1
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Van Liew JR, Jie C, Tucker JR, Streyffeler L. Reducing stigma and increasing competence working with mental illness: Adaptation of a contact-based program for osteopathic medical students to a virtual, active learning format. Med Educ Online 2023; 28:2151069. [PMID: 36420940 PMCID: PMC9704085 DOI: 10.1080/10872981.2022.2151069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Revised: 10/18/2022] [Accepted: 11/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Contact-based education, offering meaningful contact with individuals living in recovery with mental illness, reduces stigma. This study evaluated the effectiveness of the National Alliance on Mental Illness Provider Education Program (NAMI PEP) when implemented as a curricular requirement across two cohorts of third-year osteopathic medical students, comparing traditional, passive learning and active, online delivery formats. MATERIALS AND METHODS Participants were two cohorts of third-year medical students (Cohort 1 n = 186; Cohort 2 n = 139; overall N = 325) who completed questionnaires measuring affect, beliefs, and behaviors toward patients with mental illness at pre-program, 1-week follow-up, and 6-month follow-up. For Cohort 1, the existing community-based NAMI PEP was implemented. For Cohort 2, the program was adapted to an online, active learning format tailored to medical students, and an additional 3-month follow-up assessment was added to better identify intermediate-term effects. RESULTS The NAMI PEP was associated with longitudinal improvements in target outcomes, with enhanced effects with the adapted curriculum in Cohort 2. At 6-month follow-up, students reported less stigma, fewer stereotyping negative attitudes, and lower anxiety treating patients with mental illness. They also reported increased confidence integrating psychiatry into routine care and increased competence in principles of collaborative mental health treatment. CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrates the longitudinal effectiveness of the NAMI PEP across two cohorts of medical students, with strengthened effects observed when the program is tailored to contemporary medical education.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia R. Van Liew
- Department of Behavioral Medicine, Medical Humanities, and Bioethics, Des Moines University, Des Moines, IA, USA
| | - Chunfa Jie
- Department of Biochemistry and Nutrition, Des Moines University, Des Moines, IA, USA
| | - Jeritt R. Tucker
- Department of Behavioral Medicine, Medical Humanities, and Bioethics, Des Moines University, Des Moines, IA, USA
| | - Lisa Streyffeler
- Department of Behavioral Medicine, Medical Humanities, and Bioethics, Des Moines University, Des Moines, IA, USA
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2
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Sadasivam M, Jie C, Hamad ARA. Renal tubular epithelial cells are constitutive non-cognate stimulators of resident T cells. Cell Rep 2023; 42:113210. [PMID: 37796661 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.113210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Revised: 08/06/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Understanding the roles of different cell types in regulating T cell homeostasis in various tissues is critical for understanding adaptive immunity. Here, we show that RTECs (renal tubular epithelial cells) are intrinsically programmed to polyclonally stimulate proliferation of kidney αβ T cells by a cell-cell contact mechanism that is major histocompatibility complex (MHC) independent and regulated by CD155, αVβ3-integrin, and vitronectin. Peripheral CD4 and CD8 are resistant to RTEC-mediated stimulation, while the minor subset of double-negative (DN) T cells are responsive. This functional property of RTEC is discovered by using a coculture system that recapitulates spontaneous in vivo polyclonal proliferation of kidney T cells, which are mainly comprised of central memory T (TCM) and effector memory T (TEM) cells. This robust cell-intrinsic stimulatory role of RTECs could be underlying the steady-state spontaneous proliferation of kidney T cells. The results have conceptual implications for understanding roles of different cell types in regulating systemic and organ-specific T cell homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohanraj Sadasivam
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 720 Rutland Avenue, Ross 664G, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Chunfa Jie
- Department of Biochemistry and Nutrition, Des Moines University, 3200 Grand Avenue, Ryan Hall 230, Des Moines, IA 50266, USA
| | - Abdel Rahim A Hamad
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 720 Rutland Avenue, Ross 664G, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA; Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 720 Rutland Avenue, Ross 664G, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.
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3
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Wadhwani N, Nayak S, Wang Y, Hashizume R, Jie C, Mania-Farnell B, James CD, Xi G, Tomita T. WDR82-Mediated H3K4me3 Is Associated with Tumor Proliferation and Therapeutic Efficacy in Pediatric High-Grade Gliomas. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:3429. [PMID: 37444539 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15133429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2023] [Revised: 05/29/2023] [Accepted: 06/23/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Pediatric high-grade gliomas (pHGGs) are common malignant brain tumors without effective treatment and poor patient survival. Abnormal posttranslational modification at the histone H3 tail plays critical roles in tumor cell malignancy. We have previously shown that the trimethylation of lysine 4 at histone H3 (H3K4me3) plays a significant role in pediatric ependymoma malignancy and is associated with tumor therapeutic sensitivity. Here, we show that H3K4me3 and its methyltransferase WDR82 are elevated in pHGGs. A reduction in H3K4me3 by downregulating WDR82 decreases H3K4me3 promoter occupancy and the expression of genes associated with stem cell features, cell proliferation, the cell cycle, and DNA damage repair. A reduction in WDR82-mediated H3K4me3 increases the response of pediatric glioma cells to chemotherapy. These findings suggest that WDR82-mediated H3K4me3 is an important determinant of pediatric glioma malignancy and therapeutic response. This highlights the need for a more thorough understanding of the potential of WDR82 as an epigenetic target to increase therapeutic efficacy and improve the prognosis for children with malignant gliomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nitin Wadhwani
- Department of Pathology, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Sonali Nayak
- Division of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Yufen Wang
- Department of Radio-oncology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Rintaro Hashizume
- Department of Pediatrics, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Chunfa Jie
- Department of Biochemistry and Nutrition, Des Moines University Medicine and Health Sciences, Des Moines, IA 50312, USA
| | - Barbara Mania-Farnell
- Department of Biological Sciences, Purdue University Northwest, Hammond, IN 46323, USA
| | - Charles David James
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Guifa Xi
- Division of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Tadanori Tomita
- Division of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
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4
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Jie C, Ahmed R, Hamad ARA. Expression of unique gene signature distinguishes
TCRαβ
+/
BCR
+ dual expressers from
CD3
+
CD14
+
doublets. Cytometry A 2022; 101:283-289. [DOI: 10.1002/cyto.a.24542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2021] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chunfa Jie
- Department of Biochemistry and Nutrition Des Moines University College of Osteopathic Medicine Des Moines IA
| | - Rizwan Ahmed
- Department of Pathology Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine Baltimore MD
| | - Abdel Rahim A. Hamad
- Department of Pathology Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine Baltimore MD
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5
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Zhang W, Bhagwath AS, Ramzan Z, Williams TA, Subramaniyan I, Edpuganti V, Kallem RR, Dunbar KB, Ding P, Gong K, Geurkink SA, Beg MS, Kim J, Zhang Q, Habib AA, Choi SH, Lapsiwala R, Bhagwath G, Dowell JE, Melton SD, Jie C, Putnam WC, Pham TH, Wang DH. Itraconazole Exerts Its Antitumor Effect in Esophageal Cancer By Suppressing the HER2/AKT Signaling Pathway. Mol Cancer Ther 2021; 20:1904-1915. [PMID: 34376577 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-20-0638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2020] [Revised: 02/11/2021] [Accepted: 07/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Itraconazole, an FDA-approved antifungal, has antitumor activity against a variety of cancers. We sought to determine the effects of itraconazole on esophageal cancer and elucidate its mechanism of action. Itraconazole inhibited cell proliferation and induced G1-phase cell-cycle arrest in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma and adenocarcinoma cell lines. Using an unbiased kinase array, we found that itraconazole downregulated protein kinase AKT phosphorylation in OE33 esophageal adenocarcinoma cells. Itraconazole also decreased phosphorylation of downstream ribosomal protein S6, transcriptional expression of the upstream receptor tyrosine kinase HER2, and phosphorylation of upstream PI3K in esophageal cancer cells. Lapatinib, a tyrosine kinase inhibitor that targets HER2, and siRNA-mediated knockdown of HER2 similarly suppressed cancer cell growth in vitro. Itraconazole significantly inhibited growth of OE33-derived flank xenografts in mice with detectable levels of itraconazole and its primary metabolite, hydroxyitraconazole, in esophagi and tumors. HER2 total protein and phosphorylation of AKT and S6 proteins were decreased in xenografts from itraconazole-treated mice compared to xenografts from placebo-treated mice. In an early phase I clinical trial (NCT02749513) in patients with esophageal cancer, itraconazole decreased HER2 total protein expression and phosphorylation of AKT and S6 proteins in tumors. These data demonstrate that itraconazole has potent antitumor properties in esophageal cancer, partially through blockade of HER2/AKT signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zhang
- Esophageal Diseases Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas.,Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas.,Hamon Center for Therapeutic Oncology Research, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas.,Harold C. Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - Ankur S Bhagwath
- Esophageal Diseases Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas.,VA North Texas Health Care System, Dallas, Texas
| | - Zeeshan Ramzan
- Esophageal Diseases Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas.,VA North Texas Health Care System, Dallas, Texas.,Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas.,Department of Internal Medicine, TCU and University of North Texas Health Science Center School of Medicine and Texas Health Harris Methodist Hospital, Fort Worth, Texas
| | - Taylor A Williams
- Esophageal Diseases Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas.,Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - Indhumathy Subramaniyan
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Dallas, Texas.,Clinical Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics Center, Jerry H. Hodge School of Pharmacy, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - Vindhya Edpuganti
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Dallas, Texas.,Clinical Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics Center, Jerry H. Hodge School of Pharmacy, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - Raja Reddy Kallem
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Dallas, Texas.,Clinical Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics Center, Jerry H. Hodge School of Pharmacy, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - Kerry B Dunbar
- Esophageal Diseases Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas.,VA North Texas Health Care System, Dallas, Texas.,Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - Peiguo Ding
- Esophageal Diseases Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas.,Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - Ke Gong
- Department of Neurology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - Samuel A Geurkink
- Department of Internal Medicine, Methodist Dallas Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - Muhammad S Beg
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas.,Harold C. Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - James Kim
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas.,Hamon Center for Therapeutic Oncology Research, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas.,Harold C. Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - Qiuyang Zhang
- Department of Medicine, Center for Esophageal Diseases, Baylor University Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - Amyn A Habib
- Harold C. Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas.,VA North Texas Health Care System, Dallas, Texas.,Department of Neurology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - Sung-Hee Choi
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas.,VA North Texas Health Care System, Dallas, Texas
| | - Ritu Lapsiwala
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas.,VA North Texas Health Care System, Dallas, Texas
| | - Gayathri Bhagwath
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas.,VA North Texas Health Care System, Dallas, Texas
| | - Jonathan E Dowell
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas.,Harold C. Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas.,VA North Texas Health Care System, Dallas, Texas
| | - Shelby D Melton
- Esophageal Diseases Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas.,VA North Texas Health Care System, Dallas, Texas.,Department of Pathology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - Chunfa Jie
- Department of Biochemistry and Nutrition, Des Moines University, Des Moines, Iowa
| | - William C Putnam
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Dallas, Texas.,Clinical Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics Center, Jerry H. Hodge School of Pharmacy, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Dallas, Texas.,Department of Pharmaceutical Science, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - Thai H Pham
- Esophageal Diseases Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas.,VA North Texas Health Care System, Dallas, Texas.,Department of Surgery, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - David H Wang
- Esophageal Diseases Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas. .,Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas.,Hamon Center for Therapeutic Oncology Research, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas.,Harold C. Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas.,VA North Texas Health Care System, Dallas, Texas
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6
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Qiao A, Ma W, Deng J, Zhou J, Han C, Zhang E, Boriboun C, Xu S, Zhang C, Jie C, Kim JA, Habegger KM, Qiu H, Zhao TC, Zhang J, Qin G. Ablation of Sam68 in adult mice increases thermogenesis and energy expenditure. FASEB J 2021; 35:e21772. [PMID: 34252225 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202100021r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2021] [Revised: 05/27/2021] [Accepted: 06/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Genetic deletion of Src associated in mitosis of 68kDa (Sam68), a pleiotropic adaptor protein prevents high-fat diet-induced weight gain and insulin resistance. To clarify the role of Sam68 in energy metabolism in the adult stage, we generated an inducible Sam68 knockout mice. Knockout of Sam68 was induced at the age of 7-10 weeks, and then we examined the metabolic profiles of the mice. Sam68 knockout mice gained less body weight over time and at 34 or 36 weeks old, had smaller fat mass without changes in food intake and absorption efficiency. Deletion of Sam68 in mice elevated thermogenesis, increased energy expenditure, and attenuated core-temperature drop during acute cold exposure. Furthermore, we examined younger Sam68 knockout mice at 11 weeks old before their body weights deviate, and confirmed increased energy expenditure and thermogenic gene program. Thus, Sam68 is essential for the control of adipose thermogenesis and energy homeostasis in the adult.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aijun Qiao
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine and School of Engineering, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Wenxia Ma
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine and School of Engineering, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Jianxin Deng
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine and School of Engineering, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Junlan Zhou
- Feinberg Cardiovascular Research Institute, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Chaoshan Han
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine and School of Engineering, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Eric Zhang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine and School of Engineering, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Chan Boriboun
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine and School of Engineering, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Shiyue Xu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine and School of Engineering, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Chunxiang Zhang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine and School of Engineering, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Chunfa Jie
- Department of Biochemistry and Nutrition, Des Moines University College of Osteopathic Medicine, Des Moines, IA, USA
| | - Jeong-A Kim
- Department of Medicine-Endocrinology, Diabetes & Metabolism, Comprehensive Diabetes Center, School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Kirk M Habegger
- Department of Medicine-Endocrinology, Diabetes & Metabolism, Comprehensive Diabetes Center, School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Hongyu Qiu
- Center for Molecular and Translational Medicine, Institute of Biomedical Science, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Ting C Zhao
- Department of Surgery, Boston University Medical School, Roger Williams Medical Center, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Jianyi Zhang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine and School of Engineering, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Gangjian Qin
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine and School of Engineering, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA.,Feinberg Cardiovascular Research Institute, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
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7
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Ahmed R, Omidian Z, Giwa A, Ananth K, Karakus KE, Aljack M, Majety N, Yang A, Macdonald A, Tyagi S, Zhang H, Rabb H, Jie C, Donner T, Hamad A. Antigen receptor on a new lymphocyte represents a key immune player in autoimmune diseases. The Journal of Immunology 2021. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.206.supp.21.03] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/10/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
PURPOSE:
We have recently identified a previously unknown lymphocyte that is a dual expresser (DE) of productively rearranged and surface-expressed TCRαβ and BCR (surface immunoglobulin, Ig) (Ahmed et al, Cell, 2019: 177:11583). Importantly, a single immunoglobulin heavy-chain, IGHV clonotype (clone-x) predominates DEs that encodes a potent autoantigen (x-autoantigen) in its CDR3 region. The x-autoantigen (as a soluble intact x-mAb) cross-activate autoreactive T cells. The goal of this study is to investigate the properties of x-mAb reactive T cells and examining the mechanisms of how x-mAb recognizes and activates the tolerant autoreactive T cells in autoimmune diseases particularly in T1D.
