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Zhao T, Ma A, Huang Z, Liu Z, Sun Z, Zhu L, Chang H. pparβ regulates lipid catabolism by mediating acox and cpt-1 genes in Scophthalmus maximus under heat stress. FISH PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY 2024; 50:295-305. [PMID: 38386263 DOI: 10.1007/s10695-024-01313-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/28/2024] [Indexed: 02/23/2024]
Abstract
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor β (pparβ) is a key gene-regulating lipid metabolism pathway, but its function in turbot remains unclear. In this study, the CDS of pparβ was cloned from kidney for the first time. The CDS sequence length was 1533 bp encoding 510 amino acids. Structural analysis showed that the pparβ protein contained a C4 zinc finger and HOLI domain, suggesting that the pparβ gene of turbot has high homology with the PPAR gene of other species. The high expression patterns of pparβ, acox, and cpt-1 at high temperatures, as shown through qPCR, indicated that high temperatures activated the transcriptional activity of pparβ and increased the activity of the acox and cpt-1 genes. The expression of acox and cpt-1 was significantly inhibited when pparβ was downregulated using RNAi technology and inhibitor treatments, suggesting that pparβ positively regulated acox and cpt-1 expression at high temperatures and, thus, modulates lipid catabolism activity. These results demonstrate that pparβ is involved in the regulation of lipid metabolism at high temperatures and expand a new perspective for studying the regulation of lipid metabolism in stress environments of teleost.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Zhao
- School of Fisheries, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan, 316022, China
| | - Aijun Ma
- National Key Laboratory of Mariculture Biobreeding and Sustainable Goods, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, No.106 Nanjing Road, Qingdao, 266071, China.
- Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao Marine Science and Technology Center, Qingdao, 266071, China.
| | - Zhihui Huang
- National Key Laboratory of Mariculture Biobreeding and Sustainable Goods, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, No.106 Nanjing Road, Qingdao, 266071, China
- Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao Marine Science and Technology Center, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Zhifeng Liu
- National Key Laboratory of Mariculture Biobreeding and Sustainable Goods, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, No.106 Nanjing Road, Qingdao, 266071, China
- Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao Marine Science and Technology Center, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Zhibin Sun
- National Key Laboratory of Mariculture Biobreeding and Sustainable Goods, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, No.106 Nanjing Road, Qingdao, 266071, China
- Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao Marine Science and Technology Center, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Liguang Zhu
- National Key Laboratory of Mariculture Biobreeding and Sustainable Goods, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, No.106 Nanjing Road, Qingdao, 266071, China
- Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao Marine Science and Technology Center, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Haowen Chang
- National Key Laboratory of Mariculture Biobreeding and Sustainable Goods, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, No.106 Nanjing Road, Qingdao, 266071, China
- Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao Marine Science and Technology Center, Qingdao, 266071, China
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2
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Qin P, Munang'andu HM, Xu C, Xie J. Megalocytivirus and Other Members of the Family Iridoviridae in Finfish: A Review of the Etiology, Epidemiology, Diagnosis, Prevention and Control. Viruses 2023; 15:1359. [PMID: 37376659 DOI: 10.3390/v15061359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Revised: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 06/11/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Aquaculture has expanded to become the fastest growing food-producing sector in the world. However, its expansion has come under threat due to an increase in diseases caused by pathogens such as iridoviruses commonly found in aquatic environments used for fish farming. Of the seven members belonging to the family Iridoviridae, the three genera causing diseases in fish comprise ranaviruses, lymphocystiviruses and megalocytiviruses. These three genera are serious impediments to the expansion of global aquaculture because of their tropism for a wide range of farmed-fish species in which they cause high mortality. As economic losses caused by these iridoviruses in aquaculture continue to rise, the urgent need for effective control strategies increases. As a consequence, these viruses have attracted a lot of research interest in recent years. The functional role of some of the genes that form the structure of iridoviruses has not been elucidated. There is a lack of information on the predisposing factors leading to iridovirus infections in fish, an absence of information on the risk factors leading to disease outbreaks, and a lack of data on the chemical and physical properties of iridoviruses needed for the implementation of biosecurity control measures. Thus, the synopsis put forth herein provides an update of knowledge gathered from studies carried out so far aimed at addressing the aforesaid informational gaps. In summary, this review provides an update on the etiology of different iridoviruses infecting finfish and epidemiological factors leading to the occurrence of disease outbreaks. In addition, the review provides an update on the cell lines developed for virus isolation and culture, the diagnostic tools used for virus detection and characterization, the current advances in vaccine development and the use of biosecurity in the control of iridoviruses in aquaculture. Overall, we envision that the information put forth in this review will contribute to developing effective control strategies against iridovirus infections in aquaculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pan Qin
- Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology of Fujian Province, College of Marine Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | | | - Cheng Xu
- Department of Paraclinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, 1433 Ås, Norway
| | - Jianjun Xie
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture and Enhancement of Zhejiang Province, Marine Fisheries Research Institute of Zhejiang, Zhoushan 316100, China
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Liu Y, Ge X, Li C, Xue T. Derivation and characterization of new cell line from intestine of turbot (Scophthalmus maximus). In Vitro Cell Dev Biol Anim 2023; 59:153-162. [PMID: 36809593 PMCID: PMC10073165 DOI: 10.1007/s11626-022-00746-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2022] [Accepted: 12/09/2022] [Indexed: 02/23/2023]
Abstract
A continuous intestine cell line from turbot (Scophthalmus maximus) designated as SMI was established utilizing the tissue explant technique. Primary SMI cell was cultured at 24 °C in a medium with 20% fetal bovine serum (FBS), then subcultured in 10% FBS after 10 passages. Impacts of medium or temperature on the growth of SMI were examined and the results indicated it grew well in DMEM supplemented with 10% FBS at 24 °C. The SMI cell line was subcultured more than 60 times. Karyotyping, chromosome number, and ribosomal RNA genotyping analysis revealed that SMI had a modal diploid chromosome number of 44 and originated from turbot. After being transfected with pEGFP-N1 and FAM-siRNA, a large number of green fluorescence signals were observed in SMI, indicating that SMI could be used as an ideal platform to explore gene function in vitro. In addition, the expression of epithelium-associated genes such as itga6, itgb4, gja1, claudin1, zo-1, and E-cadherin in SMI suggested the SMI had some characteristics of epidermal cells. The upregulation of immune-associated genes such as TNF-β, NF-κB, and IL-1β in SMI after stimulation with pathogen-associated molecular patterns suggested the SMI might exhibit immune functions similar to the intestinal epithelium in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiping Liu
- School of Marine Science and Engineering, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China
| | - Xuefeng Ge
- School of Marine Science and Engineering, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China
| | - Chao Li
- School of Marine Science and Engineering, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China.
| | - Ting Xue
- School of Marine Science and Engineering, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China.
