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Madheshiya P, Gupta GS, Sahoo A, Tiwari S. Role of Elevated Ozone on Development and Metabolite Contents of Lemongrass [ Cymbopogon flexuosus (Steud.) (Wats.)]. Metabolites 2023; 13:metabo13050597. [PMID: 37233638 DOI: 10.3390/metabo13050597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Revised: 04/21/2023] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The present study was conducted to assess the effect of elevated ozone stress on the development and metabolite contents of lemongrass, a medicinal plant. The experimental plant was exposed to two elevated ozone concentrations (ambient + 15 ppb, and ambient + 30 ppb) using open-top chambers. Samplings were carried out at 45 and 90 days after transplantation (DAT), for the analysis of different characteristics, while the metabolite contents of leaves and essential oils were analyzed at 110 DAT. Both the doses of elevated ozone had notable negative effects on the carbon fixation efficiency of plants, resulting in a significant reduction in plant biomass. Enzymatic antioxidant activity increased during the second sampling, which suggests that the scavenging of reactive oxygen species was more prominent in lemongrass during the later developmental stage. The results of the present study showed a stimulated diversion of resources towards the phenylpropanoid pathway, which is made evident by the increase in the number and contents of metabolites in foliar extract and essential oils of plants grown at elevated ozone doses, as compared to ambient ozone. Elevated ozone not only upregulated the contents of medicinally important components of lemongrass, it also induced the formation of some pharmaceutically active bio compounds. On the basis of this study, it is expected that increasing ozone concentrations in near future will enhance the medicinal value of lemongrass. However, more experiments are required to validate these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parvati Madheshiya
- Laboratory of Ecotoxicology, Centre of Advanced Studies, Department of Botany, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India
| | - Gereraj Sen Gupta
- Laboratory of Ecotoxicology, Centre of Advanced Studies, Department of Botany, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India
| | - Ansuman Sahoo
- Laboratory of Ecotoxicology, Centre of Advanced Studies, Department of Botany, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India
| | - Supriya Tiwari
- Laboratory of Ecotoxicology, Centre of Advanced Studies, Department of Botany, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India
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Chaurasia M, Patel K, Tripathi I, Rao KS. Impact of dust accumulation on the physiological functioning of selected herbaceous plants of Delhi, India. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:80739-80754. [PMID: 35729390 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-21484-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2021] [Accepted: 06/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Plants are now widely recognized for their potential role in improving the air quality by dispersion and deposition of atmospheric dust particles. However, suspended dust particles negatively affect plant growth and physiological development. The present study aims to assess the amount of dust accumulation on the leaf surface and to evaluate the effect of foliar dust on leaf gas exchange parameters, photosynthetic pigment, and metabolite content of five roadside herbaceous plant species (Amaranthus viridis, Achyranthes aspera, Acalypha indica, Parthenium hysterophorus, Trianthema portulacastrum). Two sites (site I and site II) were selected that differed in their surrounding anthropogenic activities and dust pollution levels. Results showed that the average amount of dust accumulated on the leaf surface was significantly greater in plants grown at the polluted site. Among the five species examined, the highest amount of foliar dust load was observed for A. aspera (0.49 mg cm-2). Dust accumulation caused substantial changes in plant physiology as indicated by the significant decline in chlorophyll content, photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductivity, and transpiration rate in plants grown at the polluted site. Moreover, an increase in antioxidant activity, total ascorbate, and metabolite content, responsible for maintaining plant defense, was higher in plants at polluted site. Biochemical response of the individual plants studied was variable, which suggests that different plants adopted different mechanisms to cope with the stress induced by dust particles.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kajal Patel
- Department of Botany, University of Delhi, New Delhi, 110007, India
| | - Indu Tripathi
- Department of Botany, University of Delhi, New Delhi, 110007, India
- Department of Environmental Studies, University of Delhi, New Delhi, 110007, India
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3
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Shrestha RK, Shi D, Obaid H, Elsayed NS, Xie D, Ni J, Ni C. Crops' response to the emergent air pollutants. PLANTA 2022; 256:80. [PMID: 36097229 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-022-03993-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Accepted: 09/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Consequences of air pollutants on physiology, biology, yield and quality in the crops are evident. Crop and soil management can play significant roles in attenuating the impacts of air pollutants. With rapid urbanization and industrialization, air pollution has emerged as a serious threat to quality crop production. Assessing the effect of the elevated level of pollutants on the performance of the crops is crucial. Compared to the soil and water pollutants, the air pollutants spread more rapidly to the extensive area. This paper has reviewed and highlighted the major findings of the previous research works on the morphological, physiological and biochemical changes in some important crops and fruits exposed to the increasing levels of air pollutants. The crop, soil and environmental factors governing the effect of air pollutants have been discussed. The majority of the observations suggest that the air pollutants alter the physiology and biochemical in the plants, i.e., while some pollutants are beneficial to the growth and yields and modify physiological and morphological processes, most of them appeared to be detrimental to the crop yields and their quality. A better understanding of the mechanisms of the uptake of air pollutants and crop responses is quite important for devising the measures ‒ at both policy and program levels ‒ to minimize their possible negative impacts on crops. Further research directions in this field have also been presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ram Kumar Shrestha
- College of Resources and Environment, Southwest University, Teaching Building 35, Tiansheng Road No 2, Chongqing, 400715, China
- Lamjung Campus, Institute of Agriculture and Animal Science, Tribhuvan University, Lamjung, Nepal
| | - Dan Shi
- College of Resources and Environment, Southwest University, Teaching Building 35, Tiansheng Road No 2, Chongqing, 400715, China
- Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation (Southwest China), Ministry of Agriculture, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Hikmatullah Obaid
- College of Resources and Environment, Southwest University, Teaching Building 35, Tiansheng Road No 2, Chongqing, 400715, China
- Department of Soil Science and Plant Nutrition, Afghanistan National Agricultural Sciences and Technology University, Kandahar, Afghanistan
| | - Nader Saad Elsayed
- College of Resources and Environment, Southwest University, Teaching Building 35, Tiansheng Road No 2, Chongqing, 400715, China
- Soil and Agricultural Chemistry Department, Faculty of Agriculture (Saba-Basha), Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Deti Xie
- College of Resources and Environment, Southwest University, Teaching Building 35, Tiansheng Road No 2, Chongqing, 400715, China
- Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation (Southwest China), Ministry of Agriculture, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Jiupai Ni
- College of Resources and Environment, Southwest University, Teaching Building 35, Tiansheng Road No 2, Chongqing, 400715, China
- Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation (Southwest China), Ministry of Agriculture, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Chengsheng Ni
- College of Resources and Environment, Southwest University, Teaching Building 35, Tiansheng Road No 2, Chongqing, 400715, China.
- Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation (Southwest China), Ministry of Agriculture, Chongqing, 400715, China.
- National Base of International S and T Collaboration On Water Environmental Monitoring and Simulation in Three Gorges Reservoir Region, Chongqing, 400716, China.
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Li M, Gu H, Lam SS, Sonne C, Peng W. Deposition-mediated phytoremediation of nitrogen oxide emissions. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2022; 308:119706. [PMID: 35798191 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2022.119706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2022] [Revised: 06/06/2022] [Accepted: 06/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The growing global population and use of natural resources lead to significant air pollution. Nitrogen oxide emissions is a potential killer threatening human health requiring focus and remediation using vegetation being efficient and cheap. Here we review the mechanisms of removing nitrogen oxides by dry deposition of plants, discussing the principle of leaf absorption of pollutants and factors affecting the removal of nitrogen oxides providing a theoretical basis for the selection of urban greening vegetation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengzhen Li
- Henan Province International Collaboration Lab of Forest Resources Utilization, School of Forestry, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Haping Gu
- Henan Province International Collaboration Lab of Forest Resources Utilization, School of Forestry, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Su Shiung Lam
- Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, Higher Institution Centre of Excellence (HICoE), Institute of Tropical Aquaculture and Fisheries; 21030 Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia
| | - Christian Sonne
- Aarhus University, Department of Bioscience, Arctic Research Centre (ARC), Frederiksborgvej 399, PO Box 358, DK-4000 Roskilde, Denmark
| | - Wanxi Peng
- Henan Province International Collaboration Lab of Forest Resources Utilization, School of Forestry, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China.
