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Redouane EM, Núñez A, Achouak W, Barakat M, Alex A, Martins JC, Tazart Z, Mugani R, Zerrifi SEA, Haida M, García AM, Campos A, Lahrouni M, Oufdou K, Vasconcelos V, Oudra B. Microcystin influence on soil-plant microbiota: Unraveling microbiota modulations and assembly processes in the rhizosphere of Vicia faba. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 918:170634. [PMID: 38325456 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.170634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2023] [Revised: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
Microcystins (MCs) are frequently detected in cyanobacterial bloom-impacted waterbodies and introduced into agroecosystems via irrigation water. They are widely known as phytotoxic cyanotoxins, which impair the growth and physiological functions of crop plants. However, their impact on the plant-associated microbiota is scarcely tackled and poorly understood. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the effect of MCs on microbiota-inhabiting bulk soil (BS), root adhering soil (RAS), and root tissue (RT) of Vicia faba when exposed to 100 μg L-1 MCs in a greenhouse pot experiment. Under MC exposure, the structure, co-occurrence network, and assembly processes of the bacterial microbiota were modulated with the greatest impact on RT-inhabiting bacteria, followed by BS and, to a lesser extent, RAS. The analyses revealed a significant decrease in the abundances of several Actinobacteriota-related taxa within the RT microbiota, including the most abundant and known genus of Streptomyces. Furthermore, MCs significantly increased the abundance of methylotrophic bacteria (Methylobacillus, Methylotenera) and other Proteobacteria-affiliated genera (e.g., Paucibacter), which are supposed to degrade MCs. The co-occurrence network of the bacterial community in the presence of MCs was less complex than the control network. In MC-exposed RT, the turnover in community composition was more strongly driven by deterministic processes, as proven by the beta-nearest taxon index. Whereas in MC-treated BS and RAS, both deterministic and stochastic processes can influence community assembly to some extent, with a relative dominance of deterministic processes. Altogether, these results suggest that MCs may reshape the structure of the microbiota in the soil-plant system by reducing bacterial taxa with potential phytobeneficial traits and increasing other taxa with the potential capacity to degrade MCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- El Mahdi Redouane
- Water, Biodiversity and Climate Change Laboratory, Faculty of Sciences Semlalia, Cadi Ayyad University, Marrakech 40000, Morocco; CIIMAR, Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Matosinhos 4450-208, Portugal
| | - Andrés Núñez
- Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingenieros Industriales, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (ETSII-UPM), Madrid 28006, Spain; Departamento de Genética y Microbiología, Facultad de Biología, Universidad de Murcia, Campus de Espinardo, Murcia 30100, Spain
| | - Wafa Achouak
- Aix Marseille University, CEA, CNRS, BIAM, Lab of Microbial Ecology of the Rhizosphere, (LEMiRE), Saint Paul Lez Durance 13115, France.
| | - Mohamed Barakat
- Aix Marseille University, CEA, CNRS, BIAM, Lab of Microbial Ecology of the Rhizosphere, (LEMiRE), Saint Paul Lez Durance 13115, France
| | - Anoop Alex
- CIIMAR, Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Matosinhos 4450-208, Portugal; Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, Porto 4169-007, Portugal
| | - José Carlos Martins
- CIIMAR, Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Matosinhos 4450-208, Portugal
| | - Zakaria Tazart
- Water, Biodiversity and Climate Change Laboratory, Faculty of Sciences Semlalia, Cadi Ayyad University, Marrakech 40000, Morocco; AgroBioSciences, Plant Stress Physiology Laboratory, Mohammed VI Polytechnic University, Benguerir 43150, Morocco
| | - Richard Mugani
- Water, Biodiversity and Climate Change Laboratory, Faculty of Sciences Semlalia, Cadi Ayyad University, Marrakech 40000, Morocco
| | - Soukaina El Amrani Zerrifi
- Water, Biodiversity and Climate Change Laboratory, Faculty of Sciences Semlalia, Cadi Ayyad University, Marrakech 40000, Morocco; Higher Institute of Nurses Professions and Health Techniques of Guelmim, Guelmim 81000, Morocco
| | - Mohammed Haida
- Water, Biodiversity and Climate Change Laboratory, Faculty of Sciences Semlalia, Cadi Ayyad University, Marrakech 40000, Morocco
| | - Ana M García
- Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingenieros Industriales, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (ETSII-UPM), Madrid 28006, Spain
| | - Alexandre Campos
- CIIMAR, Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Matosinhos 4450-208, Portugal
| | - Majida Lahrouni
- Water, Biodiversity and Climate Change Laboratory, Faculty of Sciences Semlalia, Cadi Ayyad University, Marrakech 40000, Morocco
| | - Khalid Oufdou
- Laboratory of Microbial Biotechnologies, Agrosciences, and Environment (BioMAgE), Labeled Research Unit-CNRST N°4, Faculty of Sciences Semlalia, Cadi Ayyad University, Marrakech 40000, Morocco
| | - Vitor Vasconcelos
- CIIMAR, Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Matosinhos 4450-208, Portugal; Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, Porto 4169-007, Portugal
| | - Brahim Oudra
- Water, Biodiversity and Climate Change Laboratory, Faculty of Sciences Semlalia, Cadi Ayyad University, Marrakech 40000, Morocco
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Cyanotoxins uptake and accumulation in crops: Phytotoxicity and implications on human health. Toxicon 2022; 211:21-35. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2022.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2021] [Revised: 03/03/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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Role of Rhizospheric Microbiota as a Bioremediation Tool for the Protection of Soil-Plant Systems from Microcystins Phytotoxicity and Mitigating Toxin-Related Health Risk. Microorganisms 2021; 9:microorganisms9081747. [PMID: 34442826 PMCID: PMC8402104 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9081747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2021] [Revised: 08/03/2021] [Accepted: 08/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Frequent toxic cyanoblooms in eutrophic freshwaters produce various cyanotoxins such as the monocyclic heptapeptides microcystins (MCs), known as deleterious compounds to plant growth and human health. Recently, MCs are a recurrent worldwide sanitary problem in irrigation waters and farmland soils due to their transfer and accumulation in the edible tissues of vegetable produce. In such cases, studies about the persistence and removal of MCs in soil are scarce and not fully investigated. In this study, we carried out a greenhouse trial on two crop species: faba bean (Vicia faba var. Alfia 321) and common wheat (Triticum aestivum var. Achtar) that were grown in sterile (microorganism-free soil) and non-sterile (microorganism-rich soil) soils and subjected to MC-induced stress at 100 µg equivalent MC-LR L−1. The experimentation aimed to assess the prominent role of native rhizospheric microbiota in mitigating the phytotoxic impact of MCs on plant growth and reducing their accumulation in both soils and plant tissues. Moreover, we attempted to evaluate the health risk related to the consumption of MC-polluted plants for humans and cattle by determining the estimated daily intake (EDI) and health risk quotient (RQ) of MCs in these plants. Biodegradation was liable to be the main removal pathway of the toxin in the soil; and therefore, bulk soil (unplanted soil), as well as rhizospheric soil (planted soil), were used in this experiment to evaluate the accumulation of MCs in the presence and absence of microorganisms (sterile and non-sterile soils). The data obtained in this study showed that MCs had no significant effects on growth indicators of faba bean and common wheat plants in non-sterile soil as compared to the control group. In contrast, plants grown in sterile soil showed a significant decrease in growth parameters as compared to the control. These results suggest that MCs were highly bioavailable to the plants, resulting in severe growth impairments in the absence of native rhizospheric microbiota. Likewise, MCs were more accumulated in sterile soil and more bioconcentrated in root and shoot tissues of plants grown within when compared to non-sterile soil. Thereby, the EDI of MCs in plants grown in sterile soil was more beyond the tolerable daily intake recommended for both humans and cattle. The risk level was more pronounced in plants from the sterile soil than those from the non-sterile one. These findings suggest that microbial activity, eventually MC-biodegradation, is a crucial bioremediation tool to remove and prevent MCs from entering the agricultural food chain.
