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Ohm E, Madsen C, Gravseth HM, Brage S, Grøholt EK, Alver K, Holvik K. Post-injury long-term sickness absence and risk of disability pension: The role of socioeconomic status. Injury 2024; 55:111480. [PMID: 38452702 DOI: 10.1016/j.injury.2024.111480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2023] [Revised: 02/02/2024] [Accepted: 02/25/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Previous research has identified low socioeconomic status (SES) as a risk factor for long-term sickness absence (LTSA) and disability pension (DP) following trauma. However, most studies lack information on medical diagnoses, limiting our understanding of the underlying factors. To address this gap, we retrieved information about diagnostic causes for receipt of welfare benefits to explore the role of SES in the transition from post-injury LTSA to permanent DP among the working population in Norway. MATERIALS AND METHODS We conducted a population-based cohort study of all Norwegian residents aged 25-59 years registered with a spell of LTSA due to injury commencing in the period 2000-2003. This cohort was followed through 2014 by linking information on receipt of welfare benefits with sociodemographic data from administrative registers. SES was defined as a composite measure of educational attainment and income level. We used flexible parametric survival models to estimate hazard ratios (HR) with 95 % confidence intervals (CI) for all-cause and diagnosis-specific DP according to SES, adjusting for sex, age, marital status, immigrant status and healthcare region of residence. RESULTS Of 53,937 adults with post-injury LTSA, 9,665 (18 %) transferred to DP during follow-up. The crude risk of DP was highest for LTSA spells due to poisoning and head injuries. Overall, individuals in the lowest SES category had twice the risk of DP compared to those in the highest SES category (HR = 2.25, 95 % CI 2.13-2.38). The difference by SES was greatest for LTSA due to poisoning and smallest for LTSA due to head injuries. A majority (75 %) of DP recipients had a non-injury diagnosis as the primary cause of DP. The socioeconomic gradient was more pronounced for non-injury causes of DP (HR = 2.47, 95 % CI 2.31-2.63) than for injury causes (HR = 1.73, 95 % CI 1.56-1.92) and was especially steep for DP due to musculoskeletal diseases and mental and behavioural disorders. CONCLUSIONS The relationship between SES and DP varied by both the type of injury that caused LTSA and the diagnosis used to grant DP, highlighting the importance of taking diagnostic information into account when investigating long-term consequences of injuries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eyvind Ohm
- Department of Health and Inequality, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, PO Box 222 Skøyen 0213 Oslo, Norway.
| | - Christian Madsen
- Department of Disease Burden, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Zander Kaaesgt. 7 5015 Bergen, Norway
| | - Hans Magne Gravseth
- Department of Occupational Health Surveillance, National Institute of Occupational Health, PO Box 5330 Majorstuen 0304 Oslo, Norway
| | - Søren Brage
- Retired medical doctor with a PhD in epidemiology/social medicine. Before retirement SB held a position in the Norwegian Labour and Welfare Administration, leading the unit responsible for medical coding of welfare benefits from 1998 to 2015
| | - Else Karin Grøholt
- Department of Health and Inequality, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, PO Box 222 Skøyen 0213 Oslo, Norway
| | - Kari Alver
- Department of Health and Inequality, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, PO Box 222 Skøyen 0213 Oslo, Norway
| | - Kristin Holvik
- Department of Physical Health and Ageing, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, PO Box 222 Skøyen 0213 Oslo, Norway
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Berglund K, Almroth M, Falkstedt D, Hemmingsson T, Kjellberg K. The impact of cardiorespiratory fitness and physical workload on disability pension-a cohort study of Swedish men. Int Arch Occup Environ Health 2024; 97:45-55. [PMID: 37971680 DOI: 10.1007/s00420-023-02023-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Understanding the impact of physical capacity in combination with high physical workload could be beneficial for the prevention of health-related exits from work. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the separate and combined effects of low cardiorespiratory fitness and high physical workload on disability pension (DP) due to any cause, musculoskeletal disorders (MSD), and cardiovascular diseases (CVD). METHODS A total of 279 353 men born between 1951 and 1961 were followed regarding DP between 2006 and 2020, ages 45-64. Cardiorespiratory fitness was assessed during military conscription, using an ergometer bicycle test. Physical workload was based on a job-exposure matrix (JEM) linked to occupational title in 2005. Cox regression models estimated separate and combined associations with DP. RESULTS Low cardiorespiratory fitness and high physical workload were associated with increased risk of DP. For all cause DP, the fully adjusted hazard ratio and 95% confidence interval for those with low cardiorespiratory fitness was 1.38 (1.32-1.46) and for those with high physical workload 1.48 (1.39-1.57). For all cause and MSD DP, but not for CVD DP, the combination of low cardiorespiratory fitness and high physical workload resulted in higher risks than when adding the effect of the single exposures. CONCLUSION Both low cardiorespiratory fitness in youth and later exposure to high physical workload were associated with an increased risk of DP, where workers with the combination of both low cardiorespiratory fitness and a high physical workload had the highest risks (all-cause and MSD DP).
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Affiliation(s)
- Karin Berglund
- Unit of Occupational Medicine, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Solnavägen 4, 113 65, Stockholm, Sweden.
- Center for Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Region Stockholm, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Melody Almroth
- Unit of Occupational Medicine, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Solnavägen 4, 113 65, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Daniel Falkstedt
- Unit of Occupational Medicine, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Solnavägen 4, 113 65, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Tomas Hemmingsson
- Unit of Occupational Medicine, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Solnavägen 4, 113 65, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Katarina Kjellberg
- Unit of Occupational Medicine, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Solnavägen 4, 113 65, Stockholm, Sweden
- Center for Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Region Stockholm, Stockholm, Sweden
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Mallu A, Chan CK, Eyler LT, Dols A, Rej S, Blumberg HP, Sarna K, Forester BP, Patrick RE, Forlenza OV, Jimenez E, Vieta E, Schouws S, Sutherland A, Yala J, Briggs FBS, Sajatovic M. Demographic and clinical associations to employment status in older-age bipolar disorder: Analysis from the GAGE-BD database project. Bipolar Disord 2023; 25:637-647. [PMID: 37798096 PMCID: PMC10843228 DOI: 10.1111/bdi.13381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The current literature on employment in older adults with bipolar disorder (OABD) is limited. Using the Global Aging and Geriatric Experiments in Bipolar Disorder Database (GAGE-BD), we examined the relationship of occupational status in OABD to other demographic and clinical characteristics. METHODS Seven hundred and thirty-eight participants from 11 international samples with data on educational level and occupational status were included. Employment status was dichotomized as employed versus unemployed. Generalized linear mixed models with random intercepts for the study cohort were used to examine the relationship between baseline characteristics and employment. Predictors in the models included baseline demographics, education, psychiatric symptom severity, psychiatric comorbidity, somatic comorbidity, and prior psychiatric hospitalizations. RESULTS In the sample, 23.6% (n = 174) were employed, while 76.4% were unemployed (n = 564). In multivariable logistic regression models, less education, older age, a history of both anxiety and substance/alcohol use disorders, more prior psychiatric hospitalizations, and higher levels of BD depression severity were associated with greater odds of unemployment. In the subsample of individuals less than 65 years of age, findings were similar. No significant association between manic symptoms, gender, age of onset, or employment status was observed. CONCLUSION Results suggest an association between educational level, age, psychiatric severity and comorbidity in relation to employment in OABD. Implications include the need for management of psychiatric symptoms and comorbidity across the lifespan, as well as improving educational access for people with BD and skills training or other support for those with work-life breaks to re-enter employment and optimize the overall outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amulya Mallu
- Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Carol K Chan
- Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, University Hospitals Case Medical Center, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Lisa T Eyler
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, San Diego, California, USA
- Desert-Pacific Mental Illness Research Education and Clinical Center, VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Annemiek Dols
- Department of Psychiatry, UMC Utrecht Brain Center, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam UMC, location VU Medical Center, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Soham Rej
- Department of Psychiatry, Jewish General Hospital/Lady Davis Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Hilary P Blumberg
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Kaylee Sarna
- Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, University Hospitals Case Medical Center, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Brent P Forester
- McLean Hospital, Belmont, Massachusetts, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Regan E Patrick
- McLean Hospital, Belmont, Massachusetts, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Orestes V Forlenza
- Laboratory of Neuroscience (LIM-27), Departamento e Instituto de Psiquiatria, Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Esther Jimenez
- Bipolar and Depressive Disorders Unit, Hospital Clinic, University of Barcelona, IDIBAPS, CIBERSAM, ISCIII, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Eduard Vieta
- Bipolar and Depressive Disorders Unit, Hospital Clinic, University of Barcelona, IDIBAPS, CIBERSAM, ISCIII, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Sigfried Schouws
- GGZ inGeest, Amsterdam UMC, location VU Medical Center, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ashley Sutherland
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Joy Yala
- Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, University Hospitals Case Medical Center, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Farren B S Briggs
- Department of Population and Quantitative Health Sciences, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Martha Sajatovic
- Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, University Hospitals Case Medical Center, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
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Haider W, Salonen L. Disability pension and sociodemographic & work-related risk factors among 2.3 million migrants and natives in Finland (2011-2019): a prospective population study. BMC Public Health 2023; 23:1977. [PMID: 37821921 PMCID: PMC10568789 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-023-16880-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Increasing employment and immigration have been proposed as possible solutions to tackle the problem of the labour force shortage in aging societies. Ensuring sufficient health and work ability among migrants is a key factor in increasing and maintaining their employment. Many studies have found higher disability pension (DP) rates among migrants compared to natives but such studies lack in determining the risk of DP by occupational class and industrial sector. This study explores the risk of DP and the contribution of sociodemographic and work-related factors between migrants and natives in Finland. METHODS Full-population panel data obtained from the administrative registers of Statistics Finland were used to study 2.3 million individuals aged 25-60 years in 2010. We calculated hazard ratios (HR) and their 95% confidence intervals (CI) to estimate the risk of having a DP in 2011-2019 using Cox proportional hazard models adjusting for different sociodemographic and work-related factors. RESULTS Compared to natives, migrants had a lower risk of a DP (HR 0.58, 95% CI 0.53-0.63). We found great variation between countries of origin, where compared to natives, migrants from refugee-exporting countries (HR 1.37, 95% CI 1.22-1.53) and other non-European countries (HR 1.30; CI 1.18-1.43) had a higher risk of DP, but migrants from other countries did not differ or had a slightly lower risk of DP than natives. The associations between sociodemographic factors and the risk of DP were very similar between natives and migrants. CONCLUSION Migrants had a lower risk of a DP than natives except for migrants from outside Europe. The associations between different sociodemographic and work-related factors and the risk of DP were similar between natives and migrants and did not completely explain the differences in the risk of DP.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Laura Salonen
- Finnish Institute of Occupational Health & University of Turku, Turku, Finland
