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Viana IG, Blanco R, Nieto Ó, Molares A, Beiras R. Integrative assessment of ecological responses and chemical contamination of urban wastewater outfalls on soft bottom sediments of an estuarine system. MARINE ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2021; 163:105234. [PMID: 33310642 DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2020.105234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2020] [Revised: 11/19/2020] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Sewage outfalls are one of the main anthropogenic impacts to coastal systems. Linking the chemical analysis in sediment, and changes in the ecological responses is one of the main tasks in ecosystem assessment for the protection of the marine environment. A three-tiered approach to evaluate the impact of the sewage of a recently built and obsolete Urban Waste Water Treatment Plants (UWWTPs) was performed. The sewage from each UWWTP differentially affected surrounding sediments. Macrobenthic community changes were influenced by the chemical composition in the sediments but also by grain size and organic matter. Abundance of the different families of the macrobenthic communities were correlated with most of the chemicals analyzed. On the contrary, toxicity bioassays were correlated with Zn and PCB concentrations but not with environmental variables. The toxicity tests linked the effect of chemical contamination on macrobenthic communities. A joint assessment of both chemical concentrations and their ecological effects is recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inés G Viana
- Department of Ecology and Animal Biology, University of Vigo, 36310, Vigo, Galicia, Spain; ECIMAT-CIM, University of Vigo, Illa de Toralla S/n, 36331, Vigo, Galicia, Spain.
| | - Raimundo Blanco
- Department of Ecology and Animal Biology, University of Vigo, 36310, Vigo, Galicia, Spain; ECIMAT-CIM, University of Vigo, Illa de Toralla S/n, 36331, Vigo, Galicia, Spain
| | - Óscar Nieto
- Department of Analytical and Food Chemistry, University of Vigo, 36310, Vigo, Galicia, Spain
| | - Alberto Molares
- Department of Analytical and Food Chemistry, University of Vigo, 36310, Vigo, Galicia, Spain
| | - Ricardo Beiras
- Department of Ecology and Animal Biology, University of Vigo, 36310, Vigo, Galicia, Spain; ECIMAT-CIM, University of Vigo, Illa de Toralla S/n, 36331, Vigo, Galicia, Spain
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Briaudeau T, Zorita I, Cuevas N, Franco J, Marigómez I, Izagirre U. Multi-annual survey of health status disturbance in the Bilbao estuary (Bay of Biscay) based on sediment chemistry and juvenile sole (Solea spp.) histopathology. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2019; 145:126-137. [PMID: 31590768 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2019.05.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2019] [Revised: 05/13/2019] [Accepted: 05/15/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The Bilbao estuary (SE Bay of Biscay) is a recovering ecosystem whose sediments are still contaminated. They represent a potential risk for the biota including benthic and demersal species living in direct contact with the sediment. In this context, the present study aims to survey trends of the health status of the Bilbao estuary based on sediment chemistry and sole (Solea spp.) histopathology. Monitoring campaigns were carried out every autumn from 2011 to 2017 along the estuary. Contaminant levels were measured in sediments; liver, gills and gonads of juvenile fish were collected for histopathology. Overall, contaminant levels fluctuated throughout the years, with highest values recorded in the earlier years of the study period. Sole histopathology showed alterations of mild severity. Results permitted to assess the environmental health status of the Bilbao estuary during 7 years, although no clear temporal trend was detected. Longer-term monitoring programmes are necessary to confirm the ecosystem recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Briaudeau
- CBET Research Group, Dept. Zoology and Animal Cell Biology, Faculty of Science and Technology and Research Centre for Experimental Marine Biology and Biotechnology PIE, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Basque Country, Spain
| | - I Zorita
- AZTI, Herrera Kaia, Portualdea z/g, 20110 Pasaia, Spain
| | - N Cuevas
- AZTI, Herrera Kaia, Portualdea z/g, 20110 Pasaia, Spain
| | - J Franco
- AZTI, Herrera Kaia, Portualdea z/g, 20110 Pasaia, Spain
| | - I Marigómez
- CBET Research Group, Dept. Zoology and Animal Cell Biology, Faculty of Science and Technology and Research Centre for Experimental Marine Biology and Biotechnology PIE, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Basque Country, Spain.
