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Sañudo B, Sánchez-Oliver AJ, Fernández-Gavira J, Gaser D, Stöcker N, Peralta M, Marques A, Papakonstantinou S, Nicolini C, Sitzberger C. Physical and Psychosocial Benefits of Sports Participation Among Children and Adolescents with Chronic Diseases: A Systematic Review. SPORTS MEDICINE - OPEN 2024; 10:54. [PMID: 38750266 PMCID: PMC11096140 DOI: 10.1186/s40798-024-00722-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 05/01/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study aims to identify sports interventions for children and adolescents (CaA) with chronic diseases and evaluate their impact on physical, psychological, and social well-being. The findings of this study will contribute to our understanding of the potential benefits of sports interventions for CaA with chronic diseases and inform future interventions to promote their overall health and well-being. METHODS A systematic review was conducted in eight databases. This systematic review followed PRISMA guidelines and utilized a comprehensive search strategy to identify studies on sport-based interventions for CaA with chronic diseases. The review included randomized controlled trials and observational studies that focused on physical and psychosocial outcomes. RESULTS We screened 10,123 titles and abstracts, reviewed the full text of 622 records, and included 52 primary studies. A total of 2352 participants were assessed with an average of 45 ± 37 participants per study. Among the included studies involving CaA with chronic diseases with an age range from 3 to 18 years, 30% (n = 15) autism spectrum disorders, 21% (n = 11) cerebral palsy, 19% (n = 10) were attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, and 17% (n = 9) obesity. Other diseases included were cancer (n = 5), asthma (n = 1) and cystic fibrosis (n = 1). Interventions involved various sports and physical activities tailored to each chronic disease. The duration and frequency of interventions varied across studies. Most studies assessed physical outcomes, including motor performance and physical fitness measures. Psychosocial outcomes were also evaluated, focusing on behavioural problems, social competencies, and health-related quality of life. CONCLUSION Overall, sport-based interventions effectively improved physical and psychosocial outcomes in CaA with chronic diseases. Interventions are generally safe, and participants adhere to the prescribed protocols favorably. Despite that, there is little evidence that interventions are being implemented. Future studies should include interventions tailored to meet the common issues experienced by CaA with chronic conditions, providing a comprehensive understanding of the impact of sports interventions on those affected. REGISTRATION The methodology for this review was pre-determined and registered in the PROSPERO database (registration number: CRD42023397172).
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Affiliation(s)
- Borja Sañudo
- Department of Physical Education and Sport, University of Seville, Seville, Spain
| | | | | | - Dominik Gaser
- Chair of Preventive Pediatrics, Department of Sport and Health Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Nicola Stöcker
- CRETHIDEV. Creative Thinking Development, Attiki, Greece
| | - Miguel Peralta
- CIPER, Faculdade de Motricidade Humana, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
- Faculdade de Medicina, ISAMB, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Adilson Marques
- CIPER, Faculdade de Motricidade Humana, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
- Faculdade de Medicina, ISAMB, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | | | - Chiara Nicolini
- CEIPES. Centro Internazionale per la Promozione dell'Educazione e lo Sviluppo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Christina Sitzberger
- Department of Sport and Health Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
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Freire K, Pope R, Size I, Andrews K, Fitz-Gerald E, Bowman T. Social exercise interventions for children who have complex developmental needs: A systematic review. J Child Health Care 2023:13674935231190984. [PMID: 37471588 DOI: 10.1177/13674935231190984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/22/2023]
Abstract
Exercise interventions are identified as effective treatments for children not meeting developmental milestones. This systematic review synthesizes research regarding exercise interventions that involved social participatory elements, for children with complex developmental needs. Academic Search Complete, CINAHL, Emcare, Proquest Theses and Dissertations, MEDLINE, and Google Scholar were searched systematically for relevant studies. Peer-reviewed studies meeting the review aim and published between 2000 and 2021 in English, were included. Methodological quality of 49 eligible studies (47 controlled trials, two mixed methods, total of 2355 participants) was appraised using the Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool. Narrative synthesis identified two groups of studies: Group 1 incorporated intentional social participatory elements; Group 2 likely involved incidental social participation. Most studies were of moderate to low methodological quality. Few measured impacts of interventions upon total physical activity levels. Short-term improvements in physical outcomes - particularly motor skills - were most frequently reported and were the main benefit of social exercise interventions for children with complex developmental needs, for which evidence exists. Further rigorous, longitudinal research is needed to assess social, psychological, and executive function outcomes of social exercise interventions in this population. Such interventions should incorporate booster sessions to provide children with greater opportunity to meet developmental milestones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kate Freire