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Impacts of Microcystins on Morphological and Physiological Parameters of Agricultural Plants: A Review. PLANTS 2021; 10:plants10040639. [PMID: 33800599 PMCID: PMC8065763 DOI: 10.3390/plants10040639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2021] [Revised: 03/22/2021] [Accepted: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Cyanobacteria are a group of photosynthetic prokaryotes that pose a great concern in the aquatic environments related to contamination and poisoning of wild life and humans. Some species of cyanobacteria produce potent toxins such as microcystins (MCs), which are extremely aggressive to several organisms, including animals and humans. In order to protect human health and prevent human exposure to this type of organisms and toxins, regulatory limits for MCs in drinking water have been established in most countries. In this regard, the World Health Organization (WHO) proposed 1 µg MCs/L as the highest acceptable concentration in drinking water. However, regulatory limits were not defined in waters used in other applications/activities, constituting a potential threat to the environment and to human health. Indeed, water contaminated with MCs or other cyanotoxins is recurrently used in agriculture and for crop and food production. Several deleterious effects of MCs including a decrease in growth, tissue necrosis, inhibition of photosynthesis and metabolic changes have been reported in plants leading to the impairment of crop productivity and economic loss. Studies have also revealed significant accumulation of MCs in edible tissues and plant organs, which raise concerns related to food safety. This work aims to systematize and analyze the information generated by previous scientific studies, namely on the phytotoxicity and the impact of MCs especially on growth, photosynthesis and productivity of agricultural plants. Morphological and physiological parameters of agronomic interest are overviewed in detail in this work, with the aim to evaluate the putative impact of MCs under field conditions. Finally, concentration-dependent effects are highlighted, as these can assist in future guidelines for irrigation waters and establish regulatory limits for MCs.
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Redouane EM, Lahrouni M, Martins JC, El Amrani Zerrifi S, Benidire L, Douma M, Aziz F, Oufdou K, Mandi L, Campos A, Vasconcelos V, Oudra B. Protective Role of Native Rhizospheric Soil Microbiota Against the Exposure to Microcystins Introduced into Soil-Plant System via Contaminated Irrigation Water and Health Risk Assessment. Toxins (Basel) 2021; 13:toxins13020118. [PMID: 33562776 PMCID: PMC7914557 DOI: 10.3390/toxins13020118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2021] [Revised: 01/30/2021] [Accepted: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Microcystins (MCs) produced in eutrophic waters may decrease crop yield, enter food chains and threaten human and animal health. The main objective of this research was to highlight the role of rhizospheric soil microbiota to protect faba bean plants from MCs toxicity after chronic exposure. Faba bean seedlings were grown in pots containing agricultural soil, during 1 month under natural environmental conditions of Marrakech city in Morocco (March–April 2018) and exposed to cyanobacterial extracts containing up to 2.5 mg·L−1 of total MCs. Three independent exposure experiments were performed (a) agricultural soil was maintained intact “exposure experiment 1”; (b) agricultural soil was sterilized “exposure experiment 2”; (c) agricultural soil was sterilized and inoculated with the rhizobia strain Rhizobium leguminosarum RhOF34 “exposure experiment 3”. Overall, data showed evidence of an increased sensitivity of faba bean plants, grown in sterilized soil, to MCs in comparison to those grown in intact and inoculated soils. The study revealed the growth inhibition of plant shoots in both exposure experiments 2 and 3 when treated with 2.5 mg·L−1 of MCs. The results also showed that the estimated daily intake (EDI) of MCs, in sterilized soil, exceeded 2.18 and 1.16 times the reference concentrations (0.04 and 0.45 µg of microcysin-leucine arginine (MC-LR). Kg−1 DW) established for humans and cattle respectively, which raises concerns about human food chain contamination.
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Affiliation(s)
- El Mahdi Redouane
- Water, Biodiversity and Climate change Laboratory, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences Semlalia, Cadi Ayyad University, Av. Prince My Abdellah, P.O. Box 2390, Marrakech 40000, Morocco; (E.M.R.); (S.E.A.Z.); (F.A.); (L.M.); (B.O.)
| | - Majida Lahrouni
- Bioactives, Health and Environement Laboratory, Biology, Environement & Health Research Unit, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences and technology, Moulay Ismail University, B.P. 509 Boutalamine, Errachidia 52000, Morocco;
| | - José Carlos Martins
- CIIMAR, Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Av. General Norton de MatosMatosinhos, 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal; (J.C.M.); (A.C.)
| | - Soukaina El Amrani Zerrifi
- Water, Biodiversity and Climate change Laboratory, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences Semlalia, Cadi Ayyad University, Av. Prince My Abdellah, P.O. Box 2390, Marrakech 40000, Morocco; (E.M.R.); (S.E.A.Z.); (F.A.); (L.M.); (B.O.)
| | - Loubna Benidire
- Plant Biotechnology Laboratory BiotecV, Laayoune Higher School of Technology, Ibn Zohr University, 25 Mars P.B. 3007, Laayoune 70000, Morocco;
| | - Mountassir Douma
- Laboratory of Chemistry, Modeling and Evironmental Sciences, Polydisciplinary Faculty of Khouribga (F.P.K), Sultan Moulay Slimane University, P.B. 145, Khouribga 25000, Morocco;
| | - Faissal Aziz
- Water, Biodiversity and Climate change Laboratory, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences Semlalia, Cadi Ayyad University, Av. Prince My Abdellah, P.O. Box 2390, Marrakech 40000, Morocco; (E.M.R.); (S.E.A.Z.); (F.A.); (L.M.); (B.O.)
- National Center for Studies and Research on Water and Energy (CNEREE), Cadi Ayyad University, B.P. 511, Av. Abdelkrim Elkhattabi, Marrakech 40000, Morocco
| | - Khalid Oufdou
- Laboratory of Microbial Biotechnologies, Agrosciences and Environment (BioMAgE) Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences Semlalia, Cadi Ayyad University, Av. Prince My Abdellah, P.O. Box 2390, Marrakech 40000, Morocco;
| | - Laila Mandi
- Water, Biodiversity and Climate change Laboratory, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences Semlalia, Cadi Ayyad University, Av. Prince My Abdellah, P.O. Box 2390, Marrakech 40000, Morocco; (E.M.R.); (S.E.A.Z.); (F.A.); (L.M.); (B.O.)
- National Center for Studies and Research on Water and Energy (CNEREE), Cadi Ayyad University, B.P. 511, Av. Abdelkrim Elkhattabi, Marrakech 40000, Morocco
| | - Alexandre Campos
- CIIMAR, Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Av. General Norton de MatosMatosinhos, 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal; (J.C.M.); (A.C.)
| | - Vitor Vasconcelos
- CIIMAR, Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Av. General Norton de MatosMatosinhos, 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal; (J.C.M.); (A.C.)
- Departament of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +351-223401817
| | - Brahim Oudra
- Water, Biodiversity and Climate change Laboratory, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences Semlalia, Cadi Ayyad University, Av. Prince My Abdellah, P.O. Box 2390, Marrakech 40000, Morocco; (E.M.R.); (S.E.A.Z.); (F.A.); (L.M.); (B.O.)
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Petrou M, Karas PA, Vasileiadis S, Zafiriadis I, Papadimitriou T, Levizou E, Kormas K, Karpouzas DG. Irrigation of radish (Raphanus sativus L.) with microcystin-enriched water holds low risk for plants and their associated rhizopheric and epiphytic microbiome. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2020; 266:115208. [PMID: 32683235 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2020.115208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2020] [Revised: 07/01/2020] [Accepted: 07/06/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Microcystins (MCs) are toxins produced during cyanobacterial blooms. They reach soil and translocated to plants through irrigation of agricultural land with water from MC-impacted freshwater systems. To date we have good understanding of MC effects on plants, but not for their effects on plant-associated microbiota. We tested the hypothesis that MC-LR, either alone or with other stressors present in the water of the Karla reservoir (a low ecological quality and MC-impacted freshwater system), would affect radish plants and their rhizospheric and phyllospheric microbiome. In this context a pot experiment was employed where radish plants were irrigated with tap water without MC-LR (control) or with 2 or 12 μg L-1 of pure MC-LR (MC2 and MC12), or water from the Karla reservoir amended (12 μg L-1) or not with MC-LR. We measured MC levels in plants and rhizospheric soil and we determined effects on (i) plant growth and physiology (ii) the nitrifying microorganisms via q-PCR, (ii) the diversity of bacterial and fungal rhizospheric and epiphytic communities via amplicon sequencing. MC-LR and/or Karla water treatments resulted in the accumulation of MC in taproot at levels (480-700 ng g-1) entailing possible health risks. MC did not affect plant growth or physiology and it did not impose a consistent inhibitory effect on soil nitrifiers. Karla water rather than MC-LR was the stronger determinant of the rhizospheric and epiphytic microbial communities, suggesting the presence of biotic or abiotic stressors, other than MC-LR, in the water of the Karla reservoir which affect microorganisms with a potential role (i.e. pathogens inhibition, methylotrophy) in the homeostasis of the plant-soil system. Overall, our findings suggest that MC-LR, when applied at environmentally relevant concentrations, is not expected to adversely affect the radish-microbiota system but might still pose risk for consumers' health.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Petrou
- University of Thessaly, Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Laboratory of Plant and Environmental Biotechnology, Viopolis, 41500, Larissa, Greece
| | - P A Karas
- University of Thessaly, Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Laboratory of Plant and Environmental Biotechnology, Viopolis, 41500, Larissa, Greece
| | - S Vasileiadis
- University of Thessaly, Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Laboratory of Plant and Environmental Biotechnology, Viopolis, 41500, Larissa, Greece
| | - I Zafiriadis
- University of Thessaly, Department of Agriculture, Crop Production and Agricultural Environment, Fytokou, 38446, Nea Ionia, Volos, Greece
| | - T Papadimitriou
- University of Thessaly, Department of Agriculture, Ichthyology & Aquatic Environment, Fytokou, 38446, Nea Ionia, Volos, Greece
| | - E Levizou
- University of Thessaly, Department of Agriculture, Crop Production and Agricultural Environment, Fytokou, 38446, Nea Ionia, Volos, Greece
| | - K Kormas
- University of Thessaly, Department of Agriculture, Ichthyology & Aquatic Environment, Fytokou, 38446, Nea Ionia, Volos, Greece
| | - D G Karpouzas
- University of Thessaly, Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Laboratory of Plant and Environmental Biotechnology, Viopolis, 41500, Larissa, Greece.