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Namatovu F, Gunfridsson EH, Vikström L. Is teenage parenthood associated with early use of disability pension? Evidence from a longitudinal study. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0287265. [PMID: 37315051 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0287265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Accepted: 06/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/16/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Over the past decades the number of young people using disability pensions (DP) has gradually increased in Europe but the reasons for this change are poorly understood. We hypothesize that teenage parenthood could be associated with an increased risk of receiving early DP. The aim of this study was to examine the association between having a first child at age 13-19 and receiving DP at age 20-42 (here called early DP). METHODS A longitudinal cohort study was undertaken based on national register data obtained from 410,172 individuals born in Sweden in 1968, 1969, and 1970. Teenage mothers and fathers were followed until age 42 and compared to non-teenage parent counterparts to examine their early receipt of DP. Descriptive analysis, Kaplan-Meier curves, and Cox regression analyses were performed. RESULTS The proportion of teenage parents was more than twice higher in the group that received early DP (16%) compared to the group that did not receive early DP (6%) during the study duration. A higher proportion of teenage mothers and fathers started to receive DP at 20-42 years old compared to non-teenage parents, and the difference between the two groups increased during the observation period. A strong association was observed between being a teenage parent and receiving early DP, significant both independently and after adjusting for the year of birth and the father's level of education. From the age of 30 to 42 years, teenage mothers used early DP more often than teenage fathers or non-teenage parents, and this difference also increased during the follow-up period. CONCLUSION A strong association was found between teenage parenthood and the use of DP between 20 and 42 years of age. Teenage mothers used DP more than teenage fathers and non-teenage parents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fredinah Namatovu
- Department of Epidemiology and Global Health, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
- Centre for Demographic and Ageing Research (CEDAR), Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | | | - Lotta Vikström
- Centre for Demographic and Ageing Research (CEDAR), Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
- Department of Historical, Philosophical and Religious Studies, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
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Bränström R, Narusyte J, Svedberg P. Sexual-orientation differences in risk of health-related impaired ability to work and to remain in the paid workforce: a prospective population-based twin study. BMC Public Health 2023; 23:454. [PMID: 36890524 PMCID: PMC9996859 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-023-15384-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 03/10/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Studies consistently show an increased risk of poor health among sexual minorities (i.e., those identifying as lesbian, gay, bisexual [LGB] or other non-heterosexuals individuals), as compared to those identifying as heterosexual. It is largely unknown whether the increased risk of mental and physical health problems among sexual minorities is also reflected in an increased risk of health-related impaired ability to work, in terms of sickness absence (SA) and disability pension (DP), or successfully remain in the paid workforce. This study made use of a large sample of Swedish twins with self-reported information about sexual behavior in young adulthood to examine sexual orientation difference in SA and DP during a 12-year follow-up period. METHOD Data from the Swedish Twin project of Disability pension and Sickness absence (STODS), including Swedish twins born 1959-1985 was used (N = 17,539; n = 1,238 sexual minority). Self-report survey data on sexual behavior was linked to information about SA and DP benefits from the MicroData for Analysis of the Social Insurance database (MiDAS), the National Social Insurance Agency. Sexual orientation differences in SA and DP between 2006 and 2018 was analyzed, as well as, the influence of sociodemographic, social stress exposure (i.e., victimization, discrimination), mental health treatment, and family confounding on these differences. RESULTS Compared to heterosexuals, sexual minorities were more likely to having experienced SA and having been granted DP. The odds were highest for DP, where sexual minorities were 58% more likely to having been granted DP compared to heterosexuals. The higher odds for SA due to any diagnosis could largely be explained by sociodemographic factors. The higher odds of SA due to mental diagnosis could partially be explained by increased risk of being exposed to discrimination and victimization, and partially by having received treatment with antidepressant medication. The higher odds of being granted DP could also partially be explain by increased risk of being exposed to social stress and treatment with antidepressant medication. CONCLUSION To our knowledge, this is the first study to report on sexual orientation differences in risk of SA and DP in a population-based sample. We found higher period prevalence of both SA and DP among sexual minorities as compared to heterosexuals. The higher odds of SA and DP could partially or fully be explained by sexual orientation differences in sociodemographic factors, exposure to social stress, and antidepressant treatment for depression. Future studies can extend these findings by continuing to investigate risk factors for SA and DP among sexual minorities and how such factors can be reduced.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard Bränström
- Division of Psychology, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Nobels väg 9, 171 77, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Jurgita Narusyte
- Division of Insurance Medicine, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Pia Svedberg
- Division of Insurance Medicine, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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Wang H, Cousineau C, Hu YA, Hu G, Qi S, Sun A, Wu H, Rozelle S, Singh M. Examining the Relation between Caregiver Mental Health and Student Outcomes in Rural China. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph182312613. [PMID: 34886336 PMCID: PMC8656998 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph182312613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Accepted: 11/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Research continues to highlight the central relationship between caregivers' mental health and their children's development. This study examined the relation between primary caregivers' mental health and school-aged children's outcomes, including student mental health, resilience, and academic performance, in rural China. Using cross-sectional data from economically poor areas in the Gansu province, 2989 students (mean age = 11.51, 53.33% male, 46.67% female) and their primary caregivers (74.2% female) completed the 21-item, self-report Depression Anxiety Stress Scale. Students also completed the 25-item Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale and a standardized math test. The results indicated a high prevalence of caregiver depression (31%), stress (39%), and anxiety (24%). Characteristics that were significantly correlated with caregiver mental health issues included being a grandparent, having a low socioeconomic status and low education level, and living in a household with at least one migrant worker. Apart from caregiver stress and student resilience, caregiver mental health issues were negatively correlated with all student outcomes, including student mental health, resilience, and academic performance. Although additional empirical research is needed to investigate the associations between caregiver mental health and student outcomes, our results suggest that rural communities could benefit greatly from programs focused on improving the mental health of caregivers and this, in turn, may have a positive impact on student outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan Wang
- Stanford Center on China’s Economy and Institutions, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA 94305-6055, USA; (H.W.); (C.C.); (Y.A.H.); (G.H.); (S.Q.); (A.S.); (H.W.); (S.R.)
| | - Claire Cousineau
- Stanford Center on China’s Economy and Institutions, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA 94305-6055, USA; (H.W.); (C.C.); (Y.A.H.); (G.H.); (S.Q.); (A.S.); (H.W.); (S.R.)
| | - Yuwei Adeline Hu
- Stanford Center on China’s Economy and Institutions, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA 94305-6055, USA; (H.W.); (C.C.); (Y.A.H.); (G.H.); (S.Q.); (A.S.); (H.W.); (S.R.)
| | - Grace Hu
- Stanford Center on China’s Economy and Institutions, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA 94305-6055, USA; (H.W.); (C.C.); (Y.A.H.); (G.H.); (S.Q.); (A.S.); (H.W.); (S.R.)
| | - Sunny Qi
- Stanford Center on China’s Economy and Institutions, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA 94305-6055, USA; (H.W.); (C.C.); (Y.A.H.); (G.H.); (S.Q.); (A.S.); (H.W.); (S.R.)
| | - Adrian Sun
- Stanford Center on China’s Economy and Institutions, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA 94305-6055, USA; (H.W.); (C.C.); (Y.A.H.); (G.H.); (S.Q.); (A.S.); (H.W.); (S.R.)
| | - Helen Wu
- Stanford Center on China’s Economy and Institutions, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA 94305-6055, USA; (H.W.); (C.C.); (Y.A.H.); (G.H.); (S.Q.); (A.S.); (H.W.); (S.R.)
| | - Scott Rozelle
- Stanford Center on China’s Economy and Institutions, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA 94305-6055, USA; (H.W.); (C.C.); (Y.A.H.); (G.H.); (S.Q.); (A.S.); (H.W.); (S.R.)
| | - Manpreet Singh
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Division of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Child Development, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA 94305-5719, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-(650)-725-5922
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Schyllert C, Andersson M, Backman H, Lindberg A, Rönmark E, Hedman L. Childhood onset asthma is associated with lower educational level in young adults - A prospective cohort study. Respir Med 2021; 186:106514. [PMID: 34198167 DOI: 10.1016/j.rmed.2021.106514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2020] [Revised: 05/19/2021] [Accepted: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Asthma is associated with low socioeconomic status among both children and adults, and adolescents with asthma report more school absenteeism than those without. However, it is unclear whether asthma in childhood and adolescence affects socioeconomic status in adulthood. METHODS Within the Obstructive Lung disease In Northern Sweden Studies, all children in grade 1 and 2 in three municipalities were invited to a questionnaire survey, 97% participated (n = 3430). They were followed annually until age 19, and thereafter at age 28 years. In this study, participants at ages 8 y, 12 y, 19 y and 28 y (n = 2017) were included. Asthma was categorized into childhood onset (up to age 12 y) and adolescent onset (from 12 to 19 y). Data for assessment of socioeconomic status was collected at 28 y and included educational level, occupation, and occupational exposure to gas, dust and/or fumes (GDF). RESULTS Childhood onset asthma was associated with having compulsory school as the highest educational level at age 28 y, also after adjustment for sex, smoking and BMI at age 19 y and socioeconomic factors in childhood (OR 4.84 95%CI 2.01-11.65), and the pattern was the same among men and women. However, we found no significant associations between asthma in childhood or adolescence and socioeconomic groups, occupational groups or occupational exposure to GDF at age 28 y. CONCLUSIONS Even though asthma in high-income countries, such as Sweden, is well recognised and treated, this study highlight that childhood onset asthma may have a negative long-term effect with regard to educational level in young adulthood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Schyllert
- Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Section of Sustainable Health, The OLIN Unit, Umeå University, 901 87, Umeå, Sweden.
| | - Martin Andersson
- Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Section of Sustainable Health, The OLIN Unit, Umeå University, 901 87, Umeå, Sweden.
| | - Helena Backman
- Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Section of Sustainable Health, The OLIN Unit, Umeå University, 901 87, Umeå, Sweden; Department of Health Sciences, Division of Nursing, Luleå University of Technology, 971 87, Luleå, Sweden.
| | - Anne Lindberg
- Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Division of Medicine, The OLIN Unit, Umeå University, 901 87, Umeå, Sweden.
| | - Eva Rönmark
- Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Section of Sustainable Health, The OLIN Unit, Umeå University, 901 87, Umeå, Sweden.
| | - Linnea Hedman
- Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Section of Sustainable Health, The OLIN Unit, Umeå University, 901 87, Umeå, Sweden; Department of Health Sciences, Division of Nursing, Luleå University of Technology, 971 87, Luleå, Sweden.
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Rasalingam A, Brekke I, Dahl E, Helseth S. Impact of growing up with somatic long-term health challenges on school completion, NEET status and disability pension: a population-based longitudinal study. BMC Public Health 2021; 21:514. [PMID: 33726730 PMCID: PMC7967973 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-021-10538-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2020] [Accepted: 03/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Young adulthood is an important transitional life phase that can determine a person’s educational and employment trajectories. The aim of this study was to examine the impact of somatic long-term health challenges in adolescence on upper secondary school completion, not in education, employment or training (NEET status) and receiving disability pension in early adulthood. Additional disparities in educational and employment achievements were also investigated in relation to socioeconomic background. Methods The sample consisted of all young adults born in the period 1990 to 1996, (N = 421,110). Data were obtained from the Norwegian Patient Registry which is linked to the Central Population Register, education and income registries and the Historical Event Database in Statistics Norway. These data sources provide longitudinal population data. Statistical analyses were performed using multiple logistic regression and computed average marginal effects after the multiple logistic regression. Results The results showed that, compared to young adults without long-term health challenges, young adults with the diagnoses inflammatory bowel disease, epilepsy, diabetes, sensory impairment, spinal muscular atrophy (SMA), spina bifida (SB) and cerebral palsy (CP) had lower odds of completing upper secondary education. Moreover, young adults with long-term health challenges had higher odds of NEET status by age 21 compared to those without a long-term health challenge. As for the odds of NEET status by age 21, the results showed that young adults with epilepsy, SMA, SB and CP in particular had the highest odds of receiving disability pension compared to young adults without long-term health challenges. Conclusions This longitudinal study revealed that on average young adults with long-term health challenges, compared to those without, struggle to participate in education and employment. The findings highlight the need for preventive measures especially in relation to young adults with neurological conditions such as epilepsy, SMA, SB, and CP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anurajee Rasalingam
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Nursing and Health Promotion, Oslo Metropolitan University, Oslo, Norway.
