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Muyayalo KP, Gong GS, Kiyonga Aimeé K, Liao AH. Impaired immune response against SARS-CoV-2 infection is the major factor indirectly altering reproductive function in COVID-19 patients: a narrative review. HUM FERTIL 2023; 26:778-796. [PMID: 37811836 DOI: 10.1080/14647273.2023.2262757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023]
Abstract
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is an infectious disease affecting multiple systems and organs, including the reproductive system. SARS-CoV-2, the virus that causes COVID-19, can damage reproductive organs through direct (angiotensin converting enzyme-2, ACE-2) and indirect mechanisms. The immune system plays an essential role in the homeostasis and function of the male and female reproductive systems. Therefore, an altered immune response related to infectious and inflammatory diseases can affect reproductive function and fertility in both males and females. This narrative review discussed the dysregulation of innate and adaptive systems induced by SARS-CoV-2 infection. We reviewed the evidence showing that this altered immune response in COVID-19 patients is the major indirect mechanism leading to adverse reproduction outcomes in these patients. We summarized studies reporting the long-term effect of SARS-CoV-2 infection on women's reproductive function and proposed the chronic inflammation and chronic autoimmunity characterizing long COVID as potential underlying mechanisms. Further studies are needed to clarify the role of autoimmunity and chronic inflammation (long COVID) in altered female reproduction function in COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kahindo P Muyayalo
- Institute of Reproductive Health, Center for Reproductive Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, P. R. China
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Kinshasa, Kinshasa, D. R. Congo
| | - Guang-Shun Gong
- Institute of Reproductive Health, Center for Reproductive Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, P. R. China
| | - Kahindo Kiyonga Aimeé
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Sciences and Technology, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
- Department of Tropical Medicine Infectious and Parasitic Diseases, University of Kinshasa, Kinshasa, D. R. Congo
| | - Ai-Hua Liao
- Institute of Reproductive Health, Center for Reproductive Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, P. R. China
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2
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Chen S, Zhang S, Liu G, Wang X, Peng Y, Chen Y, Gong F, Yang Z, Lin G. Embryo development, pregnancy and live birth outcomes following IVF treatment were not compromised during the COVID-19 pandemic. J Assist Reprod Genet 2023:10.1007/s10815-023-02863-3. [PMID: 37428430 PMCID: PMC10371922 DOI: 10.1007/s10815-023-02863-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2022] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/11/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate whether outcomes of in vitro fertilization (IVF) are affected during the coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) pandemic. METHODS This was a single-center, retrospective study. Embryo development, pregnancy, and live birth outcomes were compared between COVID-19 and pre-COVID-19 groups. Blood samples from patients during the COVID-19 pandemic were tested for COVID-19. RESULTS After 1:1 random matching, 403 cycles for each group were included in the study. The rates of fertilization, normal fertilization, and blastocyst formation were higher in the COVID-19 group than in the pre-COVID-19 group. No difference was observed in the rates of day 3 good-quality embryos and good-quality blastocysts between the groups. A multivariate analysis showed that the live birth rate in the COVID-19 group was higher than that in the pre-COVID-19 group (51.4% vs. 41.4%, P = 0.010). In fresh cleavage-stage embryo and blastocyst transfer cycles, there were no differences between the groups in terms of pregnancy, obstetric, and perinatal outcomes. In the freeze-all cycles, the live birth rate was higher during the COVID-19 pandemic (58.0% vs. 34.5%, P = 0.006) than during the pre-COVID-19 period following frozen cleavage stage embryo transfer. The rate of gestational diabetes during the COVID-19 pandemic was higher than that during the pre-COVID-19 period (20.3% vs. 2.4%, P = 0.008) following frozen blastocyst transfer. All the serological results of the patients during the COVID-19 pandemic were negative. CONCLUSION Our results indicate that embryo development, pregnancy, and live birth outcomes in uninfected patients were not compromised during the COVID-19 pandemic at our center.
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Affiliation(s)
- Su Chen
- Reproductive and Genetic Hospital of CITIC-Xiangya, Changsha, China
| | - Shuoping Zhang
- Reproductive and Genetic Hospital of CITIC-Xiangya, Changsha, China
| | - Gang Liu
- Reproductive and Genetic Hospital of CITIC-Xiangya, Changsha, China
- Institute of Reproductive and Stem Cell Engineering, Central South University, No. 88 Xiangya Road, Changsha, 410008, China
| | - Xiaojuan Wang
- Reproductive and Genetic Hospital of CITIC-Xiangya, Changsha, China
| | - Yangqin Peng
- Reproductive and Genetic Hospital of CITIC-Xiangya, Changsha, China
| | - Yongzhe Chen
- The First Affiliated Hospital of University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Fei Gong
- Reproductive and Genetic Hospital of CITIC-Xiangya, Changsha, China
- Institute of Reproductive and Stem Cell Engineering, Central South University, No. 88 Xiangya Road, Changsha, 410008, China
| | - Zhihong Yang
- California Excellent Fertility, 1808 W Lincoln Ave, Anaheim, CA, 92801, USA.
| | - Ge Lin
- Reproductive and Genetic Hospital of CITIC-Xiangya, Changsha, China.
- Institute of Reproductive and Stem Cell Engineering, Central South University, No. 88 Xiangya Road, Changsha, 410008, China.
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Hosseini E, Kohan-Ghadr HR, Bazrafkan M, Amorim CA, Askari M, Zakeri A, Mousavi SN, Kafaeinezhad R, Afradiasbagharani P, Esfandyari S, Nazari M. Rescuing fertility during COVID-19 infection: exploring potential pharmacological and natural therapeutic approaches for comorbidity, by focusing on NLRP3 inflammasome mechanism. J Assist Reprod Genet 2023; 40:1173-1185. [PMID: 36892705 PMCID: PMC9995769 DOI: 10.1007/s10815-023-02768-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 03/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The respiratory system was primarily considered the only organ affected by Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). As the pandemic continues, there is an increasing concern from the scientific community about the future effects of the virus on male and female reproductive organs, infertility, and, most significantly, its impact on the future generation. The general presumption is that if the primary clinical symptoms of COVID-19 are not controlled, we will face several challenges, including compromised infertility, infection-exposed cryopreserved germ cells or embryos, and health complications in future generations, likely connected to the COVID-19 infections of parents and ancestors. In this review article, we dedicatedly studied severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) virology, its receptors, and the effect of the virus to induce the activation of inflammasome as the main arm of the innate immune response. Among inflammasomes, nucleotide oligomerization domain-like receptor protein, pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome pathway activation is partly responsible for the inflicted damages in both COVID-19 infection and some reproductive disorders, so the main focus of the discussion is on NLRP3 inflammasome in the pathogenesis of COVID-19 infection alongside in the reproductive biology. In addition, the potential effects of the virus on male and female gonad functions were discussed, and we further explored the potential natural and pharmacological therapeutic approaches for comorbidity via NLRP3 inflammasome neutralization to develop a hypothesis for averting the long-term repercussions of COVID-19. Since activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome pathway contributes to the damage caused by COVID-19 infection and some reproductive disorders, NLRP3 inflammasome inhibitors have a great potential to be considered candidates for alleviating the pathological effects of the COVID-19 infection on the germ cells and reproductive tissues. This would impede the subsequent massive wave of infertility that may threaten the patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elham Hosseini
- Zanjan Metabolic Diseases Research Center, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Mousavi Hospital, School of Medicine, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran
| | - Hamid-Reza Kohan-Ghadr
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Biology, College of Human Medicine, Michigan State University, Grand Rapids, MI USA
| | - Mahshid Bazrafkan
