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Iwasa Y, Hayashi R, Satake A. Optimal seasonal schedule for the production of isoprene, a highly volatile biogenic VOC. Sci Rep 2024; 14:12311. [PMID: 38811652 PMCID: PMC11137007 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-62975-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2024] [Accepted: 05/23/2024] [Indexed: 05/31/2024] Open
Abstract
The leaves of many trees emit volatile organic compounds (abbreviated as BVOCs), which protect them from various damages, such as herbivory, pathogens, and heat stress. For example, isoprene is highly volatile and is known to enhance the resistance to heat stress. In this study, we analyze the optimal seasonal schedule for producing isoprene in leaves to mitigate damage. We assume that photosynthetic rate, heat stress, and the stress-suppressing effect of isoprene may vary throughout the season. We seek the seasonal schedule of isoprene production that maximizes the total net photosynthesis using Pontryagin's maximum principle. The isoprene production rate is determined by the changing balance between the cost and benefit of enhanced leaf protection over time. If heat stress peaks in midsummer, isoprene production can reach its highest levels during the summer. However, if a large portion of leaves is lost due to heat stress in a short period, the optimal schedule involves peaking isoprene production after the peak of heat stress. Both high photosynthetic rate and high isoprene volatility in midsummer make the peak of isoprene production in spring. These results can be clearly understood by distinguishing immediate impacts and the impacts of future expectations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoh Iwasa
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-Ku, Fukuoka, 819-0395, Japan.
| | - Rena Hayashi
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-Ku, Fukuoka, 819-0395, Japan
| | - Akiko Satake
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-Ku, Fukuoka, 819-0395, Japan
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Russavage EM, Hewlett JA, Grunseich JM, Szczepaniec A, Rooney WL, Helms AM, Eubanks MD. Aphid-Induced Volatiles and Subsequent Attraction of Natural Enemies Varies among Sorghum Cultivars. J Chem Ecol 2024:10.1007/s10886-024-01493-y. [PMID: 38647585 DOI: 10.1007/s10886-024-01493-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2023] [Revised: 03/07/2024] [Accepted: 04/01/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
The production of herbivore-induced plant volatiles (HIPVs) is a type of indirect defense used by plants to attract natural enemies and reduce herbivory by insect pests. In many crops little is known about genotypic variation in HIPV production or how this may affect natural enemy attraction. In this study, we identified and quantified HIPVs produced by 10 sorghum (Sorghum bicolor) cultivars infested with a prominent aphid pest, the sorghum aphid (Melanaphis sorghi Theobald). Volatiles were collected using dynamic headspace sampling techniques and identified and quantified using GC-MS. The total amounts of volatiles induced by the aphids did not differ among the 10 cultivars, but overall blends of volatiles differed significantly in composition. Most notably, aphid herbivory induced higher levels of methyl salicylate (MeSA) emission in two cultivars, whereas in four cultivars, the volatile emissions did not change in response to aphid infestation. Dual-choice olfactometer assays were used to determine preference of the aphid parasitoid, Aphelinus nigritus, and predator, Chrysoperla rufilabris, between plants of the same cultivar that were un-infested or infested with aphids. Two aphid-infested cultivars were preferred by natural enemies, while four other cultivars were more attractive to natural enemies when they were free of aphids. The remaining four cultivars elicited no response from parasitoids. Our work suggests that genetic variation in HIPV emissions greatly affects parasitoid and predator attraction to aphid-infested sorghum and that screening crop cultivars for specific predator and parasitoid attractants has the potential to improve the efficacy of biological control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily M Russavage
- Department of Entomology, Texas A&M University, 2475 TAMU, College Station, 77843, TX, USA.
| | - Jeremy A Hewlett
- Department of Entomology, Texas A&M University, 2475 TAMU, College Station, 77843, TX, USA
| | - John M Grunseich
- Department of Entomology, Texas A&M University, 2475 TAMU, College Station, 77843, TX, USA
| | - Adrianna Szczepaniec
- Department of Agricultural Biology, Colorado State University, 1177 Campus Delivery, Fort Collins, CO, 80523, USA
| | - William L Rooney
- Department of Soil and Crop Science, Texas A&M University, 405 Turk Rd, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
| | - Anjel M Helms
- Department of Entomology, Texas A&M University, 2475 TAMU, College Station, 77843, TX, USA
| | - Micky D Eubanks
- Department of Entomology, Texas A&M University, 2475 TAMU, College Station, 77843, TX, USA
- Department of Agricultural Biology, Colorado State University, 1177 Campus Delivery, Fort Collins, CO, 80523, USA
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van Griethuysen PA, Redeker KR, MacFarlane SA, Neilson R, Hartley SE. Virus-induced changes in root volatiles attract soil nematode vectors to infected plants. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2024; 241:2275-2286. [PMID: 38327027 DOI: 10.1111/nph.19518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
Plant-derived volatiles mediate interactions among plants, pathogenic viruses, and viral vectors. These volatile-dependent mechanisms have not been previously demonstrated belowground, despite their likely significant role in soil ecology and agricultural pest impacts. We investigated how the plant virus, tobacco rattle virus (TRV), attracts soil nematode vectors to infected plants. We infected Nicotiana benthamiana with TRV and compared root growth relative to that of uninfected plants. We tested whether TRV-infected N. benthamiana was more attractive to nematodes 7 d post infection and identified a compound critical to attraction. We also infected N. benthamiana with mutated TRV strains to identify virus genes involved in vector nematode attraction. Virus titre and associated impacts on root morphology were greatest 7 d post infection. Tobacco rattle virus infection enhanced 2-ethyl-1-hexanol production. Nematode chemotaxis and 2-ethyl-1-hexanol production correlated strongly with viral load. Uninfected plants were more attractive to nematodes after the addition of 2-ethyl-1-hexanol than were untreated plants. Mutation of TRV RNA2-encoded genes reduced the production of 2-ethyl-1-hexanol and nematode attraction. For the first time, this demonstrates that virus-driven alterations in root volatile emissions lead to increased chemotaxis of the virus's nematode vector, a finding with implications for sustainable management of both nematodes and viral pathogens in agricultural systems.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kelly R Redeker
- Department of Biology, University of York, Heslington, York, YO1 5DD, UK
| | - Stuart A MacFarlane
- Cell and Molecular Sciences Department, The James Hutton Institute, Invergowrie, Dundee, DD2 5DA, UK
| | - Roy Neilson
- Ecological Sciences Department, The James Hutton Institute, Invergowrie, Dundee, DD2 5DA, UK
| | - Sue E Hartley
- School of Biosciences, University of Sheffield, Western Bank, Sheffield, S10 2TN, UK
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Greenberg LO, Huigens ME, Groot AT, Cusumano A, Fatouros NE. Finding an egg in a haystack: variation in chemical cue use by egg parasitoids of herbivorous insects. CURRENT OPINION IN INSECT SCIENCE 2023; 55:101002. [PMID: 36535578 DOI: 10.1016/j.cois.2022.101002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 12/08/2022] [Accepted: 12/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Egg parasitoids of herbivorous insects use an interplay of short- and long-range chemical cues emitted by hosts and host plants to find eggs to parasitize. Volatile compounds that attract egg parasitoids can be identified via behavioral assays and used to manipulate parasitoid behavior in the field for biological control of herbivorous pests. However, how and when a particular cue will be used varies over the life of an individual, as well as at and below species level. Future research should expand taxonomic coverage to explore variation in chemical cue use in more natural, dynamic settings. More nuanced understanding of the variability of egg parasitoid host-finding strategies will aid in disentangling the underlying genetics and further enhancing biological control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liana O Greenberg
- Biosystematics Group, Wageningen University, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Martinus E Huigens
- Education and Student Affairs, Wageningen University, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Astrid T Groot
- Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics, University of Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Antonino Cusumano
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Forest Sciences, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Nina E Fatouros
- Biosystematics Group, Wageningen University, Wageningen, the Netherlands.