| | - Idunn Brekke
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Nursing and Health Promotion, Oslo Metropolitan University, Oslo, Norway.,Divison of Child Health and Development, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Espen Dahl
- Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Social Work, Child Welfare and Social Policy, Oslo Metropolitan University, Oslo, Norway
| | - Sølvi Helseth
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Nursing and Health Promotion, Oslo Metropolitan University, Oslo, Norway
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Framke E, Svane-Petersen AC, Holm A, Burr H, Melchior M, Sivertsen B, Stansfeld S, Sørensen JK, Virtanen M, Rugulies R, Madsen IEH. Cumulated and most recent job control and risk of disability pension in the Danish Work Life Course Cohort (DaWCo). Eur J Public Health 2020; 30:1212-1218. [PMID: 32658982 PMCID: PMC7733044 DOI: 10.1093/eurpub/ckaa107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous studies have found low job control to be associated with a higher risk of disability pension (DP). Most studies have measured job control only at one time-point, and there is a lack of knowledge regarding the role of exposure duration. This study examines the prospective association between job control and DP measuring exposure both cumulated throughout work life and most recent. METHODS We included 712 519 individuals (about 4.5 million person-years) from The Danish Work Life Course Cohort which follows young employees in Denmark from their entry into the labour market. Job control was assessed with a job exposure matrix and DP with register data on public transfer payments. We adjusted for several potential life course confounders, including physical demands at work and parental socioeconomic position and psychiatric and somatic diagnoses. RESULTS Employees in occupations with low job control had a higher risk of DP. There were effects of both cumulated and most recent job control when mutually adjusted. Fully adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) were 1.14 [95% confidence intervals (CIs) 1.11-1.17] and 1.15 (95% CI 1.02-1.29) for cumulated and most recent job control, respectively. Without mutual adjustment, estimates were 1.15 (95% CI 1.13-1.18) and 1.55 (95% CI 1.39-1.72) for cumulated and most recent low job control, respectively. CONCLUSIONS Low job control predicts a higher risk of DP, even after adjustment for physical demands at work. The results indicate both gradual and short-term effects of low job control on DP risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabeth Framke
- National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Anders Holm
- Department of Sociology, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada
| | - Hermann Burr
- Unit Mental Health and Cognitive Capacity, Federal Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Maria Melchior
- INSERM, Sorbonne Université, Institut Pierre Louis d'Épidémiologie et de Santé Publique, IPLESP, Research Group in Social Epidemiology, F75012 Paris, France
| | - Børge Sivertsen
- Department of Health Promotion, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Bergen, Norway.,Department of Research and Innovation, Helse Fonna HF, Haugesund, Norway.,Department of Mental Health, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway
| | - Stephen Stansfeld
- Centre for Psychiatry, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | | | - Marianna Virtanen
- School of Educational Sciences and Psychology, University of Eastern Finland, Joensuu, Finland.,Division of Insurance Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Reiner Rugulies
- National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Section of Epidemiology, Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Psychology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Ida E H Madsen
- National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Copenhagen, Denmark
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11
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Namatovu F, Lundevaller EH, Vikström L, Ng N. Adverse perinatal conditions and receiving a disability pension early in life. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0229285. [PMID: 32092090 PMCID: PMC7039457 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0229285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2019] [Accepted: 02/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The number of young adults on disability pension (DP) is increasing in European countries, creating a need to understand the related risk factors. This study aimed to determine whether adverse perinatal conditions are associated with receiving a DP early in life. METHODS This longitudinal cohort study consisted of all persons (N = 453,223) born in Sweden during 1973-1977, observed from 1991 through 2010 when they were aged between 16 and 37 years. Statistics Sweden provided linked national data on the children and their parents. We used logistic regression to assess the association between perinatal health conditions (birth defect, Apgar score, and small for gestational age) and receiving a DP, adjusting for maternal education and the sex of the child. RESULTS New recipients of DP were significantly more likely to have had a birth defect (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] 2.74, 95% CI: 2.49-3.00), to have had low Apgar score (AOR 2.12, 95% CI: 1.77-2.52), to have been small for gestational age (AOR 1.73, 95% CI: 1.54-1.94) and to be females (AOR 1.55, 95% CI: 1.46-1.64). Higher maternal education was associated with lower odds of receiving a DP (AOR 0.74, 95% CI: 0.69-0.79) for those with high school education and (AOR 0.67, 95% CI: 0.59-0.75) for those with university education. Age-stratified analysis confirmed increased odds of receiving a DP among those with birth defects and small for gestational age, but this effect reduced with increasing age. Apgar score was significantly associated with starting to receive a DP at ages 16-18 and 19-29, but not at ages 30-33. Women had lower odds of receiving a DP at ages 16-18 (AOR 0.73, 95% CI: 0.64-0.85); however, this reversed from age 19 and upwards (AOR 1.53, 95% CI: 1.41-1.67) and (AOR 2.16, 95% CI: 1.95-2.40) for the age groups of 19-29 and 30-33, respectively. Persons with high maternal education were less likely to receive a DP regardless of age at receiving a DP. CONCLUSION Having a birth defect was the strongest indicator of receiving a DP during early adulthood, followed by small for gestational age and low Apgar score. Overall, the effects of the studied perinatal health conditions were pronounced in those who received a DP at 16-18 years, but this effect weakened with increasing age at receiving a DP. Our findings suggest that policies and programs geared at promoting optimal health at birth might contribute to a reduction in receiving a DP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fredinah Namatovu
- Centre for Demographic and Ageing Research (CEDAR), Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
- * E-mail:
| | | | - Lotta Vikström
- Department of Historical, Philosophical and Religious Studies, Centre for Demographic and Ageing Research (CEDAR), Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Nawi Ng
- Department of Epidemiology and Global Health, Faculty of Medicine, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
- Global and Public Health, School of Public Health and Community Medicine, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
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12
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Abstract
Work incapacity is a major public health challenge and an economic burden to both society and individuals. Understanding the underlying causes is becoming ever more relevant as many countries face an aging workforce. We examined stability and change in genetic and environmental factors influencing work incapacity from age 18 until retirement, and sex differences in these effects. The large population-based sample comprised information from 28,759 twins followed for up to 23 years combined with high-quality national registry data. We measured work incapacity as the total proportion of potential workdays lost due to sickness absence, rehabilitation and disability benefits. Structural equation modeling with twin data indicated moderate genetic influences on work incapacity throughout life in both men and women, with a high degree of genetic stability from young to old adulthood. Environmental influences were mainly age-specific. Our results indicate that largely the same genetic factors influence individual differences in work incapacity throughout young, middle and older adulthood, despite major differences in degree of work incapacity and probable underlying medical causes.
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13
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Laura S, Sanna KL, Heta P. Unravelling the relationship between parental resources and disability pension in young adulthood. SOCIAL SCIENCE RESEARCH 2019; 83:102315. [PMID: 31422840 DOI: 10.1016/j.ssresearch.2019.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2018] [Revised: 05/06/2019] [Accepted: 06/29/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
A vast literature exists on the relationship between family background and health outcomes. However, there is a shortage of evidence on the relationship between parental resources and offsprings' disability pension, a severe form of general poor health and functionability. This article analyses how parental income and education are associated with offsprings' disability pension in young adulthood (19-27 years) among 1980-1985 birth cohorts using Finnish register data. The results of discrete-time event history analysis demonstrate that parental income and education have contrasting impacts. High parental income is found to decrease, and parental education to increase, the probability of offspring having disability pension, although mainly among offspring with compulsory education. Further, young adults with high parental resources are better off two years after their first disability pension. We conclude that the influence of parental resources operates via offsprings' educational attainment but also has divergent direct impacts on offsprings' disability pension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salonen Laura
- Sociology, Department of Social Research, University of Turku,Assistentinkatu 7, Publicum, 20014, Turku, Finland.
| | - Kailaheimo-Lönnqvist Sanna
- Sociology, Department of Social Research, University of Turku,Assistentinkatu 7, Publicum, 20014, Turku, Finland.
| | - Pöyliö Heta
- Sociology, Department of Social Research, University of Turku,Assistentinkatu 7, Publicum, 20014, Turku, Finland.
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14
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Salonsalmi A, Pietiläinen O, Lahelma E, Rahkonen O. Childhood adversities, parental education and disability retirement among Finnish municipal employees. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0219421. [PMID: 31323034 PMCID: PMC6641080 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0219421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2019] [Accepted: 06/24/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background There is increasing evidence that childhood socioeconomic position and childhood adversities influence adult health. However, the potential contribution of these factors to disability retirement is poorly understood. This study aimed to examine the associations between childhood adversities, parental education and disability retirement. Methods Data on parental education and childhood adversities were derived from the Helsinki Health Study baseline survey, conducted in 2000–02 among 40- to 60-year old employees of the City of Helsinki, Finland. Data on disability retirement and their diagnoses were obtained from the Finnish Centre of Pensions and followed until the end of 2016. The analyses included 5992 employees. The associations of parental education and childhood adversities with disability retirement due to any cause, musculoskeletal diseases and mental disorders were analysed using Cox regression analysis. Results Low parental education was associated with an increased risk of disability retirement due to any cause (maternal education: HR 1.74, 95% CI 1.16–2.62; paternal education: 1.86, 1.38–2.51) and due to musculoskeletal diseases (maternal education: 4.44, 1.66–11.92; paternal education: 3.81, 2.02–7.17). However, adjustment for own education mainly abolished the associations. Economic difficulties in the childhood family, parental alcohol problems and having been bullied at school or by peers increased the risk of disability retirement due to all studied diagnostic groups, whereas parental death or divorce had no effect. Childhood illness (1.53, 1.20–1.95) and parental mental illness (1.68, 1.28–2.20) were associated with disability retirement due to any cause and due to mental disorders (1.65, 1.05–2.59; 3.60, 2.46–5.26). The associations between childhood adversities and disability retirement remained after adjustment for own education, whereas working conditions, and weight and health behaviours somewhat attenuated the associations. Conclusions Parental education and childhood adversities contributed to disability retirement even in midlife. Policy actions investing in children’s well-being might promote work ability in midlife.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aino Salonsalmi
- Department of Public Health, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- * E-mail:
| | - Olli Pietiläinen
- Department of Public Health, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Eero Lahelma
- Department of Public Health, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Ossi Rahkonen
- Department of Public Health, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
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15
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Halonen JI, Merikukka M, Gissler M, Kerkelä M, Virtanen M, Ristikari T, Hiilamo H, Lallukka T. Pathways from parental mental disorders to offspring's work disability due to depressive or anxiety disorders in early adulthood-The 1987 Finnish Birth Cohort. Depress Anxiety 2019; 36:305-312. [PMID: 30329200 DOI: 10.1002/da.22847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2018] [Revised: 08/14/2018] [Accepted: 09/22/2018] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Parental mental disorders have been shown to predict offspring's mental health problems. We examined whether pathways from parental mental disorders to offspring's psychiatric work disability in early adulthood are mediated through offspring's mental disorders and social disadvantage in adolescence. METHODS Study population consisted of the 1987 Finnish Birth Cohort. Data on parents' psychiatric care or work disability due to mental diagnosis between 1987 and 2000 and the cohort participants' health and social factors between 2001 and 2005 were derived from administrative national registers. From 2006 through 2015, 52,182 cohort participants were followed for admittance of psychiatric work disability due to depressive or anxiety disorders. First, we applied a pathway analysis to examine the occurrence of each path. We then used mediation analysis to assess the proportion of association between parental mental disorders and work disability mediated by offspring's health and social disadvantage. RESULTS The pathway model indicated that the association from parental mental disorders to offspring's work disability due to depressive or anxiety disorder is through mental disorders and social disadvantage in adolescence. Odds Ratio for the total effect of parental mental disorders on offspring's psychiatric work disability was 1.85 (95% confidence interval [CI] 1.46-2.34) in the model including offspring's mental disorders that mediated this association by 35%. Corresponding results were 1.86 (95% CI 1.47-2.35) and 28% for social disadvantage in adolescence. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that intergenerational determination of work disability due to mental disorders could be addressed by actions supporting mental health and social circumstances in adolescence.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Marko Merikukka
- Department of Welfare, National Institute for Health and Welfare (THL), Oulu, Finland.,PEDEGO Research Unit, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Mika Gissler
- Information Services Department, National Institute for Health and Welfare (THL), Helsinki, Finland.,Research Centre for Child Psychiatry, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.,Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Division of Family Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Martta Kerkelä
- Department of Welfare, National Institute for Health and Welfare (THL), Oulu, Finland
| | - Marianna Virtanen
- Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, University of Uppsala, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Tiina Ristikari
- Department of Welfare, National Institute for Health and Welfare (THL), Oulu, Finland
| | - Heikki Hiilamo
- Social and Public Policy, Department of Social Research, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Tea Lallukka
- Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Helsinki, Finland.,Department of Public Health, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
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16
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Merikukka M, Ristikari T, Tuulio-Henriksson A, Gissler M, Laaksonen M. Childhood determinants for early psychiatric disability pension: A 10-year follow-up study of the 1987 Finnish Birth Cohort. Int J Soc Psychiatry 2018; 64:715-725. [PMID: 30394811 DOI: 10.1177/0020764018806936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mental disorders can affect work ability and lead to early exit from the labour market through disability pension. AIMS This study aimed to identify childhood determinants of psychiatric disability pension in early adulthood. METHODS The 1987 Finnish Birth Cohort includes a complete census of children born in a single year. The children were followed up from birth until 31 December 2012 using official registers maintained by the Finnish authorities. Risk factors for disability pension were examined in the full 1987 cohort (N = 58,739) and among children who had received mental health care (N = 9,599). Odds ratios were calculated for disability pension due to all mental disorders and separately for schizophrenia, depressive and anxiety and other mental and behavioural disorders in association with childhood determinants. RESULTS Altogether, 1.4% of cohort members had retired due to mental disorders in 2003-2012. In the full 1987 cohort, female sex, parental divorce and social assistance, both mother's and father's psychiatric care and mother's psychiatric disability pension increased the risk for disability pension due to mental disorders. Among children who had received mental health care, risk factors for psychiatric disability pension were father's psychiatric care and mother's psychiatric disability pension. CONCLUSION Childhood determinants were related to the risk of psychiatric disability pension before the age of 25. The risk factors varied by the diagnosis of the disability pension. Using knowledge of this study's risk factors should enable the identification of adolescents and young adults in general population and especially in the mental health care population who are at greatest risk of receipt of psychiatric disability pension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marko Merikukka
- Department of Welfare, National Institute for Health and Welfare (THL), Oulu, Finland.,PEDEGO Research Unit, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Tiina Ristikari
- Department of Welfare, National Institute for Health and Welfare (THL), Oulu, Finland
| | - Annamari Tuulio-Henriksson
- Research Department, Social Insurance Institution (KELA), Helsinki, Finland.,Department of Psychology and Logopedics, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Mika Gissler
- Information Services Department, National Institute for Health and Welfare (THL), Helsinki, Finland
| | - Mikko Laaksonen
- Research Department, Finnish Centre for Pensions (ETK), Helsinki, Finland
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17
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Iversen K, Drivdal LM, Billaud Feragen KJ, Geirdal AØ. Quality of life in adults with lymphedema cholestasis syndrome 1. Health Qual Life Outcomes 2018; 16:146. [PMID: 30045736 PMCID: PMC6060525 DOI: 10.1186/s12955-018-0972-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2016] [Accepted: 07/09/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND LCS1 (Lymphedema Cholestasis Syndrome 1/Aagenaes syndrome) is a rare, hereditary disorder, where the highest known prevalence is in Norway. The disorder is characterized by lymphedema and periodic cholestasis from birth or the neonatal period. This study aimed to examine internal reliability of the SF-36, in addition to the group's overall- and health related quality of life (OQoL and HRQoL) and psychosocial well-being. METHODS Twenty adults (aged 18-65) in Norway have been diagnosed with LSC1. Eighteen of these patients were included in the study and completed four questionnaires on overall and health related quality of life and psychosocial well-being: Cantril's Ladder (CL), The Kaasa Test, the SF-36, and a lymphedema anamnesis questionnaire. Demographic data were registered, and 15 of the patients underwent a physical examination of the lymphedema. SF-36 scores were compared with those of 360 age and gender matched controls drawn from an earlier survey of the Norwegian general population. The Mann-Whitney U test and Chi-square (χ2) test were used to test internal differences in the patient group. RESULTS Health-related quality of life (HRQOL) was significantly reduced in patients with LSC1 compared to controls, in three out of eight areas, role physical, general health and mental health. Females scored significantly better than males in the patient group in two areas of SF-36, in CL, and in one of three scales of The Kaasa Test. Severe lymphedema was found to be significantly correlated to bodily pain and reduced mental health. The level of education was positively correlated to mental health. CONCLUSION Overall quality of life (OQoL), health related quality of life (HRQoL) and psycho-social well-being were good in the patient group, but some dimensions of HRQoL were reduced. More severe extent of lymphedema was associated with poorer HRQoL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristin Iversen
- Centre for Rare Disorders, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Postboks 4950 Nydalen, 0424, Oslo, Norway.