- Reproductive Biotechnology Research Center, Avicenna Research Institute (ARI), ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Christiani A. Amorim
- Pôle de Recherche en Physiopathologie de la Reproduction, Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Maryam Askari
- Blood Transfusion Research Center, High Institute for Research and Education in Transfusion Medicine, Tehran, Iran
| | - Armin Zakeri
- Department of Hematology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyedeh Neda Mousavi
- Department of Nutrition, School of Medicine, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran
| | - Raheleh Kafaeinezhad
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Basic Sciences, University of Maragheh, Maragheh, Iran
| | | | - Sahar Esfandyari
- Department of Urology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612 USA
| | - Mahboobeh Nazari
- Endocrine Research Center, Institute of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Nanobiotechnology Research Center, Avicenna Research Institute, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
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4
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Braga DPAF, Setti AS, Iaconelli A, Borges E. Previous infection with SARS-CoV-2 impacts embryo morphokinetics but not clinical outcomes in a time-lapse imaging system. Mol Reprod Dev 2023; 90:53-58. [PMID: 36576971 PMCID: PMC9880701 DOI: 10.1002/mrd.23658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2022] [Revised: 11/01/2022] [Accepted: 11/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The goal for the present study was to investigate whether previous infection with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) may compromise embryo morphokinetics and implantation. For that, a historical cohort study was performed in a private university-affiliated in vitro fertilization center. The study included 1628 embryos from 88 patients undergoing intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) cycles. Patients were age-matched in a 1:3 ratio to either a coronavirus disease (COVID) group, including patients with a positive SARS-CoV-2 immunoglobulin test (n = 22 patients, 386 embryos), or a control group, including patients with a negative SARS-CoV-2 immunoglobulin test (n = 66, 1242 embryos). The effect of previous infection with SARS-CoV-2 on morphokinetic events and ICSI outcomes was evaluated. Embryos derived from patients in the COVID group presented longer time to pronuclei appearance and fading, time to form two, three, four and five cells, and time to blastulation. The durations of the third cell cycle and to time to complete synchronous divisions were also significantly increased in the COVID group compared with the control group, whereas known implantation diagnosis score Day 5 ranked significantly lower in the COVID group. No differences were observed between the COVID and control groups on clinical outcomes. In conclusion, patients planning parenthood, who have recovered from COVID-19 infection, must be aware of a possible effect of the infection on embryo development potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela P. A. F. Braga
- Fertility Medical GroupSão PauloBrazil,Instituto Sapientiae – Centro de Estudos e Pesquisa em Reprodução Humana AssistidaSão PauloBrazil
| | - Amanda S. Setti
- Fertility Medical GroupSão PauloBrazil,Instituto Sapientiae – Centro de Estudos e Pesquisa em Reprodução Humana AssistidaSão PauloBrazil
| | - Assumpto Iaconelli
- Fertility Medical GroupSão PauloBrazil,Instituto Sapientiae – Centro de Estudos e Pesquisa em Reprodução Humana AssistidaSão PauloBrazil
| | - Edson Borges
- Fertility Medical GroupSão PauloBrazil,Instituto Sapientiae – Centro de Estudos e Pesquisa em Reprodução Humana AssistidaSão PauloBrazil
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5
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COVID-19, Vaccination, and Female Fertility in the Czech Republic. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231810909. [PMID: 36142820 PMCID: PMC9501189 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231810909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2022] [Revised: 09/15/2022] [Accepted: 09/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
The fast-track process to approve vaccines against COVID-19 has raised questions about their safety, especially in relation to fertility. Over the last 2 years, studies have appeared monitoring female fertility, especially from assisted reproduction centers or in animal experiments. However, studies monitoring healthy populations are still limited. The aim of our study was to monitor the relevant parameters of female fertility (sex and other steroids, LH, FSH, SHBG, Antimüllerian hormone and antral follicle count) before and then 2-4 months after the third dose of vaccination against COVID-19 in a group of 25 healthy fertile woman. In addition, anti-SARS-CoV-2 and anti-SARS-CoV-2S antibodies were determined. We did not observe significant changes in the measured parameters before and after the third dose of vaccination. By comparing levels of the analytes with antibodies indicating a prior COVID-19 infection, we found that women who had experienced the disease had statistically lower levels of estrone, estradiol, SHBG and 5α-dihydroprogesterone, and conversely, higher levels of androgen active dehydroepiandrosterone and dihydrotestosterone. Our results confirm that vaccination does not affect female fertility, and that what fertile women should be worried about is not vaccination, but rather COVID-19 infection itself.
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6
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Mast Cell Activation Syndrome in COVID-19 and Female Reproductive Function: Theoretical Background vs. Accumulating Clinical Evidence. J Immunol Res 2022; 2022:9534163. [PMID: 35785029 PMCID: PMC9242765 DOI: 10.1155/2022/9534163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2022] [Revised: 05/19/2022] [Accepted: 06/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), a pandemic disease caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection, can affect almost all systems and organs of the human body, including those responsible for reproductive function in women. The multisystem inflammatory response in COVID-19 shows many analogies with mast cell activation syndrome (MCAS), and MCAS may be an important component in the course of COVID-19. Of note, the female sex hormones estradiol (E2) and progesterone (P4) significantly influence mast cell (MC) behavior. This review presents the importance of MCs and the mediators from their granules in the female reproductive system, including pregnancy, and discusses the mechanism of potential disorders related to MCAS. Then, the available data on COVID-19 in the context of hormonal disorders, the course of endometriosis, female fertility, and the course of pregnancy were compiled to verify intuitively predicted threats. Surprisingly, although COVID-19 hyperinflammation and post-COVID-19 illness may be rooted in MCAS, the available clinical data do not provide grounds for treating this mechanism as significantly increasing the risk of abnormal female reproductive function, including pregnancy. Further studies in the context of post COVID-19 condition (long COVID), where inflammation and a procoagulative state resemble many aspects of MCAS, are needed.
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7
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The NLRP3 inflammasome: molecular activation and regulation in spermatogenesis and male infertility; a systematic review. Basic Clin Androl 2022; 32:8. [PMID: 35637440 PMCID: PMC9150048 DOI: 10.1186/s12610-022-00157-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2022] [Accepted: 05/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Infertility related to varicocele, infections, metabolic dysfunctions, oxidative stress and environmental toxicants is also associated with inflammatory processes that ultimately lead to the activation of the inflammasome pathway (IP). IP is classically activated by DAMPs, MAMPs or LAMPs, which stand for Damage-, Microbe- or Lifestyle-Associated Molecular Patterns, respectively. The most important player in IP activation is the NLRP3 (NOD[Nuclear oligomerization domain]-, LRR[Leucine rich repeat]- and pyrin domain-containing protein 3) which functions as an intracellular sensor of D/M/L-AMPs resulting in activation of caspase-1, promotion of apoptosis, pyroptosis and generation of inflammatory cytokines. This review addresses the question of whether IP activation might be associated with male infertility situations. Results & conclusions We conducted a systematic review of articles published in the Google Scholar, and PubMed databases through October 2021. It turns out that inflammasome activation and its consequences including cytokine storms, apoptosis and pyroptosis could be associated with the reduced sperm count as well as the structural and functional sperm defects recorded in several situations associated with male infertility suggesting that anti-inflammatory therapeutic strategies could be possibly considered to restore male fertility in future research.
