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Soares WLS, Feitosa LF, Moreira CR, Bertella F, Lopes CW, de Farias AMD, Fraga MA. Tailoring Cu-SiO 2 Interaction through Nanocatalyst Architecture to Assemble Surface Sites for Furfural Aqueous-Phase Hydrogenation to Cycloketones. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2025; 17:13146-13161. [PMID: 39075825 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.4c05266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/31/2024]
Abstract
In this contribution, nanocatalysts with rather diverse architectures were designed to promote different intimacy degrees between Cu and SiO2 and consequently tune distinct Cu-SiO2 interactions. Previously synthesized copper nanoparticles were deposited onto SiO2 (NPCu/SiO2) in contrast to ordinarily prepared supported Cu/SiO2. NPCu@SiO2 and SiO2@Cu core-shell nanocatalysts were also synthesized, and they were all bulk and surface characterized by XRD, TGA, TEM/HRTEM, H2-TPR, XANES, and XPS. It was found that Cu0 is the main copper phase in NPCu/SiO2 while Cu2+ rules the ordinary Cu/SiO2 catalyst, and Cu0 and electron-deficient Cuδ+ species coexist in the core-shell nanocatalysts as a consequence of a deeper metal-support interaction. Catalytic performance could not be associated with the physical properties of the nanocatalysts derived from their architectures but was associated with the more refined chemical characteristics tuned by their design. Cu/SiO2 and NPCu/SiO2 catalysts led to the formation of furfuryl alcohol, evidencing that catalysts holding weak or no metal-support interaction have no significant impact on product distribution even in the aqueous phase. The establishment of such interactions through advanced catalyst architecture, allowing the formation of electron-deficient Cuδ+ moieties, particularly Cu2+ and Cu+ as unveiled by spectroscopic investigations, is critical to promoting the hydrogenation-ring rearrangement cascade mechanism leading to cycloketones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Welington L S Soares
- Instituto Militar de Engenharia, Praça Gen. Tibúrcio 80, Urca, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 22290-270, Brazil
| | - Leon F Feitosa
- Laboratório de Catálise, Instituto Nacional de Tecnologia─INT, Avenida Venezuela, 82/518, Saúde, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 20081-312, Brazil
| | - Carla R Moreira
- Laboratório de Catálise, Instituto Nacional de Tecnologia─INT, Avenida Venezuela, 82/518, Saúde, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 20081-312, Brazil
| | - Francine Bertella
- Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal do Paraná (UFPR), Curitiba, Paraná 81531-990, Brazil
| | - Christian Wittee Lopes
- Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal do Paraná (UFPR), Curitiba, Paraná 81531-990, Brazil
| | - Andréa M Duarte de Farias
- Laboratório de Catálise, Instituto Nacional de Tecnologia─INT, Avenida Venezuela, 82/518, Saúde, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 20081-312, Brazil
| | - Marco A Fraga
- Instituto Militar de Engenharia, Praça Gen. Tibúrcio 80, Urca, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 22290-270, Brazil
- Laboratório de Catálise, Instituto Nacional de Tecnologia─INT, Avenida Venezuela, 82/518, Saúde, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 20081-312, Brazil
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García-Sancho C, Mérida-Robles JM, Cecilia-Buenestado JA, Moreno-Tost R, Maireles-Torres PJ. The Role of Copper in the Hydrogenation of Furfural and Levulinic Acid. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:2443. [PMID: 36768767 PMCID: PMC9916970 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24032443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2022] [Revised: 01/22/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Currently, there is a great interest in the development of sustainable and green technologies for production of biofuels and chemicals. In this sense, much attention is being paid to lignocellulosic biomass as feedstock, as alternative to fossil-based resources, inasmuch as its fractions can be transformed into value-added chemicals. Two important platform molecules derived from lignocellulosic sugars are furfural and levulinic acid, which can be transformed into a large spectrum of chemicals, by hydrogenation, oxidation, or condensation, with applications as solvents, agrochemicals, fragrances, pharmaceuticals, among others. However, in