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4
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Structural and functional characterization of turbot pparγ: Activation during high temperature and regulation of lipid metabolism. J Therm Biol 2022; 108:103279. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtherbio.2022.103279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2021] [Revised: 04/26/2022] [Accepted: 06/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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eIF2α Phosphorylation in Response to Nutritional Deficiency and Stressors in the Aquaculture Fish, Rachycentron canadum. JOURNAL OF MARINE SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/jmse10050709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The present study investigates the response of the marine fish cobia, Rachycentron canadum, to stressors as measured by phosphorylation of the α-subunit of the translational initiation factor, eIF2. eIF2α is the target of phosphorylation by a family of kinases that respond to a range of physiological stressors. Phosphorylation of eIF2α inhibits overall protein synthesis, but also facilitates the reprogramming of gene expression to adapt to, and recover from, stress. The deduced coding sequence of cobia eIF2α has 94% identity to both zebrafish (Danio rerio) and human eIF2α sequences with identical phosphorylation and kinase docking sites. Here we use cobia larvae and a cobia cell line derived from muscle (Cm cells) to investigate the response of cobia eIF2α to various stressors. In Cm cells, phosphorylation of eIF2α is increased by nutrient deficiency and endoplasmic reticulum stress (ER stress), consistent with the activation of the eIF2 kinases, GCN2, and PERK. In cobia juveniles, diet and water temperature affect the phosphorylation state of eIF2α. We conclude that evaluation of eIF2α phosphorylation could function as an early marker to evaluate diet, environmental stressors, and disease in cobia and may be of particular use in optimizing conditions for rearing cobia larvae and juveniles.
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Segner H, Rehberger K, Bailey C, Bo J. Assessing Fish Immunotoxicity by Means of In Vitro Assays: Are We There Yet? Front Immunol 2022; 13:835767. [PMID: 35296072 PMCID: PMC8918558 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.835767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Accepted: 02/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
There is growing awareness that a range of environmental chemicals target the immune system of fish and may compromise the resistance towards infectious pathogens. Existing concepts to assess chemical hazards to fish, however, do not consider immunotoxicity. Over recent years, the application of in vitro assays for ecotoxicological hazard assessment has gained momentum, what leads to the question whether in vitro assays using piscine immune cells might be suitable to evaluate immunotoxic potentials of environmental chemicals to fish. In vitro systems using primary immune cells or immune cells lines have been established from a wide array of fish species and basically from all immune tissues, and in principal these assays should be able to detect chemical impacts on diverse immune functions. In fact, in vitro assays were found to be a valuable tool in investigating the mechanisms and modes of action through which environmental agents interfere with immune cell functions. However, at the current state of knowledge the usefulness of these assays for immunotoxicity screening in the context of chemical hazard assessment appears questionable. This is mainly due to a lack of assay standardization, and an insufficient knowledge of assay performance with respect to false positive or false negative signals for the different toxicant groups and different immune functions. Also the predictivity of the in vitro immunotoxicity assays for the in vivo immunotoxic response of fishes is uncertain. In conclusion, the currently available database is too limited to support the routine application of piscine in vitro assays as screening tool for assessing immunotoxic potentials of environmental chemicals to fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helmut Segner
- Centre for Fish and Wildlife Health, Department of Pathobiology and Infectious Diseases, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- *Correspondence: Helmut Segner,
| | - Kristina Rehberger
- Centre for Fish and Wildlife Health, Department of Pathobiology and Infectious Diseases, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | | | - Jun Bo
- Laboratory of Marine Biology and Ecology, Third Institute of Oceanography, Xiamen, China
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7
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Yang S, Zhao T, Ma A, Huang Z, Yang J, Yuan C, Guo X, Zhu C. Heat stress-induced HSP90 expression is dependent on ERK and HSF1 activation in turbot (Scophthalmus maximus) kidney cells. Cell Stress Chaperones 2021; 26:173-185. [PMID: 33025381 PMCID: PMC7736437 DOI: 10.1007/s12192-020-01166-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2020] [Revised: 09/15/2020] [Accepted: 09/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) and heat shock proteins (HSPs) are ubiquitous proteins that are functional mediators in both normal and stressed states of the cell. In this study, we performed heat stress (37 °C) experiments on turbot kidney (TK) cells. Heat stress expression patterns of HSP90, as well as the expression and phosphorylation levels of extracellular-regulated signal kinases (ERKs) and the transcription factor HSF1 and c-Fos, were examined. The results show that heat stress activates ERK1/2 and HSF1, and induces HSP90 gene expression in TK cells. Inhibition of ERK activation attenuates heat stress-induced HSP90 gene expression. The double luciferase reporter gene experiment showed that HSF1 is an important transcription factor for heat-induced HSP90 gene expression. Likewise, c-Fos does not directly regulate the heat-induced expression of HSP90 in turbot kidney cells. To our knowledge, this is the first study to report a signaling pathway that regulates the heat shock response in turbot cells. Our results may facilitate an understanding of the underlying molecular mechanisms of the cellular stress response in marine fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuangshuang Yang
- Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, No.106 Nanjing Road, Qingdao, 266071, China
- Shandong Qilu Cell Therapy Engineering Technology Co., Ltd, Jinan, 250000, China
| | - Tingting Zhao
- Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, No.106 Nanjing Road, Qingdao, 266071, China
- College of Fisheries and Life Science, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China
| | - Aijun Ma
- Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, No.106 Nanjing Road, Qingdao, 266071, China.
| | - Zhihui Huang
- Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, No.106 Nanjing Road, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Jingkun Yang
- Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, No.106 Nanjing Road, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Chenhao Yuan
- Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, No.106 Nanjing Road, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Xiaoli Guo
- Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, No.106 Nanjing Road, Qingdao, 266071, China
- College of Fisheries and Life Science, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China
| | - Chunyue Zhu
- Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, No.106 Nanjing Road, Qingdao, 266071, China
- College of Fisheries and Life Science, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China
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8
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Kwon WJ, Yoon MJ, Jin JW, Kim KI, Kim YC, Hong S, Jeong JB, Jeong HD. Development and characterization of megalocytivirus persistently-infected cell cultures for high yield of virus. Tissue Cell 2020; 66:101387. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tice.2020.101387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2020] [Revised: 05/18/2020] [Accepted: 05/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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9
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Meena LL, Goswami M, Chaudhari A, Nagpure NS, Gireesh-Babu P, Dubey A, Das DK. Development and characterization of a new DRCF cell line from Indian wild strain zebrafish Danio rerio (Hamilton 1822). FISH PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY 2020; 46:1337-1347. [PMID: 32232614 DOI: 10.1007/s10695-020-00792-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2019] [Accepted: 03/11/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Danio rerio, zebrafish, has been widely used as a non-mammalian vertebrate model organism in various studies. The present research describes to develop and characterize a new cell line from a wild strain Indian zebrafish native to Brahmaputra River, Assam, India. The new cell line designated as DRCF was developed from the caudal fin of D. rerio. The cell line was successfully subcultured up to 31 passages. Growth studies revealed that cell growth of DRCF was optimal at 28 °C in L-15 medium supplemented with 20% FBS. Molecular characterization of the DRCF cell line using mitochondrial genes namely cytochrome oxidase subunit I gene (COI) and 16S rRNA authenticated the true origin of the cell line. The chromosome analysis of the DRCF cell line expressed its 50 diploid chromosome number of D. rerio. The immunocytochemical characterization of the cell line exhibited its fibroblastic morphology. The expression of the green fluorescent protein (GFP) following transfection revealed the suitability of the cell line for transfection studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lakan Lal Meena
- Fish Genetics & Biotechnology Division, ICAR - Central Institute of Fisheries Education, Panch Marg, Off. Yari Road, Mumbai, 400061, India
| | - Mukunda Goswami
- Fish Genetics & Biotechnology Division, ICAR - Central Institute of Fisheries Education, Panch Marg, Off. Yari Road, Mumbai, 400061, India.