METHODS:
We used EBV immortalized DE clone as a source of x-mAb and FACS-based protocols to identify x-mAb-responsive autoreactive T cells and their functional properties. ImmunoSEQ assay used to characterize TCR repertoires.
RESULTS:
Preliminary data show that x-mAb potentially binds and activates a subset of autoreactive T cells in T1D compared to HC subjects. Additionally, x-mAb-reactive T cells exhibits an activated and antigen experienced phenotype, including expression of CD45RO, CD44, and CD69. TCRVβ repertoire analysis shows that x-mAb reactive T cells are enriched for public clonally expanded TCRs in T1D patients. Further, x-mAb activates the autoreactive T cell through by crosslinking directly to their T cell receptor (TCR).
CONCLUSIONS:
DE cells in T1D patients secretes a public x-mAb that binds and activate specific subset of autoreactive T cells predominated by few clonotypes that express public TCRs. Our results are revealing previously unknown mechanism that appears to be a play critical role in pathogenesis of T1D.
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8
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Han D, Yang J, Zhang E, Liu Y, Boriboun C, Qiao A, Yu Y, Sun J, Xu S, Yang L, Yan W, Luo B, Lu D, Zhang C, Jie C, Mobley J, Zhang J, Qin G. Analysis of mesenchymal stem cell proteomes in situ in the ischemic heart. Am J Cancer Res 2020; 10:11324-11338. [PMID: 33042285 PMCID: PMC7532665 DOI: 10.7150/thno.47893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2020] [Accepted: 09/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Rationale: Cell therapy for myocardial infarction is promising but largely unsuccessful in part due to a lack of mechanistic understanding. Techniques enabling identification of stem cell-specific proteomes in situ in the injured heart may shed light on how the administered cells respond to the injured microenvironment and exert reparative effects. Objective: To identify the proteomes of the transplanted mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) in the infarcted myocardium, we sought to target a mutant methionyl-tRNA synthetase (MetRSL274G) in MSCs, which charges azidonorleucine (ANL), a methionine analogue and non-canonical amino acid, to tRNA and subsequently to nascent proteins, permitting isolation of ANL-labeled MSC proteomes from ischemic hearts by ANL-alkyne based click reaction. Methods and Results: Murine MSCs were transduced with lentivirus MetRSL274G and supplemented with ANL; the ANL-tagged nascent proteins were visualized by bio-orthogonal non-canonical amino-acid tagging, spanning all molecular weights and by fluorescent non-canonical amino-acid tagging, displaying strong fluorescent signal. Then, the MetRSL274G-transduced MSCs were administered to the infarcted or Sham heart in mice receiving ANL treatment. The MSC proteomes were isolated from the left ventricular protein lysates by click reaction at days 1, 3, and 7 after cell administration, identified by LC/MS. Among all identified proteins (in Sham and MI hearts, three time-points each), 648 were shared by all 6 groups, accounting for 82±5% of total proteins in each group, and enriched under mitochondrion, extracellular exosomes, oxidation-reduction process and poly(A) RNA binding. Notably, 26, 110 and 65 proteins were significantly up-regulated and 11, 28 and 19 proteins were down-regulated in the infarcted vs. Sham heart at the three time-points, respectively; these proteins are pronounced in the GO terms of extracellular matrix organization, response to stress and regulation of apoptotic process and in the KEGG pathways of complements and coagulation cascades, apoptosis, and regulators of actin cytoskeleton. Conclusions: MetRSL274G expression allows successful identification of MSC-specific nascent proteins in the infarcted hearts, which reflect the functional states, adaptive response, and reparative effects of MSCs that may be leveraged to improve cardiac repair.
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9
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Song N, Sengupta S, Khoruzhenko S, Welsh RA, Kim A, Kumar MR, Sønder SU, Sidhom JW, Zhang H, Jie C, Siliciano RF, Sadegh-Nasseri S. Multiple genetic programs contribute to CD4 T cell memory differentiation and longevity by maintaining T cell quiescence. Cell Immunol 2020; 357:104210. [PMID: 32987276 PMCID: PMC7737224 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellimm.2020.104210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2020] [Revised: 08/14/2020] [Accepted: 08/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
While memory T-cells represent a hallmark of adaptive immunity, little is known about the genetic mechanisms regulating the longevity of memory CD4 T cells. Here, we studied the dynamics of gene expression in antigen specific CD4 T cells during infection, memory differentiation, and long-term survival up to nearly a year in mice. We observed that differentiation into long lived memory cells is associated with increased expression of genes inhibiting cell proliferation and apoptosis as well as genes promoting DNA repair response, lipid metabolism, and insulin resistance. We identified several transmembrane proteins in long-lived murine memory CD4 T cells, which co-localized exclusively within the responding antigen-specific memory CD4 T cells in human. The unique gene signatures of long-lived memory CD4 T cells, along with the new markers that we have defined, will enable a deeper understanding of memory CD4 T cell biology and allow for designing novel vaccines and therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nianbin Song
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University, United States
| | - Srona Sengupta
- The Graduate Program in Immunology, USA; Medical Scientist Training Program, USA
| | - Stanislav Khoruzhenko
- MaxCyte, Inc., Gaithersburg, MD 20878, USA; Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University, United States
| | | | - AeRyon Kim
- The Graduate Program in Immunology, USA; Amgen, South San Francisco, CA, USA; Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University, United States
| | - Mithra R Kumar
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Søren Ulrik Sønder
- Amerimmune LLC, Fairfax, VA 22030, USA; Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University, United States
| | - John-William Sidhom
- Medical Scientist Training Program, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, and Bloomberg Kimmel Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, USA
| | - Hao Zhang
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Johns Hopkins University School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Chunfa Jie
- Des Moines University, Des Moines, IA 50312, USA
| | - Robert F Siliciano
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Baltimore, MD, USA; Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
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10
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Ahmed R, Omidian Z, Giwa A, Karakus KE, Majety N, Yang A, Zhang H, Rabb H, Jie C, Donner T, Hamad AR. A newly discovered dual expresser lymphocyte that clonally expanded in Type 1 diabetes (T1D) patients secretes a public antibody that recognize public TCR in T1D. The Journal of Immunology 2020. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.204.supp.142.10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
PURPOSE
We have recently discovered a new lymphocyte that co-express BCR and TCR (Ahmed et al, Cell, 2019: 177:11583) and referred as X cell to denote its crossover phenotype. Importantly, X cells express a public BCR that also encodes a potent autoantigen in its CDR3 sequence that is 10 fold more potent than native insulin peptide (InsB:9–23) in binding to DQ8 and activating autologous CD4 T cells. The x-autoantigen cross-activate insulin specific CD4 T cells as a peptide in the context of HLA-DQ8 molecules or as a soluble intact mAb (x-mAb). The goal of this study is to characterize autoreactive CD4 T cells that are responsive to x-mAb to determine their phenotype, cytokine profile and TCR repertoire and whether they express public TCRs.
METHODS
We used EBV-lymphoblastoid X cell clone as a source of x-mAb (IgM) and FACS based protocol to identify IgM reactive CD4 T cells (referred as IgMpos) and their functional properties. ImmunoSEQ assay used to characterize TCR repertoires.
RESULTS
Preliminary data show that frequency of IgMpos CD4 T cells is significantly higher in T1D as compared to Healthy subjects. In addition, IgMpos CD4 T cells exhibit an activated phenotype as compared to autologous IgMneg CD4 T cells, including expression of CD45RO, CD44, and CD69. Analysis of TCRVβ repertoire shows that IgMpos CD4 T cells are enriched for public clonally expanded TCRs as compared to IgMneg counterparts.
CONCLUSIONS
X cells in T1D patients are predominated by a single public BCR and that the secreted version of this BCR (x-mAb) is autoreactive against a specific subset of CD4 T cells that predominated by few clonotypes that express public TCRs. Our results are revealing previously unknown mechanism that appears to be a play critical role in pathogenesis of T1D.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Neha Majety
- 1Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine
| | - Angela Yang
- 1Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine
| | - Hao Zhang
- 1Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine
| | - Hamid Rabb
- 1Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine
| | - Chunfa Jie
- 2Department of Biochemistry and Nutrition, Des Moines University, Des Moines, IA 50312, United States
| | - Thomas Donner
- 3Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, United States
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11
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Ahmed R, Omidian Z, Giwa A, Cornwell B, Majety N, Bell DR, Lee S, Zhang H, Michels A, Desiderio S, Sadegh-Nasseri S, Rabb H, Gritsch S, Suva ML, Cahan P, Zhou R, Jie C, Donner T, Hamad ARA. A Public BCR Present in a Unique Dual-Receptor-Expressing Lymphocyte from Type 1 Diabetes Patients Encodes a Potent T Cell Autoantigen. Cell 2020; 177:1583-1599.e16. [PMID: 31150624 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2019.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2018] [Revised: 12/10/2018] [Accepted: 05/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
T and B cells are the two known lineages of adaptive immune cells. Here, we describe a previously unknown lymphocyte that is a dual expresser (DE) of TCR and BCR and key lineage markers of both B and T cells. In type 1 diabetes (T1D), DEs are predominated by one clonotype that encodes a potent CD4 T cell autoantigen in its antigen binding site. Molecular dynamics simulations revealed that this peptide has an optimal binding register for diabetogenic HLA-DQ8. In concordance, a synthetic version of the peptide forms stable DQ8 complexes and potently stimulates autoreactive CD4 T cells from T1D patients, but not healthy controls. Moreover, mAbs bearing this clonotype are autoreactive against CD4 T cells and inhibit insulin tetramer binding to CD4 T cells. Thus, compartmentalization of adaptive immune cells into T and B cells is not absolute, and violators of this paradigm are likely key drivers of autoimmune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rizwan Ahmed
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Zahra Omidian
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Adebola Giwa
- Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Benjamin Cornwell
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Neha Majety
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - David R Bell
- Computational Biology Center, IBM Thomas J. Watson Research Center, Yorktown Heights, NY 10598, USA
| | - Sangyun Lee
- Computational Biology Center, IBM Thomas J. Watson Research Center, Yorktown Heights, NY 10598, USA
| | - Hao Zhang
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Aaron Michels
- Barbara Davis Center for Diabetes, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Stephen Desiderio
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics and Institute for Cell Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | | | - Hamid Rabb
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Simon Gritsch
- Department of Pathology and Center for Cancer Research, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - Mario L Suva
- Department of Pathology and Center for Cancer Research, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02114, USA; Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Patrick Cahan
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics and Institute for Cell Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA; Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Ruhong Zhou
- Computational Biology Center, IBM Thomas J. Watson Research Center, Yorktown Heights, NY 10598, USA; Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA.
| | - Chunfa Jie
- Department of Biochemistry and Nutrition, Des Moines University, Des Moines, IA 50312, USA
| | - Thomas Donner
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Abdel Rahim A Hamad
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA; Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.