many cases, noble metal-based catalysts, scarce and expensive, are used. Therefore, an important effort is performed to search the most abundant, readily available, and cheap transition-metal-based catalysts. Among these, copper-based catalysts have been proposed, and the present review deals with the hydrogenation of furfural and levulinic acid, with Cu-based catalysts, into several relevant chemicals: furfuryl alcohol, 2-methylfuran, and cyclopentanone from FUR, and γ-valerolactone and 2-methyltetrahydrofuran from LA. Special emphasis has been placed on catalytic processes used (gas- and liquid-phase, catalytic transfer hydrogenation), under heterogeneous catalysis. Moreover, the effect of addition of other metal to Cu-based catalysts has been considered, as well as the issue related to catalyst stability in reusing studies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Josefa María Mérida-Robles
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Cristalografía y Mineralogía (Unidad Asociada al ICP-CSIC), Facultad de Ciencias, Campus de Teatinos, Universidad de Málaga, 29071 Málaga, Spain
| | | | - Ramón Moreno-Tost
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Cristalografía y Mineralogía (Unidad Asociada al ICP-CSIC), Facultad de Ciencias, Campus de Teatinos, Universidad de Málaga, 29071 Málaga, Spain
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Barranca A, Gandarias I, Arias PL, Agirrezabal-Telleria I. One-Pot Production of 1,5-Pentanediol from Furfural Through Tailored Hydrotalcite-Based Catalysts. Catal Letters 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s10562-022-04144-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
AbstractThe one-pot production of a relevant chemical such as 1,5-pentanediol (1,5-PDO) from sustainable sources (furfural) is a key reaction to compete with existing fossil sources. This work provides new evidence on the influence of the starting reagent, the features of layered double hydrotalcite (LDH)-derived catalysts in the form of mixed metal oxides (MMO) and of reaction conditions on the productivity of 1,5-PDO under batch conditions. Unlike reported studies, these results suggest the direct pathway through furfuryl alcohol intermediates, allowing the one-pot production from furfural at lower temperature than analogous systems. Productivity is maximized when Co2+ species partially substitute Mg2+ species in parent LDH, yielding promising pentanediol yields under mild reaction conditions. MMOs containing Co2+ sites show marked differences compared to analogous bivalent metals, which is here attributed to the position in which reaction intermediates such as furfuryl alcohol are adsorbed onto surface specie. This is consistent with characterized surface species by XRD, temperature programmed reduction under H2, and chemisorption experiments using CO or CO2 as probe molecules, indicative of a proper balance between metal and basic sites onto MMOs. The reported data aim to provide new reaction evidence to contribute into the search of sustainable 1,5-PDO sources.
Graphical Abstract
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Abstract
The hydrogenation of furfural is an important process in the synthesis of bio-based chemicals. Copper-based catalysts favor the hydrogenation of furfural to alcohols. Catalytic activity and stability were higher at a Ni-to-Cu atomic ratio of 1:1 and 1.5:0.5 compared to 0.5:1.5. Here, we prepared Ni-Cu/Al2O3 hydrogenation catalysts derived from layered double hydroxides (LDHs). Catalysts calcined at 673 K and reduced at 773 K with nominal Ni/Cu atomic ratios y/x = 1.5/0.5, 1/1 and 0.5/1.5 were characterized by XRD, FESEM-EDX, H2-TPR, XPS, FAA and BET. Their activity was tested at 463 K and in a 0.05 g g−1 furfural solution in ethanol, and the space velocity in a packed-bed reactor (PBR) was 2.85 gFF gcat−1 h−1. In a slurry reactor (SSR) at 5 MPa H2 and a contact time of 4 h, conversion was complete, while it varied from 91 to 99% in the PBR. Tetrahydrofurfuryl alcohol (TFA) was the main product in the SSR, with a selectivity of 32%, 63% and 56% for Ni0.5Cu1.5Al1, Ni1Cu1Al1 and Ni1.5Cu0.5Al1, respectively. The main product in the atmospheric PBR was furfuryl alcohol (FA), with a selectivity of 57% (Ni0.5Cu1.5Al1), 61% (Ni1Cu1Al1) and 58% (Ni1.5Cu0.5Al1). Other products included furan, methylfuran, 1-butanol and 1,2-pentanediol. Ethyl tetrahydrofurfuryl ether and difurfuryl ether were also formed via the nucleophilic addition of furfural with ethanol and furfuryl alcohol.
