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Fernanda da Silva Roberto F, Difante GDS, Vinhas Ítavo LC, Brandão Ferreira Ítavo CC, Rodrigues JG, de Gusmão Pereira M, Augusto de Araújo M, Freire Guidolin DG, Rodrigues da Silva H, Ribeiro NL. Hepatogenic photosensitization in lambs supplemented with different levels of extruded urea in Brachiaria spp. pastures in the Brazilian Cerrado: Case report. Toxicon 2024; 242:107692. [PMID: 38513828 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2024.107692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2024] [Revised: 03/18/2024] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024]
Abstract
The aim was to report cases and risk factors for hepatogenous photosensitization in lambs kept on Brachiaria spp. pastures and supplemented with levels of extruded urea (EU). The herd consisted of 69 Texel crossbred lambs with known parentage (fathers and mothers adapted to the consumption of forage of the genus Brachiaria), randomly divided into 5 groups and distributed in individual paddocks for each group. The animals were supplemented with increasing levels of EU (Amireia® 200S): 0, 6, 12, 18, and 24 g of EU per 100 kg-1 of body weight (BW). The concentration of protodioscin was estimated in the mixed pastures of Brachiaria spp. (cv. Marandu and cv. Basilisk), structural components (leaf, stem, and dead material), samples of each cultivar, and in the months of December (2018), February, and April (2019). The animals were examined daily, and when behavioral changes were identified, they underwent clinical examinations and anamnesis. Weighing was performed every 14 days, followed by necropsy and serum biochemical analysis, including gamma-glutamyltransferase (GGT). The highest concentrations of protodioscin (p < 0.0001) were found in the pastures used by animals supplemented without extruded urea (7.07 ± 0.56), in the Basilisk cultivar (11.35 ± 0.06), in the leaf blade components (2.08 ± 0.05), and thatch (2.20 ± 0.00), and in the month of April (7.34 ± 0.29) (the month with the lowest rainfall), respectively. Fourteen (20.29%) cases of photosensitization were observed in lambs, of which six recovered, and eight died. Serum GGT levels ranged from 42.2 to 225 IU/L; however, in animals that died, values ranged from 209.4 to 225 IU/L. The use of levels 12 g and 18 g per 100 kg-1 of body weight of extruded urea may contribute to the lower occurrence of photosensitization, as the animals selected pastures with lower protodioscin content, presenting a smaller number of cases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Gelson Dos Santos Difante
- Department of Animal Science, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil
| | - Luís Carlos Vinhas Ítavo
- Department of Animal Science, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil
| | | | - Jéssica Gomes Rodrigues
- Department of Animal Science, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil
| | - Marislayne de Gusmão Pereira
- Department of Animal Science, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil
| | - Marcelo Augusto de Araújo
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil
| | - Diego Gomes Freire Guidolin
- Department of Animal Science, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil
| | - Hitalo Rodrigues da Silva
- Department of Animal Science, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil
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Pozo-Leyva D, Casanova-Lugo F, López-González F, Celis-Álvarez MD, Cruz-Tamayo AA, Canúl-Solís JR, Chay-Canúl AJ. Impact of diversified grazing systems on milk production, nutrient use and enteric methane emissions in dual-purpose cows. Trop Anim Health Prod 2024; 56:140. [PMID: 38656670 DOI: 10.1007/s11250-024-03989-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2023] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
This study evaluated three continuous grazing systems: Brachiaria Brizantha, Clitoria ternatea and naturalized pastures, complemented with commercial concentrate and C. ternatea silage on milk yield, nutrient use and enteric methane (CH4) emissions. Nine multiparous cows of local Zebu breeds, with an average weight of 448 ± 87 kg, were used. The chemical composition of the food was determined. Live weight, milk production, and quality were assessed. Furthermore, serum urea, urea nitrogen, creatinine and glucose in blood were monitored, and nitrogen use efficiency were calculated. Enteric methane (CH4) emissions were estimated using Tier-2 methodology. A 3 × 3 latin square experimental design was applied. The grazing systems of B. brizantha and C. ternatea had the greater live weights of 465.8 and 453.3 kg/cow, although the latter is similar to naturalized pasture. Milk production and quality were not affected by grazing system, with the exception of the non-fat solids, where the C. ternatea system was lower (102.2 g/kg) than the other grazing systems. The crude protein and N intake, and N excretion in feces and urine were lower in naturalized pasture systems (1139.0 g/day). N outputs in milk was high in the C. ternatea system (56.3 g/cow/day). The naturalized pastures systems showed the better feed use efficiency (25.7%) compared to others. Serum urea and blood urea nitrogen were greater in B. brizantha followed by C. ternatea. Enteric CH4 emissions were indifferent among grazing systems when expressed as a percentage of greenhouse gases (7.1%). In conclusion, the grazing C. ternatea supplemented with commercial concentrate and C. ternatea silage maintains milk production and quality, reduced cow/day emissions (by 2.5%) and lowered energy losses as methane.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dixan Pozo-Leyva
- Tecnológico Nacional de México Campus I. T. de la Zona Maya, Carretera Chetumal-Escárcega km 21.5, Ejido Juan Sarabia, C.P. 77960. Othón P. Blanco, Quintana Roo, México
| | - Fernando Casanova-Lugo
- Tecnológico Nacional de México Campus I. T. de la Zona Maya, Carretera Chetumal-Escárcega km 21.5, Ejido Juan Sarabia, C.P. 77960. Othón P. Blanco, Quintana Roo, México.