| | - Lill Monica Drivdal
- Department of Clinical Service, Oslo University Hospital, Ullevål, Postboks 4956 Nydalen, 0424, Oslo, Norway
| | - Kristin J Billaud Feragen
- Centre for Rare Disorders, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Postboks 4950 Nydalen, 0424, Oslo, Norway
| | - Amy Østertun Geirdal
- Faculty of Social Sciences, Oslo and Akershus University College of applied Sciences, Postboks 4 St. Olavs plass, 0130, Oslo, Norway
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18
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Myhr A, Haugan T, Lillefjell M, Halvorsen T. Non-completion of secondary education and early disability in Norway: geographic patterns, individual and community risks. BMC Public Health 2018; 18:682. [PMID: 29855297 PMCID: PMC5984305 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-018-5551-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2017] [Accepted: 05/07/2018] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Background School non-completion and early work disability is a great public health challenge in Norway, as in most western countries. This study aims to investigate how medically based disability pension (DP) among young adults varies geographically and how municipal socioeconomic conditions interact with non-completion of secondary education in determining DP risk. Methods The study includes a nationally representative sample of 30% of all Norwegians (N = 350,699) aged 21–40 in 2010 from Statistic Norway’s population registries. Multilevel models incorporating factors at the individual, neighbourhood and municipal levels were applied to estimate the neighbourhood and municipality general contextual effects in DP receipt, and detect possible differences in the impact of municipal socioeconomic conditions on DP risk between completers and non-completers of secondary education. Results A pattern of spatial clustering at the neighbourhood (ICC = 0.124) and municipality (ICC = 0.021) levels are clearly evident, indicating that the underlying causes of DP receipt have a systematic neighbourhood and municipality variation in Norway. Non-completion of secondary education is strongly correlated with DP receipt among those younger than 40. Socioeconomic characteristics of the municipality are also significantly correlated with DP risk, but these associations are conditioned by the completion of secondary education. Living in a socioeconomically advantageous municipality (i.e. high income, high education levels and low unemployment and social security payment rates) is associated with a higher risk of DP, but only among those who do not complete their secondary education. Although the proportion of DPs was equal in rural and urban areas, it is evident that young people living in urban settings are more at risk of early DP than their counterparts living in rural parts of the country when controlling for other risk factors. Conclusion The association between school non-completion and DP risk varies between municipalities and local socioeconomic environments. The interplay between personal characteristics and the local community is important in DP risk among young adults, implying that preventive measures should be directed not only at the individual level, but also include the educational system and the local community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arnhild Myhr
- Department of Neuromedicine and Movement Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway.
| | - Tommy Haugan
- Faculty of Nursing and Health Sciences, Nord University, Levanger, Norway
| | - Monica Lillefjell
- Department of Neuromedicine and Movement Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Thomas Halvorsen
- Department of Health Research, SINTEF Technology and Society, Trondheim, Norway
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19
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Hoff R, Corbett K, Mehlum IS, Mohn FA, Kristensen P, Hanvold TN, Gran JM. The impact of completing upper secondary education - a multi-state model for work, education and health in young men. BMC Public Health 2018; 18:556. [PMID: 29699532 PMCID: PMC5921749 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-018-5420-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2017] [Accepted: 04/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Completing upper secondary education is associated with higher work participation and less health-related absence from work. Although these outcomes are closely interrelated, most studies focus on single outcomes, using cross-sectional designs or short follow-up periods. As such, there is limited knowledge of the long-term outcomes, and how paths for completers and non-completers unfold over time. In this paper, we use multi-state models for time-to-event data to assess the long-term effects of completing upper secondary education on employment, tertiary education, sick leave, and disability pension over twelve and a half years for young men. Methods Baseline covariates and twelve and a half years of follow-up data on employment, tertiary education, sick leave and disability pension were obtained from national registries for all males born in Norway between 1971 and 1976 (n =184951). The effects of completing upper secondary education (by age 23) were analysed in a multi-state framework, adjusting for both individual and family level confounders. All analyses were done separately for general studies and vocational tracks. Results Completers do better on a range of outcomes compared to non-completers, for both fields of upper secondary education, but effects of completion change over time. The largest changes are for tertiary education and work, with the probability of work increasing reciprocally to the probability of education. Vocational students are quicker to transfer to the labour market, but tend to have more unemployment, sick leave and disability, and the absolute effects of completion on these outcomes are largest for vocational tracks. However, the relative effects of completion are larger for general studies. Conclusion Completing upper secondary education increases long-term work participation and lowers health-related absence for young men, but effects diminish over time. Studies that have used shorter follow-up periods could be overstating the negative effects of dropout on labour market participation. Multi-state models are well suited to analyse data on work, education and health-related absence, and can be useful in understanding the dynamic aspects of these outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rune Hoff
- Oslo Centre for Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Department of Biostatistics, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway. .,National Institute of Occupational Health, Oslo, Norway.
| | | | | | | | - Petter Kristensen
- National Institute of Occupational Health, Oslo, Norway.,Institute of Health and Society, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | | | - Jon M Gran
- Oslo Centre for Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Department of Biostatistics, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,Oslo Centre for Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
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20
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Halonen JI, Kivimäki M, Vahtera J, Pentti J, Virtanen M, Ervasti J, Oksanen T, Lallukka T. Childhood adversity, adult socioeconomic status and risk of work disability: a prospective cohort study. Occup Environ Med 2017; 74:659-666. [PMID: 28784838 PMCID: PMC5574408 DOI: 10.1136/oemed-2017-104319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2017] [Revised: 03/29/2017] [Accepted: 04/10/2017] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To examine the combined effects of childhood adversities and low adult socioeconomic status (SES) on the risk of future work disability. METHODS Included were 34 384 employed Finnish Public Sector study participants who responded to questions about childhood adversities (none vs any adversity, eg, parental divorce or financial difficulties) in 2008, and whose adult SES in 2008 was available. We categorised exposure into four groups: neither (reference), childhood adversity only, low SES only or both. Participants were followed from 2009 until the first period of register-based work disability (sickness absence >9 days or disability pension) due to any cause, musculoskeletal or mental disorders; retirement; death or end of follow-up (December 2011). We ran Cox proportional hazard models adjusted for behavioural, health-related and work-related covariates, and calculated synergy indices for the combined effects. RESULTS When compared with those with neither exposure, HR for work disability from any cause was increased among participants with childhood adversity, with low SES, and those with both exposures. The highest hazard was observed in those with both exposures: HR 2.53, 95% CI 2.29 to 2.79 for musculoskeletal disability, 1.55, 95% CI 1.36 to 1.78 for disability due to mental disorders and 1.29, 95% CI 1.20 to 1.39 for disability due to other reasons. The synergy indices did not indicate synergistic effects. CONCLUSIONS These findings indicate that childhood psychosocial adversity and low adult SES are additive risk factors for work disability.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mika Kivimäki
- Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Helsinki, Finland.,Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London, London, UK.,Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jussi Vahtera
- Department of Public Health, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.,Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Jaana Pentti
- Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Helsinki, Finland.,Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | | | - Jenni Ervasti
- Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Tuula Oksanen
- Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Tea Lallukka
- Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Helsinki, Finland.,Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
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21
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IQ and mental health are vital predictors of work drop out and early mortality. Multi-state analyses of Norwegian male conscripts. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0180737. [PMID: 28683088 PMCID: PMC5500358 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0180737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2016] [Accepted: 06/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Disability benefits and sick leave benefits represents huge costs in western countries. The pathways and prognostic factors for receiving these benefits seen in recent years are complex and manifold. We postulate that mental health and IQ, both alone and concurrent, influence subsequent employment status, disability benefits and mortality. METHODS A cohort of 918 888 Norwegian men was followed for 16 years from the age of 20 to 55. Risk for health benefits, emigration, and mortality were studied. Indicators of mental health and IQ at military enrolment were used as potential risk factors. Multi-state models were used to analyze transitions between employment, sick leave, time limited benefits, disability benefits, emigration, and mortality. RESULTS During follow up, there were a total of 3 908 397 transitions between employment and different health benefits, plus 12 607 deaths. Men with low IQ (below 85), without any mental health problems at military enrolment, had an increased probability of receiving disability benefits before the age of 35 (HRR = 4.06, 95% CI: 3.88-4.26) compared to men with average IQ (85 to 115) and no mental health problems. For men with both low IQ and mental health problems, there was an excessive probability of receiving disability benefits before the age of 35 (HRR = 14.37, 95% CI: 13.59-15.19), as well as an increased probability for time limited benefits and death before the age of 35 compared to men with average IQ (85 to 115) and no mental health problems. CONCLUSION Low IQ and mental health problems are strong predictors of future disability benefits and early mortality for young men.