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Llana-Ruiz-Cabello M, Jos A, Cameán A, Oliveira F, Barreiro A, Machado J, Azevedo J, Pinto E, Almeida A, Campos A, Vasconcelos V, Freitas M. Analysis of the Use of Cylindrospermopsin and/or Microcystin-Contaminated Water in the Growth, Mineral Content, and Contamination of Spinacia oleracea and Lactuca sativa. Toxins (Basel) 2019; 11:E624. [PMID: 31661886 PMCID: PMC6891636 DOI: 10.3390/toxins11110624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2019] [Revised: 10/20/2019] [Accepted: 10/25/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Cyanobacteria and cyanotoxins constitute a serious environmental and human health problem. Moreover, concerns are raised with the use of contaminated water in agriculture and vegetable production as this can lead to food contamination and human exposure to toxins as well as impairment in crop development and productivity. The objective of this work was to assess the susceptibility of two green vegetables, spinach and lettuce, to the cyanotoxins microcystin (MC) and cylindrospermopsin (CYN), individually and in mixture. The study consisted of growing both vegetables in hydroponics, under controlled conditions, for 21 days in nutrient medium doped with MC or CYN at 10 μg/L and 50 μg/L, or CYN/MC mixture at 5 + 5 μg/L and 25 + 25 μg/L. Extracts from M. aeruginosa and C. ovalisporum were used as sources of toxins. The study revealed growth inhibition of the aerial part (Leaves) in both species when treated with 50µg/L of MC, CYN and CYN/MC mixture. MC showed to be more harmful to plant growth than CYN. Moreover spinach leaves growth was inhibited by both 5 + 5 and 25 + 25 µg/L CYN/MC mixtures, whereas lettuce leaves growth was inhibited only by 25 + 25 µg/L CYN/MC mixture. Overall, growth data evidence increased sensitivity of spinach to cyanotoxins in comparison to lettuce. On the other hand, plants exposed to CYN/MC mixture showed differential accumulation of CYN and MC. In addition, CYN, but not MC, was translocated from the roots to the leaves. CYN and MC affected the levels of minerals particularly in plant roots. The elements most affected were Ca, K and Mg. However, in leaves K was the mineral that was affected by exposure to cyanotoxins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Llana-Ruiz-Cabello
- Area of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidad de Sevilla, Profesor García González n°2, 41012 Seville, Spain.
| | - Angeles Jos
- Area of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidad de Sevilla, Profesor García González n°2, 41012 Seville, Spain.
| | - Ana Cameán
- Area of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidad de Sevilla, Profesor García González n°2, 41012 Seville, Spain.
| | - Flavio Oliveira
- CIIMAR/CIMAR, Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, University of Porto, Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Av. General Norton de Matos, s/n, 4450-208 Porto, Portugal.
| | - Aldo Barreiro
- CIIMAR/CIMAR, Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, University of Porto, Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Av. General Norton de Matos, s/n, 4450-208 Porto, Portugal.
| | - Joana Machado
- CIIMAR/CIMAR, Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, University of Porto, Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Av. General Norton de Matos, s/n, 4450-208 Porto, Portugal.
| | - Joana Azevedo
- CIIMAR/CIMAR, Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, University of Porto, Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Av. General Norton de Matos, s/n, 4450-208 Porto, Portugal.
| | - Edgar Pinto
- LAQV/REQUIMTE, Departament of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Rua Jorge de Viterbo Ferreira 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal.
- Polytechnic Institute of Porto, Department of Environmental Health, School of Health, CISA/Research Center in Environment and Health, Rua Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida, 400, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal.
| | - Agostinho Almeida
- LAQV/REQUIMTE, Departament of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Rua Jorge de Viterbo Ferreira 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal.
| | - Alexandre Campos
- CIIMAR/CIMAR, Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, University of Porto, Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Av. General Norton de Matos, s/n, 4450-208 Porto, Portugal.
| | - Vitor Vasconcelos
- CIIMAR/CIMAR, Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, University of Porto, Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Av. General Norton de Matos, s/n, 4450-208 Porto, Portugal.
- Biology Department, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre, s/n, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal.
| | - Marisa Freitas
- CIIMAR/CIMAR, Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, University of Porto, Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Av. General Norton de Matos, s/n, 4450-208 Porto, Portugal.
- Polytechnic Institute of Porto, Department of Environmental Health, School of Health, CISA/Research Center in Environment and Health, Rua Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida, 400, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal.
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Redouane EM, El Amrani Zerrifi S, El Khalloufi F, Oufdou K, Oudra B, Lahrouni M, Campos A, Vasconcelos V. Mode of action and fate of microcystins in the complex soil-plant ecosystems. CHEMOSPHERE 2019; 225:270-281. [PMID: 30877921 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2018] [Revised: 01/17/2019] [Accepted: 03/03/2019] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Over the last decades, global warming has increasingly stimulated the expansion of cyanobacterial blooms in freshwater ecosystems worldwide, in which toxic cyanobacteria produce various congeners of cyanotoxins, mainly dominated by microcystins (MCs). MCs introduced into agricultural soils have deleterious effects on the germination, growth and development of plants and their associated microbiota, leading to remarkable yield losses. Phytotoxicity of MCs may refer to the inhibition of phosphatases activity, generating deleterious reactive oxygen species, altering gene functioning and phytohormones translocation within the plant. It is also known that MCs can pass through the root membrane barrier, translocate within plant tissues and accumulate into different organs, including edible ones. Also, MCs impact the microbial activity in soil via altering plant-bacterial symbioses and decreasing bacterial growth rate of rhizospheric microbiota. Moreover, MCs can persist in agricultural soils through adsorption to clay-humic acid particles and results in a long-term contact with the plant-microflora complex. However, their bioavailability to plants and half-life in soil seem to be influenced by biodegradation process and soil physicochemical properties. This review reports the latest and most relevant information regarding MCs-phytotoxicity and impact on soil microbiota, the persistence in soil, the degradation by native microflora and the bioaccumulation within plant tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- El Mahdi Redouane
- Laboratory of Biology and Biotechnology of Microorganisms, Faculty of Sciences Semlalia Marrakech, Cadi Ayyad University, Av. Prince My Abdellah P.O. Box 2390, Marrakech, 40000, Morocco
| | - Soukaina El Amrani Zerrifi
- Laboratory of Biology and Biotechnology of Microorganisms, Faculty of Sciences Semlalia Marrakech, Cadi Ayyad University, Av. Prince My Abdellah P.O. Box 2390, Marrakech, 40000, Morocco
| | - Fatima El Khalloufi
- Laboratory of Biology and Biotechnology of Microorganisms, Faculty of Sciences Semlalia Marrakech, Cadi Ayyad University, Av. Prince My Abdellah P.O. Box 2390, Marrakech, 40000, Morocco; Polydisciplinary Faculty of Khouribga (FPK), Sultan Moulay Slimane University, BP. 145 Khouribga, 25000, Morocco
| | - Khalid Oufdou
- Laboratory of Biology and Biotechnology of Microorganisms, Faculty of Sciences Semlalia Marrakech, Cadi Ayyad University, Av. Prince My Abdellah P.O. Box 2390, Marrakech, 40000, Morocco
| | - Brahim Oudra
- Laboratory of Biology and Biotechnology of Microorganisms, Faculty of Sciences Semlalia Marrakech, Cadi Ayyad University, Av. Prince My Abdellah P.O. Box 2390, Marrakech, 40000, Morocco
| | - Majida Lahrouni
- Laboratory of Biology and Biotechnology of Microorganisms, Faculty of Sciences Semlalia Marrakech, Cadi Ayyad University, Av. Prince My Abdellah P.O. Box 2390, Marrakech, 40000, Morocco; Department of Biology, Faculty of Science and Techniques, BP. 509, 52000, Boutalamine, Errachidia, Morocco
| | - Alexandre Campos
- CIIMAR, Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, Terminal de Cruzeiros Do Porto de Leixões, Av. General Norton de Matos, S/n, 4450-208, Matosinhos, Portugal
| | - Vitor Vasconcelos
- CIIMAR, Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, Terminal de Cruzeiros Do Porto de Leixões, Av. General Norton de Matos, S/n, 4450-208, Matosinhos, Portugal; Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, Rua Do Campo Alegre, 4169-007, Porto, Portugal.
