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Ullah I, Adnan M, Nawab J, Khan S. Ethnobotanical, ecological and health risk assessment of some selected wild medicinal plants collected along mafic and Ultra Mafic rocks of Northwest Pakistan. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2024; 196:278. [PMID: 38367088 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-024-12403-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 02/19/2024]
Abstract
The current study investigated wild plant resources and health risk assessment along with northern Pakistan's mafic and ultramafic regions. Ethnobotanical data was collected through field visits and semi-structured questionnaire surveys conducted from local inhabitants and healers. Six potentially toxic elements (PTEs) such as lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd), nickel (Ni), chromium (Cr), manganese (Mn), and zinc (Zn) were extracted with acids and analyzed using atomic absorption spectrophotometer (AAS, Perkin Elmer-7000) in nine selected wild medicinal plants. Contamination factor (CF), pollution load index (PLI), estimated daily intake (EDI), target hazard quotient (THQ), and hazard index (HI) were used to determine the health risk assessment of the studied medicinal plants. The results showed that the selected medicinal plants were used for the treatments of cough, joint swelling, cardiovascular disorders, toothaches, diabetes, and skin pimples by the local inhabitants due to their low-cost and easy accessibility. The concentrations of Pb (3.4-53 mg kg-1), Cd (0.03-0.39 mg kg-1), Ni (17.5-82 mg kg-1), Cr (29-315 mg kg-1), Mn (20-142 mg kg-1), and Zn (7.4-64 mg kg-1) in the studied medicinal plants were found above the safe limits (except Zn) set by WHO/FAO/USEPA (1984/2010). The Pb contamination factor was significantly (p < 0.05) higher in A. modesta (7.84) and D. viscosa (6.81), and Cd contamination factor was significantly higher in C. officinalis (26.67), followed by A. modesta (8.0) mg kg-1. Based on PTE concentrations, the studied plants are considered not suitable for human consumption purposes. Pollution load index values for A. modesta, A. barbadensis, A. caudatus, A. indica, C. procera (2.93), D. viscosa (2.79), and C. officinalis (2.83), R. hastatus (3.12), and Z. armatum were observed as 1.00, 2.80, 2.29, 2.29, 2.93, 2.79, 2.83, 3.12 and 2.19, respectively. Hazard index values were in order of R. hastatus (1.32 × 10-1) ˃ C. procera (1.21 × 10-1) ˃ D. viscosa (1.10 × 10-1) ˃ A. caudatus (9.11 × 10-2) ˃ A. barbadensis (8.66 × 10-2) ˃ Z. armatum (7.99 × 10-2) ˃ A. indica (6.87 × 10-2) ˃ A. modesta (5.6 × 10-2) ˃ C. officinalis (5.42 × 10-2). The health risk index values suggested that consumption of these plants individually or in combination would cause severe health problems in the consumers. Pearson's correlation results showed a significant correlation (p ≤ 0.001) between Zn and Mn in the studied medicinal plants. The current study suggests that wild medicinal plants should be adequately addressed for PTEs and other carcinogenic pollutants before their uses in the study area. Open dumping of mining waste should be banned and eco-friendly technology like organic amendments application should be used to mitigate PTEs in the study area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irfan Ullah
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Kohat University of Science and Technology, Kohat, 26000, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan.
| | - Muhammad Adnan
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Kohat University of Science and Technology, Kohat, 26000, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan.
| | - Javed Nawab
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Kohat University of Science and Technology, Kohat, 26000, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Sardar Khan
- Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Peshawar, Peshawar, 25120, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
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Shamshad S, Rizvi KA, Shehnaz H, Jatoi SA, Shahnaz L, Naqvi SMS, Qasim M, Zainab T, Haider A. Novel NARC-G1 garlic: comparative allicin quantification with morpho-biochemical & genetic profiling. BRAZ J BIOL 2024; 84:e262697. [DOI: 10.1590/1519-6984.262697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2022] [Accepted: 07/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract Garlic (Allium sativum) is an important cash food crop, and the biotechnology industry has considerable interest in the plant because of its medicinal importance. These medicinal properties are attributed to organosulphur compounds as the accumulation of these compounds varies according to genotype, locality, light quality, and cultivation practices. In this study, we compared a newly developed garlic variety NARC-G1 by National Agricultural Research Centre (NARC), Islamabad, Pakistan with three different garlic cultivars and highlighted the distinctive attributes like phenotypic characteristics, the content of allicin, elemental profile, and gene polymorphism. Phenotypic analysis showed NARC-G1 has significantly higher bulb weight (66.36g ± 18.58), single clove weight (5.87g ± 1.041), and clove width (17.41mm ± 0.95) which directly correlates to the size of the garlic. The analytical analysis showed the highest allicin content (4.82 ± 0.001) in NARC-G1. Genotyping of the alliinase in all four cultivars showed indels in the gene resulting in distinguishable changes in organosulphur compounds’ profile. NARC-G1 is unique from other garlic cultivars and could be the best choice for mass production with proper cultivation and irrigation management. Moreover, for Pakistan NARC-G1 could be a potential contender to earn the industrial benefits with inland cultivation instead of importing garlic alleviating the economic burden.