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Thern E, de Munter J, Hemmingsson T, Davey Smith G, Ramstedt M, Tynelius P, Rasmussen F. Effects of increased alcohol availability during adolescence on the risk of all-cause and cause-specific disability pension: a natural experiment. Addiction 2017; 112:1004-1012. [PMID: 28060450 PMCID: PMC5434812 DOI: 10.1111/add.13750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2016] [Revised: 11/14/2016] [Accepted: 01/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
AIM To test if being exposed to increased alcohol availability during adolescence is associated with an increased risk of receiving disability pension due to all-cause, alcohol use disorders and mental disorders. DESIGN Register-based population-based study using a natural experiment setting, the alcohol policy change in Sweden (1967-68), with increased access to strong beer in a narrow time window and geographical area. The individuals exposed to the policy change were compared with non-exposed individuals living in the rest of Sweden, excluding a border area. SETTING Sweden. PARTICIPANTS A total of 518 810 individuals (70 761 in the intervention group; 448 049 in the control group) born 1948-1953, aged 14-20 years during the policy change. MEASUREMENTS Date and diagnosis of the outcome variable of disability pension due to all-cause, alcohol use disorders and mental disorders were obtained from the Swedish National Social Insurance Agency database from 1971 to 2013. Individual and family level socio-demographic and health-related covariates, as well as a regional level covariate, were included. FINDINGS Compared with the control group, adolescents exposed to the alcohol policy change were at an increased risk of receiving disability pension due to all-causes [hazard ratio (HR) = 1.09, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.07-1.11], alcohol use disorders (HR = 1.17, 95% CI = 1.05-1.30) and mental disorders (HR = 1.19, 95% CI = 1.15-1.23). CONCLUSION In Sweden, a natural experiment with a 43-year follow-up suggests that exposure to increased alcohol availability during adolescence is associated with an increased risk of receiving a disability pension due to all-cause, alcohol use disorder and mental disorder diagnoses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emelie Thern
- Child and Adolescent Public Health Epidemiology Unit, Department of Public Health SciencesKarolinska InstitutetStockholmSweden
| | - Jeroen de Munter
- Child and Adolescent Public Health Epidemiology Unit, Department of Public Health SciencesKarolinska InstitutetStockholmSweden
| | - Tomas Hemmingsson
- Unit of Occupational MedicineInstitute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska InstitutetStockholmSweden,Centre for Social Research on Alcohol and DrugsStockholm UniversityStockholmSweden
| | - George Davey Smith
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit (IEU)University of Bristol, School of Social and Community MedicineBristolUK
| | - Mats Ramstedt
- The Swedish Council for Information on Alcohol and Other Drugs (CAN)StockholmSweden
| | - Per Tynelius
- Child and Adolescent Public Health Epidemiology Unit, Department of Public Health SciencesKarolinska InstitutetStockholmSweden,Centre for Epidemiology and Community MedicineStockholm County Council, Health Care ServicesStockholmSweden
| | - Finn Rasmussen
- Child and Adolescent Public Health Epidemiology Unit, Department of Public Health SciencesKarolinska InstitutetStockholmSweden,Centre for Epidemiology and Community MedicineStockholm County Council, Health Care ServicesStockholmSweden
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Hysing M, Petrie KJ, Bøe T, Sivertsen B. Parental work absenteeism is associated with increased symptom complaints and school absence in adolescent children. BMC Public Health 2017; 17:439. [PMID: 28499429 PMCID: PMC5429535 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-017-4368-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2016] [Accepted: 05/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Previous studies have proposed that having parents out of work may influence adolescent illness behaviour and school attendance. However, prior research investigating this question has been limited by retrospective reporting and case control studies. In a large epidemiological study we investigated whether parental work absence was associated with symptom complaints and increased school absenteeism in adolescents. Methods We analysed data from a large epidemiological study of 10,243 Norwegian adolescents aged 16–19. Participants completed survey at school, which included demographic data, parental work absence and current health complaints. An official registry provided school attendance data. Results Parental work absence was significantly related to the number of adolescent symptom complaints as well as school absenteeism. Having a father out of work was associated with an increased likelihood of being in the highest quartile of symptom reporting by an odds-ratio of 2.2 and mother by 1.6 (compared to the lowest quartile). Similarly, parental work absenteeism was associated with an increased likelihood of being in the highest quartile for school absence by an odds-ratio of 1.9 for a father being out of work and 1.5 for a mother out of work. We found that the number of adolescent symptom complaints mediated the relationship between parental work absenteeism and school absenteeism. Conclusion We found that parental work absence was significantly associated with the number of adolescent symptom complaints and school absenteeism. The results suggest that parents may play a critical modelling role in the intergenerational transmission of illness and disability behaviour.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mari Hysing
- The Regional Centre for Child and Youth Mental Health and Child Welfare, Uni Research Health, Postboks 7810, 5020, Bergen, Norway.
| | - Keith J Petrie
- Department of Psychological Medicine, University of Auckland, Auckland, 1142, New Zealand
| | - Tormod Bøe
- The Regional Centre for Child and Youth Mental Health and Child Welfare, Uni Research Health, Postboks 7810, 5020, Bergen, Norway
| | - Børge Sivertsen
- The Regional Centre for Child and Youth Mental Health and Child Welfare, Uni Research Health, Postboks 7810, 5020, Bergen, Norway.,Department of Health Promotion, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Bergen, Norway.,Department of Research and Innovation, Helse Fonna HF, Haugesund, Norway
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Long-term physical workload in middle age and disability pension in men and women: a follow-up study of Swedish cohorts. Int Arch Occup Environ Health 2016; 89:1239-1250. [PMID: 27476023 PMCID: PMC5052305 DOI: 10.1007/s00420-016-1156-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2015] [Accepted: 07/04/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Purpose The study investigates the association between level of long-term physical workload in middle age and disability pension (DP) before 61 years of age with adjustments made for early life factors, level of education, and psychosocial working conditions. Associations with DP overall, DP due to musculoskeletal disorders and DP due to psychiatric disorders were examined. Methods The study is based on cohorts of 21,809 Swedish men and women born in 1948 and 1953, with data on physical workload estimated with a job exposure matrix based on occupational titles in 1985 and 1990 and follow-up data on diagnosis-specific DP in the years 1991–2009. Data on paternal education and intelligence were collected in primary school. Data on level of education were taken from administrative records. Data on psychosocial working conditions were estimated with a job exposure matrix based on occupational titles in 1990. Results Long-term exposure to high physical workload measured 5 years apart at around age 40 was strongly associated with DP due to musculoskeletal disorders up to the age of 61 among both men (HR 5.44, 95 % CI 3.35–8.84) and women (HR 3.82, CI 95 % 2.88–5.08). For women, the association between high physical load and overall DP was also significantly increased (HR 2.33, CI 95 % 1.92–2.82). The increased risks remained but were clearly attenuated after adjustments for fathers’ education, IQ in childhood, achieved education and level of control at work. Conclusions Exposure to high physical workload is associated with long-term risk of DP due to musculoskeletal disorders, even though adjustments for early life factors, level of education and psychosocial working conditions clearly attenuated the risks.
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Harkko J, Kouvonen A, Virtanen M. Educational attainment, labour market position and mental ill health as pathways from adversities in adolescence to disability pension in early adulthood: A Finnish cohort study using register data. Scand J Public Health 2016; 44:678-687. [PMID: 27389466 DOI: 10.1177/1403494816655945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We investigated whether social adversities (parents' receipt of income support and care placement) in adolescence were associated with the receipt of work disability pension (DP) in early adulthood. A further aim was to examine whether and to what extent individual educational attainment, labour market position and mental disorders during the period of transition to adulthood operate as underlying mechanisms in this relationship. METHODS This was a nationwide cohort study of a 60% representative sample of Finnish young adults born between 1983 and 1985 with no prior DP at entry to the study ( N=116,788). Data from several nationwide registers were used with a follow-up time from 2004 to 2010. The age range of the cohort was 19-21 years at the beginning of the follow-up period. Hazards ratios (HRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated using a Cox regression. Mediation analyses for educational attainment, labour market position and purchases of psychotropic drugs were performed. RESULTS A total of 1597 (1.37%) people were granted a DP during the follow-up period of 687,429 years at risk. After adjustment for mediators, the HR (95% CI) of DP for those whose parents had received income support was 1.36 (1.21-1.53) for men and 1.21 (1.07-1.36) for women. The corresponding figures for those with a history of care placement were 1.23 (1.00-1.51) and 1.58 (1.29-1.92), respectively. CONCLUSIONS Social adversities in adolescence increase the risk of DP in early adulthood. The intergenerational social determination of disability could be addressed through interventions promoting mental health and improving educational and employment opportunities for young people.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaakko Harkko
- 1 Department of Social Research, University of Helsinki, Finland.,2 Rehabilitation Foundation, Finland
| | - Anne Kouvonen
- 1 Department of Social Research, University of Helsinki, Finland.,3 SWPS University of Social Sciences and Humanities, Faculty in Wroclaw, Poland.,4 UKCRC Centre of Excellence for Public Health, Queen's University Belfast, UK
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Zach A, Meyer N, Hendrowarsito L, Kolb S, Bolte G, Nennstiel-Ratzel U, Stilianakis NI, Herr C. Association of sociodemographic and environmental factors with the mental health status among preschool children—Results from a cross-sectional study in Bavaria, Germany. Int J Hyg Environ Health 2016; 219:458-67. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijheh.2016.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2015] [Revised: 04/20/2016] [Accepted: 04/28/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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The impact of health and education on future labour force participation among individuals aged 55–74 in the United States of America: the MacArthur Foundation Research Network on an Aging Society. AGEING & SOCIETY 2016. [DOI: 10.1017/s0144686x16000295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACTChronic disease, mobility limitations and low physical functioning are determinants of an earlier age of retirement. Therefore, long-term population trends in these factors may have an impact on the proportion of individuals near traditional retirement age who continue to work. Our objective is to develop a projection model that accounts for trends in these factors in order to estimate the proportion of the population aged 55–74 with the capacity to participate in the labour force. We used logistic regression models to quantify how chronic disease, mobility and functional status predict labour force participation among individuals aged 55–59. Next, we obtained estimates of the population prevalence of each of these predictors for the years 2010–2050. We then used estimated coefficients from the logistic regression models to predict the age-specific probability of capacity for work up to the age of 74. We find that population capacity for work depends on trends in disability and on level of education. Future population capacity for work depends on trends in functional limitations primarily in the population with lower levels of education. Changes in functional limitations, changes in the environment, technology and social policy targeted towards individuals with lower levels of education could result in mitigation of future decreasing capacity for work in the population near retirement age.
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Myhr A, Haugan T, Espnes GA, Lillefjell M. Disability Pensions Among Young Adults in Vocational Rehabilitation. JOURNAL OF OCCUPATIONAL REHABILITATION 2016; 26:95-102. [PMID: 26141951 DOI: 10.1007/s10926-015-9590-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Lack of work-participation and early disability pensions (DP's) among young adults are increasing public health problems in most western European countries. The present study investigated determinants of early DP in young adults in vocational rehabilitation. METHODS Data from 928 young adults (aged 18-40 years) attending a vocational rehabilitation program was linked to DP's recorded in the Norwegian Labor and Welfare Organization registries (1992-2010) and later compared to a group of 65 employees (workers). We used logistic regression to estimate the odds ratio for entitlement to DP following rehabilitation, adjusting for socio-demographical, psychosocial and health-behavior factors. RESULTS Significant differences in socio-demographical, psychosocial and health-behavior factors were found between the rehabilitation group and workers. A total of 60 individuals (6.5%) were granted a DP during follow-up. Increase in age, teenage parenthood, single status, as well as low education level and not being employed were found to be the strongest independent determinants of DP. CONCLUSION Poor social relations (being lone), early childbearing and weak connection to working life contributed to increase in risk of DP's among young adults in vocational rehabilitation, also after adjusting for education level. These findings are important in the prevention of early disability retirements among young adults and should be considered in the development of targeted interventions aimed at individuals particularly at risk of not being integrated into future work lives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arnhild Myhr
- Department of Social Work and Health Science, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway.