| | - Aparna Chaudhari
- Fish Genetics & Biotechnology Division, ICAR - Central Institute of Fisheries Education, Panch Marg, Off. Yari Road, Mumbai, 400061, India
| | - Naresh S Nagpure
- Fish Genetics & Biotechnology Division, ICAR - Central Institute of Fisheries Education, Panch Marg, Off. Yari Road, Mumbai, 400061, India
| | - P Gireesh-Babu
- Fish Genetics & Biotechnology Division, ICAR - Central Institute of Fisheries Education, Panch Marg, Off. Yari Road, Mumbai, 400061, India
| | - Akhilesh Dubey
- Department of Biotechnology, Netaji Subhash Institute of Technology, Azad Hind Fauz Marg, Dwarka Sector-3, New Delhi, India
| | - Dhanjit Kumar Das
- Genetic Research Centre, ICMR - National Institute for Research in Reproductive Health, Parel, Mumbai, Maharashtra, 400012, India
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Huang Z, Liu X, Ma A, Wang XA, Guo X, Zhao T, Zhang J, Yang S, Xu R. Molecular cloning, characterization and expression analysis of p53 from turbot Scophthalmus maximus and its response to thermal stress. J Therm Biol 2020; 90:102560. [PMID: 32479378 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtherbio.2020.102560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2019] [Revised: 02/20/2020] [Accepted: 02/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The tumor suppressor protein, p53 plays a crucial role in protecting genetic integrity. Once activated by diverse cell stresses, p53 reversibly activates downstream target genes to regulate cell cycle and apoptosis. However, few studies have investigated the effects of thermal stress in turbot, specifically the p53 signaling pathway. In this study, the rapid amplification of cDNA ends was used to obtain a full-length cDNA of the turbot p53 gene (Sm-p53) and perform bioinformatics analysis. The results showed that the cDNA of the Sm-p53 gene was 2928 bp in length, encoded a 381 amino acid protein, with a theoretical isoelectric point of 6.73. It was composed of a DNA binding and a tetramerization domain. Expression of Sm-p53 in different tissues was detected and quantified by qRT-PCR, and was highest in the liver. We also investigated the expression profiles of Sm-p53 in different tissue and TK cells after thermal stress. These result suggested that Sm-p53 plays a key role, and provides a theoretical basis for Sm-p53 changes in environmental stress responses in the turbot.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhihui Huang
- Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China; Shandong Key Laboratory of Marine Fisheries Biotechnology and Genetic Breeding, Qingdao, 266071, China; Qingdao Key Laboratory for Marine Fish Breeding and Biotechnology, Qingdao, 266071, China; Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), Qingdao, 266237, China
| | - Xiaofei Liu
- Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China; Shandong Key Laboratory of Marine Fisheries Biotechnology and Genetic Breeding, Qingdao, 266071, China; Qingdao Key Laboratory for Marine Fish Breeding and Biotechnology, Qingdao, 266071, China; Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), Qingdao, 266237, China
| | - Aijun Ma
- Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China; Shandong Key Laboratory of Marine Fisheries Biotechnology and Genetic Breeding, Qingdao, 266071, China; Qingdao Key Laboratory for Marine Fish Breeding and Biotechnology, Qingdao, 266071, China; Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), Qingdao, 266237, China.
| | - Xin-An Wang
- Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China; Shandong Key Laboratory of Marine Fisheries Biotechnology and Genetic Breeding, Qingdao, 266071, China; Qingdao Key Laboratory for Marine Fish Breeding and Biotechnology, Qingdao, 266071, China; Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), Qingdao, 266237, China
| | - Xiaoli Guo
- Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China; Shandong Key Laboratory of Marine Fisheries Biotechnology and Genetic Breeding, Qingdao, 266071, China; Qingdao Key Laboratory for Marine Fish Breeding and Biotechnology, Qingdao, 266071, China; Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), Qingdao, 266237, China
| | - Tingting Zhao
- Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China; Shandong Key Laboratory of Marine Fisheries Biotechnology and Genetic Breeding, Qingdao, 266071, China; Qingdao Key Laboratory for Marine Fish Breeding and Biotechnology, Qingdao, 266071, China; Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), Qingdao, 266237, China
| | - Jinsheng Zhang
- Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China; Shandong Key Laboratory of Marine Fisheries Biotechnology and Genetic Breeding, Qingdao, 266071, China; Qingdao Key Laboratory for Marine Fish Breeding and Biotechnology, Qingdao, 266071, China; Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), Qingdao, 266237, China
| | - Shuangshuang Yang
- Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China; Shandong Key Laboratory of Marine Fisheries Biotechnology and Genetic Breeding, Qingdao, 266071, China; Qingdao Key Laboratory for Marine Fish Breeding and Biotechnology, Qingdao, 266071, China; Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), Qingdao, 266237, China
| | - Rongjing Xu
- Yantai Tianyuan Aquatic Limited Corporation, Yantai, 264006, China
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Gao Y, Zhou H, Gao Z, Jiang H, Wang X, Mai K, He G. Establishment and characterization of a fibroblast-like cell line from the muscle of turbot (Scophthalmus maximus L.). FISH PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY 2019; 45:1129-1139. [PMID: 30888578 DOI: 10.1007/s10695-019-00628-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2019] [Accepted: 02/26/2019] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
A continuous fibroblast-like cell line, TMF (turbot muscle fibroblasts), was established from juvenile turbot Scophthalmus maximus muscle with the method of trypsin digestion. It has been subcultured more than 60 passages for over 150 days. The TMF cells were cultured in L-15 medium supplemented with HEPES, fetal bovine serum (FBS), GlutaMAX, and basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF). The optimal temperature for TMF culture was 24 °C. TMF cells were predominantly composed of fibroblastic-like cells, and the transcription factor 4 (TCF-4) was highly expressed in TMF cells. Chromosome analysis revealed that it had a diploid chromosome number of 2n = 44. The transfection efficiency achieved 54.95 ± 6.59%, and the cell mortality rate was about 8.70% when transfected with the nucleofection method. Meanwhile, the TMF cells showed a sensitive response to amino acid levels and activation target of rapamycin (TOR) signaling pathway. These results indicate that TMF was a potential tool to explore the signal transduction of teleost in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya Gao
- Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition (Ministry of Agriculture), Ocean University of China, No. 5 Yushan Rd, Qingdao, 266003, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture (Ministry of Education), Ocean University of China, No. 5 Yushan Rd., Qingdao, 266003, People's Republic of China
| | - Huihui Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition (Ministry of Agriculture), Ocean University of China, No. 5 Yushan Rd, Qingdao, 266003, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture (Ministry of Education), Ocean University of China, No. 5 Yushan Rd., Qingdao, 266003, People's Republic of China
| | - Zongyu Gao
- Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition (Ministry of Agriculture), Ocean University of China, No. 5 Yushan Rd, Qingdao, 266003, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture (Ministry of Education), Ocean University of China, No. 5 Yushan Rd., Qingdao, 266003, People's Republic of China
| | - Haowen Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition (Ministry of Agriculture), Ocean University of China, No. 5 Yushan Rd, Qingdao, 266003, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture (Ministry of Education), Ocean University of China, No. 5 Yushan Rd., Qingdao, 266003, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition (Ministry of Agriculture), Ocean University of China, No. 5 Yushan Rd, Qingdao, 266003, People's Republic of China.