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Mondal S, Singh G. Air pollution tolerance, anticipated performance, and metal accumulation capacity of common plant species for green belt development. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:25507-25518. [PMID: 34843046 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-17716-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Accepted: 11/18/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Green vegetation enrichment is a cost-effective technique for reducing atmospheric pollution. Fifteen common tropical plant species were assessed for identifying their air pollution tolerance, anticipated performance, and metal accumulation capacity at Jharia Coalfield and Reference (JCF) site using Air Pollution Tolerance Index (APTI), Anticipated Performance Index (API), and Metal Accumulation Index (MAI). Metal accumulation efficiencies were observed to be highest for Ficus benghalensis L. (12.67mg/kg) and Ficus religiosa L. (10.71 mg/kg). The values of APTI were found to be highest at JCF for F. benghalensis (APTI: 25.21 ± 0.95), F. religiosa (APTI: 23.02 ± 0.21), Alstonia scholaris (L.) R. Br. (APTI: 18.50 ± 0.43), Mangifera indica L. (APTI: 16.88 ± 0.65), Azadirachta indica A. Juss. (APTI: 15.87 ± 0.21), and Moringa oleifera Lam. (APTI: 16.32 ± 0.66). F. benghalensis and F. religiosa were found to be excellent performers to mitigate air pollution at JCF as per their API score. Values of MAI, APTI, and API were observed to be lowest at reference sites for all the studied plant species due to absence of any air polluting sources. The findings revealed that air pollution played a significant impact in influencing the biochemical and physiological parameters of plants in a contaminated coal mining area. The species with the maximum MAI and APTI values might be employed in developing a green belt to minimize the levels of pollutants into the atmosphere.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shilpi Mondal
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology (Indian School of Mines), Dhanbad, 826004, Jharkhand, India
| | - Gurdeep Singh
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology (Indian School of Mines), Dhanbad, 826004, Jharkhand, India.
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Shakeel T, Hussain M, Shah GM, Gul I. Impact of vehicular emissions on anatomical and morphological characteristics of vascular plants: A comparative study. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 287:131937. [PMID: 34454226 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.131937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2021] [Revised: 08/03/2021] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Abbottabad is a famous tourist destination due to its greenery and location. However, rapid increase in population and unplanned urbanization cause various environmental problems. Among different environmental stress, vehicular emission is the major issue for the survival and sustainability of plant species. This study aimed to investigate the effects of atmospheric pollution (caused by vehicular emission) on the anatomical, biochemical and morphological aspects of plant species present alongside the roads of Abbottabad, Pakistan. The plants were also collected from control sites (away from road-sites) for comparison. The results showed that various morphological characteristics of plant species including petiole length, vein-to-vein difference between leaves and length to breadth ratio of leaves were adversely affected by air pollution. The stomatal index varies in plant species because of variations in the numbers of epidermal cells. The air pollution tolerance index (APTI) of plant leaves from contaminated areas was reported to be higher as compared to control (non-contaminated) areas. Consequently, the findings from this study confirmed that plant species growing alongside of Abbottabad roads has greater tolerance than plant species growing in solitude areas away from road sites (control sites). Among different studied plants, Juglans regia, Morus nigra, Xanthium strumarium, Prunus armenica, Diospterus lotus and Populus ciliata have highest APTI and found to be more suitable for plantation in Abbottabad.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tufail Shakeel
- Department of Botany, Hazara University, Mansehra, Pakistan.
| | | | | | - Iram Gul
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Hazara University, Mansehra, Pakistan.
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Mina U, Kandpal A, Bhatia A, Ghude S, Bisht DS, Kumar P. Wheat Cultivar Growth, Biochemical, Physiological and Yield Attributes Response to Combined Exposure to Tropospheric Ozone, Particulate Matter Deposition and Ascorbic Acid Application. BULLETIN OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2021; 107:938-945. [PMID: 34519835 DOI: 10.1007/s00128-021-03373-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2021] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
In the present study wheat (Triticum aestivum) cultivar HD 2967 was exposed to ambient and elevated levels of O3 and PM deposition, with and without exogenous application of ascorbic acid (AA). Cultivar HD 2967 exposed to eight treatments in free air O3 enrichment facility and the assessed results showed that wheat cultivar, growth, biochemical, physiological and yield attributes were variably but adversely affected by combined exposure to O3 and PM deposition. PM deposition clogged stomata and enhanced leaf temperature. However, plants exposed to O3 and PM deposition and treated with AA exhibited less reduction in yield as compared to plants exposed to O3 and PM deposition without AA treatment. The decline in grain yield of HD 2967 due to combined exposure of O3 and PM deposition were in the range of 4%-17%. AA spray partially mitigated ozone and PM deposition adverse impact and enhanced wheat yield by 16%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Usha Mina
- School of Environmental Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India.
- Centre for Environmental Science and Climate Resilient Agriculture, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India.
| | - Anjali Kandpal
- Centre for Environmental Science and Climate Resilient Agriculture, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - Arti Bhatia
- Centre for Environmental Science and Climate Resilient Agriculture, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - Sachin Ghude
- Indian Institute of Tropical Meteorology, Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - D S Bisht
- Indian Institute of Tropical Meteorology (Delhi Branch), New Delhi, India
| | - Pramod Kumar
- School of Environmental Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India
- Sri Aurobindo College, University of Delhi, New Delhi, India
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8
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Banerjee S, Banerjee A, Palit D. Ecosystem services and impact of industrial pollution on urban health: evidence from Durgapur, West Bengal, India. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2021; 193:744. [PMID: 34677689 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-021-09526-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2021] [Accepted: 10/08/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Industrialization, urbanization, and rapid socioeconomic growth are the prime factors regarding development of an urban city. These activities deteriorate the environment slowly by increasing harmful pollutants and the impact of which will be observed in near future in terms of several natural calamities, disease, and ecological consequences. Various urban ecosystems like urban forestry, wetland, grassland, parks/gardens etc. are the main criteria of urban health in respect to delivering multiple of benefits to the surrounding biota. But these regulatory systems have been affected severely through different industrial pollution stresses resulting into deterioration of their physicochemical quality and biotic diversity. The study revealed that the annual average air pollution index (API) exceeded the higher threshold value (i.e. >100) during the study period and recognized Durgapur as the severely polluted region in West Bengal, India. The characteristics of major air pollutants like SO2, NOx, and suspended particulate matter (SPM) and their temporal trends have been evaluated. The objective of this study was to detect the effect of industrial pollution on the aforesaid urban ecosystems in terms of variable ecological services such as purification of polluted air, atmospheric regulation, reduction of noise, proper drainage of rainwater, and sewage treatment. The outcome of this review work was to evaluate thoroughly the physiological, biochemical, and morphological symptoms of plant species under air pollution stress. On the other hand, the effect of air pollution on human and animal populations regarding various diseases (like bronchitis, cardiopulmonary arrest, cancer, liver and kidney dysfunction) has also been discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiboram Banerjee
- PG Department of Conservation Biology, Durgapur Govt. college, Durgapur, 713214, West Bengal, India.
| | - Arnab Banerjee
- U.T.D, Department of Environmental Science, Sant Gahira Guru Vishwavidyalaya, Ambikapur, Chattisgarh, 497001, India
| | - Debnath Palit
- Department of Botany, Durgapur Govt. College, Durgapur, 713214, West Bengal, India
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Li M, Huang D, Zhou Y, Zhang J, Lin X, Chen J. The legacy effects of PM 2.5 depositon on Nerium Oleander L. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 281:130682. [PMID: 34020193 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.130682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2021] [Revised: 04/19/2021] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Green plants have the capability to retain atmospheric particulate matter (PM) on their leaves, which can effectively reduce PM pollution, especially in the urban settings. Some studies reported that the periodic PM pollution could change plant retaining PM capacity, which, indeed, was the reason of physiological responses. In advancing the previous studies, we selected Nerium oleander L. to measure PM retention on leaf surface in a controlled environment by the following periods: initial pollution period (S1), recovery period (R), and secondary pollution period (S2) for a total of 12 weeks. The experimental design was one elevated pollution treatment (166 μg m-3) and one ambient control (28 μg m-3) with three replications. Results showed that during S2, the total retention decreased by 8.87 μg cm-2, which was about 10.4% significant lower than in S1. During the third week, the ascorbic acid content (ASA) in S1 was 6.71 mg g-1 significantly lower than that in S2 in the treatment. The total chlorophyll (Chl T) of the treatment decreased continuously and significantly by 33.8% in S1, but showed no similar trend in S2. The net photosynthetic rate of the treatment was significantly lower than that of the control, and the plants in the treatment showed a consistently high dark respiration rate than that in the control. The correlations between PM retention and ASA, Chl T and RWC were weaker in S1 than that in S2. In addition, air pollution tolerance index (APTI) showed a significant decline in plant pollution tolerance in the treatment during the third week.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Li
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Lin'an, 311300, China
| | - Dongming Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Lin'an, 311300, China
| | - Yuanhong Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Lin'an, 311300, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Lin'an, 311300, China
| | - Xintao Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Lin'an, 311300, China
| | - Jian Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Lin'an, 311300, China.