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8
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G.R. Q. The Impact of the SARS-CoV-2 Pandemic on Reproduction, Sexual Function and Behaviors: A Review of the Main Trends and Findings. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SEXUAL HEALTH : OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE WORLD ASSOCIATION FOR SEXUAL HEALTH 2022; 34:351-365. [PMID: 38596275 PMCID: PMC10903693 DOI: 10.1080/19317611.2022.2053921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2021] [Revised: 01/31/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
Objective: This review sought to describe the main trends and findings on the SARS-CoV-2 and the pandemic's effect on reproduction (i.e., effects on fertility, reproductive tissue, pregnancy, vertical and sexual transmission) and sexual function and behaviors. Methods: A review was conducted on studies assessing these variables through the Scopus and PubMed databases between the years 2019-2021. Results: Results showed SARS-CoV-2 pandemic and social distancing measures have affected-and in some cases not-different aspects of people's reproductive function, sexual function and behaviors. Conclusions: Suggestions are offered for researchers and professionals focused on future research and clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quintana G.R.
- Departamento de Psicología y Filosofía, Facultad de Ciencias Sociales y Jurídicas, Universidad de Tarapacá, Arica, Arica y Parinacota, Chile
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9
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Ventura Fernandes BH, Feitosa NM, Barbosa AP, Bomfim CG, Garnique AMB, Rosa IF, Rodrigues MS, Doretto LB, Costa DF, Camargo-Dos-Santos B, Franco GA, Neto JF, Lunardi JS, Bellot MS, Alves NPC, Costa CC, Aracati MF, Rodrigues LF, Costa CC, Cirilo RH, Colagrande RM, Gomes FIF, Nakajima RT, Belo MAA, Giaquinto PC, de Oliveira SL, Eto SF, Fernandes DC, Manrique WG, Conde G, Rosales RRC, Todeschini I, Rivero I, Llontop E, Sgro GG, Oka GU, Bueno NF, Ferraris FK, de Magalhães MTQ, Medeiros RJ, Mendonça-Gomes JM, Junqueira MS, Conceição K, Pontes LGD, Condino-Neto A, Perez AC, Barcellos LJG, Júnior JDC, Dorlass EG, Camara NOS, Durigon EL, Cunha FQ, Nóbrega RH, Machado-Santelli GM, Farah CS, Veras FP, Galindo-Villegas J, Costa-Lotufo LV, Cunha TM, Chammas R, Carvalho LR, Guzzo CR, Malafaia G, Charlie-Silva I. Toxicity of spike fragments SARS-CoV-2 S protein for zebrafish: A tool to study its hazardous for human health? THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 813:152345. [PMID: 34942250 PMCID: PMC8688160 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.152345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Revised: 11/17/2021] [Accepted: 12/08/2021] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Despite the significant increase in the generation of SARS-CoV-2 contaminated domestic and hospital wastewater, little is known about the ecotoxicological effects of the virus or its structural components in freshwater vertebrates. In this context, this study evaluated the deleterious effects caused by SARS-CoV-2 Spike protein on the health of Danio rerio, zebrafish. We demonstrated, for the first time, that zebrafish injected with fragment 16 to 165 (rSpike), which corresponds to the N-terminal portion of the protein, presented mortalities and adverse effects on liver, kidney, ovary and brain tissues. The conserved genetic homology between zebrafish and humans might be one of the reasons for the intense toxic effects followed inflammatory reaction from the immune system of zebrafish to rSpike which provoked damage to organs in a similar pattern as happen in severe cases of COVID-19 in humans, and, resulted in 78,6% of survival rate in female adults during the first seven days. The application of spike protein in zebrafish was highly toxic that is suitable for future studies to gather valuable information about ecotoxicological impacts, as well as vaccine responses and therapeutic approaches in human medicine. Therefore, besides representing an important tool to assess the harmful effects of SARS-CoV-2 in the aquatic environment, we present the zebrafish as an animal model for translational COVID-19 research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bianca H Ventura Fernandes
- Laboratório de Controle Genético e Sanitário, Diretoria Técnica de Apoio ao Ensino e Pesquisa, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Natália Martins Feitosa
- Laboratório Integrado de Biociências Translacionais (LIBT), Instituto de Biodiversidade e Sustentabilidade (NUPEM), Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Macaé, RJ, Brazil
| | - Ana Paula Barbosa
- Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Camila Gasque Bomfim
- Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Anali M B Garnique
- Department of Cell Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ivana F Rosa
- Reproductive and Molecular Biology Group, Department of Morphology, Institute of Biosciences, Sao Paulo State University, Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Maira S Rodrigues
- Reproductive and Molecular Biology Group, Department of Morphology, Institute of Biosciences, Sao Paulo State University, Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Lucas B Doretto
- Reproductive and Molecular Biology Group, Department of Morphology, Institute of Biosciences, Sao Paulo State University, Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Daniel F Costa
- Reproductive and Molecular Biology Group, Department of Morphology, Institute of Biosciences, Sao Paulo State University, Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Bruno Camargo-Dos-Santos
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biosciences of Botucatu, São Paulo State University, SP, Brazil
| | - Gabrielli A Franco
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biosciences of Botucatu, São Paulo State University, SP, Brazil
| | - João Favero Neto
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biosciences of Botucatu, São Paulo State University, SP, Brazil
| | - Juliana Sartori Lunardi
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biosciences of Botucatu, São Paulo State University, SP, Brazil
| | - Marina Sanson Bellot
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biosciences of Botucatu, São Paulo State University, SP, Brazil
| | - Nina Pacheco Capelini Alves
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biosciences of Botucatu, São Paulo State University, SP, Brazil
| | - Camila C Costa
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Jaboticabal, Brazil
| | - Mayumi F Aracati
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Jaboticabal, Brazil
| | - Letícia F Rodrigues
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Jaboticabal, Brazil
| | - Camila C Costa
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Jaboticabal, Brazil
| | - Rafaela Hemily Cirilo
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biosciences of Botucatu, São Paulo State University, SP, Brazil
| | - Raul Marcelino Colagrande
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biosciences of Botucatu, São Paulo State University, SP, Brazil
| | - Francisco I F Gomes
- Department of Pharmacology, Center of Research in Inflammatory Diseases, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Rafael T Nakajima
- Reproductive and Molecular Biology Group, Department of Morphology, Institute of Biosciences, Sao Paulo State University, Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Percília Cardoso Giaquinto
- Universidade Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita Filho, Instituto de Biociências - Departamento de Fisiologia, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Silas Fernandes Eto
- Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, PROCISA, Federal University of Roraima, Brazil
| | | | - Wilson G Manrique
- Aquaculture Health Research and Extension Group, GRUPESA, Aquaculture Health Laboratory, LABSA, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Rondônia, Rolim de Moura campus, Rondônia, Brazil
| | - Gabriel Conde
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, São Paulo State University, Jaboticabal, Brazil
| | - Roberta R C Rosales
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Iris Todeschini
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ilo Rivero
- Pontifícia Universidade Católica de Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Edgar Llontop
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Germán G Sgro
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo, Brazil; Departamento de Ciências Biomoleculares, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Gabriel Umaji Oka
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Fausto K Ferraris
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Mariana T Q de Magalhães
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Renata J Medeiros
- Laboratory of Physiology, INCQS/Fiocruz Zebrafish Facility, Departament of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute for Quality Control in Health, Brasil
| | - Juliana M Mendonça-Gomes
- Transplantation Immunobiology Lab, Department of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Mara Souza Junqueira
- Center for Translational Research in Oncology, Cancer Institute of the State of Sao Paulo, Faculty of Medicine, University of São Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Kátia Conceição
- Laboratory of Peptide Biochemistry, Federal University of São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Leticia Gomes de Pontes
- Laboratory of Human Immunology, Department Immunology, Institute Biomedical Sciences, University São Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Antonio Condino-Neto
- Laboratory of Human Immunology, Department Immunology, Institute Biomedical Sciences, University São Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Andrea C Perez
- Department of Pharmacology, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Leonardo J G Barcellos
- Graduate Program of Pharmacology, Federal University of Santa Maria, Brazil; Laboratory of Fish Physiology, Graduate Program of Bioexperimentation and of Environmental Sciences, University of Passo Fundo, Brazil
| | - José Dias Correa Júnior
- Laboratório do Estudo da Interação Químico Biológica e da Reprodução Animal, LIQBRA, Bloco O3,174, Brazil; Departamento de Morfologia Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Erick Gustavo Dorlass
- Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Niels O S Camara
- Transplantation Immunobiology Lab, Department of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Edison Luiz Durigon
- Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Fernando Q Cunha
- Department of Pharmacology, Center of Research in Inflammatory Diseases, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Rafael H Nóbrega
- Reproductive and Molecular Biology Group, Department of Morphology, Institute of Biosciences, Sao Paulo State University, Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Glaucia M Machado-Santelli
- Department of Cell Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Chuck S Farah
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Flavio P Veras
- Center of Research in Inflammatory Diseases, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Sao Paulo, Brazil; Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Letícia V Costa-Lotufo
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Universidade de São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Thiago M Cunha
- Center of Research in Inflammatory Diseases, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Sao Paulo, Brazil; Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Roger Chammas
- Centro de Investigação Translacional em Oncologia, Instituto do Câncer do Estado de São Paulo, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Luciani R Carvalho
- Disciplina de Endocrinologia do Departamento de Clinica Medica e Laboratório de Hormônios e Genética Molecular, LIM 42, Brazil
| | - Cristiane R Guzzo
- Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Guilherme Malafaia
- Biological Research Laboratory, Goiano Federal Institute, Urutaí Campus, Brazil.