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Tunca H, Cosic B, Venard M, Capelli M, Colombel EA, Tabone E. Effects of different Philosamia ricini (Lepidoptera: Saturniidae) cold storage periods on Ooencyrtus pityocampae and Ooencyrtus kuvanae (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae) rearing. BULLETIN OF ENTOMOLOGICAL RESEARCH 2022; 112:667-673. [PMID: 35392996 DOI: 10.1017/s0007485322000074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Ooencyrtus pityocampae and Ooencyrtus kuvanae are egg parasitoids that are considered potential candidates for the control of different pest species through inundative release. The aim of this study was to assess the effects of different cold-storage periods of Philosamia ricini eggs (host) on the rearing parameters of O. pityocampae and O. kuvanae. Host eggs were stored at 3 °C, and a factorial experiment involving two parasitoid species, nine host storage periods (1, 5, 10, 15, 30, 45, 60, 75 and 90 days) and a control, and two host ages (1 and 2 days) was conducted, with 10 replications including 40-P. ricini eggs each. Adult emergence, development time, longevity, and fecundity were investigated. The parasitoid adult emergence percentage significantly varied with storage duration. These values were lower in O. kuvanae than in O. pityocampae. The development time of O. kuvanae progeny increased in both host age groups except in the 1-day storage period subgroup. However, the development times of the progeny of O. pityocampae reared on one-day-old eggs stored for 5, 10, 60, and 75 days were increased, and the development times of the progeny of O. pityocampae reared on 2-day-old eggs stored for 45 and 90 days were increased. The longevity of the F1 progeny of O. kuvanae was negatively affected by storage time. There was no difference in the longevity of the F1 progeny of O. pityocampae compared to that of the control. Additionally, the fecundities of the F1 progeny of O. pityocampae and O. kuvanae were 54.7 and 47.0 offspring/female, respectively. These results provide useful information for guiding the development of mass rearing methodologies for both parasitoid species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hilal Tunca
- Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Ankara University, 06110, Ankara Dıskapı, Turkey
| | - Benjamin Cosic
- Laboratoire BioContrôle, INRAE, UEFM site Villa Thuret, 90 Chemin Raymond, 06160, Antibes, France
| | - Marine Venard
- Laboratoire BioContrôle, INRAE, UEFM site Villa Thuret, 90 Chemin Raymond, 06160, Antibes, France
| | - Mathilde Capelli
- Laboratoire BioContrôle, INRAE, UEFM site Villa Thuret, 90 Chemin Raymond, 06160, Antibes, France
| | - Etty-Ambre Colombel
- Laboratoire BioContrôle, INRAE, UEFM site Villa Thuret, 90 Chemin Raymond, 06160, Antibes, France
| | - Elisabeth Tabone
- Laboratoire BioContrôle, INRAE, UEFM site Villa Thuret, 90 Chemin Raymond, 06160, Antibes, France
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Manzano C, Fernandez PC, Hill JG, Luft Albarracin E, Virla EG, Coll Aráoz MV. Chemical Ecology of the host searching behavior in an Egg Parasitoid: are Common Chemical Cues exploited to locate hosts in Taxonomically Distant Plant Species? J Chem Ecol 2022; 48:650-659. [PMID: 35921017 DOI: 10.1007/s10886-022-01373-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2022] [Revised: 05/10/2022] [Accepted: 07/02/2022] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
Abstract
Parasitoids are known to exploit volatile cues emitted by plants after herbivore attack to locate their hosts. Feeding and oviposition of a polyphagous herbivore can induce the emission of odor blends that differ among distant plant species, and parasitoids have evolved an incredible ability to discriminate them and locate their hosts relying on olfactive cues. We evaluated the host searching behavior of the egg parasitoid Cosmocomoidea annulicornis (Ogloblin) (Hymenoptera: Mymaridae) in response to odors emitted by two taxonomically distant host plants, citrus and Johnson grass, after infestation by the sharpshooter Tapajosa rubromarginata (Signoret) (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae), vector of Citrus Variegated Chlorosis. Olfactory response of female parasitoids toward plants with no herbivore damage and plants with feeding damage, oviposition damage, and parasitized eggs was tested in a Y-tube olfactometer. In addition, volatiles released by the two host plant species constitutively and under herbivore attack were characterized. Females of C. annulicornis were able to detect and significantly preferred plants with host eggs, irrespectively of plant species. However, wasps were unable to discriminate between plants with healthy eggs and those with eggs previously parasitized by conspecifics. Analysis of plant volatiles induced after sharpshooter attack showed only two common volatiles between the two plant species, indole and β-caryophyllene. Our results suggest that this parasitoid wasp uses common chemical cues released by many different plants after herbivory at long range and, once on the plant, other more specific chemical cues could trigger the final decision to oviposit.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Manzano
- PROIMI - CONICET, Av. Belgrano y Pje. Caseros (T4001MVB), Tucumán, Argentina
| | - P C Fernandez
- Centro de Investigaciones en Hidratos de Carbono, CIHIDECAR-CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Facultad de Agronomía, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Av. San Martin 4453, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - J G Hill
- Facultad de Agronomía, Zootecnia y Veterinaria, Universidad Nacional de Tucumán, Av. Kirchner 1.900, Tucumán, Argentina
| | - E Luft Albarracin
- PROIMI - CONICET, Av. Belgrano y Pje. Caseros (T4001MVB), Tucumán, Argentina
| | - E G Virla
- PROIMI - CONICET, Av. Belgrano y Pje. Caseros (T4001MVB), Tucumán, Argentina.,Instituto de Entomología, Fundación Miguel Lillo. Miguel Lillo 251, (4000), Tucumán, Argentina
| | - M V Coll Aráoz
- PROIMI - CONICET, Av. Belgrano y Pje. Caseros (T4001MVB), Tucumán, Argentina. .,Facultad de Ciencias Naturales e IML, Universidad Nacional de Tucumán, Miguel Lillo 205, (4000), Tucumán, Argentina.