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture (Ministry of Education), Ocean University of China, No. 5 Yushan Rd., Qingdao, 266003, People's Republic of China.
| | - Kangsen Mai
- Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition (Ministry of Agriculture), Ocean University of China, No. 5 Yushan Rd, Qingdao, 266003, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture (Ministry of Education), Ocean University of China, No. 5 Yushan Rd., Qingdao, 266003, People's Republic of China
| | - Gen He
- Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition (Ministry of Agriculture), Ocean University of China, No. 5 Yushan Rd, Qingdao, 266003, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture (Ministry of Education), Ocean University of China, No. 5 Yushan Rd., Qingdao, 266003, People's Republic of China
- Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266237, China
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12
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Sun A, Zhu H, Dong Y, Wang W, Hu HX. Establishment of a novel testicular cell line from sterlet Acipenser ruthenus and evaluation of its applications. JOURNAL OF FISH BIOLOGY 2019; 94:804-809. [PMID: 30484862 DOI: 10.1111/jfb.13855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2018] [Accepted: 10/24/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
In this study, a cell line, designated as Acipenser ruthenus testis (ART), was successfully established from testis tissues of the sterlet Acipenser ruthenus and characterized by studying and comparing the expression of specific genes between the cell line and the parent gonad tissues. The results suggested that the developed ART cell line was composed of a mixture of germ cells and somatic cells. Ploidy analysis indicated that the cell line exhibited a high degree of genetic stability and that the cells remained in a good proliferating state after being subcultured to passage 80.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ai Sun
- Beijing Fisheries Research Institute & National Freshwater Fisheries Engineering Technology Research Center, Ministry of Science and Technology of China, Lab of Biological Technology and Breeding, Beijing Key Laboratory of Fishery Biotechnology, Beijing, China
| | - Hua Zhu
- Beijing Fisheries Research Institute & National Freshwater Fisheries Engineering Technology Research Center, Ministry of Science and Technology of China, Lab of Biological Technology and Breeding, Beijing Key Laboratory of Fishery Biotechnology, Beijing, China
| | - Ying Dong
- Beijing Fisheries Research Institute & National Freshwater Fisheries Engineering Technology Research Center, Ministry of Science and Technology of China, Lab of Biological Technology and Breeding, Beijing Key Laboratory of Fishery Biotechnology, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Beijing Fisheries Research Institute & National Freshwater Fisheries Engineering Technology Research Center, Ministry of Science and Technology of China, Lab of Biological Technology and Breeding, Beijing Key Laboratory of Fishery Biotechnology, Beijing, China
| | - Hong Xia Hu
- Beijing Fisheries Research Institute & National Freshwater Fisheries Engineering Technology Research Center, Ministry of Science and Technology of China, Lab of Biological Technology and Breeding, Beijing Key Laboratory of Fishery Biotechnology, Beijing, China
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Qin Y, Li X, Yang Y, Li Z, Liang Y, Zhang X, Jiang S. Toxic effects of copper sulfate on diploid and triploid fin cell lines in Misgurnus anguillicaudatus. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2018; 643:1419-1426. [PMID: 30189558 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.06.315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2018] [Revised: 06/25/2018] [Accepted: 06/26/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The effects of different concentrations of copper sulfate on diploid and triploid fin cell lines (named DIMF and TRMF, respectively) in Misgurnus anguillicaudatus were studied. The LC50 of copper sulfate estimated by an MTT assay was 268.39 in DIMF cells, and 311.54 μmol/L in TRMF cells, respectively. Activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) in DIMF cells gradually increased as the concentration of copper sulfate increased (up to 200 μmol/L), and then gradually decreased. SOD activity in triploid loach fin cells, as well as glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) and glutathione-S-transferase (GST) activity in both diploid and triploid cells, decreased as the concentration of copper sulfate increased, which suggested that excessive copper exposure at the concentrations tested in this study was detrimental to anti-oxidative capability. In general, SOD, GST and GSH-Px activity was higher in triploid fin cells than in diploid cells. DNA breaks were observed by comet assays after 24 h exposure to 400 and 800 μM copper; DNA percent in the comet's tail was lower in TRMF than in DIMF. Ultrastructurally, there were no significant differences in the organelles of both cells, although a higher number of vesicles were observed in TRMF cells after copper exposure. Pathological changes induced by copper sulfate were similar in DIMF and TRMF cells, and were indicative of cell necrosis. Results above suggested that excessive copper sulfate exposure would lead to antioxidant enzymes activity reduction, along with antioxidant defenses disruption and superoxide radicals increasing, and then to DNA damage, ultrastructural changes and necrosis features in DIMF and TRMF M. anguillicaudatus fin cells. Triploid cell lines had higher resistance to copper than their diploid counterparts especially at higher concentrations of copper due to larger cells and higher intracellular content of detoxification enzymes to resist the toxicity of heavy metals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanjie Qin
- Key Laboratory of Marine Bio-resource Restoration and Habitat Reparation in Liaoning Province, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Xia Li
- Key Laboratory of Marine Bio-resource Restoration and Habitat Reparation in Liaoning Province, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian 116023, China; Key Laboratory of Mariculture and Stock Enhancement in North China's Sea, Ministry of Agriculture, PRC, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian 116023, China.