| | - Ives Charlie-Silva
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Universidade de São Paulo, Brazil.
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10
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Ghosh S, Parikh S, Nissa MU, Acharjee A, Singh A, Patwa D, Makwana P, Athalye A, Barpanda A, Laloraya M, Srivastava S, Parikh F. Semen Proteomics of COVID-19 Convalescent Men Reveals Disruption of Key Biological Pathways Relevant to Male Reproductive Function. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:8601-8612. [PMID: 35309488 PMCID: PMC8928495 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.1c06551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2021] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
A considerable section of males suffered from COVID-19, with many experiencing long-term repercussions. Recovered males have been documented to have compromised fertility, albeit the mechanisms remain unclear. We investigated the impact of COVID-19 on semen proteome following complete clinical recovery using mass spectrometry. A label-free quantitative proteomics study involved 10 healthy fertile subjects and 17 COVID-19-recovered men. With 1% false discovery rate and >1 unique peptide stringency, MaxQuant analysis found 1099 proteins and 8503 peptides. Of the 48 differentially expressed proteins between the healthy and COVID-19-recovered groups, 21 proteins were downregulated and 27 were upregulated in COVID-19-recovered males. The major pathways involved in reproductive functions, such as sperm-oocyte recognition, testosterone response, cell motility regulation, adhesion regulation, extracellular matrix adhesion, and endopeptidase activity, were downregulated in COVID-19-recovered patients according to bioinformatics analysis. Furthermore, the targeted approach revealed significant downregulation of semenogelin 1 and prosaposin, two proteins related to male fertility. Therefore, we demonstrate the alteration of semen proteome in response to COVID-19, thus disrupting the male reproductive function despite the patient's clinical remission. Hence, to understand fertility-related biological processes triggered by this infection, a protracted evaluation of the consequences of COVID-19 in recovered men is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susmita Ghosh
- Proteomics
Lab, Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai 400076, Maharashtra, India
| | - Swapneil Parikh
- Molecular
Laboratory, Kasturba Hospital for Infectious
Diseases, Mumbai 400011, India
| | - Mehar Un Nissa
- Proteomics
Lab, Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai 400076, Maharashtra, India
| | - Arup Acharjee
- Proteomics
Lab, Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai 400076, Maharashtra, India
| | - Avinash Singh
- Proteomics
Lab, Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai 400076, Maharashtra, India
| | - Dhruv Patwa
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute
of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai 400076, Maharashtra, India
| | - Prashant Makwana
- Jaslok-FertilTree
International Centre, Department of Assisted Reproduction and Genetics, Jaslok Hospital and Research Centre, 8th Floor, Dr. G, Pedder Road, Mumbai 400026, Maharashtra, India
| | - Arundhati Athalye
- Jaslok-FertilTree
International Centre, Department of Assisted Reproduction and Genetics, Jaslok Hospital and Research Centre, 8th Floor, Dr. G, Pedder Road, Mumbai 400026, Maharashtra, India
| | - Abhilash Barpanda
- Proteomics
Lab, Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai 400076, Maharashtra, India
| | - Malini Laloraya
- Division
of Molecular Reproduction, Rajiv Gandhi
Centre for Biotechnology, Thycaud P.O.,
Poojappura, Thiruvananthapuram 695014, Kerala, India
| | - Sanjeeva Srivastava
- Proteomics
Lab, Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai 400076, Maharashtra, India
| | - Firuza Parikh
- Jaslok-FertilTree
International Centre, Department of Assisted Reproduction and Genetics, Jaslok Hospital and Research Centre, 8th Floor, Dr. G, Pedder Road, Mumbai 400026, Maharashtra, India
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11
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Implications of testicular ACE2 and the renin-angiotensin system for SARS-CoV-2 on testis function. Nat Rev Urol 2022; 19:116-127. [PMID: 34837081 PMCID: PMC8622117 DOI: 10.1038/s41585-021-00542-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Although many studies have focused on SARS-CoV-2 infection in the lungs, comparatively little is known about the potential effects of the virus on male fertility. SARS-CoV-2 infection of target cells requires the presence of furin, angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptors, and transmembrane protease serine 2 (TMPRSS2). Thus, cells in the body that express these proteins might be highly susceptible to viral entry and downstream effects. Currently, reports regarding the expression of the viral entry proteins in the testes are conflicting; however, other members of the SARS-CoV family of viruses - such as SARS-CoV - have been suspected to cause testicular dysfunction and/or orchitis. SARS-CoV-2, which displays many similarities to SARS-CoV, could potentially cause similar adverse effects. Commonalities between SARS family members, taken in combination with sparse reports of testicular discomfort and altered hormone levels in patients with SARS-CoV-2, might indicate possible testicular dysfunction. Thus, SARS-CoV-2 infection has the potential for effects on testis somatic and germline cells and experimental approaches might be required to help identify potential short-term and long-term effects of SARS-CoV-2 on male fertility.
