Molecular Pathology Services, Pathgroup, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Rongqin Ren
- Genomic and Molecular Pathology Services, Pathgroup, Nashville, TN, United States
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Boyer JZ, Phillips GDL, Nitta H, Garsha K, Admire B, Kraft R, Dennis E, Vela E, Towne P. Activity of trastuzumab emtansine (T-DM1) in 3D cell culture. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2021; 188:65-75. [PMID: 34091830 PMCID: PMC8233276 DOI: 10.1007/s10549-021-06272-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Background Cell spheroids and aggregates generated from three-dimensional (3D) cell culture methods are similar to in vivo tumors in terms of tissue morphology, biology, and gene expression, unlike cells grown in 2D cell cultures. Breast cancer heterogeneity is one of the main drug resistant mechanisms and needs to be overcome in order to increase the efficacy of drug activity in its treatments. Methods We performed a unique 3D cell culture and drug efficacy study with trastuzumab emtansine (Kadcyla®, T-DM1) across five breast cancer cell lines (BT-474, SK-BR-3, MDA-MB-361, MDA-MB-175, and MCF-7) that were previously investigated in 2D cell culture. We performed HER2 IHC staining, cell viability experiments, Gene-protein-assay (GPA), and T-DM1 internalization studies. Results We obtained significantly different results including higher IC50 for some of the cell lines. Our GPA showed some significant heterogeneous HER2 gene and protein expression in 3D cultured spheroids or aggregates. The fluorescent images also showed that a longer incubation time is needed for T-DM1 to be internalized effectively into 3D cultured spheroids or aggregates. Conclusion Our study demonstrated that the difference of T-DM1 drug activity in 3D spheroids or aggregates might be due to tumor heterogeneity and less efficient internalization of T-DM1 that is not seen using 2D cell culture models. Drug studies using 3D cell culture are expected to provide biologically relevant models for determining drug activity in tumor tissue in future drug response and resistance research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean Zheng Boyer
- Roche Tissue Diagnostics, 1910 E Innovation Park Drive, Tucson, AZ, 85755, USA.
| | | | - Hiro Nitta
- Roche Tissue Diagnostics, 1910 E Innovation Park Drive, Tucson, AZ, 85755, USA
| | - Karl Garsha
- Roche Tissue Diagnostics, 1910 E Innovation Park Drive, Tucson, AZ, 85755, USA
| | - Brittany Admire
- Roche Tissue Diagnostics, 1910 E Innovation Park Drive, Tucson, AZ, 85755, USA
| | - Robert Kraft
- Roche Tissue Diagnostics, 1910 E Innovation Park Drive, Tucson, AZ, 85755, USA
| | - Eslie Dennis
- Roche Tissue Diagnostics, 1910 E Innovation Park Drive, Tucson, AZ, 85755, USA
| | - Elizabeth Vela
- Roche Tissue Diagnostics, 1910 E Innovation Park Drive, Tucson, AZ, 85755, USA
| | - Penny Towne
- Roche Tissue Diagnostics, 1910 E Innovation Park Drive, Tucson, AZ, 85755, USA
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Predictive significance of HER2 intratumoral heterogeneity, determined by simultaneous gene and protein analysis, for resistance to trastuzumab-based treatments for HER2-positive breast cancer. Virchows Arch 2021; 479:13-21. [PMID: 33496805 DOI: 10.1007/s00428-021-03036-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2020] [Revised: 01/01/2021] [Accepted: 01/15/2021] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Gene-protein assay (GPA), a combination of immunohistochemistry and dual in situ hybridization, allows simultaneous visualization of HER2 protein and gene on a single slide. We aimed to clarify the clinical significance of HER2 intratumoral heterogeneity (ITH) using GPA. We investigated the relationships between various HER2 ITH indicators and clinical course in 102 patients with HER2-positive breast cancer, treated with neoadjuvant trastuzumab and chemotherapy. Five representative microscopic images were captured from each GPA slide of pre-therapeutic biopsy materials. All evaluable cancer cells in the images were individually assessed for HER2 gene copy number and protein expression. Mean and coefficient of variation (CV) of both gene copy number and protein category were calculated, and each was divided into negative, equivocal, and positive. Based on their combined status, cancer cells were classified into nine types. Pathological complete response (pCR) to neoadjuvant treatments showed positive relationships to mean gene copy number (P < 0.001), mean protein category (P < 0.001), and proportion of gene- and protein-positive tumor cells (P < 0.001) and showed negative relationships to the CV of protein category (P < 0.001) and the proportion of gene-amplified but protein-negative tumor cells (P = 0.002). Two diagnostic models, created by combining clinicopathological factors and ITH indicators, showed excellent potential diagnostic ability for pCR (mean gene copy number and protein category CV; AUC = 0.837, proportion of gene- and protein-positive tumor cells; AUC = 0.831). HER2 ITH quantified by GPA is a potential predictive indicator for efficacy of HER2-targeted treatment.
