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Li J, Zeng X, Chen S, Tang L, Zhang Q, Lv M, Lian W, Wang J, Lv H, Liu Y, Shen J, Uyama T, Wu F, Wu J, Xu J. The Treatment of Refractory Vitiligo With Autologous Cultured Epithelium Grafting: A Real-World Retrospective Cohort Study. Stem Cells Transl Med 2024; 13:415-424. [PMID: 38513284 DOI: 10.1093/stcltm/szae009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Surgical intervention is the main therapy for refractory vitiligo. We developed a modified autologous cultured epithelial grafting (ACEG) technique for vitiligo treatment. Between January 2015 and June 2019, a total of 726 patients with vitiligo underwent ACEG in China, with patient characteristics and clinical factors being meticulously documented. Using a generalized linear mixed model, we were able to assess the association between these characteristics and the repigmentation rate. RESULTS ACEG demonstrated a total efficacy rate of 82.81% (1754/2118) in treating 726 patients, with a higher repigmentation rate of 64.87% compared to conventional surgery at 52.69%. Notably, ACEG showed a better response in treating segmental vitiligo, lesions on lower limbs, age ≤ 18, and stable period > 3 years. A keratinocyte:melanocyte ratio below 25 was found to be advantageous too. Single-cell RNA sequencing analysis revealed an increase in melanocyte count and 2 subclusters of keratinocytes after ACEG, which remained higher in repigmented sites even after 1 year. CONCLUSIONS ACEG is a promising therapy for refractory vitiligo. Patient age, clinical type, lesion site, and stability before surgery influence repigmentation in ACEG. The mechanism of repigmentation after ACEG treatment is likely not confined to the restoration of melanocyte populations. It may also involve an increase in the number of keratinocytes that support melanocyte function within the affected area. These keratinocytes may aid the post-transplant survival and function of melanocytes by secreting cytokines and extracellular matrix components. TRIAL REGISTRATION registered with Chictr.org.cn (ChiCTR2100051405).
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Li
- Department of Dermatology, Huashan Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuanhao Zeng
- Department of Dermatology, Huashan Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Shujun Chen
- Department of Dermatology, Huashan Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Luyan Tang
- Department of Dermatology, Huashan Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Qi Zhang
- Department of Dermatology, Huashan Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Minzi Lv
- Centre of Evidence Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Weiling Lian
- Department of Dermatology, Huashan Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinqi Wang
- Department of Dermatology, Huashan Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Haozhen Lv
- Department of Dermatology, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yating Liu
- Department of Dermatology, Huashan Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiayi Shen
- Department of Dermatology, Huashan Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Taro Uyama
- ReMed Regenerative Medicine Clinical Application Institute, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Fuyue Wu
- ReMed Regenerative Medicine Clinical Application Institute, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinfeng Wu
- Department of Dermatology, Huashan Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
- The Shanghai Institute of Dermatology, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinhua Xu
- Department of Dermatology, Huashan Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
- The Shanghai Institute of Dermatology, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
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Salik D, El Kaderi Y, Hans C, Lefort A, Libert F, Smits G. Comparative study of keratinocyte primary culture methods from pediatric skin biopsies for
RNA
‐sequencing. Exp Dermatol 2022; 31:1741-1747. [DOI: 10.1111/exd.14652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2022] [Revised: 07/02/2022] [Accepted: 07/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- D. Salik
- Department of Dermatology, CHU Saint‐Pierre, CHU Brugmann and Hôpital Universitaire des Enfants Reine Fabiola Université Libre de Bruxelles Brussels Belgium
| | - Y. El Kaderi
- Department of Dermatology, CHU Saint‐Pierre, CHU Brugmann and Hôpital Universitaire des Enfants Reine Fabiola Université Libre de Bruxelles Brussels Belgium
| | - C. Hans
- Cytogenetics Laboratory, Hôpital Erasme, ULB Center of Human Genetics Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB) Brussels Belgium
| | - A. Lefort
- I.R.I.B.H.M, Campus Erasme Université Libre de Bruxelles 808 Route de Lennik, B‐1070 Brussels Belgium
- Brussels Interuniversity Genomics High Throughput core (BRIGHTcore), Campus Erasme Université Libre de Bruxelles 808 Route de Lennik, B‐1070 Brussels Belgium
| | - F. Libert
- I.R.I.B.H.M, Campus Erasme Université Libre de Bruxelles 808 Route de Lennik, B‐1070 Brussels Belgium
- Brussels Interuniversity Genomics High Throughput core (BRIGHTcore), Campus Erasme Université Libre de Bruxelles 808 Route de Lennik, B‐1070 Brussels Belgium
| | - G. Smits
- Department of Genetics, Hôpital Erasme, ULB Center of Human Genetics Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB) Brussels Belgium
- Department of Genetics, Hôpital Universitaire des Enfants Reine Fabiola, ULB Center of Human Genetics Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB) Brussels Belgium
- Interuniversity Institute of Bioinformatics in Brussels Université Libre de Bruxelles Brussels Belgium
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3
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Clinical Grade Human Pluripotent Stem Cell-Derived Engineered Skin Substitutes Promote Keratinocytes Wound Closure In Vitro. Cells 2022; 11:cells11071151. [PMID: 35406716 PMCID: PMC8998132 DOI: 10.3390/cells11071151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2022] [Revised: 03/21/2022] [Accepted: 03/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic wounds, such as leg ulcers associated with sickle cell disease, occur as a consequence of a prolonged inflammatory phase during the healing process. They are extremely hard to heal and persist as a significant health care problem due to the absence of effective treatment and the uprising number of patients. Indeed, there is a critical need to develop novel cell- and tissue-based therapies to treat these chronic wounds. Development in skin engineering leads to a small catalogue of available substitutes manufactured in Good Manufacturing Practices compliant (GMPc) conditions. Those substitutes are produced using primary cells that could limit their use due to restricted sourcing. Here, we propose GMPc protocols to produce functional populations of keratinocytes and fibroblasts derived from pluripotent stem cells to reconstruct the associated dermo-epidermal substitute with plasma-based fibrin matrix. In addition, this manufactured composite skin is biologically active and enhances in vitro wounding of keratinocytes. The proposed composite skin opens new perspectives for skin replacement using allogeneic substitute.
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Frese L, Darwiche SE, Gunning ME, Hoerstrup SP, von Rechenberg B, Giovanoli P, Calcagni M. Optimizing large-scale autologous human keratinocyte sheets for major burns-Toward an animal-free production and a more accessible clinical application. Health Sci Rep 2022; 5:e449. [PMID: 35028432 PMCID: PMC8738975 DOI: 10.1002/hsr2.449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2021] [Revised: 10/18/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Aims Autologous keratinocyte sheets constitute an important component of the burn wound treatment toolbox available to a surgeon and can be considered a life‐saving procedure for patients with severe burns over 50% of their total body surface area. Large‐scale keratinocyte sheet cultivation still fundamentally relies on the use of animal components such as inactivated murine 3T3 fibroblasts as feeders, animal‐derived enzymes such as trypsin, as well as media components such as fetal bovine serum (FBS). This study was therefore aimed to optimize autologous keratinocyte sheets by comparing various alternatives to critical components in their production. Methods Human skin samples were retrieved from remnant operative tissues. Cell isolation efficiency and viability were investigated by comparing the efficacy of porcine‐derived trypsin and animal‐free enzymes (Accutase and TrypLESelect). The subsequent expansion of the cells and the keratinocyte sheet formation was analyzed, comparing various cell culture substrates (inactivated murine 3T3 fibroblasts, inactivated human fibroblasts, Collagen I or plain tissue culture plastic), as well as media containing serum or chemically defined animal‐free media. Results The cell isolation step showed clear cell yield advantages when using porcine‐derived trypsin, compared to animal‐free alternatives. The keratinocyte sheets produced using animal‐free serum were similar to those produced using 3T3 feeder layer and FBS‐containing medium, particularly in mechanical integrity as all grafts were liftable. In addition, sheets grown on collagen in an animal‐free medium showed indications of advantages in homogeneity, speed, reduced variability, and differentiation status compared to the other growth conditions investigated. Most importantly, the procedure was compatible with the up‐scaling requirements of major burn wound treatments. Conclusion This study demonstrated that animal‐free components could be used successfully to reduce the risk profile of large‐scale autologous keratinocyte sheet production, and thereby increase clinical accessibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Frese
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine (IREM) University of Zurich Zurich Switzerland.,Center for Applied Biotechnology and Molecular Medicine (CABMM) University of Zurich Zurich Switzerland.,La Colline Sion Switzerland
| | - Salim Elias Darwiche
- Center for Applied Biotechnology and Molecular Medicine (CABMM) University of Zurich Zurich Switzerland.,Musculoskeletal Research Unit (MSRU), Vetsuisse Faculty University of Zurich Zurich Switzerland
| | - Myrna Elisabeth Gunning
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery University Hospital Zurich Zurich Switzerland
| | - Simon Philipp Hoerstrup
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine (IREM) University of Zurich Zurich Switzerland.,Center for Applied Biotechnology and Molecular Medicine (CABMM) University of Zurich Zurich Switzerland
| | - Brigitte von Rechenberg
- Center for Applied Biotechnology and Molecular Medicine (CABMM) University of Zurich Zurich Switzerland.,Musculoskeletal Research Unit (MSRU), Vetsuisse Faculty University of Zurich Zurich Switzerland
| | - Pietro Giovanoli
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery University Hospital Zurich Zurich Switzerland
| | - Maurizio Calcagni
- Center for Applied Biotechnology and Molecular Medicine (CABMM) University of Zurich Zurich Switzerland.,Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery University Hospital Zurich Zurich Switzerland
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5