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Affiliation(s)
- S. Shamshad
- Pir Mehr Ali Shah Arid Agriculture University Rawalpindi, Pakistan
| | - K. A. Rizvi
- Pir Mehr Ali Shah Arid Agriculture University Rawalpindi,, Pakistan
| | - H. Shehnaz
- Sindh Madressatul Islam University, Pakistan
| | - S. A. Jatoi
- National Agriculture Research Center, Pakistan
| | | | | | - M. Qasim
- Hydrocarbon Development Institute of Pakistan, Pakistan
| | - T. Zainab
- Pir Mehr Ali Shah Arid Agriculture University Rawalpindi, Pakistan; Pir Mehr Ali Shah Arid Agriculture University Rawalpindi,, Pakistan
| | - A. Haider
- Chemico Bacteriological Laboratory, Pakistan
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Taheri A, Cheniany M, Ganjeali A, Arefi-Oskouie A. ICP-OES assessment of trace and toxic elements in Ziziphora clinopodioides Lam. from Iran by chemometric approaches. Biometals 2022; 35:1169-1186. [PMID: 36053471 DOI: 10.1007/s10534-022-00433-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2022] [Accepted: 08/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the study was to evaluate the concentrations of some essential and toxic elements (including Ca, K, Mg, Na, Fe, Cu, Mn, Zn, Co, Mo, Pb, Ni, Cr, and Cd) in Ziziphora clinopodioides Lam. (endemic Iranian herb) from 14 different regions by ICP-OES (inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectrometry) method followed by multivariate statistical analyses. The analytical performances were assessed as the limit of detection (LOD), limit of quantification (LOQ), precision, and accuracy. Multivariate analysis (CA, PCA and HCA) showed the elemental distribution in the roots were higher than the shoots and significant element was Ca between regions. Three principal components (PCs) explained 77.94% of the total variance. They were as follows: PC1 with Cu, Zn, K, Cr, Ni, and Mn; PC2 with Na, Ca, Pb, and Fe; and PC3 with Mg. Hierarchical cluster analysis indicated four groups of Z. clinopodioides samples from the 14 regions based on their trace and toxic element levels. These chemometric approaches with multivariate analysis enable researchers to understand and quantify the relationship between the variables in a data set, and the analysis considers more than one factor. The concentrations of Cu, Na, Mn, Zn, and Pb in most Z. clinopodioides samples were below the WHO (world health organization) limit for herbal medicines (10, 51,340, 200, 50, and 10 µg g-1 respectively), while Fe and Ca levels were higher than allowed (15 and 614 µg g-1 respectively). However, the WHO limit for Mg, K, Co, and Mo in medicinal plants has not yet been determined. The results of this study confirmed that different parts of Z. clinopodioides can be used as an important source for human nutrition due to its essential mineral elements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azadeh Taheri
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Monireh Cheniany
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Ali Ganjeali
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Afsaneh Arefi-Oskouie
- Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Paramedical Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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Bhatti ZI, Ishtiaq M, Khan SA, Nawab J, Ghani J, Ullah Z, Khan S, Baig SA, Muhammad I, Din ZU, Khan A. Contamination level, source identification and health risk assessment of potentially toxic elements in drinking water sources of mining and non-mining areas of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. JOURNAL OF WATER AND HEALTH 2022; 20:1343-1363. [PMID: 36170190 DOI: 10.2166/wh.2022.087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Accelerated mining activities have increased water contamination with potentially toxic elements (PTEs) and their associated human health risk in developing countries. The current study investigated the distribution of PTEs, their potential sources and health risk assessment in both ground and surface water sources in mining and non-mining areas of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. Water samples (n = 150) were taken from selected sites and were analyzed for six PTEs (Ni, Cr, Zn, Cu, Pb and Mn). Among PTEs, Cr showed a high mean concentration (497) μg L-1, followed by Zn (414) μg L-1 in the mining area, while Zn showed the lowest mean value (4.44) μg L-1 in non-mining areas. Elevated concentrations of Ni, Cr and a moderate level of Pb in ground and surface water of Mohmand District exceeded the permissible limits set by WHO. Multivariate statistical analyses showed that the pollution sources of PTEs were mainly from mafic-ultramafic rocks, acid mine drainage, open dumping of mine wastes and mine tailings. The hazard quotient (HQ) was the highest for children relative to that for adults, but not higher than the USEPA limits. The hazard index (HI) for ingestions of all selected PTEs was lower than the threshold value (HIing < 1), except for Mohmand District, which showed a value of HI >1 in mining areas through ingestion. Moreover, the carcinogenic risk (CR) values exceeded the threshold limits for Ni and Cr set by the USEPA (1.0E-04-1.0E-06). In order to protect the drinking water sources of the study areas from further contamination, management techniques and policy for mining operations need to be implemented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahid Imran Bhatti
- State Key Laboratory of Nuclear Resources and Environment, East China University of Technology, Nanchang 330013, China; School of Earth Sciences, East China University of Technology, Nanchang 330013, China
| | - Muhammad Ishtiaq
- Department of Community Medicine, Nowshera Medical College, Nowshera Kalan, Pakistan E-mail:
| | - Said Akbar Khan
- Department of Earth & Environmental Sciences, Bahria University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Javed Nawab
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Kohat University of Science and Technology, Kohat, Pakistan
| | - Junaid Ghani
- Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna, Bologna 40126, Italy
| | - Zahid Ullah
- School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Sardar Khan
- Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Peshawar, Peshawar 25120, Pakistan
| | - Shams Ali Baig
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Abdul Wali Khan University, Mardan, Pakistan
| | - Ihsan Muhammad
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Abdul Wali Khan University, Mardan, Pakistan
| | - Zia Ud Din
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Abdul Wali Khan University, Mardan, Pakistan
| | - Asad Khan
- Department of Geology, FATA University, F.R. Kohat, Darra Adam Khel, Pakistan
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Cadmium in herbal weight loss products as a health risk factor for consumers. POSTEP HIG MED DOSW 2022. [DOI: 10.2478/ahem-2022-0021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Introduction
Herbal weight loss remedies are produced from various plant species which could accumulate heavy metals from the environment. The consumption of contaminated herbal preparations could be a source of consumer exposure to toxic metals. The aim of the study was to evaluate the content of cadmium in selected herbal weight loss products available on the Polish market, to determine exposure of consumers to the heavy metal included in herbal infusions prepared from the studied products and the related health risk.
Materials and Methods
The study included 29 herbal weight loss products available on the Polish market. The content of cadmium in the analyzed dried herbs and herbal infusions was analyzed. Based on the obtained results, the exposure of consumers to cadmium and the related health risks were estimated.
Results
Cadmium concentration in dried herbs did not exceed the maximum allowable concentration.
Conclusions
The exposure of consumers of the most contaminated herbal infusions to cadmium could be equal to half of the reference dose, which is an acceptable exposure threshold.
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Nadia C, Emna S, Anouar NM, Mariem L, Bilel M, Omar S, Aroud M, Dorra A, Abderazzek H. Investigation of environmental contamination by cadmium: Determination of the cadmium content in Nerium oleander and Acacia retinodes growing in industrial area. TOXICOLOGIE ANALYTIQUE ET CLINIQUE 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxac.2022.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Potentially Toxic Elements’ Contamination of Soils Affected by Mining Activities in the Portuguese Sector of the Iberian Pyrite Belt and Optional Remediation Actions: A Review. ENVIRONMENTS 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/environments9010011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Both sectors of the Iberian Pyrite Belt, Portuguese and Spanish, have been exploited since ancient times, but more intensively during and after the second half of the 19th century. Large volumes of polymetallic sulfide ore were extracted in open pits or in underground works, processed without environmental concerns, and the generated waste rocks and tailings were simply deposited in the area. Many of these mining sites were abandoned for years under the action of erosive agents, leading to the spread of trace elements and the contamination of soils, waters and sediments. Some of these mine sites have been submitted to rehabilitation actions, mostly using constructive techniques to dig and contain the contaminated tailings and other waste materials, but the remaining soil still needs to be treated with the best available techniques to recover its ecosystem functions. Besides the degraded physical structure and poor nutritional status of these soils, they have common characteristics, as a consequence of the pyrite oxidation and acid drainage produced, such as a high concentration of trace elements and low pH, which must be considered in the remediation plans. This manuscript aims to review the results from studies which have already covered these topics in the Iberian Pyrite Belt, especially in its Portuguese sector, considering: (i) soils’ physicochemical characteristics; (ii) potentially toxic trace elements’ concentration; and (iii) sustainable remediation technologies to cope with this type of soil contamination. Phytostabilization, after the amelioration of the soil’s properties with organic and inorganic amendments, was investigated at the lab and field scale by several authors, and their results were also considered.