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Zhang K, Zhou R, Huang H, Ma W, Qi Y, Li B, Zhang D, Li K, Chu H. Host feces, olfactory beacon guiding aggregation of intestinal parasites Gasterophilus pecorum (Diptera: Gasterophilidae). Parasitol Res 2022; 121:2601-2613. [PMID: 35788769 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-022-07577-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2022] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to identify the aggregation sites and transmission characteristics of Gasterophilus pecorum, the dominant pathogen of endangered equines in desert steppe. Therefore, we tested with a four-arm olfactometer the olfactory response of the G. pecorum adults to the odors that have a great impact on their life cycle, and also investigated the occurrence sites of the adults in the area where the Przewalski's horse (Equus przewalskii) roam frequently during the peak period of G. pecorum infection. The results of four-directional olfactory test showed that the fresh horse feces had a stronger attraction rate on both male (50.4%) and female flies (38.2%). Stipa caucasica, the only oviposition plant where G. pecorum lay eggs, had a better attraction effect on females than that on males. And the attraction rates of S. caucasica to G. pecorum females in the early growth stage (Stipa I) and mid-growth stage (Stipa II) were 32.8% and 36.8%, respectively. In addition, the two-directional olfactory test showed that the attraction rate of males to fresh horse feces (68.90%) was higher than that to Stipa II (31.10%), and females also showed similar olfactory responses. Moreover, in our field investigation, 68.29% of G. pecorum adults were collected from around the horse feces. The results of laboratory test and field investigation implied that the location mechanism of G. pecorum aggregation for mating is related to the orientation of horse feces. The horse feces and the vicinity are the key contamination areas of G. pecorum, and it is also the areas where horses are seriously infected with G. pecorum. Those fresh feces, which gather abundant information about the host, naturally had the greatest chance of contacting with the host; G. pecorum adults create the opportunity to enter directly into the host's mouth and infect the host by laying eggs on S. caucasica, which is the most favorite plant of the host in this area. These characteristics are one of the main reasons why G. pecorum has become the dominant species under the condition of sparse vegetation in desert steppe.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Non-Invasive Research Technology for Endangered Species, School of Ecology and Nature Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
- Key Laboratory of Adaptation and Evolution of Plateau Biota, Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Science, Xining, 810001, China
| | - Ran Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Non-Invasive Research Technology for Endangered Species, School of Ecology and Nature Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Heqing Huang
- Chongqing Academy of Environmental Science, Chongqing, 401147, China
| | - Wei Ma
- Mt. Kalamaili Ungulate Nature Reserve, Changji, Xinjiang, 831100, China
| | - Yingjie Qi
- Mt. Kalamaili Ungulate Nature Reserve, Changji, Xinjiang, 831100, China
| | - Boling Li
- China National Environment Monitoring Center, Beijing, 100012, China
| | - Dong Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Non-Invasive Research Technology for Endangered Species, School of Ecology and Nature Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Kai Li
- Key Laboratory of Non-Invasive Research Technology for Endangered Species, School of Ecology and Nature Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China.
| | - Hongjun Chu
- Institute of Forest Ecology, Xinjiang Academy of Forestry, Urumqi, 830063, China.
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Sousa TCDS, Leite NA, Sant'Ana J. Responses of Trichogramma pretiosum (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae) to Rice and Corn Plants, Fed and Oviposited by Spodoptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). NEOTROPICAL ENTOMOLOGY 2021; 50:697-705. [PMID: 33909277 DOI: 10.1007/s13744-021-00876-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2020] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The search behavior and parasitism of trichogrammatids can be affected by volatile compounds emitted by plants under herbivory and/or oviposition. Our aim was to evaluate the chemotactic behavior and parasitism rates of Trichogramma pretiosum Riley (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae) females against two varieties of corn and one of rice that underwent herbivory or oviposition by Spodoptera frugiperda (Smith) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). In a glass Y-tube olfactometer, the parasitoids were given the choice between plants damaged by either herbivory or oviposition, with and without sentinel eggs, against those without damage. We also evaluated the average of parasitized eggs and the parasitoid emergence in sentinel eggs, which were next to plants that underwent herbivory contrasted with eggs next to undamaged plants. Trichogramma pretiosum was more attracted to rice and corn plants evaluated 24 h after herbivory compared to undamaged plants. Parasitoids preferred oviposited rice plants over control plants. Oviposited corn plants after 48 h were more attractive than non-oviposited plants without sentinel eggs. In the presence of sentinel eggs on the olfactometer tests, there was no difference in oviposition preference in corn. Parasitism was higher in sentinel eggs located near plants damaged by herbivory. This suggested that the egg parasitoid T. pretiosum not only uses chemical clues from rice and corn plants, damaged by herbivory, but also uses them as a strategy to search and increase parasitism in S. frugiperda eggs. However, the results of oviposition tests showed that plants of different species and varieties might respond differently to this type of damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thais Cristina da Silva Sousa
- Ethology and Insect Chemical Ecology Lab, Federal Univ of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.
| | | | - Josué Sant'Ana
- Ethology and Insect Chemical Ecology Lab, Federal Univ of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
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Scheidegger L, Niassy S, Midega C, Chiriboga X, Delabays N, Lefort F, Zürcher R, Hailu G, Khan Z, Subramanian S. The role of Desmodium intortum, Brachiaria sp. and Phaseolus vulgaris in the management of fall armyworm Spodoptera frugiperda (J. E. Smith) in maize cropping systems in Africa. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2021; 77:2350-2357. [PMID: 33421266 PMCID: PMC8048848 DOI: 10.1002/ps.6261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2020] [Revised: 12/13/2020] [Accepted: 01/09/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The fall armyworm (FAW), Spodoptera frugiperda (J.E. Smith) is a serious pest of maize. Farming systems such as push-pull or maize-legume intercropping have been reported to reduce FAW infestations significantly. However, the exact mechanisms involved in FAW management have not been practically elucidated. We therefore assessed larval host preference, feeding and survival rate when exposed to four host plants commonly used in push-pull and legume intercropping. We also compared adult moths' oviposition preference between maize and other grasses used as trap crops in push-pull. RESULTS The larval orientation and settlement study showed that maize was the most preferred host plant followed by bean, desmodium and Brachiaria brizantha cv Mulato II. The larval arrest and dispersal experiment showed that mean number of larvae was significantly higher on maize than on Desmodium or B. brizantha cv Mulato II. However, no significant differences were found between maize and bean after 24 h. Maize was the most consumed plant, followed by bean, desmodium and finally brachiaria. The mean percentage of survival to the pupation stage was significantly higher on maize. The study on FAW oviposition preference showed no significant differences in egg deposited between maize and other grasses. However, B. brizantha cv Xaraes, which received more eggs than maize, could be a promising alternative to B. brizantha cv Mulato II for the control of FAW. CONCLUSION The study provides a better understanding of the mechanisms involved in the control of fall armyworm under the push-pull and maize legume intercropping. © 2021 The Authors. Pest Management Science published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laetitia Scheidegger
- Haute école du paysage, d'ingénierie et d'architecture de GenèveGenevaSwitzerland
| | - Saliou Niassy
- International Centre of Insect Physiology and EcologyNairobiKenya
| | - Charles Midega
- International Centre of Insect Physiology and EcologyNairobiKenya
| | - Xavier Chiriboga
- International Centre of Insect Physiology and EcologyNairobiKenya
| | - Nicolas Delabays
- Haute école du paysage, d'ingénierie et d'architecture de GenèveGenevaSwitzerland
| | - François Lefort
- Haute école du paysage, d'ingénierie et d'architecture de GenèveGenevaSwitzerland
| | - Roger Zürcher
- Haute école du paysage, d'ingénierie et d'architecture de GenèveGenevaSwitzerland
| | - Girma Hailu
- International Centre of Insect Physiology and EcologyNairobiKenya
| | - Zeyaur Khan
- International Centre of Insect Physiology and EcologyNairobiKenya
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A comparison of the direct and indirect defence abilities of cultivated maize versus perennial and annual teosintes. CHEMOECOLOGY 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s00049-020-00329-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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11
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Laminou SA, Ba MN, Karimoune L, Doumma A, Muniappan R. Parasitism of Locally Recruited Egg Parasitoids of the Fall Armyworm in Africa. INSECTS 2020; 11:insects11070430. [PMID: 32660082 PMCID: PMC7412311 DOI: 10.3390/insects11070430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2020] [Revised: 06/24/2020] [Accepted: 06/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The fall armyworm (FAW), Spodoptera frugiperda (J.E. Smith) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), is an insect native to the tropical and subtropical Americas that has recently spread to Africa, where it predominately attacks maize, sorghum and other plant species. Biological control is an environmentally friendly way of combatting the pest and contributes to an integrated pest management approach. In Africa, several trichogrammatid parasitoids and Telenomus remus Nixon (Hymenoptera: Platygastridae) have been found parasitizing eggs of the FAW. In Niger, the egg parasitoids encountered include Trichogrammatoidea sp. (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae) and Telenomus remus Nixon. Parasitism of the FAW eggs by the two egg parasitoids was assessed in the laboratory, followed by field testing on sentinel eggs. In the laboratory, T. remus parasitized on average 78% of FAW eggs, compared to 25% for Trichogrammatoidea sp. Telenomus remus was able to parasitize egg masses that were fully covered with scales, while Trichogrammatoidea sp. parasitized only uncovered egg masses. On-farm releases of T. remus in sorghum fields caused up to 64% of FAW egg parasitism. Parasitized eggs yielded viable progeny, which can contribute to FAW egg parasitism build-up during the cropping season. Our findings lay the groundwork for the use of T. remus in augmentative releases against FAW in Africa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saidou A. Laminou
- International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT), BP 12404 Niamey, Niger; (S.A.L.); (L.K.)