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Dutta S, Bhat NS. Catalytic Transformation of Biomass-Derived Furfurals to Cyclopentanones and Their Derivatives: A Review. ACS OMEGA 2021; 6:35145-35172. [PMID: 34984249 PMCID: PMC8717399 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.1c05861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2021] [Accepted: 12/02/2021] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Furfural (FF) and 5-(hydroxymethyl)furfural (HMF) are well-recognized biomass-derived chemical building blocks with established applications and markets for several of their derivatives. Attaining a wide spectrum of petrochemicals is the primary target of a biorefinery that employs FF and HMF as the chemical feedstock. In this regard, cyclopentanone (CPN) is a crucial petrochemical intermediate used for synthesizing a diverse range of compounds with immense commercial prospects. The hydrogenative ring rearrangement of FF to CPN in an aqueous medium under catalytic hydrogenation conditions was first reported in 2012, whereas the first report on the catalytic conversion of HMF to 3-(hydroxymethyl)cyclopentanone (HCPN) was published in 2014. Over the past decade, several investigations have been undertaken in converting FF and HMF to CPN and HCPN, respectively. The research studies aimed to improve the scalability, selectivity, environmental footprint, and cost competitiveness of the process. A blend of theoretical and experimental studies has helped to develop efficient, inexpensive, and recyclable heterogeneous catalysts that work under mild reaction conditions while providing excellent yields of CPN and HCPN. The time is ripe to consolidate the data in this area of research and analyze them rigorously in a review article. This work will assist both beginners and experts of this field in acknowledging the accomplishments to date, recognize the challenges, and strategize the way forward.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saikat Dutta
- Department of Chemistry, National
Institute of Technology Karnataka, Mangalore 575025, Karnataka, India
| | - Navya Subray Bhat
- Department of Chemistry, National
Institute of Technology Karnataka, Mangalore 575025, Karnataka, India
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Niu H, Cheng Y, Li C, Li S, Luo J, Liang C. Construction of Cu-M-O x (M = Zn or Al) Interface in Cu Catalysts for Hydrogenation Rearrangement of Furfural. Ind Eng Chem Res 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.1c03429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Hongyu Niu
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals and Laboratory of Advanced Materials & Catalytic Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Yuan Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals and Laboratory of Advanced Materials & Catalytic Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Chuang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals and Laboratory of Advanced Materials & Catalytic Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Shaojie Li
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals and Laboratory of Advanced Materials & Catalytic Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Jingjie Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals and Laboratory of Advanced Materials & Catalytic Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Changhai Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals and Laboratory of Advanced Materials & Catalytic Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
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Feng Y, Long S, Tang X, Sun Y, Luque R, Zeng X, Lin L. Earth-abundant 3d-transition-metal catalysts for lignocellulosic biomass conversion. Chem Soc Rev 2021; 50:6042-6093. [PMID: 34027943 DOI: 10.1039/d0cs01601b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Transformation of biomass to chemicals and fuels is a long-term goal in both science and industry. However, high cost is one of the major obstacles to the industrialization of this sustainable technology. Thus, developing catalysts with high activity and low-cost is of great importance for biomass conversion. The last two decades have witnessed the increasing achievement of the use of earth-abundant 3d-transition-metals in catalysis due to their low-cost, high efficiency and excellent stability. Here, we aim to review the fast development and recent advances of 3d-metal-based catalysts including Cu, Fe, Co, Ni and Mn in lignocellulosic biomass conversion. Moreover, present research trends and invigorating perspectives on future development are given.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunchao Feng
- College of Energy, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China.
