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Savis A, Haseler E, Beardsley H, Chowienczyk PJ, Simpson JM, Sinha MD. Aortic Dilatation in Children and Young People With ADPKD. Kidney Int Rep 2024; 9:1210-1219. [PMID: 38707792 PMCID: PMC11068958 DOI: 10.1016/j.ekir.2024.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2023] [Revised: 01/26/2024] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 05/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Aortic root dilatation is a reported cardiovascular sequela seen in children and young people (CYP) with chronic kidney disease (CKD) but has yet to be described in those with autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD). Methods Single center, cross-sectional study in a dedicated ADPKD clinic. Echocardiograms were evaluated for the presence of dilatation (defined by a z-score ≥2 [≥99th percentile] SDs from the mean) at 4 standardized locations, namely the aortic valve annulus, sinuses of Valsalva (SoV), sinotubular junction (STJ), and the ascending aorta. Measurements were compared with a control group to assess prevalence, severity, and determinants of aortic dilatation. Results Ninety-seven children, median age (interquartile range) of 9.3 (6.1, 13.6) years were compared with 19 controls without ADPKD or other CKD. The prevalence of dilatation ranged from 5.2% to 17% in ADPKD, depending on anatomical location with no aortic dilatation identified in the control group. In multivariable regression, aortic root dilatation was significantly associated with cyst burden at the aortic valve annulus and SoV (β = 0.42 and β = 0.39, both P < 0.001), with age at SoV (β = -0.26, P = 0.02), systolic blood pressure (SBP) z-score at SoV (β = -0.20, P = 0.04) and left ventricular mass index (LVMI) at SoV and STJ (β = 0.24, P = 0.02 and β = 0.25, P = 0.03, respectively) following adjustment for age, sex (male or female), body mass index (BMI) z-score, estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), SBP z-score, and LVMI. Conclusion Our data suggests increased prevalence of aortic root and ascending aortic dilatation in CYP with ADPKD compared with controls. Further studies are needed to understand the pathogenesis and its contribution to the high cardiovascular morbidity in ADPKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Savis
- Department of Paediatric Cardiology, Evelina London Children’s Hospital, Guys & St Thomas NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Emily Haseler
- Department of Paediatric Nephrology, Evelina London Children’s Hospital, Guys & St Thomas NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Hayley Beardsley
- Department of Paediatric Cardiology, Evelina London Children’s Hospital, Guys & St Thomas NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | | | - John M. Simpson
- Department of Paediatric Cardiology, Evelina London Children’s Hospital, Guys & St Thomas NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Manish D. Sinha
- Department of Paediatric Nephrology, Evelina London Children’s Hospital, Guys & St Thomas NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Kings College London, UK
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Joyce JJ, Joyce TR, Ferns SJ. Trivial aortic valve regurgitation in children and adolescents with structurally normal hearts: physiologic or pathologic? Cardiol Young 2024; 34:131-136. [PMID: 37254631 DOI: 10.1017/s1047951123001270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Trivial regurgitation from a normal aortic valve is rarely seen in healthy children and adolescents. The aim of this study was to evaluate timing of presentation, associated conditions, and medium-term prognosis of this incidental finding. METHODS Paediatric patients observed to have trivial aortic valve regurgitation with otherwise normal echocardiograms were retrospectively analysed. Clinical and echocardiographic parameters were measured and categorised on presentation and follow-up. RESULTS Sixty patients (39 males) were identified over a 13-year period. Age at presentation was 14.8 years (IQR 12.9-16.0), height z-score was + 0.71 (95% CI + 0.48- + 0.94), and body mass index z-score was + 0.66 (95% CI + 0.40- + 0.92). Median aortic regurgitation vena contracta diameter was 1.0 mm (IQR 0.8-1.3). Aortic valve strands were visualised in 28% and physiologic mitral regurgitation in 32%. Aortic annulus, sinotubular junction, and mid-ascending aorta diameters were normal, and mean aortic sinus diameter was only slightly increased (z-score + 0.23, 95% CI + 0.02- + 0.44). Follow-up data were obtained in 36 patients from 1 to 6.7 years later (median 2.1). Aortic regurgitation was no longer detectable in 28%, and none exhibited worsening. Mitral regurgitation prevalence was lower in those with aortic regurgitation resolution versus persistence (10% versus 50%, p = 0.03). CONCLUSIONS Trivial aortic regurgitation in paediatric patients with normal hearts is more common in adolescents and is associated with an increased prevalence of aortic valve strands and physiologic mitral regurgitation. These findings do not worsen during growth and may resolve consistent with being physiologic rather than pathologic.