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Sheng Q, Song M, Zhu Z, Cao F. Physiological and biochemical responses of two precious Carpinus species to high-concentration NO 2 stress and their natural recovery. Sci Rep 2021; 11:9500. [PMID: 33947881 PMCID: PMC8096962 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-84702-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2020] [Accepted: 02/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Carpinus betulus and Carpinus putoensis are precious species in the world. Studies on the ecosystem function of the two species are rare. This study investigated the physiological and biochemical responses of C. betulus and C. putoensis to NO2 stress and their natural recovery. C. betulus and C. putoensis seedlings underwent fumigation with 12.0 mg/m3 NO2 for 0, 1, 6, 12, 24, 48, and 72 h, respectively. Then, the plants were allowed to recover at room temperature for 30 d. Physiological and biochemical changes in the leaves were compared between the two species. In terms of peroxidase (POD) activity, the damage response of C. betulus under NO2 stress appeared later than that of C. putoensis. The soluble protein content of C. betulus was noticeably higher than that of C. putoensis, and C. betulus exhibited more stable membrane lipoperoxidation. The tendency of the changes in nitrate reductase of C. betulus was less noticeable than that of C. putoensis. The variation amplitudes of N, K, Mg, Zn and Mn in the leaves of C. putoensis were greater than those of C. betulus. C. putoensis showed more sensitive metabolisms in response to NO2 stress compared with C. betulus. High-concentration NO2 caused damage to C. betulus and C. putoensis was reversible, and both species returned to normal growth via their own metabolism after 30-d recovery. The results of this study may provide useful reference data for quantitative assessment of the ecosystem function of C. betulus and C. putoensis and for their scientific application in urban greening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianqian Sheng
- College of Landscape Architecture, Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, China.
| | - Min Song
- College of Landscape Architecture, Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, China
| | - Zunling Zhu
- College of Landscape Architecture, Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, College of Art and Design, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, China.
| | - Fuliang Cao
- College of Forestry, Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry of University, Nanjing, 210037, China
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Reviewing the Impact of Vehicular Pollution on Road-Side Plants—Future Perspectives. SUSTAINABILITY 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/su13095114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
With population explosion, automobiles have also exploded and so has pollution due to vehicular emissions. Road-side plants and highway vegetation are the first targets of these vehicular emissions. This review briefly presents a snapshot of how vehicular emission can affect plants. On the contrary, the positive perspective of how road-side plants may be able to affect and influence the harmful effects of vehicular emissions has also been discussed. Ways and means by which plants can become potential bio indicators of air pollution have also been speculated. The fact that the nanocarbon particulate aspect of automobile pollutants and their interactions with road-side plants and more so on road-side agricultural crops, has not been appropriately investigated has been raised as a key concern. The need to arrive at mitigation methods to identify permanent solutions to these rising concerns has been highlighted.
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Ben Amor A, Bagues M, Elloumi N, Chaira N, Rahmani R, Nagaz K. Suitability of four main Mediterranean tree crops for their growth in peri-urban agriculture and restoration (Gabes, Tunisia). ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:19034-19045. [PMID: 33394422 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-12102-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
In order to increase the knowledge about crop tolerance to air pollutants in the different agroclimatic zones of the world, so that they can be efficiently considered for improving peri-urban agriculture, increasing the success of restoration projects, or enhancing air quality in polluted sites, the suitability of four economical valuable tree crops of the Mediterranean agriculture were studied under field conditions: date palm tree (Phoenix dactylifera L.), pomegranate (Punica granatum L.), fig tree (Ficus carica L.), and olive tree (Olea europaea L.). The measurement of biochemical markers such as ascorbic acid content, leaf relative water content, leaf total chlorophyll and leaf extract pH, at two contrasted air quality sites, a polluted site located around Gabes (Tunisia) industrial area and a control site, allowed the assessment of the air pollution tolerance index (APTI) and anticipated performance index (API) for the assayed species. Results showed obvious differences between the evergreen and the caducifolious tree crops assayed. Phoenix dactylifera tree (API = 6) was classified as an excellent performer for growing under poor air quality, followed by Olea europaea tree (API = 2) which was classified as a moderate performer. Both of trees can be recommended for successful results in peri-urban agriculture and restoration projects of polluted areas in the Mediterranean climate; on the contrary, the suitability of the Punica granatum (API = 1) was very poor, but still potentially interesting as a biological indicator of air pollution. Regarding the Ficus carica tree (API = 0), this species is not suitable for growing in air-polluted areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Afef Ben Amor
- Drylands and Oases Cropping Laboratory, Institute of Arid Regions of Medenine, University of Gabes, Gabes, Tunisia
| | - Mohamed Bagues
- Drylands and Oases Cropping Laboratory, Institute of Arid Regions of Medenine, University of Gabes, Gabes, Tunisia.
| | - Nada Elloumi
- Laboratory of Water, Energy and Environment, Higher Institute of Biotechnology of Sfax, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Nizar Chaira
- Drylands and Oases Cropping Laboratory, Institute of Arid Regions of Medenine, University of Gabes, Gabes, Tunisia
| | - Rami Rahmani
- Research Unit of Active Biomolecules Valorization, Higher Institute of Applied Biology of Mednine, University of Gabes, Gabes, Tunisia
| | - Kamel Nagaz
- Drylands and Oases Cropping Laboratory, Institute of Arid Regions of Medenine, University of Gabes, Gabes, Tunisia
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Nathanael JG, White JM, Richter A, Nuske MR, Wille U. Oxidative damage of proline residues by nitrate radicals (NO 3˙): a kinetic and product study. Org Biomol Chem 2020; 18:6949-6957. [PMID: 32936182 DOI: 10.1039/d0ob01337d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Tertiary amides, such as in N-acylated proline or N-methyl glycine residues, react rapidly with nitrate radicals (NO3˙) with absolute rate coefficients in the range of 4-7 × 108 M-1 s-1 in acetonitrile. The major pathway proceeds through oxidative electron transfer (ET) at nitrogen, whereas hydrogen abstraction is only a minor contributor under these conditions. However, steric hindrance at the amide, for example by alkyl side chains at the α-carbon, lowers the rate coefficient by up to 75%, indicating that NO3˙-induced oxidation of amide bonds proceeds through initial formation of a charge transfer complex. Furthermore, the rate of oxidative damage of proline and N-methyl glycine is significantly influenced by its position in a peptide. Thus, neighbouring peptide bonds, particularly in the N-direction, reduce the electron density at the tertiary amide, which slows down the rate of ET by up to one order of magnitude. The results from these model studies suggest that the susceptibility of proline residues in peptides to radical-induced oxidative damage should be considerably reduced, compared with the single amino acid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joses G Nathanael
- School of Chemistry, Bio21 Institute, The University of Melbourne, 30 Flemington Road, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia.