| | - Felipe López-González
- Instituto de Ciencias Agropecuarias y Rurales (ICAR), Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, Campus UAEM El Cerrillo, El Cerrillo Piedras Blancas, Toluca, Estado de México, C.P. 50090, México
| | - María D Celis-Álvarez
- Instituto de Ciencias Agropecuarias y Rurales (ICAR), Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, Campus UAEM El Cerrillo, El Cerrillo Piedras Blancas, Toluca, Estado de México, C.P. 50090, México
| | - Alvar A Cruz-Tamayo
- Escuela Superior de Ciencias Agropecuarias, Universidad Autónoma de Campeche, C. 53 s/n, Unidad Esfuerzo y Trabajo I, Escárcega, Campeche, C.P. 24350, México
| | - Jorge R Canúl-Solís
- Tecnologico Nacional de México Campus I. T. de Tizimín, Avenida Cupules km 2.5, Tizimín Yucatán, CP. 97700, México
| | - Alfonso J Chay-Canúl
- División Académica de Ciencias Agropecuarias, Universidad Juárez Autónoma de Tabasco, México. Carretera Villahermosa-Teapa, km 25, R/a. La Huasteca 2ª. Sección, Villahermosa, Tabasco, C.P. 86280, México
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Santana JCS, Difante GDS, Rodrigues JG, Pereira MDG, Fernandes HJ, Ítavo CCBF, Longhini VZ, Dias AM, Ítavo LCV. Mathematical models for predicting protodioscin in tropical forage grasses. Toxicon 2024; 240:107628. [PMID: 38278421 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2024.107628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2023] [Revised: 01/20/2024] [Accepted: 01/21/2024] [Indexed: 01/28/2024]
Abstract
Protodioscin is a saponin present in grasses that can lead to losses in animal production. Our hypothesis was that mathematical models can accurately and precisely predict the protodioscin concentration in tropical grasses. We evaluated the ability of four mathematical models to describe the protodioscin concentration in Brachiaria and Panicum cultivars with different regrowth periods. Six cultivars of Panicum: Aruana, Massai, Mombaça, Tanzânia, Tamani, and Zuri; and five of Brachiaria-grass: Marandu, Paiaguás, Piatã, Xaraés and Basilisk. Protodioscin concentration evaluations were carried out at 51, 84, 110, and 111 days of age. Linear, Quadratic, Exponential, and Logarithmic models were evaluated, and the adequacy of the models was verified. The models were compared for accuracy and precision by pairwise mean squared error analysis and the delta Akaike information criterion. The models did not differ from each other in terms of accuracy and precision. The exponential model showed a high ability to explain the observed variability between protodioscin concentration and plant age for Brachiaria grasses. Panicum grasses have constant protodioscin concentration. Mathematical models are capable of predicting the protodioscin concentration in grasses of the genus Brachiaria based on plant age. We recommend Exponential model to predict the concentration of protodioscin in Brachiaria grasses.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Gelson Dos Santos Difante
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul - Campo Grande, Brazil
| | - Jéssica Gomes Rodrigues
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul - Campo Grande, Brazil
| | - Marislayne de Gusmão Pereira
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul - Campo Grande, Brazil
| | - Henrique Jorge Fernandes
- Unidade Universitaria de Aquidauana, State University of Mato Grosso do Sul - Aquidauana, Brazil
| | | | - Vanessa Zirondi Longhini
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul - Campo Grande, Brazil
| | - Alexandre Menezes Dias
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul - Campo Grande, Brazil
| | - Luís Carlos Vinhas Ítavo
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul - Campo Grande, Brazil
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de Souza ZWG, da Silva MGP, Neves AP, de Araújo TLAC, Siqueira NMC, Amaral WA, Montagner DB, Ítavo LCV, Júnior VB, Marson B, de Nadai Bonin M, da Costa Gomes R. Association of rainfall pattern with the disappearance of mineral mixtures fed cattle managed on tropical pastures. Trop Anim Health Prod 2024; 56:69. [PMID: 38319414 DOI: 10.1007/s11250-024-03919-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 02/07/2024]
Abstract