| | - U Izagirre
- CBET Research Group, Dept. Zoology and Animal Cell Biology, Faculty of Science and Technology and Research Centre for Experimental Marine Biology and Biotechnology PIE, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Basque Country, Spain
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Garcia-Ordiales E, Roqueñí N, Rico JM, Cienfuegos P, Alvarez R, Ordoñez A. Assessment of the toxicity toward Vibrio fischeri in sediments of a mining impacted estuary in the north of Spain. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 660:826-833. [PMID: 30743968 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.01.086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2018] [Revised: 01/06/2019] [Accepted: 01/08/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
This study has been carried out on the Nalón estuary, a mining impacted estuarine contaminated by metals(oid), to evaluate how the metals(oids) concentrations in the sediments contributes to the toxicity and, therefore, supposes a potential risk for the biota. For this purpose, a total of 14 surface sediment samples were collected and analysed by different techniques. Estuary sediments showed a maximum high concentration of As (68.10 μg g-1), Hg (1.33 μg g-1) and Pb (189.60 μg g-1), exceeding the NOAA Effects Range Low. Likewise, these three elements were one of the most bioavailable in the sediments according to the toxicity characteristic leaching procedure performed, reaching average values of 14.28% for As, 12.81% for Hg and 9.23% for Pb. The bioavailable concentrations of As and Hg significantly correlated with toxicity (R > 0.92), suggesting that both were the main contributors to the toxicity of the sediments. Toxicity values detected (avg. 499 TU g-1) were similar to those showed by other sites considered contaminated in the Cantabrian coastline, confirming its status as a contaminated area. The location of the highest toxicity values in the estuary was restricted to the port areas where the fine sediments that act of sink of metals(oids) are mainly deposited. This result is very important if re-mobilization of sediments take place in these areas related to dredging or other human activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Efren Garcia-Ordiales
- ISYMA Research Group, Mining, Energy and Materials Engineering School, University of Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain.
| | - Nieves Roqueñí
- ISYMA Research Group, Mining, Energy and Materials Engineering School, University of Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain
| | - José Manuel Rico
- Department of Organisms and Systems Biology, University of Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Pablo Cienfuegos
- ISYMA Research Group, Mining, Energy and Materials Engineering School, University of Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Rodrigo Alvarez
- ISYMA Research Group, Mining, Energy and Materials Engineering School, University of Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Almudena Ordoñez
- ISYMA Research Group, Mining, Energy and Materials Engineering School, University of Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain
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Monaco D, Chianese E, Riccio A, Delgado-Sanchez A, Lacorte S. Spatial distribution of heavy hydrocarbons, PAHs and metals in polluted areas. The case of "Galicia", Spain. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2017; 121:230-237. [PMID: 28602310 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2017.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2017] [Accepted: 06/01/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this work is to verify the impact of anthropogenic activities and the effects of accidental events, e.g. oil spills, on the marine environment. For this reason, marine sediments and soil samples were collected in the inner part of Vigo and Pontevedra bays, in the Galicia region, northwest Spain, an area interested by many events of oil spills and also characterized by coastal areas with intense anthropic activities; also Cíes Islands, a natural protected area facing the Vigo bay, was investigated, as background site. PAHs, heavy hydrocarbons and metals were analyzed according to standard methods, in order to satisfy quality assurance and quality check constraints. Total PAHs concentration (Σ16 compounds) were in the range of 25-4000ng/g, and 30-800ng/g for marine sediments and soil samples, respectively. Even some samples from the Cíes Islands, show a contamination with values achieving >200ng/g of PAHs. Although contamination levels have been shown to be strong at several locations in the study area, their ranges are those typical of other estuarine sites, with PAHs and hydrocarbons primarily of pyrolytic origin. This observation was further confirmed by enrichment factors of some metals (Cd, Cu, Pb and Zn) that match to those of harbor and shipyard zones of the main industrial and commercial maritime areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Monaco
- Department of Sciences and Technologies, University of Naples Parthenope, Naples, Italy
| | - E Chianese
- Department of Sciences and Technologies, University of Naples Parthenope, Naples, Italy.