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Alotaibi MD, Alharbi BH, Al-Shamsi MA, Alshahrani TS, Al-Namazi AA, Alharbi SF, Alotaibi FS, Qian Y. Assessing the response of five tree species to air pollution in Riyadh City, Saudi Arabia, for potential green belt application. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 27:29156-29170. [PMID: 32436090 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-09226-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2019] [Accepted: 05/11/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Tree species (including Eucalyptus camaldulensis, Ziziphus spina-christi, Albizia lebbeck, Prosopis juliflora, Pithecellobium dulce, and Ficus altissima) were investigated to elucidate their appropriates for green belt application. Leaf samples were collected from four different locations in Riyadh: (1) residential; (2) dense traffic; (3) industrial; and (4) reference sites located approximately 20 km away from the city of Riyadh. Leaves collected from the industrial site showed the highest leaf area reduction. The smallest reduction of leaf areas was observed for F. altissima (11.6%), while the highest reduction was observed for P. juliflora (34.8%). Variations in the air pollution tolerance index (APTI) coupled with the anticipated performance index (API) for each species were examined. The APTI value of Z. spina-christi was highest (58.5) at the industrial site while the lowest APTI value was for P. juliflora (14) at the reference site. Correlation coefficient and linear regression analyses determined that the correlation between the ascorbic acid content and APTI is positive and significantly strong. Our findings indicate that urban green planning in Riyadh should include growing F. altissima on roadsides as well as in heavy industrial locations followed by Z. spina-christi and A. lebbeck according to their API and APTI performances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Majed D Alotaibi
- Life Science and Environmental Research Institute, King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology, P.O. Box: 6086, Riyadh, 11442, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Badr H Alharbi
- Life Science and Environmental Research Institute, King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology, P.O. Box: 6086, Riyadh, 11442, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed A Al-Shamsi
- Life Science and Environmental Research Institute, King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology, P.O. Box: 6086, Riyadh, 11442, Saudi Arabia
| | - Thobayet S Alshahrani
- Plant Production Department, College of Food and Agricultural Sciences, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2460, Riyadh, 14451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ali A Al-Namazi
- Life Science and Environmental Research Institute, King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology, P.O. Box: 6086, Riyadh, 11442, Saudi Arabia
| | - Saif F Alharbi
- Life Science and Environmental Research Institute, King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology, P.O. Box: 6086, Riyadh, 11442, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fahad S Alotaibi
- Life Science and Environmental Research Institute, King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology, P.O. Box: 6086, Riyadh, 11442, Saudi Arabia
| | - Yaling Qian
- Department of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Colorado State Univ., Fort Collins, CO, 80523, USA
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Öztürk Çalı İ, Karavin N. Influence of auto‐exhaust pollution on trichome micromorphology of
Olea europea
L. leaves. Microsc Res Tech 2020; 83:558-561. [DOI: 10.1002/jemt.23445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2019] [Revised: 12/30/2019] [Accepted: 01/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- İlkay Öztürk Çalı
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Arts and ScienceAmasya University Amasya Turkey
| | - Neslihan Karavin
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Arts and ScienceAmasya University Amasya Turkey
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El-Khatib AA, Youssef NA, Barakat NA, Samir NA. Responses of Eucalyptus globulus and Ficus nitida to different potential of heavy metal air pollution. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOREMEDIATION 2020; 22:986-999. [PMID: 32037853 DOI: 10.1080/15226514.2020.1719031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The present study aimed to explore the tolerance potential of Cd, Pb and Cu and physiological alterations in two common tree species growing in Minia governorate (Egypt) namely: Eucalyptus globulus and Ficus nitida and to investigate the leaf features [leaf area (LA) and specific leaf area (SLA)] associated with the phytoremediation process. The findings may be useful for future surveillance as preliminary reference values for levels of heavy metals in urban and industrial settings. The levels of cadmium, lead and Cupper in plant leaf were determined. The results showed that heavy metals could inhibit the growth of plants including LA and SLA. The water content (WC) and photosynthetic pigments of Eucalyptus and Ficus decreased with the increased concentration of metals. Contrary to chlorophylls (a) and (b), carotenoids and chlorophyll ratio (a/b) showed a significant increase with increasing metals concentration especially that of Cd and Cu. Proline content was relatively increased and soluble carbohydrate content decreased in plants with high metal accumulation. Eucalyptus showed better tolerance capacity for Cd, Pb and Cu when compared to Ficus. The ability of Eucalyptus to accumulate and tolerate metal stress makes this species a good candidate to recuperate heavy metals-contaminated conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- A A El-Khatib
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Sohag University, Sohag, Egypt
| | - N A Youssef
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Sohag University, Sohag, Egypt
| | - N A Barakat
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, Minia University, Minia, Egypt
| | - N A Samir
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, Minia University, Minia, Egypt
- John H. Daniels Faculty of Architecture, Forestry Department, Forests and Environmental Change Lab, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
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Fly-Ash Pollution Modulates Growth, Biochemical Attributes, Antioxidant Activity and Gene Expression in Pithecellobium Dulce (Roxb) Benth. PLANTS 2019; 8:plants8120528. [PMID: 31757084 PMCID: PMC6963547 DOI: 10.3390/plants8120528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2019] [Revised: 11/05/2019] [Accepted: 11/06/2019] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
This study investigates the effect of fly ash (FA) on the Pithecellobium dulce (Roxb) Benth. trees growing at three different locations. FA stress caused significant changes in different leaf attributes like sugar, protein contents, photosynthetic pigments, nitrate content and nitrate reductase activity in foliar tissues of plants growing at a highly contaminated site, as compared to a low-pollution site. Lower rates of stomatal conductance (SC) were observed in P. dulce leaves under fly ash stress conditions that drastically reduced net photosynthetic rate (PN); however, intercellular carbon dioxide concentration and stomatal index (SI) showed an increase under the same stress conditions. On the other hand, significant increase was also observed in the proline, sulphur and nitrogen contents. A significant increase in oxidative stress and, consequently, in antioxidant enzymes such as ascorbate peroxidase (APX), catalase (CAT), peroxidase (POD), and superoxidase dismutase (SOD) and Air pollution tolerance index were discovered at three different sites. The transcriptional expression of antioxidant and stress responsive genes was higher at HPS as compared to two other two sites of the study. Taken together the results demonstrated that the P. dulce is best suited as a fly ash stress tolerant plant species with the potential to provide an alternative for the reclamation of fly ash affected soils.
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Sharma B, Bhardwaj SK, Sharma S, Nautiyal R, Kaur L, Alam NM. Pollution tolerance assessment of temperate woody vegetation growing along the National Highway-5 in Himachal Pradesh, India. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2019; 191:177. [PMID: 30793215 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-019-7310-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2018] [Accepted: 02/11/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Industrialization and globalization have resulted in pollution of all the three ecosystems, including soil, water, and air. Among these, air pollution has generated much interest, since it has a major influence on the transboundary dispersion of pollutants globally. Air pollution tolerance index (APTI) value represents tolerance level of plants which help in selecting the most suitable plant species for plantation in/around affected areas. This parameter in conjunction with Anticipated Performance Index (API) can provide a logical solution for green belt development by considering biological and socio-economic aspect of the species and help in reducing the levels of pollutants. The present study was conducted in Himachal Pradesh, constituting a very vital part of the Indian Himalayan Region. In the present study, APTI and API values of six commonly growing temperate and sub-temperate plant species viz., Quercus leucotrichophora, Rubus ellipticus, Debregeasia saeneb, Hypericum oblongifolium, Punica granatum, and Grevillea robusta, were evaluated along the National Highway-5 in Himachal Pradesh. The highest value of APTI was observed for Grevillea robusta (12.89), followed by Punica granatum (10.87), Debregeasia saeneb (10.50), Hypericum oblongifolium (10.43), Rubus ellipticus (10.18), and Quercus leucotrichophora (9.68). Upon assessment of API, it was observed that Grevillea robusta (62.50%) was the highest scoring plant species in trees, while Rubus ellipticus and Debregeasia saeneb were the highest scoring shrub species (56.25% each) and thus can be recommended for green belt development and attenuation of air pollution in the region. Punica granatum can be suggested for plantation among the native species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhavika Sharma
- Department of Environment and Climate Change, Chandigarh, Haryana, India.
| | - Satish Kumar Bhardwaj
- Dr. Y.S. Parmar University of Horticulture and Forestry, Nauni, Solan, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Sandeep Sharma
- Himalayan Forest Research Institute, Panthaghati, Shimla, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Raman Nautiyal
- Indian Council of Forestry Research and Education (ICFRE), Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Lakhvinder Kaur
- Department of Environment Studies, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
| | - N M Alam
- ICAR-Central Research Institute for Jute and Allied Fibres, Barrackpore, India
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Effects of Nitrogen Dioxide on Biochemical Responses in 41 Garden Plants. PLANTS 2019; 8:plants8020045. [PMID: 30781496 PMCID: PMC6409717 DOI: 10.3390/plants8020045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2018] [Revised: 02/04/2019] [Accepted: 02/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Nitrogen dioxide (NO2) at a high concentration is among the most common and harmful air pollutants. The present study aimed to explore the physiological responses of plants exposed to NO2. A total of 41 plants were classified into 13 functional groups according to the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group classification system. The plants were exposed to 6 μL/L NO2 in an open-top glass chamber. The physiological parameters (chlorophyll (Chl) content, peroxidase (POD) activity, and soluble protein and malondialdehyde (MDA) concentrations) and leaf mineral ion contents (nitrogen (N+), phosphorus (P+), potassium (K+), calcium (Ca2+), magnesium (Mg2+), manganese (Mn2+), and zinc (Zn2+)) of 41 garden plants were measured. After NO2 exposure, the plants were subsequently transferred to a natural environment for a 30-d recovery to determine whether they could recover naturally and resume normal growth. The results showed that NO2 polluted the plants and that NO2 exposure affected leaf Chl contents in most functional groups. Increases in both POD activity and soluble protein and MDA concentrations as well as changes in mineral ion concentrations could act as signals for inducing defense responses. Furthermore, antioxidant status played an important role in plant protection against NO2-induced oxidative damage. NO2 poses a pollution risk to plant systems, and antioxidant status plays an important role in plant protection against NO2-induced oxidative damage. In conditions of strong air pollution, more evergreen plants may be considered in landscape design, particularly in seasonal regions. The results of this study may provide useful data for the selection of landscaping plants in NO2 polluted areas.