The objective of the present study was to evaluate the association between rainfall and the disappearance of mineral mixtures in the supplementation of cattle on pasture. Supplement consumption and rainfall data were obtained from five experiments carried out between 2016 and 2022. The experiments lasted from 84 to 126 days and had 12 to 18 paddocks formed by Brachiaria spp. under grazing by beef cattle (n = 544), receiving mineral supplementation. Supplement disappearance (SD), difference between the amount offered and leftovers (considering intake and losses) and precipitation (PR), was measured over periods of 14 to 21 days. The periods (n = 565) were classified as very dry, dry, normal, rainy, and very rainy, using the Quantis method. The number of rainy days (RD) and the average precipitation per RD (APRD) per period and the average body weight (BW) of the animals in the periods were also determined. Linear regression analyses assessed the association between BW, PR, RD, and APRD. The average PR in the periods studied was 68.5 mm, ranging from 0.00 to 160.3 mm. Each period had up to six RD, with up to 129.5 mm precipitated. The average BW was 270 kg, ranging from 208 to 335 kg and the average SD was 82.2 g/animal/day, ranging from 0.52 to 176.7 g/animal/day. Differences in RD and APRD are consistent across precipitation classes. In the regression analysis, the model with the highest coefficient of determination was the one that contained the linear and quadratic terms for the RD variable. Including linear and quadratic terms of all variables in a multiple regression represented more than half of the variation in the disappearance of the supplement (R2 = 0.5823). There is no clear relationship between the intensity of precipitation, reflected in the form of classes, and the disappearance of supplements offered to cattle on pasture since dry and very rainy periods can be equivalent. However, variables that characterize the precipitation pattern are more relevant than animal live weight to explain existing variations in supplement disappearance. Among them, the frequency with which precipitation occurs (number of rainy days in the period) seems to be more important than the precipitation rate itself, probably because it is related to the volume of precipitation accumulated in the period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zey Welington Gomes de Souza
- Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia (FAMEZ), Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul, Avenida Senador Felinto Muller, 2443, Pioneiros, Cidade Universitária, Campo Grande, MS, 79070-900, Brazil
| | - Manoel Gustavo Paranhos da Silva
- Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia (FAMEZ), Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul, Avenida Senador Felinto Muller, 2443, Pioneiros, Cidade Universitária, Campo Grande, MS, 79070-900, Brazil.
| | - Andrei Pereira Neves
- Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Rodovia Celso Garcia Cid km 380, Londrina, PR, Brazil
| | | | | | - Wallyson Almeida Amaral
- Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia (FAMEZ), Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul, Avenida Senador Felinto Muller, 2443, Pioneiros, Cidade Universitária, Campo Grande, MS, 79070-900, Brazil
| | | | - Luís Carlos Vinhas Ítavo
- Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia (FAMEZ), Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul, Avenida Senador Felinto Muller, 2443, Pioneiros, Cidade Universitária, Campo Grande, MS, 79070-900, Brazil
| | | | - Bruno Marson
- Connan Comércio de Nutrição Animal Ltda., Av. Mário Pedro Vercellino, 877, Jardim América, Boituva, SP, Brazil
| | - Márcio de Nadai Bonin
- Connan Comércio de Nutrição Animal Ltda., Av. Mário Pedro Vercellino, 877, Jardim América, Boituva, SP, Brazil
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Fonseca MG, Auad AM, Resende TT, Veríssimo BA, Oliveira CM. Exposure of insects and host plants to different concentrations of CO2 affects the performance of Mahanarva spectabilis (Hemiptera: Cercopidae) in successive insect generations. BRAZ J BIOL 2023; 83:e273470. [PMID: 37851770 DOI: 10.1590/1519-6984.273470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 10/20/2023] Open
Abstract
The performance of three successive generations of Mahanarva spectabilis (Distant) (Hemiptera: Cercopidae) fed on four forages exposed to environments with different CO2 concentrations was evaluated. In the first bioassay, we utilized the following scenarios: A) plants and insects were kept at high and constant CO2 (700 ppm) and B) the insects were kept at CO2 700 ppm and fed on plants from the greenhouse (average of 390 ppm). In the second bioassay, we utilized the following scenarios: C) plants and insects were kept in a greenhouse and D) the insects were kept in the greenhouse and fed on plants kept at CO2 700 ppm. The survival and duration of the nymphal and adult stages and the number of eggs/female of M. spectabilis were evaluated. It was only possible to evaluate the cumulative effects of the increase of CO2 on three successive generations of M. spectabilis kept in a greenhouse, due to the reduced survival of the insects in the first generation in the laboratory. A greater direct than indirect effect of the CO2 level on the performance of M. spectabilis was observed. Furthermore, it should be considered that the effect of CO2 elevation on the survival, periods of development, and fecundity, when taken together, can significantly impact the population dynamics of M. spectabilis in future climate scenarios.
