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Pulido-González N, García-Rodríguez S, Torres B, Rams J. Microstructure and Wear Behavior of Heat-Treated Mg-1Zn-1Ca Alloy for Biomedical Applications. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 17:70. [PMID: 38203923 PMCID: PMC10779524 DOI: 10.3390/ma17010070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2023] [Revised: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
The microstructure and wear properties of a Mg-1wt.% Zn-1wt.% Ca (ZX11) alloy with different heat treatments have been investigated. The ZX11 alloy was tested in the as-cast state and after different heat treatment conditions: solution-treated (at 450 °C for 24 h), peak-aged (solution-treated + aged at 180 °C for 3 h), and over-aged (solution-treated + aged at 180 °C for 24 h). The microstructure of the as-cast sample showed a continuous intermetallic phase at the grain boundaries, while the heat-treated samples exhibited discrete precipitated particles within the grains. To evaluate the wear behavior, the samples were tested using a pin-on-disc configuration, where the wear rates and friction coefficients were measured at different loads and sliding speeds. An AZ31 magnesium alloy was used as the counterbody. The worn surfaces and the wear debris were studied to identify the main wear mechanisms corresponding to each test condition. The results indicated the presence of abrasion, oxidation, and adhesive wear mechanisms in all testing conditions. In the as-cast state, delamination and plastic deformation were the dominant wear mechanisms, while they were less relevant in the heat-treated conditions. The peak-aged samples exhibited the lowest wear rates, suggesting that modifying the distribution of intermetallic precipitates contributed to enhancing the wear resistance of the alloy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Belén Torres
- Departamento de Matemática Aplicada, Ciencia e Ingeniería de Materiales y Tecnología Electrónica, Escuela Superior de Ciencias Experimentales y Tecnología, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, C/Tulipán s/n, Móstoles, 28933 Madrid, Spain; (N.P.-G.); (S.G.-R.); (J.R.)
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2
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Martinez DC, Dobkowska A, Marek R, Ćwieka H, Jaroszewicz J, Płociński T, Donik Č, Helmholz H, Luthringer-Feyerabend B, Zeller-Plumhoff B, Willumeit-Römer R, Święszkowski W. In vitro and in vivo degradation behavior of Mg-0.45Zn-0.45Ca (ZX00) screws for orthopedic applications. Bioact Mater 2023; 28:132-154. [PMID: 37250863 PMCID: PMC10209338 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2023.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Revised: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Magnesium (Mg) alloys have become a potential material for orthopedic implants due to their unnecessary implant removal, biocompatibility, and mechanical integrity until fracture healing. This study examined the in vitro and in vivo degradation of an Mg fixation screw composed of Mg-0.45Zn-0.45Ca (ZX00, in wt.%). With ZX00 human-sized implants, in vitro immersion tests up to 28 days under physiological conditions, along with electrochemical measurements were performed for the first time. In addition, ZX00 screws were implanted in the diaphysis of sheep for 6, 12, and 24 weeks to assess the degradation and biocompatibility of the screws in vivo. Using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) coupled with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), micro-computed tomography (μCT), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and histology, the surface and cross-sectional morphologies of the corrosion layers formed, as well as the bone-corrosion-layer-implant interfaces, were analyzed. Our findings from in vivo testing demonstrated that ZX00 alloy promotes bone healing and the formation of new bone in direct contact with the corrosion products. In addition, the same elemental composition of corrosion products was observed for in vitro and in vivo experiments; however, their elemental distribution and thicknesses differ depending on the implant location. Our findings suggest that the corrosion resistance was microstructure-dependent. The head zone was the least corrosion-resistant, indicating that the production procedure could impact the corrosion performance of the implant. In spite of this, the formation of new bone and no adverse effects on the surrounding tissues demonstrated that the ZX00 is a suitable Mg-based alloy for temporary bone implants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana C. Martinez
- Biomaterials Group, Materials Design Division, Faculty of Materials Science and Engineering, Warsaw University of Technology, Wołoska 141, 02-507, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Anna Dobkowska
- Biomaterials Group, Materials Design Division, Faculty of Materials Science and Engineering, Warsaw University of Technology, Wołoska 141, 02-507, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Romy Marek
- Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Medical University of Graz, Auenbruggerplatz 5, 8036, Graz, Austria
| | - Hanna Ćwieka
- Institute of Metallic Biomaterials, Helmholtz-Zentrum Hereon GmbH, 21502, Geesthacht, Germany
| | - Jakub Jaroszewicz
- Biomaterials Group, Materials Design Division, Faculty of Materials Science and Engineering, Warsaw University of Technology, Wołoska 141, 02-507, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Tomasz Płociński
- Biomaterials Group, Materials Design Division, Faculty of Materials Science and Engineering, Warsaw University of Technology, Wołoska 141, 02-507, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Črtomir Donik
- Department of Physics and Chemistry of Materials, Institute of Metals and Technology, University of Ljubljana, Lepi Pot 11, SI-1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Heike Helmholz
- Institute of Metallic Biomaterials, Helmholtz-Zentrum Hereon GmbH, 21502, Geesthacht, Germany
| | | | - Berit Zeller-Plumhoff
- Institute of Metallic Biomaterials, Helmholtz-Zentrum Hereon GmbH, 21502, Geesthacht, Germany
| | - Regine Willumeit-Römer
- Institute of Metallic Biomaterials, Helmholtz-Zentrum Hereon GmbH, 21502, Geesthacht, Germany
| | - Wojciech Święszkowski
- Biomaterials Group, Materials Design Division, Faculty of Materials Science and Engineering, Warsaw University of Technology, Wołoska 141, 02-507, Warsaw, Poland
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3
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Bita T, Antoniac A, Ciuca I, Miculescu M, Cotrut CM, Paltanea G, Dura H, Corneschi I, Antoniac I, Carstoc ID, Bodog AD. Effect of Fluoride Coatings on the Corrosion Behavior of Mg-Zn-Ca-Mn Alloys for Medical Application. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 16:4508. [PMID: 37444822 DOI: 10.3390/ma16134508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Revised: 06/14/2023] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023]
Abstract
The most critical shortcoming of magnesium alloys from the point of view of medical devices is the high corrosion rate, which is not well-correlated with clinical needs. It is well- known that rapid degradation occurs when an implant made of Mg-based alloys is placed inside the human body. Consequently, the implant loses its mechanical properties and failure can occur even if it is not completely degraded. The corrosion products that appear after Mg-based alloy degradation, such as H2 and OH- can have an essential role in decreasing biocompatibility due to the H2 accumulation process in the tissues near the implant. In order to control the degradation process of the Mg-based alloys, different coatings could be applied. The aim of the current paper is to evaluate the effect of fluoride coatings on the corrosion behavior of magnesium alloys from the system Mg-Zn-Ca-Mn potentially used for orthopedic trauma implants. The main functional properties required for the magnesium alloys to be used as implant materials, such as surface properties and corrosion behavior, were studied before and after surface modifications by fluoride conversion, with and without preliminary sandblasting, of two magnesium alloys from the system Mg-Zn-Ca-Mn. The experimental results showed that chemical conversion treatment with hydrofluoric acid is useful as a method of increasing corrosion resistance for the experimental magnesium alloys from the Mg-Zn-Ca-Mn system. Also, high surface free energy values obtained for the alloys treated with hydrofluoric acid correlated with wettability lead to the conclusion that there is an increased chance for biological factor adsorption and cell proliferation. Chemical conversion treatment with hydrofluoric acid is useful as a method of increasing corrosion resistance for the experimental Mg-Zn-Ca-Mn alloys.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiberiu Bita
- Faculty of Material Science and Engineering, University Politehnica of Bucharest, 313 Splaiul Independentei, District 6, 060042 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Aurora Antoniac
- Faculty of Material Science and Engineering, University Politehnica of Bucharest, 313 Splaiul Independentei, District 6, 060042 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Ion Ciuca
- Faculty of Material Science and Engineering, University Politehnica of Bucharest, 313 Splaiul Independentei, District 6, 060042 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Marian Miculescu
- Faculty of Material Science and Engineering, University Politehnica of Bucharest, 313 Splaiul Independentei, District 6, 060042 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Cosmin Mihai Cotrut