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Chemali M, Laurent A, Scaletta C, Waselle L, Simon JP, Michetti M, Brunet JF, Flahaut M, Hirt-Burri N, Raffoul W, Applegate LA, de Buys Roessingh AS, Abdel-Sayed P. Burn Center Organization and Cellular Therapy Integration: Managing Risks and Costs. J Burn Care Res 2021; 42:911-924. [PMID: 33970273 PMCID: PMC8483250 DOI: 10.1093/jbcr/irab080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The complex management of severe burn victims requires an integrative collaboration of multidisciplinary specialists in order to ensure quality and excellence in healthcare. This multidisciplinary care has quickly led to the integration of cell therapies in clinical care of burn patients. Specific advances in cellular therapy together with medical care have allowed for rapid treatment, shorter residence in hospitals and intensive care units, shorter durations of mechanical ventilation, lower complications and surgery interventions, and decreasing mortality rates. However, naturally fluctuating patient admission rates increase pressure toward optimized resource utilization. Besides, European translational developments of cellular therapies currently face potentially jeopardizing challenges on the policy front. The aim of the present work is to provide key considerations in burn care with focus on architectural and organizational aspects of burn centers, management of cellular therapy products, and guidelines in evolving restrictive regulations relative to standardized cell therapies. Thus, based on our experience, we present herein integrated management of risks and costs for preserving and optimizing clinical care and cellular therapies for patients in dire need.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michèle Chemali
- Department of Musculoskeletal Medicine, Plastic, Reconstructive and Hand Surgery Service, Lausanne University Hospital, University of Lausanne, Switzerland
- Department of Interdisciplinary Centers, Lausanne Burn Center, Lausanne University Hospital, University of Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Alexis Laurent
- Department of Musculoskeletal Medicine, Plastic, Reconstructive and Hand Surgery Service, Lausanne University Hospital, University of Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Corinne Scaletta
- Department of Musculoskeletal Medicine, Plastic, Reconstructive and Hand Surgery Service, Lausanne University Hospital, University of Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Laurent Waselle
- Department of Interdisciplinary Centers, Cell Production Center, Service of Pharmacy, Lausanne University Hospital, University of Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Jeanne-Pascale Simon
- DIrectorate Department, Unit of Legal Affairs, Lausanne University Hospital, University of Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Murielle Michetti
- Department of Musculoskeletal Medicine, Plastic, Reconstructive and Hand Surgery Service, Lausanne University Hospital, University of Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Jean-François Brunet
- Department of Interdisciplinary Centers, Cell Production Center, Service of Pharmacy, Lausanne University Hospital, University of Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Marjorie Flahaut
- Department of Musculoskeletal Medicine, Plastic, Reconstructive and Hand Surgery Service, Lausanne University Hospital, University of Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Nathalie Hirt-Burri
- Department of Musculoskeletal Medicine, Plastic, Reconstructive and Hand Surgery Service, Lausanne University Hospital, University of Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Wassim Raffoul
- Department of Musculoskeletal Medicine, Plastic, Reconstructive and Hand Surgery Service, Lausanne University Hospital, University of Lausanne, Switzerland
- Department of Interdisciplinary Centers, Lausanne Burn Center, Lausanne University Hospital, University of Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Lee Ann Applegate
- Department of Musculoskeletal Medicine, Plastic, Reconstructive and Hand Surgery Service, Lausanne University Hospital, University of Lausanne, Switzerland
- Department of Interdisciplinary Centers, Lausanne Burn Center, Lausanne University Hospital, University of Lausanne, Switzerland
- Oxford Suzhou Center for Advanced Research, Science and Technology Co. Ltd., Oxford University, Suzhou, PR China
- Center for Applied Biotechnology and Molecular Medicine, University of Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Anthony S de Buys Roessingh
- Department of Interdisciplinary Centers, Lausanne Burn Center, Lausanne University Hospital, University of Lausanne, Switzerland
- Women-Mother-Child Department, Children and Adolescent Surgery Service, Lausanne University Hospital, University of Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Philippe Abdel-Sayed
- Department of Musculoskeletal Medicine, Plastic, Reconstructive and Hand Surgery Service, Lausanne University Hospital, University of Lausanne, Switzerland
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6
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Laurent A, Hirt-Burri N, Scaletta C, Michetti M, de Buys Roessingh AS, Raffoul W, Applegate LA. Holistic Approach of Swiss Fetal Progenitor Cell Banking: Optimizing Safe and Sustainable Substrates for Regenerative Medicine and Biotechnology. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2020; 8:557758. [PMID: 33195124 PMCID: PMC7644790 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2020.557758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Accepted: 08/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Safety, quality, and regulatory-driven iterative optimization of therapeutic cell source selection has constituted the core developmental bedrock for primary fetal progenitor cell (FPC) therapy in Switzerland throughout three decades. Customized Fetal Transplantation Programs were pragmatically devised as straightforward workflows for tissue procurement, traceability maximization, safety, consistency, and robustness of cultured progeny cellular materials. Whole-cell bioprocessing standardization has provided plethoric insights into the adequate conjugation of modern biotechnological advances with current restraining legislative, ethical, and regulatory frameworks. Pioneer translational advances in cutaneous and musculoskeletal regenerative medicine continuously demonstrate the therapeutic potential of FPCs. Extensive technical and clinical hindsight was gathered by managing pediatric burns and geriatric ulcers in Switzerland. Concomitant industrial transposition of dermal FPC banking, following good manufacturing practices, demonstrated the extensive potential of their therapeutic value. Furthermore, in extenso, exponential revalorization of Swiss FPC technology may be achieved via the renewal of integrative model frameworks. Consideration of both longitudinal and transversal aspects of simultaneous fetal tissue differential processing allows for a better understanding of the quasi-infinite expansion potential within multi-tiered primary FPC banking. Multiple fetal tissues (e.g., skin, cartilage, tendon, muscle, bone, lung) may be simultaneously harvested and processed for adherent cell cultures, establishing a unique model for sustainable therapeutic cellular material supply chains. Here, we integrated fundamental, preclinical, clinical, and industrial developments embodying the scientific advances supported by Swiss FPC banking and we focused on advances made to date for FPCs that may be derived from a single organ donation. A renewed model of single organ donation bioprocessing is proposed, achieving sustained standards and potential production of billions of affordable and efficient therapeutic doses. Thereby, the aim is to validate the core therapeutic value proposition, to increase awareness and use of standardized protocols for translational regenerative medicine, potentially impacting millions of patients suffering from cutaneous and musculoskeletal diseases. Alternative applications of FPC banking include biopharmaceutical therapeutic product manufacturing, thereby indirectly and synergistically enhancing the power of modern therapeutic armamentariums. It is hypothesized that a single qualifying fetal organ donation is sufficient to sustain decades of scientific, medical, and industrial developments, as technological optimization and standardization enable high efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexis Laurent
- Regenerative Therapy Unit, Lausanne University Hospital, University of Lausanne, Épalinges, Switzerland
- Tec-Pharma SA, Bercher, Switzerland
- LAM Biotechnologies SA, Épalinges, Switzerland
| | - Nathalie Hirt-Burri
- Regenerative Therapy Unit, Lausanne University Hospital, University of Lausanne, Épalinges, Switzerland
| | - Corinne Scaletta
- Regenerative Therapy Unit, Lausanne University Hospital, University of Lausanne, Épalinges, Switzerland
| | - Murielle Michetti
- Regenerative Therapy Unit, Lausanne University Hospital, University of Lausanne, Épalinges, Switzerland
| | - Anthony S. de Buys Roessingh
- Children and Adolescent Surgery Service, Lausanne University Hospital, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Wassim Raffoul
- Plastic, Reconstructive and Hand Surgery Service, Lausanne University Hospital, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Lee Ann Applegate
- Regenerative Therapy Unit, Lausanne University Hospital, University of Lausanne, Épalinges, Switzerland
- Oxford Suzhou Center for Advanced Research, Science and Technology Co., Ltd., Oxford University, Suzhou, China
- Competence Center for Applied Biotechnology and Molecular Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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7
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Zheng J, Yun W, Park J, Kang PJ, Lee G, Song G, Kim IY, You S. Long-term expansion of directly reprogrammed keratinocyte-like cells and in vitro reconstitution of human skin. J Biomed Sci 2020; 27:56. [PMID: 32312260 PMCID: PMC7171822 DOI: 10.1186/s12929-020-00642-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2019] [Accepted: 03/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Human keratinocytes and derived products are crucial for skin repair and regeneration. Despite substantial advances in engineered skin equivalents, their poor availability and immunorejection remain major challenges in skin grafting. Methods Induced keratinocyte-like cells (iKCs) were directly reprogrammed from human urine cells by retroviral transduction of two lineage-specific transcription factors BMI1 and △NP63α (BN). Expression of keratinocyte stem cell or their differentiation markers were assessed by PCR, immunofluorescence and RNA-Sequencing. Regeneration capacity of iKCs were assessed by reconstitution of a human skin equivalent under air-interface condition. Results BN-driven iKCs were similar to primary keratinocytes (pKCs) in terms of their morphology, protein expression, differentiation potential, and global gene expression. Moreover, BN-iKCs self-assembled to form stratified skin equivalents in vitro. Conclusions This study demonstrated an approach to generate human iKCs that could be directly reprogrammed from human somatic cells and extensively expanded in serum- and feeder cell-free systems, which will facilitate their broad applicability in an efficient and patient-specific manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Zheng
- Laboratory of Cell Function Regulation, Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea.,Institute of Animal Molecular Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Wonjin Yun
- Laboratory of Cell Function Regulation, Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea.,Institute of Animal Molecular Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Junghyun Park
- Laboratory of Cell Function Regulation, Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea.,Institute of Animal Molecular Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Phil Jun Kang
- Laboratory of Cell Function Regulation, Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea.,Institute of Animal Molecular Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Gilju Lee
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, Korea University Guro Hospital, Seoul, 08308, Republic of Korea
| | - Gwonhwa Song
- Institute of Animal Molecular Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea.
| | - In Yong Kim
- Laboratory of Cell Function Regulation, Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea.
| | - Seungkwon You
- Laboratory of Cell Function Regulation, Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea. .,Institute of Animal Molecular Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea.