- Three Rivers Department of Rural Health, Charles Sturt University, Albury, NSW, Australia
| | - Rod Pope
- School of Allied Health, Exercise and Sports Sciences, Charles Sturt University, Albury, NSW, Australia
| | - Isabella Size
- Child and Family Services, Royal Far West, Manly, NSW, Australia
| | - Kristen Andrews
- School of Allied Health, Exercise and Sports Sciences, Charles Sturt University, Albury, NSW, Australia
| | - Emma Fitz-Gerald
- Child and Family Services, Royal Far West, Manly, NSW, Australia
| | - Tricia Bowman
- Division of Library Services, Charles Sturt University, Albury, NSW, Australia
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Ji YQ, Tian H, Zheng ZY, Ye ZY, Ye Q. Effectiveness of exercise intervention on improving fundamental motor skills in children with autism spectrum disorder: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Front Psychiatry 2023; 14:1132074. [PMID: 37377477 PMCID: PMC10291092 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1132074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a severe public health concern, and most of the children with ASD experience a substantial delay in FMS. This study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of exercise interventions in improving FMS in children with ASD, and provide evidence to support the scientific use of exercise interventions in practice. Methods We searched seven online databases (PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, Embase, EBSCO, Clinical Trials, and The Cochrane Library) from inception to May 20, 2022. We included randomized control trials of exercise interventions for FMS in children with ASD. The methodological quality of the included studies was assessed using the Physiotherapy Evidence Database Scale. Stata 14.0 software was used for meta-analysis, forest plotting, subgroup analysis, heterogeneity analysis, and meta-regression. Results Thirteen studies underwent systematic review (541 participants), of which 10 underwent meta-analysis (297 participants). Overall, exercise interventions significantly improved overall FMS in children with ASD. Regarding the three categories of FMS, exercise interventions significantly improved LMS (SMD = 1.07; 95% CI 0.73 to 1.41, p < 0.001), OCS (SMD = 0.79; 95% CI 0.32 to 1.26, p = 0.001), and SS (SMD = 0.72; 95% CI 0.45 to 0.98, p < 0.0001). Conclusion exercise interventions can effectively improve the FMS of children with ASD. The effects on LMS are considered as large effect sizes, while the effects on OCS and SS are considered as moderate effect sizes. These findings can inform clinical practice. Systematic review registration https://inplasy.com/inplasy-2022-12-0013/.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Qin Ji
- School of Sport and Health, Nanjing Sport Institute, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Hao Tian
- School of Physical Education and Humanities, Nanjing Sport Institute, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- Department of Sport, Gdansk University of Physical Education and Sport, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Ze-Yu Zheng
- School of Sport and Health, Nanjing Sport Institute, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhuo-Yan Ye
- Nanjing Foreign Language School Xianlin Campus, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Qiang Ye
- School of Physical Education and Humanities, Nanjing Sport Institute, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
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Salvador-Garcia C, Valverde-Esteve T, Chiva-Bartoll O, Maravé-Vivas M. Dynamic balance improvement in children with Autism Spectrum Disorder after an extracurricular Service-Learning Physical Education program. Dev Neurorehabil 2023; 26:18-26. [PMID: 36191252 DOI: 10.1080/17518423.2022.2131922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to examine the acute changes in dynamic balance Postural Control experienced by children with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) who undertook a 6-month extracurricular Service-Learning Physical Education (PE) program. The study used a quasi-experimental design with 23 participants divided into an experimental group and a control group. Limits of Stability protocol was used to measure the children's postural control. The results showed that the experimental group achieved statistically significant improvements. To conclude, this study provides substantial input about how extracurricular PE activities aimed at developing the general motor proficiency of ASD children can improve their dynamic balance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Celina Salvador-Garcia