- University Abdou Moumouni, BP 10896 Niamey, Niger;
| | - Malick Niango Ba
- International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT), BP 12404 Niamey, Niger; (S.A.L.); (L.K.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +227-20315656
| | - Laouali Karimoune
- International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT), BP 12404 Niamey, Niger; (S.A.L.); (L.K.)
| | - Ali Doumma
- University Abdou Moumouni, BP 10896 Niamey, Niger;
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Xu H, Wang X, Chi G, Tan B, Wang J. Effects of Bacillus thuringiensis Genetic Engineering on Induced Volatile Organic Compounds Emission in Maize and the Attractiveness to a Parasitic Wasp. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2019; 7:160. [PMID: 31355192 PMCID: PMC6635655 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2019.00160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2019] [Accepted: 06/20/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In order to control lepidopteran and coleopteran insects, the genes expressing Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) insecticidal proteins have been transferred into crops. Ecological risk assessments of the transgenic plants have included impacts on non-target entomophagous insects, such as parasitoid wasps. Herbivore-induced plant volatiles are considered to be important defensive traits of plants because these compounds play as an important role in recruitment of natural enemies. Here, we evaluated induced volatile emissions of maize seedlings of two Bt cultivars (5422Bt1, event Bt11 and 5422CBCL, event Mon810), and their nearly isogenic non-Bt line 5422. We damaged plants mechanically and then applied with the regurgitant of Spodoptera litura (F.) caterpillars (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), or treated the plants with the plant hormone jasmonic acid (JA), to trigger similar defensive responses of plants. Compared to the non-Bt isoline 5422 and the Bt maize 5422CBCL, the other Bt maize 5422Bt1 released more (3E)-4,8-dimethyl-1,3,7-nonatriene (DMNT) when they were all treated by artificial wounds and caterpillar regurgitant; and released more linalool, DMNT and (E)-β-farnesene when applied with JA solution. As a result, the total volatile emission of the 5422Bt1 was highest. However, the difference in volatile emission did not affect the attractiveness of the Bt maize plants to the egg parasitoid Trichogramma ostriniae Pang et Chen (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae) compared to the nearly isogenic non-Bt plants. The variability of induced volatiles of maize cultivars derived from conventional breeding programs and transgenic methods are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Xu
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Environments in Tropics, Ministry of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Eco-Circular Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China.,Institute of Tropical and Subtropical Ecology, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China.,School of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiaoyi Wang
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Environments in Tropics, Ministry of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Eco-Circular Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Guoliang Chi
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Environments in Tropics, Ministry of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Eco-Circular Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China.,Institute of Tropical and Subtropical Ecology, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Bingchang Tan
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Environments in Tropics, Ministry of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Eco-Circular Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China.,Institute of Tropical and Subtropical Ecology, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jianwu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Environments in Tropics, Ministry of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Eco-Circular Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China.,Institute of Tropical and Subtropical Ecology, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
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13
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Bertoldi V, Rondoni G, Brodeur J, Conti E. An Egg Parasitoid Efficiently Exploits Cues From a Coevolved Host But Not Those From a Novel Host. Front Physiol 2019; 10:746. [PMID: 31333475 PMCID: PMC6621923 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2019.00746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2018] [Accepted: 05/31/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Egg parasitoids have evolved adaptations to exploit host-associated cues, especially oviposition-induced plant volatiles and odors of gravid females, when foraging for hosts. The entire host selection process is critical for successful parasitism and relevant in defining host specificity of parasitoids. We hypothesized that naïve egg parasitoid females reared on their coevolved host are able to exploit cues related to the coevolved host but not those from a novel host. We used the egg parasitoid Trissolcus japonicus, its coevolved host Halyomorpha halys, and the non-coevolved host Podisus maculiventris to evaluate this hypothesis. H. halys, a polyphagous pest native from Eastern Asia, has invaded North America and Europe, resulting in serious damage to crops. T. japonicus is the most effective egg parasitoid of H. halys in its native area and thus considered a major candidate for biological control. This parasitoid was detected in North America and Europe as a result of accidental introductions. Laboratory host range of T. japonicus includes P. maculiventris, an American predatory stink bug used as a biological control agent of several pests. Using T. japonicus reared on its natural host H. halys, we tested in a Y-tube olfactometer the responses of naïve parasitoid females to volatiles from tomato plants with a deposited egg mass and feeding punctures of either H. halys or P. maculiventris. Additionally, using two different olfactometer set-ups, we tested T. japonicus responses to volatiles emitted by eggs and mature males and females of H. halys or P. maculiventris. Tomato plants subjected to oviposition and feeding by H. halys were preferred by the wasp compared to clean plants, suggesting a possible activation of an indirect defense mechanism. Furthermore, T. japonicus females were attracted by cues from gravid females and mature males of H. halys but not from eggs. By contrast, naïve parasitoid females never responded to cues associated with P. maculiventris, although this non-target host is suitable for complete parasitoid development. Such lack of responses might reduce the probability of T. japonicus locating and parasitizing P. maculiventris under field conditions. Our experimental approach properly simulates the parasitoid host-location process and could be combined with the required host specificity tests for risk assessment in biological control programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valeria Bertoldi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie, Alimentari ed Ambientali, Università degli Studi di Perugia, Perugia, Italy.,Département de Sciences Biologiques, Institut de Recherche en Biologie Végétale, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Gabriele Rondoni
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie, Alimentari ed Ambientali, Università degli Studi di Perugia, Perugia, Italy.,Département de Sciences Biologiques, Institut de Recherche en Biologie Végétale, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Jacques Brodeur
- Département de Sciences Biologiques, Institut de Recherche en Biologie Végétale, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Eric Conti
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie, Alimentari ed Ambientali, Università degli Studi di Perugia, Perugia, Italy.,Département de Sciences Biologiques, Institut de Recherche en Biologie Végétale, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
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14
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Takabayashi J, Shiojiri K. Multifunctionality of herbivory-induced plant volatiles in chemical communication in tritrophic interactions. CURRENT OPINION IN INSECT SCIENCE 2019; 32:110-117. [PMID: 31113622 DOI: 10.1016/j.cois.2019.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2018] [Revised: 12/20/2018] [Accepted: 01/07/2019] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Uninfested plants emit only trace quantities of volatiles (constitutively emitted plant volatiles). In contrast, some plants emit relatively large quantities of volatiles in response to herbivory (herbivory-Induced plant volatiles: HIPVs). Organisms belonging to different trophic levels use plant volatiles in context-dependent manners; consequently, volatiles can be adaptive, non-adaptive, or maladaptive to the emitter plants. In this review, we focus on the multifunctional aspects of HIPVs, which vary qualitatively and quantitatively in emitting plant species and infesting herbivore species, in plant-carnivore interactions, plant-herbivore interactions, and plant-omnivore interactions. Additionally, we review the evidence of plant-plant communication and its effects on tritrophic interactions involving plants, herbivores, and carnivores. Prospects on interactions mediated by plant volatiles induced by herbivorous arthropods are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junji Takabayashi
- Center for Ecological Research, Kyoto University, Otsu, Shiga, Japan.