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Affiliation(s)
- M G Fonseca
- Embrapa Gado de Leite, Laboratório de Entomologia, Juiz de Fora, MG, Brasil
| | - A M Auad
- Embrapa Gado de Leite, Laboratório de Entomologia, Juiz de Fora, MG, Brasil
| | - T T Resende
- Embrapa Gado de Leite, Laboratório de Entomologia, Juiz de Fora, MG, Brasil
| | - B A Veríssimo
- Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora, Departamento de Biodiversidade e Conservação da Natureza, Juiz de Fora, MG, Brasil
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de Melo GKA, Ítavo CCBF, Ítavo LCV, Gurgel ALC, Dos Santos Difante G, Longhini VZ, Dias AM, de Melo Soares ES, da Silva Heimbach N, da Silva PCG, de Souza Arco TFF, da Silva JA, Ferelli KLSM, da Silva Miguel AA, de Godoy C, de Andrade PB. Mathematical models to predict the lamb weight at birth and at weaning reared in the tropical warm-climate pasture. Trop Anim Health Prod 2023; 55:330. [PMID: 37749453 DOI: 10.1007/s11250-023-03764-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 09/27/2023]
Abstract
Our objective was to evaluate the productive parameters of ewes and their lambs in relation to ewe age and to develop models for predicting lamb weight at birth and weaning in a tropical warm-climate pasture. Individual data were collected from 273 ewes and 273 lambs, between 2013 and 2021. During this period all animals were kept on pastures of Brachiaria brizantha cv. Marandu All lambs in the experiments were supplemented in creep-feeding. A descriptive statistical analysis was performed using the PROC SUMMARY procedure in SAS (SAS University Edition, SAS Institute Inc. Cary, CA, USA). Pearson correlation coefficients between variables were estimated using the PROC CORR procedure in SAS (SAS University Edition, SAS Institute Inc. Cary, CA, USA). Model adjustments and variable selection were performed using PROC REG in SAS (SAS University Edition, SAS Institute Inc. Cary, CA, USA). The STEPWISE option and Mallow's C(p) were used to select the variables included in the equations. Outliers were identified by evaluating the studentized residuals based on the predicted values from the equations. Residual analysis was predicted by regression minus observed values and those that fell outside the range of -2.5 to 2.5 were removed. Several statistics were used to assess the predictability of the equations, including the coefficients of determination (r2) and mean standard error (RMSE). The average ewe age at lambing was 3.4 ± 1.7 years, with an average weight of 56.9 ± 8,9 kg and average body condition score (BCS) of 2,4 ± 0.8 points. The average ewe age at weaning was 51.1 ± 7.9, with average BCS of 1.8 ± 0.8 points. The average lamb at birthing was 3.9 ± 0.9 kg. The average lamb at weaning was 21.0 ± 4.9, with daily gain of 0.2 ± 0.1 kg/day and total gain of 17.1 ± 4.7 kg birth to weaning. The lamb produced by ewe at lambing was 5.3 ± 1.7 kg/ewe. The lamb weaned by ewe at weaning was 28.7 ± 10.8 kg/ewe. The ratios of lamb produced per ewe at birth and at weaning were 0.1 ± 0.03 and 0.6 ± 0.2, respectively. The lamb's birth weight showed a positive linear relationship with the age of the ewe, increasing by 115 g per year of age. The regression equations adjusted for ewe age had maximum points ranging from 4.2 to 5.2, occurring at average age of 4,7 years. The other characteristics showed a quadratic tendency. The results suggest the culling of ewes at five years of age to generate lambs with ideal weight at birth and at weaning raised in warm tropical pastures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gleice Kelli Ayardes de Melo
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science - FAMEZ, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso Do Sul, Campo Grande, Mato Grosso Do Sul, 79070-900, Brazil.
| | - Camila Celeste Brandão Ferreira Ítavo
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science - FAMEZ, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso Do Sul, Campo Grande, Mato Grosso Do Sul, 79070-900, Brazil
| | - Luís Carlos Vinhas Ítavo
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science - FAMEZ, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso Do Sul, Campo Grande, Mato Grosso Do Sul, 79070-900, Brazil
| | | | - Gelson Dos Santos Difante
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science - FAMEZ, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso Do Sul, Campo Grande, Mato Grosso Do Sul, 79070-900, Brazil
| | - Vanessa Zirondi Longhini
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science - FAMEZ, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso Do Sul, Campo Grande, Mato Grosso Do Sul, 79070-900, Brazil
| | - Alexandre Menezes Dias
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science - FAMEZ, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso Do Sul, Campo Grande, Mato Grosso Do Sul, 79070-900, Brazil
| | - Evelyn Silva de Melo Soares
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science - FAMEZ, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso Do Sul, Campo Grande, Mato Grosso Do Sul, 79070-900, Brazil
| | | | - Pâmila Carolini Gonçalves da Silva
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science - FAMEZ, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso Do Sul, Campo Grande, Mato Grosso Do Sul, 79070-900, Brazil
| | - Thais Fernanda Farias de Souza Arco
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science - FAMEZ, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso Do Sul, Campo Grande, Mato Grosso Do Sul, 79070-900, Brazil
| | - Jonilson Araújo da Silva
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science - FAMEZ, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso Do Sul, Campo Grande, Mato Grosso Do Sul, 79070-900, Brazil
| | - Kedma Leonora Silva Monteiro Ferelli
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science - FAMEZ, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso Do Sul, Campo Grande, Mato Grosso Do Sul, 79070-900, Brazil
| | - Aline Aparecida da Silva Miguel
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science - FAMEZ, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso Do Sul, Campo Grande, Mato Grosso Do Sul, 79070-900, Brazil
| | - Camila de Godoy