| | - Tommy Haugan
- Nord-Trøndelag University College, Steinkjer, Norway
| | - Geir A Espnes
- Department of Social Work and Health Science, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
- Center for Health Promotion Research, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Monica Lillefjell
- Department of Social Work and Health Science, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
- Center for Health Promotion Research, Trondheim, Norway
- Department of Occupational Therapy, Faculty of Health Education and Social Work, Sør-Trøndelag University College, Trondheim, Norway
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Sumanen H, Rahkonen O, Pietiläinen O, Lahelma E, Roos E, Lahti J. Educational differences in disability retirement among young employees in Helsinki, Finland. Eur J Public Health 2015; 26:318-22. [PMID: 26678276 DOI: 10.1093/eurpub/ckv226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Hilla Sumanen
- 1 Department of Public Health, University of Helsinki, Finland
| | - Ossi Rahkonen
- 1 Department of Public Health, University of Helsinki, Finland
| | | | - Eero Lahelma
- 1 Department of Public Health, University of Helsinki, Finland
| | - Eira Roos
- 1 Department of Public Health, University of Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jouni Lahti
- 1 Department of Public Health, University of Helsinki, Finland
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Employment trends during preschool years among mothers of term singletons born with low birth weight. Matern Child Health J 2015; 18:2195-201. [PMID: 24643811 PMCID: PMC4198803 DOI: 10.1007/s10995-014-1468-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
Children born at term with low birth weight (LBW) are regarded growth restricted and are at particular risk of adverse health outcomes requiring a high degree of parental participation in the day-to-day care. This study examined whether their increased risk of special health care needs compared to other children may influence mothers’ opportunities for participation in the labor market at different times after delivery. Data from 32,938 participants in the population-based Norwegian Mother and Child Cohort Study with singleton children born at term in 2004–2006 were linked to national registers in order to investigate the mothers’ employment status when their children were 1–3 years in 2007 and 4–6 years in 2010. Children weighing less than two standard deviations below the gender-specific mean were defined as LBW children. Although not significantly different from mothers of children in the normal weight range, mothers of LBW children had the overall highest level of non-employment when the children were 1–3 years. At child age 4–6 years on the other hand, LBW was associated with an increased risk of non-employment (RR 1.39: 95 % CI 1.11–1.75) also after adjustment for factors associated with employment in general. In accordance with employment trends in the general population, our findings show that while mothers of normal birth weight children re-enter the labor market as their children grow older, mothers of LBW children born at term participate to a lesser extent in paid employment and remain at levels similar to those of mothers with younger children.
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Kristensen P, Corbett K, Mehlum IS. The gender gap in sickness absence from work and the influence of parental absence on offspring absence 15 years later: register-based cohort of Norwegians born in 1974-1976. BMC Public Health 2015; 15:684. [PMID: 26193933 PMCID: PMC4509777 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-015-2037-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2015] [Accepted: 07/07/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Women have shown consistently higher levels of sickness absence from work in comparison to men, but explanations for this gender gap have not been completely understood. Life-course studies suggest that health and health-related social benefits in adult age are influenced by early life experiences. We aimed to estimate intergenerational associations with a 15-year time gap between parents' and offspring sickness absences, pursuing the hypothesis that this parental influence would have a stronger impact for women than for men. METHODS All persons born alive between 1974 and 1976 in Norway were followed up in several national registries. Employed persons considered to be at risk of sickness absence and also with parents at risk of sickness absence (n = 78,878) were followed in the calendar year of their 33(rd) birthday with respect to spells lasting >16 days. The probability of one or more spells during this year constituted the one-year risk under study. Additive risk differences in association with an exposure (parental sickness absence 15 years earlier) were estimated in a binomial regression analysis. The estimates were adjusted for parental socioeconomic factors. RESULTS The 1-year sickness absence risk was higher for women (30.4%) than for men (12.3%). The crude risk differences between those exposed and those unexposed to parental sickness absence were similar in percentage points (PP) for women (3.8; 95% confidence interval (CI) 2.6 to 4.9) and men (3.8; 95% CI 2.9 to 4.6). The risk differences were moderately attenuated after adjustment for parental education and father's income to 3.4 PP (2.2 to 4.5) for women and 2.8 PP (2.0 to 3.7) for men. Male absence was more strongly associated with the father's than with the mother's sickness absence, while associations for women were stronger for the same diagnostic groups as their parents. CONCLUSIONS Parental sickness absence was moderately associated with sickness absence in the next generation. Bias from unmeasured confounders cannot be entirely dismissed. Contrary to our hypothesis, associations were not stronger for women than for men. If parental sickness absence has a long-term causal effect, preventive measures could have an impact over generations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petter Kristensen
- Department of Occupational Medicine and Epidemiology, National Institute of Occupational Health, Oslo, Norway.
- Department of Community Medicine, Institute of Health and Society, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
| | - Karina Corbett
- Department of Occupational Medicine and Epidemiology, National Institute of Occupational Health, Oslo, Norway.
| | - Ingrid Sivesind Mehlum
- Department of Occupational Medicine and Epidemiology, National Institute of Occupational Health, Oslo, Norway.
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Myklebust JO. How disability and school-related variables influence social security dependence among vulnerable young people in their late twenties. EMOTIONAL AND BEHAVIOURAL DIFFICULTIES 2015. [DOI: 10.1080/13632752.2014.947068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Homlong L, Rosvold EO, Bruusgaard D, Lien L, Sagatun Å, Haavet OR. A prospective population-based study of health complaints in adolescence and use of social welfare benefits in young adulthood. Scand J Public Health 2015; 43:629-37. [PMID: 26082075 DOI: 10.1177/1403494815589862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/07/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is a lack of knowledge on how health problems in adolescence are connected to work marginalization in adulthood. The aim of this study was to study work marginalization in young adulthood, measured by use of long-term social welfare benefits, and its associations with self-reported health complaints, total symptom burden and self-rated general health at ages 15-16. METHODS We linked data from a youth health survey conducted during 1999-2004 to data from Norwegian registries that followed each participant through February 2010. Cox regression analysis was used to compute hazard ratios (HRs) for the use of long-term social welfare benefits in young adulthood, based on health measures in 15-16 year-olds. RESULTS During the follow-up, 17% of the study population received some sort of long-term social welfare benefit. In the baseline survey, 95% of the adolescents reported one or more health complaints. The mean number of health complaints was 4.8. Girls reported a significantly higher mean number of complaints (5.7) than did boys (3.8) (p < 0.001). Several individual health complaints were associated with an increased use of long-term social welfare benefits. We found an increasing relative hazard of social welfare usage, depending on the number of complaints reported at baseline. Ill self-perceived general health was found to be strongly associated with the use of benefits during the follow-up: In girls, we found HRs of 1.41 (CI 1.21-1.65), 2.76 (2.29-3.31) and 2.77 (1.51-5.07) for those with good, not so good and bad health, respectively; compared to very good health. The corresponding numbers in boys were 1.41 (1.25-1.59), 1.93 (1.60-2.32) and 1.31 (0.72-2.38), respectively. CONCLUSIONS Several health measures in adolescents were found to be associated with future work marginalization in young adulthood. The associations remained significant, even after correcting for such strong predictors as the parents' education and family economy. Total symptom burden and self-perceived general health can add additional knowledge onto how adolescent health is related to work marginalization, in a longitudinal perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisbeth Homlong
- Department of General Practice, Institute of Health and Society, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Elin O Rosvold
- Department of General Practice, Institute of Health and Society, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Dag Bruusgaard
- Department of General Practice, Institute of Health and Society, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Lars Lien
- Hedmark University College, Elverum, Norway National Competence Center for Dual Diagnosis, Innlandet Hospital Trust, Brumunddal, Norway
| | - Åse Sagatun
- Centre for Child and Adolescent Mental Health (Eastern and Southern Norway), Oslo, Norway
| | - Ole R Haavet
- Department of General Practice, Institute of Health and Society, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
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de Ridder K, Pape K, Krokstad S, Bjørngaard JH. Health in adolescence and subsequent receipt of social insurance benefits – The HUNT Study. TIDSSKRIFT FOR DEN NORSKE LEGEFORENING 2015; 135:942-8. [PMID: 26037755 DOI: 10.4045/tidsskr.14.0261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Long-term illness and work incapacity in young adulthood has consequences for both the individual and for society. The purpose of the study was to investigate the association between adolescent health and receipt of long-term sickness and disability benefits for young adults in their twenties. MATERIAL AND METHOD An adolescent population of 8949 school students (aged 13-21 years) assessed their own health in the Young-HUNT1 Study (1995-1997). Health was measured by means of a questionnaire enquiring about chronic somatic illnesses, somatic symptoms, symptoms of anxiety and depression, sleep disturbance, poor concentration, self-reported health and smoking, and by measuring height and weight. Information about receipt of long-term benefits was retrieved from the FD-Trygd registry for the period 1998-2008 and defined as receipt of sickness benefit (>180 days/year), medical/vocational rehabilitation benefit and disability pension in the age group 20-29 years. We investigated the relationship between adolescent health and long-term social insurance benefits with logistic regression, adjusted for sex, age, follow-up time, mother's education and family composition. Siblings with different exposure and outcome were investigated to adjust for all familial factors shared by siblings. RESULTS Each of the health measures was associated with an increased risk of long-term benefit. For example, adolescents who reported one or more somatic illnesses or poor concentration had a 5.4 and 3.4 percentage point higher risk, respectively, of receiving long-term benefits at the age of 20-29 years than adolescents who did not report somatic illness or poor concentration. Moreover the risk increased with an increase in the number of health problems. Sibling analyses supported these associations. INTERPRETATION Health in adolescence is an indicator of increased vulnerability in the transition to the labour market. Preventing health selection during this transition should be a priority for welfare policy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karin de Ridder
- Institutt for samfunnsmedisin Norges teknisk-naturvitenskapelige universitet og Folkehelseinstitutt, operasjonell administrasjon, folkehelse og overvåking (WIV-ISP) Brussel
| | - Kristine Pape
- Institutt for samfunnsmedisin Norges teknisk-naturvitenskapelige universitet
| | - Steinar Krokstad
- HUNT forskningssenter Institutt for samfunnsmedisin Norges teknisk-naturvitenskapelige universitet og Psykiatrisk poliklinikk Sykehuset Levanger
| | - Johan Håkon Bjørngaard
- Institutt for samfunnsmedisin Norges teknisk-naturvitenskapelige universitet og Avdeling Brøset - kompetansesenter for sikkerhets-, fengsels- og rettspsykiatri St. Olavs hospital
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Sozioökonomische Analyse des Erwerbsminderungsrisikos – Eine Untersuchung anhand von BASiD-Daten. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s12297-015-0300-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Homlong L, Rosvold EO, Sagatun Å, Wentzel-Larsen T, Haavet OR. Living with mentally ill parents during adolescence: a risk factor for future welfare dependence? A longitudinal, population-based study. BMC Public Health 2015; 15:413. [PMID: 25895654 PMCID: PMC4419393 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-015-1734-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2014] [Accepted: 04/02/2015] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Living with parents suffering from mental illness can influence adolescents’ health and well-being, and adverse effects may persist into adulthood. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between parents’ mental health problems reported by their 15–16-year-old adolescents, the potential protective effect of social support and long-term dependence on public welfare assistance in young adulthood. Methods The study linked data from a youth health survey conducted during 1999–2004 among approximately 14 000 15–16-year-olds to data from high-quality, compulsory Norwegian registries that followed each participant through February 2010. Cox regression was used to compute hazard ratios for long-term welfare dependence in young adulthood based on several risk factors in 15–16-year-olds, including their parents’ mental health problems. Results Of the total study population, 10% (1397) reported having parents who suffered from some level of mental health problems during the 12 months prior to the baseline survey; 3% (420) reported that their parents had frequent mental health problems. Adolescent report of their parents’ mental health problems was associated with the adolescents’ long-term welfare dependence during follow-up, with hazard ratios (HRs) of 1.49 (CI 1.29–1.71), 1.82 (1.44–2.31) and 2.13 (CI 1.59–2.85) for some trouble, moderate trouble and frequent trouble, respectively, compared with report of no trouble with mental health problems. The associations remained significant after adjusting for socio-demographic factors, although additionally correcting for the adolescents’ own health status accounted for most of the effect. Perceived support from family, friends, classmates and teachers was analysed separately and each was associated with a lower risk of later welfare dependence. Family and classmate support remained a protective factor for welfare dependence after correcting for all study covariates (HR 0.84, CI 0.78–0.90 and 0.80, 0.75–0.85). We did not find evidence supporting a hypothesized buffering effect of social support. Conclusions Exposure to a parent’s mental health problem during adolescence may represent a risk for future welfare dependence in young adulthood. Perceived social support, from family and classmates in particular, may be a protective factor against future long-term welfare dependence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisbeth Homlong
- Department of General Practice, Institute of Health and Society, University of Oslo, PB 1130, Blindern, 0318, Oslo, Norway.
| | - Elin Olaug Rosvold
- Department of General Practice, Institute of Health and Society, University of Oslo, PB 1130, Blindern, 0318, Oslo, Norway.
| | - Åse Sagatun
- Centre for Child and Adolescent Mental Health, Eastern and Southern Norway, Oslo, Norway.
| | - Tore Wentzel-Larsen
- Centre for Child and Adolescent Mental Health, Eastern and Southern Norway, Oslo, Norway. .,Norwegian Centre for Violence and Traumatic Stress Studies, Oslo, Norway.
| | - Ole Rikard Haavet
- Department of General Practice, Institute of Health and Society, University of Oslo, PB 1130, Blindern, 0318, Oslo, Norway.