- Faculty of Material Science and Engineering, University Politehnica of Bucharest, 313 Splaiul Independentei, District 6, 060042 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Gheorghe Paltanea
- Faculty of Electrical Engineering, University Politehnica of Bucharest, 313 Splaiul Independentei, District 6, 060042 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Horatiu Dura
- Faculty of Medicine, Lucian Blaga University of Sibiu, 2A Lucian Blaga Street, 550169 Sibiu, Romania
| | - Iuliana Corneschi
- Romfire Protect Solution S.R.L., 39 Drumul Taberei, District 6, 061359 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Iulian Antoniac
- Faculty of Material Science and Engineering, University Politehnica of Bucharest, 313 Splaiul Independentei, District 6, 060042 Bucharest, Romania
- Academy of Romania Scientist, 54 Splaiul Independentei, 050094 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Ioana Dana Carstoc
- Faculty of Medicine, Lucian Blaga University of Sibiu, 2A Lucian Blaga Street, 550169 Sibiu, Romania
| | - Alin Danut Bodog
- Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, 10 P-ta 1 December Street, 410073 Oradea, Romania
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Vinogradov A, Merson E, Myagkikh P, Linderov M, Brilevsky A, Merson D. Attaining High Functional Performance in Biodegradable Mg-Alloys: An Overview of Challenges and Prospects for the Mg-Zn-Ca System. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 16:1324. [PMID: 36770330 PMCID: PMC9920771 DOI: 10.3390/ma16031324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Revised: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
This article presents a concise overview of modern achievements and existing knowledge gaps in the area of biodegradable magnesium alloys. Hundreds of Mg-based alloys have been proposed as candidates for temporary implants, and this number tends to increase day by day. Therefore, while reviewing common aspects of research in this field, we confine ourselves primarily to the popular Mg-Zn-Ca system, taken as a representative example. Over the last decades, research activities in this area have grown enormously and have produced many exciting results. Aiming at highlighting the areas where research efforts are still scarce, we review the state-of-the-art processing techniques and summarize the functional properties attained via a wide variety of processing routes devised towards achieving a desired properties profile, including the mechanical response in terms of strength, ductility, and fatigue resistance paired with biocompatibility and bio-corrosion resistance or controlled degradability. We pay keen attention to a summary of corrosion properties and mechano-chemical interactions between an aggressive environment and loaded Mg-based structures, resulting in stress corrosion cracking and premature corrosion fatigue failures. The polemic issues and challenges practitioners face in their laboratory research are identified and discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexei Vinogradov
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 4791 Trondheim, Norway
- Magnesium Research Center, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto 860-8555, Japan
| | - Evgeniy Merson
- Institute of Advanced Technologies, Togliatti State University, 445020 Togliatti, Russia
| | - Pavel Myagkikh
- Institute of Advanced Technologies, Togliatti State University, 445020 Togliatti, Russia
| | - Mikhail Linderov
- Institute of Advanced Technologies, Togliatti State University, 445020 Togliatti, Russia
| | - Alexandr Brilevsky
- Institute of Advanced Technologies, Togliatti State University, 445020 Togliatti, Russia
| | - Dmitry Merson
- Institute of Advanced Technologies, Togliatti State University, 445020 Togliatti, Russia
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Pulido-González N, García-Rodríguez S, Torres B, Rams J. Effect of Heat Treatment on the Dry Sliding Wear Behavior of the Mg-3Zn-0.4Ca Alloy for Biodegradable Implants. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 16:ma16020661. [PMID: 36676398 PMCID: PMC9864879 DOI: 10.3390/ma16020661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2022] [Revised: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 12/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The wear behavior of the Mg-3wt.% Zn-0.4wt.% Ca (ZX30) alloy was tested using a pin-on-disc configuration with AZ31 alloy discs as counterparts under dry sliding conditions. The ZX30 alloy was tested in different states: as-cast, solution-treated, peak-aged, and over-aged. Wear rates and friction coefficients were measured at different loads and sliding speeds. Abrasion and oxidation were the main wear mechanisms found in all the conditions tested. Moreover, aluminum oxides were detected on the worn surfaces, which indicates the presence of an adhesive wear mechanism. The wear behavior of the studied ZX30 alloy showed a greater tendency towards oxidative wear than other Mg alloys, and the microstructure observed strongly affected the wear behavior.
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6
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Zhang T, Wang W, Liu J, Wang L, Tang Y, Wang K. A review on magnesium alloys for biomedical applications. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 10:953344. [PMID: 36051586 PMCID: PMC9424554 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.953344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Magnesium (Mg) and Mg alloys are considered as potential candidates for biomedical applications because of their high specific strength, low density, and elastic modulus, degradability, good biocompatibility and biomechanical compatibility. However, the rapid corrosion rate of Mg alloys results in premature loss of mechanical integrity, limiting their clinical application in load-bearing parts. Besides, the low strength of Mg alloys restricts their further application. Thus, it is essential to understand the characteristics and influencing factors of mechanical and corrosion behavior, as well as the methods to improve the mechanical performances and corrosion resistance of Mg alloys. This paper reviews the recent progress in elucidating the corrosion mechanism, optimizing the composition, and microstructure, enhancing the mechanical performances, and controlling the degradation rate of Mg alloys. In particular, the research progress of surface modification technology of Mg alloys is emphasized. Finally, the development direction of biomedical Mg alloys in the future is prospected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Zhang
- School of Metallurgical Engineering, Xi’an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi’an, China
| | - Wen Wang
- School of Metallurgical Engineering, Xi’an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi’an, China
| | - Jia Liu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Affiliated Hospital of Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise, Guangxi, China
- *Correspondence: Jia Liu, ; Kuaishe Wang,
| | - Liqiang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, School of Material Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yujin Tang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Affiliated Hospital of Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise, Guangxi, China
| | - Kuaishe Wang
- School of Metallurgical Engineering, Xi’an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi’an, China
- *Correspondence: Jia Liu, ; Kuaishe Wang,
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7
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Tun KS, Padnuru Sripathy A, Tekumalla S, Gupta M. Development of Novel Lightweight Metastable Metal-(Metal + Ceramic) Composites Using a New Powder Metallurgy Approach. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 13:E3283. [PMID: 32718023 PMCID: PMC7436037 DOI: 10.3390/ma13153283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2020] [Revised: 07/17/2020] [Accepted: 07/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
In the current study, metal-(metal + ceramic) composites composed of biocompatible elements, magnesium (Mg), zinc (Zn), calcium (Ca) and manganese (Mn) were synthesized using a sinter-less powder metallurgy method. The composite has a composition of Mg49Zn49Ca1Mn1 (wt.%) in which the compositional ratio between Mg and Zn was chosen to be near eutectic Mg-Zn composition. The synthesis method was designed to avoid/minimize intermetallic formation by using processing temperatures lower than the Mg-Zn binary eutectic temperature (~ 340 °C). The synthesis process involved extrusion of green compacts at two different temperatures, 150 °C and 200 °C, without sintering. Extrusion was performed directly on the green compacts as well as on the compacts soaked at temperatures of 150 °C and 200 °C, respectively. Microstructure and mechanical properties of the materials synthesized under various processing conditions were investigated. Effect of extrusion temperature as well as soaking temperature on the materials' properties were also evaluated in details and different properties showed an optimum under different conditions. All the synthesized materials showed no evidence of intermetallic formation which was confirmed by SEM/EDS, XRD, and Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) techniques. The study establishes development of unconventional metal-(metal + ceramic) eco-friendly composites and provides important insight into realizing certain properties without using sintering step thus to minimize the energy consumption of the process. The study also highlights the use of magnesium turnings (recyclability) to develop advanced materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khin Sandar Tun
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119077, Singapore; (K.S.T.); (A.P.S.)
