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Hani YMI, Prud'Homme SM, Nuzillard JM, Bonnard I, Robert C, Nott K, Ronkart S, Dedourge-Geffard O, Geffard A. 1H-NMR metabolomics profiling of zebra mussel (Dreissena polymorpha): A field-scale monitoring tool in ecotoxicological studies. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2021; 270:116048. [PMID: 33190982 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2020.116048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2020] [Revised: 11/05/2020] [Accepted: 11/06/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Biomonitoring of aquatic environments requires new tools to characterize the effects of pollutants on living organisms. Zebra mussels (Dreissena polymorpha) from the same site in north-eastern France were caged for two months, upstream and downstream of three wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) in the international watershed of the Meuse (Charleville-Mézières "CM" in France, Namur "Nam" and Charleroi "Cr" in Belgium). The aim was to test 1H-NMR metabolomics for the assessment of water bodies' quality. The metabolomic approach was combined with a more "classical" one, i.e., the measurement of a range of energy biomarkers: lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), lipase, acid phosphatase (ACP) and amylase activities, condition index (CI), total reserves, electron transport system (ETS) activity and cellular energy allocation (CEA). Five of the eight energy biomarkers were significantly impacted (LDH, ACP, lipase, total reserves and ETS), without a clear pattern between sites (Up and Down) and stations (CM, Nam and Cr). The metabolomic approach revealed variations among the three stations, and also between the upstream and downstream of Nam and CM WWTPs. A total of 28 known metabolites was detected, among which four (lactate, glycine, maltose and glutamate) explained the observed metabolome variations between sites and stations, in accordance with chemical exposure levels. Metabolome changes suggest that zebra mussel exposure to field contamination could alter their osmoregulation and anaerobic metabolism capacities. This study reveals that lactate is a potential biomarker of interest, and 1H-NMR metabolomics can be an efficient approach to assess the health status of zebra mussels in the biomonitoring of aquatic environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Younes Mohamed Ismail Hani
- Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne (URCA), UMR-I 02 SEBIO (Stress Environnementaux et Biosurveillance des Milieux Aquatiques), Moulin de la Housse, Reims, France; Université de Bordeaux, UMR EPOC 5805, équipe Ecotoxicologie Aquatique, Place du Dr Peyneau, 33120, Arcachon, France.
| | - Sophie Martine Prud'Homme
- Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne (URCA), UMR-I 02 SEBIO (Stress Environnementaux et Biosurveillance des Milieux Aquatiques), Moulin de la Housse, Reims, France; Université de Lorraine, CNRS, LIEC, F-57000, Metz, France
| | - Jean-Marc Nuzillard
- Université de Reims Champagne Ardenne, CNRS, ICMR UMR 7312, 51097, Reims, France
| | - Isabelle Bonnard
- Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne (URCA), UMR-I 02 SEBIO (Stress Environnementaux et Biosurveillance des Milieux Aquatiques), Moulin de la Housse, Reims, France
| | | | - Katherine Nott
- La Société Wallonne des Eaux, Rue de la Concorde 41, 4800, Verviers, Belgium
| | - Sébastien Ronkart
- La Société Wallonne des Eaux, Rue de la Concorde 41, 4800, Verviers, Belgium
| | - Odile Dedourge-Geffard
- Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne (URCA), UMR-I 02 SEBIO (Stress Environnementaux et Biosurveillance des Milieux Aquatiques), Moulin de la Housse, Reims, France
| | - Alain Geffard
- Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne (URCA), UMR-I 02 SEBIO (Stress Environnementaux et Biosurveillance des Milieux Aquatiques), Moulin de la Housse, Reims, France
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Differential tolerance to nickel between Dreissena polymorpha and Dreissena rostriformis bugensis populations. Sci Rep 2018; 8:700. [PMID: 29335592 PMCID: PMC5768691 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-19228-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2017] [Accepted: 12/21/2017] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Differential tolerance to stress is partly responsible for the heterogeneity of biomarker responses between populations of a sentinel species. Although currently used for freshwater biomonitoring, studies concerning inter-populational variability in tolerance to contaminants for the zebra mussel (Dreissena polymorpha) are scarce. Moreover, this well-known invader is currently replaced by another, the quagga mussel (Dreissena rostriformis bugensis). To evaluate the differential tolerance between dreissenids, several populations of both species were exposed to a high concentration of nickel. A LT50 (time when 50% of individuals were dead) was established for each population. Biomarker responses and internal nickel concentration were also measured, to link tolerance with physiological status. Results evidenced that D. polymorpha populations are more heterogeneous and more tolerant than D. r. bugensis ones. For D. polymorpha populations only, LT50 values were positively correlated with the nickel contamination in situ, with higher anti-oxidative defences and a higher Integrated Biomarker Response value in the field. Such findings may be explained by local adaptation and invasion dynamic within each species. The significance of this differential tolerance when using biomarker responses for biomonitoring purposes is thus discussed.