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von Bondorff MB, Törmäkangas T, Salonen M, von Bonsdorff ME, Osmond C, Kajantie E, Eriksson JG. Early life origins of all-cause and cause-specific disability pension: findings from the Helsinki Birth Cohort Study. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0122134. [PMID: 25849578 PMCID: PMC4388659 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0122134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2014] [Accepted: 02/07/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background There is some evidence linking sub-optimal prenatal development to an increased risk of disability pension (DP). Our aim was to investigate whether body size at birth was associated with transitioning into all-cause and cause-specific DP during the adult work career. Methods 10 682 people born in 1934–44 belonging to the Helsinki Birth Cohort Study had data on birth weight extracted from birth records, and on time, type and reason of retirement between 1971 and 2011 extracted from the Finnish Centre for Pensions. Results Altogether 21.3% transitioned into DP during the 40-year follow-up, mainly due to mental disorders, musculoskeletal disorders and cardiovascular disease. Average age of transitioning into DP was 51.3 (SD 8.4) for men and 52.2 (SD 7.6) for women. Cohort members who did not transition into DP retired 10 years later on average. Among men, higher birth weight was associated with a lower hazard of transitioning into DP, adjusted hazard ratio (HR) being 0.94 (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.88–0.99 for 1 SD increase in birth weight). For DP due to mental disorders the adjusted HR was 0.90, 95% CI 0.81, 0.99. A similar but non-significant trend was found for DP due to cardiovascular disease. Among women there were no associations between body size at birth and all-cause DP (p for interaction gender*birth weight on DP p = 0.007). Conclusions Among men disability pension, particularly due to mental disorders, may have its origins in prenatal development. Given that those who retire due to mental health problems are relatively young, the loss to the workforce is substantial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikaela B. von Bondorff
- Gerontology Research Center and Department of Health Sciences, University of Jyvaskyla, Jyväskylä, Finland
- * E-mail:
| | - Timo Törmäkangas
- Gerontology Research Center and Department of Health Sciences, University of Jyvaskyla, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Minna Salonen
- Division of Welfare and Health Promotion, Department of Chronic Disease Prevention, Diabetes Prevention Unit, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
- Folkhälsan Research Centre, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Monika E. von Bonsdorff
- Gerontology Research Center and Department of Health Sciences, University of Jyvaskyla, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Clive Osmond
- MRC Lifecourse Epidemiology Unit, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Eero Kajantie
- Division of Welfare and Health Promotion, Department of Chronic Disease Prevention, Diabetes Prevention Unit, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
- Hospital for Children and Adolescents, Helsinki University Central Hospital and University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Johan G. Eriksson
- Division of Welfare and Health Promotion, Department of Chronic Disease Prevention, Diabetes Prevention Unit, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
- Folkhälsan Research Centre, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of General Practice and Primary Health Care, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Unit of General Practice, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
- Vasa Central Hospital, Vasa, Finland
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Small for gestational age and adulthood risk of disability pension: The contribution of childhood and adulthood conditions. Soc Sci Med 2014; 119:249-57. [DOI: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2013.11.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2013] [Revised: 08/22/2013] [Accepted: 11/20/2013] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Sigurdson JF, Wallander J, Sund AM. Is involvement in school bullying associated with general health and psychosocial adjustment outcomes in adulthood? CHILD ABUSE & NEGLECT 2014; 38:1607-1617. [PMID: 24972719 DOI: 10.1016/j.chiabu.2014.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2014] [Revised: 05/21/2014] [Accepted: 06/03/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The aim was to examine prospectively associations between bullying involvement at 14-15 years of age and self-reported general health and psychosocial adjustment in young adulthood, at 26-27 years of age. A large representative sample (N=2,464) was recruited and assessed in two counties in Mid-Norway in 1998 (T1) and 1999/2000 (T2) when the respondents had a mean age of 13.7 and 14.9, respectively, leading to classification as being bullied, bully-victim, being aggressive toward others or non-involved. Information about general health and psychosocial adjustment was gathered at a follow-up in 2012 (T4) (N=1,266) with a respondent mean age of 27.2. Logistic regression and ANOVA analyses showed that groups involved in bullying of any type in adolescence had increased risk for lower education as young adults compared to those non-involved. The group aggressive toward others also had a higher risk of being unemployed and receiving any kind of social help. Compared with the non-involved, those being bullied and bully-victims had increased risk of poor general health and high levels of pain. Bully-victims and those aggressive toward others during adolescence subsequently had increased risk of tobacco use and lower job functioning than non-involved. Further, those being bullied and aggressive toward others had increased risk of illegal drug use. Relations to live-in spouse/partner were poorer among those being bullied. Involvement in bullying, either as victim or perpetrator, has significant social costs even 12 years after the bullying experience. Accordingly, it will be important to provide early intervention for those involved in bullying in adolescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- J F Sigurdson
- Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Faculty of Medicine, The Regional Centre for Child and Youth Mental Health and Child Welfare (RKBU), Trondheim, Norway
| | - J Wallander
- Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Faculty of Medicine, The Regional Centre for Child and Youth Mental Health and Child Welfare (RKBU), Trondheim, Norway; University of California, Merced, CA, USA
| | - A M Sund
- Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Faculty of Medicine, The Regional Centre for Child and Youth Mental Health and Child Welfare (RKBU), Trondheim, Norway; St. Olav Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
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Rahman S, Alexanderson K, Jokinen J, Mittendorfer-Rutz E. Risk factors for suicidal behaviour in individuals on disability pension due to common mental disorders - a nationwide register-based prospective cohort study in Sweden. PLoS One 2014; 9:e98497. [PMID: 24869674 PMCID: PMC4037205 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0098497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2014] [Accepted: 05/03/2014] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Common mental disorders (CMD) have become one of the leading causes for disability pension (DP). Studies on predictors of adverse health outcome following DP are sparse. This study aimed to examine the association of different socio-demographic factors and health care consumption with subsequent suicidal behaviour among individuals on DP due to CMD. METHOD This is a population-based prospective cohort study based on register data. All individuals aged 18-64 years, living in Sweden on 31-Dec-2004 who in 2005 were on DP due to CMD (N = 46 745) were followed regarding suicide attempt and suicide (2006-10). Univariate and multivariate hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for suicidal behaviour were estimated by Cox regression. RESULTS During the five-year follow-up, 1 046 (2.2%) and 210 (0.4%) individuals attempted and committed suicide, respectively. Multivariate analyses showed that young age (18-24 years) and low education predicted suicide attempt, while living alone was associated with both higher suicide attempt and suicide (range of HRs 1.23 to 1.68). Combined prescription of antidepressants with anxiolytics during 2005 and inpatient care due to mental diagnoses or suicide attempt (2001-05) were strongly associated with suicide attempt and suicide (range of HRs 1.3 to 4.9), while inpatient care due to somatic diagnoses and specialized outpatient care due to mental diagnoses during 2001-05 only predicted suicide attempt (HR 1.45; 95% CI: 1.3-1.7; HR 1.30; 95% CI: 1.1-1.7). CONCLUSIONS Along with socio-demographic factors, it is very important to consider type of previous healthcare use and medication history when designing further research or intervention aiming at individuals on DP due to CMD. Further research is warranted to investigate both characteristics of disability pension due to CMD, like duration, diagnoses and grade as well as mechanisms to subsequent suicidal behavior, taking potential gender differences into consideration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Syed Rahman
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Division of Insurance Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Kristina Alexanderson
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Division of Insurance Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jussi Jokinen
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Division of Psychiatry, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ellenor Mittendorfer-Rutz
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Division of Insurance Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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Gustafsson K, Aronsson G, Marklund S, Wikman A, Hagman M, Floderus B. Social integration, socioeconomic conditions and type of ill health preceding disability pension in young women: a Swedish population-based study. Int J Behav Med 2014; 21:77-87. [PMID: 23307701 DOI: 10.1007/s12529-012-9287-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Disability pension has increased in recent decades and is seen as a public health and socioeconomic problem in Western Europe. In the Nordic countries, the increase has been particularly steep among young women. PURPOSE The aim was to analyze the influence of low social integration, socioeconomic risk conditions and different measures of self-reported ill health on the risk of receiving disability pension in young women. METHOD The study comprised all Swedish women born in 1960 to 1979, who had been interviewed in any of the annual Swedish Surveys of Living Conditions (1990-2002). The assumed predictors were related to disability pension by Cox proportional hazard regression. The mean number of years of follow-up for the 10,936 women was 7 years (SD 3.8), and the study base was restricted to the ages 16 to 43 years of age. RESULTS An increased risk of receiving a disability pension was found among lone women, those who had sparse contacts with others, job-seeking women, homemakers, as well as women with low education, and poor private financial situations. A tenfold increase in the risk of receiving a disability pension was found among women reporting a long-standing illness and poor self-rated health, compared to women without a long-standing illness and good self-rated health. Psychiatric diagnoses and symptoms/unspecified illness were the strongest predictors of disability pension, particularly before 30 years of age. CONCLUSION The study suggests that weak social relations and weak connections to working life contribute to increase the risk of disability pension in young women, also after control for socioeconomic conditions and self-reported ill health. Self-rated health was the strongest predictor, followed by long-standing illness and not having a job (job seekers and homemakers).
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Affiliation(s)
- Klas Gustafsson
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Division of Insurance Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77, Stockholm, Sweden,
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Gustafsson K, Aronsson G, Marklund S, Wikman A, Floderus B. Does social isolation and low societal participation predict disability pension? A population based study. PLoS One 2013; 8:e80655. [PMID: 24223229 PMCID: PMC3819288 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0080655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2013] [Accepted: 10/06/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose The aim was to examine the potential influence of social isolation and low societal participation on the future risk of receiving disability pension among individuals in Sweden. A specific aim was to describe differences depending on disability pension diagnoses, and how the results were modified by sex and age. Method The study comprised representative samples of Swedish women and men, who had been interviewed in any of the annual Swedish Surveys of Living Conditions between 1990 and 2007. Information on disability pension and diagnoses was added from the Swedish Social Insurance Agency’s database (1991-2011). The mean number of years of follow-up for the 53920 women and men was twelve years (SD 5.5), and the study base was restricted to the ages 20 to 64 years of age. The predictors were related to disability pension by Cox’s proportional hazards regression. Results Social isolation and low societal participation were associated with future disability pension also after control for age, year of interview, socio demographic conditions and self reported longstanding illness. Lone individuals were at increased risk of disability pension, and the effect of living without children was modified by sex and age. An increase in risk was particularly noticeable among younger women who reported that they had sparse contacts with others, and no close friend. Both women and men who reported that they did not participate in political discussions and who could not appeal on a decision by a public authority were also at increased risk. The effects of social isolation were mainly attributed to disability pension with mental diagnoses, and to younger individuals. Conclusions The study suggests that social isolation and low societal participation are predictors of future disability pension. Social isolation and low societal participation increased particularly the risk of future disability pension in mental diagnoses among younger individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Klas Gustafsson
- Division of Insurance Medicine, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- * E-mail:
| | - Gunnar Aronsson
- Department of Psychology, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Staffan Marklund
- Division of Insurance Medicine, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Anders Wikman
- Division of Insurance Medicine, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Birgitta Floderus
- Division of Insurance Medicine, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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De Ridder KAA, Pape K, Cuypers K, Johnsen R, Holmen TL, Westin S, Bjørngaard JH. High school dropout and long-term sickness and disability in young adulthood: a prospective propensity score stratified cohort study (the Young-HUNT study). BMC Public Health 2013; 13:941. [PMID: 24103558 PMCID: PMC4124891 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2458-13-941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2013] [Accepted: 10/04/2013] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background High school dropout and long-term sickness absence/disability pension in young adulthood are strongly associated. We investigated whether common risk factors in adolescence may confound this association. Methods Data from 6612 school-attending adolescents (13–20 years old) participating in the Norwegian Young-HUNT1 Survey (1995–1997) was linked to long-term sickness absence or disability pension from age 24–29 years old, recorded in the Norwegian Labour and Welfare Organisation registers (1998–2008). We used logistic regression to estimate risk differences of sickness or disability for school dropouts versus completers, adjusting for health, health-related behaviours, psychosocial factors, school problems, and parental socioeconomic position. In addition, we stratified the regression models of sickness and disability following dropout across the quintiles of the propensity score for high school dropout. Results The crude absolute risk difference for long-term sickness or disability for a school dropout compared to a completer was 0.21% or 21% points (95% confidence interval (CI), 17 to 24). The adjusted risk difference was reduced to 15% points (95% CI, 12 to 19). Overall, high school dropout increased the risk for sickness or disability regardless of the risk factor level present for high school dropout. Conclusion High school dropouts have a strongly increased risk for sickness and disability in young adulthood across all quintiles of the propensity score for dropout, i.e. independent of own health, family and socioeconomic factors in adolescence. These findings reveal the importance of early prevention of dropout where possible, combined with increased attention to labour market integration and targeted support for those who fail to complete school.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karin A A De Ridder
- Department of Public Health and General Practice, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7491 Trondheim, Norway.
