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Yuan H, Kehm RD, Daaboul JM, Lloyd SE, McDonald JA, Mu L, Tehranifar P, Zhang K, Terry MB, Yang W. Cancer incidence trends in New York State and associations with common population-level exposures 2010-2018: an ecological study. Sci Rep 2024; 14:7141. [PMID: 38531903 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-56634-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The impact of common environmental exposures in combinations with socioeconomic and lifestyle factors on cancer development, particularly for young adults, remains understudied. Here, we leveraged environmental and cancer incidence data collected in New York State at the county level to examine the association between 31 exposures and 10 common cancers (i.e., lung and bronchus, thyroid, colorectal, kidney and renal pelvis, melanoma, non-Hodgkin lymphoma, and leukemia for both sexes; corpus uteri and female breast cancer; prostate cancer), for three age groups (25-49, 50-69, and 70-84 year-olds). For each cancer, we stratified by age group and sex, and applied regression models to examine the associations with multiple exposures simultaneously. The models included 642,013 incident cancer cases during 2010-2018 and found risk factors consistent with previous reports (e.g., smoking and physical inactivity). Models also found positive associations between ambient air pollutants (ozone and PM2.5) and prostate cancer, female breast cancer, and melanoma of the skin across multiple population strata. Additionally, the models were able to better explain the variation in cancer incidence data among 25-49 year-olds than the two older age groups. These findings support the impact of common environmental exposures on cancer development, particularly for younger age groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haokun Yuan
- Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, 722 West 168th Street, Room 514, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Rebecca D Kehm
- Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, 722 West 168th Street, Room 514, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Josephine M Daaboul
- Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, 722 West 168th Street, Room 514, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Susan E Lloyd
- Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, 722 West 168th Street, Room 514, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Jasmine A McDonald
- Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, 722 West 168th Street, Room 514, New York, NY, 10032, USA
- Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Lina Mu
- Department of Epidemiology and Environmental Health, School of Public Health and Health Professions, The State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Parisa Tehranifar
- Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, 722 West 168th Street, Room 514, New York, NY, 10032, USA
- Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Kai Zhang
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, State University of New York at Albany, Rensselaer, NY, USA
| | - Mary Beth Terry
- Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, 722 West 168th Street, Room 514, New York, NY, 10032, USA
- Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Wan Yang
- Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, 722 West 168th Street, Room 514, New York, NY, 10032, USA.
- Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA.
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2
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Gao M, Guo H, Han J, Liu J, Hou Y, Wang Z, Yang Z, Wang Q. Bromoform exposure is associated with non-melanoma skin cancer: evidence from NHANES 2011-2020. Front Public Health 2023; 11:1191881. [PMID: 37927885 PMCID: PMC10624123 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1191881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Non-melanoma skin cancer (NMSC) is a prevalent skin malignancy. It has been indicated in many studies that trihalomethanes (THMs) exposure has a strong association with tumors but has not been associated with NMSC. Our investigation aims to explore the association between THMs exposure and NMSC. Methods Cross-sectional data from the 2011 to 2020 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) was collected. Poisson regression and subgroup analyses were performed to evaluate the association between individual THMs components and NMSC. Fitted smoothing curves and generalized additive models were also used. Results This study involved 5,715 individuals, 98 (1.7%) of whom self-reported NMSC. After