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Potet M, Devin S, Pain-Devin S, Rousselle P, Giambérini L. Integrated multi-biomarker responses in two dreissenid species following metal and thermal cross-stress. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2016; 218:39-49. [PMID: 27552036 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2016.08.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2016] [Revised: 07/28/2016] [Accepted: 08/08/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
With current global changes, the combination of several stressors such as temperature and contaminants may impact species distribution and ecosystem functioning. In this study, we evaluated the combined impact of two metals (Ni and Cr) with a thermal stress (from 12 to 17 °C) on biomarker responses in two bivalves, Dreissena rostriformis bugensis and Dreissena polymorpha. Biomarkers are informative tools to evaluate exposure and effects of stressors on organisms. The set of 14 biomarkers measured here was representative of both physiologic (filtration activity) and cellular antioxidant and detoxification mechanisms. Our aim was to study the response pattern of both species, and its meaning in terms of invasive potential. The implications for the use of these mussels in environmental monitoring are also discussed. Results evidenced that the two species do not respond to multiple stressors in the same way. Indeed, the effects of contamination on biomarker responses were more marked for D. polymorpha, especially under nickel exposure. While we cannot conclude as to the effect of temperature, invasiveness could be influenced by species sensitivity to contaminants. The physiological and cellular differences between D. polymorpha and D. r. bugensis might also be of concern for environmental risk assessment. The two species present differential bioaccumulation patterns, filtration activity and cellular biomarker responses. If D. polymorpha populations decline, their substitution by D. r. bugensis for biomonitoring or laboratory studies will not be possible without a deeper understanding of biomarker responses of the new invasive.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marine Potet
- Université de Lorraine, CNRS UMR 7360, Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire des Environnements Continentaux (LIEC), Campus Bridoux, Rue du Général Delestraint, 57070 Metz, France.
| | - Simon Devin
- Université de Lorraine, CNRS UMR 7360, Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire des Environnements Continentaux (LIEC), Campus Bridoux, Rue du Général Delestraint, 57070 Metz, France.
| | - Sandrine Pain-Devin
- Université de Lorraine, CNRS UMR 7360, Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire des Environnements Continentaux (LIEC), Campus Bridoux, Rue du Général Delestraint, 57070 Metz, France.
| | - Philippe Rousselle
- Université de Lorraine, CNRS UMR 7360, Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire des Environnements Continentaux (LIEC), Campus Bridoux, Rue du Général Delestraint, 57070 Metz, France.
| | - Laure Giambérini
- Université de Lorraine, CNRS UMR 7360, Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire des Environnements Continentaux (LIEC), Campus Bridoux, Rue du Général Delestraint, 57070 Metz, France.
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Garaud M, Auffan M, Devin S, Felten V, Pagnout C, Pain-Devin S, Proux O, Rodius F, Sohm B, Giamberini L. Integrated assessment of ceria nanoparticle impacts on the freshwater bivalve Dreissena polymorpha. Nanotoxicology 2016; 10:935-44. [DOI: 10.3109/17435390.2016.1146363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Maël Garaud
- Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire Des Environnements Continentaux (LIEC), Université De Lorraine, CNRS UMR 7360, Metz France,
- International Consortium for the Environmental Implications of Nanotechnology (iCEINT), Aix En Provence, France,
| | - Mélanie Auffan
- International Consortium for the Environmental Implications of Nanotechnology (iCEINT), Aix En Provence, France,
- CNRS, Aix-Marseille Université, France, and
| | - Simon Devin
- Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire Des Environnements Continentaux (LIEC), Université De Lorraine, CNRS UMR 7360, Metz France,
| | - Vincent Felten
- Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire Des Environnements Continentaux (LIEC), Université De Lorraine, CNRS UMR 7360, Metz France,
| | - Christophe Pagnout
- Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire Des Environnements Continentaux (LIEC), Université De Lorraine, CNRS UMR 7360, Metz France,
- International Consortium for the Environmental Implications of Nanotechnology (iCEINT), Aix En Provence, France,
| | - Sandrine Pain-Devin
- Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire Des Environnements Continentaux (LIEC), Université De Lorraine, CNRS UMR 7360, Metz France,
| | - Olivier Proux
- International Consortium for the Environmental Implications of Nanotechnology (iCEINT), Aix En Provence, France,
- Observatoire Des Sciences De L’univers De Grenoble, UMS 832, CNRS, Université Joseph Fourier, Grenoble, France
| | - François Rodius
- Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire Des Environnements Continentaux (LIEC), Université De Lorraine, CNRS UMR 7360, Metz France,
| | - Bénédicte Sohm
- Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire Des Environnements Continentaux (LIEC), Université De Lorraine, CNRS UMR 7360, Metz France,
| | - Laure Giamberini
- Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire Des Environnements Continentaux (LIEC), Université De Lorraine, CNRS UMR 7360, Metz France,
- International Consortium for the Environmental Implications of Nanotechnology (iCEINT), Aix En Provence, France,
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Kramarz PE, Mordarska A, Mroczka M. Response of Tribolium castaneum to elevated copper concentrations is influenced by history of metal exposure, sex-specific defences, and infection by the parasite Steinernema feltiae. ECOTOXICOLOGY (LONDON, ENGLAND) 2014; 23:757-766. [PMID: 24563382 DOI: 10.1007/s10646-014-1212-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/11/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
We studied how copper toxicity in the red flour beetle, Tribolium castaneum changed as a result of infection by the entomopathogenic nematode Steinernema feltiae. Measured traits were: respiration, growth and survival, as well as the concentrations of copper within beetle tissues and in its diet. By comparing F1 and F5 generation we were able to answer how long-term metal exposure changed the responses to both copper and the parasite. The beetles did accumulate copper; however, the results indicated that copper concentrations in beetle tissues were affected by nematode infection, the sex of the experimental animals, and the number of generations of exposure. Five generations of exposure to copper resulted in the highest dry body mass of infected beetles of both sexes; additionally, this group also had the lowest copper concentrations in their tissues. The only factor that had a significant effect on respiration was infection by nematodes: infected beetles of both sexes in both generational groups had significantly decreased respiration rates. Survival was lowest in nematode-infected animals of both sexes from both generations, regardless of exposure to copper. Our results confirm that an organism's response to metal pollution is dependent on its health status and sex. We also found that the history of exposure to metal was equally important-we found enhanced resistance to copper intoxication after only five generations of exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulina E Kramarz
- Institute of Environmental Sciences, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 7, 30-387, Kraków, Poland,
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Filipović Marijić V, Vardić Smrzlić I, Raspor B. Effect of acanthocephalan infection on metal, total protein and metallothionein concentrations in European chub from a Sava River section with low metal contamination. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2013; 463-464:772-780. [PMID: 23856403 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2013.06.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2013] [Revised: 05/23/2013] [Accepted: 06/10/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
In the present study, the importance of considering fish intestinal parasites i.e. the acanthocephalans in metal exposure assessment was estimated under low metal contamination conditions. Two acanthocephalan species, Pomphorhynchus laevis and Acanthocephalus anguillae were examined in 59 specimens of European chub (Squalius cephalus L.) sampled at 5 locations along the Sava River, Croatia. Concentrations of essential (Cu, Mn) and non-essential (Ag, Cd, Pb) metals were higher in intestinal parasites than chub gastrointestinal tissue, but levels of essential metals Fe and Zn were comparable or lower in parasites, respectively. The highest accumulation in both acanthocephalan species was found for non-essential metals and followed the order: Ag>Pb>Cd. Higher infection intensity with P. laevis allowed us to present their spatial metal distribution and evaluate the influence of P. laevis on metal levels and sub-cellular biological responses (total protein and metallothionein levels) in the host infected with P. laevis. Even in the river section with low metal contamination, parasitism affected metal levels, resulting in lower Cu, Cd and Pb concentrations in chub infected with P. laevis than in uninfected chub. Although total protein and metallothionein levels remained constant in infected and uninfected chub, acanthocephalans should be considered a potential confounding factor in metal exposure assessments. Moreover, P. laevis-chub system can be suggested as an appropriate tool in biomonitoring, since in both species increased Cu and Cd concentrations towards the downstream locations were found. Higher Cu and Cd levels in P. laevis suggest acanthocephalans to be sensitive bioindicators if low metal levels have to be detected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vlatka Filipović Marijić
- Division for Marine and Environmental Research, Ruđer Bošković Institute, P.O. Box 180, 10002 Zagreb, Croatia.