| | - Yanjin Yang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Bio-resource Restoration and Habitat Reparation in Liaoning Province, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Zhuangzhuang Li
- Key Laboratory of Marine Bio-resource Restoration and Habitat Reparation in Liaoning Province, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Yan Liang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Bio-resource Restoration and Habitat Reparation in Liaoning Province, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Xiaoyu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Bio-resource Restoration and Habitat Reparation in Liaoning Province, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Shan Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Bio-resource Restoration and Habitat Reparation in Liaoning Province, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian 116023, China; Key Laboratory of Mariculture and Stock Enhancement in North China's Sea, Ministry of Agriculture, PRC, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian 116023, China
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14
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Liu XF, Wu YH, Wei SN, Wang N, Li PF, Li YZ, Zhang NW, Qin QW, Chen SL. Establishment and characterization of a kidney cell line from kelp grouper Epinephelus moara. FISH PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY 2018; 44:87-93. [PMID: 29214431 DOI: 10.1007/s10695-017-0415-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2017] [Accepted: 08/02/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
A novel cell line, Epinephelus moara kidney cell line (EMK), was established from kidneys of kelp grouper E. moara. Cells were cultured at 24 °C in Leibovitz's L-15 medium (L15) supplemented with antibiotics, basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF), foetal bovine serum (FBS) and 2-mercaptoethanol (2-ME). EMK cells, fibroblastic in morphology, proliferated to 100% confluency in 3-4 days and were subcultured for over 50 passages. The cells could grow from 18 to 30 °C, with optimal growth at 24 °C. Chromosome analysis indicated that the modal chromosome number was 48 in the cells at passage 42. Green fluorescent signals could be observed in EMK cells when the cells were transfected with pEGFP-N3 plasmid. Moreover, a significant cytopathic effect (CPE) was observed in the cells after infection with Singapore grouper iridovirus (SGIV) or nervous necrosis virus (NNV), and viral replication was confirmed by quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR). These results suggested the potential of the EMK cell line for studies of transgene and pathogenesis of SGIV and NNV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Feng Liu
- Key Laboratory for Sustainable Development of Marine Fisheries, Ministry of Agriculture, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, CAFS, Qingdao, 266071, China
- Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266235, China
- College of Marine Life, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Ya-Hong Wu
- Key Laboratory for Sustainable Development of Marine Fisheries, Ministry of Agriculture, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, CAFS, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Shi-Na Wei
- Key Laboratory of Marine Bio-resources Sustainable Utilization, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 164 West Xingang Road, Guangzhou, 510301, China
| | - Na Wang
- Key Laboratory for Sustainable Development of Marine Fisheries, Ministry of Agriculture, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, CAFS, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Peng-Fei Li
- Key Laboratory of Marine Bio-resources Sustainable Utilization, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 164 West Xingang Road, Guangzhou, 510301, China
| | - Yang-Zhen Li
- Key Laboratory for Sustainable Development of Marine Fisheries, Ministry of Agriculture, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, CAFS, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Nian-Wei Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Sustainable Development of Marine Fisheries, Ministry of Agriculture, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, CAFS, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Qi-Wei Qin
- Key Laboratory of Marine Bio-resources Sustainable Utilization, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 164 West Xingang Road, Guangzhou, 510301, China
| | - Song-Lin Chen
- Key Laboratory for Sustainable Development of Marine Fisheries, Ministry of Agriculture, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, CAFS, Qingdao, 266071, China.
- Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266235, China.
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Wang R, Zhang N, Wang R, Wang S, Wang N. Two skin cell lines from wild-type and albino Japanese flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus): establishment, characterization, virus susceptibility, efficient transfection, and application to albinism study. FISH PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY 2017; 43:1477-1486. [PMID: 28698966 DOI: 10.1007/s10695-017-0386-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2016] [Accepted: 05/17/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
In order to provide an applicable cell platform to study fish pathology and skin pigmentation, two cell lines derived from skin tissues of wild-type and albino Japanese flounder were established and named JFSK_wt and JFSK_alb, respectively. These two cell lines were cultured for 45 passages within approximately 300 days. JFSK_wt and JFSK_alb cells were maintained in Dulbecco's Modified Eagle's Medium and Ham's F-12 Nutrient Mixture (DMEM/F12) supplemented with antibiotics, fetal bovine serum (FBS), 2-mercaptoethanol (2-Me), N-2-hydroxyethylpiperazine-N'-2-ethanesulfonic acid (HEPES), and basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF). The optimal growth temperature for JFSK_wt and JFSK_alb cells was 24 °C, and microscopically, the two cell lines were composed of fibroblast-like cells. Chromosomal analysis revealed that JFSK_wt and JFSK_alb cells had an identical diploid karyotype with 2n = 48t. Results of viral inoculation assays revealed that both cell lines shared similar patterns of viral susceptibility to nervous necrosis virus (NNV). High transfection efficiency was observed in JFSK_wt and JFSK_alb cells transfected with a pEGFP-N3 reporter plasmid and Cy3-siRNA. The detection of dermal marker Dermo-1 showed that these two cells were both derived from the dermis. Finally, three genes involved in the melanogenesis pathway, including adenylate cyclase type 5 (adcy5), microphthalmia-associated transcription factor (mitf), and endothelin B receptor (ednrb), were downregulated in JFSK_alb versus JFSK_wt cells. Thus, the two cell lines, sampled from skin tissue of wild-type and albino Japanese flounder will be not only helpful for fish pathogen research but also beneficial for albinism-related gene function studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruoqing Wang
- Key Laboratory for Sustainable Development of Marine Fisheries, Ministry of Agriculture, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, 106 Nanjing Road, Qingdao, 266071, China
- College of Fisheries and Life Science, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China
| | - Nianwei Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Sustainable Development of Marine Fisheries, Ministry of Agriculture, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, 106 Nanjing Road, Qingdao, 266071, China
- College of Fisheries and Life Science, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China
| | - Renkai Wang
- Key Laboratory for Sustainable Development of Marine Fisheries, Ministry of Agriculture, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, 106 Nanjing Road, Qingdao, 266071, China
- College of Fisheries and Life Science, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China
| | - Shengpeng Wang
- Key Laboratory for Sustainable Development of Marine Fisheries, Ministry of Agriculture, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, 106 Nanjing Road, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Na Wang
- Key Laboratory for Sustainable Development of Marine Fisheries, Ministry of Agriculture, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, 106 Nanjing Road, Qingdao, 266071, China.
- Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266235, China.
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Oh SY, Nishizawa T. Multiple Passages of Grunt Fin Cells Persistently Infected with Red Seabream Iridovirus (RSIV) at 15ºC or 30ºC to Yield Uninfected Cells. JOURNAL OF AQUATIC ANIMAL HEALTH 2016; 28:214-221. [PMID: 27737618 DOI: 10.1080/08997659.2016.1208120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Red seabream iridovirus (RSIV), a member within genus Megalocytivirus (Iridoviridae), causes serious economic losses to marine fish aquaculture industry in East Asia. In this study, we established a Blue Striped Grunt Haemulon sciurus fin (grunt fin; GF) cell line persistently infected with RSIV (PI-GFRSIV) by subculturing GF cells that survived RSIV inoculation. PI-GFRSIV cells were morphologically indistinguishable from naive GF cells. They could stably produce RSIV at approximately 104.9 ± 0.5 genomes per microliter after 24 passages over 18 months. The optimum temperature to produce RSIV in PI-GFRSIV cells was 25°C. These cells also produced RSIV at 15, 20, and 30°C with multiple subcultures. The amount of RSIV yielded from PI-GFRSIV cells decreased gradually by multiple subculturing at 15°C or 30°C. Red seabream iridovirus was no longer detected from PI-GFRSIV cells after subcultures at these temperatures. These PI-GFRSIV cells freed from RSIV infection exhibited a level of RSIV productivity similar to those of naive GF cells after inoculation with RSIV. Therefore, we consider that these PI-GFRSIV cells were no longer infected with RSIV after multiple subculturing at 15°C or 30°C. Received October 15, 2015; accepted June 27, 2016.