adjusting for covariates, Poisson regression showed that higher blood TBM levels were associated with an increased likelihood of NMSC (OR = 1.03; 95% CI: 1.01-1.05, p = 0.002). However, the correlation between the blood levels of TCM, DBCM, and BDCM and the likelihood of NMSC was not statistically significant (all p > 0.05). Subgroup analysis and interaction tests showed no significant differences between blood TBM concentration and the likelihood of NMSC, indicating that age, gender, and race were significantly independent of this positive association (all p < 0.05). Conclusions Our results implied that among adults older than 65 years old in the U.S., elevated blood TBM concentrations were positively associated with NMSC. More prospective investigations are required to validate this relationship with the early prevention of NMSC.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Qiying Wang
- Department of Plastic Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
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Xue P, Wang H, Yang L, Jiang Z, Li H, Liu Q, Zhang Q, Andersen ME, Crabbe MJC, Hao L, Qu W. NRF2-ARE signaling is responsive to haloacetonitrile-induced oxidative stress in human keratinocytes. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2022; 450:116163. [PMID: 35842135 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2022.116163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Revised: 07/07/2022] [Accepted: 07/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Humans are exposed to disinfection by-products through oral, inhalation, and dermal routes, during bathing and swimming, potentially causing skin lesions, asthma, and bladder cancer. Nuclear factor E2-related factor 2 (NRF2) is a master regulator of the adaptive antioxidant response via the antioxidant reaction elements (ARE) orchestrating the transcription of a large group of antioxidant and detoxification genes. Here we used an immortalized human keratinocyte model HaCaT cells to investigate NRF2-ARE as a responder and protector in the acute cytotoxicity of seven haloacetonitriles (HANs), including chloroacetonitrile (CAN), bromoacetonitrile (BAN), iodoacetonitrile (IAN), bromochloroacetonitrile (BCAN), dichloroacetonitrile (DCAN), dibromoacetonitrile (DBAN), and trichloroacetonitrile (TCAN) found in drinking water and swimming pools. The rank order of cytotoxicity among the HANs tested was IAN ≈ BAN ˃ DBAN ˃ BCAN ˃ CAN ˃ TCAN ˃ DCAN based on their LC50. The HANs induced intracellular reactive oxygen species accumulation and activated cellular antioxidant responses in concentration- and time-dependent fashions, showing elevated NRF2 protein levels and ARE activity, induction of antioxidant genes, and increased glutathione levels. Additionally, knockdown of NRF2 by lentiviral shRNAs sensitized the HaCaT cells to HANs-induced cytotoxicity, emphasizing a protective role of NRF2 against the cytotoxicity of HANs. These results indicate that HANs cause oxidative stress and activate NRF2-ARE-mediated antioxidant response, which in turn protects the cells from HANs-induced cytotoxicity, highlighting that NRF2-ARE activity could be a sensitive indicator to identify and characterize the oxidative stress induced by HANs and other environmental pollutants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Xue
- Key Laboratory of the Public Health Safety, Ministry of Education, Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Huihui Wang
- Program of Environmental Toxicology, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, China
| | - Lili Yang
- Key Laboratory of the Public Health Safety, Ministry of Education, Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Zhiqiang Jiang
- Key Laboratory of the Public Health Safety, Ministry of Education, Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Hongliang Li
- Pudong New Area Center for Diseases Control & Prevention, Pudong New Area, Shanghai 200120, China
| | - Qinxin Liu
- Key Laboratory of the Public Health Safety, Ministry of Education, Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Qiang Zhang
- Gangarosa Department of Environmental Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, GA 30322, USA
| | | | - M James C Crabbe
- Wolfson College, Oxford University, Oxford OX2 6UD, UK; Institute of Biomedical and Environmental Science & Technology, University of Bedfordshire, Luton LU1 3JU, UK
| | - Lipeng Hao
- Pudong New Area Center for Diseases Control & Prevention, Pudong New Area, Shanghai 200120, China
| | - Weidong Qu
- Key Laboratory of the Public Health Safety, Ministry of Education, Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China.