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Minguez L, Brulé N, Sohm B, Devin S, Giambérini L. Involvement of apoptosis in host-parasite interactions in the zebra mussel. PLoS One 2013; 8:e65822. [PMID: 23785455 PMCID: PMC3681881 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0065822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2012] [Accepted: 04/28/2013] [Indexed: 12/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The question of whether cell death by apoptosis plays a biological function during infection is key to understanding host-parasite interactions. We investigated the involvement of apoptosis in several host-parasite systems, using zebra mussels Dreissena polymorpha as test organisms and their micro- and macroparasites. As a stress response associated with parasitism, heat shock proteins (Hsp) can be induced. In this protein family, Hsp70 are known to be apoptosis inhibitors. Mussels were diagnosed for their respective infections by standard histological methods; apoptosis was detected using the TUNEL methods on paraffin sections and Hsp70 by immunohistochemistry on cryosections. Circulating hemocytes were the main cells observed in apoptosis whereas infected tissues displayed no or few apoptotic cells. Parasitism by intracellular bacteria Rickettsiales-like and the trematode Bucephalus polymorphus were associated with the inhibition of apoptosis whereas ciliates Ophryoglena spp. or the trematode Phyllodistomum folium did not involve significant differences in apoptosis. Even if some parasites were able to modulate apoptosis in zebra mussels, we did not see evidence of any involvement of Hsp70 on this mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laëtitia Minguez
- Université de Lorraine, Laboratoire des Interactions, Ecotoxicologie, Biodiversité, Ecosystèmes (LIEBE), CNRS UMR 7146, Metz, France
- * E-mail: (LM); (LG)
| | - Nelly Brulé
- Université de Lorraine, Laboratoire des Interactions, Ecotoxicologie, Biodiversité, Ecosystèmes (LIEBE), CNRS UMR 7146, Metz, France
| | - Bénédicte Sohm
- Université de Lorraine, Laboratoire des Interactions, Ecotoxicologie, Biodiversité, Ecosystèmes (LIEBE), CNRS UMR 7146, Metz, France
| | - Simon Devin
- Université de Lorraine, Laboratoire des Interactions, Ecotoxicologie, Biodiversité, Ecosystèmes (LIEBE), CNRS UMR 7146, Metz, France
| | - Laure Giambérini
- Université de Lorraine, Laboratoire des Interactions, Ecotoxicologie, Biodiversité, Ecosystèmes (LIEBE), CNRS UMR 7146, Metz, France
- * E-mail: (LM); (LG)
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Minguez L, Devin S, Molloy DP, Guérold F, Giambérini L. Occurrence of zebra mussel parasites: modelling according to contamination in France and the USA. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2013; 176:261-266. [PMID: 23454588 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2013.01.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2012] [Revised: 01/15/2013] [Accepted: 01/22/2013] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Parasites can be reliable tool in assessing the effects of ecosystem disturbances. However, they can respond in different ways and any changes in assemblages are not easily predictable. Descriptive modelling could be a first step since providing information on the relative importance of a pollutant on parasite occurrence. We chose the zebra mussel, as test organism and twelve sites in France and the United States. Contaminants had not the same impact on microparasite occurrence. Metals enhanced the infection, except zinc associated only with higher prevalence of the commensal ciliate Conchophthirus acuminatus. We should note that Rickettsiales-like organism infection is higher at higher Ni and Cr concentrations. Models indicated also that the most polluted sites were also those with higher rates of co-infections. Therefore, the continuous contamination of freshwater ecosystems implies a significant risk promoting the development of parasites that may affect bivalve populations and other species belonging to their life-cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laëtitia Minguez
- Université de Lorraine, Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire des Environnements Continentaux, CNRS, UMR 7360, F 57070 Metz, France.