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Toxic element levels in ingredients and commercial pet foods. Sci Rep 2021; 11:21007. [PMID: 34697366 PMCID: PMC8546090 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-00467-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2021] [Accepted: 10/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Nowadays, there is a growing concern about contamination of toxic metals (TM) in pet food due to the great potential for health risks of these elements. TM concentrations in commercial pet foods (n = 100) as well as in ingredients used in their composition (n = 100) were analyzed and compared to the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) maximum tolerable level (MTL), and the TM concentrations found in the different sources of carbohydrate, protein, and fat were compared. The TM concentrations were determined by inductively coupled plasma with optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES). Concentrations above the MTL for aluminum, mercury, lead, uranium, and vanadium were observed in both dog and cat foods, and the percentage of dog foods that exceeded the MTL of these TM were: 31.9%; 100%; 80.55%; 95.83%; and 75%, respectively, and in cat foods: 10.71%; 100%; 32.14%; 85.71%; 28.57%, respectively. The MTL values of these TMs and the mean values in dog foods (mg/kg dry matter basis) (MTL [mean ± standard deviation]) were: aluminum: 200 (269.17 ± 393.74); mercury: 0.27 (2.51 ± 1.31); lead: 10 (12.55 ± 4.30); uranium: 10 (76.82 ± 28.09); vanadium: 1 (1.35 ± 0.69), while in cat foods were: aluminum: 200 (135.51 ± 143.95); mercury: 0.27 (3.47 ± 4.31); lead: 10 (9.13 ± 5.42); uranium: 10 (49.83 ± 29.18); vanadium: 1 (0.81 ± 0.77). Dry foods presented higher concentrations of most TM (P < 0.05) than wet foods (P < 0.05). Among the carbohydrate sources, there were the highest levels of all TM except cobalt, mercury, and nickel in wheat bran (P < 0.05), while among the protein sources, in general, animal by-products had higher TM concentrations than plant-based ingredients. Pork fat had higher concentrations of arsenic, mercury, and antimony than fish oil and poultry fat. It was concluded that the pet foods evaluated in this study presented high concentrations of the following TM: aluminum, mercury, lead, uranium, and vanadium.
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Ahmad Z, Mulk Khan S, Page S, Alamri S, Hashem M. Plants predict the mineral mines – A methodological approach to use indicator plant species for the discovery of mining sites. J Adv Res 2021; 39:119-133. [PMID: 35777902 PMCID: PMC9263987 DOI: 10.1016/j.jare.2021.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2021] [Revised: 10/12/2021] [Accepted: 10/14/2021] [Indexed: 10/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Plant species predict presence of specific mineral reserves. These plants can be used as indicators for economically important mineral reserves. Indicator Species and modelling approaches were used for indicators of mineral mines. Coal indicators were Olea ferruginea, Gymnosporia royleana and few more. These approaches could potentially be applied for exploration of mineral reserves.
Introduction Objectives Methods Results Conclusion
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Wu B, Peng H, Sheng M, Luo H, Wang X, Zhang R, Xu F, Xu H. Evaluation of phytoremediation potential of native dominant plants and spatial distribution of heavy metals in abandoned mining area in Southwest China. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2021; 220:112368. [PMID: 34082243 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2021.112368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2020] [Revised: 05/17/2021] [Accepted: 05/23/2021] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
A field investigation on the content of heavy metals in soils and dominant plants was conducted in three sites (A<0.5 km, B<1.0 km, C<1.5 km) with different distances of mine tailings. The spatial distribution of heavy metals and the accumulation in plants were compared, and the candidate species for ecosystem restoration were selected. The results indicated that the soil was polluted by chromium (Cr), Cadmium (Cd), copper (Cu), nickel (Ni) in varying degrees, which is 2.07, 2.60, 1.79, and 4.49 times higher than the Class-Ⅱ standard in China. The concentrate of Ni, Cd, and Zinc (Zn) increased, while Cr, Lead (Pb), and Cu decreased with the distance from the mine tailings. 73 species (34 families) were found and mainly herbaceous plants. The concentrate of Cd, Cu, Cr, and Ni in 29 dominant plants were measured and 66.67%, 21.43%, 100%, 47.62% plants exceeded the normal concentration range. Based on the comparative analysis of heavy metal content, bioconcentration factor, and translocation factor in plants, Polygonum capitatum has good phytoextraction ability, Boehmeria nivea, Chrysanthemum indicum, Miscanthus floridulus, Conyza canadensis, Rubus setchuenensis, Senecio scandens, and Arthraxon hispidus showed remarkable phytostabilization abilities of Cr, Cd, Ni, and Cu, which can be used as potential phytoremediation candidate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bohan Wu
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, Sichuan, PR China
| | - He Peng
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Mingping Sheng
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Huanyan Luo
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Xitong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Rong Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Fei Xu
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, Sichuan, PR China.
| | - Heng Xu
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, Sichuan, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environment Protection, Soil Ecological Protection and Pollution Control, Sichuan University & Department of Ecology and Environment of Sichuan, Chengdu 610065, Sichuan, PR China.
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Eid EM, Shaltout KH, Almuqrin AH, Aloraini DA, Khedher KM, Taher MA, Alfarhan AH, Picó Y, Barcelo D. Uptake prediction of nine heavy metals by Eichhornia crassipes grown in irrigation canals: A biomonitoring approach. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 782:146887. [PMID: 33848852 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.146887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2021] [Accepted: 03/28/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The principal objective of this study is to generate mathematical regression equations that facilitate the estimation of the extent to which Eichhornia crassipes (C. Mart.) Solms, water hyacinth, absorbs heavy metals (HMs) into four plant organs (laminae, petioles, roots, and stolons). This study considers the absorption of nine HMs (Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, Pb, and Zn), and the E. crassipes evaluated in this study were located in three irrigation canals in the North Nile Delta in Egypt, with sampling being conducted in both monospecific and homogenous E. crassipes. Samples of both E. crassipes and water were collected on a monthly basis during one growing season. Analysis of the water samples showed that the HM concentrations ranged from 1.1 μg/l for Cd to 2079.8 μg/l for Fe. All HMs were more concentrated in the E. crassipes roots than in any other organ. Typically, there was a significant correlation between the HM levels in the water and the HM levels in the E. crassipes organs. E. crassipes was documented by a bioconcentration factor > 1.0 for all HMs. The translocation factor in this study was <1.0 for all HMs. The t-values that referred to the discrepancies between the measured and predicted values of the HMs in the four E. crassipes organs were not significant. This finding can be considered to be an indication of the goodness of fit with respect to the ability of the equations to forecast HM uptake. Therefore, the developed equations will benefit the prediction of HM uptake by E. crassipes grown in irrigation canals in the Nile Delta. The efficacy of E. crassipes as a metric for gauging the aggregate impact of environmental pollution in water sources and its potential application in biomonitoring are confirmed in this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ebrahem M Eid
- Biology Department, College of Science, King Khalid University, Abha 61321, Saudi Arabia; Botany Department, Faculty of Science, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafr El-Sheikh 33516, Egypt.