| | - Akshay Padnuru Sripathy
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119077, Singapore; (K.S.T.); (A.P.S.)
| | - Sravya Tekumalla
- School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 639798, Singapore;
| | - Manoj Gupta
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119077, Singapore; (K.S.T.); (A.P.S.)
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8
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Dehghan-Manshadi A, Yu P, Dargusch M, StJohn D, Qian M. Metal injection moulding of surgical tools, biomaterials and medical devices: A review. POWDER TECHNOL 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.powtec.2020.01.073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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9
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Zhang C, Lin J, Nguyen NYT, Guo Y, Xu C, Seo C, Villafana E, Jimenez H, Chai Y, Guan R, Liu H. Antimicrobial Bioresorbable Mg-Zn-Ca Alloy for Bone Repair in a Comparison Study with Mg-Zn-Sr Alloy and Pure Mg. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2019; 6:517-538. [PMID: 33463195 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.9b00903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Magnesium-zinc-calcium (Mg-Zn-Ca) alloys have attracted increasing attention for biomedical implant applications, especially for bone repair, because of their biocompatibility, biodegradability, and similar mechanical properties to human bone. The objectives of this study were to characterize Mg-2 wt % Zn-0.5 wt % Ca (named ZC21) alloy pins microstructurally and mechanically, and determine their degradation and interactions with host cells and pathogenic bacteria in vitro and in vivo in comparison with the previously studied Mg-4 wt % Zn-1 wt % strontium (named ZSr41) alloy and Mg control. Specifically, the in vitro degradation and cytocompatibility of ZC21 pins with bone marrow derived mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) were investigated using both direct culture and direct exposure culture methods. The adhesion density of BMSCs on ZC21 pins (i.e., direct contact) was significantly higher than on pure Mg pins in both in vitro culture methods; the cell adhesion density around ZC21 pins (i.e., indirect contact) was similar to the cell-only positive control in both in vitro culture methods. Interestingly, ZC21 showed a higher daily degradation rate, crack width and crack area ratio in the direct exposure culture than in the direct culture, suggesting different culture methods did affect its in vitro degradation behaviors. When cultured with Gram-positive bacteria methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), ZC21 reduced bacterial adhesion on the surface more significantly than that of ZSr41 and Mg. The in vivo degradation and biocompatibility of the ZC21 pins for bone regeneration were studied in a mouse femoral defect model. The in vivo degradation rate of ZC21 pins was much slower than that of ZSr41 alloy and Mg control pins. After 12 weeks of implantation in vivo, the ZC21 group showed the shortest gap at the femoral defect, indicating that ZC21 pins promoted osteogenesis and bone healing more than ZSr41 and Mg control pins. Overall, the ZC21 alloy is promising for bone repair, while providing antibacterial activities, and should be further studied toward clinical translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaoxing Zhang
- Materials Science and Engineering Program, University of California at Riverside, 900 University Avenue, Riverside, California 92521, United States.,Department of Bioengineering, University of California at Riverside, 900 University Avenue, Riverside, California 92521, United States
| | - Jiajia Lin
- Materials Science and Engineering Program, University of California at Riverside, 900 University Avenue, Riverside, California 92521, United States.,Department of Bioengineering, University of California at Riverside, 900 University Avenue, Riverside, California 92521, United States
| | - Nhu-Y Thi Nguyen
- Microbiology Graduate Program, University of California at Riverside, 900 University Avenue, Riverside, California 92521, United States
| | - Yuxing Guo
- Center for Craniofacial Molecular Biology, Herman Ostrow School of Dentistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90007, United States
| | - Changlu Xu
- Materials Science and Engineering Program, University of California at Riverside, 900 University Avenue, Riverside, California 92521, United States.,Department of Bioengineering, University of California at Riverside, 900 University Avenue, Riverside, California 92521, United States
| | - Catherine Seo
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California at Riverside, 900 University Avenue, Riverside, California 92521, United States
| | - Edgar Villafana
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California at Riverside, 900 University Avenue, Riverside, California 92521, United States
| | - Hector Jimenez
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California at Riverside, 900 University Avenue, Riverside, California 92521, United States
| | - Yang Chai
- Center for Craniofacial Molecular Biology, Herman Ostrow School of Dentistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90007, United States
| | - Renguo Guan
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110819, China
| | - Huinan Liu
- Materials Science and Engineering Program, University of California at Riverside, 900 University Avenue, Riverside, California 92521, United States.,Department of Bioengineering, University of California at Riverside, 900 University Avenue, Riverside, California 92521, United States.,Microbiology Graduate Program, University of California at Riverside, 900 University Avenue, Riverside, California 92521, United States.,Biomedical Sciences Program, School of Medicine, University of California at Riverside, 900 University Avenue, Riverside, California 92521, United States.,Stem Cell Center, University of California at Riverside, 900 University Avenue, Riverside, California 92521, United States
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10
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiahui Zhang
- Mechanical and Automotive Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, China
| | - Yihua Feng
- Mechanical and Automotive Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, China
| | - Xuan Zhou
- Mechanical and Automotive Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, China
| | - Yanbin Shi
- Mechanical and Automotive Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, China
| | - Li Wang
- Mechanical and Automotive Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, China
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11
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Miao H, Zhang D, Chen C, Zhang L, Pei J, Su Y, Huang H, Wang Z, Kang B, Ding W, Zeng H, Yuan G. Research on Biodegradable Mg–Zn–Gd Alloys for Potential Orthopedic Implants: In Vitro and in Vivo Evaluations. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2019; 5:1623-1634. [DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.8b01563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hongwei Miao
- National Engineering Research Center of Light Alloy Net Forming and Key State Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai 200240, China
- International Iberian Nanotechnology Laboratory, Braga 4715-330, Portugal
| | - Dandan Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, China
| | - Chenxin Chen
- National Engineering Research Center of Light Alloy Net Forming and Key State Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- National Engineering Research Center of Light Alloy Net Forming and Key State Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Jia Pei
- National Engineering Research Center of Light Alloy Net Forming and Key State Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Yun Su
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, China
| | - Hua Huang
- National Engineering Research Center of Light Alloy Net Forming and Key State Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Zhongchang Wang
- International Iberian Nanotechnology Laboratory, Braga 4715-330, Portugal
| | - Bin Kang
- Department of Orthopedics, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen 518036, China
| | - Wenjiang Ding
- National Engineering Research Center of Light Alloy Net Forming and Key State Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Hui Zeng
- Department of Orthopedics, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen 518036, China
| | - Guangyin Yuan
- National Engineering Research Center of Light Alloy Net Forming and Key State Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai 200240, China
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12
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Champagne S, Mostaed E, Safizadeh F, Ghali E, Vedani M, Hermawan H. In Vitro Degradation of Absorbable Zinc Alloys in Artificial Urine. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2019; 12:E295. [PMID: 30669269 PMCID: PMC6356898 DOI: 10.3390/ma12020295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2018] [Revised: 01/09/2019] [Accepted: 01/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Absorbable metals have potential for making in-demand rigid temporary stents for the treatment of urinary tract obstruction, where polymers have reached their limits. In this work, in vitro degradation behavior of absorbable zinc alloys in artificial urine was studied using electrochemical methods and advanced surface characterization techniques with a comparison to a magnesium alloy. The results showed that pure zinc and its alloys (Zn⁻0.5Mg, Zn⁻1Mg, Zn⁻0.5Al) exhibited slower corrosion than pure magnesium and an Mg⁻2Zn⁻1Mn alloy. The corrosion layer was composed mostly of hydroxide, carbonate, and phosphate, without calcium content for the zinc group. Among all tested metals, the Zn⁻0.5Al alloy exhibited a uniform corrosion layer with low affinity with the ions in artificial urine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sébastien Champagne
- Department of Mining, Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, Laval University, 1065 avenue de la Médecine, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada.