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12
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Zhang W, Williams TA, Bhagwath AS, Hiermann JS, Peacock CD, Watkins DN, Ding P, Park JY, Montgomery EA, Forastiere AA, Jie C, Cantarel BL, Pham TH, Wang DH. GEAMP, a novel gastroesophageal junction carcinoma cell line derived from a malignant pleural effusion. J Transl Med 2020; 100:16-26. [PMID: 31292541 PMCID: PMC6920545 DOI: 10.1038/s41374-019-0278-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2019] [Revised: 05/06/2019] [Accepted: 05/06/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Gastroesophageal junction (GEJ) cancer remains a clinically significant disease in Western countries due to its increasing incidence, which mirrors that of esophageal cancer, and poor prognosis. To develop novel and effective approaches for prevention, early detection, and treatment of patients with GEJ cancer, a better understanding of the mechanisms driving pathogenesis and malignant progression of this disease is required. These efforts have been limited by the small number of available cell lines and appropriate preclinical animal models for in vitro and in vivo studies. We have established and characterized a novel GEJ cancer cell line, GEAMP, derived from the malignant pleural effusion of a previously treated GEJ cancer patient. Comprehensive genetic analyses confirmed a clonal relationship between GEAMP cells and the primary tumor. Targeted next-generation sequencing identified 56 nonsynonymous alterations in 51 genes including TP53 and APC, which are commonly altered in GEJ cancer. In addition, multiple copy-number alterations were found including EGFR and K-RAS gene amplifications and loss of CDKN2A and CDKN2B. Histological examination of subcutaneous flank xenografts in nude and NOD-SCID mice showed a carcinoma with mixed squamous and glandular differentiation, suggesting GEAMP cells contain a subpopulation with multipotent potential. Finally, pharmacologic inhibition of the EGFR signaling pathway led to downregulation of key downstream kinases and inhibition of cell proliferation in vitro. Thus, GEAMP represents a valuable addition to the limited number of bona fide GEJ cancer cell lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zhang
- Esophageal Diseases Center and Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine and the Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Taylor A. Williams
- Esophageal Diseases Center and Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine and the Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Ankur S. Bhagwath
- Esophageal Diseases Center and Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine and the Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Jared S. Hiermann
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Craig D. Peacock
- Translational Hematology and Oncology Research, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - D. Neil Watkins
- The Kinghorn Cancer Centre, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, NSW, Australia
| | - Peiguo Ding
- Esophageal Diseases Center and Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine and the Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Jason Y. Park
- Department of Pathology and the Eugene McDermott Center for Human Growth and Development, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Elizabeth A. Montgomery
- Division of Gastrointestinal and Liver Pathology, Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Arlene A. Forastiere
- Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Chunfa Jie
- Department of Biochemistry and Nutrition, Des Moines University, Des Moines, IA, USA
| | - Brandi L. Cantarel
- Bioinformatics Core Facility, Lyda Hill Department of Bioinformatics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Thai H. Pham
- Esophageal Diseases Center and Department of Surgery, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA,VA North Texas Health Care System, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - David H. Wang
- Esophageal Diseases Center and Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine and the Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA,VA North Texas Health Care System, Dallas, TX, USA
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13
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Jiajun J, Yan W, Jing Z, Jie C, Baoyuan C. Rapid-eye-movement related obstructive sleep apnea-hypopnea syndrome: demographic, anthropometric and polysomnographic features. Sleep Med 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.sleep.2019.11.489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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14
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Shaw R, Baker E, Jie C, Adamian S, Andres S, Bachelor B, Hodges F, Mittra T, Viloria AR. Zika virus knowledge, contraception use, and lessons learned from a Dominican Republic pilot study. Int J Gynaecol Obstet 2019; 147:313-318. [PMID: 31479162 DOI: 10.1002/ijgo.12957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2019] [Revised: 06/13/2019] [Accepted: 08/30/2019] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess knowledge of the Zika virus (ZIKV), use of contraceptives, and sources of health information in rural communities in the Dominican Republic. METHODS Over 4 days in March 2017, a research team traveled to four rural communities in the Dominican Republic to provide healthcare services. Overall, 90 men and women consented to a voluntary verbal 12-question survey. RESULTS Of the participants, 55% were not certain whether ZIKV is transmitted sexually; 75% of participants were either not sure or thought ZIKV was not present in their community. Charlas (informal discussions led by community health workers) were cited as the most common source for public health information. Prevalence of contraceptive use was 26.6% hormonal and 1.1% long-acting reversible contraception (LARC); 30.0% cited no use of contraception. CONCLUSION Significant deficits in ZIKV knowledge, underutilization of LARCs, and socioeconomic factors exist that constrain the application of WHO recommendations for preventing ZIKV infection. Additional and more robust surveys are needed to assess public health education and interventions, critical for disease prevention in communities facing current and future epidemics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca Shaw
- Department of Specialty Medicine, Division of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Des Moines University, Des Moines, IA, USA
| | - Elizabeth Baker
- Department of Public Health, Des Moines University College of Health Sciences, Des Moines, IA, USA
| | - Chunfa Jie
- Office of Research, Des Moines University, Des Moines, IA, USA
| | - Shant Adamian
- Des Moines University College of Osteopathic Medicine, Des Moines, IA, USA
| | - Sarah Andres
- Des Moines University College of Osteopathic Medicine, Des Moines, IA, USA
| | - Brooke Bachelor
- Des Moines University College of Osteopathic Medicine, Des Moines, IA, USA
| | - Fiona Hodges
- Des Moines University College of Osteopathic Medicine, Des Moines, IA, USA
| | - Tricia Mittra
- Des Moines University College of Osteopathic Medicine, Des Moines, IA, USA
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15
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Harrison L, O'Connor E, Jie C, Benzoni T, Renner CH, McCracken R. Potentially inappropriate medication prescribing in the elderly: Is the Beers Criteria relevant in the Emergency Department today? Am J Emerg Med 2019; 37:1734-1737. [PMID: 31176576 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajem.2019.05.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2019] [Revised: 05/21/2019] [Accepted: 05/27/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
STUDY OBJECTIVE To investigate the frequency of Beers Criteria (BC) medication and opioid use in patients age 65 years and older arriving in the Emergency Department. METHODS We performed a retrospective observational study of a convenience sample of 400 patients, age 65 years and older, arriving to and discharged solely from the Emergency Department. We examined 400 sequential patient charts with visit dates April-July 2017, for the presence of a Beers Criteria medication or opioid prescription. We also examined each chart for nine specific chief complaints, including return visits and subsequent admissions. RESULTS Of the 400 patients included in this study, 304 patients (76%; 95% confidence interval [CI] 72% to 80%) had at least 1 prescription at the index ED visit for an "avoid" or "use with caution" Beers Criteria medication. Of these patients, 194 (64%; 95% CI 58% to 69%) had ≥2 Beers medication prescriptions and 122 patients (40%; 95% CI 35% to 46%) had ≥3 Beers medication prescriptions. We found no difference in the number of patients with a chief complaint of interest between the BC medication list (28%) and lacking a BC medication (29%) (p-value = 1). No patients returned in the next 7 days for a medication-related complaint. CONCLUSION The results of this study call into question the routine application of lists without high-quality evidence to critique the prescribing of certain medications. Further patient-oriented study of the relevance of the Beers Criteria list, especially in light of the changed face of medication profiles and populations, is called for.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lindsey Harrison
- UnityPoint Health, Office of Research, Des Moines, IA, United States of America.; Des Moines University College of Osteopathic Medicine, Des Moines, IA, United States of America..
| | - Emilie O'Connor
- UnityPoint Health, Office of Research, Des Moines, IA, United States of America.; Des Moines University College of Osteopathic Medicine, Des Moines, IA, United States of America
| | - Chunfa Jie
- Des Moines University College of Osteopathic Medicine, Des Moines, IA, United States of America
| | - Thomas Benzoni
- UnityPoint Health, Department of Emergency Medicine, Des Moines, IA, United States of America
| | | | - Ryan McCracken
- UnityPoint Health, Department of Emergency Medicine, Des Moines, IA, United States of America
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16
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Lewis R, Li YD, Hoffman L, Hashizume R, Gravohac G, Rice G, Wadhwani NR, Jie C, Pundy T, Mania-Farnell B, Mayanil CS, Soares MB, Lei T, James CD, Foreman NK, Tomita T, Xi G. Global Reduction of H3K4me3 Improves Chemotherapeutic Efficacy for Pediatric Ependymomas. Neoplasia 2019; 21:505-515. [PMID: 31005631 PMCID: PMC6477190 DOI: 10.1016/j.neo.2019.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2019] [Revised: 03/24/2019] [Accepted: 03/26/2019] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ependymomas (EPNs) are the third most common brain tumor in children. These tumors are resistant to available chemotherapeutic treatments, therefore new effective targeted therapeutics must be identified. Increasing evidence shows epigenetic alterations including histone posttranslational modifications (PTMs), are associated with malignancy, chemotherapeutic resistance and prognosis for pediatric EPNs. In this study we examined histone PTMs in EPNs and identified potential targets to improve chemotherapeutic efficacy. METHODS Global histone H3 lysine 4 trimethylation (H3K4me3) levels were detected in pediatric EPN tumor samples with immunohistochemistry and immunoblots. Candidate genes conferring therapeutic resistance were profiled in pediatric EPN tumor samples with micro-array. Promoter H3K4me3 was examined for two candidate genes, CCND1 and ERBB2, with chromatin-immunoprecipitation coupled with real-time PCR (ChIP-PCR). These methods and MTS assay were used to verify a relationship between H3K4me3 levels and CCND1 and ERBB2, and to investigate cell viability in response to chemotherapeutic drugs in primary cultured pediatric EPN cells. RESULTS H3K4me3 levels positively correlate with WHO grade malignancy in pediatric EPNs and are associated with progression free survival in patients with posterior fossa group A EPNs (PF-EPN-A). Reduction of H3K4me3 by silencing its methyltransferase SETD1A, in primary cultured EPN cells increased cell response to chemotherapy. CONCLUSIONS Our results support the development of a novel treatment that targets H3K4me3 to increase chemotherapeutic efficacy in pediatric PF-EPN-A tumors.
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Key Words
- epn, ependymoma
- ptm, posttranslational modification
- cns, central nervous system
- emem, eagle's minimum essential medium
- cimp+, cpg island methylator positive
- tss, transcription start site
- pfs, progression free survival
- vcr, vincristine
- cpl, carboplatin
- irb, institutional review board
- mts, 3-(4, 5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-5-(3-carboxymethoxyphenyl)-2-(4-sulfophenyl)-2h-tetrazolium
- ffpe, formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded
- chip-pcr, chromatin-immunoprecipitation coupled with real-time pcr
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca Lewis
- Falk Brain Tumor Center and Division of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Yuping D Li
- Falk Brain Tumor Center and Division of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Lindsey Hoffman
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO, USA,Morgan Adams Foundation Pediatric Brain Tumor Research Program, Children's Hospital Colorado, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Rintaro Hashizume
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Gordan Gravohac
- Falk Brain Tumor Center and Division of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Gavin Rice
- Department of Pathology, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Nitin R Wadhwani
- Department of Pathology, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Chunfa Jie
- Department of Biochemistry, Des Moines University, Des Moines, Iowa, USA
| | - Tatiana Pundy
- Falk Brain Tumor Center and Division of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | | | - Chandra S Mayanil
- Falk Brain Tumor Center and Division of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA,Department of Neurological Surgery, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA,Department of Development Biology, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Marcelo B Soares
- Cancer Biology and Epigenomics Program, Stanley Manne Children's Research Institute, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Ting Lei
- Department of Neurological Surgery of Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Charles D James
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Nicolas K Foreman
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO, USA,Morgan Adams Foundation Pediatric Brain Tumor Research Program, Children's Hospital Colorado, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Tadanori Tomita
- Falk Brain Tumor Center and Division of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA,Department of Neurological Surgery, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Guifa Xi
- Falk Brain Tumor Center and Division of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA; Department of Neurological Surgery, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA; Department of Development Biology, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA.