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science - FAMEZ, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso Do Sul, Campo Grande, Mato Grosso Do Sul, 79070-900, Brazil
| | - Priscila Bernardo de Andrade
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science - FAMEZ, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso Do Sul, Campo Grande, Mato Grosso Do Sul, 79070-900, Brazil
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Castro MMD, DeVries TJ, Machado AF, Ferreira MM, Rennó LN, Marcondes MI. Metabolic responses and performance of Holstein × Gyr heifers grazing Brachiaria decumbens supplemented with varied crude protein levels. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0289747. [PMID: 37616277 PMCID: PMC10449210 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0289747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023] Open
Abstract
We aimed to evaluate the effect of supplemental CP on the nutritional characteristics and performance of Holstein × Gyr crossbreed heifers grazing intensively-managed Brachiaria decumbens throughout the year. Thirty-eight heifers with average initial body weight of 172.5 ± 11.15 kg (mean ± SE) and 8.2 ± 0.54 mo of age were randomly assigned to four treatments: three protein supplements (SUP) composed of soybean meal and ground corn fed at 5g/kg of BW, plus a control group (CON). The supplements had 12, 24 and 36% of CP for treatments S12 (n = 9), S24 (n = 10), and S36 (n = 9), respectively. The experiment latest one year, subdivided into four seasons: rainy, dry, rainy-dry transition (RDT), and dry-rainy transition (DRT). Feces and pasture samples were collected for 4 days in each season, using chromium oxide, titanium dioxide, and indigestible neutral detergent fiber (NDF) to estimate fecal excretion, supplement, and pasture intake, respectively. The data were analyzed using PROC GLIMMIXED of the SAS with repeated measures. No effects of supplementation were detected on pasture and NDF intake. However, SUP animals had a greater intake of DM, metabolizable energy, and metabolizable protein. A positive linear response on metabolizable protein intake was observed among SUP animals. We observed an interaction between treatment and season for all digestibility variables, with a positive linear response in CP digestibility among SUP animals during all seasons. For neutral detergent fiber (NDF) digestibility, we observed a positive linear response in RDT and rainy seasons and a quadratic response during the dry season. Furthermore, SUP animals had greater average daily gain (ADG) than non-supplemented animals, and among SUP animals, there was a quadratic response to ADG, with the greatest gain observed in S24. We observed greater nitrogen retention coefficient in SUP animals than in non-supplemented animals and a positive linear effect among SUP animals. Supplemental CP did not affect microbial protein production and efficiency. We observed an interaction between treatment and season for blood glucose, with SUP animals having greater glucose concentration in all seasons than non-supplemented animals. Additionally, we observed a quadratic response among SUP animals only during RDT and dry season, with the greatest glucose concentration in S24. SUP animals had greater blood concentrations of urea and IGF-1. In conclusion, SUP animals had greater intake, digestibility, and performance than non-supplemented animals, with the 24% CP supplement demonstrating the best metabolic responses and performance.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Luciana Navajas Rennó
- Department of Animal Science, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Marcos Inacio Marcondes
- Department of Animal Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington, United States of America
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Flausino BF, Machado CFM, Silva JHC, Ronchi CP, Pimentel MAG, Gontijo LM. Intercropping maize with brachiaria can be a double-edged sword strategy. Pest Manag Sci 2022; 78:5243-5250. [PMID: 36054418 DOI: 10.1002/ps.7143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2022] [Revised: 07/27/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Intercropping is commonly implemented as a way of promoting sustainable agriculture. Some of the benefits of intercropping include improving resource-use efficiency and soil quality as well as promoting pest control. As for pest control, intercropping can often engender pest repellency/confusion and promote natural biological control. Nevertheless, intercropping is not always a win-win strategy for pest management, with chances of sometimes either favoring or hampering pests and their natural enemies. Brazilian farmers commonly row-intercrop maize with brachiaria with the intent of forming a grass pasture for the feeding of livestock after maize harvest. However, very little is known about whether this intercropping can influence key pests and natural enemies in the maize agroecosystem. The overall aim of this study was to investigate how multiple groups of maize pests and natural enemies respond in terms of temporal abundance to this intercropping. RESULTS Defoliation caused by caterpillars was higher in the intercropping treatment. Intercropping appeared to promote Dalbulus maidis while hampering aphids and Diabrotica speciosa. In general, the abundance of natural enemies was favored by intercropping. There was a reduction in maize productivity (i.e. fresh weight) in the intercropping treatment. Most results were season dependent. CONCLUSION We believe that by considering together the pros and cons of intercropping maize and brachiaria in terms of pest management and soil conservation/fertility, the benefits of implementing this intercropping shall still outweigh its potential challenges. Nevertheless, the results and ensuing recommendations should be considered under the context of time and arthropod species. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruno F Flausino
- Graduate Program: Management and Conservation of Natural and Agricultural Ecosystems, Federal University of Viçosa - Florestal Campus, Florestal, Brazil
| | - Carolina F M Machado
- Graduate Program: Management and Conservation of Natural and Agricultural Ecosystems, Federal University of Viçosa - Florestal Campus, Florestal, Brazil
| | - José Hiago C Silva
- Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Federal University of Viçosa - Florestal Campus, Florestal, Brazil
| | - Cláudio P Ronchi
- Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Federal University of Viçosa - Florestal Campus, Florestal, Brazil
| | | | - Lessando M Gontijo
- Graduate Program: Management and Conservation of Natural and Agricultural Ecosystems, Federal University of Viçosa - Florestal Campus, Florestal, Brazil
- Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Federal University of Viçosa - Florestal Campus, Florestal, Brazil
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9
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da Silva DR, Schaefer CEGR, Kuki KN, Santos MFS, Heringer G, da Silva LC. Why is Brachiaria decumbens Stapf. a common species in the mining tailings of the Fundão dam in Minas Gerais, Brazil? Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2022; 29:79168-79183. [PMID: 35708810 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-21345-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2021] [Accepted: 06/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Currently, more than five years after the Fundão dam failure in Mariana, Minas Gerais, Brazil, Brachiaria decumbens Stapf. is the main grass in pasturelands affected by the mining tailings. The aim of this study was to investigate the reason for this fact as well as to determine the ecophysiological effects of mining tailings on B. decumbens and to test whether mixing the tailings with unaffected local soil enhances the affected soil properties. For the experiment, two different soils were collected, one unaffected soil without mining tailings (Ref) and the mining tailings (Tec), and we also created a mixture with 50 % of each soil type (Ref/Tec). We cultivated B. decumbens in the three soil treatments in a greenhouse for 110 days and evaluated soil physical-chemical properties and plant ecophysiology. Our results show that the tailings (Tec) compromised the normal ecophysiological state of B. decumbens. The species survived these adverse conditions due to its great efficiency in acquiring some elements. The soil management tested by this work mitigated the stress caused by tailings and can represent an alternative for the environmental recovery of the affected soils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Rodrigues da Silva
- Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Av. P. H. Rolfs, s/n, Campus Universitário, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, 36570-900, Brazil
| | | | - Kacilda Naomi Kuki
- Departamento de Agronomia, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Av. P. H. Rolfs, s/n, Campus Universitário, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, 36570-900, Brazil
| | - Michel Filiphy Silva Santos
- Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Av. P. H. Rolfs, s/n, Campus Universitário, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, 36570-900, Brazil
| | - Gustavo Heringer
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia Aplicada, Departamento de Ecologia e Conservação, Instituto de Ciências Naturais, Universidade Federal de Lavras - UFLA, Lavras, Minas Gerais, CEP 37200-900, Brazil
| | - Luzimar Campos da Silva
- Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Av. P. H. Rolfs, s/n, Campus Universitário, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, 36570-900, Brazil.
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10
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Santana JCS, Ítavo LCV, Ítavo CCBF, Dias AM, Niwa MVG, de Moraes GJ, Arcanjo ÂHM, Gurgel ALC, Borges AD, Formigoni GM, Dos Santos Difante G. Productive characteristics, chemical composition, in vitro digestibility, and degradation kinetics of two Brachiaria grasses at different regrowth ages. Trop Anim Health Prod 2022; 54:342. [PMID: 36221046 DOI: 10.1007/s11250-022-03341-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Accepted: 10/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The study aimed at the effect of different regrowth ages on chemical, productive, and morphological characteristics, in addition to the kinetics of gas production and in vitro digestibility of grasses of the genus Brachiaria. The treatments consisted of two regrowth ages (21 and 35 days) and two grass species (Brachiaria brizantha and B. ruziziensis), in plat with a dimension of 10 × 10 with four replications, totaling 16 plats in a completely randomized design. The regrowth age did not change the leaf:stem ratio of the grasses. Ruziziensis-grass had higher crude protein (CP) content in leaves than Marandu-grass (14.0% versus 10.9% respectively). Marandu-grass leaf had higher NDF content than Ruziziensis-grass (65.0 and 58.3%, respectively) and ADF content (39.6 and 33.2%, respectively). The accumulation rate is high in Marandu-grass regardless of the age of regrowth; however, the in vitro digestibility of dry matter of Ruziziensis-grass is better both in the leaf and in the stem. The regrowth age did not influence the dry matter (DM) and neutral detergent fiber (NDF) in vitro digestibility (ivD) of the leaves. The ivDNDF of leaves of both types of grass were similar. There was an increase in the ivDDM of stem when the regrowth age was 21 days. The DM degradation rate was higher in Marandu-grass at both regrowth ages, and the total gas production was higher at 21 days. The parameters evaluated in the dual-pool logistic model showed interaction for age and cultivar, except for fractions λ (lag time) and total gas production. Marandu-grass presented a greater volume of gas for the rapidly degradable fraction and a lower degradation rate. There was a significant interaction for the parameters evaluated in the models between ages and grasses. The exponential model showed interaction in all fractions. Grasses had reduced CP content and increased fibrous fraction as a function of age, with no reduction in leaf DM and NDF digestibility. The Ruziziensis-grass has higher digestibility at the regrowth ages evaluated, while Marandu-grass has higher yields. We recommend adjusting the in vitro degradation kinetics by the dual-pool logistic model.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Luís Carlos Vinhas Ítavo
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Federal University of Mato Grosso Do Sul, Campo Grande, MS, Brazil.