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4
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Snell JA, Jandova J, Wondrak GT. Hypochlorous Acid: From Innate Immune Factor and Environmental Toxicant to Chemopreventive Agent Targeting Solar UV-Induced Skin Cancer. Front Oncol 2022; 12:887220. [PMID: 35574306 PMCID: PMC9106365 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.887220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Accepted: 03/31/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
A multitude of extrinsic environmental factors (referred to in their entirety as the 'skin exposome') impact structure and function of skin and its corresponding cellular components. The complex (i.e. additive, antagonistic, or synergistic) interactions between multiple extrinsic (exposome) and intrinsic (biological) factors are important determinants of skin health outcomes. Here, we review the role of hypochlorous acid (HOCl) as an emerging component of the skin exposome serving molecular functions as an innate immune factor, environmental toxicant, and topical chemopreventive agent targeting solar UV-induced skin cancer. HOCl [and its corresponding anion (OCl-; hypochlorite)], a weak halogen-based acid and powerful oxidant, serves two seemingly unrelated molecular roles: (i) as an innate immune factor [acting as a myeloperoxidase (MPO)-derived microbicidal factor] and (ii) as a chemical disinfectant used in freshwater processing on a global scale, both in the context of drinking water safety and recreational freshwater use. Physicochemical properties (including redox potential and photon absorptivity) determine chemical reactivity of HOCl towards select biochemical targets [i.e. proteins (e.g. IKK, GRP78, HSA, Keap1/NRF2), lipids, and nucleic acids], essential to its role in innate immunity, antimicrobial disinfection, and therapeutic anti-inflammatory use. Recent studies have explored the interaction between solar UV and HOCl-related environmental co-exposures identifying a heretofore unrecognized photo-chemopreventive activity of topical HOCl and chlorination stress that blocks tumorigenic inflammatory progression in UV-induced high-risk SKH-1 mouse skin, a finding with potential implications for the prevention of human nonmelanoma skin photocarcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Georg T. Wondrak
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, R.K. Coit College of Pharmacy & UA Cancer Center, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States
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5
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Prasse C. Reactivity-directed analysis - a novel approach for the identification of toxic organic electrophiles in drinking water. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE. PROCESSES & IMPACTS 2021; 23:48-65. [PMID: 33432313 DOI: 10.1039/d0em00471e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Drinking water consumption results in exposure to complex mixtures of organic chemicals, including natural and anthropogenic chemicals and compounds formed during drinking water treatment such as disinfection by-products. The complexity of drinking water contaminant mixtures has hindered efforts to assess associated health impacts. Existing approaches focus primarily on individual chemicals and/or the evaluation of mixtures, without providing information about the chemicals causing the toxic effect. Thus, there is a need for the development of novel strategies to evaluate chemical mixtures and provide insights into the species responsible for the observed toxic effects. This critical review introduces the application of a novel approach called Reactivity-Directed Analysis (RDA) to assess and identify organic electrophiles, the largest group of known environmental toxicants. In contrast to existing in vivo and in vitro approaches, RDA utilizes in chemico methodologies that investigate the reaction of organic electrophiles with nucleophilic biomolecules, including proteins and DNA. This review summarizes the existing knowledge about the presence of electrophiles in drinking water, with a particular focus on their formation in oxidative treatment systems with ozone, advanced oxidation processes, and UV light, as well as disinfectants such as chlorine, chloramines and chlorine dioxide. This summary is followed by an overview of existing RDA approaches and their application for the assessment of aqueous environmental matrices, with an emphasis on drinking water. RDA can be applied beyond drinking water, however, to evaluate source waters and wastewater for human and environmental health risks. Finally, future research demands for the detection and identification of electrophiles in drinking water via RDA are outlined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carsten Prasse
- Department of Environmental Health and Engineering, Whiting School of Engineering and Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, 3400 N Charles St, Baltimore, MD-21318, USA.