- Research Center of CHU de Québec, 10 rue de l'Espinay, Québec, QC G1L 3L5, Canada.
| | - Ehsan Mostaed
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Politecnico di Milano, Via La Masa 1, 20156 Milan, Italy.
| | - Fariba Safizadeh
- Department of Mining, Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, Laval University, 1065 avenue de la Médecine, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada.
| | - Edward Ghali
- Department of Mining, Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, Laval University, 1065 avenue de la Médecine, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada.
| | - Maurizio Vedani
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Politecnico di Milano, Via La Masa 1, 20156 Milan, Italy.
| | - Hendra Hermawan
- Department of Mining, Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, Laval University, 1065 avenue de la Médecine, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada.
- Research Center of CHU de Québec, 10 rue de l'Espinay, Québec, QC G1L 3L5, Canada.
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13
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Yao H, Wen JB, Xiong Y, Lu Y, Huttula M. Microstructure Evolution in Mg-Zn-Zr-Gd Biodegradable Alloy: The Decisive Bridge Between Extrusion Temperature and Performance. Front Chem 2018; 6:71. [PMID: 29616216 PMCID: PMC5869918 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2018.00071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2018] [Accepted: 03/06/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Being a biocompatible metal with similar mechanical properties as bones, magnesium bears both biodegradability suitable for bone substitution and chemical reactivity detrimental in bio-ambiences. To benefit its biomaterial applications, we developed Mg-2.0Zn-0.5Zr-3.0Gd (wt%) alloy through hot extrusion and tailored its biodegradability by just varying the extrusion temperatures during alloy preparations. The as-cast alloy is composed of the α-Mg matrix, a network of the fish-bone shaped and ellipsoidal (Mg, Zn)3Gd phase, and a lamellar long period stacking ordered phase. Surface content of dynamically recrystallized (DRXed) and large deformed grains increases within 330–350°C of the extrusion temperature, and decreases within 350–370°C. Sample second phase contains the (Mg, Zn)3Gd nano-rods parallel to the extrusion direction, and Mg2Zn11 nanoprecipitation when temperature tuned above 350°C. Refining microstructures leads to different anticorrosive ability of the alloys as given by immersion and electrochemical corrosion tests in the simulated body fluids. The sample extruded at 350°C owns the best anticorrosive ability thanks to structural impacts where large DRXed portions and uniform nanosized grains reduce chemical potentials among composites, and passivate the extruded surfaces. Besides materials applications, the in vitro mechanism revealed here is hoped to inspire similar researches in biometal developments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huai Yao
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang Henan, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center of Nonferrous Metals of Henan Province, Luoyang Henan, China
| | - Jiu-Ba Wen
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang Henan, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center of Nonferrous Metals of Henan Province, Luoyang Henan, China
| | - Yi Xiong
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang Henan, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center of Nonferrous Metals of Henan Province, Luoyang Henan, China
| | - Yan Lu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang Henan, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center of Nonferrous Metals of Henan Province, Luoyang Henan, China
| | - Marko Huttula
- Nano and Molecular Systems Research Unit, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
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Ion Implantation of Calcium and Zinc in Magnesium for Biodegradable Implant Applications. METALS 2018. [DOI: 10.3390/met8010030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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15
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Bio-corrosion behavior and mechanical characteristics of magnesium-titania-hydroxyapatite nanocomposites coated by magnesium-oxide flakes and silicon for use as resorbable bone fixation material. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2018; 77:360-374. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2017.09.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2017] [Revised: 09/21/2017] [Accepted: 09/25/2017] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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16
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Biodegradable Mg/HA/TiO2 Nanocomposites Coated with MgO and Si/MgO for Orthopedic Applications: A Study on the Corrosion, Surface Characterization, and Biocompatability. COATINGS 2017. [DOI: 10.3390/coatings7100154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
In the field of orthopedics, magnesium (Mg) and magnesium-based composites as biodegradable materials have attracted fundamental research. However, the medical applications of magnesium implants have been restricted owing to their poor corrosion resistance, especially in the physiological environment. To improve the corrosion resistance of Mg/HA/TiO2 nanocomposites, monolayer MgO and double-layer Si/MgO coatings were fabricated layer-by-layer on the surface of a nanocomposite using a powder metallurgy route. Then, coating thickness, surface morphology, and chemical composition were determined, and the corrosion behavior of the uncoated and coated samples was evaluated. Field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) micrographs show that an inner MgO layer with a porous microstructure and thickness of around 34 μm is generated on the Mg/HA/TiO2 nanocomposite substrate, and that the outer Si layer thickness is obtained at around 23 μm for the double-layered coated sample. Electrochemical corrosion tests and immersion corrosion tests were carried out on the uncoated and coated samples and the Si/MgO-coated nanocomposite showed significantly improved corrosion resistance compared with uncoated Mg/HA/TiO2 in simulated body fluid (SBF). Corrosion products comprising Mg(OH)2, HA, Ca3(PO4)2, and amorphous CaP components were precipitated on the immersed samples. Improved cytocompatibility was observed with coating as the cell viability ranged from 73% in uncoated to 88% for Si/MgO-coated Mg/HA/TiO2 nanocomposite after nine days of incubation.