| | - Kamal H Shaltout
- Botany Department, Faculty of Science, Tanta University, Tanta 31527, Egypt
| | - Aljawhara H Almuqrin
- Department of Physics, College of Sciences, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh 12484, Saudi Arabia
| | - Dalal A Aloraini
- Department of Physics, College of Sciences, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh 12484, Saudi Arabia
| | - Khaled M Khedher
- Department of Civil Engineering, College of Engineering, King Khalid University, Abha 61421, Saudi Arabia; Department of Civil Engineering, High Institute of Technological Studies, Mrezgua University Campus, Nabeul 8000, Tunisia
| | - Mostafa A Taher
- Biology Department, College of Science, King Khalid University, Abha 61321, Saudi Arabia; Botany Department, Faculty of Science, Aswan University, Aswan 81528, Egypt
| | - Ahmed H Alfarhan
- Botany & Microbiology Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Yolanda Picó
- Environmental and Food Safety Research Group of the University of Valencia (SAMA-UV), Desertification Research Centre CIDE (CSIC-UV-GV), Moncada-Naquera Road km 4.5, 46113 Moncada, Valencia, Spain
| | - Damia Barcelo
- Botany & Microbiology Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; Water and Soil Research Group, Department of Environmental Chemistry, IDAEA-CSIC, JORDI GIRONA 18-26, 08034 Barcelona, Spain; Catalan Institute for Water Research (ICRA-CERCA), H2O Building, Scientific and Technological Park of the University of Girona, Emili Grahit 101, 17003 Girona, Spain
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Zhang C, Chen Y, Xu W, Chi S, Li T, Li Y, He Z, Yang M, Feng D. Resistance of alfalfa and Indian mustard to Cd and the correlation of plant Cd uptake and soil Cd form. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 26:13804-13811. [PMID: 30218333 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-018-3162-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2018] [Accepted: 09/06/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Phytoremediation of heavy metal-contaminated soil is considered to be one ecological environmental protection way that is effective and economical. The selection of suitable hyperaccumulators is a key issue for phytoremediation of heavy metal-contaminated soil. Pot experiments were conducted to study the effects of different Cd levels (0, 75, 150, 300, and 600 mg kg-1 Cd) on the dry weight, antioxidant enzyme activities, malondialdehyde (MDA) contents, Cd concentration, Cd accumulation, and soil Cd form distribution ratio (FDC) of alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) and Indian mustard (Brassica juncea L.). The correlations between Cd concentration in shoots and roots of alfalfa and Indian mustard and soil Cd form were also investigated. The results showed that with the increase of soil Cd levels, dry weight of shoot and root of alfalfa and Indian mustard significantly decreased, which decreased by 50.0-71.8% and 29.6-59.3% (alfalfa), 59.6-89.0% and 64.3-74.8% (India mustard), respectively, compared with the control. With the increase of soil Cd level, superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity in shoot of alfalfa significantly increased. Catalase (CAT) activity and malondialdehyde contents in shoots and roots of alfalfa and Indian mustard, as well as superoxide dismutase activity in the roots of alfalfa and Indian mustard increased first and then decreased with the increase of soil Cd level. With increasing Cd stress, Cd concentration in shoots and roots of alfalfa and Indian mustard significantly increased. At soil Cd level of 75 mg kg-1, Cd concentrations in shoots of alfalfa and Indian mustard exceeded the critical value of Cd-hyperaccumulator (100 mg kg-1), which was 356.46 mg kg-1 and 308.74 mg kg-1, respectively. Cadmium concentrations in shoots and roots of plants were in the order of that of alfalfa > Indian mustard; total Cd accumulation in the aboveground tissues and roots of the plants was in the order of that of Indian mustard > alfalfa at the same Cd level. With increasing soil Cd level, Cd concentrations of exchangeable form (EXC-Cd), carbonate-bound form (CAB-Cd), iron-manganese oxide-bound form (FeMn-Cd), organic-bound form (OM-Cd), and residual form (RES-Cd) showed an increasing trend. The form distribution ratio of soil Cd forms in alfalfa's rhizosphere was in the order of that of exchangeable form Cd > carbonate-bound form Cd > iron-manganese oxide-bound form Cd > residual form Cd > organic-bound form Cd. Except for organic-bound form Cd, soil Cd forms were significantly positively correlated with Cd concentration in shoot and root (P < 0.01). Comprehensively considering the biomass and Cd accumulation, Indian mustard is more suitable as remediation material for soil Cd pollution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunlai Zhang
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, People's Republic of China
| | - Yongqin Chen
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, People's Republic of China
| | - Weihong Xu
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, People's Republic of China.