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12
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Ferreira G, Blasina F, Rodríguez Rey M, Anesetti G, Sapiro R, Chavarría L, Cardozo R, Rey G, Sobrevia L, Nicolson GL. Pathophysiological and molecular considerations of viral and bacterial infections during maternal-fetal and -neonatal interactions of SARS-CoV-2, Zika, and Mycoplasma infectious diseases. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2022; 1868:166285. [PMID: 34624499 PMCID: PMC8492386 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2021.166285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2021] [Revised: 09/14/2021] [Accepted: 10/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
During pregnancy, a series of physiological changes are determined at the molecular, cellular and macroscopic level that make the mother and fetus more susceptible to certain viral and bacterial infections, especially the infections in this and the companion review. Particular situations increase susceptibility to infection in neonates. The enhanced susceptibility to certain infections increases the risk of developing particular diseases that can progress to become morbidly severe. For example, during the current pandemic caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus, epidemiological studies have established that pregnant women with COVID-19 disease are more likely to be hospitalized. However, the risk for intensive care unit admission and mechanical ventilation is not increased compared with nonpregnant women. Although much remains unknown with this particular infection, the elevated risk of progression during pregnancy towards more severe manifestations of COVID-19 disease is not associated with an increased risk of death. In addition, the epidemiological data available in neonates suggest that their risk of acquiring COVID-19 is low compared with infants (<12 months of age). However, they might be at higher risk for progression to severe COVID-19 disease compared with older children. The data on clinical presentation and disease severity among neonates are limited and based on case reports and small case series. It is well documented the importance of the Zika virus infection as the main cause of several congenital anomalies and birth defects such as microcephaly, and also adverse pregnancy outcomes. Mycoplasma infections also increase adverse pregnancy outcomes. This review will focus on the molecular, pathophysiological and biophysical characteristics of the mother/placental-fetal/neonatal interactions and the possible mechanisms of these pathogens (SARS-CoV-2, ZIKV, and Mycoplasmas) for promoting disease at this level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gonzalo Ferreira
- Laboratory of Ion Channels, Biological Membranes and Cell Signaling, Dept. of Biophysics, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la Republica, Montevideo, Uruguay,Corresponding author
| | - Fernanda Blasina
- Dept. of Neonatology, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la Republica, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Marianela Rodríguez Rey
- Dept. of Neonatology, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la Republica, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Gabriel Anesetti
- Dept. of Histology and Development, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la Republica, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Rosana Sapiro
- Dept. of Histology and Development, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la Republica, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Luisina Chavarría
- Laboratory of Ion Channels, Biological Membranes and Cell Signaling, Dept. of Biophysics, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la Republica, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Romina Cardozo
- Laboratory of Ion Channels, Biological Membranes and Cell Signaling, Dept. of Biophysics, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la Republica, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Grazzia Rey
- Dept. of Clinical Ginecology and Obstetrics B, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la Republica, Uruguay
| | - Luis Sobrevia
- Cellular and Molecular Physiology Laboratory (CMPL), Department of Obstetrics, Division of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, School of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile,Department of Physiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidad de Sevilla, Seville E-41012, Spain,Medical School, Faculty of Medicine, Sao Paulo State University (UNESP), Brazil,University of Queensland Centre for Clinical Research (UQCCR), Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Queensland, Herston, QLD 4029, Australia,Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, 9713GZ Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Garth L. Nicolson
- Department of Molecular Pathology, The Institute for Molecular Medicine, Huntington Beach, CA, USA
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13
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Shen Q, Li J, Zhang Z, Guo S, Wang Q, An X, Chang H. COVID-19: systemic pathology and its implications for therapy. Int J Biol Sci 2022; 18:386-408. [PMID: 34975340 PMCID: PMC8692150 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.65911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2021] [Accepted: 11/04/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Responding to the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has been an unexpected and unprecedented global challenge for humanity in this century. During this crisis, specialists from the laboratories and frontline clinical personnel have made great efforts to prevent and treat COVID-19 by revealing the molecular biological characteristics and epidemic characteristics of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Currently, SARS-CoV-2 has severe consequences for public health, including human respiratory system, immune system, blood circulation system, nervous system, motor system, urinary system, reproductive system and digestive system. In the review, we summarize the physiological and pathological damage of SARS-CoV-2 to these systems and its molecular mechanisms followed by clinical manifestation. Concurrently, the prevention and treatment strategies of COVID-19 will be discussed in preclinical and clinical studies. With constantly unfolding and expanding scientific understanding about COVID-19, the updated information can help applied researchers understand the disease to build potential antiviral drugs or vaccines, and formulate creative therapeutic ideas for combating COVID-19 at speed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Shen
- MOE Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science & Institute of Laser Life Science, College of Biophotonics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science, College of Biophotonics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China
| | - Jie Li
- MOE Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science & Institute of Laser Life Science, College of Biophotonics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science, College of Biophotonics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China
| | - Zhan Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510120, China
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Disease, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510120, China
| | - Shuang Guo
- Dermatology Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510091, China
| | - Qiuhong Wang
- Qilu Cell Therapy Technology Co., Ltd, Jinan 250000, China
| | - Xiaorui An
- MOE Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science & Institute of Laser Life Science, College of Biophotonics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science, College of Biophotonics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China
| | - Haocai Chang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science & Institute of Laser Life Science, College of Biophotonics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science, College of Biophotonics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China
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14
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Siregar MFG, Siregar EKH. The Effect of Coronavirus Disease 2019 on Reproduction System and Fertility. Open Access Maced J Med Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.3889/oamjms.2021.6346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
As of October 9, 2020, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) was recorded to have infected more than 235 countries and 36,361,054 people globally, and 1,056,186 people died from coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). In early October 2020, it was reported that the rate of increase in new cases reached 300,000 cases per day. A scientific reference source about COVID-19 in pregnancy and fertility system based on the results of previous research. By conducting a literature search that was carried out until October 12, 2020, through the PubMed and Google Scholar databases using the keyword COVID-19 and pregnancy, 20 articles were used as a reference source. Human SARS-CoV appeared in China, causing a deadly epidemic 18 years ago. Novel coronavirus-2019 infects target cells by binding to angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) through its surface spike protein. nCoV-2 modulates ACE2 expression and causes serious injury, similar to SARS-CoV. There is the possibility that the SARS-CoV-2 mechanism can affect fertility on female, namely, SARS-CoV-2 can harm ovarian tissue and granulosa cells, and reduce ovarian function and quality of oocytes, and can make infertility or miscarriage; also damage the endometrial epithelium and affect early embryo implantation. COVID-19 is caused by SARS-CoV-2 which is an acute infectious disease that mostly affects the respiratory system, but can also attack the reproductive system.
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15
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Chereshnev VA, Pichugova SV, Beikin YB, Chereshneva MV, Iukhta AI, Stroev YI, Churilov LP. Pathogenesis of Autoimmune Male Infertility: Juxtacrine, Paracrine, and Endocrine Dysregulation. PATHOPHYSIOLOGY 2021; 28:471-488. [PMID: 35366245 PMCID: PMC8830464 DOI: 10.3390/pathophysiology28040030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2021] [Revised: 10/07/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
According to global data, there is a male reproductive potential decrease. Pathogenesis of male infertility is often associated with autoimmunity towards sperm antigens essential for fertilization. Antisperm autoantibodies (ASAs) have immobilizing and cytotoxic properties, impairing spermatogenesis, causing sperm agglutination, altering spermatozoa motility and acrosomal reaction, and thus preventing ovum fertilization. Infertility diagnosis requires a mandatory check for the ASAs. The concept of the blood–testis barrier is currently re-formulated, with an emphasis on informational paracrine and juxtacrine effects, rather than simple anatomical separation. The etiology of male infertility includes both autoimmune and non-autoimmune diseases but equally develops through autoimmune links of pathogenesis. Varicocele commonly leads to infertility due to testicular ischemic damage, venous stasis, local hyperthermia, and hypoandrogenism. However, varicocelectomy can alter the blood–testis barrier, facilitating ASAs production as well. There are contradictory data on the role of ASAs in the pathogenesis of varicocele-related infertility. Infection and inflammation both promote ASAs production due to “danger concept” mechanisms and because of antigen mimicry. Systemic pro-autoimmune influences like hyperprolactinemia, hypoandrogenism, and hypothyroidism also facilitate ASAs production. The diagnostic value of various ASAs has not yet been clearly attributed, and their cut-levels have not been determined in sera nor in ejaculate. The assessment of the autoimmunity role in the pathogenesis of male infertility is ambiguous, so the purpose of this review is to show the effects of ASAs on the pathogenesis of male infertility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valeriy A. Chereshnev
- Institute of Immunology and Physiology, Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 620049 Yekaterinburg, Russia; (V.A.C.); (S.V.P.); (M.V.C.)
| | - Svetlana V. Pichugova
- Institute of Immunology and Physiology, Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 620049 Yekaterinburg, Russia; (V.A.C.); (S.V.P.); (M.V.C.)