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Sikora-Jasinska M, Paternoster C, Mostaed E, Tolouei R, Casati R, Vedani M, Mantovani D. Synthesis, mechanical properties and corrosion behavior of powder metallurgy processed Fe/Mg 2Si composites for biodegradable implant applications. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2017; 81:511-521. [PMID: 28888005 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2017.07.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2016] [Revised: 05/19/2017] [Accepted: 07/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Recently, Fe and Fe-based alloys have shown their potential as degradable materials for biomedical applications. Nevertheless, the slow corrosion rate limits their performance in certain situations. The shift to iron matrix composites represents a possible approach, not only to improve the mechanical properties, but also to accelerate and tune the corrosion rate in a physiological environment. In this work, Fe-based composites reinforced by Mg2Si particles were proposed. The initial powders were prepared by different combinations of mixing and milling processes, and finally consolidated by hot rolling. The influence of the microstructure on mechanical properties and corrosion behavior of Fe/Mg2Si was investigated. Scanning electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction were used for the assessment of the composite structure. Tensile and hardness tests were performed to characterize the mechanical properties. Potentiodynamic and static corrosion tests were carried out to investigate the corrosion behavior in a pseudo-physiological environment. Samples with smaller Mg2Si particles showed a more homogenous distribution of the reinforcement. Yield and ultimate tensile strength increased when compared to those of pure Fe (from 400MPa and 416MPa to 523MPa and 630MPa, respectively). Electrochemical measurements and immersion tests indicated that the addition of Mg2Si could increase the corrosion rate of Fe even twice (from 0.14 to 0.28mm·year-1). It was found that the preparation method of the initial composite powders played a major role in the corrosion process as well as in the corrosion mechanism of the final composite.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Sikora-Jasinska
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Politecnico di Milano, Milan, Italy; Lab. for Biomaterials & Bioengineering (CRC-I), Dept. Min-Met-Materials Engineering, Research Center CHU de Québec, Laval University, Québec City, Canada
| | - C Paternoster
- Lab. for Biomaterials & Bioengineering (CRC-I), Dept. Min-Met-Materials Engineering, Research Center CHU de Québec, Laval University, Québec City, Canada
| | - E Mostaed
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Politecnico di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - R Tolouei
- Lab. for Biomaterials & Bioengineering (CRC-I), Dept. Min-Met-Materials Engineering, Research Center CHU de Québec, Laval University, Québec City, Canada
| | - R Casati
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Politecnico di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - M Vedani
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Politecnico di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - D Mantovani
- Lab. for Biomaterials & Bioengineering (CRC-I), Dept. Min-Met-Materials Engineering, Research Center CHU de Québec, Laval University, Québec City, Canada.
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18
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Cipriano AF, Sallee A, Tayoba M, Cortez Alcaraz MC, Lin A, Guan RG, Zhao ZY, Liu H. Cytocompatibility and early inflammatory response of human endothelial cells in direct culture with Mg-Zn-Sr alloys. Acta Biomater 2017; 48:499-520. [PMID: 27746360 PMCID: PMC5873597 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2016.10.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2016] [Revised: 10/04/2016] [Accepted: 10/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Crystalline Mg-Zinc (Zn)-Strontium (Sr) ternary alloys consist of elements naturally present in the human body and provide attractive mechanical and biodegradable properties for a variety of biomedical applications. The first objective of this study was to investigate the degradation and cytocompatibility of four Mg-4Zn-xSr alloys (x=0.15, 0.5, 1.0, 1.5wt%; designated as ZSr41A, B, C, and D respectively) in the direct culture with human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) in vitro. The second objective was to investigate, for the first time, the early-stage inflammatory response in cultured HUVECs as indicated by the induction of vascular cellular adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1). The results showed that the 24-h in vitro degradation of the ZSr41 alloys containing a β-phase with a Zn/Sr at% ratio ∼1.5 was significantly faster than the ZSr41 alloys with Zn/Sr at% ∼1. Additionally, the adhesion density of HUVECs in the direct culture but not in direct contact with the ZSr41 alloys for up to 24h was not adversely affected by the degradation of the alloys. Importantly, neither culture media supplemented with up to 27.6mM Mg2+ ions nor media intentionally adjusted up to alkaline pH 9 induced any detectable adverse effects on HUVEC responses. In contrast, the significantly higher, yet non-cytotoxic, Zn2+ ion concentration from the degradation of ZSr41D alloy was likely the cause for the initially higher VCAM-1 expression on cultured HUVECs. Lastly, analysis of the HUVEC-ZSr41 interface showed near-complete absence of cell adhesion directly on the sample surface, most likely caused by either a high local alkalinity, change in surface topography, and/or surface composition. The direct culture method used in this study was proposed as a valuable tool for studying the design aspects of Zn-containing Mg-based biomaterials in vitro, in order to engineer solutions to address current shortcomings of Mg alloys for vascular device applications. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE Magnesium (Mg) alloys specifically designed for biodegradable implant applications have been the focus of biomedical research since the early 2000s. Physicochemical properties of Mg alloys make these metallic biomaterials excellent candidates for temporary biodegradable implants in orthopedic and cardiovascular applications. As Mg alloys continue to be investigated for biomedical applications, it is necessary to understand whether Mg-based materials or the alloying elements have the intrinsic ability to direct an immune response to improve implant integration while avoiding cell-biomaterial interactions leading to chronic inflammation and/or foreign body reactions. The present study utilized the direct culture method to investigate for the first time the in vitro transient inflammatory activation of endothelial cells induced by the degradation products of Zn-containing Mg alloys.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaron F Cipriano
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, USA; Materials Science & Engineering Program, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
| | - Amy Sallee
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
| | - Myla Tayoba
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
| | | | - Alan Lin
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
| | - Ren-Guo Guan
- School of Materials and Metallurgy, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110004, China
| | - Zhan-Yong Zhao
- School of Materials and Metallurgy, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110004, China
| | - Huinan Liu
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, USA; Materials Science & Engineering Program, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, USA; Stem Cell Center, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, USA; Cell, Molecular and Developmental Biology Program, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, USA.
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Pan CJ, Hou Y, Wang YN, Gao F, Liu T, Hou YH, Zhu YF, Ye W, Wang LR. Effects of self-assembly of 3-phosphonopropionic acid, 3-aminopropyltrimethoxysilane and dopamine on the corrosion behaviors and biocompatibility of a magnesium alloy. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2016; 67:132-143. [DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2016.05.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2016] [Revised: 04/18/2016] [Accepted: 05/09/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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20
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Effect of phosphate additives on the microstructure, bioactivity, and degradability of microarc oxidation coatings on Mg-Zn-Ca-Mn alloy. Biointerphases 2016; 11:031006. [PMID: 27440396 DOI: 10.1116/1.4959127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Calcium phosphate coatings were prepared on the surface of self-designed Mg-Zn-Ca-Mn alloy using microarc oxidization technology. To characterize the microstructures, cross-section morphologies, and compositions of the coatings, the authors used scanning electron microscopy equipped with an energy-disperse spectrometer, x-ray diffraction, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. Potentiodynamic polarization in the simulated body fluid (SBF) was used to evaluate the corrosion behaviors of the samples. An SBF immersion test was used to evaluate the coating bioactivity and degradability. After the immersion tests, some bonelike apatite formed on the coating surfaces indicate that bioactivity of the coatings is excellent. The coating prepared in electrolyte containing (NaPO3)6 had slower degradation rate after immersion test for 21 days.
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Long-term in vivo degradation behavior and near-implant distribution of resorbed elements for magnesium alloys WZ21 and ZX50. Acta Biomater 2016; 42:440-450. [PMID: 27343708 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2016.06.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2016] [Accepted: 06/17/2016] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED We report on the long-term effects of degrading magnesium implants on bone tissue in a growing rat skeleton using continuous in vivo micro-Computed Tomography, histological staining and Laser Ablation Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS). Two different magnesium alloys-one rapidly degrading (ZX50) and one slowly degrading (WZ21)-were used to evaluate the bone response and distribution of released Mg and Y ions in the femur of male Sprague-Dawley rats. Regardless of whether the alloy degrades rapidly or slowly, we found that bone recovers restitutio ad integrum after complete degradation of the magnesium implant. The degradation of the Mg alloys generates a significant increase in Mg concentration in the cortical bone near the remaining implant parts, but the Mg accumulation disappears after the implant degrades completely. The degradation of the Y-containing alloy WZ21 leads to Y enrichment in adjacent bone tissues and in newly formed bone inside the medullary space. Locally high Y concentrations suggest migration not only of Y ions but also of Y-containing intermetallic particles. However, after the full degradation of the implant the Y-enrichment disappears almost completely. Hydrogen gas formation and ion release during implant degradation did not harm bone regeneration in our samples. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE Magnesium is generally considered to be one of the most attractive base materials for biodegradable implants, and many magnesium alloys have been optimized to adjust implant degradation. Delayed degradation, however, generates prolonged presence in the organism with the risk of foreign body reactions. While most studies so far have only ranged from several weeks up to 12months, the present study provides data for complete implant degradation and bone regeneration until 24months, for two magnesium alloys (ZX50, WZ21) with different degradation characteristics. μCT monitoring, histological staining and LA-ICP-MS illustrate the distribution of the elements in the neighboring bony tissues during implant degradation, and reveal in particular high concentrations of the rare-earth element Yttrium.