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8
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Tjin MS, Chua AWC, Tryggvason K. Chemically defined and xenogeneic-free culture method for human epidermal keratinocytes on laminin-based matrices. Nat Protoc 2020; 15:694-711. [DOI: 10.1038/s41596-019-0270-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2019] [Accepted: 11/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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9
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Clinical Application of Cultured Stratified Epithelial Sheets Grown Under Feeder or Feeder-Free Conditions for Stable Vitiligo. Dermatol Surg 2019; 45:497-505. [PMID: 30096104 DOI: 10.1097/dss.0000000000001624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Autologous cultured therapy has emerged as an effective treatment for stable vitiligo. However, culture methods may include harmful agents and be unsuitable for therapeutic use in humans. OBJECTIVE To investigate the safety and efficacy of autologous cultured epithelial sheets propagated under serum-free and feeder-free conditions for the treatment of stable vitiligo. METHODS Twenty-eight patients with stable vitiligo were included in this study. Keratinocytes and melanocytes from 14 patients were cultured under serum-free, feeder-free conditions (Group A). Epithelial cells from the remaining 14 patients were cultured according to Rheinward and Green's technique (Group B). Patients were followed up at 1, 3, 6, and 12 months after transplantation. RESULTS The epithelial sheets cultured in Group A were thinner and more fragile than Group B, but there were no significant differences in repigmentation between the 2 groups. At 12-month follow-up, in Group A, repigmentation at graft sites was classified as excellent in 9 patients and good in 2 patients. In Group B, repigmentation was excellent in 8 patients and good in 4 patients. Scars at the donor sites were the most frequent adverse events associated with the procedure. CONCLUSION Autologous epithelial sheet cultured in serum-free, feeder-free conditions is a safe and efficacious approach to cure stable vitiligo.
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10
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Commentary on Clinical Application of Cultured Stratified Epithelial Sheets Grown Under Feeder or Feeder-Free Conditions for Stable Vitiligo. Dermatol Surg 2019; 45:506-507. [PMID: 30865023 DOI: 10.1097/dss.0000000000001891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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11
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Xian W, Duleba M, Yamamoto Y, Vincent M, McKeon F. Biobanking Organoids or Ground-State Stem Cells? J Clin Med 2018; 7:E555. [PMID: 30558346 PMCID: PMC6306851 DOI: 10.3390/jcm7120555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2018] [Revised: 12/05/2018] [Accepted: 12/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Autologous transplantation of human epidermal stem cells cultured in Green's method is one of the first examples of utilizing adult stem cells in regenerative medicine. Using the same method, we cloned p63-expressing distal airway stem cells and showed their essential role in lung regeneration in a mouse model of acute respiratory distress syndrome. However, adult stem cells of columnar epithelial tissues had until recently evaded all attempts at cloning. To address this issue, we developed a novel technology that enabled cloning ground-state stem cells of the columnar epithelium. The adaption of this technology to clone stem cells of cancer precursors furthered our understanding of the dynamics of processes such as clonal evolution and dominance in Barrett's esophagus, as well as for testing platforms for chemical screening. Taken together, the properties of these ground-state stem cells, including unlimited propagation, genomic stability, and regio-specificity, make them ideal for regenerative medicine, disease modeling and drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wa Xian
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, McGovern Medical School of University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Texas McGovern Medical School, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
| | - Marcin Duleba
- Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204, USA.
| | - Yusuke Yamamoto
- Division of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tokyo 1040045, Japan.
| | | | - Frank McKeon
- Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204, USA.
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12
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Reynolds LJ, Chavan NR, DeHoff LB, Preston JD, Maddox HF, O'Brien JM, Armstrong DA, Marsit CJ, Pearson KJ. Smoking during pregnancy increases chemerin expression in neonatal tissue. Exp Physiol 2018; 104:93-99. [PMID: 30565770 PMCID: PMC6312488 DOI: 10.1113/ep087307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2018] [Accepted: 10/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
NEW FINDINGS What is the central question of this study? Is chemerin, an adipokine implicated in obesity, increased in neonates following in utero cigarette smoke exposure. What is the main finding and its importance? Chemerin mRNA expression was increased and chemerin DNA methylation was decreased in babies born to mothers who smoked during pregnancy. These data provide a potential mechanism that may be mediating the increased obesity risk in individuals that are born to mothers who smoked during pregnancy. ABSTRACT It has been shown that in utero tobacco exposure increases offspring risk for obesity, but the mechanisms responsible for this increased risk are not well understood. Chemerin is an adipokine that regulates adipocyte differentiation. This chemokine is elevated in obese individuals and with smoke exposure, but its levels have not been measured in neonates exposed to cigarette smoke in utero. We examined chemerin gene expression [n = 31 non-smoker (NS) and 15 smoker (S)] and DNA methylation (n = 28 NS and n = 11 S) in skin collected from babies born to mothers who smoked during pregnancy as compared to non-smoking controls. Quality RNA and DNA were isolated from foreskin tissue following circumcision, and chemerin gene expression and DNA methylation were assessed. Further, in a second cohort, we utilized primary dermal foreskin fibroblasts as a functional measure of adipogenesis in living cells (n = 11 NS and n = 8 S). Cells were stimulated with an adipogenic cocktail, mRNA was isolated from cells after 14 days, and chemerin gene expression assessed via real-time PCR. Chemerin mRNA was elevated in both whole tissue (NS: 2409.20 ± 555.28 counts and S: 2966.72 ± 636.84 counts; P < 0.01) and primary fibroblasts (NS: 1.12 ± <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mml:mrow><mml:mn>0.55</mml:mn> <mml:mspace/> <mml:msup><mml:mn>2</mml:mn> <mml:mrow><mml:mi>Δ</mml:mi> <mml:mi>Δ</mml:mi> <mml:msub><mml:mi>C</mml:mi> <mml:mi>T</mml:mi></mml:msub> </mml:mrow> </mml:msup> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> and S: 2.13 ± <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mml:mrow><mml:mn>1.34</mml:mn> <mml:mspace/> <mml:msup><mml:mn>2</mml:mn> <mml:mrow><mml:mi>Δ</mml:mi> <mml:mi>Δ</mml:mi> <mml:msub><mml:mi>C</mml:mi> <mml:mi>T</mml:mi></mml:msub> </mml:mrow> </mml:msup> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> ; P = 0.04) collected from infants born to smoking mothers. Chemerin DNA methylation was reduced in whole tissue of offspring born to smokers (NS: 4.18 ± 1.28 and S: 3.07 ± 1.31%; P = 0.02), which may contribute to the increased gene expression. Neonates born to mothers who smoke during pregnancy exhibit distinct changes in chemerin gene expression in response to in utero tobacco smoke exposure which are regulated in part by epigenetic alterations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leryn J Reynolds
- Department of Human Movement Sciences, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, VA, USA.,Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Niraj R Chavan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Logan B DeHoff
- Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Joshua D Preston
- Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Hannah F Maddox
- Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - John M O'Brien
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - David A Armstrong
- Department of Medicine, Dartmouth College, Lebanon, NH, USA.,Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH, USA
| | - Carmen J Marsit
- Department of Environmental Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Kevin J Pearson
- Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, KY, USA
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13
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Hassanzadeh H, Matin MM, Naderi-Meshkin H, Bidkhori HR, Mirahmadi M, Raeesolmohaddeseen M, Sanjar-Moussavi N, Bahrami AR. Using paracrine effects of Ad-MSCs on keratinocyte cultivation and fabrication of epidermal sheets for improving clinical applications. Cell Tissue Bank 2018; 19:531-547. [PMID: 30105667 DOI: 10.1007/s10561-018-9702-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2018] [Accepted: 05/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Recent advances in wound healing have made cell therapy a potential approach for the treatment of various types of skin defects such as trauma, burns, scars and diabetic leg ulcers. Cultured keratinocytes have been applied to burn patients since 1981. Patients with acute and chronic wounds can be treated with autologous/allograft cultured keratinocytes. There are various methods for cultivation of epidermal keratinocytes used in cell therapy. One of the important properties of an efficient cell therapy is the preservation of epidermal stem cells. Mesenchymal Stem Cells (MSCs) are major regulatory cells involved in the acceleration of wound healing via induction of cell proliferation, angiogenesis and stimulating the release of paracrine signaling molecules. Considering the beneficial effects of MSCs on wound healing, the main aim of the present study is investigating paracrine effects of Adipose-derived Mesenchymal Stem Cell (Ad-MSCs) on cultivation of keratinocytes with focusing on preservation of stem cells and their differentiation process. We further introduced a new approach for culturing isolated keratinocytes in vitro in order to generate epidermal keratinocyte sheets without using a feeder layer. To do so, Ad-MSC conditioned medium was applied as an alternative to commercial media for keratinocyte cultivation. In this study, the expression of several stem/progenitor cell (P63, K19 and K14) and differentition (K10, IVL and FLG) markers was examined using real time PCR on days 7, 14 and 21 of culture in keratinocytes in Ad-MSC conditioned medium. P63 and α6 integrin expression was also evaluated via flow cytometry. The results were compared with control group including keratinocytes cultured in EpiLife medium and our data indicated that this Ad-MSC conditioned medium is a good alternative for keratinocyte cultivation and producing epidermal sheets for therapeutic and clinical purposes. The reasons are the expression of stem cell and differentiation markers and overcoming the requirement for feeder layer which leads to a xenograft-free transplantation. Besides, this approach has low cost and is easier to perform. However, more in vitro and in vivo experiments as well as safety evaluation required before clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Halimeh Hassanzadeh
- Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Research Group, Iranian Academic Center for Education, Culture and Research (ACECR), Khorasan Razavi Branch, Mashhad, Iran.,Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Maryam M Matin
- Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Research Group, Iranian Academic Center for Education, Culture and Research (ACECR), Khorasan Razavi Branch, Mashhad, Iran. .,Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran. .,Novel Diagnostics and Therapeutics Research Group, Institute of Biotechnology, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran.