| | - A Riccio
- Department of Sciences and Technologies, University of Naples Parthenope, Naples, Italy
| | - A Delgado-Sanchez
- Department of Environmental Chemistry, IDAEA-CSIC, Jordi Girona, 18-26, 08034, Barcelona, Spain
| | - S Lacorte
- Department of Environmental Chemistry, IDAEA-CSIC, Jordi Girona, 18-26, 08034, Barcelona, Spain
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Borja Á, Chust G, Rodríguez JG, Bald J, Belzunce-Segarra MJ, Franco J, Garmendia JM, Larreta J, Menchaca I, Muxika I, Solaun O, Revilla M, Uriarte A, Valencia V, Zorita I. 'The past is the future of the present': Learning from long-time series of marine monitoring. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2016; 566-567:698-711. [PMID: 27239713 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.05.111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2016] [Revised: 05/16/2016] [Accepted: 05/16/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Using a long-term (1995-2014) monitoring network, from 51 sampling stations in estuaries and coasts of the Basque Country (Bay of Biscay), the objective of this investigation was to assess the responsiveness of 83 variables in water (18), sediments (27), biota (26), phytoplankton (2), macroinvertebrates (5) and fishes (5) to different human pressures and management actions. We used a total of 3247 series of data to analyse trends of improvement and worsening in quality. In a high percentage of the cases, the management actions taken have resulted in positive effects in the environment, as shown by the trend analysis in this investigation. Overall, much more trends of improvement than of worsening have been observed; this is true for almost all the media and biological components studied, with the exception of phytoplankton; and it applies as well to almost all the stations and water bodies, with the exception of those corresponding to areas with water treatment pending of accomplishment. In estuaries with decreasing human pressures during the period, the percentage of series showing quality improvement was higher (approx. 30%) than those showing worsening of quality (12%). Moreover, in those water bodies showing an increase of pressure, variables which can be considered indicators of anthropogenic effects showed negative trends (quality worsening). On the other hand, some of the variables analysed were more affected by natural variability than by changes in pressures. That was the case of silicate, nitrate and suspended solids, which followed trends correlated to salinity, which, in turn, was related to the rainfall regime during the study period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ángel Borja
- AZTI, Marine Research Division, Herrera Kaia Portualdea s/n, 20110 Pasaia, Spain.
| | - Guillem Chust
- AZTI, Marine Research Division, Herrera Kaia Portualdea s/n, 20110 Pasaia, Spain
| | - José G Rodríguez
- AZTI, Marine Research Division, Herrera Kaia Portualdea s/n, 20110 Pasaia, Spain
| | - Juan Bald
- AZTI, Marine Research Division, Herrera Kaia Portualdea s/n, 20110 Pasaia, Spain
| | | | - Javier Franco
- AZTI, Marine Research Division, Herrera Kaia Portualdea s/n, 20110 Pasaia, Spain
| | - Joxe Mikel Garmendia
- AZTI, Marine Research Division, Herrera Kaia Portualdea s/n, 20110 Pasaia, Spain
| | - Joana Larreta
- AZTI, Marine Research Division, Herrera Kaia Portualdea s/n, 20110 Pasaia, Spain
| | - Iratxe Menchaca
- AZTI, Marine Research Division, Herrera Kaia Portualdea s/n, 20110 Pasaia, Spain
| | - Iñigo Muxika
- AZTI, Marine Research Division, Herrera Kaia Portualdea s/n, 20110 Pasaia, Spain
| | - Oihana Solaun
- AZTI, Marine Research Division, Herrera Kaia Portualdea s/n, 20110 Pasaia, Spain
| | - Marta Revilla
- AZTI, Marine Research Division, Herrera Kaia Portualdea s/n, 20110 Pasaia, Spain
| | - Ainhize Uriarte
- AZTI, Marine Research Division, Herrera Kaia Portualdea s/n, 20110 Pasaia, Spain
| | - Victoriano Valencia
- AZTI, Marine Research Division, Herrera Kaia Portualdea s/n, 20110 Pasaia, Spain
| | - Izaskun Zorita
- AZTI, Marine Research Division, Herrera Kaia Portualdea s/n, 20110 Pasaia, Spain