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Electrochemical characteristics of bioresorbable binary MgCa alloys in Ringer's solution: Revealing the impact of local pH distributions during in-vitro dissolution. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2016; 60:402-410. [DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2015.11.069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2015] [Revised: 11/17/2015] [Accepted: 11/25/2015] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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23
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Marco I, Feyerabend F, Willumeit-Römer R, Van der Biest O. Degradation testing of Mg alloys in Dulbecco's modified eagle medium: Influence of medium sterilization. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2016; 62:68-78. [PMID: 26952399 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2016.01.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2015] [Revised: 12/28/2015] [Accepted: 01/15/2016] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
This work studies the in vitro degradation of Mg alloys for bioabsorbable implant applications under near physiological conditions. For this purpose, the degradation behaviour of Mg alloys in Dulbecco's modified eagle medium (DMEM) which is a commonly used cell culture medium is analysed. Unfortunately, DMEM can be contaminated by microorganisms, acidifying the medium and accelerating the Mg degradation process by dissolution of protective degradation layers, such as (Mgx,Cay)(PO4)z. In this paper the influence of sterilization by applying UV-C radiation and antibiotics (penicillin/streptomycin) is analysed with two implant material candidates: Mg-Gd and Mg-Ag alloys; and pure magnesium as well as Mg-4Y-3RE as a reference.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iñigo Marco
- Department of Materials Engineering, KU Leuven, Kasteelpark Arenberg, 44, 3001 Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Frank Feyerabend
- Institute of Materials Research, Division Metallic Biomaterials, Helmholtz-Zentrum Geesthacht, Max-Planck-Str., 1, 21502 Geesthacht, Germany
| | - Regine Willumeit-Römer
- Institute of Materials Research, Division Metallic Biomaterials, Helmholtz-Zentrum Geesthacht, Max-Planck-Str., 1, 21502 Geesthacht, Germany
| | - Omer Van der Biest
- Department of Materials Engineering, KU Leuven, Kasteelpark Arenberg, 44, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
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Zhao C, Pan F, Zhao S, Pan H, Song K, Tang A. Microstructure, corrosion behavior and cytotoxicity of biodegradable Mg–Sn implant alloys prepared by sub-rapid solidification. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2015; 54:245-51. [DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2015.05.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2014] [Revised: 04/22/2015] [Accepted: 05/11/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Abstract
For the past few decades, metallic materials that progressively degrade in physiological environment have been receiving attention with aim of finding appropriate biodegradable implant materials. This review focus mechanical and biocorrosion properties of Zn-based alloys that were recently investigated are summarized and discussed. In addition, the strategy for future fabrication to enhance the prospect of these alloys as metallic biodegradable materials is suggested.
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26
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Effects of gas produced by degradation of Mg-Zn-Zr Alloy on cancellous bone tissue. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2015; 55:556-61. [PMID: 26117789 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2015.05.082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2014] [Revised: 04/20/2015] [Accepted: 05/28/2015] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Mg-Zn-Zr alloy cylinders were implanted into the femoral condyles of Japanese big-ear white rabbits. X-ray showed that by 12 weeks following implantation the implant became obscure, around which the low-density area appeared and enlarged. By 24 weeks, the implant was more obscure and the density of the surrounding cancellous bone increased. Scanning electron microscopy examination showed bone tissue on the surface of the alloy attached by living fibers at 12 weeks. Micro-CT confirmed that new bone tissue on the surface of the residual alloy implant increased from 12 weeks to 24 weeks. By 12 weeks, many cavities in the cancellous bone tissue around the implant were noted with a CT value, similar to gas value, and increasing by 24 weeks (P<0.01). Histological examination of hard tissue slices showed that bone tissue was visibly attached to the alloy in the femoral condyle at 12 weeks. The trabecular bone tissues became more intact and dense, and the cavities were filled with soft tissue at 24 weeks. In general, gas produced by the degradation of the Mg-Zn-Zr alloy can cause cavitation within cancellous bone, which does not affect osteogenesis of Mg alloy.
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27
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Jang Y, Tan Z, Jurey C, Xu Z, Dong Z, Collins B, Yun Y, Sankar J. Understanding corrosion behavior of Mg–Zn–Ca alloys from subcutaneous mouse model: Effect of Zn element concentration and plasma electrolytic oxidation. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2015; 48:28-40. [DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2014.11.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2014] [Revised: 09/03/2014] [Accepted: 11/07/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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28
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Cipriano AF, Sallee A, Guan RG, Zhao ZY, Tayoba M, Sanchez J, Liu H. Investigation of magnesium-zinc-calcium alloys and bone marrow derived mesenchymal stem cell response in direct culture. Acta Biomater 2015; 12:298-321. [PMID: 25449917 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2014.10.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2014] [Revised: 09/23/2014] [Accepted: 10/15/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Crystalline Mg-Zn-Ca ternary alloys have recently attracted significant interest for biomedical implant applications due to their promising biocompatibility, bioactivity, biodegradability and mechanical properties. The objective of this study was to characterize as-cast Mg-xZn-0.5Ca (x=0.5, 1.0, 2.0, 4.0wt.%) alloys, and determine the adhesion and morphology of bone marrow derived mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) at the interface with the Mg-xZn-0.5Ca alloys. The direct culture method (i.e. seeding cells directly onto the surface of the sample) was established in this study to probe the highly dynamic cell-substrate interface and thus to elucidate the mechanisms of BMSC responses to dynamic alloy degradation. The results showed that the BMSC adhesion density on these alloys was similar to the cell-only positive control and the BMSC morphology appeared more anisotropic on the rapidly degrading alloy surfaces in comparison with the cell-only positive control. Importantly, neither culture media supplemented with up to 27.6mM Mg(2+) ions nor media intentionally adjusted up to alkaline pH 9 induced any detectable adverse effects on BMSC responses. We speculated that degradation-induced dynamic surface topography played an important role in modulating cell morphology at the interface. This study presents a clinically relevant in vitro model for screening bioresorbable alloys, and provides useful design guidelines for determining the degradation rate of implants made of Mg-Zn-Ca alloys.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaron F Cipriano
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, USA; Materials Science & Engineering Program, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
| | - Amy Sallee
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
| | - Ren-Guo Guan
- School of Materials and Metallurgy, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110004, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhan-Yong Zhao
- School of Materials and Metallurgy, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110004, People's Republic of China
| | - Myla Tayoba
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
| | - Jorge Sanchez
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
| | - Huinan Liu
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, USA; Materials Science & Engineering Program, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, USA; Stem Cell Center, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, USA.