| | - Kaori Shiojiri
- Department of Agriculture, Ryukoku University, Otsu, Shiga, Japan
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15
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Herbivore-Induced Volatiles from Maize Plants Attract Chelonus insularis, an Egg-Larval Parasitoid of the Fall Armyworm. J Chem Ecol 2019; 45:326-337. [PMID: 30746603 DOI: 10.1007/s10886-019-01051-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2018] [Revised: 01/18/2019] [Accepted: 01/28/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Chelonus insularis (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) is an egg-larval endoparasitoid that attacks several lepidopteran species, including the fall armyworm (FAW), Spodoptera frugiperda, as one of its main hosts. In this study, we identified the volatiles emitted by maize plants undamaged and damaged by S. frugiperda larvae that were attractive to virgin C. insularis females. In a Y-glass tube olfactometer, parasitoid females were more attracted to activated charcoal extracts than Porapak Q maize extracts. Chemical analysis of activated charcoal extracts from maize plants damaged by S. frugiperda larvae by gas chromatography coupled with electroantennography (GC-EAD) showed that the antennae of virgin female wasps consistently responded to three compounds, identified by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) as α-pinene, α-longipinene and α-copaene. These compounds are constitutively released by maize plants but induction via herbivory affects their emissions. α-Longipinene and α-copaene were more abundant in damaged maize plants than in healthy ones, whereas α-pinene was produced in higher amounts in healthy maize plants than in damaged ones. Female parasitoids were not attracted to EAD-active compounds when evaluated singly; however, they were attracted to the binary blend α-pinene + α-copaene, which was the most attractive blend, even more attractive than the tertiary blend (α-pinene + α-longipinene + α-copaene) and the damaged maize plant extracts. We conclude that C. insularis is attracted to a blend of herbivore-induced volatiles emitted by maize plants.
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16
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Silva RF, Rabeschini GBP, Peinado GLR, Cosmo LG, Rezende LHG, Murayama RK, Pareja M. The Ecology of Plant Chemistry and Multi-Species Interactions in Diversified Agroecosystems. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2018; 9:1713. [PMID: 30524464 PMCID: PMC6262048 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2018.01713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2018] [Accepted: 11/05/2018] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Over the past few years, our knowledge of how ecological interactions shape the structure and dynamics of natural communities has rapidly advanced. Plant chemical traits play key roles in these processes because they mediate a diverse range of direct and indirect interactions in a community-wide context. Many chemically mediated interactions have been extensively studied in industrial cropping systems, and thus have focused on simplified, pairwise and linear interactions that rarely incorporate a community perspective. A contrasting approach considers the agroecosystem as a functioning whole, in which food production occurs. It offers an opportunity to better understand how plant chemical traits mediate complex interactions which can enhance or hinder ecosystem functions. In this paper, we argue that studying chemically mediated interactions in agroecosystems is essential to comprehend how agroecosystem services emerge and how they can be guaranteed through ecosystem management. First, we discuss how plant chemical traits affect and are affected by ecological interactions. We then explore research questions and future directions on how studying chemical mediation in complex agroecosystems can help us understand the emergence and management of ecosystem services, specifically biological control and pollination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodolfo F Silva
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Gabriela B P Rabeschini
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
| | | | - Leandro G Cosmo
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Luiz H G Rezende
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Rafael K Murayama
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Martín Pareja
- Departamento de Biologia Animal, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
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17
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Danner H, Desurmont GA, Cristescu SM, van Dam NM. Herbivore-induced plant volatiles accurately predict history of coexistence, diet breadth, and feeding mode of herbivores. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2018; 220:726-738. [PMID: 28134434 DOI: 10.1111/nph.14428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2016] [Accepted: 12/08/2016] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Herbivore-induced plant volatiles (HIPVs) serve as specific cues to higher trophic levels. Novel, exotic herbivores entering native foodwebs may disrupt the infochemical network as a result of changes in HIPV profiles. Here, we analysed HIPV blends of native Brassica rapa plants infested with one of 10 herbivore species with different coexistence histories, diet breadths and feeding modes. Partial least squares (PLS) models were fitted to assess whether HIPV blends emitted by Dutch B. rapa differ between native and exotic herbivores, between specialists and generalists, and between piercing-sucking and chewing herbivores. These models were used to predict the status of two additional herbivores. We found that HIPV blends predicted the evolutionary history, diet breadth and feeding mode of the herbivore with an accuracy of 80% or higher. Based on the HIPVs, the PLS models reliably predicted that Trichoplusia ni and Spodoptera exigua are perceived as exotic, leaf-chewing generalists by Dutch B. rapa plants. These results indicate that there are consistent and predictable differences in HIPV blends depending on global herbivore characteristics, including coexistence history. Consequently, native organisms may be able to rapidly adapt to potentially disruptive effects of exotic herbivores on the infochemical network.
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Affiliation(s)
- Holger Danner
- Molecular Interaction Ecology, Institute for Water and Wetland Research (IWWR), Radboud University, PO Box 9010, 6500, GL Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Gaylord A Desurmont
- Institute of Biology, University of Neuchâtel, Neuchâtel, 2000, Switzerland
- European Biological Control Laboratory, USDA-ARS, CS 90013, Montferrier-sur-Lez, France
| | - Simona M Cristescu
- Life Science Trace Gas Facility, Institute for Molecules and Materials, Radboud University, 6500, GL Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Nicole M van Dam
- Molecular Interaction Ecology, Institute for Water and Wetland Research (IWWR), Radboud University, PO Box 9010, 6500, GL Nijmegen, the Netherlands
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Deutscher Platz 5e, Leipzig, 04103, Germany
- Institute of Ecology, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Dornburger-Str. 159, Jena, 07743, Germany
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18
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Parasitoid wasps’ exposure to host-infested plant volatiles affects their olfactory cognition of host-infested plants. Anim Cogn 2017; 21:79-86. [DOI: 10.1007/s10071-017-1141-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2017] [Revised: 10/06/2017] [Accepted: 10/12/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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19
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Nocturnal herbivore-induced plant volatiles attract the generalist predatory earwig Doru luteipes Scudder. Naturwissenschaften 2017; 104:77. [PMID: 28871442 DOI: 10.1007/s00114-017-1498-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2017] [Revised: 08/10/2017] [Accepted: 08/19/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Numerous studies have demonstrated that entomophagous arthropods use herbivore-induced plant volatile (HIPV) blends to search for their prey or host. However, no study has yet focused on the response of nocturnal predators to volatile blends emitted by prey damaged plants. We investigated the olfactory behavioral responses of the night-active generalist predatory earwig Doru luteipes Scudder (Dermaptera: Forficulidae) to diurnal and nocturnal volatile blends emitted by maize plants (Zea mays) attacked by either a stem borer (Diatraea saccharalis) or a leaf-chewing caterpillar (Spodoptera frugiperda), both suitable lepidopteran prey. Additionally, we examined whether the earwig preferred odors emitted from short- or long-term damaged maize. We first determined the earwig diel foraging rhythm and confirmed that D. luteipes is a nocturnal predator. Olfactometer assays showed that during the day, although the earwigs were walking actively, they did not discriminate the volatiles of undamaged maize plants from those of herbivore damaged maize plants. In contrast, at night, earwigs preferred volatiles emitted by maize plants attacked by D. saccharalis or S. frugiperda over undamaged plants and short- over long-term damaged maize. Our GC-MS analysis revealed that short-term damaged nocturnal plant volatile blends were comprised mainly of fatty acid derivatives (i.e., green leaf volatiles), while the long-term damaged plant volatile blend contained mostly terpenoids. We also observed distinct volatile blend composition emitted by maize damaged by the different caterpillars. Our results showed that D. luteipes innately uses nocturnal herbivore-induced plant volatiles to search for prey. Moreover, the attraction of the earwig to short-term damaged plants is likely mediated by fatty acid derivatives.