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Zhuravel EV, Chernyaev AP, Sokolova LI, Chudovskaya YM, Proshina MA. Hydrocarbons and polychlorinated biphenyls in the bottom sediments from the Nakhodka Bay (Peter the Great Bay, Sea of Japan): Assessment of pollution level and potential toxicity. CONTEMP PROBL ECOL+ 2015. [DOI: 10.1134/s1995425515060177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Laranjeiro F, Pérez S, Navarro P, Carrero JA, Beiras R. The usefulness of a sediment bioassay with the gastropod Nassarius reticulatus in tributyltin monitoring programs. CHEMOSPHERE 2015; 139:550-557. [PMID: 26318117 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2015.07.076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2015] [Revised: 06/18/2015] [Accepted: 07/25/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Despite the use of tributyltin (TBT) had been banned worldwide in 2008 there is still evidence of its deleterious presence in environment. We evaluate the usefulness of a 28days sediment bioassay with Nassarius reticulatus females to monitor TBT pollution, using imposex as endpoint. In addition, butyltins were determined in sediments and tissues, and, whenever posible, imposex was assessed in native N. reticulatus at the same sites where sediments were sampled. In the bioassay, a significant increase in imposex parameters was obtained with three sediments (Vi2, Vi3, and Vi4). No correlation was found between this and TBT concentrations in sediment although good correlations were obtained for TBT in tissues, putting in evidence TBT bioavailability in sediment. A significant decrease in imposex from 2008 to 2013 in native snails was only observed at sites that did not cause any effect in the bioassay. In contrast, imposex levels in 2013 were kept as high as 2008 in one of the sites where a significant imposex increase in the bioassay was observed. The bioassay proves thus to be a practical and ecological relevant tool, as: (i) it can be conducted in sites with no native populations of snails, (ii) it provides early identification of polluted sites, anticipating future imposex levels or early identification of recovering, and (iii) it yields information on the bioavailable fraction of the TBT in the sediment. Therefore, this tool can be of extreme usefulness under the scope of recent European legislative frameworks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filipe Laranjeiro
- Biology Department & CESAM, University of Aveiro, Campus de Santiago, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal; ECIMAT-Universidade de Vigo, Illa de Toralla s/n, 36331 Coruxo-Vigo, Galicia, Spain.
| | - Sara Pérez
- ECIMAT-Universidade de Vigo, Illa de Toralla s/n, 36331 Coruxo-Vigo, Galicia, Spain
| | - Patricia Navarro
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), P.O. Box 644, E-48080 Bilbao, Basque Country, Spain
| | - José Antonio Carrero
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), P.O. Box 644, E-48080 Bilbao, Basque Country, Spain
| | - Ricardo Beiras
- ECIMAT-Universidade de Vigo, Illa de Toralla s/n, 36331 Coruxo-Vigo, Galicia, Spain
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Sukhdhane KS, Pandey PK, Vennila A, Purushothaman CS, Ajima MNO. Sources, distribution and risk assessment of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in the mangrove sediments of Thane Creek, Maharashtra, India. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2015; 187:274. [PMID: 25893756 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-015-4470-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2014] [Accepted: 03/23/2015] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
The sources, distribution and risk assessment of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) were investigated in the mangrove sediments of Trombay and Vashi, along the Thane Creek, Maharashtra, India, for a period of 6 months. The results showed that the concentration of Ʃ15 PAHs ranged from 902.58 to 1643.60 and from 930.69 to 1158.30 ng g(-1) in Trombay and Vashi, respectively. Trombay showed significantly higher PAH concentration (p < 0.05) than Vashi. The four carcinogenic PAHs, (benzo(b)fluorathene, benzo(k)fluorathene, Indeno(1,2,3-cd)pyrene and dibenz(a,h)anthracene) accounted for maximum concentration of the total PAHs. Specific PAH diagnostic indices and the molecular index indicated the presence of both pyrolytic and petrogenic sources with the predominance of pyrolytic origin. A positive correlation (r = 0.736, p < 0.05) existed between the benzo(k)fluorathene level and total PAHs, suggesting the use of this compound as a potential molecular marker for PAH pollution in mangrove sediment. Assessments of potential environmental risks associated with PAHs in this study revealed that the sediment was moderately polluted with high molecular weight PAHs. The study reports the baseline data that can be used for regular monitoring of contamination level considering the heavy industrialization and urbanization along the creek and its coastal region.