| | - Hojjat Naderi-Meshkin
- Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Research Group, Iranian Academic Center for Education, Culture and Research (ACECR), Khorasan Razavi Branch, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Hamid Reza Bidkhori
- Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Research Group, Iranian Academic Center for Education, Culture and Research (ACECR), Khorasan Razavi Branch, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mahdi Mirahmadi
- Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Research Group, Iranian Academic Center for Education, Culture and Research (ACECR), Khorasan Razavi Branch, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mahmood Raeesolmohaddeseen
- Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Research Group, Iranian Academic Center for Education, Culture and Research (ACECR), Khorasan Razavi Branch, Mashhad, Iran
| | | | - Ahmad Reza Bahrami
- Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Research Group, Iranian Academic Center for Education, Culture and Research (ACECR), Khorasan Razavi Branch, Mashhad, Iran. .,Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran. .,Novel Diagnostics and Therapeutics Research Group, Institute of Biotechnology, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran.
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14
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Kirby GT, Michelmore A, Smith LE, Whittle JD, Short RD. Cell sheets in cell therapies. Cytotherapy 2018; 20:169-180. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcyt.2017.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2017] [Revised: 09/28/2017] [Accepted: 11/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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15
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Watt SM, Pleat JM. Stem cells, niches and scaffolds: Applications to burns and wound care. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2018; 123:82-106. [PMID: 29106911 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2017.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2017] [Revised: 10/19/2017] [Accepted: 10/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The importance of skin to survival, and the devastating physical and psychological consequences of scarring following reparative healing of extensive or difficult to heal human wounds, cannot be disputed. We discuss the significant challenges faced by patients and healthcare providers alike in treating these wounds. New state of the art technologies have provided remarkable insights into the role of skin stem and progenitor cells and their niches in maintaining skin homeostasis and in reparative wound healing. Based on this knowledge, we examine different approaches to repair extensive burn injury and chronic wounds, including full and split thickness skin grafts, temporising matrices and scaffolds, and composite cultured skin products. Notable developments include next generation skin substitutes to replace split thickness skin autografts and next generation gene editing coupled with cell therapies to treat genodermatoses. Further refinements are predicted with the advent of bioprinting technologies, and newly defined biomaterials and autologous cell sources that can be engineered to more accurately replicate human skin architecture, function and cosmesis. These advances will undoubtedly improve quality of life for patients with extensive burns and difficult to heal wounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suzanne M Watt
- Stem Cell Research, Nuffield Division of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford OX3 9BQ, UK.
| | - Jonathan M Pleat
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, North Bristol NHS Trust and University of Bristol, Westbury on Trym, Bristol BS9 3TZ, UK.
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16
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Xian W, Duleba M, Qi Y, Mahalingam R, Vincent M, McKeon F. Ground-State Stem Cells: A Novel Approach for Adult Stem Cell Research. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018; 2:7-10. [PMID: 30957106 DOI: 10.29245/2578-2940/2018/6.1140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
A robust and reliable culture system of adult stem cells is essential for applying the cutting-edge technologies of drug screening, gene editing, and genomics to stem cell research necessary for breakthroughs in this field. In addition, personalized regenerative medicine based on autologous transplantation requires our ability to clone and expand the numbers of these stem cells in vitro. In comparison to the 3D "organoid" culture system that shows limited ability to propagate stem cells as the majority of cells are differentiated or transit amplifying cells, ground-state stem cell culture system is a novel technology that permits long-lived adult stem cells to maintain immaturity, self-renewal capacity, multi-potency and genomic stability despite long-term culturing in a 2D system. The robustness, reliability and easy-to-use features of this new technology bypass the deficiencies of 3D organoid culture systems and provided unlimited stem cell sources for research, therapeutic use, and drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wa Xian
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, McGovern Medical School of University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, Texas 77030, USA.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Texas McGovern Medical School, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Marcin Duleba
- Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Houston, Houston, Texas 77204, USA
| | - Yutao Qi
- Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Houston, Houston, Texas 77204, USA
| | - Rajasekaran Mahalingam
- Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Houston, Houston, Texas 77204, USA
| | - Matthew Vincent
- Tract Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Marlborough, Massachusetts 01752, USA
| | - Frank McKeon
- Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Houston, Houston, Texas 77204, USA
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17
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Martinovich KM, Iosifidis T, Buckley AG, Looi K, Ling KM, Sutanto EN, Kicic-Starcevich E, Garratt LW, Shaw NC, Montgomery S, Lannigan FJ, Knight DA, Kicic A, Stick SM. Conditionally reprogrammed primary airway epithelial cells maintain morphology, lineage and disease specific functional characteristics. Sci Rep 2017; 7:17971. [PMID: 29269735 PMCID: PMC5740081 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-17952-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2016] [Accepted: 12/04/2017] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Current limitations to primary cell expansion led us to test whether airway epithelial cells derived from healthy children and those with asthma and cystic fibrosis (CF), co-cultured with an irradiated fibroblast feeder cell in F-medium containing 10 µM ROCK inhibitor could maintain their lineage during expansion and whether this is influenced by underlying disease status. Here, we show that conditionally reprogrammed airway epithelial cells (CRAECs) can be established from both healthy and diseased phenotypes. CRAECs can be expanded, cryopreserved and maintain phenotypes over at least 5 passages. Population doublings of CRAEC cultures were significantly greater than standard cultures, but maintained their lineage characteristics. CRAECs from all phenotypes were also capable of fully differentiating at air-liquid interface (ALI) and maintained disease specific characteristics including; defective CFTR channel function cultures and the inability to repair wounds. Our findings indicate that CRAECs derived from children maintain lineage, phenotypic and importantly disease-specific functional characteristics over a specified passage range.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly M Martinovich
- Telethon Kids Institute, Centre for Health Research, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Thomas Iosifidis
- School of Paediatrics and Child Health, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, Australia.,Centre for Cell Therapy and Regenerative Medicine, School of Medicine and Pharmacology, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Alysia G Buckley
- Centre of Microscopy, Characterisation and Analysis, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Kevin Looi
- Telethon Kids Institute, Centre for Health Research, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Kak-Ming Ling
- Telethon Kids Institute, Centre for Health Research, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Erika N Sutanto
- Telethon Kids Institute, Centre for Health Research, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Elizabeth Kicic-Starcevich
- Telethon Kids Institute, Centre for Health Research, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Luke W Garratt
- Telethon Kids Institute, Centre for Health Research, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Nicole C Shaw
- Telethon Kids Institute, Centre for Health Research, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Samuel Montgomery
- Telethon Kids Institute, Centre for Health Research, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Francis J Lannigan
- School of Paediatrics and Child Health, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Darryl A Knight
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia.,Priority Research Centre for Asthma and Respiratory Disease, Hunter Medical Research Institute, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia.,Department of Anesthesiology, Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Anthony Kicic
- Telethon Kids Institute, Centre for Health Research, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, Australia. .,School of Paediatrics and Child Health, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, Australia. .,Centre for Cell Therapy and Regenerative Medicine, School of Medicine and Pharmacology, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia. .,Department of Respiratory Medicine, Princess Margaret Hospital for Children, Perth, Western Australia, Australia. .,Occupation and Environment, School of Public Health, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia.
| | - Stephen M Stick
- Telethon Kids Institute, Centre for Health Research, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, Australia.,School of Paediatrics and Child Health, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, Australia.,Centre for Cell Therapy and Regenerative Medicine, School of Medicine and Pharmacology, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia.,Department of Respiratory Medicine, Princess Margaret Hospital for Children, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
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18
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Increased birth weight is associated with altered gene expression in neonatal foreskin. J Dev Orig Health Dis 2017; 8:575-583. [PMID: 28482944 DOI: 10.1017/s2040174417000290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Elevated birth weight is linked to glucose intolerance and obesity health-related complications later in life. No studies have examined if infant birth weight is associated with gene expression markers of obesity and inflammation in a tissue that comes directly from the infant following birth. We evaluated the association between birth weight and gene expression on fetal programming of obesity. Foreskin samples were collected following circumcision, and gene expression analyzed comparing the 15% greatest birth weight infants (n=7) v. the remainder of the cohort (n=40). Multivariate linear regression models were fit to relate expression levels on differentially expressed genes to birth weight group with adjustment for variables selected from a list of maternal and infant characteristics. Glucose transporter type 4 (GLUT4), insulin receptor substrate 2 (IRS2), leptin receptor (LEPR), lipoprotein lipase (LPL), low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 1 (LRP1), matrix metalloproteinase 2 (MMP2), plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) and transcription factor 7-like 2 (TCF7L2) were significantly upregulated and histone deacetylase 1 (HDAC1) and thioredoxin (TXN) downregulated in the larger birth weight neonates v. CONTROLS Multivariate modeling revealed that the estimated adjusted birth weight group difference exceeded one standard deviation of the expression level for eight of the 10 genes. Between 25 and 50% of variation in expression level was explained by multivariate modeling for eight of the 10 genes. Gene expression related to glycemic control, appetite/energy balance, obesity and inflammation were altered in tissue from babies with elevated birth weight, and these genes may provide important information regarding fetal programming in macrosomic babies.