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Drucker A, Yoo BH, Khan IA, Choi D, Montermini L, Liu X, Jovanovic S, Younis T, Rosen KV. Trastuzumab-induced upregulation of a protein set in extracellular vesicles emitted by ErbB2-positive breast cancer cells correlates with their trastuzumab sensitivity. Breast Cancer Res 2020; 22:105. [PMID: 33023655 PMCID: PMC7541295 DOI: 10.1186/s13058-020-01342-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2020] [Accepted: 09/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Background ErbB2/HER2 oncoprotein often drives breast cancers (BCs) which are treated with the anti-ErbB2 antibody trastuzumab. The efficacy of trastuzumab-based metastatic BC therapies is routinely assessed by imaging studies. Trastuzumab typically becomes ineffective in the case of this disease and is then replaced by other drugs. Biomarkers of BC trastuzumab response could allow imaging studies and the switch to other drugs to occur earlier than is now possible. Moreover, bone-only BC metastases can be hard to measure, and biomarkers of their trastuzumab response could facilitate further treatment decisions. Such biomarkers are presently unavailable. In this study, we searched for proteins whose levels in BC cell-emitted extracellular vesicles (EVs) potentially correlate with BC trastuzumab sensitivity. Methods We isolated EVs from cultured trastuzumab-sensitive and trastuzumab-resistant human BC cells before and after trastuzumab treatment and characterized these EVs by nanoparticle tracking analysis and electron microscopy. We found previously that ErbB2 drives BC by downregulating a pro-apoptotic protein PERP. We now tested whether trastuzumab-induced PERP upregulation in EVs emitted by cultured human BC cells correlates with their trastuzumab sensitivity. We also used mass spectrometry to search for additional proteins whose levels in such EVs reflect BC cell trastuzumab sensitivity. Once we identified proteins whose EV levels correlate with this sensitivity in culture, we explored the feasibility of testing whether their levels in the blood EVs of trastuzumab-treated metastatic BC patients correlate with patients’ response to trastuzumab-based treatments. Results We found that neither trastuzumab nor acquisition of trastuzumab resistance by BC cells affects the size or morphology of EVs emitted by cultured BC cells. We established that EV levels of proteins PERP, GNAS2, GNA13, ITB1, and RAB10 correlate with BC cell trastuzumab response. Moreover, these proteins were upregulated during trastuzumab-based therapies in the blood EVs of a pilot cohort of metastatic BC patients that benefited from these therapies but not in those derived from patients that failed such treatments. Conclusions Upregulation of a protein set in EVs derived from cultured breast tumor cells correlates with tumor cell trastuzumab sensitivity. It is feasible to further evaluate these proteins as biomarkers of metastatic BC trastuzumab response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arik Drucker
- Department of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - Byong Hoon Yoo
- Departments of Pediatrics & Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - Iman Aftab Khan
- Departments of Pediatrics & Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - Dongsic Choi
- Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Glen Site, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Laura Montermini
- Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Glen Site, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Xiaoyang Liu
- Departments of Pediatrics & Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - Sanja Jovanovic
- Department of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - Tallal Younis
- Department of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - Kirill V Rosen
- Departments of Pediatrics & Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada. .,Atlantic Research Centre, Rm C-304, CRC, 5849 University Avenue, PO Box 15000, Halifax, NS, B3H 4R2, Canada.
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14
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Dehghani M, Keshavarz P, Talei A, Akrami M, Tahmasebi S, Safaie A, Ghanbari M. The Effects of Low HER2/neu Expression on the Clinicopathological Characteristics of Triple-Negative Breast Cancer Patients. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2020; 21:3027-3032. [PMID: 33112563 PMCID: PMC7798168 DOI: 10.31557/apjcp.2020.21.10.3027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2020] [Accepted: 10/12/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is an aggressive type of breast cancer (BC), and its diagnosis is associated with negative expression of hormone receptors and HER2/neu. It consists of 10-20% of all BCs diagnosed. METHODS AND MATERIALS This study focuses on three groups with different pathology: group one showed complete triple-negative HER2 expression with IHC of BC; groups two and three included patients with ER-, PR-, and HER21+, and ER-, PR-, and HER22+ with a negative FISH test. These three groups were compared from the point of prognosis, which consisted of tumor size, patients' age, lymphatic, vascular and perineural invasion, organ metastasis, number of lymph nodes involvement, and the survival rate. RESULTS A total of 459 TNBC patients were enrolled, of which 268 were placed in the HER20 group, 146 in the HER21+ group, and 45 in the HER22+ group. Distant metastasis and recurrence rate were more common in HER20 patients, but bone metastasis was more common in patients with low HER2 expression. All patients with HER20 had a smaller tumor size at the time of BC diagnosis in comparison to patients in the low HER2 expression group. Patients with HER22+ had less lymphatic and vascular invasion as well as axillary lymph nodes involvement, but larger tumor size at presentation, resulting in a lower rate of recurrence and higher overall survival. CONCLUSION The findings revealed that patients with HER22+ had better outcome in comparison to the patients with HER20 and HER21+. Furthermore, the results showed that many patients with HER22+ expression were not basal-like and had good prognosis amongst TNBC patients.
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MESH Headings
- Adult
- Aged
- Aged, 80 and over
- Biomarkers, Tumor/metabolism
- Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/metabolism
- Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/secondary
- Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/surgery
- Carcinoma, Lobular/metabolism
- Carcinoma, Lobular/secondary
- Carcinoma, Lobular/surgery
- Cross-Sectional Studies
- Female
- Follow-Up Studies
- Humans
- Lymphatic Metastasis
- Middle Aged
- Neoplasm Invasiveness
- Neoplasm Recurrence, Local/metabolism
- Neoplasm Recurrence, Local/pathology
- Neoplasm Recurrence, Local/surgery
- Prognosis
- Receptor, ErbB-2/metabolism
- Retrospective Studies
- Triple Negative Breast Neoplasms/metabolism
- Triple Negative Breast Neoplasms/pathology
- Triple Negative Breast Neoplasms/surgery
- Young Adult
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehdi Dehghani
- Hematology Research Center, Department of Hematology and Medical oncology, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
| | - Pedram Keshavarz
- Department of Radiology, Medical Imaging Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
| | - Abdolrasoul Talei
- Breast Diseases Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
| | - Majid Akrami
- Breast Diseases Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
| | - Sedighe Tahmasebi
- Breast Diseases Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
| | - Akbar Safaie
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
| | - Maryam Ghanbari
- Department of Internal Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
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15
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Jensen SG, Thomas PE, Christensen IJ, Balslev E, Hansen A, Høgdall E. Evaluation of analytical accuracy of HER2 status in patients with breast cancer: Comparison of HER2 GPA with HER2 IHC and HER2 FISH. APMIS 2020; 128:573-582. [PMID: 32860265 DOI: 10.1111/apm.13076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2020] [Accepted: 08/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) gene status and overexpression, occurring in ~ 13.6% of primary breast cancers, is essential for identifying patients likely to benefit from biological treatment. In this method of evaluation study, we tested and compared the HER2 gene-protein assay (GPA) with routine HER2 immunohistochemistry (IHC) and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH). The GPA was evaluated using 67 formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) HER2 equivoval IHC (2+) breast cancer tissue samples. Overall, agreement between GPA silver in situ hybridization (SISH) and FISH was 91.9% (57/62). Regression analysis revealed slightly higher, but non-significant difference in HER2/chromosome enumeration probe 17 (CEP17) ratio for GPA as compared to FISH (p = 0.074). Intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs) of 0.94 and Spearman´s rank correlation coefficients of 0.93 (p < 0.0001) for FISH and GPA SISH suggested strong inter-observer association for methods with one observer counting on average 0.23 significant higher for GPA SISH (p = 0.014). Intra-observer IHC method reproducibility was 52.6% (κ = 0.3122, p = 0.004) and 79.7% (κ = 0.6428, p = 0.9197), suggesting fair significant and substantial non-significant difference between tests for reviewers. Inter-observer reproducibility for IHC methods was 53%. While inter-observer reproducibility for experienced IHC interpretation suggested significant differences (κ = 0.3636, p = 0.0332), unexperienced interpretation of IHC GPA suggested fair non-significant difference between reviewers (κ = 0.3101, p = 0.0747). Using FISH as reference, the diagnostic indices for GPA SISH were as follows: sensitivity 100%, specificity 95% and accuracy 92%. Inaccuracy between tests was in 80% of cases due to ISH categorization as equivocal by one of the methods. IHC results highlight that it may be beneficial with a method for simultaneously visualization of HER2 gene and protein status.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Eva Balslev