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Affiliation(s)
- K S Sukhdhane
- Aquatic Environment and Health Management Division, Central Institute of Fisheries Education, Mumbai, India,
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D'Adamo R, Specchiulli A, Cassin D, Botter M, Zonta R, Fabbrocini A. The effect of floods on sediment contamination in a microtidal coastal lagoon: the lagoon of Lesina, Italy. ARCHIVES OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2014; 67:297-309. [PMID: 24862981 DOI: 10.1007/s00244-014-0037-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2013] [Accepted: 04/16/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The effects on the microtidal lagoon of Lesina of runoff and the discharge of water and material from agricultural activities were investigated combining chemical analyses of pollutants [11 metals and 16 priority polycyclic aromatic compounds (PAHs)], determination of organic matter and grain size, and performance of innovative ecotoxicological tests. For metals, enrichment factors >3 for arsenic, nickel, and copper (Cu) were observed in the eastern zone of the lagoon, which is affected by nearby urban activities with discharge of water and domestic waste and by agricultural input with waters rich in fertilizers. Cu was correlated with no other metal, and its high concentrations (≤77 µg g(-1)) may result from the use of Cu-based fungicides in vineyards. Total PAHs (2,230 ± 3,150 ng g(-1)) displayed a wide range of concentrations with hot spots near freshwater inputs from the part of the catchment area exploited for wheat crops. Pyrolitic contamination also emerged, with higher-mass PAH congeners, such as asphalt, bitumen or coal, usually present in higher fractions as the dominant components. Ecotoxicological evaluations recorded moderate to high toxicity levels; the innovative MOT test bioassay showed good discriminatory ability because it identified a lagoon area whose inputs mainly depend on agricultural activities and which is impacted by metals rather than PAHs. Floods during periods of heavy rain and the discharge of water and material from agricultural activities may impact vulnerable systems, such as the lagoon of Lesina, where the presence of hot spots with remarkably high pollution values was observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raffaele D'Adamo
- Sect. of Lesina (FG), Institute of Marine Science, UOS of Lesina (FG), National Research Council, Via Pola, 4, 71010, Lesina, FG, Italy
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Li JY, Tang JYM, Jin L, Escher BI. Understanding bioavailability and toxicity of sediment-associated contaminants by combining passive sampling with in vitro bioassays in an urban river catchment. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY 2013; 32:2888-2896. [PMID: 24038583 DOI: 10.1002/etc.2387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2013] [Revised: 08/08/2013] [Accepted: 08/29/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Bioavailable and bioaccessible fractions of sediment-associated contaminants are considered as better dose metrics for sediment-quality assessment than total concentrations. The authors applied exhaustive solvent extraction and nondepletive equilibrium sampling techniques to sediment samples collected along the Brisbane River in South East Queensland, Australia, which range from pristine environments to urban and industry-impacted areas. The wide range of chemicals expected prevents comprehensive chemical analysis, but a battery of cell-based bioassays sheds light on mixture effects of chemicals in relation to various modes of toxic action. Toxic effects were expressed as bioanalytical equivalent concentrations (BEQs) normalized to the organic carbon content of each sediment sample. Bioanalytical equivalent concentrations from exhaustive extraction agreed fairly well with values estimated from polydimethylsiloxane passive sampling extracts via the constant organic carbon to polydimethylsiloxane partition coefficient. Agreement was best for bioassays indicative of photosynthesis inhibition and oxidative stress response and discrepancy within a factor of 3 for the induction of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor. For nonspecific cytotoxicity, BEQ from exhaustive extraction were 1 order of magnitude higher than values from equilibrium sampling, possibly because of coextraction of bioactive natural organic matter that led to an overestimation of toxicity in the exhaustive extracts, which suggests that passive sampling is better suited in combination with bioanalytical assessment than exhaustive extraction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan-Ying Li