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20
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Rai PK. Particulate matter tolerance of plants (APTI and API) in a biodiversity hotspot located in a tropical region: Implications for eco-control. PARTICULATE SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/02726351.2018.1527800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Prabhat Kumar Rai
- Phyto-technologies lab, Department of Environmental Science, School of Earth Sciences and Natural Resources Management, Mizoram University, Aizawl, Mizoram, India
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21
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Areington CA, Varghese B. The utility of biochemical, physiological and morphological biomarkers of leaf sulfate levels in establishing Brachylaena discolor leaves as a bioindicator of SO 2 pollution. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2017; 118:295-305. [PMID: 28672270 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2017.06.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2017] [Revised: 06/19/2017] [Accepted: 06/20/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The negative impacts of air pollution have made monitoring of air quality increasingly important, especially in heavily industrialized areas such as the South Durban Basin (SDB), in South Africa. Bioindicators such as trees can complement conventional air quality monitoring and be used to prioritise vulnerable areas. This study assessed the utility of Brachylaena discolor DC. tree leaves as a bioindicator of sulfur dioxide pollution. This involved correlating ground level sulfur dioxide concentrations ([SO2]) with B. discolor leaf sulfate concentrations ([sulfate]) at three industrial (treatment) sites within the SBD and control site at which [SO2] was significantly lower for all four seasons. Based on this significant positive correlation between the aforementioned (p = 0.005; ρ = 0.667) leaf sulfate levels were related to various biochemical (intracellular hydrogen peroxide production, total aqueous [TAA] and enzymic antioxidants [superoxide dismutase and catalase], lipid peroxidation [LPO] and electrolyte leakage), physiological (leaf chlorophyll fluorescence [LCF] and relative chlorophyll content) and morphological (leaf area [LA]) biomarkers of stress measured on leaves from trees at the treatment and control sites. Annual [SO2] and leaf [sulfate] at the treatments were significantly (p < 0.05) higher than the control and high by global standards. TAA, LPO, electrolyte leakage, LCF, and LA were significantly (p < 0.05) correlated with seasonal [sulfate]. Except for superoxide dismutase, catalase and relative chlorophyll content all other biomarkers could differentiate between the treatment sites and the control. However, TAA, electrolyte leakage and LA were the only biomarkers sensitive enough to reflect differences in annual [sulfate] across the treatment sites; these should be used to establish B. discolor leaves as a bioindicator of SO2 pollution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Candyce Ann Areington
- School of Life Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, South Ring Road, Westville Campus, Durban 4001, South Africa
| | - Boby Varghese
- School of Life Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, South Ring Road, Westville Campus, Durban 4001, South Africa
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22
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Rai PK. Impacts of particulate matter pollution on plants: Implications for environmental biomonitoring. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2016; 129:120-36. [PMID: 27011112 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2016.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 132] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2015] [Revised: 03/06/2016] [Accepted: 03/07/2016] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Air pollution is one of the serious problems world is facing in recent Anthropocene era of rapid industrialization and urbanization. Specifically particulate matter (PM) pollution represents a threat to both the environment and human health. The changed ambient environment due to the PM pollutant in urban areas has exerted a profound influence on the morphological, biochemical and physiological status of plants and its responses. Taking into account the characteristics of the vegetation (wide distribution, greater contact area etc.) it turns out to be an effective indicator of the overall impact of PM pollution and harmful effects of PM pollution on vegetation have been reviewed in the present paper, covering an extensive span of 1960 to March 2016. The present review critically describes the impact of PM pollution and its constituents (e.g. heavy metals and poly-aromatic hydrocarbons) on the morphological attributes such as leaf area, leaf number, stomata structure, flowering, growth and reproduction as well as biochemical parameters such as pigment content, enzymes, ascorbic acid, protein, sugar and physiological aspect such as pH and Relative water content. Further, the paper provides a brief overview on the impact of PM on biodiversity and climate change. Moreover, the review emphasizes the genotoxic impacts of PM on plants. Finally, on the basis of such studies tolerant plants as potent biomonitors with high Air Pollution Tolerance Index (APTI) and Air Pollution Index (API) can be screened and may be recommended for green belt development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prabhat Kumar Rai
- Department of Environmental Science, Mizoram University, Tanhril, Aizawl 796004, Mizoram, India.
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23
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Rai PK. Biodiversity of roadside plants and their response to air pollution in an Indo-Burma hotspot region: implications for urban ecosystem restoration. JOURNAL OF ASIA-PACIFIC BIODIVERSITY 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.japb.2015.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
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24
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Obersteiner A, Gilles S, Frank U, Beck I, Häring F, Ernst D, Rothballer M, Hartmann A, Traidl-Hoffmann C, Schmid M. Pollen-Associated Microbiome Correlates with Pollution Parameters and the Allergenicity of Pollen. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0149545. [PMID: 26910418 PMCID: PMC4765992 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0149545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2015] [Accepted: 02/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Pollen allergies have been rapidly increasing over the last decades. Many allergenic proteins and non-allergenic adjuvant compounds of pollen are involved in the plant defense against environmental or microbial stress. The first aim of this study was to analyze and compare the colonizing microbes on allergenic pollen. The second aim was to investigate detectable correlations between pollen microbiota and parameters of air pollution or pollen allergenicity. To reach these aims, bacterial and fungal DNA was isolated from pollen samples of timothy grass (Phleum pratense, n = 20) and birch trees (Betula pendula, n = 55). With this isolated DNA, a terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis was performed. One result was that the microbial diversity on birch tree and timothy grass pollen samples (Shannon/Simpson diversity indices) was partly significantly correlated to allergenicity parameters (Bet v 1/Phl p 5, pollen-associated lipid mediators). Furthermore, the microbial diversity on birch pollen samples was correlated to on-site air pollution (nitrogen dioxide (NO2), ammonia (NH3), and ozone (O3)). What is more, a significant negative correlation was observed between the microbial diversity on birch pollen and the measured NO2 concentrations on the corresponding trees. Our results showed that the microbial composition of pollen was correlated to environmental exposure parameters alongside with a differential expression of allergen and pollen-associated lipid mediators. This might translate into altered allergenicity of pollen due to environmental and microbial stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Obersteiner
- Research Unit Microbe-Plant Interactions, Helmholtz Zentrum München—German Research Centre for Environmental Health (GmbH), Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Stefanie Gilles
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, UNIKA-T, Technische Universität München, Augsburg, Germany
- CK Care, Christine-Kühne-Center for Allergy Research and Education, Davos, Switzerland
| | - Ulrike Frank
- Institute of Biochemical Plant Pathology, Helmholtz Zentrum München–German Research Centre for Environmental Health (GmbH), Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Isabelle Beck
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, UNIKA-T, Technische Universität München, Augsburg, Germany
| | - Franziska Häring
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, UNIKA-T, Technische Universität München, Augsburg, Germany
| | - Dietrich Ernst
- Institute of Biochemical Plant Pathology, Helmholtz Zentrum München–German Research Centre for Environmental Health (GmbH), Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Michael Rothballer
- Research Unit Microbe-Plant Interactions, Helmholtz Zentrum München—German Research Centre for Environmental Health (GmbH), Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Anton Hartmann
- Research Unit Microbe-Plant Interactions, Helmholtz Zentrum München—German Research Centre for Environmental Health (GmbH), Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Claudia Traidl-Hoffmann
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, UNIKA-T, Technische Universität München, Augsburg, Germany
- CK Care, Christine-Kühne-Center for Allergy Research and Education, Davos, Switzerland
| | - Michael Schmid
- Research Unit Microbe-Plant Interactions, Helmholtz Zentrum München—German Research Centre for Environmental Health (GmbH), Neuherberg, Germany
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Skinder BM, Sheikh AQ, Pandit AK, Ganai BA, Kuchy AH. Effect of brick kiln emissions on commonly used vegetables of Kashmir Valley. Food Sci Nutr 2016; 3:604-11. [PMID: 26788302 PMCID: PMC4708652 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2015] [Revised: 05/08/2015] [Accepted: 05/12/2015] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
To study the impact of brick kiln emissions on plant growth and productivity, a study was conducted on various biochemical parameters of three main vegetables Brassica oleracea L., Phaseolus vulgaris L., and Solanum melongena L. cultivated in the vicinity of the brick kiln area of the Panzan village of district Budgam (J&K). Plants in the vicinity of brick kilns are direct recipients of emissions and therefore important materials for assessing potential effects of kiln pollutants. The biochemical values of all the three vegetables of the brick kiln site when compared to the control site are significantly (P ≤ 0.05) different. The findings of the present work depict that the brick kilns are the prime reason for the deterioration of important consumable vegetables, which could lead to chaos in the food security of the area in concern besides a threat to local people in terms of health if proper pollution control devices or the replacement of brick kilns are not put in place with new technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhat M Skinder
- Centre of Research for Development/Department of Environmental Science University of Kashmir Srinagar India
| | - Afeefa Q Sheikh
- Centre of Research for Development/Department of Environmental Science University of Kashmir Srinagar India
| | - Ashok K Pandit
- Centre of Research for Development/Department of Environmental Science University of Kashmir Srinagar India
| | - Bashir A Ganai
- Centre of Research for Development/Department of Environmental Science University of Kashmir Srinagar India
| | - Aashiq H Kuchy
- Centre of Research for Development/Department of Environmental Science University of Kashmir Srinagar India
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26