- Department of Pathology, Herlev-Gentofte Hospital, Herlev, Denmark
| | - Alastair Hansen
- Department of Pathology, Herlev-Gentofte Hospital, Herlev, Denmark
| | - Estrid Høgdall
- Department of Pathology, Herlev-Gentofte Hospital, Herlev, Denmark
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16
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Hiraoka N, Nitta H, Ohba A, Yoshida H, Morizane C, Okusaka T, Nara S, Esaki M, Kishi Y, Shimada K. Details of human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 status in 454 cases of biliary tract cancer. Hum Pathol 2020; 105:9-19. [PMID: 32891647 DOI: 10.1016/j.humpath.2020.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2020] [Revised: 08/25/2020] [Accepted: 08/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)-targeted therapy has improved clinical outcomes in patients with HER2-positive breast and gastric cancers, although ineffective or recurrent cases are present. One reason for this is the heterogeneity of HER2 expression in cancer cells. The aim of this study was to investigate the clinicopathological characteristics and HER2 status of patients with biliary tract cancers (BTCs). We examined HER2 protein expression by immunohistochemistry, HER2 gene amplification by fluorescence in situ hybridization, and both HER2 protein and gene levels simultaneously by gene-protein assay. Samples were collected from 454 patients who underwent surgical resection for BTCs (110 intrahepatic cholangiocarcinomas [ICC], 67 perihilar extrahepatic cholangiocarcinomas [ECC-Bp], 119 distal extrahepatic cholangiocarcinomas [ECC-Bd], 80 gallbladder carcinomas [GBC], and 79 ampullary carcinomas [AVC]). HER2 status was assessed according to the guidelines for HER2 testing in gastroesophageal adenocarcinoma. HER2-positive status was detected in 14.5% of BTCs (3.7% of ICC, 3.0% of ECC-Bp, 18.5% of ECC-Bd, 31.3% of GBC, and 16.4% of AVC). Furthermore, HER2-positivity tended to correlate with low histological grade, tumor histology, and macroscopic features in certain tumors. HER2 heterogeneity was common and highly frequent (83%) in BTC cases. Reduced HER2 protein expression in the deeper invasive areas with simultaneous dedifferentiation was frequently observed in HER2-positive cancer cells. The findings of this study suggest that a large subgroup of HER2-positive BTC cases can be considered for HER2-targeted therapy. Moreover, the HER2 status in BTCs should be determined carefully using a sensitive approach toward larger cancer tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nobuyoshi Hiraoka
- Division of Pathology and Clinical Laboratories, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, 104-0045, Japan.
| | | | - Akihiro Ohba
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, 104-0045, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Yoshida
- Division of Pathology and Clinical Laboratories, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, 104-0045, Japan
| | - Chigusa Morizane
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, 104-0045, Japan
| | - Takuji Okusaka
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, 104-0045, Japan
| | - Satoshi Nara
- Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery Division, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, 104-0045, Japan
| | - Minoru Esaki
- Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery Division, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, 104-0045, Japan
| | - Yoji Kishi
- Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery Division, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, 104-0045, Japan
| | - Kazuaki Shimada
- Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery Division, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, 104-0045, Japan
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17
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García P, Bizama C, Rosa L, Espinoza JA, Weber H, Cerda-Infante J, Sánchez M, Montecinos VP, Lorenzo-Bermejo J, Boekstegers F, Dávila-López M, Alfaro F, Leiva-Acevedo C, Parra Z, Romero D, Kato S, Leal P, Lagos M, Roa JC. Functional and genomic characterization of three novel cell lines derived from a metastatic gallbladder cancer tumor. Biol Res 2020; 53:13. [PMID: 32293552 PMCID: PMC7158131 DOI: 10.1186/s40659-020-00282-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2019] [Accepted: 04/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Gallbladder cancer (GBC) is the most common tumor of the biliary tract. The incidence of GBC shows a large geographic variability, being particularly frequent in Native American populations. In Chile, GBC represents the second cause of cancer-related death among women. We describe here the establishment of three novel cell lines derived from the ascitic fluid of a Chilean GBC patient, who presented 46% European, 36% Mapuche, 12% Aymara and 6% African ancestry. Results After immunocytochemical staining of the primary cell culture, we isolated and comprehensively characterized three independent clones (PUC-GBC1, PUC-GBC2 and PUC-GBC3) by short tandem repeat DNA profiling and RNA sequencing as well as karyotype, doubling time, chemosensitivity, in vitro migration capability and in vivo tumorigenicity assay. Primary culture cells showed high expression of CK7, CK19, CA 19-9, MUC1 and MUC16, and negative expression of mesothelial markers. The three isolated clones displayed an epithelial phenotype and an abnormal structure and number of chromosomes. RNA sequencing confirmed the increased expression of cytokeratin and mucin genes, and also of TP53 and ERBB2 with some differences among the three cells lines, and revealed a novel exonic mutation in NF1. The PUC-GBC3 clone was the most aggressive according to histopathological features and the tumorigenic capacity in NSG mice. Conclusions The first cell lines established from a Chilean GBC patient represent a new model for studying GBC in patients of Native American descent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia García
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Carolina Bizama
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Lorena Rosa
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Applied Molecular and Cellular Biology PhD Program, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile
| | - Jaime A Espinoza
- Science for Life Laboratory, Division of Genome Biology, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Helga Weber
- Center of Excellence in Translational Medicine (CEMT) and Scientific and Technological Bioresource Nucleus (BIOREN), Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile
| | - Javier Cerda-Infante
- Department of Hematology Oncology; Cellular and Molecular Biology, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Marianela Sánchez
- Department of Hematology Oncology, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Viviana P Montecinos
- Department of Hematology Oncology, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Justo Lorenzo-Bermejo
- Statistical Genetics Research Group, Institute of Medical Biometry and Informatics, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Felix Boekstegers
- Statistical Genetics Research Group, Institute of Medical Biometry and Informatics, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Marcela Dávila-López
- Bioinformatics Core Facility, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Francisca Alfaro
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Claudia Leiva-Acevedo
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Zasha Parra
- Cytogenetics Laboratory, Complejo Asistencial Dr. Sótero del Río, Santiago, Chile
| | - Diego Romero
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Sumie Kato
- Division of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Pamela Leal
- Center of Excellence in Translational Medicine (CEMT) and Scientific and Technological Bioresource Nucleus (BIOREN), Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile
| | - Marcela Lagos
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Juan Carlos Roa
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Millennium Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile.