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19
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Martin YH, Jubin K, Smalley S, Wong JPF, Brown RA, Metcalfe AD. A novel system for expansion and delivery of human keratinocytes for the treatment of severe cutaneous injuries using microcarriers and compressed collagen. J Tissue Eng Regen Med 2017; 11:3124-3133. [PMID: 28052577 DOI: 10.1002/term.2220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2014] [Revised: 04/06/2016] [Accepted: 04/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Y. H. Martin
- Blond McIndoe Research Foundation; Queen Victoria Hospital; East Grinstead West Sussex UK
- Brighton Centre for Regenerative Medicine; University of Brighton; Brighton East Sussex UK
| | - K. Jubin
- Blond McIndoe Research Foundation; Queen Victoria Hospital; East Grinstead West Sussex UK
| | - S. Smalley
- Blond McIndoe Research Foundation; Queen Victoria Hospital; East Grinstead West Sussex UK
| | - J. P. F. Wong
- UCL Tissue Repair and Engineering Centre; University College London; London UK
| | - R. A. Brown
- UCL Tissue Repair and Engineering Centre; University College London; London UK
| | - A. D. Metcalfe
- Blond McIndoe Research Foundation; Queen Victoria Hospital; East Grinstead West Sussex UK
- Brighton Centre for Regenerative Medicine; University of Brighton; Brighton East Sussex UK
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20
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Lange J, Weil F, Riegler C, Groeber F, Rebhan S, Kurdyn S, Alb M, Kneitz H, Gelbrich G, Walles H, Mielke S. Interactions of donor sources and media influence the histo-morphological quality of full-thickness skin models. Biotechnol J 2016; 11:1352-1361. [PMID: 27599760 DOI: 10.1002/biot.201600360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2016] [Revised: 09/02/2016] [Accepted: 09/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Human artificial skin models are increasingly employed as non-animal test platforms for research and medical purposes. However, the overall histopathological quality of such models may vary significantly. Therefore, the effects of manufacturing protocols and donor sources on the quality of skin models built-up from fibroblasts and keratinocytes derived from juvenile foreskins is studied. Histo-morphological parameters such as epidermal thickness, number of epidermal cell layers, dermal thickness, dermo-epidermal adhesion and absence of cellular nuclei in the corneal layer are obtained and scored accordingly. In total, 144 full-thickness skin models derived from 16 different donors, built-up in triplicates using three different culture conditions were successfully generated. In univariate analysis both media and donor age affected the quality of skin models significantly. Both parameters remained statistically significant in multivariate analyses. Performing general linear model analyses we could show that individual medium-donor-interactions influence the quality. These observations suggest that the optimal choice of media may differ from donor to donor and coincides with findings where significant inter-individual variations of growth rates in keratinocytes and fibroblasts have been described. Thus, the consideration of individual medium-donor-interactions may improve the overall quality of human organ models thereby forming a reproducible test platform for sophisticated clinical research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Lange
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Center for Allogeneic Stem Cell Transplantation, Würzburg University Medical Center, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Frederik Weil
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Center for Allogeneic Stem Cell Transplantation, Würzburg University Medical Center, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Christoph Riegler
- Institute of Clinical Epidemiology and Biometry, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Florian Groeber
- Department of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Würzburg University Medical Center, Würzburg, Germany; Translational Center Würzburg, Regenerative Therapies in Oncology and Musculoskeletal Disease, Würzburg Branch of the Fraunhofer-Institute Interfacial Engineering and Biotechnology, IGB, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Silke Rebhan
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Center for Allogeneic Stem Cell Transplantation, Würzburg University Medical Center, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Szymon Kurdyn
- Department of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Würzburg University Medical Center, Würzburg, Germany; Translational Center Würzburg, Regenerative Therapies in Oncology and Musculoskeletal Disease, Würzburg Branch of the Fraunhofer-Institute Interfacial Engineering and Biotechnology, IGB, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Miriam Alb
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Center for Allogeneic Stem Cell Transplantation, Würzburg University Medical Center, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Hermann Kneitz
- Department of Dermatology, Section for Histopathology, Würzburg University Medical Center, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Götz Gelbrich
- Institute of Clinical Epidemiology and Biometry, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Heike Walles
- Department of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Würzburg University Medical Center, Würzburg, Germany; Translational Center Würzburg, Regenerative Therapies in Oncology and Musculoskeletal Disease, Würzburg Branch of the Fraunhofer-Institute Interfacial Engineering and Biotechnology, IGB, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Stephan Mielke
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Center for Allogeneic Stem Cell Transplantation, Würzburg University Medical Center, Würzburg, Germany.
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21
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Kawecki M, Kraut M, Klama-Baryła A, Łabuś W, Kitala D, Nowak M, Glik J, Sieroń AL, Utrata-Wesołek A, Trzebicka B, Dworak A, Szweda D. Transfer of fibroblast sheets cultured on thermoresponsive dishes with membranes. JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE. MATERIALS IN MEDICINE 2016; 27:111. [PMID: 27153827 PMCID: PMC4859842 DOI: 10.1007/s10856-016-5718-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2016] [Accepted: 04/12/2016] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
In cell or tissue engineering, it is essential to develop a support for cell-to-cell adhesion, which leads to the generation of cell sheets connected by extracellular matrix. Such supports must be hydrophobic and should result in a detachable cell sheet. A thermoresponsive support that enables the cultured cell sheet to detach using only a change in temperature could be an interesting alternative in regenerative medicine. The aim of this study was to evaluate plates covered with thermoresponsive polymers as supports for the formation of fibroblast sheets and to develop a damage-free procedure for cell sheet transfer with the use of membranes as transfer tools. Human skin fibroblasts were seeded on supports coated with a thermoresponsive polymer: commercial UpCell™ dishes (NUNC™) coated with thermoresponsive poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAM) and dishes coated with thermoresponsive poly(tri(ethylene glycol) monoethyl ether methacrylate) (P(TEGMA-EE)). Confluent fibroblast sheets were effectively cultured and harvested from both commercial PNIPAM-coated dishes and laboratory P(TEGMA-EE)-coated dishes. To transfer a detached cell sheet, two membranes, Immobilon-P(®) and SUPRATHEL(®), were examined. The use of SUPRATHEL for relocating the cell sheets opens a new possibility for the clinical treatment of wounds. This study established the background for implementing thermoresponsive supports for transplanting in vitro cultured fibroblasts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marek Kawecki
- Dr Stanislaw Sakiel Centre for Burns Treatment, Jana Pawła II 2, 41-100, Siemianowice Śląskie, Poland
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Bielsko-Biala, Willowa 2, 43-309, Bielsko-Biała, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Kraut
- Dr Stanislaw Sakiel Centre for Burns Treatment, Jana Pawła II 2, 41-100, Siemianowice Śląskie, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Klama-Baryła
- Dr Stanislaw Sakiel Centre for Burns Treatment, Jana Pawła II 2, 41-100, Siemianowice Śląskie, Poland
| | - Wojciech Łabuś
- Dr Stanislaw Sakiel Centre for Burns Treatment, Jana Pawła II 2, 41-100, Siemianowice Śląskie, Poland
| | - Diana Kitala
- Dr Stanislaw Sakiel Centre for Burns Treatment, Jana Pawła II 2, 41-100, Siemianowice Śląskie, Poland.