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6
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Evans S, Campbell C, Naidenko OV. Analysis of Cumulative Cancer Risk Associated with Disinfection Byproducts in United States Drinking Water. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:E2149. [PMID: 32213849 PMCID: PMC7142415 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17062149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2020] [Revised: 03/20/2020] [Accepted: 03/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Hundreds of different disinfection byproducts form in drinking water following necessary treatment with chlorine and other disinfectants, and many of those byproducts can damage DNA and increase the risk of cancer. This study offers the first side-by-side comparison of cancer risk assessments based on toxicological and epidemiological studies of disinfection byproducts using a comprehensive contaminant occurrence dataset for haloacetic acids and trihalomethanes, two groups of disinfection byproducts that are regulated in drinking water. We also provide the first analysis of a new occurrence dataset for unregulated haloacetic acids that became available from the latest, fourth round of the U.S. EPA-mandated unregulated contaminant monitoring program (UCMR4). A toxicological assessment indicated that haloacetic acids, and in particular brominated haloacetic acids, are more carcinogenic and are associated with a greater number of attributable cancer cases than trihalomethanes. Based on the toxicological analysis, cumulative lifetime cancer risk due to exposure to trihalomethanes and haloacetic acids for community water systems monitored under UCMR4, estimated with standard default parameters for body weight and water intake, corresponds to 7.0 × 10-5 (3.5 × 10-5-1.3 × 10-4). The same analysis conducted with age sensitivity factors to account for elevated risk in infants and children yielded a cumulative risk estimate of 2.9 × 10-4 (1.7 × 10-4-6.2 × 10-4). Epidemiological data suggest that lifetime cancer risk from disinfection byproducts for the U.S. population served by community water systems is approximately 3.0 × 10-3 (2.1 × 10-4-5.7 × 10-3), or a lifetime cancer risk of three cases per thousand people. Overall, this analysis highlights the value of using human data in health risk assessments to the greatest extent possible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sydney Evans
- Environmental Working Group, 1436 U Street NW, Suite 100, Washington, DC 20009, USA; (C.C.); (O.V.N.)
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7
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Yang X, Ou W, Xi Y, Chen J, Liu H. Emerging Polar Phenolic Disinfection Byproducts Are High-Affinity Human Transthyretin Disruptors: An in Vitro and in Silico Study. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2019; 53:7019-7028. [PMID: 31117532 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.9b00218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Phenolic disinfection byproducts (phenolic-DBPs) have been identified in recent years. However, the toxicity data for phenolic-DBPs are scarce, hampering their risk assessment and the development of regulations on the acceptable concentration of phenolic-DBPs in water. In this study, the binding potency and underlying interaction mechanism between human transthyretin (hTTR) and five groups of representative phenolic-DBPs (2,4,6-trihalo-phenols, 2,6-dihalo-4-nitrophenols, 3,5-dihalo-4-hydroxybenzaldehydes, 3,5-dihalo-4-hydroxybenzoic acids, halo-salicylic acids) were determined and probed by competitive fluorescence displacement assay integrated with in silico methods. Experimental results implied that 2,4,6-trihalo-phenols, 2,6-dihalo-4-nitrophenols, and 3,5-dihalo-4-hydroxybenzaldehydes have a high binding affinity with hTTR. The hTTR binding potency of the chemicals with electron-withdrawing groups on their molecular structures were higher than that with electron-donor groups. Molecular modeling methods were used to decipher the binding mechanism between model compounds and hTTR. The results documented that ionic pair, hydrogen bonding and hydrophobic interactions were dominant interactions. Finally, a mechanism-based model for predicting the hTTR binding affinity was developed. The determination coefficient ( R2), leave-one-out cross validation Q2 ( QLOO2), bootstrapping coefficient ( QBOOT2), external validation coefficient ( QEXT2) and concordance correlation coefficient ( CCC) of the developed model met the acceptable criteria ( Q2 > 0.600, R2 > 0.700, CCC > 0.850), implying that the model had good goodness-of-fit, robustness, and external prediction performances. All the results indicated that the phenolic-DBPs have the hTTR disrupting effects, and further studies are needed to investigate their other mechanism of endocrine disruption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianhai Yang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, School of Environmental and Biological Engineering , Nanjing University of Science and Technology , Nanjing 210094 , China