- State Autonomous Healthcare Institution of the Sverdlovsk Region “Clinical and Diagnostic Center” (GAUZ SO “CDC” Clinical Diagnostic Center), 620144 Yekaterinburg, Russia;
| | - Yakov B. Beikin
- State Autonomous Healthcare Institution of the Sverdlovsk Region “Clinical and Diagnostic Center” (GAUZ SO “CDC” Clinical Diagnostic Center), 620144 Yekaterinburg, Russia;
| | - Margarita V. Chereshneva
- Institute of Immunology and Physiology, Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 620049 Yekaterinburg, Russia; (V.A.C.); (S.V.P.); (M.V.C.)
| | - Angelina I. Iukhta
- Laboratory of the Mosaics of Autoimmunity, Saint Petersburg State University, 199304 Saint Petersburg, Russia; (Y.I.S.); (L.P.C.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Yuri I. Stroev
- Laboratory of the Mosaics of Autoimmunity, Saint Petersburg State University, 199304 Saint Petersburg, Russia; (Y.I.S.); (L.P.C.)
| | - Leonid P. Churilov
- Laboratory of the Mosaics of Autoimmunity, Saint Petersburg State University, 199304 Saint Petersburg, Russia; (Y.I.S.); (L.P.C.)
- Saint Petersburg Research Institute of Phthisiopulmonology, 191036 Saint Petersburg, Russia
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16
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Markiewicz-Gospodarek A, Wdowiak P, Czeczelewski M, Forma A, Flieger J, Januszewski J, Radzikowska-Büchner E, Baj J. The Impact of SARS-CoV-2 Infection on Fertility and Female and Male Reproductive Systems. J Clin Med 2021; 10:4520. [PMID: 34640536 PMCID: PMC8509208 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10194520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2021] [Revised: 09/26/2021] [Accepted: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection remains a huge challenge for contemporary healthcare systems. Apart from widely reported acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), the virus affects many other systems inducing a vast number of symptoms such as gastrointestinal, neurological, dermatological, cardiovascular, and many more. Currently it has also been hypothesized that the virus might affect female and male reproductive systems; SARS-CoV-2 infection could also have a role in potential disturbances to human fertility. In this article, we aimed to review the latest literature regarding the potential effects of SARS-CoV-2 infection on female and male reproductive systems as well as fertility, in general.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Paulina Wdowiak
- Chair and Department of Anatomy, Medical University of Lublin, 20-090 Lublin, Poland; (A.M.-G.); (P.W.); (M.C.)
| | - Marcin Czeczelewski
- Chair and Department of Anatomy, Medical University of Lublin, 20-090 Lublin, Poland; (A.M.-G.); (P.W.); (M.C.)
| | - Alicja Forma
- Chair and Department of Forensic Medicine, Medical University of Lublin, 20-090 Lublin, Poland;
| | - Jolanta Flieger
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Medical University of Lublin, 20-093 Lublin, Poland;
| | - Jacek Januszewski
- Department of Plastic, Reconstructive and Maxillary Surgery, Central Clinical Hospital MSWiA, 02-507 Warsaw, Poland; (J.J.); (E.R.-B.)
| | - Elżbieta Radzikowska-Büchner
- Department of Plastic, Reconstructive and Maxillary Surgery, Central Clinical Hospital MSWiA, 02-507 Warsaw, Poland; (J.J.); (E.R.-B.)
| | - Jacek Baj
- Chair and Department of Anatomy, Medical University of Lublin, 20-090 Lublin, Poland; (A.M.-G.); (P.W.); (M.C.)
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17
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Yang K, Wen G, Wang J, Zhou S, Da W, Meng Y, Xue Y, Tao L. Complication and Sequelae of COVID-19: What Should We Pay Attention to in the Post-Epidemic Era. Front Immunol 2021; 12:711741. [PMID: 34539642 PMCID: PMC8446426 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.711741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2021] [Accepted: 08/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
COVID-19 is widespread worldwide and seriously affects the daily life and health of humans. Countries around the world are taking necessary measures to curb the spread. However, COVID-19 patients often have at least one organ complication and sequelae in addition to respiratory symptoms. Controlling the epidemic is only a phased victory, and the complication and sequelae of COVID-19 will need more attention in the post-epidemic era. We collected general information from over 1000 articles published in 2020 after the COVID-19 outbreak and systematically analyzed the complication and sequelae associated with eight major systems in COVID-19 patients caused by ACE2 intervention in the RAS regulatory axis. The autoimmune response induced by 2019-nCoV attacks and damages the normal tissues and organs of the body. Our research will help medical workers worldwide address COVID-19 complication and sequelae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keda Yang
- Department of Orthopedics, First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Guangfu Wen
- Department of Pediatrics, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Jinpeng Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Siming Zhou
- Department of Orthopedics, First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Wacili Da
- Department of Orthopedics, First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yan Meng
- Department of Orthopedics, First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yuchuan Xue
- The First Department of Clinical Medicine, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Lin Tao
- Department of Orthopedics, First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
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18
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Bazrafkan M, Hosseini E, Nazari M, Amorim CA, Sadeghi MR. NLRP3 inflammasome: A joint, potential therapeutic target in management of COVID-19 and fertility problems. J Reprod Immunol 2021; 148:103427. [PMID: 34563758 PMCID: PMC8453780 DOI: 10.1016/j.jri.2021.103427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2021] [Revised: 08/17/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
To overcome COVID-19 long-term consequences, one possible approach is to control inflammasomes activation, because SARS-CoV-2 can induce humoral and cellular immune responses. In this opinion article we hypothesized that if it is proven with convincing and unmistakable evidence that firstly, SARS-CoV-2 can enter cells and damage them through its common receptors in the reproductive tissues, and secondly, inflammasome pathway activation is responsible for the damages caused, then the inflammasome inhibitors might be considered as suitable candidates in preventing the pathological effects on the germ cells and reproductive tissues and subsequent fertility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahshid Bazrafkan
- Reproductive Biotechnology Research Center, Avicenna Research Institute (ARI), ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Elham Hosseini
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, IVF Clinic, Mousavi Hospital, School of Medicine, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran; Zanjan Metabolic Diseases Research Center, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran.