| | - Sunlin Chi
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, People's Republic of China
| | - Tao Li
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanhua Li
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhangmi He
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, People's Republic of China
| | - Mei Yang
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, People's Republic of China
| | - Deyu Feng
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, People's Republic of China
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Long J, Tan D, Deng S, Lei M. Uptake and accumulation of potentially toxic elements in colonized plant species around the world's largest antimony mine area, China. ENVIRONMENTAL GEOCHEMISTRY AND HEALTH 2018; 40:2383-2394. [PMID: 29644506 DOI: 10.1007/s10653-018-0104-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2017] [Accepted: 03/29/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
To provide information on reclamation of multi-heavy metal polluted soils with conception of phytostabilization, a field survey on the uptake and accumulation of potentially toxic elements such as antimony (Sb), arsenic (As), lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd), copper (Cu), and zinc (Zn) in colonized plant species around the world's largest antimony mine area, China, was conducted. Samples including leaves and shoots (including roots and stems) of colonized plants as well as rhizospheric soils were collected from eight sampling zones in the studied area. The results showed that the contents of Cu, Zn, and Pb in rhizospheric soils below plants were comparable to the corresponding background values of Hunan province, otherwise Sb, Cd, and As contents were extremely high (17-106, 17-87, and 3-7 times of the corresponding background values). The highest concentration of Sb was found in Aster subulatus (410 mg kg-1); Cd, As, and Zn were in Herba bidentis bipinnatae (10.9, 264, and 265 mg kg-1, respectively); and Cu was in Artemisia lavandulaefolia (27.1 mg kg-1). It also exhibited that all the contents of As in leaves were several times of those in shoots of plants, Cd and other heavy metals showed in a similar pattern in several studied species, implying that the uptake route of these heavy metals via foliar might contribute to the accumulation. With high bioconcentration factors of heavy metals (more than 1, except for Zn), together with the growth abundance, Herba bidentis bipinnatae was considered as the most suitable colonized species for phytostabilization of the multi-heavy metal pollution in soils on this antimony mine area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiumei Long
- College of Resources and Environment, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, Hunan, People's Republic of China
- College of Life Sciences and Environment, Hengyang Normal University, Hengyang, 421008, Hunan, People's Republic of China
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Rural Ecosystem Health in Dongting Lake Area, College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Di Tan
- College of Resources and Environment, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Sihan Deng
- College of Resources and Environment, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Ming Lei
- College of Resources and Environment, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, Hunan, People's Republic of China.
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Rural Ecosystem Health in Dongting Lake Area, College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, Hunan, People's Republic of China.
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14
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Khan MA, Ding X, Khan S, Brusseau ML, Khan A, Nawab J. The influence of various organic amendments on the bioavailability and plant uptake of cadmium present in mine-degraded soil. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2018; 636:810-817. [PMID: 29727847 PMCID: PMC6063314 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.04.299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2018] [Revised: 04/22/2018] [Accepted: 04/23/2018] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Mining of minerals and precious elements leads to land degradation that need to be reclaimed using environmentally friendly and cost effective techniques. The present study investigated the potential effects of different organic amendments on cadmium (Cd) bioavailability in mining-degraded soil and its subsequent bioaccumulation in tomato and cucumber. The selected organic geosorbents (hard wood biochar (HWB), bagasse (BG), rice husk (RH), and maize comb waste (MCW)) were added at application rates of 3% and 5% to chromite mine-degraded soil containing Cd. Tomato and cucumber plants were then grown in the soil, and the roots, shoots, leaves, and fruits of each plant were analysed for Cd concentration, biomass production, and chlorophyll content. The results indicated that the different organic materials have variable effects on physiochemical characteristics of vegetables and Cd bioavailability. The biochar amendment significantly (P < 0.01) increased chlorophyll contents (20-40%) and biomass (40-63%), as did RH to a lesser extent (increase of 10-18% in chlorophyll content and 3-45% in biomass). Among the amendments, HWB was the most effective at reducing Cd bioavailability, wherein significant decreases were observed in Cd uptake by fruits of tomato (24-30%) and cucumber (36-54%). The higher application rate of 5% was found to be more effective for mitigation of Cd mobility and bioaccumulation in plants grown in mine degraded soil. The study results indicate that effective use of organic amendments, especially HWB, can significantly reduce Cd levels in vegetables, improve food quality, and reduce human-health risk while increasing biomass production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Amjad Khan
- College of Resources and Environment, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China; Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Peshawar, Peshawar 25120, Pakistan; School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA
| | - Xiaodong Ding
- College of Resources and Environment, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China.
| | - Sardar Khan
- Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Peshawar, Peshawar 25120, Pakistan.
| | - Mark L Brusseau
- School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA
| | - Anwarzeb Khan
- College of Resources and Environment, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
| | - Javed Nawab
- Department of Environmental and Conservation Sciences, University of Swat, Swat 19130, Pakistan
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15
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Reboredo FH, Pelica J, Lidon FC, Ramalho JC, Pessoa MF, Calvão T, Simões M, Guerra M. Heavy metal content of edible plants collected close to an area of intense mining activity (southern Portugal). ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2018; 190:484. [PMID: 30039190 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-018-6844-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2018] [Accepted: 07/02/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The Neves-Corvo mining complex (MC) situated in southern Portugal exploits one of the most world's important copper deposits. Agricultural soils surrounding the MC, used by the inhabitants for crop production, contain excessive amounts of As, Cu, Pb, and Zn. Thus, a potential risk to human consumption exists if edible plants grow on these substrata. Arsenic and Pb were not detected in edible samples collected near the MC and 5 km away, but in the leaves-structural or adsorbed onto the surface. In general, Zn was the most mobile element in both contaminated and reference areas as seen by the bioaccumulation factors (BAF). The tolerable upper intake (TUI) values for Cu are a reason of concern, since in 57.1% of the cases, the TUI values are above the recommended upper limit of 5 mg/day, in the case of Ficus carica, Cucurbita pepo, and Phaseolus vulgaris, whereas in 28.6% of the cases, the TUI values are near this limit (C. pepo and Citrus x sinensis). The consumption of such vegetables from these areas must be banned or strongly reduced, since long-term accumulation of Cu can cause a chronic toxicity in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernando H Reboredo
- GeoBioTec, Departamento de Ciências da Terra, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Campus da Caparica, 2829-516, Caparica, Portugal.