| | - Mariusz Nowak
- Dr Stanislaw Sakiel Centre for Burns Treatment, Jana Pawła II 2, 41-100, Siemianowice Śląskie, Poland
| | - Justyna Glik
- Dr Stanislaw Sakiel Centre for Burns Treatment, Jana Pawła II 2, 41-100, Siemianowice Śląskie, Poland
| | - Aleksander L Sieroń
- Dr Stanislaw Sakiel Centre for Burns Treatment, Jana Pawła II 2, 41-100, Siemianowice Śląskie, Poland
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Medical University of Silesia, Medyków 18, 40-752, Katowice, Poland
| | - Alicja Utrata-Wesołek
- Centre of Polymer and Carbon Materials, Polish Academy of Sciences, M. Curie-Sklodowskiej 34, 41-819, Zabrze, Poland
| | - Barbara Trzebicka
- Centre of Polymer and Carbon Materials, Polish Academy of Sciences, M. Curie-Sklodowskiej 34, 41-819, Zabrze, Poland
| | - Andrzej Dworak
- Centre of Polymer and Carbon Materials, Polish Academy of Sciences, M. Curie-Sklodowskiej 34, 41-819, Zabrze, Poland
| | - Dawid Szweda
- Centre of Polymer and Carbon Materials, Polish Academy of Sciences, M. Curie-Sklodowskiej 34, 41-819, Zabrze, Poland
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22
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Verbeken G, Huys I, De Vos D, De Coninck A, Roseeuw D, Kets E, Vanderkelen A, Draye JP, Rose T, Jennes S, Ceulemans C, Pirnay JP. Access to bacteriophage therapy: discouraging experiences from the human cell and tissue legal framework. FEMS Microbiol Lett 2015; 363:fnv241. [PMID: 26678555 DOI: 10.1093/femsle/fnv241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/14/2015] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Cultures of human epithelial cells (keratinocytes) are used as an additional surgical tool to treat critically burnt patients. Initially, the production environment of keratinocyte grafts was regulated exclusively by national regulations. In 2004, the European Tissues and Cells Directive 2004/23/EC (transposed into Belgian Law) imposed requirements that resulted in increased production costs and no significant increase in quality and/or safety. In 2007, Europe published Regulation (EC) No. 1394/2007 on Advanced Therapy Medicinal Products. Overnight, cultured keratinocytes became (arguably) 'Advanced' Therapy Medicinal Products to be produced as human medicinal products. The practical impact of these amendments was (and still is) considerable. A similar development appears imminent in bacteriophage therapy. Bacteriophages are bacterial viruses that can be used for tackling the problem of bacterial resistance development to antibiotics. Therapeutic natural bacteriophages have been in clinical use for almost 100 years. Regulators today are framing the (re-)introduction of (natural) bacteriophage therapy into 'modern western' medicine as biological medicinal products, also subject to stringent regulatory medicinal products requirements. In this paper, we look back on a century of bacteriophage therapy to make the case that therapeutic natural bacteriophages should not be classified under the medicinal product regulatory frames as they exist today. It is our call to authorities to not repeat the mistake of the past.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Verbeken
- Laboratory for Molecular and Cellular Technology, Burn Wound Centre, Queen Astrid Military Hospital, Bruynstraat 1, 1120 Brussels, Belgium Faculty of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, KU Leuven, Herestraat 49, 3000 Leuven, Belgium Department of Behavioural Sciences, Royal Military Academy, Renaissancelaan 30, 1000 Brussels, Belgium
| | - I Huys
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, KU Leuven, Herestraat 49, 3000 Leuven, Belgium KU Leuven Centre for IT & IP law, Sint Michielsstraat 6, box 3443, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - D De Vos
- Laboratory for Molecular and Cellular Technology, Burn Wound Centre, Queen Astrid Military Hospital, Bruynstraat 1, 1120 Brussels, Belgium Department of Behavioural Sciences, Royal Military Academy, Renaissancelaan 30, 1000 Brussels, Belgium
| | - A De Coninck
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Brussels (UZ Brussel), Free University Brussels, Laarbeeklaan 101, 1090 Brussels, Belgium
| | - D Roseeuw
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Brussels (UZ Brussel), Free University Brussels, Laarbeeklaan 101, 1090 Brussels, Belgium
| | - E Kets
- Burn Wound Centre, Queen Astrid Military Hospital, Bruynstraat 1, 1120 Brussels, Belgium
| | - A Vanderkelen
- Laboratory for Molecular and Cellular Technology, Burn Wound Centre, Queen Astrid Military Hospital, Bruynstraat 1, 1120 Brussels, Belgium
| | - J P Draye
- Laboratory for Molecular and Cellular Technology, Burn Wound Centre, Queen Astrid Military Hospital, Bruynstraat 1, 1120 Brussels, Belgium
| | - T Rose
- Laboratory for Molecular and Cellular Technology, Burn Wound Centre, Queen Astrid Military Hospital, Bruynstraat 1, 1120 Brussels, Belgium Burn Wound Centre, Queen Astrid Military Hospital, Bruynstraat 1, 1120 Brussels, Belgium
| | - S Jennes
- Burn Wound Centre, Queen Astrid Military Hospital, Bruynstraat 1, 1120 Brussels, Belgium
| | - C Ceulemans
- Department of Behavioural Sciences, Royal Military Academy, Renaissancelaan 30, 1000 Brussels, Belgium
| | - J P Pirnay
- Laboratory for Molecular and Cellular Technology, Burn Wound Centre, Queen Astrid Military Hospital, Bruynstraat 1, 1120 Brussels, Belgium
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Strudwick XL, Lang DL, Smith LE, Cowin AJ. Combination of low calcium with Y-27632 rock inhibitor increases the proliferative capacity, expansion potential and lifespan of primary human keratinocytes while retaining their capacity to differentiate into stratified epidermis in a 3D skin model. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0123651. [PMID: 25874771 PMCID: PMC4395222 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0123651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2014] [Accepted: 02/25/2015] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Human keratinocytes are difficult to isolate and have a limited lifespan. Traditionally, immortalised keratinocyte cell lines are used in vitro due to their ability to bypass senescence and survive indefinitely. However these cells do not fully retain their ability to differentiate in vitro and they are unable to form a normal stratum corneum in organotypic culture. Here we aimed to generate a pool of phenotypically similar keratinocytes from human donors that could be used in monolayer culture, without a fibroblast feeder layer, and in 3D human skin equivalent models. Primary human neonatal epidermal keratinocytes (HEKn) were cultured in low calcium, (0.07mM) media, +/-10μM Y-27632 ROCK inhibitor (HEKn-CaY). mRNA and protein was extracted and expression of differentiation markers Keratin 14 (K14), Keratin 10 (K10) and Involucrin (Inv) assessed by qRT-PCR and Western blotting. The differentiation potential of the HEKn-CaY cultures was assessed by increasing calcium levels and removing the Y-27632 for 72hrs prior to assessment of K14, K10 and Inv. The ability of the HEKn-CaY, to form a stratified epithelium was assessed using a human skin equivalent (HSE) model in the absence of Y-27632. Increased proliferative capacity, expansion potential and lifespan of HEKn was observed with the combination of low calcium and 10μM ROCK inhibitor Y-27632. The removal of Y-27632 and the addition of high calcium to induce differentiation allowed the cells to behave as primary keratinocytes even after extended serial passaging. Prolonged lifespan HEK-CaYs were capable of forming an organised stratified epidermis in 3D HSE cultures, demonstrating their ability to fully stratify and retain their original, primary characteristics. In conclusion, the use of 0.07mM Calcium and 10μM Y-27632 in HEKn monocultures provides the opportunity to culture primary human keratinocytes without a cell feeder layer for extended periods of culture whilst retaining their ability to differentiate and form a stratified epithelium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xanthe L. Strudwick
- Regenerative Medicine, Mawson Institute, University of South Australia, Mawson Lakes, Australia
| | - Debbie L. Lang
- Regenerative Medicine, Mawson Institute, University of South Australia, Mawson Lakes, Australia
| | - Louise E. Smith
- Regenerative Medicine, Mawson Institute, University of South Australia, Mawson Lakes, Australia
| | - Allison J. Cowin
- Regenerative Medicine, Mawson Institute, University of South Australia, Mawson Lakes, Australia
- * E-mail:
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Llames S, García-Pérez E, Meana Á, Larcher F, del Río M. Feeder Layer Cell Actions and Applications. TISSUE ENGINEERING PART B-REVIEWS 2015; 21:345-53. [PMID: 25659081 DOI: 10.1089/ten.teb.2014.0547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Cultures of growth-arrested feeder cells have been used for years to promote cell proliferation, particularly with low-density inocula. Basically, feeder cells consist in a layer of cells unable to divide, which provides extracellular secretions to help another cell to proliferate. It differs from a coculture system because only one cell type is capable to proliferate. It is known that feeder cells support the growth of target cells by releasing growth factors to the culture media, but this is not the only way that feeder cells promote the growth of target cells. In this work, we discuss the different mechanisms of action of feeder cells, tackling questions as to why for some cell cultures the presence of feeder cell layers is mandatory, while in some other cases, the growth of target cells can be achieved with just a conditioned medium. Different treatments to avoid feeder cells to proliferate are revised, not only the classical treatments as mitomycin or γ-irradiation but also the not so common treatments as electric pulses or chemical fixation. Regenerative medicine has been gaining importance in recent years as a discipline that moves biomedical technology from the laboratory to the patients. In this context, human stem and pluripotent cells play an important role, but the presence of feeder cells is necessary for these progenitor cells to grow and differentiate. This review addresses recent specific applications, including those associated to the growth of embryonic and induced pluripotent stem cells. In addition, we have also dealt with safety issues, including feeder cell sources, as major factors of concern for clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Llames
- 1 Tissue Engineering Unit, Centro Comunitario de Sangre y Tejidos del Principado de Asturias, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER U714) , Oviedo, Spain
| | - Eva García-Pérez
- 1 Tissue Engineering Unit, Centro Comunitario de Sangre y Tejidos del Principado de Asturias, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER U714) , Oviedo, Spain .,2 TERMEG, Department of Bioengineering, Universidad Carlos III de Madrid (UC3M) , Madrid, Spain
| | - Álvaro Meana
- 1 Tissue Engineering Unit, Centro Comunitario de Sangre y Tejidos del Principado de Asturias, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER U714) , Oviedo, Spain
| | - Fernando Larcher
- 2 TERMEG, Department of Bioengineering, Universidad Carlos III de Madrid (UC3M) , Madrid, Spain .,3 Epithelial Biomedicine Division, CIEMAT, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER U714) , Madrid, Spain
| | - Marcela del Río
- 2 TERMEG, Department of Bioengineering, Universidad Carlos III de Madrid (UC3M) , Madrid, Spain .,3 Epithelial Biomedicine Division, CIEMAT, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER U714) , Madrid, Spain .,4 Instituto de Investigaciones Fundación Jiménez Díaz , Madrid, Spain
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25
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Sequential cultivation of human epidermal keratinocytes and dermal mesenchymal like stromal cells in vitro. Cytotechnology 2015; 68:1009-18. [PMID: 25698160 DOI: 10.1007/s10616-015-9857-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2014] [Accepted: 02/09/2015] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Human skin has continuous self-renewal potential throughout adult life and serves as first line of defence. Its cellular components such as human epidermal keratinocytes (HEKs) and dermal mesenchymal stromal cells (DMSCs) are valuable resources for wound healing applications and cell based therapies. Here we show a simple, scalable and cost-effective method for sequential isolation and propagation of HEKs and DMSCs under defined culture conditions. Human skin biopsy samples obtained surgically were cut into fine pieces and cultured employing explant technique. Plated skin samples attached and showed outgrowth of HEKs. Gross microscopic examination displayed polygonal cells with a granular cytoplasm and H&E staining revealed archetypal HEK morphology. RT-PCR and immunocytochemistry authenticated the presence of key HEK markers including trans-membrane protein epithelial cadherin (E-cadherin), keratins and cytokeratin. After collection of HEKs by trypsin-EDTA treatment, mother explants were left intact and cultured further. Interestingly, we observed the appearance of another cell type with fibroblastic or stromal morphology which were able to grow up to 15 passages in vitro. Growth pattern, expression of cytoskeletal protein vimentin, surface proteins such as CD44, CD73, CD90, CD166 and mesodermal differentiation potential into osteocytes, adipocytes and chondrocytes confirmed their bonafide mesenchymal stem cell like status. These findings albeit preliminary may open up significant opportunities for novel applications in wound healing.