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20
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Zhu G, Pan L, Zhao Y, Zhang X, Wang F, Yu Y, Fan W, Liu Q, Zhang S, Li M. Chemical investigations of volatile kairomones produced by Hyphantria cunea (Drury), a host of the parasitoid Chouioia cunea Yang. BULLETIN OF ENTOMOLOGICAL RESEARCH 2017; 107:234-240. [PMID: 27628497 DOI: 10.1017/s0007485316000833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
In tritrophic 'plants-herbivores-natural enemies' systems, there are relatively few reports concerning the role(s) of kairomones in pupal parasitism. Chouioia cunea Yang (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae), an endoparasitic chalcid wasp, parasitizes pupae of the fall webworm (Hyphantria cunea Drury). The role of host-related kairomones was investigated using electroantennogram (EAG) and behavioral techniques. Chemicals from some host stages (pupae) and host by-products (frass), induced arrestment behavior of female parasitoids, while chemicals from prepupae, were inactive. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis of volatiles collected from pupae, frass and prepupae using solid-phase microextration revealed seven compounds with carbon chain lengths ranging from C4 to C20. All of the chemicals elicited significant EAG responses in C. cunea. Y-tube olfactometer bioassays demonstrated a significant positive response of mated female C. cunea to 1-dodecene. These data provide a better understanding of the host location mechanisms of pupal parasitoid.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Zhu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Animal and Plant Resistance,Tianjin Normal University,Tianjin 300387,China
| | - L Pan
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Animal and Plant Resistance,Tianjin Normal University,Tianjin 300387,China
| | - Y Zhao
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Animal and Plant Resistance,Tianjin Normal University,Tianjin 300387,China
| | - X Zhang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Animal and Plant Resistance,Tianjin Normal University,Tianjin 300387,China
| | - F Wang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Animal and Plant Resistance,Tianjin Normal University,Tianjin 300387,China
| | - Y Yu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Water Resources and Environment, Tianjin Normal University,Tianjin 300387,China
| | - W Fan
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Animal and Plant Resistance,Tianjin Normal University,Tianjin 300387,China
| | - Q Liu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Animal and Plant Resistance,Tianjin Normal University,Tianjin 300387,China
| | - S Zhang
- Natural Enemy Breeding Center of Luohe Central South Forestry,Henan 462000,China
| | - M Li
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Animal and Plant Resistance,Tianjin Normal University,Tianjin 300387,China
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21
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Identification of Key Plant-Associated Volatiles Emitted by Heliothis virescens Larvae that Attract the Parasitoid, Microplitis croceipes: Implications for Parasitoid Perception of Odor Blends. J Chem Ecol 2016; 42:1112-1121. [DOI: 10.1007/s10886-016-0779-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2016] [Revised: 08/03/2016] [Accepted: 09/06/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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22
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Teshome A, Bryngelsson T, Mendesil E, Marttila S, Geleta M. Enhancing Neoplasm Expression in Field Pea (Pisum sativum) via Intercropping and Its Significance to Pea Weevil (Bruchus pisorum) Management. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2016; 7:654. [PMID: 27242855 PMCID: PMC4870230 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2016.00654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2016] [Accepted: 04/28/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Neoplasm formation, a non-meristematic tissue growth on young field pea (Pisum sativum L.) pods is triggered in the absence of UV light and/or in response to oviposition by pea weevil (Bruchus pisorum L.). This trait is expressed in some genotypes [neoplastic (Np) genotypes] of P. sativum and has the capacity to obstruct pea weevil larval entry into developing seeds. In the present study, 26% of the tested accessions depicted the trait when grown under greenhouse conditions. However, UV light inhibits full expression of this trait and subsequently it is inconspicuous at the field level. In order to investigate UV light impact on the expression of neoplasm, particular Np genotypes were subjected to UV lamp light exposure in the greenhouse and sunlight at the field level. Under these different growing conditions, the highest mean percentage of Np pods was in the control chamber in the greenhouse (36%) whereas in single and double UV lamp chambers, the percentage dropped to 10 and 15%, respectively. Furthermore, when the same Np genotypes were grown in the field, the percentage of Np pods dropped significantly (7%). In order to enhance Np expression at the field level, intercropping of Np genotypes with sorghum was investigated. As result, the percentage of Np pods was threefold in intercropped Np genotypes as compared to those without intercropping. Therefore, intercropping Np genotypes with other crops such as sorghum and maize can facilitate neoplasm formation, which in turn can minimize the success rate of pea weevil larvae entry into developing seeds. Greenhouse artificial infestation experiments showed that pea weevil damage in Np genotypes is lower in comparison to wild type genotypes. Therefore, promoting Np formation under field conditions via intercropping can serve as part of an integrated pea weevil management strategy especially for small scale farming systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abel Teshome
- Department of Plant Breeding, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, AlnarpSweden
| | - Tomas Bryngelsson
- Department of Plant Breeding, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, AlnarpSweden
| | - Esayas Mendesil
- Department of Plant Protection Biology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, AlnarpSweden
| | - Salla Marttila
- Department of Plant Protection Biology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, AlnarpSweden
| | - Mulatu Geleta
- Department of Plant Breeding, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, AlnarpSweden
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23
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Copolovici L, Niinemets Ü. Temperature dependencies of Henry's law constants for different plant sesquiterpenes. CHEMOSPHERE 2015; 138:751-7. [PMID: 26291755 PMCID: PMC5798578 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2015.07.075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2015] [Revised: 07/17/2015] [Accepted: 07/24/2015] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Sesquiterpenes are plant-produced hydrocarbons with important ecological functions in plant-to-plant and plant-to-insect communication, but due to their high reactivity they can also play a significant role in atmospheric chemistry. So far, there is little information of gas/liquid phase partition coefficients (Henry's law constants) and their temperature dependencies for sesquiterpenes, but this information is needed for quantitative simulation of the release of sesquiterpenes from plants and modeling atmospheric reactions in different phases. In this study, we estimated Henry's law constants (Hpc) and their temperature responses for 12 key plant sesquiterpenes with varying structure (aliphatic, mono-, bi- and tricyclic sesquiterpenes). At 25 °C, Henry's law constants varied 1.4-fold among different sesquiterpenes, and the values were within the range previously observed for monocyclic monoterpenes. Hpc of sesquiterpenes exhibited a high rate of increase, on average ca. 1.5-fold with a 10 °C increase in temperature (Q10). The values of Q10 varied 1.2-fold among different sesquiterpenes. Overall, these data demonstrate moderately high variation in Hpc values and Hpc temperature responses among different sesquiterpenes. We argue that these variations can importantly alter the emission kinetics of sesquiterpenes from plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucian Copolovici
- Institute of Technical and Natural Sciences Research-Development of "Aurel Vlaicu" University, Elena Dragoi 2, Arad 310330, Romania; Institute of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Kreutzwaldi 1, Tartu 51014, Estonia.