| | - João Pelica
- GeoBioTec, Departamento de Ciências da Terra, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Campus da Caparica, 2829-516, Caparica, Portugal
| | - Fernando C Lidon
- GeoBioTec, Departamento de Ciências da Terra, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Campus da Caparica, 2829-516, Caparica, Portugal
| | - José C Ramalho
- GeoBioTec, Departamento de Ciências da Terra, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Campus da Caparica, 2829-516, Caparica, Portugal
- Plant Stress & Biodiversity, Linking Landscape, Environment, Agriculture and Food, (LEAF), Dept. Recursos Naturais, Ambiente e Território (DRAT), Instituto Superior de Agronomia (ISA), Universidade de Lisboa (ULisboa), Quinta do Marquês, 2784-505, Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Maria F Pessoa
- GeoBioTec, Departamento de Ciências da Terra, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Campus da Caparica, 2829-516, Caparica, Portugal
| | - Teresa Calvão
- CENSE, Departamento de Ciências e Engenharia do Ambiente, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Campus da Caparica, 2829-516, Caparica, Portugal
| | - Manuela Simões
- GeoBioTec, Departamento de Ciências da Terra, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Campus da Caparica, 2829-516, Caparica, Portugal
| | - Mauro Guerra
- LIBPHYS, Departamento de Física, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Campus da Caparica, 2829-516, Caparica, Portugal
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16
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Santos VSV, Arantes KM, Gonçalves EL, Campos CF, de Campos Júnior EO, de Oliveira AMM, Pereira BB. Contamination of soil and the medicinal plant Phyllanthus niruri Linn. with cadmium in ceramic industrial areas. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2018; 190:303. [PMID: 29680902 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-018-6693-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2017] [Accepted: 04/16/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Phyllanthus niruri is a plant that is used to prevent calcium oxalate crystallisation and to block the stone formation in urolithiasis. Contaminants in the environment can be readily taken up by medicinal plants due to their ability to absorb chemicals into their tissues. If contaminated plants are ingested, they have the potential to negatively affect human and environmental health. The aim of this study was to assess contamination in the soil and the medicinal plant P. niruri by cadmium (Cd) in ceramic industrial areas of Monte Carmelo, Brazil. Soil samples and plant samples (divided in root, shoot and leaves) were collected from a contaminated monitoring site and from a rural area (which was used as a reference site for comparative purposes). The Cd concentrations of the samples were analysed with an atomic absorption spectrometer. P. niruri was found to be sensitive to soil contamination by Cd that was attributed to ceramic industrial emissions. The results revealed that Cd bioaccumulation in the roots and shoots of P. niruri was associated with a significant increase (p < 0.05) in the concentration of active lignan compounds (phyllanthin and hypophyllanthin) in the leaves. The identification of high concentrations of Cd and active lignan compounds suggests a risk of contamination of the site and the risk of a high dose of Cd to people exposed at the site.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa Santana Vieira Santos
- Department of Environmental Health, Laboratory of Environmental Health, Santa Mônica Campus, Federal University of Uberlândia, Avenida João Naves de Ávila, 2121, 38, Uberlândia, Minas Gerais, 408-100, Brazil
- Institute of Genetics and Biochemistry, Department of Biotechnology, Umuarama Campus, Federal University of Uberlândia, Avenida Pará, 1720, 38, Uberlândia, Minas Gerais, 400-902, Brazil
| | - Karen Magalhães Arantes
- Department of Environmental Health, Laboratory of Environmental Health, Santa Mônica Campus, Federal University of Uberlândia, Avenida João Naves de Ávila, 2121, 38, Uberlândia, Minas Gerais, 408-100, Brazil
| | - Ester Luiza Gonçalves
- Department of Environmental Health, Laboratory of Environmental Health, Santa Mônica Campus, Federal University of Uberlândia, Avenida João Naves de Ávila, 2121, 38, Uberlândia, Minas Gerais, 408-100, Brazil
| | - Carlos Fernando Campos
- Department of Genetics and Biochemistry, Laboratory of Cytogenetics and Mutagenesis, Umuarama Campus, Federal University of Uberlândia, Avenida Pará, 1720, 38, Uberlândia, Minas Gerais, 400-902, Brazil
| | - Edimar Olegário de Campos Júnior
- Department of Genetics and Biochemistry, Laboratory of Cytogenetics and Mutagenesis, Umuarama Campus, Federal University of Uberlândia, Avenida Pará, 1720, 38, Uberlândia, Minas Gerais, 400-902, Brazil
| | - Antônio Marcos Machado de Oliveira
- Department of Environmental Health, Laboratory of Environmental Health, Santa Mônica Campus, Federal University of Uberlândia, Avenida João Naves de Ávila, 2121, 38, Uberlândia, Minas Gerais, 408-100, Brazil
| | - Boscolli Barbosa Pereira
- Department of Environmental Health, Laboratory of Environmental Health, Santa Mônica Campus, Federal University of Uberlândia, Avenida João Naves de Ávila, 2121, 38, Uberlândia, Minas Gerais, 408-100, Brazil.
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17
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Palutoglu M, Akgul B, Suyarko V, Yakovenko M, Kryuchenko N, Sasmaz A. Phytoremediation of Cadmium by Native Plants Grown on Mining Soil. BULLETIN OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2018; 100:293-297. [PMID: 29177694 DOI: 10.1007/s00128-017-2220-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2017] [Accepted: 11/18/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The Gümüsköy mining area is located about 25 km west of Kutahya and is the largest silver deposit in Turkey. The present study investigated translocation and accumulation of cadmium (Cd) from the soil into 11 native plants. Plant and soil samples were collected from the field, and Cd concentrations were analyzed by inductively coupled plasma mass spectroscopy. Mean Cd values in the soil, root, and shoot of native plants in the study area were 82.8 ± 5, 55.4 ± 6, and 43.5 ± 4 mg kg- 1, respectively. Plants were separated into several groups according to the enrichment coefficients for shoot and root values of plants. These groups showed Carduus nutans and Phlomis could be potentially bioaccumulator plants useful for phytoremediation of mining soils contaminated by Cd.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Bunyamin Akgul
- Geology Department, Firat University, 23119, Elazig, Turkey
| | - Vasily Suyarko
- Geology Department, Karazin National University, Kharkiv, 61022, Ukraine
| | - Myroslava Yakovenko
- Institute of Geology and Geochemistry of Combustible Mineral, 3-a Naukova St., Lviv, 79060, Ukraine
| | | | - Ahmet Sasmaz
- Geology Department, Firat University, 23119, Elazig, Turkey.
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18
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Screening for Autochthonous Phytoextractors in a Heavy Metal Contaminated Coal Mining Area. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2017; 14:ijerph14091068. [PMID: 28914778 PMCID: PMC5615605 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph14091068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2017] [Revised: 08/28/2017] [Accepted: 09/10/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
In order to protect public health and crops from soil heavy metal (HM) contamination at a coal mining area in Henan, central China, HM pollution investigation and screening of autochthonous HM phytoextractors were conducted. The concentrations of cadmium (Cd), lead (Pb), copper (Cu) and zinc (Zn) in surface soils exceeded the corresponding local background values and the China National Standard (CNS). The maximum potential ecological risk (RI) was 627.30, indicating very high ecological risk. The monomial risk of Cd contributed the most to the RI, varying from 85.48% to 96.48%. The plant community structure in the study area was simple, and was composed of 24 families, 37 genera and 40 species. B. pilosa, A. roxburghiana, A. argyi, A. hispidus were found to be the most dominant species at considerable risk sites. Based on the comprehensive analysis of Cd concentration, bioconcentration factor, translocation factor and adaptability factor, B. pilosa and A. argyi had potential for phytoextraction at considerable risk sites. A. roxburghiana had potential for Cd phytoextraction at moderately risk sites and A. hispidus seemed suitable for phytostabilization. The results could contribute to the phytoremediation of the similar sites.