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26
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Gardien KLM, Middelkoop E, Ulrich MMW. Progress towards cell-based burn wound treatments. Regen Med 2015; 9:201-18. [PMID: 24750061 DOI: 10.2217/rme.13.97] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cell therapy as part of the concept of regenerative medicine represents an upcoming platform technology. Although cultured epidermal cells have been used in burn treatment for decades, new developments have renewed the interest in this type of treatment. Whereas early results were hampered by long culture times in order to produce confluent sheets of keratinocytes, undifferentiated proliferating cells can nowadays be applied on burns with different application techniques. The application of cells on carriers has improved early as well as long-term results in experimental settings. The results of several commercially available epidermal substitutes for burn wound treatment are reviewed in this article. These data clearly demonstrate a lack of randomized comparative trials and application of measurable outcome parameters. Experimental research in culture systems and animal models has demonstrated new developments and proof of concepts of further improvements in epidermal coverage. These include combinations of epidermal cells and mesenchymal stem cells, and the guidance of both material and cell interactions towards regeneration of skin appendages as well as vascular and nerve structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kim L M Gardien
- Department of Plastic Reconstructive & Hand Surgery, MOVE Research Institute, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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27
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Lenihan C, Rogers C, Metcalfe AD, Martin YH. The effect of isolation and culture methods on epithelial stem cell populations and their progeny—toward an improved cell expansion protocol for clinical application. Cytotherapy 2014; 16:1750-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcyt.2014.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2014] [Revised: 05/09/2014] [Accepted: 06/08/2014] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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Epidermal healing in burns: autologous keratinocyte transplantation as a standard procedure: update and perspective. PLASTIC AND RECONSTRUCTIVE SURGERY-GLOBAL OPEN 2014; 2:e218. [PMID: 25426401 PMCID: PMC4229277 DOI: 10.1097/gox.0000000000000176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2014] [Accepted: 07/11/2014] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Background: Treatment of burned patients is a tricky clinical problem not only because of the extent of the physiologic abnormalities but also because of the limited area of normal skin available. Methods: Literature indexed in the National Center (PubMed) has been reviewed using combinations of key words (burns, children, skin graft, tissue engineering, and keratinocyte grafts). Articles investigating the association between burns and graft therapeutic modalities have been considered. Further literature has been obtained by analysis of references listed in reviewed articles. Results: Severe burns are conventionally treated with split-thickness skin autografts. However, there are usually not enough skin donor sites. For years, the question of how covering the wound surface became one of the major challenges in clinical research area and several procedures were proposed. The microskin graft is one of the oldest methods to cover extensive burns. This technique of skin expansion is efficient, but results remain inconsistent. An alternative is to graft cultured human epidermal keratinocytes. However, because of several complications and labor-intensive process of preparing grafts, the initial optimism for cultured epithelial autograft has gradually declined. In an effort to solve these drawbacks, isolated epithelial cells from selecting donor site were introduced in skin transplantation. Conclusions: Cell suspensions transplanted directly to the wound is an attractive process, removing the need for attachment to a membrane before transfer and avoiding one potential source of inefficiency. Choosing an optimal donor site containing cells with high proliferative capacity is essential for graft success in burns.
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29
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Mcheik JN, Barrault C, Pedretti N, Garnier J, Juchaux F, Levard G, Morel F, Bernard FX, Lecron JC. Study of proliferation and 3D epidermal reconstruction from foreskin, auricular and trunk keratinocytes in children. Burns 2014; 41:352-8. [PMID: 25234956 DOI: 10.1016/j.burns.2014.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2014] [Revised: 05/31/2014] [Accepted: 07/06/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Severe burns in children are conventionally treated with split-thickness skin autografts or epidermal sheets. An alternative approach is to graft isolated keratinocytes. We evaluated foreskin and other anatomic sites as donor sources for autologous keratinocyte graft in children. We studied in vitro capacities of isolated keratinocytes to divide and reconstitute epidermal tissue. METHODS Keratinocytes were isolated from foreskin, auricular skin, chest and abdominal skin by enzymatic digestion. Living cell recovery, in vitro proliferation, epidermal reconstruction capacities and differentiation status were analyzed. RESULTS In vitro studies revealed the higher yield of living keratinocyte recovery from foreskin and higher potential in terms of proliferative capacity, regeneration and differentiation. Cultured keratinocytes from foreskin express lower amounts of differentiation markers than those isolated from trunk and ear. Histological analysis of reconstituted human epidermis derived from foreskin and inguinal keratinocytes showed a structured multilayered epithelium, whereas those obtained from ear pinna-derived keratinocytes were unstructured. CONCLUSION Our studies highlight the potential of foreskin tissue for autograft applications in boys. A suitable alternative donor site for autologous cell transplantation in female paediatric burn patients remains an open question in our department. We tested the hypothesis that in vitro studies and RHE reconstructive capacities of cells from different body sites can be helpful to select an optimal site for keratinocyte isolation before considering graft protocols for girls.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiad N Mcheik
- Service de Chirurgie Pédiatrique, CHU de Poitiers, Poitiers, France; Laboratoire Inflammation, Tissus Epithéliaux et Cytokines (LITEC), Université de Poitiers, Poitiers, France.
| | | | | | | | | | - Guillaume Levard
- Service de Chirurgie Pédiatrique, CHU de Poitiers, Poitiers, France
| | - Frank Morel
- Laboratoire Inflammation, Tissus Epithéliaux et Cytokines (LITEC), Université de Poitiers, Poitiers, France
| | - François-Xavier Bernard
- Laboratoire Inflammation, Tissus Epithéliaux et Cytokines (LITEC), Université de Poitiers, Poitiers, France; BIOalternatives, Gençay, France
| | - Jean-Claude Lecron
- Laboratoire Inflammation, Tissus Epithéliaux et Cytokines (LITEC), Université de Poitiers, Poitiers, France; Laboratoire d'Immunologie et Inflammation, CHU de Poitiers, Poitiers, France
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30
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Abstract
The global threat to public health posed by emerging multidrug-resistant bacteria in the past few years necessitates the development of novel approaches to combat bacterial infections. Endolysins encoded by bacterial viruses (or phages) represent one promising avenue of investigation. These enzyme-based antibacterials efficiently kill Gram-positive bacteria upon contact by specific cell wall hydrolysis. However, a major hurdle in their exploitation as antibacterials against Gram-negative pathogens is the impermeable lipopolysaccharide layer surrounding their cell wall. Therefore, we developed and optimized an approach to engineer these enzymes as outer membrane-penetrating endolysins (Artilysins), rendering them highly bactericidal against Gram-negative pathogens, including Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Acinetobacter baumannii. Artilysins combining a polycationic nonapeptide and a modular endolysin are able to kill these (multidrug-resistant) strains in vitro with a 4 to 5 log reduction within 30 min. We show that the activity of Artilysins can be further enhanced by the presence of a linker of increasing length between the peptide and endolysin or by a combination of both polycationic and hydrophobic/amphipathic peptides. Time-lapse microscopy confirmed the mode of action of polycationic Artilysins, showing that they pass the outer membrane to degrade the peptidoglycan with subsequent cell lysis. Artilysins are effective in vitro (human keratinocytes) and in vivo (Caenorhabditis elegans). Bacterial resistance to most commonly used antibiotics is a major challenge of the 21st century. Infections that cannot be treated by first-line antibiotics lead to increasing morbidity and mortality, while millions of dollars are spent each year by health care systems in trying to control antibiotic-resistant bacteria and to prevent cross-transmission of resistance. Endolysins—enzymes derived from bacterial viruses—represent a completely novel, promising class of antibacterials based on cell wall hydrolysis. Specifically, they are active against Gram-positive species, which lack a protective outer membrane and which have a low probability of resistance development. We modified endolysins by protein engineering to create Artilysins that are able to pass the outer membrane and become active against Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Acinetobacter baumannii, two of the most hazardous drug-resistant Gram-negative pathogens.