- The University of Queensland, National Research Centre for Environmental Toxicology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia; Shanghai Ocean University, College of Fisheries and Life Science, Shanghai, China
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Nasher E, Heng LY, Zakaria Z, Surif S. Assessing the ecological risk of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in sediments at Langkawi Island, Malaysia. ScientificWorldJournal 2013; 2013:858309. [PMID: 24163633 PMCID: PMC3791666 DOI: 10.1155/2013/858309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2013] [Accepted: 08/14/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Tourism-related activities such as the heavy use of boats for transportation are a significant source of petroleum hydrocarbons that may harm the ecosystem of Langkawi Island. The contamination and toxicity levels of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) in the sediments of Langkawi were evaluated using sediment quality guidelines (SQGs) and toxic equivalent factors. Ten samples were collected from jetties and fish farms around the island in December 2010. A gas chromatography/flame ionization detector (GC/FID) was used to analyse the 18 PAHs. The concentration of total PAHs was found to range from 869 ± 00 to 1637 ± 20 ng g⁻¹ with a mean concentration of 1167.00 ± 24 ng g⁻¹, lower than the SQG effects range-low (3442 ng g⁻¹). The results indicated that PAHs may not cause acute biological damage. Diagnostic ratios and principal component analysis suggested that the PAHs were likely to originate from pyrogenic and petrogenic sources. The toxic equivalent concentrations of the PAHs ranged from 76.3 to 177 ng TEQ/g d.w., which is lower compared to similar studies. The results of mean effects range-median quotient of the PAHs were lower than 0.1, which indicate an 11% probability of toxicity effect. Hence, the sampling sites were determined to be the low-priority sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Essam Nasher
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Lee Yook Heng
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
- South-East Asia Disaster Prevention Research Institute (SEADPRI), Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Zuriati Zakaria
- Environment Engineering and Green Technology, Malaysia Japan International Institute of Technology, University Technologi Malaysia, 54100 Kuala Lumpur, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Salmijah Surif
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
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Montero N, Belzunce-Segarra MJ, Gonzalez JL, Menchaca I, Garmendia JM, Etxebarria N, Nieto O, Franco J. Application of Toxicity Identification Evaluation (TIE) procedures for the characterization and management of dredged harbor sediments. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2013; 71:259-268. [PMID: 23465571 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2013.01.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2012] [Revised: 01/25/2013] [Accepted: 01/31/2013] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
This study refers to the performance of Phase I Toxicity Identification Evaluation (TIE) procedures to identify the contaminants (i.e. organic compounds, metals and ammonia) exerting toxicity in marine sediments from the Pasaia harbor (Oiartzun estuary, northern Spain). The effectiveness of the manipulations to reduce toxicity was proved with the marine amphipod survival test (whole-sediment) and the sea urchin embryo-larval assay (elutriates). By means of TIEs it was concluded that organic compounds were the major contaminants exerting toxicity, although toxic effects by metals was also demonstrated. Additionally, the combination of Phase I treatments allowed to investigate the toxicity changes associated to the mobility of contaminants during dredging activities. Therefore, the performance of TIE procedures as another line of evidence in the decision-making process is recommended. They show a great potential to be implemented at different steps of the characterization and management of dredged harbor sediments.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Montero
- Marine Research Division, AZTI-Tecnalia, Herrera Kaia, Portualdea z/g, 20110 Pasaia, Spain.
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