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Cao Q, Steinman AD, Wan X, Xie L. Bioaccumulation of microcystin congeners in soil-plant system and human health risk assessment: A field study from Lake Taihu region of China. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2018; 240:44-50. [PMID: 29729568 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2018.04.067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2018] [Revised: 03/29/2018] [Accepted: 04/15/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
A 120-day field study was carried out near Lake Taihu to evaluate the bioaccumulation of microcystin (MC) congeners in a soil-plant system, as well as to assess human health risk when consuming edible plants irrigated with MCs-contaminated water. Natural cyanobacteria bloom-containing lake water (lake water) and half-diluted natural cyanobacteria bloom-containing lake water with tap water (half-lake water) were used to irrigate lettuce and rice. An additional treatment involving fertilization with a cyanobacteria bloom was applied just to the lettuce experiment. MCs in soils, roots, leaves and grains (rice) were detected. In the soil-lettuce system, the three MC congeners in soils fertilized with a cyanobacteria bloom were not detected. The highest concentrations of MCs detected in soils, lettuce roots and leaves were 24.8 (MC-LR 10.1, MC-RR 10.5, MC-YR 4.2) μg kg-1, 424 (MC-LR 168, MC-RR 194, MC-YR 61.5) μg kg-1 and 183 (MC-LR 78.0, MC-RR 76.8, MC-YR 28.1) μg kg-1, respectively, in the lake water treatment. In the soil-rice system, the highest concentration of MCs was accumulated in roots 1504 (MC-LR 634, MC-RR 573, MC-YR 297) μg kg-1, in the lake water treatment. However, the concentration of MCs that accumulated in grains was extremely low with a total MCs concentration of 5.2 (MC-LR 2.1, MC-RR 2.0, MC-YR 1.1) μg kg-1 in the lake water treatment. According to the estimated daily intake (EDI) value, fertilizing with an appropriate amount (0.2% or less, w/w, dry weight (DW)) of a cyanobacteria bloom, as well as consuming rice irrigated with lake water would not pose a threat to human health. However, the EDI values for both adults and children reached tolerable daily intake (TDI) value, assuming they consumed lettuce irrigated with lake water. Results obtained from the growth and yield indicators suggest that MCs bioaccumulation in edible plants is not necessarily coupled with phytotoxic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 73 East Beijing Road, Nanjing 210008, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Alan D Steinman
- Annis Water Resources Institute, Grand Valley State University, 740 West Shoreline Drive, Muskegon, MI 49441, USA
| | - Xiang Wan
- State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 73 East Beijing Road, Nanjing 210008, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Liqiang Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 73 East Beijing Road, Nanjing 210008, China.
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10
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Cao Q, Steinman AD, Wan X, Xie L. Combined toxicity of microcystin-LR and copper on lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.). CHEMOSPHERE 2018; 206:474-482. [PMID: 29775940 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2018.05.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2018] [Revised: 05/06/2018] [Accepted: 05/09/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Microcystins and copper commonly co-exist in the natural environment, but their combined toxicity remains unclear, especially in terrestrial plants. The present study investigated the toxicity effects of microcystin-LR (0, 5, 50, 500, 1000 μg L-1) and copper (0, 50, 500, 1000, 2000 μg L-1), both individually and in mixture, on the germination, growth and oxidative response of lettuce. The bioaccumulation of microcystin-LR and copper was also evaluated. Results showed that the decrease in lettuce germination induced by copper alone was not significantly different from that induced by the mixture, and the combined toxicity assessment showed a simple additive effect. Lettuce growth was not significantly reduced by microcystin-LR alone, whereas it was significantly reduced by copper alone and the mixture when copper concentration was higher than 500 μg L-1. High concentrations of microcystin-LR (1000 μg L-1) and copper (≥50 μg L-1),as well as their mixture (≥50 + 500 μg L-1), induced oxidative stress in lettuce. A synergistic effect on the growth and antioxidative system of lettuce was observed when exposed to low concentrations of the mixture (≤50 + 500 μg L-1), whereas an antagonistic effect was observed at high concentrations (≥1000 + 2000 μg L-1). Moreover, the interaction of microcystin-LR and copper can increase their accumulation in lettuce. Our results suggest that the toxicity effects of microcystin-LR and copper are exacerbated when they co-exist in the natural environment at low concentrations, which not only negatively affects plant growth but also poses a potential risk to human health via the food chain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 73 East Beijing Road, Nanjing 210008, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Alan D Steinman
- Annis Water Resources Institute, Grand Valley State University, 740 West Shoreline Drive, Muskegon, MI 49441, USA
| | - Xiang Wan
- State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 73 East Beijing Road, Nanjing 210008, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Liqiang Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 73 East Beijing Road, Nanjing 210008, China.
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11
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Cao Q, Rediske RR, Yao L, Xie L. Effect of microcystins on root growth, oxidative response, and exudation of rice (Oryza sativa). ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2018; 149:143-149. [PMID: 29156306 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2017.11.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2017] [Revised: 11/02/2017] [Accepted: 11/09/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
A 30 days indoor hydroponic experiment was carried out to evaluate the effect of microcystins (MCs) on rice root morphology and exudation, as well as bioaccumulation of MCs in rice. MCs were bioaccumulated in rice with the greatest concentrations being observed in the leaves (113.68μgg-1 Fresh weight (FW)) when exposed to 500μgL-1 MCs. Root activity at 500μgL-1 decreased 37%, compared to the control. MCs also induced disruption of the antioxidant system and lipid peroxidation in rice roots. Root growth was significantly inhibited by MCs. Root weight, length; surface area and volume were significantly decreased, as well as crown root number and lateral root number. After 30 days exposure to MCs, an increase was found in tartaric acid and malic acid while the other organic acids were not affected. Glycine, tyrosine, and glutamate were the only amino acids stimulated at MCs concentrations of 500μgL-1. Similarly, dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and carbohydrate at 50 and 500μgL-1 treatments were significantly increased. The increase of DOC and carbohydrate in root exudates was due to rice root membrane permeability changes induced by MCs. Overall, this study indicated that MCs significantly inhibited rice root growth and affected root exudation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 73 East Beijing Road, Nanjing 210008, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Richard R Rediske
- Annis Water Resources Institute, Grand Valley State University, 740 West Shoreline Drive, Muskegon, MI 49441, USA
| | - Lei Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 73 East Beijing Road, Nanjing 210008, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Liqiang Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 73 East Beijing Road, Nanjing 210008, China.