| | | | - Alexandre Menezes Dias
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Federal University of Mato Grosso Do Sul, Campo Grande, MS, Brazil
| | - Marcus Vinicius Garcia Niwa
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Federal University of Mato Grosso Do Sul, Campo Grande, MS, Brazil
| | - Gabriella Jorgetti de Moraes
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Federal University of Mato Grosso Do Sul, Campo Grande, MS, Brazil
| | | | | | - Adriélli Dias Borges
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Federal University of Mato Grosso Do Sul, Campo Grande, MS, Brazil
| | - Giovanna Manfre Formigoni
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Federal University of Mato Grosso Do Sul, Campo Grande, MS, Brazil
| | - Gelson Dos Santos Difante
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Federal University of Mato Grosso Do Sul, Campo Grande, MS, Brazil
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11
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Ali M, Walait S, Farhan Ul Haque M, Mukhtar S. Antimicrobial activity of bacteria associated with the rhizosphere and phyllosphere of Avena fatua and Brachiaria reptans. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2021; 28:68846-68861. [PMID: 34282546 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-15436-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2021] [Accepted: 07/09/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Environmental pollution especially heavy metal-contaminated soils adversely affects the microbial communities associated with the rhizosphere and phyllosphere of plants growing in these areas. In the current study, we identified and characterized the rhizospheric and phyllospheric bacterial strains from Avena fatua and Brachiaria reptans with the potential for antimicrobial activity and heavy metal resistance. A total of 18 bacterial strains from the rhizosphere and phyllosphere of A. fatua and 19 bacterial strains from the rhizosphere and phyllosphere of B. reptans were identified based on 16S rRNA sequence analysis. Bacterial genera, including Bacillus, Staphylococcus, Pseudomonas, and Enterobacter were dominant in the rhizosphere and phyllosphere of A. fatua and Bacillus, Marinobacter, Pseudomonas, Enterobacter, and Kocuria, were the dominating bacterial genera from the rhizosphere and phyllosphere of B. reptans. Most of the bacterial strains were resistant to heavy metals (Cd, Pb, and Cr) and showed antimicrobial activity against different pathogenic bacterial strains. The whole-genome sequence analysis of Pseudomonas putida BR-PH17, a strain isolated from the phyllosphere of B. reptans, was performed by using the Illumina sequencing approach. The BR-PH17 genome contained a chromosome with a size of 5774330 bp and a plasmid DNA with 80360 bp. In this genome, about 5368 predicted protein-coding sequences with 5539 total genes, 22 rRNAs, and 75 tRNA genes were identified. Functional analysis of chromosomal and plasmid DNA revealed a variety of enzymes and proteins involved in antibiotic resistance and biodegradation of complex organic pollutants. These results indicated that bacterial strains identified in this study could be utilized for bioremediation of heavy metal-contaminated soils and as a novel source of antimicrobial drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muskan Ali
- Lahore College for Women University, Near Wapda Flats, Jail Rd, Jubilee Town, Lahore, Punjab, 54000, Pakistan
| | - Sadia Walait
- Riphah International University, Faisalabad, Adjacent Fish Farm, Satayana Rd, Faisalabad, Punjab, 44000, Pakistan
| | | | - Salma Mukhtar
- School of Biological Sciences, University of the Punjab, Lahore, 54590, Pakistan.