- Department of Pedagogy and Didactics of the Social Sciences, Language and Literature, Universitat Jaume I, 12071 Castellón, Spain
| | - Teresa Valverde-Esteve
- Department of Didactics of Music, Visual and Body Expression, University of Valencia, 46022 Valencia, Spain
| | - Oscar Chiva-Bartoll
- Department of Education and Specific Didactics, Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, Universitat Jaume I, 12071 Castellón, Spain
| | - María Maravé-Vivas
- Department of Education and Specific Didactics, Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, Universitat Jaume I, 12071 Castellón, Spain
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Does Symptom Severity Moderate the Relationship Between Body Mass Index and Motor Competence in Children With Autism Spectrum Disorders? An Exploratory Study. Adapt Phys Activ Q 2022; 39:341-355. [PMID: 35418514 DOI: 10.1123/apaq.2021-0163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Revised: 01/13/2022] [Accepted: 01/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
To date, there has been little research considering both autism spectrum disorder (ASD) symptom severity and motor impairment simultaneously when investigating their associations with obesity. This study was designed to identify the moderating role of symptom severity in the relationship between motor competence and overweight/obesity for children with ASD. Seventy-eight children with a clinical diagnosis were recruited from a large autism rehabilitation center in Wuhan, China. Chi-square, partial correlation, and moderation regression analyses revealed that the prevalence of overweight and obesity was similar regardless of symptom severity. Balance was the only motor skill that correlated with body mass index. Furthermore, symptom severity significantly moderated the correlation. Children with low autism severity might be more likely to demonstrate the relationship between balance and body mass index than those with high autism severity. Combating obesity by enhancing motor competence should cautiously consider personal and environment factors such as individual severity of ASD.
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Cheung WC, Meadan H, Xia Y. A Longitudinal Analysis of the Relationships Between Social, Communication, and Motor Skills Among Students with Autism. J Autism Dev Disord 2021; 52:4505-4518. [PMID: 34677754 DOI: 10.1007/s10803-021-05328-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/09/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Many students with autism have difficulties engaging with their classroom environments and forming friendships, which are mostly affected by deficits in social, communication, and motor skills. The Special Education Elementary Longitudinal Study (SEELS, 2000) data set was used, focusing on elementary age students with autism, to explore the longitudinal relationships between social, communication, and motor skills and the mediating role of motor skills in between communication and social skills by using structural equational modeling analyses. Results show that (a) motor skills mediate the relationship between communication and social skills in elementary school, (b) there are significant longitudinal relationships among these skills in elementary school. Increased motor skills may improve social skills for students with autism in elementary school.
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Affiliation(s)
- W C Cheung
- Department of Special Education, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 288 Education, 1310 S. Sixth St., Champaign, IL, 61820, USA.
| | - H Meadan
- Department of Special Education, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 288 Education, 1310 S. Sixth St., Champaign, IL, 61820, USA
| | - Y Xia
- Department of Educational Psychology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 230B Education, 1310 S. Sixth St., Champaign, IL, 61820, USA
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Bremer E, Lloyd M. Baseline behaviour moderates movement skill intervention outcomes among young children with autism spectrum disorder. AUTISM : THE INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF RESEARCH AND PRACTICE 2021; 25:2025-2033. [PMID: 33887962 PMCID: PMC8419290 DOI: 10.1177/13623613211009347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
LAY ABSTRACT It is common for children with autism spectrum disorder to experience delays in their movement skills. These skills are important for participation in play and physical activity. Previous research has found that movement skills can be improved with movement skill interventions. This study explored the behavioural factors of young children with autism spectrum disorder that make them most likely to improve their movement skills following a 12-week intervention. The study found that children with higher levels of adaptive behaviour and lower levels of emotional and behavioural challenges at the start of the intervention were more likely to have greater improvements in their movement skills following the intervention. These findings may help clinicians and caregivers plan which types of interventions are best suited for individual children with autism spectrum disorder.