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Dziubanek G, Baranowska R, Ćwieląg-Drabek M, Spychała A, Piekut A, Rusin M, Hajok I. Cadmium in edible plants from Silesia, Poland, and its implications for health risk in populations. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2017; 142:8-13. [PMID: 28376348 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2017.03.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2017] [Revised: 03/28/2017] [Accepted: 03/29/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The health risk associated with cadmium exposure through consumption of edible plants cultivated in different parts of the Silesia administration area inhabitants has been estimated. The impact of the arable soils acidity on the BCF (bioconcentration factor) has been also analyzed. The concentration of cadmium in arable soils and in 118 samples of vegetables - carrots, beets, potato, celery (tuber), parsley (root) were determined. The cadmium content in examined soil samples were in the range from >0.5-68.5mgkg-1 d.w. The most contaminated samples, above the maximum permissible concentration, originated from the central part of the region. The highest BCF value in case of parsley roots and carrots has been shown (0.941 and 0.828 respectively). Significant correlation between soil pH and BCF in examined edible plants has been demonstrated. In the exposure scenario, which assumes the consumption of the most contaminated vegetables from Silesia administration area, the value of the hazard quotient (HQ) for Cd was 2.56. On the contaminated arable soils from the central part of Silesia administration area the non-edible plants should be cultivated. In case of acidic and slightly acidic pH-range of arable soils, some methods of metals immobilization in soil are recommended e.g. liming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grzegorz Dziubanek
- Department of Environmental Health Risk Factors, School of Public Health in Bytom, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice (Poland), ul. Piekarska 18, 42-902 Bytom, Poland.
| | - Renata Baranowska
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health in Bytom, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice (Poland), ul. Piekarska 18, 42-902 Bytom, Poland.
| | - Małgorzata Ćwieląg-Drabek
- Department of Environmental Health Risk Factors, School of Public Health in Bytom, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice (Poland), ul. Piekarska 18, 42-902 Bytom, Poland.
| | - Anna Spychała
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health in Bytom, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice (Poland), ul. Piekarska 18, 42-902 Bytom, Poland.
| | - Agata Piekut
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health in Bytom, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice (Poland), ul. Piekarska 18, 42-902 Bytom, Poland.
| | - Monika Rusin
- Department of Environmental Health Risk Factors, School of Public Health in Bytom, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice (Poland), ul. Piekarska 18, 42-902 Bytom, Poland.
| | - Ilona Hajok
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health in Bytom, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice (Poland), ul. Piekarska 18, 42-902 Bytom, Poland.
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20
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Liu X, Bai Z, Yu Q, Cao Y, Zhou W. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in the soil profiles (0–100 cm) from the industrial district of a large open-pit coal mine, China. RSC Adv 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7ra02484c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Mining and industrial activities are the primary sources of soil pollution in the open-pit coal mine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyang Liu
- School of Land Science and Technology
- China University of Geosciences (Beijing)
- Beijing 100083
- PR China
| | - Zhongke Bai
- School of Land Science and Technology
- China University of Geosciences (Beijing)
- Beijing 100083
- PR China
- Key Laboratory of Land Consolidation and Rehabilitation
| | - Qinfei Yu
- Chinese Academy of Land & Resource Economics
- Beijing 101149
- PR China
- Guanghua School of Management
- Peking University
| | - Yingui Cao
- School of Land Science and Technology
- China University of Geosciences (Beijing)
- Beijing 100083
- PR China
- Key Laboratory of Land Consolidation and Rehabilitation
| | - Wei Zhou
- School of Land Science and Technology
- China University of Geosciences (Beijing)
- Beijing 100083
- PR China
- Key Laboratory of Land Consolidation and Rehabilitation
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21
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Eid EM, Shaltout KH. Bioaccumulation and translocation of heavy metals by nine native plant species grown at a sewage sludge dump site. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOREMEDIATION 2016; 18:1075-1085. [PMID: 27184987 DOI: 10.1080/15226514.2016.1183578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
In the present study, nine native plant species were collected to determine their potential to clean up nine heavy metals from soil of a sewage sludge dump site. Almost all nine plant species grown at sewage sludge dump site showed multifold higher concentrations of heavy metals as compared to plants grown at the reference site. All the investigated species were characterized by a bioaccumulation factor (BF) > 1.0 for some heavy metals. BF was generally higher for Cd, followed by Pb, Co, Cr, Cu, Ni, Mn, Zn, and Fe. The translocation factor (TF) varied among plant species, and among heavy metals. For most studied heavy metals, TFs were <1.0. The present study proved that the concentrations of all heavy metals (except Cd, Co, and Pb) in most studied species were positively correlated with those in soil. Such correlations indicate that these species reflect the cumulative effects of environmental pollution from soil, and thereby suggesting their potential use in the biomonitoring of most heavy metals examined. In conclusion, all tissues of nine plant species could act as bioindicators, biomonitors, and remediates of most examined heavy metals. Moreover, Bassia indica, Solanum nigrum, and Pluchea dioscoridis are considered hyperaccumulators of Fe; Amaranthus viridis and Bassia indica are considered hyperaccumulators of Pb; and Portulaca oleracea is considered hyperaccumulator of Mn.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ebrahem M Eid
- a Botany Department , Faculty of Science, Kafr El-Sheikh University , Kafr El-Sheikh , Egypt
- b Biology Department , College of Science, King Khalid University , Abha , Saudi Arabia
| | - Kamal H Shaltout
- c Botany Department , Faculty of Science, Tanta University , Tanta , Egypt
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22
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Nawab J, Li G, Khan S, Sher H, Aamir M, Shamshad I, Khan A, Khan MA. Health risk assessment from contaminated foodstuffs: a field study in chromite mining-affected areas northern Pakistan. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2016; 23:12227-12236. [PMID: 26971962 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-016-6379-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2015] [Accepted: 02/29/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the potential health risk associated with toxic metals in contaminated foodstuffs (fruits, vegetables, and cereals) collected from various agriculture fields present in chromite mining-affected areas of mafic and ultramafic terrains (northern Pakistan). The concentrations of Cr, Ni, Zn, Cd, and Pb were quantified in both soil and food samples. The soil samples were highly contaminated with Cr (320 mg/kg), Ni (108 mg/kg), and Cd (2.55 mg/kg), which exceeded their respective safe limits set by FAO/WHO. Heavy metal concentrations in soil were found in the order of Cr>Ni>Pb>Zn>Cd and showed significantly (p < 0.001) higher concentrations as compared to reference soil. The integrated pollution load index (PLI) value was observed greater than three indicating high level of contamination in the study area. The concentrations of Cr (1.80-6.99 mg/kg) and Cd (0.21-0.90 mg/kg) in foodstuffs exceeded their safe limits, while Zn, Pb, and Ni concentrations were observed within their safe limits. In all foodstuffs, the selected heavy metal concentrations were accumulated significantly (p < 0.001) higher as compared to the reference, while some heavy metals were observed higher but not significant like Zn in pear, persimmon, white mulberry, and date-plum; Cd in pear, fig and white mulberry; and Pb in walnut, fig, and pumpkin. The health risk assessment revealed no potential risk for both adults and children for the majority of heavy metals, except Cd, which showed health risk index (HRI) >1 for children and can pose potential health threats for local inhabitants. Graphical Abstract Heavy metals released from chromite mining lead to soil and foodstuff contamination and human health risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javed Nawab
- Key Laboratory of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen, China.