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18
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Marchiò C, Annaratone L, Marques A, Casorzo L, Berrino E, Sapino A. Evolving concepts in HER2 evaluation in breast cancer: Heterogeneity, HER2-low carcinomas and beyond. Semin Cancer Biol 2020; 72:123-135. [PMID: 32112814 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2020.02.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 144] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2019] [Revised: 02/16/2020] [Accepted: 02/22/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) is a well-known negative prognostic factor in breast cancer and a target of the monoclonal antibody trastuzumab as well as of other anti-HER2 compounds. Pioneering works on HER2-positive breast cancer in the 90s' launched a new era in clinical research and oncology practice that has reshaped the natural history of this disease. In diagnostic pathology the HER2 status is routinely assessed by using a combination of immunohistochemistry (IHC, to evaluate HER2 protein expression levels) and in situ hybridization (ISH, to assess HER2 gene status). For this purpose, international recommendations have been developed by a consensus of experts in the field, which have changed over the years according to new experimental and clinical data. In this review article we will document the changes that have contributed to a better evaluation of the HER2 status in clinical practice, furthermore we will discuss HER2 heterogeneity defined by IHC and ISH as well as by transcriptomic analysis and we will critically describe the complexity of HER2 equivocal results. Finally, we will introduce the clinical impact of HER2 mutations and we will define the upcoming category of HER2-low breast cancer with respect to emerging clinical data on the efficacy of specific anti-HER2 agents in subgroups of breast carcinomas lacking the classical oncogene addition dictated by HER2 amplification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caterina Marchiò
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy; Pathology Unit, Candiolo Cancer Institute, FPO-IRCCS, Candiolo, Italy.
| | - Laura Annaratone
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy; Pathology Unit, Candiolo Cancer Institute, FPO-IRCCS, Candiolo, Italy
| | - Ana Marques
- Pathology Unit, Candiolo Cancer Institute, FPO-IRCCS, Candiolo, Italy; Pathology Unit, Centro Hospitalar São João, Porto, Portugal
| | - Laura Casorzo
- Pathology Unit, Candiolo Cancer Institute, FPO-IRCCS, Candiolo, Italy
| | - Enrico Berrino
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy; Pathology Unit, Candiolo Cancer Institute, FPO-IRCCS, Candiolo, Italy
| | - Anna Sapino
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy; Pathology Unit, Candiolo Cancer Institute, FPO-IRCCS, Candiolo, Italy.
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Prakashiny S, Hussain S, Noorunnisa N, Shree RR, Ganesh S. Expression of human epidermal growth factor receptor 2/neu in breast carcinoma: Experience from a tertiary care center in Tamil Nadu, India. ARCHIVES OF MEDICINE AND HEALTH SCIENCES 2020. [DOI: 10.4103/amhs.amhs_42_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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20
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Yoon JH, Han K, Koh J, Kim GR, Kim HJ, Park YM, Youk JH, Chung J, Chae IH, Choi EJ, Moon HJ. Outcomes of Ductal Carcinoma In Situ According to Detection Modality: A Multicenter Study Comparing Recurrence Between Mammography and Breast US. ULTRASOUND IN MEDICINE & BIOLOGY 2019; 45:2623-2633. [PMID: 31351671 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultrasmedbio.2019.06.420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2019] [Revised: 06/17/2019] [Accepted: 06/27/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to determine whether disease recurrence and intrinsic characteristics of ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) are associated with the imaging method of detection in asymptomatic women. This multicenter, retrospective study included 844 women treated for asymptomatic DCIS who had pre-operative mammography and breast ultrasonography (US) studies available. Of the 844 women, 25 (3.0%) developed recurrences. Patients in the US group had significantly lower 5- and 10-y recurrence-free survival (RFS) rates compared with patients in the mammography group (p = 0.011). US-detected DCIS showed significantly lower 5-and 10-y RFS rates compared with mammography-detected DCIS in patients <50 y or with mammographically dense breasts (p = 0.002 and 0.002, respectively). US as the detection modality (hazard ratio [HR]: 4.451; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.530, 12.950; p = 0.006) and HER2 positivity (HR: 4.036; 95% CI: 1.438; 11.330; p = 0.008) were significantly associated with recurrence. We concluded that US as the detection modality and HER2 positivity were significantly associated with recurrence in patients treated for asymptomatic DCIS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung Hyun Yoon
- Department of Radiology, Severance Hospital, Research Institute of Radiological Science, Yonsei University, College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kyunghwa Han
- Department of Radiology, Research Institute of Radiological Science, Center for Clinical Imaging Data Science, Yonsei University, College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jieun Koh
- Department of Radiology, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University, College of Medicine, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Ga Ram Kim
- Department of Radiology, Inha University, College of Medicine, Incheon, Korea
| | - Hye Jung Kim
- Department of Radiology, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Kyungpook National University Chilgok Hospital, Daegu, Korea
| | - Young Mi Park
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Busan Paik Hospital, Inje University, College of Medicine, Busan, Korea
| | - Ji Hyun Youk
- Department of Radiology, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University, College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jin Chung
- Department of Radiology, Ewha Womans University Mokdong Hospital, Ewha Womans University, College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - In Hye Chae
- Department of Radiology, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Korea
| | - Eun Jung Choi
- Department of Radiology, Research Institute of Clinical Medicine of Chonbuk National University, Biomedical Research Institute of Chonbuk National University Hospital, Chonbuk National University, Medical School, Jeollabuk-do, Korea
| | - Hee Jung Moon
- Department of Radiology, Severance Hospital, Research Institute of Radiological Science, Yonsei University, College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