| | - Mahboobeh Nazari
- Monoclonal Antibody Research Center, Avicenna Research Institute, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Christiani Andrade Amorim
- Pôle de Recherche en Gynécologie, Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Mohammad Reza Sadeghi
- Reproductive Biotechnology Research Center, Avicenna Research Institute (ARI), ACECR, Tehran, Iran
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19
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Al-Zaidan L, Mestiri S, Raza A, Merhi M, Inchakalody VP, Fernandes Q, Taib N, Uddin S, Dermime S. The expression of hACE2 receptor protein and its involvement in SARS-CoV-2 entry, pathogenesis, and its application as potential therapeutic target. Tumour Biol 2021; 43:177-196. [PMID: 34420993 DOI: 10.3233/tub-200084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Pneumonia cases of unknown etiology in Wuhan, Hubei province, China were reported to the World Health Organization on 31st of December 2019. Later the pathogen was reported to be a novel coronavirus designated severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) that causes Corona virus disease 2019 (COVID-19). The disease outspread was followed by WHO declaration of COVID-19 pandemic as a "Public Health Emergency of International Concern". SARS-CoV-2 is a novel pathogenic beta coronavirus that infects humans causing severe respiratory illness. However, multifarious factors can contribute to the susceptibility to COVID-19 related morbidity and mortality such as age, gender, and underlying comorbidities. Infection initiates when viral particles bind to the host cell surface receptors where SARS-CoV-2 spike glycoprotein subunit 1 binds to the Angiotensin Converting Enzyme 2 (ACE2). It is of importance to mention that SARS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2 viruses' mediate entry into the host cells via ACE2 receptor which might be correlated with the structural similarity of spike glycoprotein subunit 1 of both SARS viruses. However, the structural binding differs, whereas ACE2 receptor binding affinity with SARS-CoV-2 is 4 folds higher than that with SARS-CoV. Moreover, amino acids sequence divergence between the two S glycoproteins might be responsible for differential modulations of the specific immune response to both viruses. Identification of different aspects such as binding affinity, differential antigenic profiles of S-glycoproteins, and ACE2 mutations might influence the investigation of potential therapeutic strategies targeting SARS-CoV-2/ACE2 binding interface. In this review, we aim to elaborate on the expression of hACE2 receptor protein and its binding with SARS-CoV-2 S1 subunit, the possible immunogenic sequences of spike protein, effect of ACE 2 polymorphism on viral binding, and infectivity/susceptibility to disease. Furthermore, targeting of hACE2 receptor binding with SARS-CoV-2 S1 subunit via various mechanisms will be discussed to understand its role in therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lobna Al-Zaidan
- National Center for Cancer Care and Research, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar.,Translational Cancer Research Facility and Clinical Trial Unit, Interim Translational Research Institute, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Sarra Mestiri
- National Center for Cancer Care and Research, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar.,Translational Cancer Research Facility and Clinical Trial Unit, Interim Translational Research Institute, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Afsheen Raza
- National Center for Cancer Care and Research, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar.,Translational Cancer Research Facility and Clinical Trial Unit, Interim Translational Research Institute, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Maysaloun Merhi
- National Center for Cancer Care and Research, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar.,Translational Cancer Research Facility and Clinical Trial Unit, Interim Translational Research Institute, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Varghese Philipose Inchakalody
- National Center for Cancer Care and Research, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar.,Translational Cancer Research Facility and Clinical Trial Unit, Interim Translational Research Institute, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Queenie Fernandes
- Translational Cancer Research Facility and Clinical Trial Unit, Interim Translational Research Institute, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar.,Qatar University Biomedical Research Center, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Nassiba Taib
- National Center for Cancer Care and Research, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar.,Translational Cancer Research Facility and Clinical Trial Unit, Interim Translational Research Institute, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Shahab Uddin
- Translational Research Institute, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Said Dermime
- National Center for Cancer Care and Research, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar.,Translational Cancer Research Facility and Clinical Trial Unit, Interim Translational Research Institute, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
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20
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Synowiec A, Szczepański A, Barreto-Duran E, Lie LK, Pyrc K. Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2): a Systemic Infection. Clin Microbiol Rev 2021; 34:e00133-20. [PMID: 33441314 PMCID: PMC7849242 DOI: 10.1128/cmr.00133-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
To date, seven identified coronaviruses (CoVs) have been found to infect humans; of these, three highly pathogenic variants have emerged in the 21st century. The newest member of this group, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), was first detected at the end of 2019 in Hubei province, China. Since then, this novel coronavirus has spread worldwide, causing a pandemic; the respiratory disease caused by the virus is called coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). The clinical presentation ranges from asymptomatic to mild respiratory tract infections and influenza-like illness to severe disease with accompanying lung injury, multiorgan failure, and death. Although the lungs are believed to be the site at which SARS-CoV-2 replicates, infected patients often report other symptoms, suggesting the involvement of the gastrointestinal tract, heart, cardiovascular system, kidneys, and other organs; therefore, the following question arises: is COVID-19 a respiratory or systemic disease? This review aims to summarize existing data on the replication of SARS-CoV-2 in different tissues in both patients and ex vivo models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandra Synowiec
- Virogenetics Laboratory of Virology, Malopolska Centre of Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
| | - Artur Szczepański
- Virogenetics Laboratory of Virology, Malopolska Centre of Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
- Microbiology Department, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
| | - Emilia Barreto-Duran
- Virogenetics Laboratory of Virology, Malopolska Centre of Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
| | - Laurensius Kevin Lie
- Virogenetics Laboratory of Virology, Malopolska Centre of Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Pyrc
- Virogenetics Laboratory of Virology, Malopolska Centre of Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
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21
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Barh D, Tiwari S, Andrade BS, Weener ME, Góes-Neto A, Azevedo V, Ghosh P, Blum K, Ganguly NK. A novel multi-omics-based highly accurate prediction of symptoms, comorbid conditions, and possible long-term complications of COVID-19. Mol Omics 2021; 17:317-337. [PMID: 33683246 DOI: 10.1039/d0mo00189a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Comprehensive clinical pictures, comorbid conditions, and long-term complications of COVID-19 are still unknown. Recently, using a multi-omics-based strategy, we predicted potential drugs for COVID-19 with ∼70% accuracy. Herein, using a novel multi-omics-based bioinformatic approach and three ways of analysis, we identified the symptoms, comorbid conditions, and short-, mid-, and possible long-term complications of COVID-19 with >90% precision including 27 parent, 170 child, and 403 specific conditions. Among the specific conditions, 36 viral, 53 short-term, 62 short-mid-long-term, 194 mid-long-term, and 57 congenital conditions are identified. At a threshold "count of occurrence" of 4, we found that 83-100% (average 92.67%) of enriched conditions are associated with COVID-19. Except for dry cough and loss of taste, all the other COVID-19-associated mild and severe symptoms are enriched. CVDs, and pulmonary, metabolic, musculoskeletal, neuropsychiatric, kidney, liver, and immune system disorders are top comorbid conditions. Specific diseases like myocardial infarction, hypertension, COPD, lung injury, diabetes, cirrhosis, mood disorders, dementia, macular degeneration, chronic kidney disease, lupus, arthritis, etc. along with several other NCDs were found to be top candidates. Interestingly, many cancers and congenital disorders associated with COVID-19 severity are also identified. Arthritis, gliomas, diabetes, psychiatric disorders, and CVDs having a bidirectional relationship with COVID-19 are also identified as top conditions. Based on our accuracy (>90%), the long-term presence of SARS-CoV-2 RNA in human, and our "genetic remittance" assumption, we hypothesize that all the identified top-ranked conditions could be potential long-term consequences in COVID-19 survivors, warranting long-term observational studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debmalya Barh
- Centre for Genomics and Applied Gene Technology, Institute of Integrative Omics and Applied Biotechnology (IIOAB), Nonakuri, Purba Medinipur, WB, India.
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22
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Altable M, de la Serna JM. Protection against COVID-19 in African population: Immunology, genetics, and malaria clues for therapeutic targets. Virus Res 2021; 299:198347. [PMID: 33631219 PMCID: PMC7898966 DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2021.198347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2020] [Revised: 02/14/2021] [Accepted: 02/15/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is a marked discrepancy between SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence and COVID-19 cases and deaths in Africa. MAIN: SARS-CoV-2 stimulates humoral and cellular immunity systems, as well as mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and nuclear NF-kB signalling pathways, which regulate inflammatory gene expression and immune cell differentiation. The result is pro-inflammatory cytokines release, hyperinflammatory condition, and cytokine storm, which provoke severe lung alterations that can lead to multi-organ failure in COVID-19. Multiple genetic and immunologic factors may contribute to the severity of COVID-19 in African individuals when compared to the rest of the global population. In this article, the role of malaria, NF-kB and MAPK pathways, caspase-12 expression, high level of LAIR-1-containing antibodies, and differential glycophorins (GYPA/B) expression in COVID-19 are discussed. CONCLUSION Understanding pathophysiological mechanisms can help identify target points for drugs and vaccines development against COVID-19. To our knowledge, this is the first study that explores this link and proposes a biological and molecular answer to the epidemiologic discrepancy in COVID-19 in Africa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcos Altable
- Private Practice of Neurology, Neuroceuta. (Virgen de África Clinic), Ceuta, Spain.