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Affiliation(s)
- So-Young Oh
- a Department of Aqualife Medicine , Chonnam National University , Daehak-ro 50, Yeosu 59626 , South Korea
| | - Toyohiko Nishizawa
- a Department of Aqualife Medicine , Chonnam National University , Daehak-ro 50, Yeosu 59626 , South Korea
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17
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Establishment of rock bream Oplegnathus fasciatus embryo (RoBE-4) cells with cytolytic infection of red seabream iridovirus (RSIV). J Virol Methods 2016; 238:1-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jviromet.2016.09.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2016] [Revised: 09/26/2016] [Accepted: 09/26/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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18
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Ribas L, Robledo D, Gómez-Tato A, Viñas A, Martínez P, Piferrer F. Comprehensive transcriptomic analysis of the process of gonadal sex differentiation in the turbot (Scophthalmus maximus). Mol Cell Endocrinol 2016; 422:132-149. [PMID: 26586209 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2015.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2015] [Revised: 11/03/2015] [Accepted: 11/03/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
The turbot is a flatfish with a ZW/ZZ sex determination system but with a still unknown sex determining gene(s), and with a marked sexual growth dimorphism in favor of females. To better understand sexual development in turbot we sampled young turbot encompassing the whole process of gonadal differentiation and conducted a comprehensive transcriptomic study on its sex differentiation using a validated custom oligomicroarray. Also, the expression profiles of 18 canonical reproduction-related genes were studied along gonad development. The expression levels of gonadal aromatase cyp19a1a alone at three months of age allowed the accurate and early identification of sex before the first signs of histological differentiation. A total of 56 differentially expressed genes (DEG) that had not previously been related to sex differentiation in fish were identified within the first three months of age, of which 44 were associated with ovarian differentiation (e.g., cd98, gpd1 and cry2), and 12 with testicular differentiation (e.g., ace, capn8 and nxph1). To identify putative sex determining genes, ∼4.000 DEG in juvenile gonads were mapped and their positions compared with that of previously identified sex- and growth-related quantitative trait loci (QTL). Although no genes mapped to the previously identified sex-related QTLs, two genes (foxl2 and 17βhsd) of the canonical reproduction-related genes mapped to growth-QTLs in linkage group (LG) 15 and LG6, respectively, suggesting that these genes are related to the growth dimorphism in this species.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Ribas
- Institut de Ciències del Mar, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), 08003, Barcelona, Spain
| | - D Robledo
- Departamento de Genética. Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, 27002, Lugo, Spain
| | - A Gómez-Tato
- Departamento de Matemática Aplicada, Facultad de Matemáticas, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, 15781, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - A Viñas
- Departamento de Genética. Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, 27002, Lugo, Spain
| | - P Martínez
- Departamento de Genética. Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, 27002, Lugo, Spain
| | - F Piferrer
- Institut de Ciències del Mar, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), 08003, Barcelona, Spain.
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19
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Sun A, Chen SL, Gao FT, Li HL, Liu XF, Wang N, Sha ZX. Establishment and characterization of a gonad cell line from half-smooth tongue sole Cynoglossus semilaevis pseudomale. FISH PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY 2015; 41:673-83. [PMID: 25724869 DOI: 10.1007/s10695-015-0037-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2015] [Accepted: 02/20/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
A new cell line was established from half-smooth tongue sole Cynoglossus semilaevis pseudomale gonad (CSPMG). Primary culture was initiated from gonad tissues pieces, and the CSPMG cells were cultured at 24 °C in Dulbecco's modified Eagle medium/F12 medium (1:1) (pH7.0), supplemented with 20 % fetal bovine serum, basic fibroblast growth factor, epidermal growth factor, insulin-like growth factor-I, 2-mercaptoethanol, penicillin and streptomycin. The cultured CSPMG cells, in fibroblast shape, proliferated to 100 % confluency 10 days later and had been subcultured to passage 109. Chromosome analyses indicated that the CSPMG cells exhibited chromosomal aneuploidy with a modal chromosome number of 42, which displayed the normal diploid karyotype of half-smooth tongue sole (2n = 42t, NF = 42). Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction revealed CSPMG cells could express gonad somatic cell functional genes Sox9a, Wt1a and weakly germ cell marker gene Vasa, but not male specific gene Dmrt1. Transfection experiment demonstrated that CSPMG cells transfected with pEGFP-N3 plasmid and small RNA could express green and red fluorescence signals with high transfection efficiency. In conclusion, a continuous CSPMG cell line has been established successfully. The cell line might serve as a valuable tool for studies on the mechanism of sex determination, sex reversal and gonad development in flatfish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ai Sun
- Key Lab of Sustainable Development of Marine Fisheries, Ministry of Agriculture, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China
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20
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Sun A, Wang TZ, Wang N, Liu XF, Sha ZX, Chen SL. Establishment and characterization of an ovarian cell line from half-smooth tongue sole Cynoglossus semilaevis. JOURNAL OF FISH BIOLOGY 2015; 86:46-59. [PMID: 25359438 DOI: 10.1111/jfb.12535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2014] [Accepted: 08/14/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
A new ovarian cell line, CSO, was established from half-smooth tongue sole Cynoglossus semilaevis. Primary culture of CSO cells was initiated from digestion of ovarian tissues pieces by trypsin solution and cultured at 24° C in Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium-F12 medium (DMEM-F12, 1:1) (pH 7·0), supplemented with 20% foetal bovine serum, basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF), epidermal growth factor (EGF), insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) and human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG). The cultured CSO cells, fibroblastic in morphology, proliferated to 100% confluency 3 days later and had been subcultured to passage 80. Chromosome analyses indicated that the CSO cells exhibited chromosomal aneuploidy with a modal chromosome number of 42 that displayed the normal diploid karyotype of C. semilaevis [2n = 42 t, fundamental number (NF ) = 42]. Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction revealed that CSO cells could express ovarian somatic cell functional genes p450armo, foxl2 and sox9a but not ovary germ cell marker gene vasa and male-specific gene dmrt1. Transfection experiment demonstrated that CSO cells transfected with pEGFP-N3 plasmid could express green fluorescence protein (GFP) with higher transfection efficiency. The CSO cell line might serve as a valuable tool for studies on the mechanism of sex determination and oogenesis of ovary in flatfish.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Sun
- Key Lab of Sustainable Development of Marine Fisheries, Ministry of Agriculture, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China
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21
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Wang N, Wang X, Yang C, Zhao X, Zhang Y, Wang T, Chen S. Molecular cloning and multifunctional characterization of GRIM-19 (gene associated with retinoid-interferon-induced mortality 19) homologue from turbot (Scophthalmus maximus). DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2014; 43:96-105. [PMID: 24239557 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2013.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2013] [Revised: 11/05/2013] [Accepted: 11/06/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
GRIM-19 (gene associated with retinoid-interferon-induced mortality 19), a novel cell death regulatory gene, plays important roles in cell apoptosis, embryogenesis, mitochondrial respiratory chain and immune response. To date, little information is known about fish GRIM-19 characteristics except orange-spotted grouper (Epinephelus coioides). Here a new GRIM-19 gene is identified and characterized from turbot (Scophthalmus maximus), an economic marine fish in China and Europe. Briefly, turbot GRIM-19 is a 595-bp gene encoding a 144 amino acids protein, which shares the closest relationship with Atlantic halibut (Hippoglossus hippoglossus). The expression of turbot grim-19 in liver, spleen and kidney is up-regulated by the infection of Vibrio anguillarum and LCDV (lymphocystis disease virus). Subsequently, a recombinant protein of turbot GRIM-19 is acquired and the anti-bacterial function is proved by liquid culture inhibition experiment. The subcellular location indicates that turbot GRIM-19 is co-localized with STAT3 in the cytoplasm, which is mainly determined by GRIM-19 41-84 amino acids and STAT3 1-321 amino acids. Finally, the involvements of turbot GRIM-19 in cell apoptosis and NF-κB pathway are investigated. All these data help to understand GRIM-19 function in fish, as well as provide the application possibility of GRIM-19 in fish disease resistance breeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Wang
- Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Xianli Wang
- Sarite Center for Stem Cell Engineering Translational Medicine, East Hospital, Stem Cell Research Center, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200120, China
| | - Changgeng Yang
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Biodiversity Conservation and Utilization of Ministry of Agriculture, Yangtze River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuhan 430223, China
| | - Xiaojie Zhao
- Weifang Marine Environment Monitoring Central Station of State Oceanic Administration, Weifang 261041, China
| | - Yuxi Zhang
- Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
| | - Tianzi Wang
- Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Songlin Chen
- Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China.