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17
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Rusling M, Johnson J, Shoskes A, Jie C, Yuan L. Human Resilience and the Gut Microbiome. FASEB J 2019. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.2019.33.1_supplement.724.7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Rusling
- Department of Physiology and PharmacologyDes Moines UniversityDes MoinesIA
- College of Osteopathic MedicineDes Moines UniversityDes MoinesIA
| | - Joseph Johnson
- Department of Physiology and PharmacologyDes Moines UniversityDes MoinesIA
| | - Aaron Shoskes
- Department of Physiology and PharmacologyDes Moines UniversityDes MoinesIA
| | - Chunfa Jie
- Department of Physiology and PharmacologyDes Moines UniversityDes MoinesIA
| | - Lilian Yuan
- Department of Physiology and PharmacologyDes Moines UniversityDes MoinesIA
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18
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XI G, Li Y, Hoffman L, Hashizume R, Lewis R, Gravohac G, Wadhwani N, Rice G, Jie C, Best B, Saratisis A, Alden T, Bowman R, DiPatri A, Mania-Farnell B, Soares M, James C, Foreman N, Tomita T. EPEN-30. HISTONE H3 LYSINE 4 TRIMETHYLATION IS A POTENTIAL TARGET TO IMPROVE CHEMOTHERAPEUTIC EFFICACY FOR PEDIATRIC PRIMARY EPENDYMOMAS. Neuro Oncol 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/noy059.230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Guifa XI
- Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children’s Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
- Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Yuping Li
- Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children’s Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | | | - Rintaro Hashizume
- Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Rebecca Lewis
- Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children’s Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | | | - Nitin Wadhwani
- Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children’s Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Gavin Rice
- Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children’s Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Chunfa Jie
- Des Moines University, Des Moines, IA, USA
| | - Bemjamin Best
- Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children’s Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Amanda Saratisis
- Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children’s Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
- Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Tord Alden
- Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children’s Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Robin Bowman
- Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children’s Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
- Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Arthur DiPatri
- Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children’s Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
- Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | | | - Marcelo Soares
- University of Illinois College of Medicine at Peoria, Peoria, IL, USA
| | - Charles James
- Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | | | - Tadanori Tomita
- Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children’s Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
- Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
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19
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Soni M, Patel Y, Markoutsa E, Jie C, Liu S, Xu P, Chen H. Autophagy, Cell Viability, and Chemoresistance Are Regulated By miR-489 in Breast Cancer. Mol Cancer Res 2018; 16:1348-1360. [PMID: 29784669 DOI: 10.1158/1541-7786.mcr-17-0634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2017] [Revised: 02/13/2018] [Accepted: 05/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
It is postulated that the complexity and heterogeneity in cancer may hinder most efforts that target a single pathway. Thus, discovery of novel therapeutic agents targeting multiple pathways, such as miRNAs, holds promise for future cancer therapy. One such miRNA, miR-489, is downregulated in a majority of breast cancer cells and several drug-resistant breast cancer cell lines, but its role and underlying mechanism for tumor suppression and drug resistance needs further investigation. The current study identifies autophagy as a novel pathway targeted by miR-489 and reports Unc-51 like autophagy activating kinase 1 (ULK1) and lysosomal protein transmembrane 4 beta (LAPTM4B) to be direct targets of miR-489. Furthermore, the data demonstrate autophagy inhibition and LAPTM4B downregulation as a major mechanism responsible for miR-489-mediated doxorubicin sensitization. Finally, miR-489 and LAPTM4B levels were inversely correlated in human tumor clinical specimens, and more importantly, miR-489 expression levels predict overall survival in patients with 8q22 amplification (the region in which LAPTM4B resides).Implications: These findings expand the understanding of miR-489-mediated tumor suppression and chemosensitization in and suggest a strategy for using miR-489 as a therapeutic sensitizer in a defined subgroup of resistant breast cancer patients. Mol Cancer Res; 16(9); 1348-60. ©2018 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mithil Soni
- Department of Biological Science, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina.,Center for Colon Cancer Research, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina
| | - Yogin Patel
- Department of Biological Science, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina.,Center for Colon Cancer Research, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina
| | - Eleni Markoutsa
- Department of Drug Discovery and Biomedical Sciences, South Carolina College of Pharmacy, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina
| | - Chunfa Jie
- Master of Science in Biomedical Sciences Program, Des Moines University, Des Moines, Iowa
| | - Shou Liu
- Department of Biological Science, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina.,Center for Colon Cancer Research, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina
| | - Peisheng Xu
- Department of Drug Discovery and Biomedical Sciences, South Carolina College of Pharmacy, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina
| | - Hexin Chen
- Department of Biological Science, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina. .,Center for Colon Cancer Research, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina
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20
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Liu S, Lee JS, Jie C, Park MH, Iwakura Y, Patel Y, Soni M, Reisman D, Chen H. HER2 Overexpression Triggers an IL1α Proinflammatory Circuit to Drive Tumorigenesis and Promote Chemotherapy Resistance. Cancer Res 2018; 78:2040-2051. [PMID: 29382706 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-17-2761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2017] [Revised: 11/14/2017] [Accepted: 01/26/2018] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Systemic inflammation in breast cancer correlates with poor prognosis, but the molecular underpinnings of this connection are not well understood. In this study, we explored the relationship between HER2 overexpression, inflammation, and expansion of the mammary stem/progenitor and cancer stem-like cell (CSC) population in breast cancer. HER2-positive epithelial cells initiated and sustained an inflammatory milieu needed to promote tumorigenesis. HER2 induced a feedforward activation loop of IL1α and IL6 that stimulated NFκB and STAT3 pathways for generation and maintenance of breast CSC. In mice, Il1a genetic deficiency delayed MMTV-Her2-induced tumorigenesis and reduced inflammatory cytokine expression as well as CSC in primary tumors. In clinical specimens of human breast tumor tissues, tissue microarray analysis revealed a strong positive correlation between IL1α/IL6 expression and CSC-positive phenotype. Pharmacologic blockade of IL1α signaling reduced the CSC population and improved chemotherapeutic efficacy. Our findings suggest new therapeutic or prevention strategies for HER2-positive breast cancers.Significance: IL1α signaling driven by HER2 promotes chronic inflammation needed to support cancer stem-like cell maintenance in HER2-positive breast cancers. Cancer Res; 78(8); 2040-51. ©2018 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shou Liu
- Department of Biological Science, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina.,Center for Colon Cancer Research, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina
| | - Ji Shin Lee
- Department of Pathology, Chonnam National University Hwasun Hospital, Jeonnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Chunfa Jie
- Master of Science in Biomedical Sciences Program, Des Moines University, Des Moines, Iowa
| | - Min Ho Park
- Department of Surgery, Chonnam National University Hwasun Hospital, Jeonnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoichiro Iwakura
- Research Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, Noda, Chiba, Japan
| | - Yogin Patel
- Department of Biological Science, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina.,Center for Colon Cancer Research, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina
| | - Mithil Soni
- Department of Biological Science, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina.,Center for Colon Cancer Research, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina
| | - David Reisman
- Department of Biological Science, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina.,Center for Colon Cancer Research, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina
| | - Hexin Chen
- Department of Biological Science, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina. .,Center for Colon Cancer Research, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina
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21
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Patel Y, Shah N, Lee JS, Markoutsa E, Jie C, Liu S, Botbyl R, Reisman D, Xu P, Chen H. A novel double-negative feedback loop between miR-489 and the HER2-SHP2-MAPK signaling axis regulates breast cancer cell proliferation and tumor growth. Oncotarget 2017; 7:18295-308. [PMID: 26918448 PMCID: PMC4951289 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.7577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2015] [Accepted: 02/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2 or ErBb2) is a receptor tyrosine kinase overexpressed in 20-30% of breast cancers and associated with poor prognosis and outcome. Dysregulation of several microRNAs (miRNAs) plays a key role in breast cancer progression and metastasis. In this study, we screened and identified miRNAs dysregualted in HER2-positive breast cancer cells. Our molecular study demonstrated that miR-489 was specifically downregulated by the HER2-downstream signaling, especially through the MAPK pathway. Restoration or overexpression of miR-489 in HER2-positive breast cancer cells significantly inhibited cell growth in vitro and decreased the tumorigenecity and tumor growth in xenograft mice. Mechanistically, we found that overexpression of miR-489 led to the decreased levels of HER2 and SHP2 and thus attenuated HER2-downstream signaling. Furthermore, we for the first time demonstrated that HER2 is a direct target of miR-489 and therefore HER2-SHP2-MAPK and miR-489 signaling pathways form a mutually inhibitory loop. Using quantitative real-time PCR analysis and Fluorescent in situ hybridization technique (FISH), we found that miR-489 was expressed at significantly lower level in tumor tissues compared to the adjacent normal tissues. Downregulation of miR-489 in breast cancers was associated with aggressive tumor phenotypes. Overall, our results define a double-negative feedback loop involving miR-489 and the HER2-SHP2-MAPK signaling axis that can regulate breast cancer cell proliferation and tumor progression and might have therapeutic relevance for HER2-positive breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yogin Patel
- Department of Biological Science, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA.,Center for Colon Cancer Research, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA
| | - Nirav Shah
- Department of Biological Science, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA.,Center for Colon Cancer Research, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA
| | - Ji Shin Lee
- Department of Surgery, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Eleni Markoutsa
- Department of Drug Discovery and Biomedical Sciences, South Carolina College of Pharmacy, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA
| | - Chunfa Jie
- Master of Science in Biomedical Sciences Program, Des Moines University, Des Moines, IA, USA
| | - Shou Liu
- Department of Biological Science, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA.,Center for Colon Cancer Research, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA
| | - Rachel Botbyl
- Department of Biological Science, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA.,Center for Colon Cancer Research, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA
| | - David Reisman
- Department of Biological Science, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA.,Center for Colon Cancer Research, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA
| | - Peisheng Xu
- Department of Drug Discovery and Biomedical Sciences, South Carolina College of Pharmacy, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA
| | - Hexin Chen
- Department of Biological Science, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA.,Center for Colon Cancer Research, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA
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22
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Wan X, Luo MX, Jie C, Wu T, Yu GY. Edaravone Protects against Vascular Oxidative Damage Induced by AAPH in Chick Embryo. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.17352/ijpsdr.000007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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23
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Levitsky J, Kaneku H, Jie C, Walsh RC, Abecassis M, Tambur AR. Donor-Specific HLA Antibodies in Living Versus Deceased Donor Liver Transplant Recipients. Am J Transplant 2016; 16:2437-44. [PMID: 26896194 DOI: 10.1111/ajt.13757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2015] [Revised: 02/11/2016] [Accepted: 02/13/2016] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
With less ischemia, improved donor selection and controlled procedures, living donor liver transplantation (LDLT) might lead to less HLA donor-specific antibody (DSA) formation or fewer adverse outcomes than deceased donor liver transplantation (DDLT). Using the multicenter A2ALL (Adult-to-Adult Living Donor Liver Transplantation Cohort Study) biorepository, we compared the incidence and outcomes of preformed and de novo DSAs between LDLT and DDLT. In total, 129 LDLT and 66 DDLT recipients were identified as having serial samples. The prevalence of preformed and de novo DSAs was not different between DDLT and LDLT recipients (p = 0.93). There was no association between patient survival and the timing (preformed vs. de novo), class (I vs. II) and relative levels of DSA between the groups; however, preformed DSA was associated with higher graft failure only in DDLT recipients (p = 0.01). De novo DSA was associated with graft failure regardless of liver transplant type (p = 0.005) but with rejection only in DDLT (p = 0.0001). On multivariate analysis, DSA was an independent risk factor for graft failure regardless of liver transplant type (p = 0.017, preformed; p = 0.002, de novo). In conclusion, although similar in prevalence, DSA may have more impact in DDLT than LDLT recipients. Although our findings need further validation, future research should more robustly test the effect of donor type and strategies to mitigate the impact of DSA.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Levitsky
- Comprehensive Transplant Center, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL.,Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL
| | - H Kaneku
- UCLA Paul Terasaki Institute, Los Angeles, CA
| | - C Jie
- Comprehensive Transplant Center, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL
| | - R C Walsh
- Comprehensive Transplant Center, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL
| | - M Abecassis
- Comprehensive Transplant Center, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL
| | - A R Tambur
- Comprehensive Transplant Center, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL
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24
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Hulsebus HJ, O'Conner SD, Smith EM, Jie C, Bohlson SS. Complement Component C1q Programs a Pro-Efferocytic Phenotype while Limiting TNFα Production in Primary Mouse and Human Macrophages. Front Immunol 2016; 7:230. [PMID: 27379094 PMCID: PMC4908142 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2016.00230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2015] [Accepted: 05/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Deficiency in complement component C1q is associated with an inability to clear apoptotic cells (efferocytosis) and aberrant inflammation in lupus, and identification of the pathways involved in these processes should reveal important regulatory mechanisms in lupus and other autoimmune or inflammatory diseases. In this study, C1q-dependent regulation of TNFα/IL-6 expression and efferocytosis was investigated using primary mouse bone marrow-derived macrophages and human monocyte-derived macrophages. C1q downregulated LPS-dependent TNFα production in mouse and human macrophages. While prolonged stimulation with C1q (18 h) was required to elicit a dampening of TNFα production from mouse macrophages, the human macrophages responded to C1q with immediate downregulation of TNFα. IL-6 production was unchanged in mouse and upregulated by human macrophages following prolonged stimulation with C1q. Our previous studies indicated that C1q programmed enhanced efferocytosis in mouse macrophages by enhancing expression of Mer tyrosine kinase and its ligand Gas6, a receptor–ligand pair that also inhibits proinflammatory signaling. Here, we demonstrated that C1q-dependent programming of human macrophage efferocytosis required protein synthesis; however, neither Mer nor the related receptor Axl was upregulated in human cells. In addition, while the C1q-collagen-like tails are sufficient for promoting C1q-dependent phagocytosis of antibody-coated targets, the C1q-tails failed to program enhanced efferocytosis or dampen TNFα production. These data further elucidate the mechanisms by which C1q regulates proinflammatory signaling and efferocytosis in macrophages, functions that are likely to influence the progression of autoimmunity and chronic inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Holly J Hulsebus
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Des Moines University , Des Moines, IA , USA
| | - Sean D O'Conner
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Des Moines University , Des Moines, IA , USA
| | - Emily M Smith
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Des Moines University , Des Moines, IA , USA
| | - Chunfa Jie
- Office of Research, Des Moines University , Des Moines, IA , USA
| | - Suzanne S Bohlson
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Des Moines University , Des Moines, IA , USA
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25
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Zhang W, Hong S, Maniar KP, Cheng S, Jie C, Rademaker AW, Krensky AM, Clayberger C. KLF13 regulates the differentiation-dependent human papillomavirus life cycle in keratinocytes through STAT5 and IL-8. Oncogene 2016; 35:5565-5575. [PMID: 27041562 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2016.97] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2015] [Revised: 01/04/2016] [Accepted: 01/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