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Muller KE, Marotti JD, Tafe LJ. Pathologic Features and Clinical Implications of Breast Cancer With HER2 Intratumoral Genetic Heterogeneity. Am J Clin Pathol 2019; 152:7-16. [PMID: 30892594 DOI: 10.1093/ajcp/aqz010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To review breast cancer with human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) genetic heterogeneity (GH), with a focus on clinician interpretation of the results and subsequent management. METHODS We retrospectively searched all consecutive invasive breast cancers that underwent HER2 fluorescent in situ hybridization testing and identified cases with HER2 GH. RESULTS Eleven (0.4%) cases of primary breast tumors with reported HER2 GH were identified over 76 months. HER2-positive tumor cells comprised a mean ± SD of 20% ± 15% of the overall tumor population (range, 5%-50%) and exhibited high levels of amplification (HER2/CEP17 = 5.4 ± 2.9). Three cases had morphologic heterogeneity. Of the four patients who completed neoadjuvant chemotherapy, two had trastuzumab; all showed a partial pathologic response. We identified two cases in which there appeared to be clinical misinterpretation of the HER2 results. CONCLUSIONS HER2 GH is an infrequent event, may contain morphologic heterogeneity, could infer incomplete response to neoadjuvant therapy, and requires adequate communication with treating clinicians.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristen E Muller
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH
| | - Jonathan D Marotti
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH
| | - Laura J Tafe
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH
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22
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Comparison between digital image analysis and visual assessment of immunohistochemical HER2 expression in breast cancer. Pathol Res Pract 2018; 214:2087-2092. [DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2018.10.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2018] [Revised: 09/20/2018] [Accepted: 10/19/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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23
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Rye IH, Trinh A, Sætersdal AB, Nebdal D, Lingjærde OC, Almendro V, Polyak K, Børresen‐Dale A, Helland Å, Markowetz F, Russnes HG. Intratumor heterogeneity defines treatment-resistant HER2+ breast tumors. Mol Oncol 2018; 12:1838-1855. [PMID: 30133130 PMCID: PMC6210052 DOI: 10.1002/1878-0261.12375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2018] [Revised: 07/06/2018] [Accepted: 07/26/2018] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Targeted therapy for patients with HER2-positive (HER2+) breast cancer has improved overall survival, but many patients still suffer relapse and death from the disease. Intratumor heterogeneity of both estrogen receptor (ER) and HER2 expression has been proposed to play a key role in treatment failure, but little work has been done to comprehensively study this heterogeneity at the single-cell level. In this study, we explored the clinical impact of intratumor heterogeneity of ER protein expression, HER2 protein expression, and HER2 gene copy number alterations. Using combined immunofluorescence and in situ hybridization on tissue sections followed by a validated computational approach, we analyzed more than 13 000 single tumor cells across 37 HER2+ breast tumors. The samples were taken both before and after neoadjuvant chemotherapy plus HER2-targeted treatment, enabling us to study tumor evolution as well. We found that intratumor heterogeneity for HER2 copy number varied substantially between patient samples. Highly heterogeneous tumors were associated with significantly shorter disease-free survival and fewer long-term survivors. Patients for which HER2 characteristics did not change during treatment had a significantly worse outcome. This work shows the impact of intratumor heterogeneity in molecular diagnostics for treatment selection in HER2+ breast cancer patients and the power of computational scoring methods to evaluate in situ molecular markers in tissue biopsies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inga H. Rye
- Department of Cancer GeneticsInstitute for Cancer ResearchOslo University Hospital RadiumhospitaletNorway
| | - Anne Trinh
- Cancer Research UKCambridge InstituteUniversity of CambridgeUK
- Present address:
Department of Medical OncologyDana‐Farber Cancer InstituteBostonMAUSA
| | | | - Daniel Nebdal
- Department of Cancer GeneticsInstitute for Cancer ResearchOslo University Hospital RadiumhospitaletNorway
| | - Ole Christian Lingjærde
- Department of Cancer GeneticsInstitute for Cancer ResearchOslo University Hospital RadiumhospitaletNorway
- Biomedical Informatics DivisionDepartment of Computer ScienceUniversity of OsloNorway
| | - Vanessa Almendro
- Department of Medical OncologyDana‐Farber Cancer InstituteBostonMAUSA
- Present address:
Vertex PharmaceuticalsBostonMAUSA
| | - Kornelia Polyak
- Department of Medical OncologyDana‐Farber Cancer InstituteBostonMAUSA
| | - Anne‐Lise Børresen‐Dale
- Department of Cancer GeneticsInstitute for Cancer ResearchOslo University Hospital RadiumhospitaletNorway
- Department of Clinical MedicineUniversity of OsloNorway
| | - Åslaug Helland
- Department of Cancer GeneticsInstitute for Cancer ResearchOslo University Hospital RadiumhospitaletNorway
- Department of OncologyOslo University HospitalNorway
- Department of Clinical MedicineUniversity of OsloNorway
| | | | - Hege G. Russnes
- Department of Cancer GeneticsInstitute for Cancer ResearchOslo University Hospital RadiumhospitaletNorway
- Department of PathologyOslo University HospitalNorway
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24
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Kurozumi S, Yamaguchi Y, Matsumoto H, Inoue K, Kurosumi M, Oyama T, Horiguchi J, Fujii T, Shirabe K. Comparing protein and mRNA expressions of the human epidermal growth factor receptor family in estrogen receptor-positive breast cancer. Med Mol Morphol 2018; 52:90-98. [PMID: 30259117 DOI: 10.1007/s00795-018-0206-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2018] [Accepted: 09/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The human epidermal growth factor receptor (HER) family plays a vital role in the development of resistance to treatments in estrogen receptor (ER)-positive breast cancer. This study investigated the correlation between protein and mRNA expressions of the HER family in ER-positive breast cancer. We dissected regions of invasive cancer from the frozen tissues of 34 patients with ER-positive breast cancer using laser-capture microdissection, followed by evaluation of the mRNA levels of the ER and HER family (EGFR, HER2, HER3, and HER4) using the quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) assay. In addition, we assessed the protein expressions of the ER and HER family using an immunohistochemical (IHC) assay. A significant correlation was observed between the ER protein and mRNA expressions. For HER2, HER3, and HER4, protein expressions significantly correlated with mRNA levels. We established significant correlations of the mRNA level between EGFR versus HER2, as well as EGFR versus HER3. Furthermore, a significant correlation of the mRNA level between HER2 and HER3 was illustrated. In conclusion, IHC evaluation may be reliable and representable for mRNA. Hence, this study established a marked correlation between the mRNA expressions of HER family members in patients with ER-positive breast cancer.