- Nanjing Institute of Environmental Science , Ministry of Ecology and Environment of the People's Republic of China , Nanjing 210042 , China
| | - Wang Ou
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, School of Environmental and Biological Engineering , Nanjing University of Science and Technology , Nanjing 210094 , China
| | - Yue Xi
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, School of Environmental and Biological Engineering , Nanjing University of Science and Technology , Nanjing 210094 , China
| | - Jingwen Chen
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (Ministry of Education), School of Environmental Science and Technology , Dalian University of Technology , Dalian 116024 , China
| | - Huihui Liu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, School of Environmental and Biological Engineering , Nanjing University of Science and Technology , Nanjing 210094 , China
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8
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Plewa MJ, Wagner ED, Richardson SD. TIC-Tox: A preliminary discussion on identifying the forcing agents of DBP-mediated toxicity of disinfected water. J Environ Sci (China) 2017; 58:208-216. [PMID: 28774611 DOI: 10.1016/j.jes.2017.04.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 145] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2017] [Revised: 04/17/2017] [Accepted: 04/17/2017] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
The disinfection of drinking water is a major public health achievement; however, an unintended consequence of disinfection is the generation of disinfection by-products (DBPs). Many of the identified DBPs exhibit in vitro and in vivo toxicity, generate a diversity of adverse biological effects, and may be hazards to the public health and the environment. Only a few DBPs are regulated by several national and international agencies and it is not clear if these regulated DBPs are the forcing agents that drive the observed toxicity and their associated health effects. In this study, we combine analytical chemical and biological data to resolve the forcing agents associated with mammalian cell cytotoxicity of drinking water samples from three cities. These data suggest that the trihalomethanes (THMs) and haloacetic acids may be a small component of the overall cytotoxicity of the organic material isolated from disinfected drinking water. Chemical classes of nitrogen-containing DBPs, such as the haloacetonitriles and haloacetamides, appear to be the major forcing agents of toxicity in these samples. These findings may have important implications for the design of epidemiological studies that primarily rely on the levels of THMs to define DBP exposure among populations. The TIC-Tox approach constitutes a beginning step in the process of identifying the forcing agents of toxicity in disinfected water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J Plewa
- Safe Global Water Institute, and the Department of Crop Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, IL 61801, United States.
| | - Elizabeth D Wagner
- Safe Global Water Institute, and the Department of Crop Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, IL 61801, United States
| | - Susan D Richardson
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208, United States
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9
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Li J, Wang W, Zhang H, Le XC, Li XF. Glutathione-mediated detoxification of halobenzoquinone drinking water disinfection byproducts in T24 cells. Toxicol Sci 2014; 141:335-43. [PMID: 24812012 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfu088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Halobenzoquinones (HBQs) are a new class of drinking water disinfection byproducts (DBPs) and are capable of producing reactive oxygen species and causing oxidative damage to proteins and DNA in T24 human bladder carcinoma cells. However, the exact mechanism of the cytotoxicity of HBQs is unknown. Here, we investigated the role of glutathione (GSH) and GSH-related enzymes including glutathione S-transferase (GST) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) in defense against HBQ-induced cytotoxicity in T24 cells. The HBQs are 2,6-dichloro-1,4-benzoquinone (DCBQ), 2,6-dichloro-3-methyl-1,4-benzoquinone (DCMBQ), 2,3,6-trichloro-1,4-benzoquinone (TriCBQ), and 2,6-dibromobenzoquinone (DBBQ). We found that depletion of cellular GSH could sensitize cells to HBQs and extracellular GSH supplementation could attenuate HBQ-induced cytotoxicity. HBQs caused significant cellular GSH depletion and increased cellular GST activities in a concentration-dependent manner. Our mass spectrometry study confirms that HBQs can conjugate with GSH, explaining in part the mechanism of GSH depletion by HBQs. The effects of HBQs on GPx activity are compound dependent; DCMBQ and DBBQ decrease cellular GPx activities, whereas DCBQ and TriCBQ have no significant effects. Pearson correlation analysis shows that the cellular GSH level is inversely correlated with ROS production and cellular GST activity in HBQ-treated cells. These results support a GSH and GSH-related enzyme-mediated detoxification mechanism of HBQs in T24 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinhua Li