High-risk strains of human papillomavirus (HPV) are the causative agents of cervical and anogenital cancers and are associated with 5% of all human cancers. Although prophylactic vaccines targeting a subset of HPV types are available, they are ineffective in HPV-infected individuals. Elucidation of the mechanisms controlling HPV replication may allow development of novel anti-HPV therapeutics. Infectious HPV virions are produced during terminal differentiation of host cells. The process of viral maturation requires synergistic interactions between viral and cellular proteins that leads to amplification of the viral genome and expression of late viral genes. Here we show that the transcription factor Kruppel-like factor 13 (KLF13) has a critical role in the HPV life cycle. KLF13 is overexpressed in HPV-positive keratinocytes and cervical cancer cell lines. Expression of KLF13 in normal cervical epithelium is low but increases significantly in cervical intraepithelial neoplasia and invasive squamous cervical cancer. After HPV infection, the E7 protein suppresses ubiquitin ligase FBW7 expression leading to an increase in KLF13 expression. Reduction of KLF13 with short hairpin RNA in differentiating HPV-positive cells resulted in diminished levels of viral gene expression and genome amplification. Knockdown of KLF13 also reduced the level of the transcription factor signal transducer and activator of transcription 5, which led to the downregulation of the ataxia-telangiectasia mutated DNA damage pathway and the chemokine interleukin-8 (IL-8). In addition, neutralization of IL-8 diminished viral genome amplification in differentiating HPV-positive cells. Thus, KLF13 is critical for the activation of the HPV productive life cycle and is likely involved in initiation and progression of cervical cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Zhang
- Department of Microbiology-Immunology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - S Hong
- Department of Microbiology-Immunology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - K P Maniar
- Department of Pathology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - S Cheng
- Department of Microbiology-Immunology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - C Jie
- Department of Research Biostatistics, Des Moines University, Des Moines, IA, USA
| | - A W Rademaker
- Department of Preventive Medicine and the Robert H Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - A M Krensky
- Department of Microbiology-Immunology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - C Clayberger
- Department of Microbiology-Immunology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
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26
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Liu XF, Jie C, Zhang Z, Yan S, Wang JJ, Wang X, Kurian S, Salomon DR, Abecassis M, Hummel M. Transplant-induced reactivation of murine cytomegalovirus immediate early gene expression is associated with recruitment of NF-κB and AP-1 to the major immediate early promoter. J Gen Virol 2016; 97:941-954. [PMID: 26795571 DOI: 10.1099/jgv.0.000407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Reactivation of latent human cytomegalovirus is a significant infectious complication of organ transplantation and current therapies target viral replication once reactivation of latent virus has already occurred. The specific molecular pathways that activate viral gene expression in response to transplantation are not well understood. Our studies aim to identify these factors, with the goal of developing novel therapies that prevent transcriptional reactivation in transplant recipients. Murine cytomegalovirus (MCMV) is a valuable model for studying latency and reactivation of CMV in vivo. We previously demonstrated that transplantation of MCMV-latently infected kidneys into allogeneic recipients induces reactivation of immediate early (IE) gene expression and epigenetic reprogramming of the major immediate early promoter (MIEP) within 48 h. We hypothesize that these events are mediated by activation of signalling pathways that lead to binding of transcription factors to the MIEP, including AP-1 and NF-κB. Here we show that transplantation induces rapid activation of several members of the AP-1 and NF-κB transcription factor family and we demonstrate that canonical NF-κB (p65/p50), the junD component of AP-1, and nucleosome remodelling complexes are recruited to the MIEP following transplantation. Proteomic analysis of recipient plasma and transcriptome analysis of kidney RNA identified five extracellular ligands, including TNF, IL-1β, IL-18, CD40L and IL-6, and three intracellular signalling pathways associated with reactivation of IE gene expression. Identification of the factors that mediate activation of these signalling pathways may eventually lead to new therapies to prevent reactivation of CMV and its sequelae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue-Feng Liu
- Comprehensive Transplant Center, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Chunfa Jie
- Comprehensive Transplant Center, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Zheng Zhang
- Comprehensive Transplant Center, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Shixian Yan
- Comprehensive Transplant Center, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Jiao-Jing Wang
- Comprehensive Transplant Center, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Xueqiong Wang
- Comprehensive Transplant Center, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Sunil Kurian
- Department of Molecular and Experimental Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, LaJolla, CA, USA
| | - Daniel R Salomon
- Department of Molecular and Experimental Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, LaJolla, CA, USA
| | - Michael Abecassis
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
- Comprehensive Transplant Center, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Mary Hummel
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
- Comprehensive Transplant Center, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
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27
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Leventhal J, Mathew J, Salomon D, Kurian S, Friedewald J, Gallon L, Konieczna I, Tambur A, charette J, Levitsky J, Jie C, Kanwar YS, Abecassis MM, Miller J. Nonchimeric HLA-Identical Renal Transplant Tolerance: Regulatory Immunophenotypic/Genomic Biomarkers. Am J Transplant 2016; 16:221-34. [PMID: 26227106 PMCID: PMC4718825 DOI: 10.1111/ajt.13416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2015] [Revised: 05/14/2015] [Accepted: 06/02/2015] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
We previously described early results of a nonchimeric operational tolerance protocol in human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-identical living donor renal transplants and now update these results. Recipients given alemtuzumab, tacrolimus/MPA with early sirolimus conversion were multiply infused with donor hematopoietic CD34(+) stem cells. Immunosuppression was withdrawn by 24 months. Twelve months later, operational tolerance was confirmed by rejection-free transplant biopsies. Five of the first eight enrollees were initially tolerant 1 year off immunosuppression. Biopsies of three others after total withdrawal showed Banff 1A acute cellular rejection without renal dysfunction. With longer follow-up including 5-year posttransplant biopsies, four of the five tolerant recipients remain without rejection while one developed Banff 1A without renal dysfunction. We now add seven new subjects (two operationally tolerant), and demonstrate time-dependent increases of circulating CD4(+) CD25(+++) CD127(-) FOXP3(+) Tregs versus losses of Tregs in nontolerant subjects (p < 0.001). Gene expression signatures, developed using global RNA expression profiling of sequential whole blood and protocol biopsy samples, were highly associative with operational tolerance as early as 1 year posttransplant. The blood signature was validated by an external Immune Tolerance Network data set. Our approach to nonchimeric operational HLA-identical tolerance reveals association with Treg immunophenotypes and serial gene expression profiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- J.R. Leventhal
- Comprehensive Transplant Center; Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, U.S.A,Department of Surgery- Transplantation; Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, U.S.A
| | - J.M. Mathew
- Comprehensive Transplant Center; Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, U.S.A,Department of Surgery- Transplantation; Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, U.S.A,Department of Microbiology-Immunology; Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, U.S.A
| | - D.R. Salomon
- Department of Molecular and Experimental Medicine; The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California, U.S.A
| | - S.M. Kurian
- Department of Molecular and Experimental Medicine; The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California, U.S.A
| | - J.J. Friedewald
- Comprehensive Transplant Center; Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, U.S.A,Department of Medicine-Nephrology; Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, U.S.A
| | - L. Gallon
- Comprehensive Transplant Center; Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, U.S.A,Department of Medicine-Nephrology; Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, U.S.A
| | - I. Konieczna
- Comprehensive Transplant Center; Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, U.S.A
| | - A.R. Tambur
- Comprehensive Transplant Center; Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, U.S.A,Department of Surgery- Transplantation; Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, U.S.A
| | - j. charette
- Comprehensive Transplant Center; Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, U.S.A,Department of Surgery- Transplantation; Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, U.S.A
| | - J. Levitsky
- Comprehensive Transplant Center; Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, U.S.A,Department of Medicine-Hepatology; Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, U.S.A
| | - C. Jie
- Comprehensive Transplant Center; Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, U.S.A
| | - Y. S. Kanwar
- Department of Pathology; Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, U.S.A
| | - M. M. Abecassis
- Comprehensive Transplant Center; Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, U.S.A,Department of Surgery- Transplantation; Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, U.S.A,Department of Microbiology-Immunology; Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, U.S.A
| | - J. Miller
- Comprehensive Transplant Center; Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, U.S.A,Department of Surgery- Transplantation; Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, U.S.A
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28
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Dai H, Rahman A, Saxena A, Jaiswal AK, Mohamood A, Ramirez L, Noel S, Rabb H, Jie C, Hamad ARA. Syndecan-1 identifies and controls the frequency of IL-17-producing naïve natural killer T (NKT17) cells in mice. Eur J Immunol 2015; 45:3045-51. [PMID: 26300525 DOI: 10.1002/eji.201545532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2015] [Revised: 07/21/2015] [Accepted: 08/19/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Invariant natural killer T (iNKT) cells recognize glycolipids as antigens and diversify into NKT1 (IFN-γ), NKT2 (IL-4), and NKT17 (IL-17) functional subsets while developing in the thymus. Mechanisms that govern the balance between these functional subsets are poorly understood due, partly, to the lack of distinguishing surface markers. Here we identify the heparan sulfate proteoglycan syndecan-1 (sdc1) as a specific marker of naïve thymic NKT17 cells in mice and show that sdc1 deficiency significantly increases thymic NKT17 cells at the expense of NKT1 cells, leading to impaired iNKT cell-derived IFN-γ, both in vitro and in vivo. Using surface expression of sdc1 to identify NKT17 cells, we confirm differential tissue localization and interstrain variability of NKT17 cells, and reveal that NKT17 cells express high levels of TCR-β, preferentially use Vβ8, and are more highly sensitive to ɑ-GalCer than to CD3/CD28 stimulation. These findings provide a novel, noninvasive, simple method for identification, and viable sorting of naïve NKT17 cells from unmanipulated mice, and suggest that sdc1 expression negatively regulates homeostasis in iNKT cells. In addition, these findings lay the groundwork for investigating the mechanisms by which sdc1 regulates NKT17 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Dai
- Department of Pathology, Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Ayesha Rahman
- Department of Pathology, Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Ankit Saxena
- Department of Pathology, Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Anil K Jaiswal
- Department of Pathology, Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Abdiaziz Mohamood
- Department of Pathology, Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Lourdes Ramirez
- Department of Pathology, Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Sanjeev Noel
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Hamid Rabb
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Chunfa Jie
- Department of Surgery, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, USA
| | - Abdel Rahim A Hamad
- Department of Pathology, Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
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29
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Martina MN, Noel S, Saxena A, Bandapalle S, Majithia R, Jie C, Arend LJ, Allaf ME, Rabb H, Hamad ARA. Double-Negative αβ T Cells Are Early Responders to AKI and Are Found in Human Kidney. J Am Soc Nephrol 2015; 27:1113-23. [PMID: 26315532 DOI: 10.1681/asn.2014121214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2014] [Accepted: 07/15/2015] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI) is a major cause of AKI, and previous studies established important roles for conventional CD4(+) T cells, natural killer T cells, and CD4(+)CD25(+)FoxP3(+) Tregs in AKI pathogenesis. We recently identified CD4(-)CD8(-) (double-negative; DN) T cells as an important subset of αβ T cell receptor-positive cells residing in mouse kidney. However, little is known about the pathophysiologic functions of kidney DN T cells. In this study, we phenotypically and functionally characterized murine kidney DN T cells in the steady state and in response to IRI. Unlike CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells, DN T cells in the steady state expressed high levels of CD69, CD28, and CD40L; differentially expressed IL-27 and IL-10 anti-inflammatory cytokines; spontaneously proliferated at a very high rate; and suppressed in vitro proliferation of activated CD4(+) T cells. Within the first 3-24 hours after IRI, kidney DN T cells expanded significantly and upregulated expression of IL-10. In adoptive transfer experiments, DN T cells significantly protected recipients from AKI by an IL-10-dependent mechanism. DN T cells also made up a large fraction of the T cell compartment in human kidneys. Our results indicate that DN T cells are an important subset of the resident αβ(+) T cell population in the mammalian kidney and are early responders to AKI that have anti-inflammatory properties.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Chunfa Jie
- Department of Surgery, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
| | | | - Mohamad E Allaf
- Department of Urology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, and
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30
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Saleiro D, Mehrotra S, Kroczynska B, Beauchamp EM, Lisowski P, Majchrzak-Kita B, Bhagat TD, Stein BL, McMahon B, Altman JK, Kosciuczuk EM, Baker DP, Jie C, Jafari N, Thompson CB, Levine RL, Fish EN, Verma AK, Platanias LC. Central role of ULK1 in type I interferon signaling. Cell Rep 2015; 11:605-17. [PMID: 25892232 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2015.03.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2014] [Revised: 02/16/2015] [Accepted: 03/25/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
We provide evidence that the Unc-51-like kinase 1 (ULK1) is activated during engagement of the type I interferon (IFN) receptor (IFNR). Our studies demonstrate that the function of ULK1 is required for gene transcription mediated via IFN-stimulated response elements (ISRE) and IFNγ activation site (GAS) elements and controls expression of key IFN-stimulated genes (ISGs). We identify ULK1 as an upstream regulator of p38α mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and establish that the regulatory effects of ULK1 on ISG expression are mediated possibly by engagement of the p38 MAPK pathway. Importantly, we demonstrate that ULK1 is essential for antiproliferative responses and type I IFN-induced antineoplastic effects against malignant erythroid precursors from patients with myeloproliferative neoplasms. Together, these data reveal a role for ULK1 as a key mediator of type I IFNR-generated signals that control gene transcription and induction of antineoplastic responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Saleiro
- Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center and Division of Hematology-Oncology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Swarna Mehrotra
- Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center and Division of Hematology-Oncology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Barbara Kroczynska
- Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center and Division of Hematology-Oncology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Elspeth M Beauchamp
- Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center and Division of Hematology-Oncology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA; Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Jesse Brown Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Pawel Lisowski
- Department of Molecular Biology, Institute of Genetics and Animal Breeding, 05-552 Jastrzebiec n/Warsaw, Poland; iPS Cell-Based Disease Modeling Group, Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine (MDC) in the Helmholtz Association, 13092 Berlin, Germany
| | - Beata Majchrzak-Kita
- Toronto General Research Institute, University Health Network and Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 2M1, Canada
| | - Tushar D Bhagat
- Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Brady L Stein
- Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center and Division of Hematology-Oncology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Brandon McMahon
- Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center and Division of Hematology-Oncology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Jessica K Altman
- Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center and Division of Hematology-Oncology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA; Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Jesse Brown Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Ewa M Kosciuczuk
- Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center and Division of Hematology-Oncology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Darren P Baker
- Biogen Idec Inc., 14 Cambridge Center, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Chunfa Jie
- Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center and Division of Hematology-Oncology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Nadereh Jafari
- Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center and Division of Hematology-Oncology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Craig B Thompson
- Cancer Biology and Genetics Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Ross L Levine
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, and Leukemia Service, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center; and Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Eleanor N Fish
- Toronto General Research Institute, University Health Network and Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 2M1, Canada
| | - Amit K Verma
- Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Leonidas C Platanias
- Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center and Division of Hematology-Oncology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA; Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Jesse Brown Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60612, USA.