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Azzena U, Carraro M, Pisano L, Monticelli S, Bartolotta R, Pace V. Cyclopentyl Methyl Ether: An Elective Ecofriendly Ethereal Solvent in Classical and Modern Organic Chemistry. CHEMSUSCHEM 2019; 12:40-70. [PMID: 30246930 PMCID: PMC6391966 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.201801768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2018] [Revised: 09/23/2018] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Solvents represent one of the major contributions to the environmental impact of fine-chemical synthesis. As a result, the use of environmentally friendly solvents in widely employed reactions is a challenge of vast real interest in contemporary organic chemistry. Within this Review, a great variety of examples showing how cyclopentyl methyl ether has been established as particularly useful for this purpose are reported. Indeed, its low toxicity, high boiling point, low melting point, hydrophobicity, chemical stability towards a wide range of conditions, exceptional stability towards the abstraction of hydrogen atoms, relatively low latent heat of vaporization, and the ease with which it can be recovered and recycled enable its successful employment as a solvent in a wide range of synthetic applications, including organometallic chemistry, catalysis, biphasic reactions, oxidations, and radical reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ugo Azzena
- Department of Chemistry and PharmacyUniversity of Sassarivia Vienna 2, I07100SassariItaly
| | - Massimo Carraro
- Department of Chemistry and PharmacyUniversity of Sassarivia Vienna 2, I07100SassariItaly
| | - Luisa Pisano
- Department of Chemistry and PharmacyUniversity of Sassarivia Vienna 2, I07100SassariItaly
| | - Serena Monticelli
- Department of Pharmaceutical ChemistryUniversity of ViennaAlthanstrasse 141090ViennaAustria
| | - Roberta Bartolotta
- Department of Pharmaceutical ChemistryUniversity of ViennaAlthanstrasse 141090ViennaAustria
| | - Vittorio Pace
- Department of Pharmaceutical ChemistryUniversity of ViennaAlthanstrasse 141090ViennaAustria
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Ghashghaee M, Ghambarian M, Azizi Z. Molecular-level insights into furfural hydrogenation intermediates over single-atomic Cu catalysts on magnesia and silica nanoclusters. MOLECULAR SIMULATION 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/08927022.2018.1547820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Ghashghaee
- Faculty of Petrochemicals, Iran Polymer and Petrochemical Institute (IPPI), Tehran, Iran
- Biobased Monomers and Polymers Division, Iran Polymer and Petrochemical Institute, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehdi Ghambarian
- Biobased Monomers and Polymers Division, Iran Polymer and Petrochemical Institute, Tehran, Iran
- Gas Conversion Department, Faculty of Petrochemicals, Iran Polymer and Petrochemical Institute, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zahra Azizi
- Department of Chemistry, Karaj Branch, Islamic Azad University, Karaj, Iran
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Aqueous-phase hydrogenation of furfural over supported palladium catalysts: effect of the support on the reaction routes. REACTION KINETICS MECHANISMS AND CATALYSIS 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s11144-018-1505-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Chen S, Wojcieszak R, Dumeignil F, Marceau E, Royer S. How Catalysts and Experimental Conditions Determine the Selective Hydroconversion of Furfural and 5-Hydroxymethylfurfural. Chem Rev 2018; 118:11023-11117. [PMID: 30362725 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.8b00134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 320] [Impact Index Per Article: 45.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Furfural and 5-hydroxymethylfurfural stand out as bridges connecting biomass raw materials to the biorefinery industry. Their reductive transformations by hydroconversion are key routes toward a wide variety of chemicals and biofuels, and heterogeneous catalysis plays a central role in these reactions. The catalyst efficiency highly depends on the nature of metals, supports, and additives, on the catalyst preparation procedure, and obviously on reaction conditions to which catalyst and reactants are exposed: solvent, pressure, and temperature. The present review focuses on the roles played by the catalyst at the molecular level in the hydroconversion of furfural and 5-hydroxymethylfurfural in the gas or liquid phases, including catalytic hydrogen transfer routes and electro/photoreduction, into