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Affiliation(s)
- James J Joyce
- Pediatric Cardiology Division, Wolfson Children's Hospital, Jacksonville, FL, USA
- Jacksonville Pediatric and Adult Congenital Cardiology, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | - Thomas R Joyce
- Jacksonville Pediatric and Adult Congenital Cardiology, Jacksonville, FL, USA
- The University of Queensland School of Medicine, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Sunita J Ferns
- Pediatric Cardiology Division, Wolfson Children's Hospital, Jacksonville, FL, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Florida College of Medicine, Jacksonville, FL, USA
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Meel R, Hasenkam M, Goncalves R, Blair K, Mogaladi S. Spectrum of ascending aortic aneurysms at a peri-urban tertiary hospital: an echocardiography-based study. Front Cardiovasc Med 2023; 10:1209969. [PMID: 37492155 PMCID: PMC10363745 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2023.1209969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Thoracic ascending aortic (TAA) aneurysms are an important cause of disability and death and require early detection for effective management. Currently, there is a paucity of data from Africa pertaining to TAA aneurysms. This study describes the spectrum of TAA aneurysms at a peri-urban tertiary hospital. Methods A descriptive retrospective study based on clinical and echocardiographic imaging data of patients with TAA aneurysms from October 2017-October 2022. Advanced strain imaging was performed to measure left ventricular (LV) basal, apical, and global longitudinal strain as well as circumferential strain (CS) of the ascending aorta as a proxy measurement of aortic compliance. Results The study comprised 139 cases of TAA aneurysms (52.5% females) with a mean age of 50 ± 14.8 years with 45 age and gender matched controls. Most cases (95%) were of African ethnicity. The main etiologies were hypertension (41.7%), HIV (36.6%), connective tissue disease (10.7%), congenital (2.2%) and mixed pathologies (8.6%). Two-thirds of patients (69.7%) presented in heart failure, 10% presented with aortic dissection. Thirty percent of the patients were classified as New York Heart Association (NYHA) class I, 59.7% NYHA II, 8.6% NYHA III and two patients NYHA class IV. Echocardiography revealed enlarged aortic dimensions compared to controls (P < 0.001). TAA aneurysms were complicated by severe aortic regurgitation (AR) in half (50.3%) of patients, moderate AR in 25.8%, and mild AR in 14.3%. The mean LV ejection fraction (46.9 ± 12.7%) was reduced compared to controls (P < 0.001). Aortic CS was reduced compared to controls [4.4 (3.2-6.2) % vs. 9.0 (7.1-13.4) %, P < 0.001]. Aortic stiffness was higher in the aortic aneurysm group compared to controls (15.39 ± 20.65 vs. 5.04 ± 2.09, P = 0.001). LV longitudinal strain (-13.9 ± 3.9% vs. 18.1 ± 6.7%), basal CS (-13.9 ± 5.6% vs. -17.9 ± 5.8%) and apical CS (-8.7 ± 8.5% vs. -30.6 ± 3.8%) were reduced compared to controls (P < 0.001). Most patients were on diuretic and anti-remodeling therapy. Surgery was performed in 29.4% and overall mortality was 7.9%. Mortality for acute aortic dissection was 40%. Conclusion TAA aneurysms associated with hypertension and HIV are common in this predominantly African female population and are associated with considerable morbidity and mortality. Two-dimensional echocardiography and advanced strain imaging are potential tools for detecting and risk stratifying TAA aneurysms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruchika Meel
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | | | | | - Kelly Blair
- Chris Hani Baragwanath Academic Hospital, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Shungu Mogaladi
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Department of General Surgery, Charlotte Maxeke Hospital and University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
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5
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Wenzel JP, Nikorowitsch J, Bei der Kellen R, Dohm L, Girdauskas E, Lund G, Bannas P, Blankenberg S, Kölbel T, Cavus E, Müllerleile K, Kaul MG, Adam G, Weinrich JM. Comparison of cine cardiac magnetic resonance and echocardiography derived diameters of the aortic root in a large population-based cohort. Sci Rep 2022; 12:15307. [PMID: 36096919 PMCID: PMC9468025 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-19461-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) and cine cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (CMR) are established imaging methods of the aortic root. We aimed to evaluate the comparability of measurements in TTE and standard cine CMR sequences of the aortic root. Our study included 741 subjects (mean age 63.5 ± 8 years, 43.7% female) from the Hamburg City Health Study (HCHS). Subjects underwent CMR and TTE. Aortic root measurements were performed at the level of the aortic annulus (AoAn), sinus of Valsalva (SoV), and sinotubular junction (STJ) by standard cine CMR in left ventricular long axis and left ventricular outflow tract view. Measurements were performed applying the leading-edge to leading-edge (LL) convention and inner-edge to inner-edge (II) convention in TTE and the II convention in CMR. Inter correlation coefficients (ICCs) demonstrated high inter- and