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Wang N, Wang XL, Yang CG, Chen SL. Molecular cloning, subcelluar location and expression profile of signal transducer and activator of transcription 2 (STAT2) from turbot, Scophthalmus maximus. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2013; 35:1200-1208. [PMID: 23933433 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2013.07.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2013] [Revised: 07/17/2013] [Accepted: 07/17/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Signal transducer and activator of transcription 2 (STAT2) is an important molecule involved in the type I interferon signalling pathway. To date, little STAT2 homologue is available in fish except Atlantic salmon and goldfish. In this paper, STAT2 was firstly cloned and characterized from turbot, a marine flatfish with high economic value. Briefly, turbot STAT2 cDNA is 3206 bp in length encoding a predicted protein of 793 amino acids. The phylogenetic tree shows that turbot STAT2 protein shared the closest relationship with Atlantic salmon. Analysis of subcellular distribution indicates that STAT2 is mainly present in the cytoplasm of TK cells. Stat2 mRNA is constitutively expressed in widespread tissues and induced by several folds in turbot tissues and TK cells after stimulation with Vibrio anguillarum and lymphocystis disease virus (LCDV). Unlike the higher vertebrate STAT2, turbot STAT2 nuclear export signal (NES) exists not in the C-terminal 79 amino acids but in N-terminal 137-312 amino acids (STAT_alpha domain). The nuclear translocation of turbot STAT2 after Poly(I:C) treatment proved its transcription activity in TK cells. All these results suggested that STAT2 may be involved in the immune response in turbot as a transcription factor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Wang
- Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fisheries Sciences, 106 Nanjing Road, Qingdao 266071, China
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23
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Ito T, Yoshiura Y, Kamaishi T, Yoshida K, Nakajima K. Prevalence of red sea bream iridovirus among organs of Japanese amberjack (Seriola quinqueradiata) exposed to cultured red sea bream iridovirus. J Gen Virol 2013; 94:2094-2101. [DOI: 10.1099/vir.0.052902-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Red sea bream iridovirus (RSIV) is a representative of the genus Megalocytivirus which causes severe disease to aquaculture fish, mainly in Japan and South-east Asia. However, information to assess the viral kinetics of RSIV in fish is limited since reports on experimental infection by the immersion route, which is the natural infection route, are scarce. In this study, a method to evaluate the titre of RSIV was first developed. Experimental infections were continuously performed using RSIV cell culture as the inoculum to juvenile Japanese amberjack (Seriola quinqueradiata) (initial body weight 12.2 g) by immersion at three different concentrations. In addition, to investigate the prevalence of the virus among the organs of experimentally infected fish, viral DNA was measured at selected times by the real-time PCR method following viral inoculation by immersion. The developed titration method showed a 102 increase in sensitivity compared with the conventional method. We demonstrated that grunt fin cells can be used for continuous passage of RSIV. In the experimental infection, fish which were intraperitoneally injected with the RSIV cell culture or immersed with RSIV cell culture at 10−2 and 10−3 dilutions showed cumulative mortalities of 100 %. The results of measurements of the viral DNA of several organs from infected fish strongly suggest that the spleen is the target organ of RSIV in Japanese amberjack. Since the viral genome was detected from all the tested organs of two of five surviving fish which appeared to completely recover from the disease, it is suggested that these fish may become carriers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takafumi Ito
- Tamaki Laboratory, Aquatic Animal Health Division, National Research Institute of Aquaculture, Fisheries Research Agency, 224-1 Hiruta, Tamaki, Mie 519-0423, Japan
| | - Yasutoshi Yoshiura
- Tamaki Laboratory, Aquatic Animal Health Division, National Research Institute of Aquaculture, Fisheries Research Agency, 224-1 Hiruta, Tamaki, Mie 519-0423, Japan
| | - Takashi Kamaishi
- Aquatic Animal Health Division, National Research Institute of Aquaculture, Fisheries Research Agency, Minami-Ise, Mie 516-0193, Japan
| | - Kazunori Yoshida
- Goto Laboratory, Seikai National Fisheries Research Institute, Fisheries Research Agency, 122-7 Nunoura, Tamanoura-cho, Goto, Nagasaki 853-0508, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Nakajima
- National Research Institute of Aquaculture, Fisheries Research Agency, 422-1 Nakatsuhamaura, Minami-Ise, Mie 516-0193, Japan
- Japan Sea National Fisheries Research Institute, Fisheries Research Agency, 1-5939-22 Suido-cho, Chuou-ku, Niigata, Niigata 951-8121, Japan
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Ribas L, Pardo BG, Fernández C, Alvarez-Diós JA, Gómez-Tato A, Quiroga MI, Planas JV, Sitjà-Bobadilla A, Martínez P, Piferrer F. A combined strategy involving Sanger and 454 pyrosequencing increases genomic resources to aid in the management of reproduction, disease control and genetic selection in the turbot (Scophthalmus maximus). BMC Genomics 2013; 14:180. [PMID: 23497389 PMCID: PMC3700835 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2164-14-180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2012] [Accepted: 02/27/2013] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Genomic resources for plant and animal species that are under exploitation primarily for human consumption are increasingly important, among other things, for understanding physiological processes and for establishing adequate genetic selection programs. Current available techniques for high-throughput sequencing have been implemented in a number of species, including fish, to obtain a proper description of the transcriptome. The objective of this study was to generate a comprehensive transcriptomic database in turbot, a highly priced farmed fish species in Europe, with potential expansion to other areas of the world, for which there are unsolved production bottlenecks, to understand better reproductive- and immune-related functions. This information is essential to implement marker assisted selection programs useful for the turbot industry. Results Expressed sequence tags were generated by Sanger sequencing of cDNA libraries from different immune-related tissues after several parasitic challenges. The resulting database (“Turbot 2 database”) was enlarged with sequences generated from a 454 sequencing run of brain-hypophysis-gonadal axis-derived RNA obtained from turbot at different development stages. The assembly of Sanger and 454 sequences generated 52,427 consensus sequences (“Turbot 3 database”), of which 23,661 were successfully annotated. A total of 1,410 sequences were confirmed to be related to reproduction and key genes involved in sex differentiation and maturation were identified for the first time in turbot (AR, AMH, SRY-related genes, CYP19A, ZPGs, STAR