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MESH Headings
- Adult
- Aged
- Aged, 80 and over
- Breast Neoplasms/genetics
- Breast Neoplasms/metabolism
- Breast Neoplasms/pathology
- ErbB Receptors/genetics
- ErbB Receptors/metabolism
- Female
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic
- Humans
- Immunohistochemistry
- Middle Aged
- RNA, Messenger/genetics
- RNA, Messenger/metabolism
- Receptor, ErbB-2/genetics
- Receptor, ErbB-2/metabolism
- Receptor, ErbB-3/genetics
- Receptor, ErbB-3/metabolism
- Receptor, ErbB-4/genetics
- Receptor, ErbB-4/metabolism
- Receptors, Estrogen/genetics
- Receptors, Estrogen/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- Sasagu Kurozumi
- Department of General Surgical Science, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-39-22, Showa, Maebashi-City, Gunma, 371-8511, Japan.
- Division of Breast Surgery, Saitama Cancer Center, Saitama, Japan.
| | - Yuri Yamaguchi
- Research Institute for Clinical Oncology, Saitama Cancer Center, Saitama, Japan
| | | | - Kenichi Inoue
- Division of Breast Oncology, Saitama Cancer Center, Saitama, Japan
| | | | - Tetsunari Oyama
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Gunma, Japan
| | - Jun Horiguchi
- Department of Breast Surgery, International University of Health and Welfare, Chiba, Japan
| | - Takaaki Fujii
- Department of General Surgical Science, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-39-22, Showa, Maebashi-City, Gunma, 371-8511, Japan
| | - Ken Shirabe
- Department of General Surgical Science, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-39-22, Showa, Maebashi-City, Gunma, 371-8511, Japan
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25
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Association of HER2 gene amplification and tumor progression in early gastric cancer. Virchows Arch 2018; 473:559-565. [PMID: 30120594 DOI: 10.1007/s00428-018-2433-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2018] [Revised: 07/20/2018] [Accepted: 08/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Overexpression of human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) protein in association with HER2 gene amplification is found in 7-34% of gastric cancers. In breast cancer, HER2 overexpression is a prognostic factor in advanced cases and is associated with tumor progression in ductal carcinoma in situ. However, the biological and clinical significance of HER2 status in early gastric cancer is unknown. Here, we aimed to examine the correlation between HER2 gene amplification and tumor progression in early gastric cancer. The HER2 status was evaluated in 149 lesions from 141 consecutive patients with early gastric cancer who underwent endoscopic resection by immunohistochemistry and dual color in situ hybridization. HER2 gene amplification was detected in 35 (23.5%) of 149 lesions, and of those, 26 cases (74.3%) showed intratumoral heterogeneity. HER2 gene amplification was found in noninvasive carcinoma, and there was a significant correlation between HER2 status and T factor (P = 0.0290). Our study demonstrated that HER2 gene amplification occurred during the early stages of gastric cancer and showed heterogeneity in several cases. HER2 gene amplification may be involved in tumor progression in early gastric cancer.
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26
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Martins CD, Da Pieve C, Burley TA, Smith R, Ciobota DM, Allott L, Harrington KJ, Oyen WJG, Smith G, Kramer-Marek G. HER3-Mediated Resistance to Hsp90 Inhibition Detected in Breast Cancer Xenografts by Affibody-Based PET Imaging. Clin Cancer Res 2018; 24:1853-1865. [PMID: 29437790 PMCID: PMC6296444 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-17-2754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2017] [Revised: 12/13/2017] [Accepted: 02/01/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Purpose: Recent studies have highlighted a role of HER3 in HER2-driven cancers (e.g., breast cancer), implicating the upregulation of the receptor in resistance to HER-targeted therapies and Hsp90 inhibitors (e.g., AUY922). Therefore, we have developed an affibody-based PET radioconjugate that quantitatively assesses HER3 changes induced by Hsp90 inhibition in vivoExperimental Design: ZHER3:8698 affibody molecules were conjugated via the C-terminus cysteine to DFO-maleimide for 89Zr radiolabeling. The probe was characterized in vitro and in vivo in a panel of human breast cell lines and xenograft models with varying HER3 receptor levels. In addition, the radioconjugate was investigated as a tool to monitor the outcome of AUY922, an Hsp90 inhibitor, in an MCF-7 xenograft model.Results: We demonstrated that 89Zr-DFO-ZHER3:8698 can track changes in receptor expression in HER3-positive xenograft models and monitor the outcome of AUY922 treatment. Our in vitro findings showed that MCF-7 cells, which are phenotypically different from BT474, develop resistance to treatment with AUY922 through HER3/IGF-1Rβ-mediated signaling. Of note, the lack of response in vitro due to HER3 recovery was confirmed in vivo using 89Zr-DFO-ZHER3:8698-based imaging. Upon AUY922 treatment, higher radioconjugate uptake was detected in treated MCF-7 xenografts, correlating with an AUY922-induced HER3 upregulation concomitant with an increase in IGF-1Rβ expression.Conclusions: These data underline the potential of HER3-based PET imaging to noninvasively provide information about HER3 expression and to identify patients not responding to targeted therapies due to HER3 recovery. Clin Cancer Res; 24(8); 1853-65. ©2018 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos D Martins
- Division of Radiotherapy and Imaging, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom
| | - Chiara Da Pieve
- Division of Radiotherapy and Imaging, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom
| | - Thomas A Burley
- Division of Radiotherapy and Imaging, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom
| | - Rhodri Smith
- Division of Radiotherapy and Imaging, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom
| | - Daniela M Ciobota
- Division of Radiotherapy and Imaging, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom
| | - Louis Allott
- Division of Radiotherapy and Imaging, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom
| | - Kevin J Harrington
- Division of Radiotherapy and Imaging, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom
| | - Wim J G Oyen
- Division of Radiotherapy and Imaging, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Graham Smith
- Division of Radiotherapy and Imaging, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom
| | - Gabriela Kramer-Marek
- Division of Radiotherapy and Imaging, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom.