intraobserver reproducibility for CMR and TTE measurements of SoV and STJ (ICCs 0.9–0.98) and moderate reproducibility for AoAn (ICCs 0.68–0.91). CMR measurements of SoV and STJ showed strong agreement with TTE: while correlations were comparable (r = 0.75–0.85) bias was lower with TTE II (bias − 0.1 to − 0.74) versus TTE LL measurements (mean bias − 1.49 to − 2.58 mm). The agreement for AoAn was fair (r = 0.51–0.57) with variable bias (mean bias 0.39–3.9). Standard cine CMR and TTE derived aortic root measurements are reproducible and comparable with higher agreement for TTE II instead of LL measurements. These results support an interchangeable application of TTE and standard CMR for screening of aortic root diseases thereby possibly reducing redundant multimodality imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan-Per Wenzel
- Department of Cardiology, University Heart and Vascular Center Hamburg, UKE Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany. .,Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.
| | - Julius Nikorowitsch
- Department of Cardiology, University Heart and Vascular Center Hamburg, UKE Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Ramona Bei der Kellen
- Department of Cardiology, University Heart and Vascular Center Hamburg, UKE Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Luisa Dohm
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Evaldas Girdauskas
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, University Heart and Vascular Center Hamburg, UKE Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Gunnar Lund
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Peter Bannas
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Stefan Blankenberg
- Department of Cardiology, University Heart and Vascular Center Hamburg, UKE Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany.,German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Tilo Kölbel
- Department of Vascular Medicine, German Aortic Center Hamburg, University Heart and Vascular Center Hamburg, UKE Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Ersin Cavus
- Department of Cardiology, University Heart and Vascular Center Hamburg, UKE Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Kai Müllerleile
- Department of Cardiology, University Heart and Vascular Center Hamburg, UKE Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Michael Gerhard Kaul
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Gerhard Adam
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Julius Matthias Weinrich
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
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Petersen EL, Goßling A, Adam G, Aepfelbacher M, Behrendt CA, Cavus E, Cheng B, Fischer N, Gallinat J, Kühn S, Gerloff C, Koch-Gromus U, Härter M, Hanning U, Huber TB, Kluge S, Knobloch JK, Kuta P, Schmidt-Lauber C, Lütgehetmann M, Magnussen C, Mayer C, Muellerleile K, Münch J, Nägele FL, Petersen M, Renné T, Riedl KA, Rimmele DL, Schäfer I, Schulz H, Tahir E, Waschki B, Wenzel JP, Zeller T, Ziegler A, Thomalla G, Twerenbold R, Blankenberg S. Multi-organ assessment in mainly non-hospitalized individuals after SARS-CoV-2 infection: The Hamburg City Health Study COVID programme. Eur Heart J 2022; 43:1124-1137. [PMID: 34999762 PMCID: PMC8755397 DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehab914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 46.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2021] [Revised: 12/24/2021] [Accepted: 12/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
AIMS Long-term sequelae may occur after SARS-CoV-2 infection. We comprehensively assessed organ-specific functions in individuals after mild to moderate SARS-CoV-2 infection compared with controls from the general population. METHODS AND RESULTS Four hundred and forty-three mainly non-hospitalized individuals were examined in median 9.6 months after the first positive SARS-CoV-2 test and matched for age, sex, and education with 1328 controls from a population-based German cohort. We assessed pulmonary, cardiac, vascular, renal, and neurological status, as well as patient-related outcomes. Bodyplethysmography documented mildly lower total lung volume (regression coefficient -3.24, adjusted P = 0.014) and higher specific airway resistance (regression coefficient 8.11, adjusted P = 0.001) after SARS-CoV-2 infection. Cardiac assessment revealed slightly lower measures of left (regression coefficient for left ventricular ejection fraction on transthoracic echocardiography -0.93, adjusted P = 0.015) and right ventricular function and higher concentrations of cardiac biomarkers (factor 1.14 for high-sensitivity troponin, 1.41 for N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide, adjusted P ≤ 0.01) in post-SARS-CoV-2 patients compared with matched controls, but no significant differences in cardiac magnetic resonance imaging findings. Sonographically non-compressible femoral veins, suggesting deep vein thrombosis, were substantially more frequent after SARS-CoV-2 infection (odds ratio 2.68, adjusted P < 0.001). Glomerular filtration rate (regression coefficient -2.35, adjusted P = 0.019) was lower in post-SARS-CoV-2 cases. Relative brain volume, prevalence of cerebral microbleeds, and infarct residuals were similar, while the mean cortical thickness was higher in post-SARS-CoV-2 cases. Cognitive function was not impaired. Similarly, patient-related outcomes did not differ. CONCLUSION Subjects who apparently recovered from mild to moderate SARS-CoV-2 infection show signs of subclinical multi-organ affection related to pulmonary, cardiac, thrombotic, and renal function without signs of structural brain damage, neurocognitive, or quality-of-life impairment. Respective screening may guide further patient management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elina Larissa Petersen