FSHR, etc.). Similarly, 2,241 sequences were related to the immune system and several novel key immune genes were identified (BCL, TRAF, NCK, CD28 and TOLLIP, among others). The number of genes of many relevant reproduction- and immune-related pathways present in the database was 50–90% of the total gene count of each pathway. In addition, 1,237 microsatellites and 7,362 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were also compiled. Further, 2,976 putative natural antisense transcripts (NATs) including microRNAs were also identified. Conclusions The combined sequencing strategies employed here significantly increased the turbot genomic resources available, including 34,400 novel sequences. The generated database contains a larger number of genes relevant for reproduction- and immune-associated studies, with an excellent coverage of most genes present in many relevant physiological pathways. This database also allowed the identification of many microsatellites and SNP markers that will be very useful for population and genome screening and a valuable aid in marker assisted selection programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laia Ribas
- Institut de Ciències del Mar, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Barcelona, Spain
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Yang CG, Liu SS, Sun B, Wang XL, Wang N, Chen SL. Iron-metabolic function and potential antibacterial role of Hepcidin and its correlated genes (Ferroportin 1 and Transferrin Receptor) in turbot (Scophthalmus maximus). FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2013; 34:744-755. [PMID: 23274081 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2012.11.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2012] [Revised: 11/27/2012] [Accepted: 11/27/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Antimicrobial peptide plays an important role in fish immunity. The small molecular antimicrobial peptide Hepcidin in turbot was studied and reported in this paper. The Ferroportin 1 (FPN1) and Transferrin Receptor (TFR) genes, which are related to Hepcidin, were cloned in turbot. The characteristics of Hepcidin and its related genes were studied, including an analysis of the expression patterns and cloning of the Hepcidin promoter, the relationship between Hepcidin and NF-κB and the regulation of iron-metabolism. The results showed that the promoter of SmHepcidin contains the binding sites of NF-κB, and NF-κB may directly or indirectly receive feedback signals from SmHepcidin. In the liver, spleen and kidney, in which there was an increased SmHepcidin expression level, SmFPN1 dramatically decreased and SmTFR was also either decreased or exhibited no obvious change after bacterial/viral infection and an injection of exogenous Hepcidin protein. RNAi experiments in turbot kidney cells confirmed the expression changes of these gene patterns. Furthermore, the administration of exogenous Hepcidin protein, which regulates the level of chelatable iron in cells, further confirmed the function of Hepcidin in iron metabolism. It is speculated that the rapidly increased expression of SmHepcidin may induce changes in the expression of related genes, and that the in vivo chelatable iron concentration which participates in the antibacterial process was also changed when exogenous pathogens are present in turbot. It is suggested that SmHepcidin plays a defensive role against pathogenic infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang-Geng Yang
- Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fisheries Sciences, 106 Nanjing Road, Qingdao 266071, Shandong, China
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Zhang B, Wang X, Sha Z, Yang C, Liu S, Wang N, Chen SL. Establishment and characterization of a testicular cell line from the half-smooth tongue sole, Cynoglossus semilaevis. Int J Biol Sci 2011; 7:452-9. [PMID: 21547062 PMCID: PMC3088287 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.7.452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2011] [Accepted: 04/10/2011] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Spermatogenesis within the adult testis is an excellent system for studying stem cell renewal and differentiation, which is under the control of testicular somatic cells. In order to understanding spermatogenesis in the half-smooth tongue sole (Cynoglossus semilaevis) as a marine fish model of aquaculture importance, we established a cell line called CSGC from a juvenile gonad of this organism. CSGC is composed of fibroblast-like cells, retains a diploid karyotype of 42 chromosomes, lacks the heterogametic W chromosome, lacks a female specific marker and expresses the dmrt, a marker for testicular somatic cells. Therefore, CSGC appears to consist of testicular somatic cell cells. We show that this cell line is effective for infection by the turbot reddish body iridovirus and flounder lymphocystis disease virus as evidenced by the appearance of cytopathic effect and virus propagation in the virus-infected cells, and most convincingly, the observation of viral particles by electon microscopy, demonstrateing that CSGC is suitable to study interactions between virus and host cells. As a first fish testicular somatic cell line of the ZZ-ZW genetic sex determination system, CSGC will be a useful tool to study sex-related events and interactions between somatic cells and germ cells during spermatogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Zhang
- Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fisheries Sciences, Qingdao, China, 266071
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Yang CG, Wang XL, Wang L, Zhang B, Chen SL. A new Akirin1 gene in turbot (Scophthalmus maximus): molecular cloning, characterization and expression analysis in response to bacterial and viral immunological challenge. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2011; 30:1031-1041. [PMID: 21300161 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2011.01.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2010] [Revised: 01/29/2011] [Accepted: 01/30/2011] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
SmAkirin1, a member of the NF-κB signaling pathway, was isolated from turbot by RACE. Its cDNA was 564 bp and encoded a putative protein of 187 amino acids with a predicted molecular mass of 21 kDa and an isoelectric point (pI) of 9.05. Amino acid sequence alignments showed that SmAkirin1 was 91% identical to the Salvelinus alpinus Akirin1 protein ACV49694. Transient expression of SmAkirin1-GFP in the turbot kidney cell line SMKC revealed a nuclear localization of the protein, and a typical NLS signal was found at the N-terminal region of the SmAkirin1 protein. Trans-activation assay in yeast demonstrated that SmAkirin1 has no transcriptional activation. Transcriptional analysis showed that SmAkirin1 was expressed in all of the tissues examined, with the highest expression in the spleen and brain. Real-time quantitative reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction analysis showed that the SmAkirin1 transcript was induced by bacterial and viral infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang-Geng Yang
- Department of Marine Biology, Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao 266003, China
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