| | - Ülo Niinemets
- Institute of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Kreutzwaldi 1, Tartu 51014, Estonia; Estonian Academy of Sciences, Kohtu 6, 10130 Tallinn, Estonia
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24
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Fatouros NE, Paniagua Voirol LR, Drizou F, Doan QT, Pineda A, Frago E, van Loon JJA. Role of Large Cabbage White butterfly male-derived compounds in elicitation of direct and indirect egg-killing defenses in the black mustard. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2015; 6:794. [PMID: 26483811 PMCID: PMC4586945 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2015.00794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2015] [Accepted: 09/13/2015] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
To successfully exert defenses against herbivores and pathogens plants need to recognize reliable cues produced by their attackers. Up to now, few elicitors associated with herbivorous insects have been identified. We have previously shown that accessory reproductive gland secretions associated with eggs of Cabbage White butterflies (Pieris spp.) induce chemical changes in Brussels sprouts plants recruiting egg-killing parasitoids. Only secretions of mated female butterflies contain minute amounts of male-derived anti-aphrodisiac compounds that elicit this indirect plant defense. Here, we used the black mustard (Brassica nigra) to investigate how eggs of the Large Cabbage White butterfly (Pieris brassicae) induce, either an egg-killing direct [i.e., hypersensitive response (HR)-like necrosis] or indirect defense (i.e., oviposition-induced plant volatiles attracting Trichogramma egg parasitoids). Plants induced by P. brassicae egg-associated secretions expressed both traits and previous mating enhanced elicitation. Treatment with the anti-aphrodisiac compound of P. brassicae, benzyl cyanide (BC), induced stronger HR when compared to controls. Expression of the salicylic (SA) pathway- and HR-marker PATHOGENESIS-RELATED GENE1 was induced only in plants showing an HR-like necrosis. Trichogramma wasps were attracted to volatiles induced by secretion of mated P. brassicae females but application of BC did not elicit the parasitoid-attracting volatiles. We conclude that egg-associated secretions of Pieris butterflies contain specific elicitors of the different plant defense traits against eggs in Brassica plants. While in Brussels sprouts plants anti-aphrodisiac compounds in Pieris egg-associated secretions were clearly shown to elicit indirect defense, the wild relative B. nigra, recognizes different herbivore cues that mediate the defensive responses. These results add another level of specificity to the mechanisms by which plants recognize their attackers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nina E. Fatouros
- Laboratory of Entomology, Wageningen UniversityWageningen, Netherlands
- Institute of Biology, Dahlem Centre of Plant Sciences, Freie Universität BerlinBerlin, Germany
| | - Luis R. Paniagua Voirol
- Institute of Biology, Dahlem Centre of Plant Sciences, Freie Universität BerlinBerlin, Germany
| | - Fryni Drizou
- Division of Plant and Crop Sciences, School of Biosciences, Sutton Bonington Campus, The University of NottinghamNottingham, UK
| | - Quyen T. Doan
- Laboratory of Entomology, Wageningen UniversityWageningen, Netherlands
| | - Ana Pineda
- Laboratory of Entomology, Wageningen UniversityWageningen, Netherlands
| | - Enric Frago
- Laboratory of Entomology, Wageningen UniversityWageningen, Netherlands
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Attraction of egg-killing parasitoids toward induced plant volatiles in a multi-herbivore context. Oecologia 2015; 179:163-74. [PMID: 25953114 DOI: 10.1007/s00442-015-3325-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2015] [Accepted: 04/16/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
In response to insect herbivory, plants emit volatile organic compounds which may act as indirect plant defenses by attracting natural enemies of the attacking herbivore. In nature, plants are often attacked by multiple herbivores, but the majority of studies which have investigated indirect plant defenses to date have focused on the recruitment of different parasitoid species in a single-herbivore context. Here, we report our investigation on the attraction of egg parasitoids of lepidopteran hosts (Trichogramma brassicae and T. evanescens) toward plant volatiles induced by different insect herbivores in olfactometer bioassays. We used a system consisting of a native crucifer, Brassica nigra, two naturally associated herbivores [the butterfly Pieris brassicae (eggs and caterpillars) and the aphid Brevicoryne brassicae] and an alien invasive herbivore (eggs and caterpillars of the moth Spodoptera exigua). We found that Trichogramma wasps were attracted by volatiles induced in the plants by P. brassicae eggs, but not by those induced in the plants by S. exigua eggs, indicating the specificity of the plant responses toward lepidopteran herbivores. The results of the chemical analysis revealed significant differences between the volatile blends emitted by plants in response to attack by P. brassicae and S. exigua eggs which were in agreement with the behavioural observations. We investigated the attraction of Trichogramma wasps toward P. brassicae egg-induced volatiles in plants simultaneously attacked by larvae and nymphs of different non-hosts. The two chewing caterpillars P. brassicae and S. exigua, but not the phloem-feeding aphid B. brassicae, can disrupt the attraction of Trichogramma species toward P. brassicae egg-induced volatiles. Indirect plant defenses are discussed in the context of multiple herbivory by evaluating the importance of origin, dietary specialization and feeding guild of different attackers on the recruitment of egg-killing parasitoids.
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Bruce TJA. Interplay between insects and plants: dynamic and complex interactions that have coevolved over millions of years but act in milliseconds. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2015; 66:455-65. [PMID: 25271259 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/eru391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
In an environment with changing availability and quality of host plants, phytophagous insects are under selection pressure to find quality hosts. They need to maximize their fitness by locating suitable plants and avoiding unsuitable ones. Thus, they have evolved a finely tuned sensory system, for detection of host cues, and a nervous system, capable of integrating inputs from sensory neurons with a high level of spatio-temporal resolution. Insect responses to cues are not fixed but depend on the context in which they are perceived, the physiological state of the insect, and prior learning experiences. However, there are examples of insects making 'mistakes' and being attracted to poor quality hosts. While insects have evolved ways of finding hosts, plants have been under selection pressure to do precisely the opposite and evade detection or defend themselves when attacked. Once on the plant, insect-associated molecules may trigger or suppress defence depending on whether the plant or the insect is ahead in evolutionary terms. Plant volatile emission is influenced by defence responses induced by insect feeding or oviposition which can attract natural enemies but repel herbivores. Conversely, plant reproductive fitness is increased by attraction of pollinators. Interactions can be altered by other organisms associated with the plant such as other insects, plant pathogens, or mycorrhizal fungi. Plant phenotype is plastic and can be changed by epigenetic factors in adaptation to periods of biotic stress. Space and time play crucial roles in influencing the outcome of interactions between insects and plants.