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23
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Salamanna F, Maglio M, Landini MP, Fini M. Body Localization of ACE-2: On the Trail of the Keyhole of SARS-CoV-2. Front Med (Lausanne) 2020; 7:594495. [PMID: 33344479 PMCID: PMC7744810 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2020.594495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2020] [Accepted: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The explosion of the new coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic has brought the role of the angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) back into the scientific limelight. Since SARS-CoV-2 must bind the ACE2 for entering the host cells in humans, its expression and body localization are critical to track the potential target organ of this infection and to outline disease progression and clinical outcomes. Here, we mapped the physiological body distribution, expression, and activities of ACE2 and discussed its potential correlations and mutal interactions with the disparate symptoms present in SARS-CoV-2 patients at the level of different organs. We highlighted that despite during SARS-CoV-2 infection ACE2-expressing organs may become direct targets, leading to severe pathological manifestations, and subsequent multiple organ failures, the exact mechanism and the potential interactions through which ACE2 acts in these organs is still heavily debated. Further scientific efforts, also considering a personalized approach aimed to consider specific patient differences in the mutual interactions ACE2-SARS-CoV-2 and the long-term health effects associated with COVID-19 are currently mandatory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Salamanna
- Surgical Sciences and Technologies, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Bologna, Italy
| | - Melania Maglio
- Surgical Sciences and Technologies, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Bologna, Italy
| | - Maria Paola Landini
- Scientific Direction, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Bologna, Italy
| | - Milena Fini
- Surgical Sciences and Technologies, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Bologna, Italy
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24
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Madjunkov M, Dviri M, Librach C. A comprehensive review of the impact of COVID-19 on human reproductive biology, assisted reproduction care and pregnancy: a Canadian perspective. J Ovarian Res 2020; 13:140. [PMID: 33246480 PMCID: PMC7694590 DOI: 10.1186/s13048-020-00737-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2020] [Accepted: 11/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Currently, the world is in the seventh month of the COVID-19 pandemic. Globally, infections with novel SARS-CoV-2 virus are continuously rising with mounting numbers of deaths. International and local public health responses, almost in synchrony, imposed restrictions to minimize spread of the virus, overload of health system capacity, and deficit of personal protective equipment (PPE). Although in most cases the symptoms are mild or absent, SARS-CoV-2 infection can lead to serious acute respiratory disease and multisystem failure. The research community responded to this new disease with a high level of transparency and data sharing; with the aim to better understand the origin, pathophysiology, epidemiology and clinical manifestations. The ultimate goal of this research is to develop vaccines for prevention, mitigation strategies, as well as potential therapeutics.The aim of this review is to summarize current knowledge regarding the novel SARS CoV-2, including its pathophysiology and epidemiology, as well as, what is known about the potential impact of COVID-19 on reproduction, fertility care, pregnancy and neonatal outcome. This summary also evaluates the effects of this pandemic on reproductive care and research, from Canadian perspective, and discusses future implications.In summary, reported data on pregnant women is limited, suggesting that COVID-19 symptoms and severity of the disease during pregnancy are similar to those in non-pregnant women, with pregnancy outcomes closely related to severity of maternal disease. Evidence of SARS-CoV-2 effects on gametes is limited. Human reproduction societies have issued guidelines for practice during COVID-19 pandemic that include implementation of mitigation practices and infection control protocols in fertility care units. In Canada, imposed restrictions at the beginning of the pandemic were successful in containing spread of the infection, allowing for eventual resumption of assisted reproductive treatments under new guidelines for practice. Canada dedicated funds to support COVID-19 research including a surveillance study to monitor outcomes of COVID-19 during pregnancy and assisted reproduction. Continuous evaluation of new evidence must be in place to carefully adjust recommendations on patient management during assisted reproductive technologies (ART) and in pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitko Madjunkov
- CReATe Fertility Centre, 790 Bay Street, Suite 1100, Toronto, M5G1N8, Canada.
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.
| | - Michal Dviri
- CReATe Fertility Centre, 790 Bay Street, Suite 1100, Toronto, M5G1N8, Canada
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Clifford Librach
- CReATe Fertility Centre, 790 Bay Street, Suite 1100, Toronto, M5G1N8, Canada.
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.
- Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.
- Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.
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25
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Pascolo L, Zito G, Zupin L, Luppi S, Giolo E, Martinelli M, De Rocco D, Crovella S, Ricci G. Renin Angiotensin System, COVID-19 and Male Fertility: Any Risk for Conceiving? Microorganisms 2020; 8:E1492. [PMID: 32998451 PMCID: PMC7601043 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms8101492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2020] [Revised: 09/08/2020] [Accepted: 09/25/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The current knowledge concerning the connection between severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) system in the male reproductive apparatus is still limited, so dedicated studies are urgently required. Concerns about the male fertility consequences of SARS-CoV-2 infection have started to emerge, since epidemiologic studies observed that this coronavirus affects male patients more frequently and with increased severity, possibly because of the hormone-regulated expression of angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptor. A disturbance in fertility is also expected based on studies of the previous SARS-CoV infection, which targets the same ACE2 receptor when entering the host cells. In addition, bioinformatics analyses reveal the abundant expression of ACE2 receptor in the male reproductive tissues, particularly in the testis. It has been proposed that pharmacological intervention favoring the angiotensin-(1-7)/ACE2/Mas receptor pathway and increasing ACE2 expression and activity could greatly prevent inflammatory lesions in this area. Finally, in laboratories performing assisted reproductive technologies it is recommended that more attention should be paid not only to sperm quality but also to safety aspects. Data about the potential infectivity of seminal fluid are in fact conflicting and do not exclude risks for both personnel and patients. The potential infectivity of SARS-CoV-2 in reproductive male tissues should be strongly considered and further investigated for the proper management of in vitro fertilization procedures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorella Pascolo
- Institute for Maternal and Child Health, IRCCS Burlo Garofolo, 34137 Trieste, Italy; (S.L.); (E.G.); (M.M.); (D.D.R.); (S.C.); (G.R.)
| | - Gabriella Zito
- Institute for Maternal and Child Health, IRCCS Burlo Garofolo, 34137 Trieste, Italy; (S.L.); (E.G.); (M.M.); (D.D.R.); (S.C.); (G.R.)
| | - Luisa Zupin
- Institute for Maternal and Child Health, IRCCS Burlo Garofolo, 34137 Trieste, Italy; (S.L.); (E.G.); (M.M.); (D.D.R.); (S.C.); (G.R.)
| | - Stefania Luppi
- Institute for Maternal and Child Health, IRCCS Burlo Garofolo, 34137 Trieste, Italy; (S.L.); (E.G.); (M.M.); (D.D.R.); (S.C.); (G.R.)
| | - Elena Giolo
- Institute for Maternal and Child Health, IRCCS Burlo Garofolo, 34137 Trieste, Italy; (S.L.); (E.G.); (M.M.); (D.D.R.); (S.C.); (G.R.)
| | - Monica Martinelli
- Institute for Maternal and Child Health, IRCCS Burlo Garofolo, 34137 Trieste, Italy; (S.L.); (E.G.); (M.M.); (D.D.R.); (S.C.); (G.R.)
| | - Daniela De Rocco
- Institute for Maternal and Child Health, IRCCS Burlo Garofolo, 34137 Trieste, Italy; (S.L.); (E.G.); (M.M.); (D.D.R.); (S.C.); (G.R.)
| | - Sergio Crovella
- Institute for Maternal and Child Health, IRCCS Burlo Garofolo, 34137 Trieste, Italy; (S.L.); (E.G.); (M.M.); (D.D.R.); (S.C.); (G.R.)
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, 34137 Trieste, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Ricci
- Institute for Maternal and Child Health, IRCCS Burlo Garofolo, 34137 Trieste, Italy; (S.L.); (E.G.); (M.M.); (D.D.R.); (S.C.); (G.R.)
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, 34137 Trieste, Italy
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