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Gupta GP, Singh S, Kumar B, Kulshrestha UC. Industrial dust sulphate and its effects on biochemical and morphological characteristics of Morus (Morus alba) plant in NCR Delhi. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2015; 187:67. [PMID: 25647798 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-015-4301-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2014] [Accepted: 01/13/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Abundance of CaCO3 rich soil dust is a typical feature of atmospheric environment in the Indian region. During prevailing dry weather conditions, dustfall is deposited onto the foliar surfaces of plant affecting their morphology, stomata and the levels of biochemical constituents. This study reports the chemical characteristics of dustfall, its effect on foliar morphology and biochemical constituents of a medicinal plant (Morus alba) at two sites which are differentiated on the basis of landuse pattern, viz., (i) residential, Jawaharlal Nehru University (JNU), and (ii) industrial, Sahibabad (SB), located in the National Capital Region (NCR) of Delhi. Dustfall was characterized for major anions (F(-), Cl(-), NO3 (-) and SO4 (--)) and cations (Na(+), NH4 (+), K(+), Mg(++) and Ca(++)). Biochemical parameters such as chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, total chlorophyll, carotenoid, proline and ascorbic acid were determined in foliar samples. The results showed that the dustfall fluxes of all the major ions were found to be higher at the industrial site (SB) as compared to the residential site (JNU). Foliar analysis revealed that the levels of biochemical parameters were more affected at SB site due to higher levels of dust SO4 (--) contributed by various anthropogenic sources resulting in more stressful conditions affecting the biochemistry of the plant. The possible entry pathways for dust SO4 (--) into foliar cells are also discussed in the paper. It was noticed that the deposition of urban dust was responsible for the damage of trichome, epidermis, cuticle and stomatal guard cells significantly affecting foliar morphology. SB exhibited more damage to these morphological parts suggesting that industrial dust is harmful to the plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gyan Prakash Gupta
- School of Environmental Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, Delhi, 110067, India
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Singh AA, Singh S, Agrawal M, Agrawal SB. Assessment of ethylene diurea-induced protection in plants against ozone phytotoxicity. REVIEWS OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2015; 233:129-184. [PMID: 25367135 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-10479-9_4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Urbanization, industrialization and unsustainable utilization of natural resources have made tropospheric ozone (03) one of the world's most significant air pollutants. Past studies reveal that 0 3 is a phytotoxic air pollutant that causes or enhances food insecurity across the globe. Plant sensitivity, tolerance and resistance to 0 3 involve a wide array of responses that range from growth to the physiological, biochemical and molecular. Although plants have an array of defense systems to combat oxidative stress from 0 3 exposure, they still suffer sizable yield reductions. In recent years, the ground-level 0 3 concentrations to which crop plants have been exposed have caused yield loses that are economically damaging. Several types of chemicals have been applied or used to mitigate the effects produced by 0 3 on plants. These include agrochemicals (fungicides, insecticides, plant growth regulators), natural antioxidants, and others. Such treatments have been effective to one degree to another, in ameliorating Or generated stress in plants. Ethylene diurea (EDU) has been the most effective protectant used and has also served as a monitoring agent for assessing plant yield losses from 0 3 exposure. In this review, we summarize the data on how EDU has been used, the treatment methods tested, and application doses found to be both protective and toxic in plants. We have also summarized data that address the nature and modes of action (biophysical and biochemical) of EDU. In general, the literature discloses that EDU is effective in reducing ozone damage to plants, and indicates that EDU should be more widely used on 0 3 sensitive plants as a tool for biomonitoring of 0 3 concentrations. Biomonitoring studies that utilize EDU are very useful for rural and remote areas and in developing countries where 0 3 monitoring is constrained from unavailability of electricity. The mechanism(s) by which EDU prevents 0 3 toxicity in plants is still not completely known. EDU possesses great utility for screening plant sensitivity under field conditions in areas that experience high 0 3 concentrations, because EDU prevents 0 3 toxicity only in 0 3 sensitive plants. Ozone-resistant plants do not respond positively to EDU applications. However, EDU application dose and frequency must be standardized before it can be effectively and widely used for screening 0 3 sensitivity in plants. EDU acts primarily by enhancing biochemical plant defense and delaying Or induced senescence, thereby reducing chlorophyll loss, and maintaining physiological efficiency and primary metabolites; these actions enhance growth, biomass and yield of plants. We believe that future studies are needed to better address the EDU dose response relationship for many plant species, and to screen for new cultivars that can resist 0 3 stress. Although some research on the physiological and biochemical mechanisms of action of EDU have been performed, the new 'omics' tools have not been utilized to evaluate EDUs mechanism of action. Such data are needed, as is gene expression and proteome profiling studies on EDU-treated and -untreated plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aditya Abha Singh
- Lab of Air Pollution and Global Climate Change, Ecology Research Circle, Department of Botany, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, India
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Kumari S, Agrawal M. Growth, yield and quality attributes of a tropical potato variety (Solanum tuberosum L. cv Kufri chandramukhi) under ambient and elevated carbon dioxide and ozone and their interactions. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2014; 101:146-156. [PMID: 24507140 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2013.12.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2013] [Revised: 12/16/2013] [Accepted: 12/20/2013] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The present study was designed to study the growth and yield responses of a tropical potato variety (Solanum tuberosum L. cv. Kufri chandramukhi) to different levels of carbon dioxide (382 and 570ppm) and ozone (50 and 70ppb) in combinations using open top chambers (OTCs). Plants were exposed to three ozone levels in combination with ambient CO2 and two ozone levels at elevated CO2. Significant increments in leaf area and total biomass were observed under elevated CO2 in combination with ambient O3 (ECO2+AO3) and elevated O3 (ECO2+EO3), compared to the plants grown under ambient concentrations (ACO2+AO3). Yield measured as fresh weight of potato also increased significantly under ECO2+AO3 and ECO2+EO3. Yield, however, reduced under ambient (ACO2+AO3) and elevated ozone (ACO2+EO3) compared to ACO2 (filtered chamber). Number, fresh and dry weights of tubers of size 35-50mm and>50mm used for direct consumption and industrial purposes, respectively increased maximally under ECO2+AO3. Ambient as well as elevated levels of O3 negatively affected the growth parameters and yield mainly due to reductions in number and weight of tubers of sizes >35mm. The quality of potato tubers was also modified under different treatments. Starch content increased and K, Zn and Fe concentrations decreased under ECO2+AO3 and ECO2+EO3 compared to ACO2+AO3. Starch content reduced under ACO2+AO3 and ACO2+EO3 treatments compared to ACO2. These results clearly suggest that elevated CO2 has provided complete protection to ambient O3 as the potato yield was higher under ECO2+AO3 compared to ACO2. However, ambient CO2 is not enough to protect the plants under ambient O3 levels. Elevated CO2 also provided protection against elevated O3 by improving the yield. Quality of tubers is modified by both CO2 and O3, which have serious implications on human health at present and in future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumita Kumari
- Laboratory of Air Pollution and Global Climate Change, Department of Botany, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India
| | - Madhoolika Agrawal
- Laboratory of Air Pollution and Global Climate Change, Department of Botany, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India.
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Rai R, Agrawal M. Assessment of competitive ability of two Indian wheat cultivars under ambient O3 at different developmental stages. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2014; 21:1039-1053. [PMID: 23868725 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-013-1981-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2013] [Accepted: 07/02/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
The concentrations of O3 are increasing, which may have potential adverse effects on crop yield. This paper deals with assessing the intraspecific variability of two wheat cultivars (PBW 343 and M 533) at different growth stages using open top chambers. Mean O3 concentrations were 50.2 and 53.2 ppb, and AOT40 values were 9 and 12.1 ppm h, respectively, in 2008-2009 and 2009-2010. Reproductive stage showed higher AOT40 values (6.9 and 9.2 ppm h) compared to vegetative (2.23 and 2.9 ppm h). Critical levels of a 3-month AOT 40 of 3 ppm h led to 6% yield reduction in two wheat cultivars for two consecutive years. Variations in photosynthesis rate, stomatal conductance (gs), Fv/Fm ratio, photosynthetic pigments, primary and secondary metabolites, morphological parameters, and yield attributes were measured at vegetative and reproductive stages. Reductions in number of leaves, leaf area, total biomass, root/shoot ratio, RGR, photosynthetic pigments, protein content, and Fv/Fm ratio in PBW 343 were more than M 533 at reproductive stage. Photosynthetic rate did not vary between the cultivars, but gs was higher in PBW 343 compared to M 533 under ambient O3. Higher total phenolics and peroxidase activity were recorded in M 533 at reproductive stage conferring higher resistance at latter age. Results of O3 resistance showed that M 533 was sensitive compared to PBW 343 during vegetative stage but developed more resistance at reproductive stage. PBW 343 with larger leaf area and high gs is more sensitive than M 533 with smaller leaf area and low gs. The study suggests that the sensitivity varied with plant growth stage, and the plant showing higher sensitivity during vegetative period developed more resistance during reproductive period due to higher defense mechanism. Though the yield reductions were same in both cultivars under ambient O3, the mechanism of acquiring the resistance is different between the cultivars.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richa Rai
- Laboratory of Air Pollution and Global Climate Change, Department of Botany, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, India
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Kapoor CS, Bamniya BR, Kapoor K. Efficient control of air pollution through plants, a cost-effective alternative: studies on Dalbergia sissoo Roxb. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2013; 185:7565-7580. [PMID: 23423551 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-013-3119-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2012] [Accepted: 01/30/2013] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Plants can be used as both passive biomonitors and biomitigators in urban and industrial environments to indicate the environmental quality and to ameliorate pollution level in a locality. Many studies reveal that plants are negatively affected by the ambient levels of air pollutants. The present study was conducted to evaluate the impact of air pollution on comparative basis with reference to changes in photosynthetic pigments, plant height, leaves, as well as, biochemical parameters of plants of different sites around Udaipur city receiving varying levels of pollution load. The investigated tree species Dalbergia sissoo Roxb. (Family: Fabaceae) exhibited a reduction in various physiological and biochemical growth parameters that correspond with air pollution levels at different sites. The tree species growing in polluted and control areas were compared with respect to foliar dust load, leaf area, and chlorophyll and total carbohydrate and total protein concentration in the leaves. Our studies suggest that D. sissoo Roxb. can successfully be grown in an area for monitoring air pollution, where it is mild and droughts are common. It will prove as an ideal tree species to control pollution effectively beside acting as a shade tree and being a source of food for birds and animals. By plantation of D. sissoo Roxb., mitigative measure at the polluted sites to control generation of particulate matter and the air quality required can be ensured. Our results also confirm that industrial and vehicular air pollution level in Udaipur city is shifting beyond limits.