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27
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Liu S, Lee JS, Jie C, Park MH, Iwakura Y, Patel Y, Soni M, Reisman D, Chen H. HER2 Overexpression Triggers an IL1α Proinflammatory Circuit to Drive Tumorigenesis and Promote Chemotherapy Resistance. Cancer Res 2018; 78:2040-2051. [PMID: 29382706 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-17-2761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2017] [Revised: 11/14/2017] [Accepted: 01/26/2018] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Systemic inflammation in breast cancer correlates with poor prognosis, but the molecular underpinnings of this connection are not well understood. In this study, we explored the relationship between HER2 overexpression, inflammation, and expansion of the mammary stem/progenitor and cancer stem-like cell (CSC) population in breast cancer. HER2-positive epithelial cells initiated and sustained an inflammatory milieu needed to promote tumorigenesis. HER2 induced a feedforward activation loop of IL1α and IL6 that stimulated NFκB and STAT3 pathways for generation and maintenance of breast CSC. In mice, Il1a genetic deficiency delayed MMTV-Her2-induced tumorigenesis and reduced inflammatory cytokine expression as well as CSC in primary tumors. In clinical specimens of human breast tumor tissues, tissue microarray analysis revealed a strong positive correlation between IL1α/IL6 expression and CSC-positive phenotype. Pharmacologic blockade of IL1α signaling reduced the CSC population and improved chemotherapeutic efficacy. Our findings suggest new therapeutic or prevention strategies for HER2-positive breast cancers.Significance: IL1α signaling driven by HER2 promotes chronic inflammation needed to support cancer stem-like cell maintenance in HER2-positive breast cancers. Cancer Res; 78(8); 2040-51. ©2018 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shou Liu
- Department of Biological Science, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina.,Center for Colon Cancer Research, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina
| | - Ji Shin Lee
- Department of Pathology, Chonnam National University Hwasun Hospital, Jeonnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Chunfa Jie
- Master of Science in Biomedical Sciences Program, Des Moines University, Des Moines, Iowa
| | - Min Ho Park
- Department of Surgery, Chonnam National University Hwasun Hospital, Jeonnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoichiro Iwakura
- Research Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, Noda, Chiba, Japan
| | - Yogin Patel
- Department of Biological Science, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina.,Center for Colon Cancer Research, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina
| | - Mithil Soni
- Department of Biological Science, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina.,Center for Colon Cancer Research, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina
| | - David Reisman
- Department of Biological Science, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina.,Center for Colon Cancer Research, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina
| | - Hexin Chen
- Department of Biological Science, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina. .,Center for Colon Cancer Research, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina
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28
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Khan IA, Yoo BH, Rak J, Rosen KV. Mek activity is required for ErbB2 expression in breast cancer cells detached from the extracellular matrix. Oncotarget 2017; 8:105383-105396. [PMID: 29285258 PMCID: PMC5739645 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.22194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2017] [Accepted: 09/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Detachment of non-malignant epithelial cells from the extracellullar matrix (ECM) triggers their growth arrest and apoptosis. Conversely, carcinoma cells can grow without adhesion to the ECM. This capacity for anchorage-independent growth is thought to be critical for tumor progression. ErbB2/Her2 oncoprotein is overproduced by a significant fraction of breast cancers and promotes anchorage-independent tumor cell growth by poorly understood mechanisms. In an effort to understand them we found that in order to produce ErbB2, detached breast cancer cells require the activity of an ErbB2 effector protein kinase Mek and that Mek-driven ErbB2 expression is neccesary for anchorage-independent growth of such cells. We observed that Mek inhibition does not alter ErbB2 mRNA levels in detached cancer cells and that ErbB2 protein loss induced by this inhibition can be blocked by a lysosomal inhibitor. We also noticed that an increase of the density of cancer cells detached from the ECM downregulates a Mek effector protein kinase Erk and causes ErbB2 loss. Those cells that survive after ErbB2 loss display resistance to trastuzumab, an anti-ErbB2 antibody used for ErbB2-positive breast cancer treatment. Thus, Mek-induced ErbB2 stabilization in detached breast cancer cells is critical for their ability to grow anchorage-independently and their trastuzumab sensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iman A Khan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Canada
| | - Byong H Yoo
- Department of Pediatrics, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Canada
| | - Janusz Rak
- Department of Pediatrics, McGill University, Montreal, Canada.,The Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal Children's Hospital, Montreal, Canada
| | - Kirill V Rosen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Canada.,Department of Pediatrics, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Canada
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29
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HER2 intratumoral heterogeneity is independently associated with incomplete response to anti-HER2 neoadjuvant chemotherapy in HER2-positive breast carcinoma. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2017; 166:447-457. [DOI: 10.1007/s10549-017-4453-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2017] [Accepted: 08/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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30
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Lo RCL, Leung CON, Chok KSH, Ng IOL. Variation of stemness markers expression in tumor nodules from synchronous multi-focal hepatocellular carcinoma - an immunohistochemical study. Diagn Pathol 2017; 12:56. [PMID: 28764740 PMCID: PMC5539743 DOI: 10.1186/s13000-017-0649-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2017] [Accepted: 07/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Advancing knowledge in molecular pathogenesis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) opens up new horizons in the diagnostic, prognostic and therapeutic perspectives. Assessing the expression of molecular targets prior to definitive treatment is gaining importance in clinical practice. In this study, we investigated the variation in expression pattern of stemness markers in synchronous multi-focal HCC. Methods In the first cohort, 21 liver explants with multi-focal HCC were examined for expression of stemness markers EpCAM, Sox9 and CK19 by immunohistochemistry (IHC). Expression data of 50 tumor nodules were analyzed to determine the concordance of expression among nodules in the same livers. In the second cohort, 14 tumor nodules from 6 multi-focal HCC cases proven as intra-hepatic metastasis were examined for Soc9 immunoexpression. Results In the first cohort, thirty nodules