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31
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Pirnay JP, Vanderkelen A, De Vos D, Draye JP, Rose T, Ceulemans C, Ectors N, Huys I, Jennes S, Verbeken G. Business oriented EU human cell and tissue product legislation will adversely impact Member States' health care systems. Cell Tissue Bank 2013; 14:525-60. [PMID: 24052113 PMCID: PMC3838781 DOI: 10.1007/s10561-013-9397-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2013] [Accepted: 09/02/2013] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
The transplantation of conventional human cell and tissue grafts, such as heart valve replacements and skin for severely burnt patients, has saved many lives over the last decades. The late eighties saw the emergence of tissue engineering with the focus on the development of biological substitutes that restore or improve tissue function. In the nineties, at the height of the tissue engineering hype, industry incited policymakers to create a European regulatory environment, which would facilitate the emergence of a strong single market for tissue engineered products and their starting materials (human cells and tissues). In this paper we analyze the elaboration process of this new European Union (EU) human cell and tissue product regulatory regime—i.e. the EU Cell and Tissue Directives (EUCTDs) and the Advanced Therapy Medicinal Product (ATMP) Regulation and evaluate its impact on Member States’ health care systems. We demonstrate that the successful lobbying on key areas of regulatory and policy processes by industry, in congruence with Europe’s risk aversion and urge to promote growth and jobs, led to excessively business oriented legislation. Expensive industry oriented requirements were introduced and contentious social and ethical issues were excluded. We found indications that this new EU safety and health legislation will adversely impact Member States’ health care systems; since 30 December 2012 (the end of the ATMP transitional period) there is a clear threat to the sustainability of some lifesaving and established ATMPs that were provided by public health institutions and small and medium-sized enterprises under the frame of the EUCTDs. In the light of the current economic crisis it is not clear how social security systems will cope with the inflation of costs associated with this new regulatory regime and how priorities will be set with regard to reimbursement decisions. We argue that the ATMP Regulation should urgently be revised to focus on delivering affordable therapies to all who are in need of them and this without necessarily going to the market. The most rapid and elegant way to achieve this would be for the European Commission to publish an interpretative document on “placing on the market of ATMPs,” which keeps tailor-made and niche ATMPs outside of the scope of the medicinal product regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Paul Pirnay
- Human Cell and Tissue Banks, Laboratory for Molecular and Cellular Technology (LabMCT), Queen Astrid Military Hospital, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Alain Vanderkelen
- Human Cell and Tissue Banks, Laboratory for Molecular and Cellular Technology (LabMCT), Queen Astrid Military Hospital, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Daniel De Vos
- Human Cell and Tissue Banks, Laboratory for Molecular and Cellular Technology (LabMCT), Queen Astrid Military Hospital, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Jean-Pierre Draye
- Human Cell and Tissue Banks, Laboratory for Molecular and Cellular Technology (LabMCT), Queen Astrid Military Hospital, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Thomas Rose
- Human Cell and Tissue Banks, Laboratory for Molecular and Cellular Technology (LabMCT), Queen Astrid Military Hospital, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Carl Ceulemans
- Department of Behavioural Sciences, Royal Military Academy, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Nadine Ectors
- Tissue Banks, University Hospitals Leuven, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Isabelle Huys
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, Centre for Pharmaceutical Care and Pharmacoeconomics, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Center for Intellectual Property Rights, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Serge Jennes
- Burn Wound Centre, Queen Astrid Military Hospital, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Gilbert Verbeken
- Human Cell and Tissue Banks, Laboratory for Molecular and Cellular Technology (LabMCT), Queen Astrid Military Hospital, Brussels, Belgium
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32
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Mcheik JN, Barrault C, Pedretti N, Garnier J, Juchaux F, Levard G, Morel F, Lecron JC, Bernard FX. Foreskin-isolated keratinocytes provide successful extemporaneous autologous paediatric skin grafts. J Tissue Eng Regen Med 2013; 10:252-60. [PMID: 23495214 DOI: 10.1002/term.1690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2012] [Revised: 10/09/2012] [Accepted: 12/20/2012] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Severe burns in children are conventionally treated with split-thickness skin autografts or epidermal sheets. However, neither early complete healing nor quality of epithelialization is satisfactory. An alternative approach is to graft isolated keratinocytes. We evaluated paediatric foreskin and auricular skin as donor sources, autologous keratinocyte transplantation, and compared the graft efficiency to the in vitro capacities of isolated keratinocytes to divide and reconstitute epidermal tissue. Keratinocytes were isolated from surgical samples by enzymatic digestion. Living cell recovery, in vitro proliferation and epidermal reconstruction capacities were evaluated. Differentiation status was analysed, using qRT-PCR and immunolabelling. Eleven children were grafted with foreskin-derived (boys) or auricular (girls) keratinocyte suspensions dripped onto deep severe burns. The aesthetic and functional quality of epithelialization was monitored in a standardized way. Foreskin keratinocyte graft in male children provides for the re-epithelialization of partial deep severe burns and accelerates wound healing, thus allowing successful wound closure, and improves the quality of scars. In accordance, in vitro studies have revealed a high yield of living keratinocyte recovery from foreskin and their potential in terms of regeneration and differentiation. We report a successful method for grafting paediatric males presenting large severe burns through direct spreading of autologous foreskin keratinocytes. This alternative method is easy to implement, improves the quality of skin and minimizes associated donor site morbidity. In vitro studies have highlighted the potential of foreskin tissue for graft applications and could help in tissue selection with the prospect of grafting burns for girls.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiad N Mcheik
- Service de Chirurgie Pédiatrique, CHU de Poitiers, France.,Laboratoire Inflammation, Tissus Epithéliaux et Cytokines (LITEC), Université de Poitiers, France
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Franck Morel
- Laboratoire Inflammation, Tissus Epithéliaux et Cytokines (LITEC), Université de Poitiers, France
| | - Jean-Claude Lecron
- Laboratoire Inflammation, Tissus Epithéliaux et Cytokines (LITEC), Université de Poitiers, France.,Laboratoire d'Immunologie et Inflammation, CHU de Poitiers, France
| | - François-Xavier Bernard
- Laboratoire Inflammation, Tissus Epithéliaux et Cytokines (LITEC), Université de Poitiers, France.,BIOalternatives, Gençay, France
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33
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Lamb R, Ambler CA. Keratinocytes propagated in serum-free, feeder-free culture conditions fail to form stratified epidermis in a reconstituted skin model. PLoS One 2013; 8:e52494. [PMID: 23326335 PMCID: PMC3543440 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0052494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2012] [Accepted: 11/19/2012] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Primary human epidermal stem cells isolated from skin tissues and subsequently expanded in tissue culture are used for human therapeutic use to reconstitute skin on patients and to generate artificial skin in culture for academic and commercial research. Classically, epidermal cells, known as keratinocytes, required fibroblast feeder support and serum-containing media for serial propagation. In alignment with global efforts to remove potential animal contaminants, many serum-free, feeder-free culture methods have been developed that support derivation and growth of these cells in 2-dimensional culture. Here we show that keratinocytes grown continually in serum-free and feeder-free conditions were unable to form into a stratified, mature epidermis in a skin equivalent model. This is not due to loss of cell potential as keratinocytes propagated in serum-free, feeder-free conditions retain their ability to form stratified epidermis when re-introduced to classic serum-containing media. Extracellular calcium supplementation failed to improve epidermis development. In contrast, the addition of serum to commercial, growth media developed for serum-free expansion of keratinocytes facilitated 3-dimensional stratification in our skin equivalent model. Moreover, the addition of heat-inactivated serum improved the epidermis structure and thickness, suggesting that serum contains factors that both aid and inhibit stratification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca Lamb
- School of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, Durham University, South Road, Durham, United Kingdom
| | - Carrie A. Ambler
- School of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, Durham University, South Road, Durham, United Kingdom
- Biophysical Sciences Institute, Durham University, South Road, Durham, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
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34
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Beware of the commercialization of human cells and tissues: situation in the European Union. Cell Tissue Bank 2012; 13:487-98. [PMID: 22718427 PMCID: PMC3432198 DOI: 10.1007/s10561-012-9323-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2012] [Accepted: 06/05/2012] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
With this analysis we would like to raise some issues that emerge as a result of recent evolutions in the burgeoning field of human cells, tissues, and cellular and tissue-based product (HCT/P) transplantation, and this in the light of the current EU regulatory framework. This paper is intended as an open letter addressed to the EU policy makers, who will be charged with the review and revision of the current legislation. We propose some urgent corrections or additions to cope with the rapid advances in biomedical science, an extensive commercialization of HCT/Ps, and the growing expectation of the general public regarding the ethical use of altruistically donated cells and tissues. Without a sound wake-up call, the diverging interests of this newly established ‘healthcare’ industry and the wellbeing of humanity will likely lead to totally unacceptable situations, like some of which we are reporting here.
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Jubin K, Martin Y, Lawrence-Watt DJ, Sharpe JR. A fully autologous co-culture system utilising non-irradiated autologous fibroblasts to support the expansion of human keratinocytes for clinical use. Cytotechnology 2011; 63:655-62. [PMID: 21822682 DOI: 10.1007/s10616-011-9382-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2011] [Accepted: 07/19/2011] [Indexed: 10/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Autologous keratinocytes can be used to augment cutaneous repair, such as in the treatment of severe burns and recalcitrant ulcers. Such cells can be delivered to the wound bed either as a confluent sheet of cells or in single-cell suspension. The standard method for expanding primary human keratinocytes in culture uses lethally irradiated mouse 3T3 fibroblasts as feeder cells to support keratinocyte attachment and growth. In an effort to eliminate xenobiotic cells from clinical culture protocols where keratinocytes are applied to patients, we investigated whether human autologous primary fibroblasts could be used to expand keratinocytes in culture. At a defined ratio of a 6:1 excess of keratinocytes to fibroblasts, this co-culture method displayed a population doubling rate comparable to culture with lethally irradiated 3T3 cells. Furthermore, morphological and molecular analysis showed that human keratinocytes expanded in co-culture with autologous human fibroblasts were positive for proliferation markers and negative for differentiation markers. Keratinocytes expanded by this method thus retain their proliferative phenotype, an important feature in enhancing rapid wound closure. We suggest that this novel co-culture method is therefore suitable for clinical use as it dispenses with the need for lethally irradiated 3T3 cells in the rapid expansion of autologous human keratinocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Jubin
- Blond McIndoe Research Foundation, Queen Victoria Hospital, Holtye Road, East Grinstead, West Sussex, RH19 3DZ, UK
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