- Division of Analytical and Environmental Toxicology, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Alberta, 10-102 Clinical Sciences Building, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T6G 2G3
| | - Wei Wang
- Division of Analytical and Environmental Toxicology, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Alberta, 10-102 Clinical Sciences Building, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T6G 2G3
| | - Hongquan Zhang
- Division of Analytical and Environmental Toxicology, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Alberta, 10-102 Clinical Sciences Building, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T6G 2G3
| | - X Chris Le
- Division of Analytical and Environmental Toxicology, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Alberta, 10-102 Clinical Sciences Building, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T6G 2G3
| | - Xing-Fang Li
- Division of Analytical and Environmental Toxicology, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Alberta, 10-102 Clinical Sciences Building, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T6G 2G3
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10
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Dad A, Jeong CH, Pals JA, Wagner ED, Plewa MJ. Pyruvate remediation of cell stress and genotoxicity induced by haloacetic acid drinking water disinfection by-products. ENVIRONMENTAL AND MOLECULAR MUTAGENESIS 2013; 54:629-37. [PMID: 23893730 PMCID: PMC4014312 DOI: 10.1002/em.21795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2013] [Revised: 05/27/2013] [Accepted: 05/27/2013] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Monohaloacetic acids (monoHAAs) are a major class of drinking water disinfection by-products (DBPs) and are cytotoxic, genotoxic, mutagenic, and teratogenic. We propose a model of toxic action based on monoHAA-mediated inhibition of glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) as a target cytosolic enzyme. This model predicts that GAPDH inhibition by the monoHAAs will lead to a severe reduction of cellular ATP levels and repress the generation of pyruvate. A loss of pyruvate will lead to mitochondrial stress and genomic DNA damage. We found a concentration-dependent reduction of ATP in Chinese hamster ovary cells after monoHAA treatment. ATP reduction per pmol monoHAA followed the pattern of iodoacetic acid (IAA) > bromoacetic acid (BAA) >> chloroacetic acid (CAA), which is the pattern of potency observed with many toxicological endpoints. Exogenous supplementation with pyruvate enhanced ATP levels and attenuated monoHAA-induced genomic DNA damage as measured with single cell gel electrophoresis. These data were highly correlated with the SN 2 alkylating potentials of the monoHAAs and with the induction of toxicity. The results from this study strongly support the hypothesis that GAPDH inhibition and the possible subsequent generation of reactive oxygen species is linked with the cytotoxicity, genotoxicity, teratogenicity, and neurotoxicity of these DBPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azra Dad
- Department of Crop Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois
- Comsats Institute of Information Technology, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Clara H. Jeong
- Department of Crop Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois
| | - Justin A. Pals
- Department of Crop Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois
| | - Elizabeth D. Wagner
- Department of Crop Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois
- Safe Global Water Institute and NSF Science and Technology, Center of Advanced Materials for the Purification of Water with Systems, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois
| | - Michael J. Plewa
- Department of Crop Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois
- Safe Global Water Institute and NSF Science and Technology, Center of Advanced Materials for the Purification of Water with Systems, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois
- Correspondence to: Michael J. Plewa, 364 NSRL, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 1101 W. Peabody Dr., Urbana, IL 61801, USA.