- Department of Cardiology, University Heart and Vascular Center, Hamburg, Germany
- Population Health Research Department, University Heart and Vascular Center, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Alina Goßling
- Department of Cardiology, University Heart and Vascular Center, Hamburg, Germany
- Population Health Research Department, University Heart and Vascular Center, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Gerhard Adam
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Martin Aepfelbacher
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, Virology and Hygiene, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Christian-Alexander Behrendt
- Department of Cardiology, University Heart and Vascular Center, Hamburg, Germany
- Population Health Research Department, University Heart and Vascular Center, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Ersin Cavus
- Department of Cardiology, University Heart and Vascular Center, Hamburg, Germany
- Population Health Research Department, University Heart and Vascular Center, Hamburg, Germany
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), partner site Hamburg/Kiel/Luebeck, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Bastian Cheng
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Nicole Fischer
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, Virology and Hygiene, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Jürgen Gallinat
- Clinic and Policlinic for Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Clinic Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Simone Kühn
- Clinic and Policlinic for Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Clinic Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Christian Gerloff
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Uwe Koch-Gromus
- Department of Medical Psychology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (UKE), Hamburg, Germany
| | - Martin Härter
- Department of Medical Psychology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (UKE), Hamburg, Germany
| | - Uta Hanning
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Tobias B. Huber
- III. Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Stefan Kluge
- Department of Intensive Care Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Johannes K. Knobloch
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, Virology and Hygiene, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Piotr Kuta
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg- Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | | | - Marc Lütgehetmann
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, Virology and Hygiene, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Christina Magnussen
- Department of Cardiology, University Heart and Vascular Center, Hamburg, Germany
- Population Health Research Department, University Heart and Vascular Center, Hamburg, Germany
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), partner site Hamburg/Kiel/Luebeck, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Carola Mayer
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Kai Muellerleile
- Department of Cardiology, University Heart and Vascular Center, Hamburg, Germany
- Population Health Research Department, University Heart and Vascular Center, Hamburg, Germany
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), partner site Hamburg/Kiel/Luebeck, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Julia Münch
- Department of Cardiology, University Heart and Vascular Center, Hamburg, Germany
- Population Health Research Department, University Heart and Vascular Center, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Felix Leonard Nägele
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Marvin Petersen
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Thomas Renné
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg- Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
- Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis (CTH), Johannes Gutenberg University Medical Center, Mainz, Germany
- Irish Centre for Vascular Biology, School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Katharina Alina Riedl
- Department of Cardiology, University Heart and Vascular Center, Hamburg, Germany
- Population Health Research Department, University Heart and Vascular Center, Hamburg, Germany
| | - David Leander Rimmele
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Ines Schäfer
- Department of Cardiology, University Heart and Vascular Center, Hamburg, Germany
- Population Health Research Department, University Heart and Vascular Center, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Holger Schulz
- Department of Medical Psychology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (UKE), Hamburg, Germany
| | - Enver Tahir
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Benjamin Waschki