oxygenates or hydrocarbons (e.g., furfuryl alcohol, 2,5-bis(hydroxymethyl)furan, cyclopentanone, 1,5-pentanediol, 2-methylfuran, 2,5-dimethylfuran, furan, furfuryl ethers, etc.). The mechanism of adsorption of the reactant and the mechanism of the reaction of hydroconversion are correlated to the specificities of each active metal, both noble (Pt, Pd, Ru, Au, Rh, and Ir) and non-noble (Ni, Cu, Co, Mo, and Fe), with an emphasis on the role of the support and of additives on catalytic performances (conversion, yield, and stability). The reusability of catalytic systems (deactivation mechanism, protection, and regeneration methods) is also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuo Chen
- Université de Lille, CNRS, Centrale Lille, ENSCL, Université d'Artois , UMR 8181-UCCS-Unité de Catalyse et Chimie du Solide, F-59000 Lille , France
| | - Robert Wojcieszak
- Université de Lille, CNRS, Centrale Lille, ENSCL, Université d'Artois , UMR 8181-UCCS-Unité de Catalyse et Chimie du Solide, F-59000 Lille , France
| | - Franck Dumeignil
- Université de Lille, CNRS, Centrale Lille, ENSCL, Université d'Artois , UMR 8181-UCCS-Unité de Catalyse et Chimie du Solide, F-59000 Lille , France
| | - Eric Marceau
- Université de Lille, CNRS, Centrale Lille, ENSCL, Université d'Artois , UMR 8181-UCCS-Unité de Catalyse et Chimie du Solide, F-59000 Lille , France
| | - Sébastien Royer
- Université de Lille, CNRS, Centrale Lille, ENSCL, Université d'Artois , UMR 8181-UCCS-Unité de Catalyse et Chimie du Solide, F-59000 Lille , France
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Mironenko RM, Belskaya OB, Lavrenov AV, Likholobov VA. Palladium–Ruthenium Catalyst for Selective Hydrogenation of Furfural to Cyclopentanol. KINETICS AND CATALYSIS 2018. [DOI: 10.1134/s0023158418030151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Mironenko RM, Belskaya OB, Lavrenov AV, Likholobov VA. Selective aqueous-phase hydrogenation of furfural to cyclopentanol over PdRu/C catalyst. Russ Chem Bull 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s11172-017-1790-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Ma YF, Wang H, Xu GY, Liu XH, Zhang Y, Fu Y. Selective conversion of furfural to cyclopentanol over cobalt catalysts in one step. CHINESE CHEM LETT 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cclet.2017.03.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Wang Y, Zhu W, Sang S, Gao L, Xiao G. Supported Cu catalysts for the hydrogenation of furfural in aqueous phase: effect of support. ASIA-PAC J CHEM ENG 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/apj.2085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Southeast University; Nanjing 211189 China
| | - Wei Zhu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Southeast University; Nanjing 211189 China
| | - Shengya Sang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Southeast University; Nanjing 211189 China
| | - Lijing Gao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Southeast University; Nanjing 211189 China
| | - Guomin Xiao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Southeast University; Nanjing 211189 China
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Aldosari OF, Iqbal S, Miedziak PJ, Brett GL, Jones DR, Liu X, Edwards JK, Morgan DJ, Knight DK, Hutchings GJ. Pd–Ru/TiO2 catalyst – an active and selective catalyst for furfural hydrogenation. Catal Sci Technol 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c5cy01650a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
The selective hydrogenation of furfural at ambient temperature has been investigated using a Pd/TiO2 catalyst.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sarwat Iqbal
- Cardiff Catalysis Institute
- Main Building Park Place
- Cardiff
- UK
| | | | - Gemma L. Brett
- Cardiff Catalysis Institute
- Main Building Park Place
- Cardiff
- UK
| | - Daniel R. Jones
- Cardiff Catalysis Institute
- Main Building Park Place
- Cardiff
- UK
| | - Xi Liu
- Cardiff Catalysis Institute
- Main Building Park Place
- Cardiff
- UK
| | | | - David J. Morgan
- Cardiff Catalysis Institute
- Main Building Park Place
- Cardiff
- UK
| | - David K. Knight
- Cardiff Catalysis Institute
- Main Building Park Place
- Cardiff
- UK
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Geng G, Wei R, Liang T, Zhou M, Xiao G. Hydrogenolysis of glycerol to propanediols on Cu–Ca–Al hydrotalcites derived catalysts. REACTION KINETICS MECHANISMS AND CATALYSIS 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s11144-015-0939-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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