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Lerret NM, Li T, Wang JJ, Kang HK, Wang S, Wang X, Jie C, Kanwar YS, Abecassis MM, Luo X, Zhang Z. Recipient Myd88 Deficiency Promotes Spontaneous Resolution of Kidney Allograft Rejection. J Am Soc Nephrol 2015; 26:2753-64. [PMID: 25788530 DOI: 10.1681/asn.2014080813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2014] [Accepted: 01/12/2015] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
The myeloid differentiation protein 88 (MyD88) adapter protein is an important mediator of kidney allograft rejection, yet the precise role of MyD88 signaling in directing the host immune response toward the development of kidney allograft rejection remains unclear. Using a stringent mouse model of allogeneic kidney transplantation, we demonstrated that acute allograft rejection occurred equally in MyD88-sufficient (wild-type [WT]) and MyD88(-/-) recipients. However, MyD88 deficiency resulted in spontaneous diminution of graft infiltrating effector cells, including CD11b(-)Gr-1(+) cells and activated CD8 T cells, as well as subsequent restoration of near-normal renal graft function, leading to long-term kidney allograft acceptance. Compared with T cells from WT recipients, T cells from MyD88(-/-) recipients failed to mount a robust recall response upon donor antigen restimulation in mixed lymphocyte cultures ex vivo. Notably, exogenous IL-6 restored the proliferation rate of T cells, particularly CD8 T cells, from MyD88(-/-) recipients to the proliferation rate of cells from WT recipients. Furthermore, MyD88(-/-) T cells exhibited diminished expression of chemokine receptors, specifically CCR4 and CXCR3, and the impaired ability to accumulate in the kidney allografts despite an otherwise MyD88-sufficient environment. These results provide a mechanism linking the lack of intrinsic MyD88 signaling in T cells to the effective control of the rejection response that results in spontaneous resolution of acute rejection and long-term graft protection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadine M Lerret
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine
| | - Ting Li
- Comprehensive Transplant Center
| | | | - Hee-Kap Kang
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine
| | | | | | | | - Yashpal S Kanwar
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Comprehensive Transplant Center, Department of Pathology
| | - Michael M Abecassis
- Comprehensive Transplant Center, Department of Surgery, and Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Xunrong Luo
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Comprehensive Transplant Center, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Zheng Zhang
- Comprehensive Transplant Center, Department of Surgery, and
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Liu S, Jin K, Hui Y, Fu J, Jie C, Feng S, Reisman D, Wang Q, Fan D, Sukumar S, Chen H. HOXB7 promotes malignant progression by activating the TGFβ signaling pathway. Cancer Res 2014; 75:709-19. [PMID: 25542862 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-14-3100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Overexpression of HOXB7 in breast cancer cells induces an epithelial-mesenchymal transition and promotes tumor progression and lung metastasis. However, the underlying mechanisms for HOXB7-induced aggressive phenotypes in breast cancer remain largely unknown. Here, we report that phosphorylation of SMAD3 was detected in a higher percentage in primary mammary tumor tissues from double-transgenic MMTV-Hoxb7/Her2 mice than tumors from single-transgenic Her2/neu mice, suggesting activation of TGFβ/SMAD3 signaling by HOXB7 in breast tumor tissues. As predicted, TGFβ2 was high in four MMTV-Hoxb7/Her2 transgenic mouse tumor cell lines and two breast cancer cell lines transfected with HOXB7, whereas TGFβ2 was low in HOXB7-depleted cells. HOXB7 directly bound to and activated the TGFβ2 promoter in luciferase and chromatin immunoprecipitation assays. Increased migration and invasion as a result of HOXB7 overexpression in breast cancer cells were reversed by knockdown of TGFβ2 or pharmacologic inhibition of TGFβ signaling. Furthermore, knockdown of TGFβ2 in HOXB7-overexpressing MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells dramatically inhibited metastasis to the lung. Interestingly, HOXB7 overexpression also induced tumor-associated macrophage (TAM) recruitment and acquisition of an M2 tumor-promoting phenotype. TGFβ2 mediated HOXB7-induced activation of macrophages, suggesting that TAMs may contribute to HOXB7-promoted tumor metastasis. Providing clinical relevance to these findings, by real-time PCR analysis, there was a strong correlation between HOXB7 and TGFβ2 expression in primary breast carcinomas. Taken together, our results suggest that HOXB7 promotes tumor progression in a cell-autonomous and non-cell-autonomous manner through activation of the TGFβ signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shou Liu
- Department of Biological Science, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina. Center for Colon Cancer Research, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina
| | - Kideok Jin
- Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Yvonne Hui
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, University of South Carolina School of Medicine, Columbia, South Carolina
| | - Jie Fu
- Department of Biological Science, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina. Center for Colon Cancer Research, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina
| | - Chunfa Jie
- Department of Surgery, Transplant Surgery Division, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Sheng Feng
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina
| | - David Reisman
- Department of Biological Science, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina. Center for Colon Cancer Research, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina
| | - Qian Wang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina
| | - Daping Fan
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, University of South Carolina School of Medicine, Columbia, South Carolina
| | - Saraswati Sukumar
- Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland.
| | - Hexin Chen
- Department of Biological Science, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina. Center for Colon Cancer Research, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina.
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Levitsky J, Baker TB, Jie C, Ahya S, Levin M, Friedewald J, Al-Saden P, Salomon DR, Abecassis MM. Plasma protein biomarkers enhance the clinical prediction of kidney injury recovery in patients undergoing liver transplantation. Hepatology 2014; 60:2017-26. [PMID: 25078558 DOI: 10.1002/hep.27346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2014] [Accepted: 07/28/2014] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Biomarkers predictive of recovery from acute kidney injury (AKI) after liver transplantation (LT) could enhance decision algorithms regarding the need for liver-kidney transplantation or renal sparing regimens. Multianalyte plasma/urine kidney injury protein panels were performed immediately before and 1 month post-LT in an initial test group divided by reversible pre-LT AKI (rAKI = post-LT renal recovery) versus no AKI (nAKI). This was followed by a larger validation set that included an additional group: irreversible pre-LT AKI (iAKI = no post-LT renal recovery). In the test group (n = 16), six pre-LT plasma (not urine) kidney injury proteins (osteopontin [OPN], neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin, cystatin C, trefoil factor 3, tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase [TIMP]-1, and β-2-microglobulin) were higher in rAKI versus nAKI (P < 0.05) and returned to normal values with renal recovery post-LT. In the validation set (n = 46), a number of proteins were significantly higher in both rAKI and iAKI versus nAKI. However, only pre-LT plasma OPN (P = 0.009) and TIMP-1 (P = 0.019) levels were significantly higher in rAKI versus iAKI. Logistic regression modeling was used to correlate the probability of post-LT rAKI, factoring in both pre-LT protein markers and clinical variables. A combined model including elevated OPN and TIMP-1 levels, age <57, and absence of diabetes had the highest area under the curve of 0.82, compared to protein-only and clinical variable-only models. CONCLUSION These data suggest that plasma protein profiles might improve the prediction of pre-LT kidney injury recovery after LT. However, multicenter, prospective studies are needed to validate these findings and ultimately test the value of such protein panels in perioperative management and decision making.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josh Levitsky
- Comprehensive Transplant Center, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL; Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL
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Wu M, Zhou J, Cheng M, Boriboun C, Biyashev D, Wang H, Mackie A, Thorne T, Chou J, Wu Y, Chen Z, Liu Q, Yan H, Yang Y, Jie C, Tang YL, Zhao TC, Taylor RN, Kishore R, Losordo DW, Qin G. E2F1 suppresses cardiac neovascularization by down-regulating VEGF and PlGF expression. Cardiovasc Res 2014; 104:412-22. [PMID: 25341896 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvu222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
AIMS The E2F transcription factors are best characterized for their roles in cell-cycle regulation, cell growth, and cell death. Here we investigated the potential role of E2F1 in cardiac neovascularization. METHODS AND RESULTS We induced myocardial infarction (MI) by ligating the left anterior descending artery in wild-type (WT) and E2F1(-/-) mice. E2F1(-/-) mice demonstrated a significantly better cardiac function and smaller infarct sizes than WT mice. At infarct border zone, capillary density and endothelial cell (EC) proliferation were greater, apoptotic ECs were fewer, levels of VEGF and placental growth factor (PlGF) were higher, and p53 level was lower in E2F1(-/-) than in WT mice. Blockade of VEGF receptor 2 (VEGFR2) signalling with the selective inhibitor SU5416 or with the VEGFR2-blocking antibody DC101 abolished the differences between E2F1(-/-) mice and WT mice in cardiac function, infarct size, capillary density, EC proliferation, and EC apoptosis. In vitro, hypoxia-induced VEGF and PlGF up-regulation was significantly greater in E2F1(-/-) than in WT cardiac fibroblasts, and E2F1 overexpression suppressed PlGF up-regulation in both WT and p53(-/-) cells; however, VEGF up-regulation was suppressed only in WT cells. E2F1 interacted with and stabilized p53 under hypoxic conditions, and both E2F1 : p53 binding and the E2F1-induced suppression of VEGF promoter activity were absent in cells that expressed an N-terminally truncated E2F1 mutant. CONCLUSION E2F1 limits cardiac neovascularization and functional recovery after MI by suppressing VEGF and PlGF up-regulation through p53-dependent and -independent mechanisms, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Wu
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China Department of Medicine-Cardiology, Feinberg Cardiovascular Research Institute, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, 303 E Chicago Ave., Tarry 14-721, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Junlan Zhou
- Department of Medicine-Cardiology, Feinberg Cardiovascular Research Institute, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, 303 E Chicago Ave., Tarry 14-721, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Min Cheng
- Department of Cardiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Chan Boriboun
- Department of Medicine-Cardiology, Feinberg Cardiovascular Research Institute, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, 303 E Chicago Ave., Tarry 14-721, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Dauren Biyashev
- Department of Medicine-Cardiology, Feinberg Cardiovascular Research Institute, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, 303 E Chicago Ave., Tarry 14-721, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Hong Wang
- Department of Medicine-Cardiology, Feinberg Cardiovascular Research Institute, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, 303 E Chicago Ave., Tarry 14-721, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Alexander Mackie
- Department of Medicine-Cardiology, Feinberg Cardiovascular Research Institute, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, 303 E Chicago Ave., Tarry 14-721, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Tina Thorne
- Department of Medicine-Cardiology, Feinberg Cardiovascular Research Institute, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, 303 E Chicago Ave., Tarry 14-721, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Jonathan Chou
- Department of Medicine-Cardiology, Feinberg Cardiovascular Research Institute, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, 303 E Chicago Ave., Tarry 14-721, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Yiping Wu
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Zhishui Chen
- Organ Transplantation Institute, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Qinghua Liu
- Institute for Medical Biology and Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory for Protection and Application of Special Plants in Wuling Area of China, College of Life Sciences, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Hongbin Yan
- Cardiology Department, Cardiovascular Institute and Fuwai Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Ya Yang
- Department of Echocardiography, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University and Beijing Institute of Heart, Lung and Blood Vessel Disease, Beijing, China
| | - Chunfa Jie
- Department of Surgery, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Yao-Liang Tang
- Department of Medicine, Vascular Biology Center, Medical College of Georgia/Georgia Regents University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Ting C Zhao
- Department of Surgery, Roger Williams Medical Center, Boston University Medical School, Boston University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Robert N Taylor
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA
| | - Raj Kishore
- Center for Translational Medicine, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Douglas W Losordo
- Department of Medicine-Cardiology, Feinberg Cardiovascular Research Institute, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, 303 E Chicago Ave., Tarry 14-721, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Gangjian Qin
- Department of Medicine-Cardiology, Feinberg Cardiovascular Research Institute, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, 303 E Chicago Ave., Tarry 14-721, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Polycythemia vera is the ultimate phenotypic consequence of the V617F mutation in Janus kinase 2 (encoded by JAK2), but the extent to which this mutation influences the behavior of the involved CD34+ hematopoietic stem cells is unknown. METHODS We analyzed gene expression in CD34+ peripheral-blood cells from 19 patients with polycythemia vera, using oligonucleotide microarray technology after correcting for potential confounding by sex, since the phenotypic features of the disease differ between men and women. RESULTS Men with polycythemia vera had twice as many up-regulated or down-regulated genes as women with polycythemia vera, in a comparison of gene expression in the patients and in healthy persons of the same sex, but there were 102 genes with differential regulation that was concordant in men and women. When these genes were used for class discovery by means of unsupervised hierarchical clustering, the 19 patients could be divided into two groups that did not differ significantly with respect to age, neutrophil JAK2 V617F allele burden, white-cell count, platelet count, or clonal dominance. However, they did differ significantly with respect to disease duration; hemoglobin level; frequency of thromboembolic events, palpable splenomegaly, and splenectomy; chemotherapy exposure; leukemic transformation; and survival. The unsupervised clustering was confirmed by a supervised approach with the use of a top-scoring-pair classifier that segregated the 19 patients into the same two phenotypic groups with 100% accuracy. CONCLUSIONS Removing sex as a potential confounder, we identified an accurate molecular method for classifying patients with polycythemia vera according to disease behavior, independently of their JAK2 V617F allele burden, and identified previously unrecognized molecular pathways in polycythemia vera outside the canonical JAK2 pathway that may be amenable to targeted therapy. (Funded by the Department of Defense and the National Institutes of Health.).