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Palos Ladeiro M, Bigot A, Aubert D, Hohweyer J, Favennec L, Villena I, Geffard A. Protozoa interaction with aquatic invertebrate: interest for watercourses biomonitoring. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2013; 20:778-789. [PMID: 23001759 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-012-1189-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2012] [Accepted: 09/06/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Toxoplasma gondii, Cryptosporidium parvum, and Giardia duodenalis are human waterborne protozoa. These worldwide parasites had been detected in various watercourses as recreational, surface, drinking, river, and seawater. As of today, water protozoa detection was based on large water filtration and on sample concentration. Another tool like aquatic invertebrate parasitism could be used for sanitary and environmental biomonitoring. In fact, organisms like filter feeders could already filtrate and concentrate protozoa directly in their tissues in proportion to ambient concentration. So molluscan shellfish can be used as a bioindicator of protozoa contamination level in a site since they were sedentary. Nevertheless, only a few researches had focused on nonspecific parasitism like protozoa infection on aquatic invertebrates. Objectives of this review are twofold: Firstly, an overview of protozoa in worldwide water was presented. Secondly, current knowledge of protozoa parasitism on aquatic invertebrates was detailed and the lack of data of their biological impact was pointed out.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Palos Ladeiro
- Unité Interactions Animal-Environnement, EA 4689, UFR Sciences Exactes et Naturelles, Université de Reims Champagne Ardenne, Campus du Moulin de la Housse, 51100, Reims, France
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Costa PM, Carreira S, Costa MH, Caeiro S. Development of histopathological indices in a commercial marine bivalve (Ruditapes decussatus) to determine environmental quality. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2013; 126:442-454. [PMID: 23010389 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2012.08.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2012] [Revised: 08/09/2012] [Accepted: 08/16/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Bivalve histopathology is an acknowledged tool in environmental toxicology studies, however geographically restricted, limited to a few species and still lacking the degree of detail needed to develop effective (semi)quantitative approaches. A first-time detailed histopathological screening was performed on grooved carpet shell clams collected from commercial shellfish beds in distinct coastal ecosystems of the Southern Portuguese coast: two parted sites within an impacted estuary (S(1) and S(2)), an inlet channel of a fish farm at a considered pristine estuary (site M) and a site allocated in a clean coastal lagoon (A). A total of thirty histopathological lesions and alterations were analysed in the gills and digestive glands following a weighted condition indices approach, including inflammation-related responses, necrosis, neoplastic diseases and parasites. Digestive glands were consistently more damaged than gills, except for animals collected from site M, where the most severe lesions were found in both organs, immediately followed by S(2). Clams from sites S(1) and A were overall the least damaged. Neoplastic diseases were infrequent in all cases. Inflammation-related traits were some of the most common alterations progressing in animals enduring severe lesions such as digestive tubule (diverticula) and intertubular tissue necrosis. Some alterations, such as lipofuscin aggregates within digestive tubule cells, did not relate to histological lesions. Granulocytomas only occurred in heavily infected tissues. Animals from M and A presented the highest infections in the digestive gland, especially by protozoa. Gill infections were more similar between sites. Still, the level of infection does not account for all histopathological lesions in either organ. Overall, the results are in accordance with environmental parameters, such as distance to pollution sources, sediment type and hydrodynamics, and show that the combination of multiple histopathological features in these clams provides good sensitivity for inter-site distinction even when low or moderate anthropogenic impacts are at stake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro M Costa
- IMAR - Instituto do Mar, Departamento de Ciências e Engenharia do Ambiente, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia da Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Caparica, Portugal.
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Gismondi E, Beisel JN, Cossu-Leguille C. Polymorphus minutus affects antitoxic responses of Gammarus roeseli exposed to cadmium. PLoS One 2012; 7:e41475. [PMID: 22911795 PMCID: PMC3401126 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0041475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2012] [Accepted: 06/27/2012] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The acanthocephalan parasite Polymorphus minutus is a manipulator of its intermediate host Gammarus roeseli, which favours its transmission to the final host, a water bird. In contaminated environments, G. roeseli have to cope with two stresses, i.e. P. minutus infection and pollutants. As P. minutus survival relies on its host's survival, we investigated the influence of P. minutus on the antitoxic defence capacities and the energy reserves of G. roeseli females after cadmium exposure. In parallel, malondialdehyde, a toxic effect biomarker, was measured in G. roeseli females and in P. minutus. The results revealed that infected females displayed higher cell damage than uninfected ones, despite an apparent increase in reduced glutathione and metallothionein production. In fact, the increase of these antitoxic systems could be counterbalanced by carotenoid intake by the parasite, so that the overall defence system seemed less efficient in infected females than in uninfected ones. In addition, we demonstrated that cadmium induced cell damage in P. minutus, probably linked with cadmium accumulation in the parasite. Altogether, we observed a paradoxical pattern of responses suggesting that P. minutus increases cadmium toxicity in G. roeseli females although (i) it tends to increase several host antitoxic defence capacities and (ii) it bears part of the pollutant, as reflected by cell damage in the parasite.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric Gismondi
- Laboratoire des Interactions Ecotoxicologie Biodiversité Ecosystèmes (LIEBE), CNRS UMR 7146, Université de Lorraine, Metz, France.
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