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López-Valverde P, Rico-Díaz J, Barcala-Furelos M, Martí-González M, Martín JL, López-García S. Instruments to Assess Physical Activity in Primary Education Students with Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Systematic Review. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18094913. [PMID: 34063023 PMCID: PMC8125363 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18094913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2021] [Revised: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 04/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The scientific evidence supports that physical inactivity in childhood is a reality throughout the world which generates important consequences in the global development of children. Young people with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD), due to the characteristics of the disorder they suffer, constitute a group at risk. Therefore, assessing the levels of physical activity (PA) in this group is fundamental for subsequent decision making and implementation of PA promotion programmes. Consequently, the aim of this systematic review was to identify, summarise and analyse the main instruments used to assess the levels of PA (in terms of time and/or intensity) in primary school children diagnosed with ASD. Scientific articles in English and Spanish published in five databases were reviewed: PsycINFO, WOS, SPORTDiscus, Scopus and PubMed, following the guidelines of the PRISMA statement. Out of the 605 articles identified, 12 met the previously established inclusion criteria. The instruments used by the studies analysed were divided into two main groups: accelerometers and questionnaires. Both showed different strengths and limitations but agreed on the low levels registered of PA in children with ASD. For this reason, it is considered necessary that further research be carried out in this field, as well as the development and implementation of sports programmes adjusted and adapted to the needs and characteristics of the ASD group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula López-Valverde
- Faculty of Education Sciences, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain;
| | - Javier Rico-Díaz
- Faculty of Education Sciences, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain;
- Correspondence:
| | - Martín Barcala-Furelos
- Faculty of Health Sciences, European University of the Atlantic, 39011 Santander, Spain; (M.B.-F.); (M.M.-G.); (J.L.M.)
| | - Mariacarla Martí-González
- Faculty of Health Sciences, European University of the Atlantic, 39011 Santander, Spain; (M.B.-F.); (M.M.-G.); (J.L.M.)
| | - Juan L. Martín
- Faculty of Health Sciences, European University of the Atlantic, 39011 Santander, Spain; (M.B.-F.); (M.M.-G.); (J.L.M.)
| | - Sergio López-García
- Faculty of Education, Pontifical University of Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain;
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Dong L, Shen B, Pang Y, Zhang M, Xiang Y, Xing Y, Wright M, Li D, Bo J. FMS Effects of a Motor Program for Children With Autism Spectrum Disorders. Percept Mot Skills 2021; 128:1421-1442. [PMID: 33874799 DOI: 10.1177/00315125211010053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The current study evaluated the effectiveness of a motor program that specifically targeted fundamental motor skills (FMS) in children with ASD. The experimental group (n=21) participated in a 9-week program with motor instructions for 80 minutes/day, three days/week, while the control group (n=29) did not participate in the program. We measured FMS (using the Test of Gross Motor Development-3) one-week before, one-week after, and two-months after the program. Children in the experimental group had significantly larger FMS improvements than the controls on both locomotor and ball skills immediately following the program, and these participants showed continuous improvement on locomotor, but not ball skills, at 2-months follow-up. In individual analyses, 80% of children in the experimental group versus 29% of children in the control group showed continuous locomotor skills improvement beyond their pre-test levels. These findings highlight the importance of both a long-term motor development intervention and an individualized approach for evaluating improved FMS among children with ASD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liangshan Dong
- School of Physical Education, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, China
| | - Bo Shen
- Division of Kinesiology, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, United States
| | - YanLi Pang
- School of Physical Education, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, China
| | - Mingting Zhang
- School of Physical Education, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yuan Xiang
- School of Physical Education, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yu Xing
- School of Physical Education, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, China
| | - Morgan Wright
- Department of Psychology, Eastern Michigan University, Ypsilanti, United States
| | - Dan Li
- LinJie Autism Rehabilitation Center, Wuhan, China
| | - Jin Bo
- School of Physical Education, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, China.,Department of Psychology, Eastern Michigan University, Ypsilanti, United States
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Howells K, Sivaratnam C, Lindor E, He J, Hyde C, McGillivray J, Wilson RB, Rinehart N. Can a Community-Based Football Program Benefit Motor Ability in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder? A Pilot Evaluation Considering the Role of Social Impairments. J Autism Dev Disord 2021; 52:402-413. [PMID: 33713242 DOI: 10.1007/s10803-021-04933-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
This non-randomised pilot study evaluated the impact of a community football program on motor ability in children aged 5-12 years with autism spectrum disorder. Sixteen children were evaluated at baseline-and-post attendance in a football program for a varied number of weeks and compared to 19 children engaging in treatment-as-usual. Primary analyses indicated a statistically significant increase in total MABC-2, aiming and catching, and balance scores for the intervention group, with no changes in scores in the comparison group. There were no changes in manual dexterity across either group. At a between group level, the changes in aiming and catching scores were significantly greater for the intervention group. Further analyses highlighted the potential importance of social impairments regarding aiming and catching.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine Howells
- Deakin Child Study Centre, School of Psychology, Faculty of Health, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia.