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11
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Pals J, Attene-Ramos MS, Xia M, Wagner ED, Plewa MJ. Human cell toxicogenomic analysis linking reactive oxygen species to the toxicity of monohaloacetic acid drinking water disinfection byproducts. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2013; 47:12514-23. [PMID: 24050308 PMCID: PMC4014314 DOI: 10.1021/es403171b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Chronic exposure to drinking water disinfection byproducts has been linked to adverse health risks. The monohaloacetic acids (monoHAAs) are generated as byproducts during the disinfection of drinking water and are cytotoxic, genotoxic, mutagenic, and teratogenic. Iodoacetic acid toxicity was mitigated by antioxidants, suggesting the involvement of oxidative stress. Other monoHAAs may share a similar mode of action. Each monoHAA generated a significant concentration-response increase in the expression of a β-lactamase reporter under the control of the antioxidant response element (ARE). The monoHAAs generated oxidative stress with a rank order of iodoacetic acid (IAA) > bromoacetic acid (BAA) ≫ chloroacetic acid (CAA); this rank order was observed with other toxicological end points. Toxicogenomic analysis was conducted with a nontransformed human intestinal epithelial cell line (FHs 74 Int). Exposure to the monoHAAs altered the transcription levels of multiple oxidative stress responsive genes, indicating that each exposure generated oxidative stress. The transcriptome profiles showed an increase in thioredoxin reductase 1 (TXNRD1) and sulfiredoxin (SRXN1), suggesting peroxiredoxin proteins had been oxidized during monoHAA exposures. Three possible sources of reactive oxygen species were identified, the hypohalous acid generating peroxidase enzymes lactoperoxidase (LPO) and myeloperoxidase (MPO), nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH)-dependent oxidase 5 (NOX5), and PTGS2 (COX-2) mediated arachidonic acid metabolism. Each monoHAA exposure caused an increase in COX-2 mRNA levels. These data provide a functional association between monoHAA exposure and adverse health outcomes such as oxidative stress, inflammation, and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin Pals
- Department of Crop Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, U.S.A
| | - Matias S. Attene-Ramos
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, U.S.A
| | - Menghang Xia
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, U.S.A
| | - Elizabeth D. Wagner
- Department of Crop Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, U.S.A
- Safe Global Water Institute and NSF Science and Technology, Center of Advanced Materials for the Purification of Water with Systems, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, U.S.A
| | - Michael J. Plewa
- Department of Crop Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, U.S.A
- Safe Global Water Institute and NSF Science and Technology, Center of Advanced Materials for the Purification of Water with Systems, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, U.S.A
- Corresponding Author, Phone: 217-333-3614;
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Liu S, Zhu Z, Fan C, Qiu Y, Zhao J. Seasonal variation effects on the formation of trihalomethane during chlorination of water from Yangtze River and associated cancer risk assessment. J Environ Sci (China) 2011; 23:1503-1511. [PMID: 22432287 DOI: 10.1016/s1001-0742(10)60573-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
For the system of water samples collected from Yangtze River, the effects of seasonal variation and Fe(III) concentrations on the formation and distribution of trihalomethanes (THMs) during chlorination have been investigated. The corresponding lifetime cancer risk of the formed THMs to human beings was estimated using the parameters and procedure issued by the US EPA. The results indicated that the average concentration of THMs (100.81 microg/L) in spring was significantly higher than that in other seasons, which was related to the higher bromide ion concentration resulted from the intrusion of tidal saltwater. The total cancer risk in spring reached 8.23 x 10(-5) and 8.86 x 10(-5) for males and females, respectively, which were about two times of those in summer under the experimental conditions. Furthermore, it was found that the presence of Fe(III) resulted in the increased level of THMs and greater cancer risk from exposure to humans. Under weak basic conditions, about 10% of the increment of THMs from the water samples in spring was found in the presence of 0.5 mg/L Fe(III) compared with the situation without Fe(III). More attention should be given to the effect of the coexistence of Fe(III) and bromide ions on the risk assessment of human intake of THMs from drinking water should be paid more attention, especially in the coastland and estuaries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaogang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, Key Laboratory of Yangtze Aquatic Environment of Ministry of Education, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China.