from 16 cases expressed one or more markers, with Sox9 being most frequently expressed. Complete concordance of expression pattern for all 3 markers was observed in 6 cases. Discrepancy of staining degree was noted in 4 cases for EpCAM, 14 cases for Sox9, and 6 cases for CK19. A two-tier or three-tier difference in staining scores was noted in 5 cases for Sox9 and one case for CK19. With Sox9, identical tumor morphology in terms of Edmondson grading and growth pattern did not infer the same degree of immunoexpression; and the largest tumor nodule was not representative of highest IHC score. In the second cohort of intra-hepatic metastasis, complete concordance of Sox9 expression level was observed in 5 out of 6 cases; while the remaining case showed a 1-tier difference of positive staining. Conclusions Our findings suggested that clonality of tumor nodules is apparently an important factor to infer immunoexpression pattern. When there is limited information to discern multiple primaries versus intra-hepatic metastasis in multi-focal HCC, discordant degree of stemness markers expression among tumor nodules was commonly observed especially for markers with higher frequency of expression. Pathological features alone do not necessarily indicate the expression pattern of the synchronous nodule and in this scenario examination of each tumor nodule is justified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Regina Cheuk-Lam Lo
- Department of Pathology, The University of Hong Kong, University Pathology Building, Queen Mary Hospital, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China. .,State Key Laboratory for Liver Research, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Carmen Oi-Ning Leung
- Department of Pathology, The University of Hong Kong, University Pathology Building, Queen Mary Hospital, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China
| | - Kenneth Siu-Ho Chok
- Department of Surgery, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.,State Key Laboratory for Liver Research, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Irene Oi-Lin Ng
- Department of Pathology, The University of Hong Kong, University Pathology Building, Queen Mary Hospital, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China. .,State Key Laboratory for Liver Research, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
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31
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Polónia A, Oliveira G, Schmitt F. Characterization of HER2 gene amplification heterogeneity in invasive and in situ breast cancer using bright-field in situ hybridization. Virchows Arch 2017; 471:589-598. [PMID: 28702778 DOI: 10.1007/s00428-017-2189-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2017] [Revised: 05/30/2017] [Accepted: 06/28/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
The aims of this study were to evaluate and compare the HER2 gene amplification status in invasive and adjacent in situ breast carcinoma, using bright-field in situ hybridization, and to document the possible presence of HER2 genetic heterogeneity (HER2-GH) in both components. A cohort of 100 primary invasive carcinomas (IC) associated with carcinoma in situ (CIS) were evaluated for HER2 gene amplification by SISH according to the 2013 ASCO/CAP HER2 guideline. A second cohort of all the cases with HER2-GH since the introduction of the updated ASCO/CAP HER2 guideline was also characterized, and an evaluation of the HER2 gene amplification in the CIS component, if present, was also done. In the first cohort, the HER2 amplification in the IC was negative in 87% of the cases and positive in 13% of the cases, without the presence of HER2-GH. All the cases had an associated CIS with the same HER2 status as IC, with four cases of CIS presenting HER2-GH. In the CIS, we observed a significant relationship of HER2 gene amplification with high nuclear grade. In the four cases with HER2-GH in CIS, two cases presented HER2 gene amplification in the IC. The second cohort included 12 cases with HER2-GH in a total of 1243 IC cases (0.97%). Additionally, we identified two cases associated with non-amplified CIS. HER2-GH is a rare event in IC and can already be present in CIS, not being an important step in the acquisition of invasive features.
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Affiliation(s)
- António Polónia
- Department of Pathology, Ipatimup Diagnostics, Ipatimup-Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto, Rua Júlio Amaral de Carvalho 45, 4200-135, Porto, Portugal.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Alameda Professor Hernâni Monteiro, 4200-319, Porto, Portugal
| | - Guilherme Oliveira
- Department of Pathology, Ipatimup Diagnostics, Ipatimup-Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto, Rua Júlio Amaral de Carvalho 45, 4200-135, Porto, Portugal
| | - Fernando Schmitt
- Department of Pathology, Ipatimup Diagnostics, Ipatimup-Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto, Rua Júlio Amaral de Carvalho 45, 4200-135, Porto, Portugal. .,Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Alameda Professor Hernâni Monteiro, 4200-319, Porto, Portugal. .,Laboratoire national de santé, 1, rue Louis Rech, 3555, Dudelange, Luxembourg.
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32
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Wong F, Coban O, Weitsman G, Ng T. Integrating imaging, exosome and protein network rewiring information to track early tumour evolution of resistance mechanisms. CONVERGENT SCIENCE PHYSICAL ONCOLOGY 2017. [DOI: 10.1088/2057-1739/aa5cbd] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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33
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Casasent AK, Edgerton M, Navin NE. Genome evolution in ductal carcinoma in situ: invasion of the clones. J Pathol 2016; 241:208-218. [PMID: 27861897 DOI: 10.1002/path.4840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2016] [Revised: 10/21/2016] [Accepted: 10/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) is the most frequently diagnosed early-stage breast cancer. Only a subset of patients progress to invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC), and this presents a formidable clinical challenge for determining which patients to treat aggressively and which patients to monitor without therapeutic intervention. Understanding the molecular and genomic basis of invasion has been difficult to study in DCIS cancers due to several technical obstacles, including low tumour cellularity, lack of fresh-frozen tissues, and intratumour heterogeneity. In this review, we discuss the role of intratumour heterogeneity in the progression of DCIS to IDC in the context of three evolutionary models: independent lineages, evolutionary bottlenecks, and multiclonal invasion. We examine the evidence in support of these models and their relevance to the diagnosis and treatment of patients with DCIS. We also discuss how emerging technologies, such as single-cell sequencing, STAR-FISH, and imaging mass spectrometry, are likely to provide new insights into the evolution of this enigmatic disease. Copyright © 2016 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna K Casasent
- Department of Genetics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.,Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Mary Edgerton
- Department of Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Nicholas E Navin
- Department of Genetics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.,Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.,Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
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