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12
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Srivastava A, Chun SJ, Ko SR, Kim J, Ahn CY, Oh HM. Floating rice-culture system for nutrient remediation and feed production in a eutrophic lake. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2017; 203:342-348. [PMID: 28806650 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2017.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2017] [Revised: 08/01/2017] [Accepted: 08/05/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The increased inputs of nutrients have been demonstrated to be a major contributing factor to the eutrophication of lakes and reservoirs which can lead to the production of harmful algal/cyanobacterial blooms and deleteriously affect the aesthetics of water-bodies. Floating plant-culture systems have been widely used for the ecological remediation of eutrophic water in a cost-effective manner. We investigated the applicability of Korean japonica rice variety 'Nampyeong' in a floating-culture system in a eutrophic lake for nutrient uptake and biomass production. Chemical and organic compound compositions were analyzed two times during the growth stages of the rice plant: 98 DAT (days after transplanting) and 165 DAT. Total nitrogen and phosphorus contributed around 1.36 and 0.15 (% dry weight), respectively, in rice plant components at 165 DAT. Crude protein, lipids, fiber and ash were 4.35, 1.91, 23.66 and 5.55 (% dry weight), respectively. In addition, microcystin levels in the rice plant components ranged from 0.0008 to 0.002 μg/g and did not exceed the recommended tolerable limits. These results suggested that the developed floating rice-culture system showed a good potential as a holistic management approach in terms of nutrient reduction, rice production for further use as feed and for bloom control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ankita Srivastava
- Cell Factory Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, 125 Gwahak-ro, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong-Jun Chun
- Cell Factory Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, 125 Gwahak-ro, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea; Green Chemistry and Environmental Biotechnology, University of Science and Technology, 217 Gajeong-ro, Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea
| | - So-Ra Ko
- Cell Factory Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, 125 Gwahak-ro, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Junhwan Kim
- Crop Production and Physiology Division, National Institute of Crop Science, Jeollabuk-do 55365, Republic of Korea
| | - Chi-Yong Ahn
- Cell Factory Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, 125 Gwahak-ro, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea; Green Chemistry and Environmental Biotechnology, University of Science and Technology, 217 Gajeong-ro, Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee-Mock Oh
- Cell Factory Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, 125 Gwahak-ro, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea; Green Chemistry and Environmental Biotechnology, University of Science and Technology, 217 Gajeong-ro, Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea.
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13
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Cao Q, Steinman AD, Yao L, Xie L. Increment of root membrane permeability caused by microcystins result in more elements uptake in rice (Oryza sativa). ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2017; 145:431-435. [PMID: 28778041 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2017.07.066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2017] [Accepted: 07/27/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
We conducted an indoor culture experiment to evaluate the phytotoxic effect of microcystins (MCs) on rice. After a 30day exposure, MCs induced a clear inhibition in rice growth, as well as a disruption of its antioxidant system and lipid peroxidation. We observed an increase in root membrane permeability; the conductivity of the leakage solution of the roots at 50 and 500μgL-1 was significantly increased by 77% and 136%, respectively, compared to the control. Uptake of microelements (Fe, Mn, Cu and Zn) was generally not affected after the 30day exposure to MCs. In contrast, uptake of macroelements, with the exception of K, was stimulated by MCs. Ca content in roots exposed to 500μgL-1 showed the greatest increase, by 47%, compared to the control. We propose the following mechanisms to explain our experimental results: exposure of rice roots to MCs leads to root damage and loss of membrane integrity, resulting in greater permeability and uptake of elements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 73 East Beijing Road, Nanjing 210008, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Alan D Steinman
- Annis Water Resources Institute, Grand Valley State University, 740 West Shoreline Drive, Muskegon, MI 49441, USA
| | - Lei Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 73 East Beijing Road, Nanjing 210008, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Liqiang Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 73 East Beijing Road, Nanjing 210008, China.
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14
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Machado J, Campos A, Vasconcelos V, Freitas M. Effects of microcystin-LR and cylindrospermopsin on plant-soil systems: A review of their relevance for agricultural plant quality and public health. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2017; 153:191-204. [PMID: 27702441 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2016.09.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2016] [Revised: 09/18/2016] [Accepted: 09/19/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Toxic cyanobacterial blooms are recognized as an emerging environmental threat worldwide. Although microcystin-LR is the most frequently documented cyanotoxin, studies on cylindrospermopsin have been increasing due to the invasive nature of cylindrospermopsin-producing cyanobacteria. The number of studies regarding the effects of cyanotoxins on agricultural plants has increased in recent years, and it has been suggested that the presence of microcystin-LR and cylindrospermopsin in irrigation water may cause toxic effects in edible plants. The uptake of these cyanotoxins by agricultural plants has been shown to induce morphological and physiological changes that lead to a potential loss of productivity. There is also evidence that edible terrestrial plants can bioaccumulate cyanotoxins in their tissues in a concentration dependent-manner. Moreover, the number of consecutive cycles of watering and planting in addition to the potential persistence of microcystin-LR and cylindrospermopsin in the environment are likely to result in groundwater contamination. The use of cyanotoxin-contaminated water for agricultural purposes may therefore represent a threat to both food security and food safety. However, the deleterious effects of cyanotoxins on agricultural plants and public health seem to be dependent on the concentrations studied, which in most cases are non-environmentally relevant. Interestingly, at ecologically relevant concentrations, the productivity and nutritional quality of some agricultural plants seem not to be impaired and may even be enhanced. However, studies assessing if the potential tolerance of agricultural plants to these concentrations can result in cyanotoxin and allergen accumulation in the edible tissues are lacking. This review combines the most current information available regarding this topic with a realistic assessment of the impact of cyanobacterial toxins on agricultural plants, groundwater quality and public health.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Machado
- Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research (CIIMAR/CIMAR), University of Porto, Rua dos Bragas 289, P 4050-123 Porto, Portugal
| | - A Campos
- Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research (CIIMAR/CIMAR), University of Porto, Rua dos Bragas 289, P 4050-123 Porto, Portugal
| | - V Vasconcelos
- Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research (CIIMAR/CIMAR), University of Porto, Rua dos Bragas 289, P 4050-123 Porto, Portugal; Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre, P 4069-007 Porto, Portugal
| | - M Freitas
- Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research (CIIMAR/CIMAR), University of Porto, Rua dos Bragas 289, P 4050-123 Porto, Portugal; Polytechnic Institute of Porto, Department of Environmental Health, School of Allied Health Technologies, CISA/Research Center in Environment and Health, Rua de Valente Perfeito, 322, P 440-330 Gaia, Portugal.
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15
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Loutou M, Hajjaji M, Mansori M, Favotto C, Hakkou R. Heated blends of phosphate waste: Microstructure characterization, effects of processing factors and use as a phosphorus source for alfalfa growth. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2016; 177:169-176. [PMID: 27100329 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2016.04.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2014] [Revised: 11/17/2015] [Accepted: 04/10/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Microstructure of expandable lightweight aggregates (LWAs), which was composed of phosphate waste (PW), cement kiln dust (CKD) and raw clay (RC) was investigated, and the effects of processing factors (temperature, waste content, soaking time) on their physical properties were quantified by using response surface methodology (RSM). The potential use of LWAs as a phosphorus source was assessed through the use of seeds of alfalfa. It was found that the main minerals of the waste, namely carbonates and fluorapatite, were involved in the formation of labradorite/anorthite and melt respectively. Stability of mullite- the main constituent of CKD- was sensitive to the melt content. The assemblage of the identified phases was discussed based on the CaO-SiO2-Al2O3 phase diagram. The results of RSM showed that the change of compressive strength, firing shrinkage and water absorption of LWAs versus processing factors was well described with a polynomial model and the weights of the effects of the factors increased in the following order: sintering temperature > waste content (in the case of PW-RC) > soaking time. On the other hand, it was found that due to the release of phosphorus by soil-embedded pellets, the growth of alfalfa plants improved, and the rate enhanced in this order: PW-RC > PW-CKD > PW-CKD-RC. The absorbed quantity of phosphorus (0.12%) was still lower than the common uptake amount.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Loutou
- LPCME, URAC20, Université Cadi Ayyad, Faculté des Sciences Semlalia, Bd. Prince My Abdellah, B.P. 2390, 40001 Marrakech, Morocco; LCME, Université Cadi Ayyad, Faculté des Sciences et Techniques, Av. A. Khattabi, B.P. 549, 40000 Marrakech, Morocco; IM2NP, Institut des Matériaux Microélectronique Nanosciences de Provence, Université du Sud Toulon-Var, Bât. R e B.P. 20132, 83 957 La Garde Cedex, France
| | - M Hajjaji
- LPCME, URAC20, Université Cadi Ayyad, Faculté des Sciences Semlalia, Bd. Prince My Abdellah, B.P. 2390, 40001 Marrakech, Morocco.