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Rahman MB, Driscoll T, Cowie C, Armstrong BK. Disinfection by-products in drinking water and colorectal cancer: a meta-analysis. Int J Epidemiol 2010; 39:733-45. [PMID: 20139236 DOI: 10.1093/ije/dyp371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is inconclusive evidence from observational studies that disinfection by-products (DBPs) in drinking water are associated with colorectal cancer. METHODS A literature search, without language or time limits, was performed to identify relevant case-control and cohort studies. Separate risk estimates for colon and rectal cancer were extracted from studies meeting the inclusion criteria. Relative risks (RRs) or odds ratios (ORs) comparing the highest exposure category with the lowest were pooled using random effects methods. RESULTS A total of 13 studies (3 cohort and 10 case-control) were analysed. For colon cancer, the pooled RR estimates were 1.11 [95% confidence interval (CI): 0.73-1.70] for cohort studies, 1.33 (95% CI: 1.12-1.57) for case-control studies and 1.27 (95% CI: 1.08-1.50) combining both study types. For rectal cancer, the corresponding RR estimates were 0.88 (0.57-1.35), 1.40 (1.15-1.70) and 1.30 (1.06-1.59). Sensitivity analysis showed these results were not importantly influenced by any single study. Publication bias was not evident for the colon cancer analysis but may have been a minor issue for the rectal cancer analysis. The results for rectal cancer may have been influenced by the quality of the studies. CONCLUSIONS The study findings provide limited evidence of a positive association between colorectal cancer and exposure to DBPs in drinking water. The small number of studies and limitations in study quality prevent causal inference.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Bayzidur Rahman
- School of Public Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
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Nieuwenhuijsen MJ, Grellier J, Smith R, Iszatt N, Bennett J, Best N, Toledano M. The epidemiology and possible mechanisms of disinfection by-products in drinking water. PHILOSOPHICAL TRANSACTIONS. SERIES A, MATHEMATICAL, PHYSICAL, AND ENGINEERING SCIENCES 2009; 367:4043-4076. [PMID: 19736233 DOI: 10.1098/rsta.2009.0116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
This paper summarizes the epidemiological evidence for adverse health effects associated with disinfection by-products (DBPs) in drinking water and describes the potential mechanism of action. There appears to be good epidemiological evidence for a relationship between exposure to DBPs, as measured by trihalomethanes (THMs), in drinking water and bladder cancer, but the evidence for other cancers including colorectal cancer is inconclusive and inconsistent. There appears to be some evidence for an association between exposure to DBPs, specifically THMs, and little for gestational age/intrauterine growth retardation and, to a lesser extent, pre-term delivery, but evidence for relationships with other outcomes such as low birth weight, stillbirth, congenital anomalies and semen quality is inconclusive and inconsistent. Major limitations in exposure assessment, small sample sizes and potential biases may account for the inconclusive and inconsistent results in epidemiological studies. Moreover, most studies have focused on total THMs as the exposure metric, whereas other DBPs appear to be more toxic than the THMs, albeit generally occurring at lower levels in the water. The mechanisms through which DBPs may cause adverse health effects including cancer and adverse reproductive effects have not been well investigated. Several mechanisms have been suggested, including genotoxicity, oxidative stress, disruption of folate metabolism, disruption of the synthesis and/or secretion of placental syncytiotrophoblast-derived chorionic gonadotropin and lowering of testosterone levels, but further work is required in this area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark J Nieuwenhuijsen
- Centre for Research in Environmental Epidemiology (CREAL), Parc de Recerca Biomèdica de Barcelona-PRBB (Office 183.05), , C. Doctor Aiguader, 88, 08003 Barcelona, Spain.
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Drobnic F. Impacto sobre la salud de los compuestos utilizados en el tratamiento del agua en las piscinas. Estado de la cuestión. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/s1886-6581(09)70107-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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