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Homlong L, Rosvold EO, Haavet OR. Can use of healthcare services among 15-16-year-olds predict an increased level of high school dropout? A longitudinal community study. BMJ Open 2013; 3:e003125. [PMID: 24056476 PMCID: PMC3780314 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2013-003125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To study associations between healthcare seeking in 15-16-year-olds and high school dropout 5 years later. DESIGN Longitudinal community study. SETTING Data from a comprehensive youth health survey conducted in 2000-2004, linked to data from national registries up to 2010. PARTICIPANTS 13 964 10th grade secondary school students in six Norwegian counties. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE Logistic regression was used to compute ORs for high school dropout. RESULTS The total proportion of students not completing high school 5 years after registering was 29% (girls 24%, boys 34%). Frequent attenders to school health services and youth health clinics at age 15-16 years had a higher dropout rate (37/48% and 45/71%), compared with those with no or moderate use. Adolescents referred to mental health services were also more likely to drop out (47/62%). Boys with moderate use of a general practitioner (GP) had a lower dropout rate (30%). A multiple logistic regression analysis, in which we adjusted for selected health indicators and sociodemographic background variables, revealed that seeking help from the youth health clinic and consulting mental health services, were associated with increased level of high school dropout 5 years later. Frequent attenders (≥4 contacts) had the highest odds of dropping out. Yet, boys who saw a GP and girls attending the school health services regularly over the previous year were less likely than their peers to drop out from high school. CONCLUSIONS Adolescents who seek help at certain healthcare services can be at risk of dropping out of high school later. Health workers should pay particular attention to frequent attenders and offer follow-up when needed. However, boys who attended a GP regularly were more likely to continue to high school graduation, which may indicate a protective effect of having a regular and stable relationship with a GP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisbeth Homlong
- Department of General Practice, Institute of Health and Society, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
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Johansen H, Dammann B, Andresen IL, Fagerland MW. Health-related quality of life for children with rare diagnoses, their parents' satisfaction with life and the association between the two. Health Qual Life Outcomes 2013; 11:152. [PMID: 24010895 PMCID: PMC3844436 DOI: 10.1186/1477-7525-11-152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2013] [Accepted: 08/29/2013] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose To examine children’s health-related quality of life and parents’ satisfaction with life and explore the association between the two in families where a child has a rare disorder. Methods We used a cross-sectional study design. A questionnaire was sent to parents of 439 school children (6–18 years) with congenital rare disorders. Children’s health-related quality of life (HRQOL) was examined by Pediatric Quality of Life InventoryTM 4.0 (PedsQL) Norwegian version. Satisfaction with life was examined by Satisfaction with Life Scale (SWLS). Results The response rate was 48% (n = 209). The average age of the children was 12 years and 50% were girls. The parents scored their children with reduced physical, emotional, social and school functioning. The reductions were greatest in the physical area. Parents scored average to high on SWLS but significantly lower than the general Norwegian population. There was a positive association between parental SWLS and the children’s social functioning and school functioning. Conclusion Children with congenital, rare disorders often require assistance from many parts of the public service system. Caring for their physical needs should not conflict with their educational and social needs. It is important that the children’s school-life is organized so that the diagnosis does not interfere with the children’s education and social life more than necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heidi Johansen
- TRS National Resource Centre for Rare Disorders, Sunnaas Rehabilitation Hospital, Nesoddtangen 1450, Norway.
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Henderson M, Stansfeld S, Hotopf M. Self-rated health and later receipt of work-related benefits: evidence from the 1970 British Cohort Study. Psychol Med 2013; 43:1755-1762. [PMID: 23137468 DOI: 10.1017/s0033291712002528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Long-term sickness absence (LTSA) is most commonly due to common mental disorders and symptom-based conditions. Relatively little research has examined individual, as opposed to occupational, risk factors for LTSA. Individual appraisal of the workplace has been considered in several studies but self-rated health has more often been examined as a consequence of, rather than as a risk factor for, sickness absence. We aimed to study the association between self-rated health and later LTSA. METHOD We used data from the 1970 British Cohort Study (BCS70). LTSA was defined as being in receipt of Incapacity Benefit (IB)/Severe Disablement Allowance (SDA) at age 34. The mother rated the participant's overall health at age 16; the participants self-rated at age 30. Reports of psychological and somatic symptoms were available at age 16; data on major health conditions were available at age 30. RESULTS Analyses were restricted to those working, studying or caring for children at age 30 (n = 14 105). One hundred and fifty-six (1.1%) were receiving IB or SDA by age 34. After adjustment for social class at birth, educational attainment, health conditions at age 30 and psychological and somatic symptoms at age 16, those who reported their health as poor had more than five times the odds of being long-term sick at age 34. CONCLUSIONS The overall appraisal of an individual's health as poor, independent of any diagnosis, is a significant vulnerability factor for LTSA.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Henderson
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, UK.
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Foss L, Gravseth HM, Kristensen P, Claussen B, Mehlum IS, Skyberg K. "Inclusive working life in Norway": a registry-based five-year follow-up study. J Occup Med Toxicol 2013; 8:19. [PMID: 23829467 PMCID: PMC3706356 DOI: 10.1186/1745-6673-8-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2013] [Accepted: 07/01/2013] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In 2001, the Norwegian authorities and major labour market partners signed an agreement regarding 'inclusive working life' (IW), whereby companies that participate are committed to reducing sickness absence. Our main aim was to determine the effect of the IW program and work characteristics by gender on long-term (>8 weeks) sickness absence (LSA). METHODS Self-reported data on work characteristics from the Oslo Health Study were linked to registry-based data on IW status, education and LSA. From 2001-2005, 10,995 participants (5,706 women and 5,289 men) aged 30, 40, 45 and 60 years were followed. A Cox regression was used to compute hazard ratios (HR) for LSA risk. The cohort was divided into an IW group (2,733 women and 2,058 men) and non-IW group (2,973/3,231). RESULTS 43.2% and 41.6% of women and 22.3%/24.3% of men (IW / non-IW, respectively) experienced at least one LSA. In a multivariate model, statistically significant risk factors for LSA were low education (stronger in men), shift work/night work or rotating hours (strongest in men in the non-IW group), and heavy physical work or work involving walking and lifting (men only and stronger in the non-IW group). Among men who engaged in shift work, the LSA risk was significantly lower in the IW group. CONCLUSIONS Our results could suggest that IW companies that employ many men in shift work have implemented relevant efforts for reducing sickness absence. However, this study could not demonstrate a significant effect of the IW program on the overall LSA risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Line Foss
- National Institute of Occupational Health, Oslo, Norway.
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Schoeyen HK, Melle I, Sundet K, Aminoff SR, Hellvin T, Auestad BH, Morken G, Andreassen OA. Occupational outcome in bipolar disorder is not predicted by premorbid functioning and intelligence. Bipolar Disord 2013; 15:294-305. [PMID: 23527993 DOI: 10.1111/bdi.12056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2011] [Accepted: 01/23/2013] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Bipolar disorder (BD), over the long term, can manifest a variety of outcomes depending on a number of different conditions. There is a need for further knowledge regarding preventive factors as well as predictors of the disabling course of the disorder. Studies regarding the impact on functional outcome of premorbid and current general intellectual function [intelligence quotient (IQ)] and premorbid functioning in BD patients are sparse. The present study addressed the role of premorbid functioning [assessed with the Premorbid Adjustment Scale (PAS)], intelligence, course of illness, and sociodemographics on occupational outcome in BD. METHODS Bipolar disorder patients were recruited consecutively from psychiatric units (outpatient and inpatient) in four major hospitals in Oslo, Norway [(N = 226: 64.4% bipolar I disorder (BD-I); 30.1% bipolar II disorder (BD-II); 5.5% bipolar disorder not otherwise specified (BD-NOS); 38.6% males]. The associations between current IQ, premorbid IQ [assessed using the National Adult Reading Test (NART)], PAS, clinical and sociodemographic characteristics, and receipt of disability benefit were analysed using descriptive statistics and logistic regression analyses. RESULTS The number of hospitalizations for depressive episodes and illness duration was associated with a higher risk of receipt of disability benefit. PAS, premorbid and current IQ, as well as decline in IQ, did not explain the higher risk of receipt of disability benefits. CONCLUSIONS Severe clinical course of BD was associated with receipt of disability benefit. Occupational outcome was unrelated to PAS, premorbid and current IQ, as well as decline in IQ. This suggests that the persistence of severe clinical symptoms, rather than global cognitive functioning, determines occupational outcome in BD and emphasizes the protective potential of early and continuous clinical treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helle K Schoeyen
- Moodnet Research Group, Division of Psychiatry, Stavanger University Hospital, Stavanger, Norway.
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Narusyte J, Ropponen A, Alexanderson K, Svedberg P. The role of familial factors in the associations between sickness absence and disability pension or mortality. Eur J Public Health 2013; 24:106-10. [DOI: 10.1093/eurpub/ckt039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Pape K, Bjørngaard JH, De Ridder KAA, Westin S, Holmen TL, Krokstad S. Medical benefits in young Norwegians and their parents, and the contribution of family health and socioeconomic status. The HUNT Study, Norway. Scand J Public Health 2013; 41:455-62. [PMID: 23508948 DOI: 10.1177/1403494813481645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Family and intergenerational perspectives might contribute to a better understanding of why young people in many European countries experience work impairment and end up being dependent on public benefits for life sustenance. The aim of this cohort study was to explore the relationship between the receipt of medical benefits in parents and their young adult offspring and the contributions of family health and family socioeconomic status. METHODS Baseline information on the health of 7597 adolescents and their parents who participated in the HUNT Study 1995-1997 was linked to national registers to identify long-term receipt of medical benefits for parents (1992-1997) and adolescents as they entered adulthood (1998-2008). We used logistic regression to explore the association between parent and offspring receipt of medical benefits, adjusting for family health and socioeconomic status. RESULTS Among adolescents, 13% received medical benefits from age 20-29. Adolescents whose parents had received medical benefits (26%) were more likely to receive such benefits themselves from age 20-29 compared with adolescents without benefit-receiving parents (age- and sex-adjusted odds ratio (OR) 2.16, 95 % confidence interval (CI) 1.86-2.49). Adjustment for family health reduced this estimate considerably (to OR 1.66, 95% CI 1.38-1.99), whereas adjustment for family socioeconomic status had less impact. CONCLUSIONS Adolescents whose parents receive medical benefits enter adult working life with an elevated risk of health-related work exclusion. Family health vulnerability appears to be a key to understanding this association, suggesting that more attention to intergenerational continuities of health could be a way to prevent welfare dependence in future generations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristine Pape
- Department of Public Health and General Practice, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway.
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