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29
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Aghion E, Jan L, Meshi L, Goldman J. Increased corrosion resistance of the AZ80 magnesium alloy by rapid solidification. J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater 2014; 103:1541-8. [PMID: 25491147 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.b.33335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2014] [Revised: 10/06/2014] [Accepted: 11/04/2014] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Magnesium (Mg) and Mg-alloys are being considered as implantable biometals. Despite their excellent biocompatibility and good mechanical properties, their rapid corrosion is a major impediment precluding their widespread acceptance as implantable biomaterials. Here, we investigate the potential for rapid solidification to increase the corrosion resistance of Mg alloys. To this end, the effect of rapid solidification on the environmental and stress corrosion behavior of the AZ80 Mg alloy vs. its conventionally cast counterpart was evaluated in simulated physiological electrolytes. The microstructural characteristics were examined by optical microscopy, SEM, TEM, and X-ray diffraction analysis. The corrosion behavior was evaluated by immersion, salt spraying, and potentiodynamic polarization. Stress corrosion resistance was assessed by Slow Strain Rate Testing. The results indicate that the corrosion resistance of rapidly solidified ribbons is significantly improved relative to the conventional cast alloy due to the increased Al content dissolved in the α-Mg matrix and the correspondingly reduced presence of the β-phase (Mg17 Al12 ). Unfortunately, extrusion consolidated solidified ribbons exhibited a substantial reduction in the environmental performance and stress corrosion resistance. This was mainly attributed to the detrimental effect of the extrusion process, which enriched the iron impurities and increased the internal stresses by imposing a higher dislocation density. In terms of immersion tests, the average corrosion rate of the rapidly solidified ribbons was <0.4 mm/year compared with ∼2 mm/year for the conventionally cast alloy and 26 mm/year for the rapidly solidified extruded ribbons.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Aghion
- Department of Materials Engineering, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, 84105, Israel
| | - L Jan
- Department of Materials Engineering, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, 84105, Israel
| | - L Meshi
- Department of Materials Engineering, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, 84105, Israel
| | - J Goldman
- Biomedical Engineering Department, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, Michigan, 49931
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30
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Pan Y, He S, Wang D, Huang D, Zheng T, Wang S, Dong P, Chen C. In vitro degradation and electrochemical corrosion evaluations of microarc oxidized pure Mg, Mg-Ca and Mg-Ca-Zn alloys for biomedical applications. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2014; 47:85-96. [PMID: 25492176 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2014.11.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2014] [Revised: 10/26/2014] [Accepted: 11/12/2014] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Calcium phosphate (CaP) ceramic coatings were fabricated on pure magnesium (Mg) and self-designed Mg-0.6Ca, Mg-0.55Ca-1.74Zn alloys by microarc oxidation (MAO). The coating formation, growth and biomineralization mechanisms were discussed. The coating degradability and bioactivity were evaluated by immersion tests in trishydroxymethyl-aminomethane hydrochloric acid (Tris-HCl) buffer and simulated body fluid (SBF) solutions, respectively. The coatings and corrosion products were characterized by scanning electron microscope (SEM), X-ray diffractometer (XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectrometer (XPS) and fourier transform infrared spectrometer (FT-IR). The electrochemical workstation was used to investigate the electrochemical corrosion behaviors of substrates and coatings. Results showed that Mg-0.55Ca-1.74Zn alloy exhibits the highest mechanical strength and electrochemical corrosion resistance among the three alloys. The MAO-coated Mg-0.55Ca-1.74Zn alloy has the potential to be served as a biodegradable implant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaokun Pan
- Key Laboratory for Liquid-Solid Structural Evolution & Processing of Materials, Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Ji'nan 250061, Shandong, PR China
| | - Siyu He
- Key Laboratory for Liquid-Solid Structural Evolution & Processing of Materials, Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Ji'nan 250061, Shandong, PR China
| | - Diangang Wang
- Key Laboratory for Liquid-Solid Structural Evolution & Processing of Materials, Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Ji'nan 250061, Shandong, PR China.
| | - Danlan Huang
- Key Laboratory for Liquid-Solid Structural Evolution & Processing of Materials, Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Ji'nan 250061, Shandong, PR China
| | - Tingting Zheng
- Key Laboratory for Liquid-Solid Structural Evolution & Processing of Materials, Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Ji'nan 250061, Shandong, PR China
| | - Siqi Wang
- Key Laboratory for Liquid-Solid Structural Evolution & Processing of Materials, Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Ji'nan 250061, Shandong, PR China
| | - Pan Dong
- Key Laboratory for Liquid-Solid Structural Evolution & Processing of Materials, Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Ji'nan 250061, Shandong, PR China
| | - Chuanzhong Chen
- Key Laboratory for Liquid-Solid Structural Evolution & Processing of Materials, Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Ji'nan 250061, Shandong, PR China.
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Andani MT, Shayesteh Moghaddam N, Haberland C, Dean D, Miller MJ, Elahinia M. Metals for bone implants. Part 1. Powder metallurgy and implant rendering. Acta Biomater 2014; 10:4058-70. [PMID: 24956564 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2014.06.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2014] [Revised: 05/08/2014] [Accepted: 06/11/2014] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
New metal alloys and metal fabrication strategies are likely to benefit future skeletal implant strategies. These metals and fabrication strategies were looked at from the point of view of standard-of-care implants for the mandible. These implants are used as part of the treatment for segmental resection due to oropharyngeal cancer, injury or correction of deformity due to pathology or congenital defect. The focus of this two-part review is the issues associated with the failure of existing mandibular implants that are due to mismatched material properties. Potential directions for future research are also studied. To mitigate these issues, the use of low-stiffness metallic alloys has been highlighted. To this end, the development, processing and biocompatibility of superelastic NiTi as well as resorbable magnesium-based alloys are discussed. Additionally, engineered porosity is reviewed as it can be an effective way of matching the stiffness of an implant with the surrounding tissue. These porosities and the overall geometry of the implant can be optimized for strain transduction and with a tailored stiffness profile. Rendering patient-specific, site-specific, morphology-specific and function-specific implants can now be achieved using these and other metals with bone-like material properties by additive manufacturing. The biocompatibility of implants prepared from superelastic and resorbable alloys is also reviewed.