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Affiliation(s)
- Jerry L Spivak
- From the Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine (J.L.S., D.M.W., O.R., A.R.M.), Division of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center (M.C.), and the Basic Science Institute (C.C.T.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore; the Department of Surgery, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago (C.J.); and the Department of Mathematics and Statistics, College of New Jersey, Ewing (M.F.O.)
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Wang DH, Tiwari A, Kim ME, Clemons NJ, Regmi NL, Hodges WA, Berman DM, Montgomery EA, Watkins DN, Zhang X, Zhang Q, Jie C, Spechler SJ, Souza RF. Hedgehog signaling regulates FOXA2 in esophageal embryogenesis and Barrett's metaplasia. J Clin Invest 2014; 124:3767-80. [PMID: 25083987 DOI: 10.1172/jci66603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2014] [Accepted: 06/12/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Metaplasia can result when injury reactivates latent developmental signaling pathways that determine cell phenotype. Barrett's esophagus is a squamous-to-columnar epithelial metaplasia caused by reflux esophagitis. Hedgehog (Hh) signaling is active in columnar-lined, embryonic esophagus and inactive in squamous-lined, adult esophagus. We showed previously that Hh signaling is reactivated in Barrett's metaplasia and overexpression of Sonic hedgehog (SHH) in mouse esophageal squamous epithelium leads to a columnar phenotype. Here, our objective was to identify Hh target genes involved in Barrett's pathogenesis. By microarray analysis, we found that the transcription factor Foxa2 is more highly expressed in murine embryonic esophagus compared with postnatal esophagus. Conditional activation of Shh in mouse esophageal epithelium induced FOXA2, while FOXA2 expression was reduced in Shh knockout embryos, establishing Foxa2 as an esophageal Hh target gene. Evaluation of patient samples revealed FOXA2 expression in Barrett's metaplasia, dysplasia, and adenocarcinoma but not in esophageal squamous epithelium or squamous cell carcinoma. In esophageal squamous cell lines, Hh signaling upregulated FOXA2, which induced expression of MUC2, an intestinal mucin found in Barrett's esophagus, and the MUC2-processing protein AGR2. Together, these data indicate that Hh signaling induces expression of genes that determine an intestinal phenotype in esophageal squamous epithelial cells and may contribute to the development of Barrett's metaplasia.
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Naiditch JA, Jie C, Lautz TB, Yu S, Clark S, Voronov D, Chu F, Madonna MB. Mesenchymal change and drug resistance in neuroblastoma. J Surg Res 2014; 193:279-88. [PMID: 25128389 DOI: 10.1016/j.jss.2014.07.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2014] [Revised: 07/03/2014] [Accepted: 07/09/2014] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Metastatic initiation has many phenotypic similarities to epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition, including loss of cell-cell adhesion, increased invasiveness, and increased cell mobility. We have previously demonstrated that drug resistance is associated with a metastatic phenotype in neuroblastoma (NB). The purpose of this project was to determine if the development of doxorubicin resistance is associated with characteristics of mesenchymal change in human NB cells. MATERIALS AND METHODS Total RNA was isolated from wild type (WT) and doxorubicin-resistant (DoxR) human NB cell lines (SK-N-SH and SK-N-BE(2)C) and analyzed using the Illumina Human HT-12 version 4 Expression BeadChip. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified. Volcano plots and heat maps were generated. Genes of interest with a fold change in expression >1.5 and an adjusted P < 0.1 were analyzed. Immunofluorescence (IF) and Western blot analysis confirmed microarray results of interest. Matrigel invasion assay and migration wounding assays were performed. RESULTS Volcano plots and heat maps visually demonstrated a similar pattern of DEGs in the SK-N-SH and SK-N-BE(2)C DoxR cell lines relative to their parental WT lines. Venn diagramming revealed 1594 DEGs common to both DoxR cell lines relative to their parental cell lines. Network analysis pointed to several significantly upregulated epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition pathways, through TGF-beta pathways via RhoA, PI3K, and ILK and via SMADs, as well as via notch signaling pathways. DoxR cell lines displayed a more invasive phenotype than respective WT cell lines. CONCLUSIONS Human SK-N-SH and SK-N-BE(2)C NB cells display characteristics of mesenchymal change via multiple pathways in the transition to a drug-resistant state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica A Naiditch
- Department of Surgery, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois; Cancer Biology and Epigenomics, Stanley Manne Children's Research Institute, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Chunfa Jie
- Whole Genome Core Facility, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Timothy B Lautz
- Department of Surgery, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois; Cancer Biology and Epigenomics, Stanley Manne Children's Research Institute, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Songtao Yu
- Cancer Biology and Epigenomics, Stanley Manne Children's Research Institute, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Sandra Clark
- Cancer Biology and Epigenomics, Stanley Manne Children's Research Institute, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Dimitry Voronov
- Cancer Biology and Epigenomics, Stanley Manne Children's Research Institute, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Fei Chu
- Department of Surgery, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois; Cancer Biology and Epigenomics, Stanley Manne Children's Research Institute, Chicago, Illinois.
| | - Mary Beth Madonna
- Department of Surgery, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois; Cancer Biology and Epigenomics, Stanley Manne Children's Research Institute, Chicago, Illinois
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Zitzner JR, Shah S, Jie C, Wegner W, Tambur AR, Friedewald JJ. A prospective study evaluating the role of donor-specific anti-endothelial crossmatch (XM-ONE assay) in predicting living donor kidney transplant outcome. Hum Immunol 2013; 74:1431-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.humimm.2013.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2012] [Revised: 01/22/2013] [Accepted: 06/07/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Zheng X, Naiditch J, Czurylo M, Jie C, Lautz T, Clark S, Jafari N, Qiu Y, Chu F, Madonna MB. Differential effect of long-term drug selection with doxorubicin and vorinostat on neuroblastoma cells with cancer stem cell characteristics. Cell Death Dis 2013; 4:e740. [PMID: 23887631 PMCID: PMC3730434 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2013.264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2013] [Revised: 06/08/2013] [Accepted: 06/11/2013] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Numerous studies have confirmed that cancer stem cells (CSCs) are more resistant to chemotherapy; however, there is a paucity of data exploring the effect of long-term drug treatment on the CSC sub-population. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether long-term doxorubicin treatment could expand the neuroblastoma cells with CSC characteristics and histone acetylation could affect stemness gene expression during the development of drug resistance. Using n-myc amplified SK-N-Be(2)C and non-n-myc amplified SK-N-SH human neuroblastoma cells, our laboratory generated doxorubicin-resistant cell lines in parallel over 1 year; one cell line intermittently treated with the histone deacetylase inhibitor (HDACi) vorinostat and the other without exposure to HDACi. Cells' sensitivity to chemotherapeutic drugs, the ability to form tumorspheres, and capacity for in vitro invasion were examined. Cell-surface markers and side populations (SPs) were analyzed using flow cytometry. Differentially expressed stemness genes were identified through whole genome analysis and confirmed with real-time PCR. Our results indicated that vorinostat increased the sensitivity of only SK-N-Be(2)C-resistant cells to chemotherapy, made cells lose the ability to form tumorspheres, and reduced in vitro invasion and the SP percentage. CD133 was not enriched in doxorubicin-resistant or vorinostat-treated doxorubicin-resistant cells. Nine stemness-linked genes (ABCB1, ABCC4, LMO2, SOX2, ERCC5, S100A10, IGFBP3, TCF3, and VIM) were downregulated in vorinostat-treated doxorubicin-resistant SK-N-Be(2)C cells relative to doxorubicin-resistant cells. A sub-population of cells with CSC characteristics is enriched during prolonged drug selection of n-myc amplified SK-N-Be(2)C neuroblastoma cells. Vorinostat treatment affects the reversal of drug resistance in SK-N-Be(2)C cells and may be associated with downregulation of stemness gene expression. This work may be valuable for clinicians to design treatment protocols specific for different neuroblastoma patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- X Zheng
- Cancer Biology, Children's Hospital of Chicago Research Center, Ann & Robert H Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60611, USA.