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Affiliation(s)
- C S Kapoor
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Mohan Lal Sukhadia University, Udaipur, 313001 Rajasthan, India.
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Kumari S, Agrawal M, Tiwari S. Impact of elevated CO2 and elevated O3 on Beta vulgaris L.: pigments, metabolites, antioxidants, growth and yield. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2013; 174:279-288. [PMID: 23291007 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2012.11.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2012] [Revised: 11/05/2012] [Accepted: 11/10/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The present study was conducted to assess morphological, biochemical and yield responses of palak (Beta vulgaris L. cv Allgreen) to ambient and elevated levels of CO(2) and O(3), alone and in combination. As compared to the plants grown in charcoal filtered air (ACO(2)), growth and yield of the plants increased under elevated CO(2) (ECO(2)) and decreased under combination of ECO(2) with elevated O(3) (ECO(2) + EO(3)), ambient O(3) (ACO(2) + AO(3)) and elevated O(3) (EO(3)). Lipid peroxidation, ascorbic acid, catalase and glutathione reductase activities enhanced under all treatments and were highest in EO(3.) Foliar starch and organic carbon contents increased under ECO(2) and ECO(2) + EO(3) and reduced under EO(3) and ACO(2) + AO(3.) Foliar N content declined in all treatments compared to ACO(2) resulting in alteration of C/N ratio. This study concludes that ambient level of CO(2) is not enough to counteract O(3) impact, but elevated CO(2) has potential to counteract the negative effects of future O(3) level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumita Kumari
- Laboratory of Air Pollution and Global Climate Change, Department of Botany, Ecology Research Circle, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India
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Singh P, Singh S, Agrawal SB, Agrawal M. Assessment of the interactive effects of ambient O₃ and NPK levels on two tropical mustard varieties (Brassica campestris L.) using open-top chambers. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2012; 184:5863-5874. [PMID: 22072445 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-011-2386-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2011] [Accepted: 10/03/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Rising O(3) concentrations in agricultural areas have been identified as a significant threat to crop production in Asia including India. The present work reports the results of a field study conducted to assess the usefulness of higher than recommended NPK dose in modifying the physiological, growth, yield, and seed quality responses of two mustard (Brassica campestris L. var. Vardan and Aashirwad) varieties under ambient ozone level at a rural site of India, using open-top chambers. Twelve hourly mean O(3) concentrations ranged between 27.7 and 59.04 ppb during the growth period. Plants in nonfiltered chambers (NFCs) showed reductions in photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance, and growth parameters compared to the plants in filtered chambers (FCs), but reductions were of lower magnitude at 1.5 times recommended dose of NPK (1.5 RNPK) compared to recommended (RNPK). Yield and seed quality reduced significantly in plants of NFCs compared to FCs at RNPK, but no significant differences were recorded at 1.5 RNPK. There were higher N uptake and N uptake efficiency of plants in FCs compared to NFCs. Nitrogen utilization efficiency increased in Vardan, but decreased in Aashirwad in NFCs compared to FCs suggesting higher capability of N acquisition and utilization under ambient O(3), which led to a less pronounced reduction in the yield of the former than the latter variety. The differential nitrogen utilization efficiency in these varieties may be potentially used as measure of sensitivity characteristics in breeding programs for yield improvement in mustard under the present trend of increase in O(3) concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Poonam Singh
- Laboratory of Air Pollution and Global Climate Change, Department of Botany, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India
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Wuytack T, Wuyts K, Van Dongen S, Baeten L, Kardel F, Verheyen K, Samson R. The effect of air pollution and other environmental stressors on leaf fluctuating asymmetry and specific leaf area of Salix alba L. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2011; 159:2405-2411. [PMID: 21749937 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2011.06.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2010] [Revised: 06/15/2011] [Accepted: 06/25/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
We aimed at evaluating the effect of low-level air pollution on leaf area fluctuating asymmetry (FAA) and specific leaf area (SLA) of Salix alba L., taking into account other environmental factors. Cuttings were grown in standardized conditions in the near vicinity of air quality measuring stations in Belgium. Variability of SLA and FAA between measuring stations explained 83% and 7.26%, respectively, of the total variability. FAA was not influenced by air pollution or environmental factors such as shading, herbivory, air temperature and humidity. SLA was increased by an increase in shadow, while NO(x) and O(3) concentrations had only a marginal influence. The influence of SO(2) concentration was negligible. Although our data analysis suggests a relationship between SLA and NO(x)/O(3) concentration, the absence of a straightforward relationship between FAA and SLA and air pollution still questions the usefulness of these bio-indicators for monitoring air pollution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatiana Wuytack
- Department of Bioscience Engineering, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, B-2020 Antwerp, Belgium.
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Li P, Wang X, Allinson G, Li X, Stagnitti F, Murray F, Xiong X. Effects of sulfur dioxide pollution on the translocation and accumulation of heavy metals in soybean grain. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2011; 18:1090-7. [PMID: 21318286 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-011-0454-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2010] [Accepted: 01/21/2011] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Open-top chambers were used to study the impact of simultaneous exposure to atmospheric SO(2) pollution and heavy metal contamination in soils on the metal contents and productivity of soybean plant. METHODS Plants were exposed at ambient levels as control SO(2) (1.2 ppb), low SO(2) (97 ppb), and high SO(2) (490 ppb) over the whole growing season while simultaneously being exposed to either Cd (0.5 mg kg(-1)), Pb (250 mg kg(-1)), Cu (100 mg kg(-1)), or Zn (150 mg kg(-1)) in soil. RESULTS This experimental study covering the whole growth season has shown that SO(2) has a synergistic effect in enhancing the heavy metal contents in aboveground tissues of soybean plant, and the effects of high SO(2) treatment were found to be highly significant, showing increases of 42% and 29% for Cu and Cd content of grain, respectively. CONCLUSION The research findings are of practical significance in the environmental control for the combined pollution of air and soil to ensure the quality of agricultural products and therefore benefits for human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peijun Li
- Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, China
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Singh S, Agrawal SB, Singh P, Agrawal M. Screening three cultivars of Vigna mungo L. against ozone by application of ethylenediurea (EDU). ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2010; 73:1765-1775. [PMID: 20537389 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2010.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2010] [Revised: 04/30/2010] [Accepted: 05/01/2010] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Three Indian black gram cultivars (Vigna mungo L. cv. Barkha, Shekhar and TU-94-2) were grown at a tropical suburban site in Varanasi, India to evaluate the varietal differences in response to ambient O(3) under field conditions using ethylenediurea (EDU). EDU (400 ppm) was given as soil drench at 10-day intervals during the growth period of the cultivars. O(3) monitoring data clearly showed high concentrations with a mean value ranging between 41.3 and 59.9 ppb. EDU treatment caused significant increases in various growth parameters and total biomass accumulation in Barkha and Shekhar. EDU caused retention of more biomass in leaves during vegetative period and translocated more photosynthates towards reproductive parts, which resulted into yield enhancement. Weight of seeds plant(-1) was higher by 36.4% and 35.6% in Barkha and Shekhar, respectively, treated with EDU compared to non-EDU-treated plants. However, TU-94-2 did not exhibit any significant difference in weight of seeds plant(-1). Starch, total sugar, amino acids and K contents increased in seeds of EDU-treated plants leading to improvement in quality response index (QRI) of seeds. EDU helped in identifying the cultivar susceptibility to O(3) stress and therefore is very useful as a monitoring tool to assess the impact of ambient O(3) on plants under natural field conditions particularly in areas experiencing moderate concentrations of O(3).