| | - Carmel Sivaratnam
- Deakin Child Study Centre, School of Psychology, Faculty of Health, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
| | - Ebony Lindor
- Deakin Child Study Centre, School of Psychology, Faculty of Health, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
| | - Jason He
- Department of Radiology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, The Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, MD, USA.,F. M. Kirby Research Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Department of Forensic and Neurodevelopmental Sciences, Sackler Institute for Translational Neurodevelopment, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Christian Hyde
- Deakin Child Study Centre, School of Psychology, Faculty of Health, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia.,Cognitive Neuroscience Unit, School of Psychology, Faculty of Health, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
| | - Jane McGillivray
- Deakin Child Study Centre, School of Psychology, Faculty of Health, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
| | - Rujuta B Wilson
- David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA , UCLA Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, Divisions of Pediatric Neurology and Child Psychiatry, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Nicole Rinehart
- Deakin Child Study Centre, School of Psychology, Faculty of Health, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
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Effects of an Inclusive Physical Activity Program on the Motor Skills, Social Skills and Attitudes of Students with and without Autism Spectrum Disorder. J Autism Dev Disord 2020; 51:2254-2270. [PMID: 32940823 DOI: 10.1007/s10803-020-04693-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
This study investigated the effects of an inclusive physical activity (IPA) program on the motor and social skills and attitudes of students with and without autism spectrum disorder (ASD). The study sample consisted of 45 ASD and typical development (TD) students aged between 6 and 11 years. The students were randomly divided into two groups: a training group consisting of 27 students (n = 13 with ASD and n = 14 with TD) and a control group consisting of 18 students (n = 9 with ASD and n = 9 with TD). In conclusion, the IPA program increased the motor and social skills of the ASD students and improved the motor skills of the TD students and positively affected their attitudes towards the ASD students.
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Effect of a Service-Learning Program on the Active Lifestyle of Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Pilot Study. SUSTAINABILITY 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/su12114354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Background: active lifestyles and Physical Activity (PA) are closely related to health. Healthy habits such as being physically active should be consolidated during childhood. Children with Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD) present fewer opportunities to be involved in PA. For this reason, we conducted a Service-Learning (SL) program to enhance the possibility of participating ASD children enjoying PA sessions. The aim of this study was to analyze and describe the evolution in terms of the frequency and intensity of PA performed by ASD children who participated in the SL program. Methods: we used a quasi-experimental design. The sample was formed by 26 children with ASD (Experimental group: n = 16; 4 girls, 12 boys) (Control group: n = 10; 1 girl, 9 boys) with ASD level 1. Results: after the intervention program, moderate PA during the week increased significantly (Pre-Median: 92.04, Range: 35.71–126.47 min; Post-Median: 212.67, Range: 99.75, 271.04 min) (p ≤ 0.001). When comparing both groups, the tendency to do PA in the Experimental group remained more stable. Also, the improvements in moderate intensities were higher in the Experimental group after the intervention. Conclusion: a six-month SL program improved the moderate PA routines of ASD children. However, longer programs and longitudinal studies are required.
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Boato EM, Albuquerque AP, Diniz SV, Rodrigues GM. The methodology of body approach for autists - a case study. MOTRIZ: REVISTA DE EDUCACAO FISICA 2020. [DOI: 10.1590/s1980-6574202000030076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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