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Kanojia D, Zhou W, Zhang J, Jie C, Lo PK, Wang Q, Chen H. Proteomic profiling of cancer stem cells derived from primary tumors of HER2/Neu transgenic mice. Proteomics 2012; 12:3407-15. [PMID: 22997041 DOI: 10.1002/pmic.201200103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2012] [Revised: 07/09/2012] [Accepted: 08/23/2012] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) overexpression leads to mammary tumorigenesis and its elevated levels lead to increase in cancer stem cells (CSCs), invasion, and metastasis. CSCs are resistant to radiation/chemotherapeutic drugs and are believed to be responsible for recurrence/relapse of cancer. CSCs are isolated using flow cytometry based sorting, although reliable, this technology hinders the convenient identification of molecular targets of CSCs. Therefore to understand the molecular players of increased CSC through HER2 overexpression and to develop meaningful targets for combination therapy, we isolated and characterized breast CSCs through convenient tumorsphere culture. We identified the altered protein expression in CSC as compared to non-CSC using LC-MS/MS and confirmed those results using qRT-PCR and Western blotting. Ferritin heavy chain 1 (FTH1) was identified as a candidate gene, which is involved in iron metabolism and iron depletion significantly decreased the self-renewal of CSCs. We further performed in silico analysis of altered genes in tumorsphere and identified a set of genes (PTMA, S100A4, S100A6, TNXRD1, COX-1, COX-2, KRT14, and FTH1), representing possible molecular targets, which in combination showed a promise to be used as prognostic markers for breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepak Kanojia
- Department of Biological Science, Centre for Colon Cancer, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29205, USA
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Naiditch JA, Jie C, Lautz TB, Clark S, Qiu YY, Nadereh J, Chu F, Madonna MB. Mesenchymal change in the development of drug resistance in human neuroblastoma cells: A systems biology approach. J Am Coll Surg 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jamcollsurg.2012.06.207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Lautz TB, Jie C, Clark S, Naiditch JA, Jafari N, Qiu YY, Zheng X, Chu F, Madonna MB. The effect of vorinostat on the development of resistance to doxorubicin in neuroblastoma. PLoS One 2012; 7:e40816. [PMID: 22829886 PMCID: PMC3400660 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0040816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2011] [Accepted: 06/18/2012] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors, especially vorinostat, are currently under investigation as potential adjuncts in the treatment of neuroblastoma. The effect of vorinostat co-treatment on the development of resistance to other chemotherapeutic agents is unknown. In the present study, we treated two human neuroblastoma cell lines [SK-N-SH and SK-N-Be(2)C] with progressively increasing doses of doxorubicin under two conditions: with and without vorinsotat co-therapy. The resultant doxorubicin-resistant (DoxR) and vorinostat-treated doxorubicin resistant (DoxR-v) cells were equally resistant to doxorubicin despite significantly lower P-glycoprotein expression in the DoxR-v cells. Whole genome analysis was performed using the Ilumina Human HT-12 v4 Expression Beadchip to identify genes with differential expression unique to the DoxR-v cells. We uncovered a number of genes whose differential expression in the DoxR-v cells might contribute to their resistant phenotype, including hypoxia inducible factor-2. Finally, we used Gene Ontology to categorize the biological functions of the differentially expressed genes unique to the DoxR-v cells and found that genes involved in cellular metabolism were especially affected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy B. Lautz
- Department of Surgery, Lurie Children’s Hospital, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
- Cancer Biology Program, Children’s Memorial Research Center, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Chunfa Jie
- Center for Genetic Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Sandra Clark
- Cancer Biology Program, Children’s Memorial Research Center, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Jessica A. Naiditch
- Department of Surgery, Lurie Children’s Hospital, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
- Cancer Biology Program, Children’s Memorial Research Center, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Nadereh Jafari
- Center for Genetic Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Yi-Yong Qiu
- Cancer Biology Program, Children’s Memorial Research Center, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Xin Zheng
- Cancer Biology Program, Children’s Memorial Research Center, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Fei Chu
- Cancer Biology Program, Children’s Memorial Research Center, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
- * E-mail: (MBM); (FC)
| | - Mary Beth Madonna
- Department of Surgery, Lurie Children’s Hospital, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
- Cancer Biology Program, Children’s Memorial Research Center, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
- * E-mail: (MBM); (FC)
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Khoruzhenko S, Jie C, Sadegh-Nasseri S. Long-term memory CD4+ T cells - a survival network (47.12). The Journal of Immunology 2012. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.188.supp.47.12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Memory CD4+ T cells specific for a particular antigen can survive for a lifetime of an individual through undefined mechanisms. Previously we have demonstrated that memory CD4+ T cells undergo a state of dormancy during the resolution of infection, and dormant memory T cells survive for the life of mice. To gain an understanding of the genetic programs involved, we examined gene expression profile of memory DO11.10 CD4+ T cells in mice infected with Vaccinia-OVA virus 10.5 months post infection and compared it with gene expression in age-matched old mice. Extensive literature search allowed reverse engineering of genetic network of differentially expressed genes in long-term memory T cells. Pattern of gene expression pointed to the induction of anti-apoptotic and genomic stability pathways. We found that in long term memory CD4+ T cells a shift from glucose to lipid metabolism occurs, along with upregulation of ceramide synthesis and utilization that may favor memory T cell survival. Insulin resistance appears to play a major role in downregulation of glucose metabolism. In conclusion, our data show that in long-term memory CD4+ T cells several major regulatory genes that regulate anti-apoptotic, genomic stability, glucose and lipid metabolism pathways are upregulated and possibly coordinate an overall pro-survival effect.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Chunfa Jie
- 1Pathology, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD
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Naiditch JA, Clark S, Lautz TB, Jie C, Madonna MB, Chu F. Abstract 335: Human neuroblastoma cells undergo TGF-beta mediated mesenchymal change in the transition to drug resistance. Cancer Res 2012. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.am2012-335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Background: Hypoxia inducible factor 1-alpha (HIF1-alpha) is overexpressed in doxorubicin-resistant neuroblastoma cell lines relative to drug sensitive parental cells lines, and has been implicated in inducing epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT). We hypothesized that the transition of human neuroblastoma cells from a drug-sensitive to drug-resistant phenotype involves mesenchymal change. Methods: A doxorubicin resistant (DoxR) human neuroblastoma cell line was generated by incubating parental wild type (WT) SK-N-Be(2)C cells in stepwise concentrations of doxorubicin. Cells were deemed resistant after surviving in a concentration of drug approximately 2 Log above the wild type IC50, confirmed by MTT colorimetric survival assay. Cell migration and capacity for invasion were assayed using the scratch test and Matrigel invasion culture system. EMT pathway related genes differentially expressed in the DoxR cells relative to the parental (WT) lines were analyzed using the Ilumina Human HT-12 v4 Expression Beadchip. Genes of interest with a fold change in expression >1.5 and an adjusted p < 0.1 are reported. Quantitative RT-PCR and western blot analysis were used to confirm the results. Results: Western blot confirmed that HIF1-alpha was up-regulated in BE(2)C/DoxR cells relative to WT. DoxR cells also demonstrated increased migration and invasion typical of mesenchymal cells. Up-regulation of TGF-beta dependent induction pathways of EMT via RhoA, PI3K, and ILK and via SMADs was seen on microarray pathway analysis in BE(2)C DoxR cells when compared to WT cells. Genes involved in these EMT pathways that were up-regulated in DoxR cells included TGFBRII, the gene encoding TGF beta-receptor II, TGFB3, the gene for TGF beta 3, as well as other genes implicated in TGF-beta signaling, including PAK1, LEF1, SMAD3, ZEB2, and NET1. EMT markers including vimentin (VIM), and slug (SNAI2) were also up-regulated. Interestingly, CDH2, the gene for N-cadherin, and TWIST1 were down regulated in DoxR cells. CDH1, the gene for E-cadherin, and SNAI1, the gene for Snail-1, were not differentially expressed. Conclusions: As SK-BE(2)C human neuroblastoma cell lines acquire drug-resistance, they undergo mesenchymal change via TGF-beta mediated pathways, displaying increased invasion and migration.
Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 335. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-335
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica A. Naiditch
- 1Children's Memorial Research Center, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL
| | - Sandra Clark
- 2Children's Memorial Research Center, Chicago, IL
| | - Timothy B. Lautz
- 1Children's Memorial Research Center, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL
| | - Chunfa Jie
- 3Whole Genome Core Facility, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL
| | - Mary Beth Madonna
- 1Children's Memorial Research Center, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL
| | - Fei Chu
- 2Children's Memorial Research Center, Chicago, IL
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Lautz TB, Jie C, Clark S, Naiditch JA, Jafari N, Qiu YY, Zheng X, Madonna MB, Chu F. Abstract 781: The effect of vorinostat on the development of resistance to doxorubicin in neuroblastoma. Cancer Res 2012. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.am2012-781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors, especially vorinostat, are currently under investigation as potential adjuncts in the treatment of neuroblastoma. The effect of vorinostat co-treatment on the development of resistance to other chemotherapeutic agents is unknown. In the present study, we treated two human neuroblastoma cell lines [SK-N-SH and SK-N-Be(2)C] with progressively increasing doses of doxorubicin under two conditions: with and without vorinsotat co-therapy. The resultant doxorubicin-resistant (DoxR) and vorinostat-treated doxorubicin resistant (DoxR-v) cells were equally resistant to doxorubicin despite significantly lower P-glycoprotein expression in the DoxR-v cells. Whole genome analysis was performed using the Ilumina Human HT-12 v4 Expression Beadchip to identify genes with differential expression unique to the DoxR-v cells. We uncovered a number of genes whose differential expression in the DoxR-v cells might contribute to their resistant phenotype, including hypoxia inducible factor-2. Finally, we used Gene Ontology to categorize the biological functions of the differentially expressed genes unique to the DoxR-v cells and found that genes involved in cellular metabolism were especially affected.
Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 781. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-781
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Yi-Yong Qiu
- 3Children's Memorial Research Ctr., Chicago, IL
| | - Xin Zheng
- 3Children's Memorial Research Ctr., Chicago, IL
| | | | - Fei Chu
- 3Children's Memorial Research Ctr., Chicago, IL
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Li Z, Wang X, Yan S, Zhang Z, Jie C, Sustento-Reodica N, Hummel M, Abecassis M. A mouse model of CMV transmission following kidney transplantation. Am J Transplant 2012; 12:1024-8. [PMID: 22226173 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-6143.2011.03892.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Reactivation of latent CMV in transplant recipients remains a significant infectious complication of transplantation. Investigation of the cellular and molecular mechanisms by which reactivation occurs has been hampered by the lack of appropriate animal models. Here, we show that transplantation of kidneys latently infected with murine cytomegalovirus (MCMV) into NOD.Cg-Prkdc(scid) IL2rg(tm1Wjl) /Szj mice results in reactivation of latent virus in the kidney, resulting in a disseminated primary infection of the recipient. This model will be useful in elucidating mechanisms of MCMV reactivation, including the roles of injury and of spontaneous reactivation, and in testing new therapies for treatment and prevention of CMV reactivation and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z Li
- Comprehensive Transplant Center, Department of Surgery, Robert H. Lurie Cancer Center, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
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Yiru W, Yu W, Jing B, Jie C, Lifeng L, Yu W. Endothelial differentiation promoted by hypoxia in human amniotic fluid-derived stem cells. Heart 2011. [DOI: 10.1136/heartjnl-2011-300867.219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Halper-Stromberg E, Frelin L, Ruczinski I, Scharpf R, Jie C, Carvalho B, Hao H, Hetrick K, Jedlicka A, Dziedzic A, Doheny K, Scott AF, Baylin S, Pevsner J, Spencer F, Irizarry RA. Performance assessment of copy number microarray platforms using a spike-in experiment. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011; 27:1052-60. [PMID: 21478196 DOI: 10.1093/bioinformatics/btr106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
MOTIVATION Changes in the copy number of chromosomal DNA segments [copy number variants (CNVs)] have been implicated in human variation, heritable diseases and cancers. Microarray-based platforms are the current established technology of choice for studies reporting these discoveries and constitute the benchmark against which emergent sequence-based approaches will be evaluated. Research that depends on CNV analysis is rapidly increasing, and systematic platform assessments that distinguish strengths and weaknesses are needed to guide informed choice. RESULTS We evaluated the sensitivity and specificity of six platforms, provided by four leading vendors, using a spike-in experiment. NimbleGen and Agilent platforms outperformed Illumina and Affymetrix in accuracy and precision of copy number dosage estimates. However, Illumina and Affymetrix algorithms that leverage single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) information make up for this disadvantage and perform well at variant detection. Overall, the NimbleGen 2.1M platform outperformed others, but only with the use of an alternative data analysis pipeline to the one offered by the manufacturer. AVAILABILITY The data is available from http://rafalab.jhsph.edu/cnvcomp/. CONTACT pevsner@jhmi.edu; fspencer@jhmi.edu; rafa@jhu.edu SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eitan Halper-Stromberg
- Department of Biostatistics, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
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Mei L, Jie C, Yang HB, Ming ZS, Hao Y, Ming TH. Synthesis of (C8H11N)2·Zn(OAc)2, (C8H11N)2·Cu(OAc)2, and (C8H11N)2·CuCl2 complexes and application to the Henry reaction. J STRUCT CHEM+ 2011. [DOI: 10.1134/s0022476611040159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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50
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Hyland EM, Molina H, Poorey K, Jie C, Xie Z, Dai J, Qian J, Bekiranov S, Auble DT, Pandey A, Boeke JD. An evolutionarily 'young' lysine residue in histone H3 attenuates transcriptional output in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Genes Dev 2011; 25:1306-19. [PMID: 21685365 DOI: 10.1101/gad.2050311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The DNA entry and exit points on the nucleosome core regulate the initial invasion of the nucleosome by factors requiring access to the underlying DNA. Here we describe in vivo consequences of eliminating a single protein-DNA interaction at this position through mutagenesis of histone H3 Lys 42 to alanine. This substitution has a dramatic effect on the Saccharomyces cerevisiae transcriptome in both the transcriptional output and landscape of mRNA species produced. We attribute this in part to decreased histone H3 occupancy at transcriptionally active loci, leading to enhanced elongation. Additionally we show that this lysine is methylated in vivo, and genetic studies of methyl-lysine mimics suggest that this modification may be crucial in attenuating gene expression. Interestingly, this site of methylation is unique to Ascomycota, suggesting a recent evolutionary innovation that highlights the evolvability of post-translational modifications of chromatin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edel M Hyland
- High Throughput Biology Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, USA
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