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Walker J, Shadanbaz S, Woodfield TBF, Staiger MP, Dias GJ. Magnesium biomaterials for orthopedic application: A review from a biological perspective. J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater 2014; 102:1316-31. [DOI: 10.1002/jbm.b.33113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 206] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2013] [Revised: 11/22/2013] [Accepted: 01/07/2014] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jemimah Walker
- Department of Anatomy and Structural Biology; University of Otago; Dunedin New Zealand
| | - Shaylin Shadanbaz
- Department of Anatomy and Structural Biology; University of Otago; Dunedin New Zealand
| | | | - Mark P. Staiger
- Department of Mechanical Engineering; University of Canterbury; Christchurch New Zealand
| | - George J. Dias
- Department of Anatomy and Structural Biology; University of Otago; Dunedin New Zealand
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Wang J, Huang S, Li Y, Wei Y, Xi X, Cai K. Microstructure, mechanical and bio-corrosion properties of Mn-doped Mg–Zn–Ca bulk metallic glass composites. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2013; 33:3832-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2013.05.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2012] [Revised: 04/24/2013] [Accepted: 05/08/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Xia YH, Zhang BP, Lu CX, Geng L. Improving the corrosion resistance of Mg-4.0Zn-0.2Ca alloy by micro-arc oxidation. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2013; 33:5044-50. [PMID: 24094222 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2013.08.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2013] [Revised: 08/15/2013] [Accepted: 08/27/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
In this paper, corrosion resistance of the Mg-4.0Zn-0.2Ca alloy was modified by micro-arc oxidation (MAO) process. The microstructure and phase constituents of MAO layer were characterized by SEM, XRD and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The corrosion resistance of MAO treated Mg-4.0Zn-0.2Ca alloy in the simulated body fluid were characterized by potentiodynamic polarization and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) techniques. The microstructure results indicated that a kind of ceramic film was composed by MgO and MgF2 was formed on the surface of Mg-4.0Zn-0.2Ca alloy after MAO treatment. The electrochemical test reveals that the corrosion resistance of MAO treated samples increase 1 order of magnitude. The mechanical intensity test showed that the MAO treated samples has suitable mechanical properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y H Xia
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150001, PR China
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Mushahary D, Sravanthi R, Li Y, Kumar MJ, Harishankar N, Hodgson PD, Wen C, Pande G. Zirconium, calcium, and strontium contents in magnesium based biodegradable alloys modulate the efficiency of implant-induced osseointegration. Int J Nanomedicine 2013; 8:2887-902. [PMID: 23976848 PMCID: PMC3746735 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s47378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Development of new biodegradable implants and devices is necessary to meet the increasing needs of regenerative orthopedic procedures. An important consideration while formulating new implant materials is that they should physicochemically and biologically mimic bone-like properties. In earlier studies, we have developed and characterized magnesium based biodegradable alloys, in particular magnesium-zirconium (Mg-Zr) alloys. Here we have reported the biological properties of four Mg-Zr alloys containing different quantities of strontium or calcium. The alloys were implanted in small cavities made in femur bones of New Zealand White rabbits, and the quantitative and qualitative assessments of newly induced bone tissue were carried out. A total of 30 experimental animals, three for each implant type, were studied, and bone induction was assessed by histological, immunohistochemical and radiological methods; cavities in the femurs with no implants and observed for the same period of time were kept as controls. Our results showed that Mg-Zr alloys containing appropriate quantities of strontium were more efficient in inducing good quality mineralized bone than other alloys. Our results have been discussed in the context of physicochemical and biological properties of the alloys, and they could be very useful in determining the nature of future generations of biodegradable orthopedic implants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dolly Mushahary
- Institute for Frontier Materials, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia
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Cai S, Lei T, Li N, Feng F. Effects of Zn on microstructure, mechanical properties and corrosion behavior of Mg–Zn alloys. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2012.07.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 190] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Del Gaudio C, Bagalà P, Venturini M, Grandi C, Parnigotto PP, Bianco A, Montesperelli G. Assessment of in vitro temporal corrosion and cytotoxicity of AZ91D alloy. JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE. MATERIALS IN MEDICINE 2012; 23:2553-2562. [PMID: 22802105 DOI: 10.1007/s10856-012-4714-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2011] [Accepted: 06/26/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Magnesium alloys represent a valuable option for the production of bioresorbable implantable medical devices aimed to improve the therapeutic approach and minimize the potential risks related to biostable materials. In this regard, the degradation process needs to be carefully evaluated in order to assess the effectiveness of the regenerative support and the eventual toxic effects induced by the released corrosion products. Aluminium is one of the most common alloying element that raised several safety concerns, contributing to shift the investigation toward Al-free alloys. To delve into this issue, a long-term investigation (up to 28 days) was performed using AZ91D alloy, due to its relevant Al content. Immersion tests in phosphate buffered saline (PBS) solution was performed following the ASTM standards and the corrosion behaviour was evaluated at fixed time points by means of electrochemical techniques. Cytotoxic effects were assessed by culturing human neuroblastoma cells with conditioned medium derived from immersion tests at different dilution degree. An increase in the resistance corrosion with the time was observed. In all the investigated cases the presence of Al in the conditioned media did not induce significant toxic effects directly correlated to its content. A decrease of cell viability was only observed in the case of 50 % dilution of PBS conditioned for the longest immersion period (i.e., 28 days).
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Affiliation(s)
- Costantino Del Gaudio
- Department of Industrial Engineering, INSTM Research Unit Tor Vergata, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Via del Politecnico 1, 00133 Rome, Italy.
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Rosalbino F, De Negri S, Scavino G, Saccone A. Microstructure andin vitrodegradation performance of Mg-Zn-Mn alloys for biomedical application. J Biomed Mater Res A 2012; 101:704-11. [DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.34368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2012] [Accepted: 07/03/2012] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Gu XN, Xie XH, Li N, Zheng YF, Qin L. In vitro and in vivo studies on a Mg-Sr binary alloy system developed as a new kind of biodegradable metal. Acta Biomater 2012; 8:2360-74. [PMID: 22387336 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2012.02.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 195] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2011] [Revised: 02/16/2012] [Accepted: 02/23/2012] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Magnesium alloys have shown potential as biodegradable metallic materials for orthopedic applications due to their degradability, resemblance to cortical bone and biocompatible degradation/corrosion products. However, the fast corrosion rate and the potential toxicity of their alloying element limit the clinical application of Mg alloys. From the viewpoint of both metallurgy and biocompatibility, strontium (Sr) was selected to prepare hot rolled Mg-Sr binary alloys (with a Sr content ranging from 1 to 4 wt.%) in the present study. The optimal Sr content was screened with respect to the mechanical and corrosion properties of Mg-Sr binary alloys and the feasibility of the use of Mg-Sr alloys as orthopedic biodegradable metals was investigated by in vitro cell experiments and intramedullary implantation tests. The mechanical properties and corrosion rates of Mg-Sr alloys were dose dependent with respect to the added Sr content. The as-rolled Mg-2Sr alloy exhibited the highest strength and slowest corrosion rate, suggesting that the optimal Sr content was 2 wt.%. The as-rolled Mg-2Sr alloy showed Grade I cytotoxicity and induced higher alkaline phosphatase activity than the other alloys. During the 4 weeks implantation period we saw gradual degradation of the as-rolled Mg-2Sr alloy within a bone tunnel. Micro-computer tomography and histological analysis showed an enhanced mineral density and thicker cortical bone around the experimental implants. Higher levels of Sr were observed in newly formed peri-implant bone compared with the control. In summary, this study shows that the optimal content of added Sr is 2 wt.% for binary Mg-Sr alloys in the rolled state and that the as-rolled Mg-2Sr alloy in vivo produces an acceptable host response.
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Affiliation(s)
- X N Gu
- State Key Laboratory for Turbulence and Complex System and Department of Materials Science and Engineering, College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
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In-vitro cytotoxicity and in-vivo biocompatibility of as-extruded Mg–4.0Zn–0.2Ca alloy. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2012.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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41
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Zhang X, Yuan G, Mao L, Niu J, Fu P, Ding W. Effects of extrusion and heat treatment on the mechanical properties and biocorrosion behaviors of a Mg–Nd–Zn–Zr alloy. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2012; 7:77-86. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2011.05.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 160] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2011] [Revised: 05/03/2011] [Accepted: 05/16/2011] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Cai K, Sui X, Hu Y, Zhao L, Lai M, Luo Z, Liu P, Yang W. Fabrication of anticorrosive multilayer onto magnesium alloy substrates via spin-assisted layer-by-layer technique. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2011.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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43
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Zhang B, Hou Y, Wang X, Wang Y, Geng L. Mechanical properties, degradation performance and cytotoxicity of Mg–Zn–Ca biomedical alloys with different compositions. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2011.07.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 135] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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