| | - M Mansori
- LCME, Université Cadi Ayyad, Faculté des Sciences et Techniques, Av. A. Khattabi, B.P. 549, 40000 Marrakech, Morocco
| | - C Favotto
- IM2NP, Institut des Matériaux Microélectronique Nanosciences de Provence, Université du Sud Toulon-Var, Bât. R e B.P. 20132, 83 957 La Garde Cedex, France
| | - R Hakkou
- LCME, Université Cadi Ayyad, Faculté des Sciences et Techniques, Av. A. Khattabi, B.P. 549, 40000 Marrakech, Morocco
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16
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Lahrouni M, Oufdou K, El Khalloufi F, Benidire L, Albert S, Göttfert M, Caviedes MA, Rodriguez-Llorente ID, Oudra B, Pajuelo E. Microcystin-tolerant Rhizobium protects plants and improves nitrogen assimilation in Vicia faba irrigated with microcystin-containing waters. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2016; 23:10037-10049. [PMID: 26865488 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-016-6223-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2015] [Accepted: 02/01/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Irrigation of crops with microcystins (MCs)-containing waters-due to cyanobacterial blooms-affects plant productivity and could be a way for these potent toxins entering the food chain. This study was performed to establish whether MC-tolerant rhizobia could benefit growth, nodulation, and nitrogen metabolism of faba bean plants irrigated with MC-containing waters. For that, three different rhizobial strains-with different sensitivity toward MCs-were used: RhOF96 (most MC-sensitive strain), RhOF125 (most MC-tolerant strain), or Vicz1.1 (reference strain). As a control, plants grown without rhizobia and fertilized by NH4NO3 were included in the study. MC exposure decreased roots (30-37 %) and shoots (up to 15 %) dry weights in un-inoculated plants, whereas inoculation with rhizobia protects plants toward the toxic effects of MCs. Nodulation and nitrogen content were significantly impaired by MCs, with the exception of plants inoculated with the most tolerant strain RhOF125. In order to deep into the effect of inoculation on nitrogen metabolism, the nitrogen assimilatory enzymes (glutamine synthetase (GS) and glutamate synthase (GOGAT)) were investigated: Fertilized plants showed decreased levels (15-30 %) of these enzymes, both in shoots and roots. By contrast, inoculated plants retained the levels of these enzymes in shoots and roots, as well as the levels of NADH-GOGAT activity in nodules. We conclude that the microcystin-tolerant Rhizobium protects faba bean plants and improves nitrogen assimilation when grown in the presence of MCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Majida Lahrouni
- Laboratory of Biology and Biotechnology of Microorganisms, Environmental Microbiology and Toxicology Unit, Faculty of Sciences Semlalia, Cadi Ayyad University, PO Box 2390, Marrakech, Morocco
- Technische Universität Dresden, Institut für Genetik, Helmholtzstr. 10, D-01069, Dresden, Germany
- Departamento de Microbiología y Parasitología, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Sevilla, c/ Profesor García González, 2, 41012, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Khalid Oufdou
- Laboratory of Biology and Biotechnology of Microorganisms, Environmental Microbiology and Toxicology Unit, Faculty of Sciences Semlalia, Cadi Ayyad University, PO Box 2390, Marrakech, Morocco
| | - Fatima El Khalloufi
- Laboratory of Biology and Biotechnology of Microorganisms, Environmental Microbiology and Toxicology Unit, Faculty of Sciences Semlalia, Cadi Ayyad University, PO Box 2390, Marrakech, Morocco
- University Hassan 1st. Polydisciplinary Faculty of Khouribga, BP. 145, 25000, Khouribga, Morocco
| | - Loubna Benidire
- Laboratory of Biology and Biotechnology of Microorganisms, Environmental Microbiology and Toxicology Unit, Faculty of Sciences Semlalia, Cadi Ayyad University, PO Box 2390, Marrakech, Morocco
| | - Susann Albert
- Technische Universität Dresden, Institut für Genetik, Helmholtzstr. 10, D-01069, Dresden, Germany
| | - Michael Göttfert
- Technische Universität Dresden, Institut für Genetik, Helmholtzstr. 10, D-01069, Dresden, Germany
| | - Miguel A Caviedes
- Departamento de Microbiología y Parasitología, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Sevilla, c/ Profesor García González, 2, 41012, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Ignacio D Rodriguez-Llorente
- Departamento de Microbiología y Parasitología, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Sevilla, c/ Profesor García González, 2, 41012, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Brahim Oudra
- Laboratory of Biology and Biotechnology of Microorganisms, Environmental Microbiology and Toxicology Unit, Faculty of Sciences Semlalia, Cadi Ayyad University, PO Box 2390, Marrakech, Morocco
| | - Eloísa Pajuelo
- Departamento de Microbiología y Parasitología, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Sevilla, c/ Profesor García González, 2, 41012, Sevilla, Spain.
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17
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Luo J, Qi S, Gu XWS, Wang J, Xie X. An evaluation of EDTA additions for improving the phytoremediation efficiency of different plants under various cultivation systems. ECOTOXICOLOGY (LONDON, ENGLAND) 2016; 25:646-654. [PMID: 26846211 DOI: 10.1007/s10646-016-1623-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/28/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Previous studies have shown that phytoremediation usually requires soil amendments, such as chelates, to mobilize low bioavailability heavy metals for better plant absorption and, consequently, for remediation efficiency. A total dry biomass of 3.39 and 0.0138 kg per plant was produced by a phytoremediator, Eucalyptus globulus, and a nitrogen fixing crop, Cicer arietinum (chickpea), respectively. The accumulation of Pb in E. globulus and chickpea reached 1170.61 and 1.33 mg per plant (700 and 324 mg kg(-1)), respectively, under an ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid (EDTA) treatment, which was a five and sixfold increase over the value in untreated experiments, respectively. EDTA enhanced the phytoremediation efficiency and increased the heavy metal concentration in the soil solution. In pot experiments, approximately 27 % of the initial Pb leached from the spiked soil after EDTA and 25 mm artificial precipitation additions into soil without plants, which was considerably larger than the value under the same conditions without EDTA application (7 %). E. globulus planted in a mixed culture had higher water use efficiency than monocultures of either species in field experiments, and E. globulus intercepted almost all of the artificial precipitation in the pot experiments. This study demonstrates that E. globulus can maximize the potential of EDTA for improving the phytoremediation efficiency and minimizing its negative effects to the environment simultaneously by absorbing the metal-rich leachate, especially in a mixed culture of E. globulus and chickpeas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Luo
- China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, 430074, China.
- Guangdong Hydrogeology Battalion, Guangzhou, 510510, China.