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Affiliation(s)
- Shalini Singh
- Lab of Air Pollution and Global Climate Change, Ecology Research Circle, Department of Botany, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi-221005, India
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Tiwari S, Agrawal M. Effectiveness of different EDU concentrations in ameliorating ozone stress in carrot plants. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2010; 73:1018-1027. [PMID: 20403638 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2010.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2010] [Revised: 03/18/2010] [Accepted: 03/30/2010] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Ethylenediurea (EDU) is suggested for use to evaluate plant response under ambient ozone (O(3)) concentrations. Four EDU treatments, viz. 0 (non-EDU), 150, 300 and 450 mg L(-1), applied as soil drench at 10 days interval to carrot (Daucus carota L. var. Pusa Kesar), grown at a tropical suburban site of Varanasi experiencing mean O(3) concentration of 36.1 ppb during the experimental period. EDU treated plants showed significantly higher antioxidative defense, assimilation capability and reduced membrane lipid peroxidation, which led to better growth and significant yield increments compared to non-EDU treated ones. The magnitude of positive responses was highest at 150 mg L(-1) EDU treatment at 60 DAG, representing the metabolically most active phase of root filling in carrot. This study suggests that the lowest EDU concentration was sufficient to provide protection against negative effects of O(3).
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Affiliation(s)
- Supriya Tiwari
- Department of Botany, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
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Sarkar A, Agrawal SB. Identification of ozone stress in Indian rice through foliar injury and differential protein profile. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2010; 161:205-215. [PMID: 19184480 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-008-0738-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2008] [Accepted: 12/23/2008] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The present study showed a possibility to use phenotypic and proteomic responses in rice plants as an in vivo biomarker to detect higher concentrations of ambient ozone (O(3)). The investigation was done on two cultivars of Indian rice using open top chambers ventilated with charcoal filtered air, ambient air, ambient air with 10 ppb O(3) exposure and ambient air with 20 ppb O(3) exposure at a rural site of Varanasi, India. Results showed that the magnitude of O(3) induced specific type of foliar injury directly depends on the duration and concentration of O(3) exposure. Even the internal protein profile of injured and normal leaf demonstrated a differential expression, which directly indicates towards the molecular basis of plant's response against O(3).
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhijit Sarkar
- Laboratory of Air Pollution and Global Climate Change, Ecology Research Circle, Department of Botany, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, India
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Singh S, Agrawal SB. Use of ethylene diurea (EDU) in assessing the impact of ozone on growth and productivity of five cultivars of Indian wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2009; 159:125-141. [PMID: 18998224 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-008-0617-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2008] [Accepted: 10/10/2008] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Increase in concentrations of tropospheric ozone (O(3)) is one of the main factors affecting world agriculture production. Tropical countries including India are at greater risk due to their meteorological conditions (high solar radiation and temperature) being conducive to the formation of O(3). The most effective anti-ozonant chemical is N-[2-(2-oxo-1-imidazolidinyl) ethyl]-N-phenylurea or ethylene diurea (EDU). Due to its specific characteristics, EDU has been used in the field as a phytomonitoring agent to assess crop losses due to O(3). Field experiments were conducted on five local cultivars of wheat (Triticum aestivum L. cv HUW234, HUW468, HUW510, PBW343, and Sonalika) grown under natural field conditions in a suburban area of Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India during December 2006 to March 2007 to determine the impact of O(3) on their growth and yield characteristics. Mean monthly O(3) concentrations varied between 35.3 ppb and 54.2 ppb at the experimental site. EDU treatment positively affected various growth and yield parameters with difference between cultivars. EDU-treated plants showed increase in shoot and root length, leaf area, absolute growth rate, relative growth rate, and net primary productivity, indicating O(3) induced suppression in growth. EDU treatment was highly significant in different cultivars for total biomass and test weight but not for harvest index. Yield per plant was higher by 25.6%, 24%, 20.4%, 8.6%, and 1.9% in EDU-treated cultivars HUW468, Sonalika, HUW510, HUW234, and PBW343, respectively, than non-EDU-treated ones. These results clearly indicate the sensitivity of all the wheat cultivars to ambient levels of O(3) with cv HUW468 appearing to be most sensitive. The present study also supports the view that EDU has great potential in alleviating the unfavorable effects of O(3) and can be effectively used as a monitoring tool to assess growth and yield losses in areas experiencing elevated concentrations of O(3).
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Affiliation(s)
- Shalini Singh
- Lab of Air Pollution and Global Climatic Change, Ecology Research Circle, Department of Botany, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, India
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Singh S, Agrawal SB, Agrawal M. Differential protection of ethylenediurea (EDU) against ambient ozone for five cultivars of tropical wheat. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2009; 157:2359-2367. [PMID: 19386404 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2009.03.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2008] [Revised: 03/16/2009] [Accepted: 03/19/2009] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The antiozonant EDU (ethylenediurea) was used to assess the impact of ambient O(3) under field conditions on five cultivars of tropical wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). EDU solution (0 ppm and 400 ppm) was applied as soil drench (100 ml plant(-1)) 10 days after germination (DAG) at an interval of 12 days. EDU-treated plants showed significant increments in stomatal conductance, photosynthetic rate, variable fluorescence, total chlorophyll, ascorbic acid, proline and protein contents and protective enzymes (POX, SOD and APX) activities in HUW468, HUW510 and HUW234 cultivars, while, a reverse trend was observed for lipid peroxidation. EDU application restored grain yield significantly by maintaining higher levels of antioxidants, metabolites and enzymes in cultivars HUW468 and HUW510. Sonalika and PBW343 showed least response of measured parameters under EDU treatment suggesting their greater resistance to O(3). EDU, thus proved its usefulness in screening suitable wheat cultivars for areas experiencing elevated concentrations of O(3).
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Affiliation(s)
- Shalini Singh
- Laboratory of Air Pollution and Global Climatic Change, Ecology Research Circle, Department of Botany, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India
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Tiwari S, Agrawal M. Protection of palak (Beta vulgaris L. var Allgreen) plants from ozone injury by ethylenediurea (EDU): roles of biochemical and physiological variations in alleviating the adverse impacts. CHEMOSPHERE 2009; 75:1492-1499. [PMID: 19286241 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2009.02.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2008] [Revised: 02/03/2009] [Accepted: 02/09/2009] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Ameliorative effects of ethylenediurea (N-[2-(2-oxo-1-imidazolinidyl) ethyl]-N' phenylurea, abbreviated as EDU) against ozone stress were studied on selected growth, biochemical, physiological and yield characteristics of palak (Beta vulgaris L. var Allgreen) plants grown in field at a suburban site of Varanasi, India. Mean eight hourly ozone concentration varied from 52 to 73 ppb which was found to produce adverse impacts on plant functioning and growth characteristics. The palak plants were treated with 300 ppm EDU at 10 days after germination at 10 days interval up to the plant maturity. Lipid peroxidation in EDU treated plants declined significantly as compared to non-EDU treated ones. Significant increment in F(v)/F(m) ratio in EDU treated plants as compared to non-EDU treated ones was recorded. EDU treated plants showed significant increment in ascorbic acid contents and reduction in peroxidase activity as compared to non-EDU treated ones. As a result of the protection provided by EDU against ozone induced stress on biochemical and physiological characteristics of palak, the morphological parameters also responded positively. Significant increments were recorded in shoot length, number of leaves plant(-1), leaf area and root and shoot biomass of EDU treated plants as compared to non-EDU treated ones. Contents of Na, K, Ca, Mg and Fe were higher in EDU treated plants as compared to non-EDU treated ones. The present investigation proves the usefulness of EDU in partially ameliorating ozone injury in ambient conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Supriya Tiwari
- Department of Botany, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221 005, India
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Singh P, Agrawal M, Agrawal SB. Evaluation of physiological, growth and yield responses of a tropical oil crop (Brassica campestris L. var. Kranti) under ambient ozone pollution at varying NPK levels. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2009; 157:871-880. [PMID: 19070410 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2008.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2008] [Revised: 11/01/2008] [Accepted: 11/05/2008] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
A field study was conducted to evaluate the impact of ambient ozone on mustard (Brassica campestris L. var. Kranti) plants grown under recommended and 1.5 times recommended NPK doses at a rural site of India using filtered (FCs) and non-filtered open top chambers (NFCs). Ambient mean O(3) concentration varied from 41.65 to 54.2ppb during the experiment. Plants growing in FCs showed higher photosynthetic rate at both NPK levels, but higher stomatal conductance only at recommended NPK. There were improvements in growth parameters and biomass of plants in FCs as compared to NFCs at both NPK levels with higher increments at 1.5 times recommended. Seed yield and harvest index decreased significantly only at recommended NPK in NFCs. Seed quality in terms of nutrients, protein and oil contents reduced in NFCs at recommended NPK. The application of 1.5 times recommended NPK provided protection against yield loss due to ambient O(3).
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Affiliation(s)
- Poonam Singh
- Laboratory of Air Pollution and Global Climate Change, Ecology Research Circle, Department of Botany, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India
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