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Groux R, Hilfiker O, Gouhier-Darimont C, Peñaflor MFGV, Erb M, Reymond P. Role of Methyl Salicylate on Oviposition Deterrence in Arabidopsis thaliana. J Chem Ecol 2014; 40:754-9. [DOI: 10.1007/s10886-014-0470-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2014] [Revised: 06/11/2014] [Accepted: 06/17/2014] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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Téllez-Rodríguez P, Raymond B, Morán-Bertot I, Rodríguez-Cabrera L, Wright DJ, Borroto CG, Ayra-Pardo C. Strong oviposition preference for Bt over non-Bt maize in Spodoptera frugiperda and its implications for the evolution of resistance. BMC Biol 2014; 12:48. [PMID: 24935031 PMCID: PMC4094916 DOI: 10.1186/1741-7007-12-48] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2013] [Accepted: 05/15/2014] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Transgenic crops expressing Bt toxins have substantial benefits for growers in terms of reduced synthetic insecticide inputs, area-wide pest management and yield. This valuable technology depends upon delaying the evolution of resistance. The 'high dose/refuge strategy', in which a refuge of non-Bt plants is planted in close proximity to the Bt crop, is the foundation of most existing resistance management. Most theoretical analyses of the high dose/refuge strategy assume random oviposition across refugia and Bt crops. RESULTS In this study we examined oviposition and survival of Spodoptera frugiperda across conventional and Bt maize and explored the impact of oviposition behavior on the evolution of resistance in simulation models. Over six growing seasons oviposition rates per plant were higher in Bt crops than in refugia. The Cry1F Bt maize variety retained largely undamaged leaves, and oviposition preference was correlated with the level of feeding damage in the refuge. In simulation models, damage-avoiding oviposition accelerated the evolution of resistance and either led to requirements for larger refugia or undermined resistance management altogether. Since larval densities affected oviposition preferences, pest population dynamics affected resistance evolution: larger refugia were weakly beneficial for resistance management if they increased pest population sizes and the concomitant degree of leaf damage. CONCLUSIONS Damaged host plants have reduced attractiveness to many insect pests, and crops expressing Bt toxins are generally less damaged than conventional counterparts. Resistance management strategies should take account of this behavior, as it has the potential to undermine the effectiveness of existing practice, especially in the tropics where many pests are polyvoltinous. Efforts to bring down total pest population sizes and/or increase the attractiveness of damaged conventional plants will have substantial benefits for slowing the evolution of resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ben Raymond
- Division of Biology, Department of Life Sciences, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Imperial College London, Silwood Park campus, Ascot, Berkshire SL5 7PY, UK
| | - Ivis Morán-Bertot
- Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (CIGB), Havana 10600, Cuba
| | | | - Denis J Wright
- Division of Biology, Department of Life Sciences, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Imperial College London, Silwood Park campus, Ascot, Berkshire SL5 7PY, UK
| | - Carlos G Borroto
- Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (CIGB), Havana 10600, Cuba
| | - Camilo Ayra-Pardo
- Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (CIGB), Havana 10600, Cuba
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Zebelo S, Piorkowski J, Disi J, Fadamiro H. Secretions from the ventral eversible gland of Spodoptera exigua caterpillars activate defense-related genes and induce emission of volatile organic compounds in tomato, Solanum lycopersicum. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2014; 14:140. [PMID: 24885633 PMCID: PMC4032488 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2229-14-140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2014] [Accepted: 05/12/2014] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Plant induced defense against herbivory are generally associated with metabolic costs that result in the allocation of photosynthates from growth and reproduction to the synthesis of defense compounds. Therefore, it is essential that plants are capable of sensing and differentiating mechanical injury from herbivore injury. Studies have shown that oral secretions (OS) from caterpillars contain elicitors of induced plant responses. However, studies that shows whether these elicitors originated from salivary glands or from other organs associated with feeding, such as the ventral eversible gland (VEG) are limited. Here, we tested the hypothesis that the secretions from the VEG gland of Spodoptera exigua caterpillars contain elicitors that induce plant defenses by regulating the expression of genes involved in the biosynthesis of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and other defense-related genes. To test this hypothesis, we quantified and compared the activity of defense-related enzymes, transcript levels of defense-related genes and VOC emission in tomato plants damaged by S. exigua caterpillars with the VEG intact (VEGI) versus plants damaged by caterpillars with the VEG ablated (VEGA). RESULTS The quantified defense-related enzymes (i.e. peroxidase, polyphenol oxidase, and lipoxigenase) were expressed in significantly higher amounts in plants damaged by VEGI caterpillars than in plants damaged by VEGA caterpillars. Similarly, the genes that encode for the key enzymes involved in the biosynthesis of jasmonic acid and terpene synthase genes that regulate production of terpene VOCs, were up-regulated in plants damaged by VEGI caterpillars. Moreover, the OS of VEGA caterpillars were less active in inducing the expression of defense genes in tomato plants. Increased emissions of VOCs were detected in the headspace of plants damaged by VEGI caterpillars compared to plants damaged by VEGA caterpillars. CONCLUSION These results suggest that the VEG of S. exigua caterpillars contains elicitors of late plant defense signaling in tomato which trigger defense-related enzymatic activity, regulate expression of defense-related genes, and induce emission of plant VOCs. These signaling cascades may have important ramifications for plant-insect and tritrophic interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Zebelo
- Department of Entomology & Plant Pathology, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
| | - Jill Piorkowski
- Department of Entomology & Plant Pathology, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
| | - Joseph Disi
- Department of Entomology & Plant Pathology, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
| | - Henry Fadamiro
- Department of Entomology & Plant Pathology, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
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Morawo T, Fadamiro H. Attraction of two larval parasitoids with varying degree of host specificity to single components and a binary mixture of host-related plant volatiles. CHEMOECOLOGY 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s00049-014-0154-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Pashalidou FG, Lucas-Barbosa D, van Loon JJA, Dicke M, Fatouros NE. Phenotypic plasticity of plant response to herbivore eggs: effects on resistance to caterpillars and plant development. Ecology 2013; 94:702-13. [PMID: 23687896 DOI: 10.1890/12-1561.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Herbivory induces direct resistance responses in plants that negatively affect subsequently colonizing herbivores. Moreover, eggs of herbivorous insects can also activate plant resistance, which in some cases prevents hatching larvae from feeding. Until now, plant-mediated effects of eggs on subsequent herbivory, and the specificity of such responses, have remained poorly understood. We studied the specificity and effects of plant resistance induced by herbivore egg deposition against lepidopteran larvae of species with different dietary breadths, feeding on a wild annual plant, the crucifer Brassica nigra. We examined whether this plant-mediated response affects the growth of caterpillars of a specialist (Pieris brassicae) that feeds on B. nigra leaves and flowers, and a generalist (Mamestra brassicae) that rarely attacks this wild crucifer. We measured growth rates of neonate larvae to the end of their second instar after the larvae had hatched on plants exposed to eggs vs. plants without eggs, under laboratory and semi-field conditions. Moreover, we studied the effects of egg deposition by the two herbivore species on plant height and flowering rate before and after larval hatching. Larvae of both herbivore species that developed on plants previously infested with eggs of the specialist butterfly P. brassicae gained less mass compared with larvae that developed on egg-free plants. Plants exposed to butterfly eggs showed accelerated plant growth and flowering compared to egg-free plants. Egg deposition by the generalist moth M. brassicae, in contrast, had no effect on subsequent performance by either herbivore species, or on plant development. Our results demonstrate that B. nigra plants respond differently to eggs of two herbivore species in terms of plant development and induced resistance to caterpillar attack. For this annual crucifer, the retardation of caterpillar growth in response to deposition of eggs by P. brassicae in combination with enhanced growth and flowering likely result in reproductive assurance, after being exposed to eggs from an herbivore whose larvae rapidly reduce the plant's reproductive potential through florivory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Foteini G Pashalidou
- Laboratory of Entomology, Wageningen University, P.O. Box 8031, 6700 EH Wageningen, The Netherlands.
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