| | - Shihua Qi
- China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - X W Sophie Gu
- The University of Melbourne, Victoria, VIC, 3010, Australia
| | - Jinji Wang
- Guangdong Hydrogeology Battalion, Guangzhou, 510510, China
| | - Xianming Xie
- Guangdong Hydrogeology Battalion, Guangzhou, 510510, China
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El Khalloufi F, Oufdou K, Bertrand M, Lahrouni M, Oudra B, Ortet P, Barakat M, Heulin T, Achouak W. Microbiote shift in the Medicago sativa rhizosphere in response to cyanotoxins extract exposure. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2016; 539:135-142. [PMID: 26356186 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2015.08.127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2015] [Revised: 07/06/2015] [Accepted: 08/24/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The bloom-containing water bodies may have an impact due to cyanotoxins production on other microorganisms and aquatic plants. Where such water is being used for crops irrigation, the presence of cyanotoxins may also have a toxic impact on terrestrial plants and their rhizosphere microbiota. For that purpose, PCR-based 454 pyrosequencing was applied to phylogenetically characterize the bacterial community of Medicago sativa rhizosphere in response to cyanotoxins extract. This analysis revealed a wide diversity at species level, which decreased from unplanted soil to root tissues indicating that only some populations were able to compete for nutrients and niches in this selective habitat. Gemmatimonas, Actinobacteria, Deltaproteobacteria and Opitutae mainly inhabited the bulk soil, whereas, the root-adhering soil and the root tissues were inhabited by Gammaproteobacteria and Alphaproteobacteria. The proportion of these populations fluctuated in response to cyanotoxins extract exposure. Betaproteobacteria proportion increased in the three studied compartments, whereas Gammaproteobacteria proportion decreased except in the bulk soil. This study revealed the potential toxicity of cyanotoxins extract towards Actinobacteria, Gemmatimonas, Deltaproteobacteria, and Gammaproteobacteria, however Clostridia, Opitutae and bacteria related with Betaproteobacteria, were stimulated denoting their tolerance. Altogether, these data indicate that crop irrigation using cyanotoxins containing water might alter the rhizosphere functioning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatima El Khalloufi
- CEA, DSV, IBEB, Lab Ecol Microb Rhizosphere & Environ Extrem (LEMiRE), 13108, Saint Paul-Lez-Durance, France; CNRS, BVME UMR 7265, ECCOREV FR 3098, 13108, Saint Paul-Lez-Durance, France; Aix Marseille Université, 13284 Marseille Cedex 07, France; Laboratory of Biology and Biotechnology of Microorganisms, Faculty of Sciences Semlalia, Cadi Ayyad University, PO Box 2390, Marrakech, Morocco; University Hassan 1st. Polydisciplinary Faculty of Khouribga, BP. 145, 25000 Khouribga, Morocco
| | - Khalid Oufdou
- Laboratory of Biology and Biotechnology of Microorganisms, Faculty of Sciences Semlalia, Cadi Ayyad University, PO Box 2390, Marrakech, Morocco
| | - Marie Bertrand
- CEA, DSV, IBEB, Lab Ecol Microb Rhizosphere & Environ Extrem (LEMiRE), 13108, Saint Paul-Lez-Durance, France; CNRS, BVME UMR 7265, ECCOREV FR 3098, 13108, Saint Paul-Lez-Durance, France; Aix Marseille Université, 13284 Marseille Cedex 07, France
| | - Majida Lahrouni
- Laboratory of Biology and Biotechnology of Microorganisms, Faculty of Sciences Semlalia, Cadi Ayyad University, PO Box 2390, Marrakech, Morocco
| | - Brahim Oudra
- Laboratory of Biology and Biotechnology of Microorganisms, Faculty of Sciences Semlalia, Cadi Ayyad University, PO Box 2390, Marrakech, Morocco
| | - Philippe Ortet
- CEA, DSV, IBEB, Lab Ecol Microb Rhizosphere & Environ Extrem (LEMiRE), 13108, Saint Paul-Lez-Durance, France; CNRS, BVME UMR 7265, ECCOREV FR 3098, 13108, Saint Paul-Lez-Durance, France; Aix Marseille Université, 13284 Marseille Cedex 07, France
| | - Mohamed Barakat
- CEA, DSV, IBEB, Lab Ecol Microb Rhizosphere & Environ Extrem (LEMiRE), 13108, Saint Paul-Lez-Durance, France; CNRS, BVME UMR 7265, ECCOREV FR 3098, 13108, Saint Paul-Lez-Durance, France; Aix Marseille Université, 13284 Marseille Cedex 07, France
| | - Thierry Heulin
- CEA, DSV, IBEB, Lab Ecol Microb Rhizosphere & Environ Extrem (LEMiRE), 13108, Saint Paul-Lez-Durance, France; CNRS, BVME UMR 7265, ECCOREV FR 3098, 13108, Saint Paul-Lez-Durance, France; Aix Marseille Université, 13284 Marseille Cedex 07, France
| | - Wafa Achouak
- CEA, DSV, IBEB, Lab Ecol Microb Rhizosphere & Environ Extrem (LEMiRE), 13108, Saint Paul-Lez-Durance, France; CNRS, BVME UMR 7265, ECCOREV FR 3098, 13108, Saint Paul-Lez-Durance, France; Aix Marseille Université, 13284 Marseille Cedex 07, France.
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Gutiérrez-Praena D, Campos A, Azevedo J, Neves J, Freitas M, Guzmán-Guillén R, Cameán AM, Renaut J, Vasconcelos V. Exposure of Lycopersicon esculentum to microcystin-LR: effects in the leaf proteome and toxin translocation from water to leaves and fruits. Toxins (Basel) 2014; 6:1837-54. [PMID: 24921194 PMCID: PMC4073132 DOI: 10.3390/toxins6061837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2014] [Revised: 05/30/2014] [Accepted: 06/03/2014] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Natural toxins such as those produced by freshwater cyanobacteria have been regarded as an emergent environmental threat. However, the impact of these water contaminants in agriculture is not yet fully understood. The aim of this work was to investigate microcystin-LR (MC-LR) toxicity in Lycopersicon esculentum and the toxin accumulation in this horticultural crop. Adult plants (2 month-old) grown in a greenhouse environment were exposed for 2 weeks to either pure MC-LR (100 μg/L) or Microcystis aeruginosa crude extracts containing 100 μg/L MC-LR. Chlorophyll fluorescence was measured, leaf proteome investigated with two-dimensional gel electrophoresis and Matrix Assisted Laser Desorption Ionization Time-of-Flight (MALDI-TOF)/TOF, and toxin bioaccumulation assessed by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS)/MS. Variations in several protein markers (ATP synthase subunits, Cytochrome b6-f complex iron-sulfur, oxygen-evolving enhancer proteins) highlight the decrease of the capacity of plants to synthesize ATP and to perform photosynthesis, whereas variations in other proteins (ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase large subunit and ribose-5-phosphate isomerase) suggest an increase of carbon fixation and decrease of carbohydrate metabolism reactions in plants exposed to pure MC-LR and cyanobacterial extracts, respectively. MC-LR was found in roots (1635.21 μg/kg fw), green tomatoes (5.15–5.41 μg/kg fw), mature tomatoes (10.52–10.83 μg/kg fw), and leaves (12,298.18 μg/kg fw). The results raise concerns relative to food safety and point to the necessity of monitoring the bioaccumulation of water toxins in agricultural systems affected by cyanotoxin contamination.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Alexandre Campos
- Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research (CIIMAR/CIMAR), Porto 4050-123, Portugal.
| | - Joana Azevedo
- Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research (CIIMAR/CIMAR), Porto 4050-123, Portugal.
| | - Joana Neves
- Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research (CIIMAR/CIMAR), Porto 4050-123, Portugal.
| | - Marisa Freitas
- Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research (CIIMAR/CIMAR), Porto 4050-123, Portugal.
| | | | - Ana María Cameán
- Area of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Seville, Seville 41012, Spain.
| | - Jenny Renaut
- Department of Environment and Agro-biotechnologies (EVA), Centre de Recherche Public-Gabriel Lippmann, Belvaux L-4422, Luxembourg.
| | - Vitor Vasconcelos
- Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research (CIIMAR/CIMAR), Porto 4050-123, Portugal.
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Romero-Oliva CS, Contardo-Jara V, Block T, Pflugmacher S. Accumulation of microcystin congeners in different aquatic plants and crops--a case study from lake Amatitlán, Guatemala. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2014; 102:121-128. [PMID: 24530727 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2014.01.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2013] [Revised: 01/21/2014] [Accepted: 01/24/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Microcystins (MCs) fate in natural environments can lead to its transfer into aquatic organisms, e.g. aquatic plants. Moreover, lakes in several countries sustain agriculture activities posing a serious health threat for the public. The case of Lake Amatitlán in Guatemala, was addressed to better understand MCs accumulation of four aquatic plants (Polygonum portoricensis, Eichhornia crassipes, Typha sp. and Hydrilla verticillata) coexisting with Microcystis aeruginosa blooms. These findings were further corroborated with an uptake/accumulation laboratory study. Finally crop products (Solanum lycopersicum and Capsicum annuum) irrigated with lake water were also evaluated for MCs. The obtained results suggest that Lake Amatitlán is highly contaminated with MCs (intra- and extracellular 1931 and 90 µg/L, respectively). In fruits of S. lycopersicum and C. annuum a concentration of 1.16 and 1.03 µg/kg dry weight (DW), respectively could be detected. All four aquatic plants showed a high MCs uptake capacity based on obtained bioconcentration factors (BCF) 165, 18, 16 and 11, respectively. These results were further corroborated in a laboratory study with 30 percent of total MCs taken up by H. verticillata within just 7 days. Additionally it was evidenced that all plants accumulated more MC-LR than other MCs congeners. Monitoring of crop products irrigated with lake water needs further consideration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Suseth Romero-Oliva
- Technische Universität Berlin, Department of Ecotoxicological Impact Research and Ecotoxicology, Ernst-Reuter-Platz 1, 10587 Berlin, Germany.
| | - Valeska Contardo-Jara
- Technische Universität Berlin, Department of Ecotoxicological Impact Research and Ecotoxicology, Ernst-Reuter-Platz 1, 10587 Berlin, Germany.
| | - Tobias Block
- Technische Universität Berlin, Department of Ecotoxicological Impact Research and Ecotoxicology, Ernst-Reuter-Platz 1, 10587 Berlin, Germany.
| | - Stephan Pflugmacher
- Technische Universität Berlin, Department of Ecotoxicological Impact Research and Ecotoxicology, Ernst-Reuter-Platz 1, 10587 Berlin, Germany.