- Department of Cardiology, University Heart and Vascular Center, Hamburg, Germany
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), partner site Hamburg/Kiel/Luebeck, Hamburg, Germany
- Hospital Itzehoe, Pneumology, Itzehoe, Germany
- Airway Research Center North (ARCN), German Center for Lung Research (DZL), LungenClinic Grosshansdorf, Grosshansdorf, Germany
| | - Jan-Per Wenzel
- Department of Cardiology, University Heart and Vascular Center, Hamburg, Germany
- Population Health Research Department, University Heart and Vascular Center, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Tanja Zeller
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), partner site Hamburg/Kiel/Luebeck, Hamburg, Germany
- University Center of Cardiovascular Science, University Heart and Vascular Center, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Andreas Ziegler
- Department of Cardiology, University Heart and Vascular Center, Hamburg, Germany
- Cardio-CARE, Medizincampus Davos, Davos, Switzerland
- School of Mathematics, Statistics and Computer Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg, South Africa
| | - Götz Thomalla
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Raphael Twerenbold
- Department of Cardiology, University Heart and Vascular Center, Hamburg, Germany
- Population Health Research Department, University Heart and Vascular Center, Hamburg, Germany
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), partner site Hamburg/Kiel/Luebeck, Hamburg, Germany
- University Center of Cardiovascular Science, University Heart and Vascular Center, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Stefan Blankenberg
- Department of Cardiology, University Heart and Vascular Center, Hamburg, Germany
- Population Health Research Department, University Heart and Vascular Center, Hamburg, Germany
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), partner site Hamburg/Kiel/Luebeck, Hamburg, Germany
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7
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Wenzel JP, Petersen E, Nikorowitsch J, Senftinger J, Sinning C, Theissen M, Petersen J, Reichenspurner H, Girdauskas E. Transthoracic echocardiographic reference values of the aortic root: results from the Hamburg City Health Study. Int J Cardiovasc Imaging 2021; 37:3513-3524. [PMID: 34324091 PMCID: PMC8604854 DOI: 10.1007/s10554-021-02354-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2021] [Accepted: 07/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Here we generate up-to-date reference values of transthoracic echocardiographic aortic root dimensions matched by sex, age, and body surface area (BSA) derived from the population-based Hamburg City Health Study (HCHS) cohort. In 1687 healthy subjects (mean age 57.1 ± 7.7, 681 male and 1006 female), derived from the first prospectively-recruited 10,000 HCHS participants, dimensions of the aortic root were measured in systole and diastole using state-of-the-art 2-dimensional transthoracic echocardiography. Diameters were assessed at four levels: aortic annulus, Sinus of Valsalva, sinotubular junction, and ascending aorta. Female sex was associated with significantly smaller absolute aortic root dimensions, while indexing for BSA resulted in a reverse effect at all levels. There was a strong age dependency of all aortic root diameters as well as aortic annulus/sinotubular junction ratio for both sexes. Multivariate analysis revealed age, sex, weight, height, and BSA to be significant determinants of aortic root size. Finally, formulas were generated for the calculation of individual aortic root reference values considering age, sex, weight, and height. We provide population-based reference values of aortic root diameters based on a standardized transthoracic echocardiographic protocol of the population-based HCHS which may support the diagnosis, monitoring, and treatment of aortic root disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan-Per Wenzel
- Department of Cardiology, University Heart and Vascular Centre Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
- Epidemiological Study Centre, Hamburg, Germany
| | | | - Julius Nikorowitsch
- Department of Cardiology, University Heart and Vascular Centre Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Juliana Senftinger
- Department of Cardiology, University Heart and Vascular Centre Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Christoph Sinning
- Department of Cardiology, University Heart and Vascular Centre Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
- German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Hamburg/Kiel/Luebeck, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Matthias Theissen
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, University Heart Centre Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Johannes Petersen
- German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Hamburg/Kiel/Luebeck, Hamburg, Germany
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, University Heart Centre Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | | | - Evaldas Girdauskas
- German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Hamburg/Kiel/Luebeck, Hamburg, Germany
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, University Heart Centre Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
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