- Department of Environmental and Conservation Sciences, University of Swat, Swat, 19130, Pakistan.
- Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Peshawar, Peshawar, 25120, Pakistan.
| | - Gang Li
- Key Laboratory of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen, China
- Ningbo Urban Environment Observation and Research Station, Zhongke Road 88, Chunxiao Beilun District, Ningbo, 315830, China
| | - Sardar Khan
- Key Laboratory of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen, China.
- Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Peshawar, Peshawar, 25120, Pakistan.
- Ningbo Urban Environment Observation and Research Station, Zhongke Road 88, Chunxiao Beilun District, Ningbo, 315830, China.
| | - Hassan Sher
- Centre for Plant Sciences and Biodiversity, University of Swat, Swat, 19130, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Aamir
- Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Peshawar, Peshawar, 25120, Pakistan
| | - Isha Shamshad
- Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Peshawar, Peshawar, 25120, Pakistan
- Department of Environmental Sciences, International Islamic University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Anwarzeb Khan
- Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Peshawar, Peshawar, 25120, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Amjad Khan
- Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Peshawar, Peshawar, 25120, Pakistan
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Nawab J, Khan S, Ali S, Sher H, Rahman Z, Khan K, Tang J, Ahmad A. Health risk assessment of heavy metals and bacterial contamination in drinking water sources: a case study of Malakand Agency, Pakistan. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2016; 188:286. [PMID: 27075311 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-016-5296-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2016] [Accepted: 04/05/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Human beings are frequently exposed to pathogens and heavy metals through ingestion of contaminated drinking water throughout the world particularly in developing countries. The present study aimed to assess the quality of water used for drinking purposes in Malakand Agency, Pakistan. Water samples were collected from different sources (dug wells, bore wells, tube wells, springs, and hand pumps) and analyzed for different physico-chemical parameters and bacterial pathogens (fecal coliform bacteria) using standard methods, while heavy metals were analyzed using atomic absorption spectrophotometry (AAS-PEA-700). In the study area, 70 % of water sources were contaminated with F. coliform representing high bacterial contamination. The heavy metals, such as Cd (29 and 8 %), Ni (16 and 78 %), and Cr (7 %), exceeded their respective safe limits of WHO (2006) and Pak-EPA (2008), respectively, in water sources, while Pb (9 %) only exceeded from WHO safe limit. The risk assessment tools such as daily intake of metals (DIMs) and health risk indexes (HRIs) were used for health risk estimation and were observed in the order of Ni > Cr > Mn > Pb > Cd and Cd > Ni > Pb > Mn > Cr, respectively. The HRI values of heavy metals for both children and adults were <1, showing lack of potential health risk to the local inhabitants of the study area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javed Nawab
- Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen, 361021, China.
- Department of Environmental and Conservation Sciences, University of Swat, Swat, 19130, Pakistan.
- Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Peshawar, Peshawar, 25120, Pakistan.
| | - Sardar Khan
- Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen, 361021, China
- Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Peshawar, Peshawar, 25120, Pakistan
| | - Sharafat Ali
- Department of Environmental and Conservation Sciences, University of Swat, Swat, 19130, Pakistan
| | - Hassan Sher
- Center for Plant Science and Biodiversity University of Swat, Swat, 19130, Pakistan
| | - Ziaur Rahman
- Department of Microbiology, Abdul Wali Khan University, Mardan, Pakistan
| | - Kifayatullah Khan
- Department of Environmental and Conservation Sciences, University of Swat, Swat, 19130, Pakistan
| | - Jianfeng Tang
- Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen, 361021, China.
| | - Aziz Ahmad
- Department of Environmental and Conservation Sciences, University of Swat, Swat, 19130, Pakistan
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Nawab J, Khan S, Aamir M, Shamshad I, Qamar Z, Din I, Huang Q. Organic amendments impact the availability of heavy metal(loid)s in mine-impacted soil and their phytoremediation by Penisitum americanum and Sorghum bicolor. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2016; 23:2381-2390. [PMID: 26411451 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-015-5458-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2015] [Accepted: 09/17/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The amendment of contaminated soil with organic materials is considered to be an environmentally friendly technique to immobilize heavy metal(loid)s and minimize their subsequent bioaccumulation in plants. This study focuses on the effects of different amendment techniques, such as the use of activated carbons (granulated or powder) and farmyard manure at various application rates (2 and 5 %). These techniques were applied on heavy metal(loid)s such as Ni, Cr, Cd, Pb, Mn, Cu, Zn, Fe, Co, and Al that were present in mine-impacted soil and caused bioaccumulation in cultivated plants. The results showed that, compared with the control, almost all the techniques significantly (P ≤ 0.01) reduced the bioavailability of heavy metal(loid)s in the amended soil. The bioaccumulation of heavy metal(loid)s in Penisitum americanum and Sorghum bicolor was significantly (P ≤ 0.01) reduced with all techniques, while Zn and Cd concentrations increased with the use of farmyard manure. Also compared with the control, plant growth was significantly decreased with the use of activated carbons, particularly with powder activated carbons, while farmyard manure (at 5 %) significantly (P ≤ 0.01) increased plant growth. Among the amendment techniques, powdered activated carbons (at 5 %) were best at reducing the bioavailability of heavy metal(loid)s in soil and plant accumulation. However, it negatively affected the growth of selected plant species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javed Nawab
- Key Laboratory of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen, China
- Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Peshawar, Peshawar, 25120, Pakistan
- Department of Environmental and Conservation Sciences, University of Swat, Swat, 19130, Pakistan
| | - Sardar Khan
- Key Laboratory of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen, China.
- Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Peshawar, Peshawar, 25120, Pakistan.
| | - Muhammad Aamir
- Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Peshawar, Peshawar, 25120, Pakistan
- Department of Environmental and Conservation Sciences, University of Swat, Swat, 19130, Pakistan
| | - Isha Shamshad
- Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Peshawar, Peshawar, 25120, Pakistan
- Department of Environmental Sciences, International Islamic University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Zahir Qamar
- Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Peshawar, Peshawar, 25120, Pakistan
| | - Islamud Din
- Department of Environmental Sciences, International Islamic University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Qing Huang
- Key Laboratory of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen, China.
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