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Azevedo CC, Azevedo J, Osório H, Vasconcelos V, Campos A. Early physiological and biochemical responses of rice seedlings to low concentration of microcystin-LR. ECOTOXICOLOGY (LONDON, ENGLAND) 2014; 23:107-121. [PMID: 24323250 DOI: 10.1007/s10646-013-1156-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/30/2013] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Microcystin-leucine and arginine (microcystin-LR) is a cyanotoxin produced by cyanobacteria like Microcystis aeruginosa, and it's considered a threat to water quality, agriculture, and human health. Rice (Oryza sativa) is a plant of great importance in human food consumption and economy, with extensive use around the world. It is therefore important to assess the possible effects of using water contaminated with microcystin-LR to irrigate rice crops, in order to ensure a safe, high quality product to consumers. In this study, 12 and 20-day-old plants were exposed during 2 or 7 days to a M. aeruginosa extract containing environmentally relevant microcystin-LR concentrations, 0.26-78 μg/L. Fresh and dry weight of roots and leaves, chlorophyll fluorescence, glutathione S-transferase and glutathione peroxidase activities, and protein identification by mass spectrometry through two-dimensional gel electrophoresis from root and leaf tissues, were evaluated in order to gauge the plant's physiological condition and biochemical response after toxin exposure. Results obtained from plant biomass, chlorophyll fluorescence, and enzyme activity assays showed no significant differences between control and treatment groups. However, proteomics data indicates that plants respond to M. aeruginosa extract containing environmentally relevant microcystin-LR concentrations by changing their metabolism, responding differently to different toxin concentrations. Biological processes most affected were related to protein folding and stress response, protein biosynthesis, cell signalling and gene expression regulation, and energy and carbohydrate metabolism which may denote a toxic effect induced by M. aeruginosa extract and microcystin-LR. The implications of the metabolic alterations in plant physiology and growth require further elucidation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catarina C Azevedo
- Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação Marinha e Ambiental, CIIMAR/CIMAR, Rua dos Bragas 289, 4050-123, Porto, Portugal
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El Khalloufi F, Oufdou K, Lahrouni M, Faghire M, Peix A, Ramírez-Bahena MH, Vasconcelos V, Oudra B. Physiological and antioxidant responses of Medicago sativa-rhizobia symbiosis to cyanobacterial toxins (Microcystins) exposure. Toxicon 2013; 76:167-77. [PMID: 24125659 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2013.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2013] [Revised: 09/23/2013] [Accepted: 10/02/2013] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Toxic cyanobacteria in freshwaters can induce potent harmful effects on growth and development of plants irrigated with contaminated water. In this study, the effect of cyanobacteria extract containing Microcystins (MC) on Medicago sativa-rhizobia symbiosis was investigated in order to explore plants response through biomass production, photosynthetic pigment and antioxidant enzymes analysis: Peroxidase (POD), Polyphenoloxidase (PPO) and Catalase (CAT). Alfalfa plants were inoculated with two endosymbiotic rhizobial strains: RhOL1 (MC less sensitive strain) and RhOL3 (MC more sensitive strain), to evaluate the rhizobial contribution on the plant response cultured under cyanobacterial toxins stress. The two rhizobia strains were identified as Ensifer meliloti by sequence analysis of their rrs and atpD genes. The chronic exposure to MC extract showed shoot, root and nodules dry weight decrease, in both symbiosis cultures. The rate of decline in plants inoculated with RhOL3 was higher than that in symbiosis with RhOL1 mainly at 20 μg L(-1) of MC. Cyanotoxins also reduced photosynthetic pigment content and generated an oxidative stress observed at cellular level. POD, PPO and CAT activities were significantly increased in leaves, roots and nodules of alfalfa plants exposed to MC. These enzyme activities were higher in plants inoculated with RhOL3 especially when alfalfa plants were exposed to 20 μg L(-1) of MC. The present paper reports new scientific finding related to the behavior of rhizobia-M. sativa associations to MC (Microcystins) for later recommendation concerning the possible use of these symbiosis face to crops exposure to MC contaminated water irrigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatima El Khalloufi
- Laboratory of Biology and Biotechnology of Microorganisms, Environmental Microbiology and Toxicology Unit, Faculty of Sciences Semlalia, Cadi Ayyad University, PO Box 2390, Marrakech, Morocco
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Máthé C, M-Hamvas M, Vasas G. Microcystin-LR and cylindrospermopsin induced alterations in chromatin organization of plant cells. Mar Drugs 2013; 11:3689-717. [PMID: 24084787 PMCID: PMC3826130 DOI: 10.3390/md11103689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2013] [Revised: 08/19/2013] [Accepted: 08/22/2013] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Cyanobacteria produce metabolites with diverse bioactivities, structures and pharmacological properties. The effects of microcystins (MCYs), a family of peptide type protein-phosphatase inhibitors and cylindrospermopsin (CYN), an alkaloid type of protein synthesis blocker will be discussed in this review. We are focusing mainly on cyanotoxin-induced changes of chromatin organization and their possible cellular mechanisms. The particularities of plant cells explain the importance of such studies. Preprophase bands (PPBs) are premitotic cytoskeletal structures important in the determination of plant cell division plane. Phragmoplasts are cytoskeletal structures involved in plant cytokinesis. Both cyanotoxins induce the formation of multipolar spindles and disrupted phragmoplasts, leading to abnormal sister chromatid segregation during mitosis. Thus, MCY and CYN are probably inducing alterations of chromosome number. MCY induces programmed cell death: chromatin condensation, nucleus fragmentation, necrosis, alterations of nuclease and protease enzyme activities and patterns. The above effects may be related to elevated reactive oxygen species (ROS) and/or disfunctioning of microtubule associated proteins. Specific effects: MCY-LR induces histone H3 hyperphosphorylation leading to incomplete chromatid segregation and the formation of micronuclei. CYN induces the formation of split or double PPB directly related to protein synthesis inhibition. Cyanotoxins are powerful tools in the study of plant cell organization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Csaba Máthé
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Debrecen, Debrecen H-4010, Egyetem tér 1, Hungary.
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Lahrouni M, Oufdou K, El Khalloufi F, Baz M, Lafuente A, Dary M, Pajuelo E, Oudra B. Physiological and biochemical defense reactions of Vicia faba L.-Rhizobium symbiosis face to chronic exposure to cyanobacterial bloom extract containing microcystins. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2013; 20:5405-5415. [PMID: 23417437 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-013-1535-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2012] [Accepted: 01/29/2013] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The presence of cyanotoxins, mainly microcystins (MCs), in surface freshwater represents a serious health risk to aquatic organisms living in the water body, as well as terrestrial animals and plants that are in contact with contaminated water. Consequently, the use of MCs contaminated water for irrigation represents a hazard for cultivated plants and could induce severe economical losses due to crops' yield reduction. The experimental approach undertaken in this work was exposing Vicia faba seedlings (inoculated with a Rhizobium strain resistant to MCs), to water supplemented with cyanobacterial crude extract containing total microcystins at a concentration of 50 and 100 μg/L (environmental relevant concentrations of MCs dissolved in the raw irrigation water from Lalla Takerkoust Lake-Marrakesh region). After chronic MCs exposure (2 months), biological and physiological parameters (plant growth, nitrogen uptake, mineral assimilation, and oxidative defense mechanisms) were evaluated. The results obtained showed evidence that chronic exposure to cyanobacterial bloom extract containing MCs strongly affected the physiological and biological plants activities; reduction of dry matter, photosynthetic activity, nodule number, and nitrogen assimilation. At the same time, an increase of oxidative stress was observed, as deduced from a significant increase of the activities of peroxidase, catalase, polyphenoloxidase, and phenylalanine ammonia lyase in leaves, roots, and nodules of faba bean plants exposed to cyanotoxins, especially at 100 μg/L of MCs. This experimentation constitutes a simulation of the situation related to cyanotoxins chronic exposure of seedlings-plants via the contaminated irrigation water. For this reason, once should take into consideration the possibility of contamination of agricultural crops and the quality of irrigation water should be by the way monitored for cyanotoxins biohazard.
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Affiliation(s)
- Majida Lahrouni
- Laboratory of Biology and Biotechnology of Microorganisms, Environmental Microbiology and Toxicology Unit, Faculty of Sciences Semlalia, Cadi Ayyad University, PO Box 2390, Marrakech, Morocco
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