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Rabêlo FHS, Gaziola SA, Rossi ML, Silveira NM, Wójcik M, Bajguz A, Piotrowska-Niczyporuk A, Lavres J, Linhares FS, Azevedo RA, Vangronsveld J, Alleoni LRF. Unraveling the mechanisms controlling Cd accumulation and Cd-tolerance in Brachiaria decumbens and Panicum maximum under summer and winter weather conditions. Physiol Plant 2021; 173:20-44. [PMID: 32602985 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.13160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2020] [Revised: 06/24/2020] [Accepted: 06/26/2020] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
We evaluated the mechanisms that control Cd accumulation and distribution, and the mechanisms that protect the photosynthetic apparatus of Brachiaria decumbens Stapf. cv. Basilisk and Panicum maximum Jacq. cv. Massai from Cd-induced oxidative stress, as well as the effects of simulated summer or winter conditions on these mechanisms. Both grasses were grown in unpolluted and Cd-polluted Oxisol (0.63 and 3.6 mg Cd kg-1 soil, respectively) at summer and winter conditions. Grasses grown in the Cd-polluted Oxisol presented higher Cd concentration in their tissues in the winter conditions, but the shoot biomass production of both grasses was not affected by the experimental conditions. Cadmium was more accumulated in the root apoplast than the root symplast, contributing to increase the diameter and cell layers of the cambial region of both grasses. Roots of B. decumbens were more susceptible to disturbed nutrients uptake and nitrogen metabolism than roots of P. maximum. Both grasses translocated high amounts of Cd to their shoots resulting in oxidative stress. Oxidative stress in the leaves of both grasses was higher in summer than winter, but only in P. maximum superoxide dismutase (SOD) and ascorbate peroxidase (APX) activities were increased. However, CO2 assimilation was not affected due to the protection provided by reduced glutathione (GSH) and phytochelatins (PCs) that were more synthesized in shoots than roots. In summary, the root apoplast was not sufficiently effective to prevent Cd translocation from roots to shoot, but GSH and PCs provided good protection for the photosynthetic apparatus of both grasses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Flávio Henrique Silveira Rabêlo
- College of Agriculture Luiz de Queiroz, University of São Paulo, Piracicaba, Brazil
- Centre for Environmental Sciences, Hasselt University, Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | | | - Monica Lanzoni Rossi
- Center for Nuclear Energy in Agriculture, University of São Paulo, Piracicaba, Brazil
| | | | - Małgorzata Wójcik
- Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, Maria Curie-Skłodowska University, Lublin, Poland
| | - Andrzej Bajguz
- Faculty of Biology and Chemistry, University of Bialystok, Białystok, Poland
| | | | - José Lavres
- Center for Nuclear Energy in Agriculture, University of São Paulo, Piracicaba, Brazil
| | | | | | - Jaco Vangronsveld
- Centre for Environmental Sciences, Hasselt University, Diepenbeek, Belgium
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13
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Muniandy KV, Chung ELT, Jaapar MS, Hamdan MHM, Reduan MFH, Salleh A, Jesse FFA. The influence of feeding low and high level of Brachiaria decumbens diets on the hematology, serum biochemistry, and acute phase proteins of sheep. Trop Anim Health Prod 2021; 53:372. [PMID: 34173068 DOI: 10.1007/s11250-021-02820-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2021] [Accepted: 06/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The present study aims to determine the hematology, serum biochemistry, and acute phase proteins (APPs) responses of both serum and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) in sheep fed with low and high levels of Brachiaria decumbens (B. decumbens) diets at different time phases. A total of 30 6-month-old male Dorper cross sheep were randomly divided into three treatment groups consisted of 10 sheep each. Treatment 1 (control) sheep were fed with Pennisetum purpureum and concentrates as the basal diet, whereas Treatments 2 and 3 sheep were fed with low (10%) and high (60%) level of B. decumbens, respectively. The hematology results revealed that there were significant differences (p < 0.05) in the red blood cells, mean corpuscular volume, mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration, white blood cells, neutrophils, monocytes, eosinophils, basophils, platelets, and plasma proteins between groups. Except for packed cell volume, there were also significant differences in all hematology parameters at different time phases. All biochemistry parameters except creatinine revealed significant differences among treatment groups. However, there were significant differences in all parameters between time. On the other hand, APPs results showed significant differences in the serum haptoglobin and serum amyloid A in both serum and CSF between groups and time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kalai Vaani Muniandy
- Institute of Tropical Agriculture and Food Security, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Eric Lim Teik Chung
- Institute of Tropical Agriculture and Food Security, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.
| | - Mimi Syazwani Jaapar
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Muhammad Hazziq Mohd Hamdan
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Mohd Farhan Hanif Reduan
- Department of Paraclinical Studies, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Malaysia Kelantan, Pengkalan Chepa 16100, Kota Bharu, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Annas Salleh
- Department of Veterinary Pathology and Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Faez Firdaus Abdullah Jesse
- Institute of Tropical Agriculture and Food Security, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Studies, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
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14
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da Costa MCM, Ítavo LCV, Ítavo CCBF, Dias AM, Dos Santos Difante G, Buschinelli de Goes RHDT, de Souza Leal E, Nonato LM, Kozerski ND, de Moraes GJ, Niwa MVG, Gurgel ALC, de Souza Arco TFF. Natural intoxication caused by protodioscin in lambs kept in Brachiaria pastures. Trop Anim Health Prod 2021; 53:336. [PMID: 34021407 DOI: 10.1007/s11250-021-02775-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2020] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Protodioscin poisoning of Brachiaria spp. has been a serious problem for lambs in grazing systems. The defoliation process can stimulate the appearance of new leaves and, the younger leaves have a lower concentration of protodioscin. Thus, it was aimed to assess the effect of different leaf offerings on the protodioscin content in forage and if protodioscin can interfere with the dry matter intake (DMI) and on metabolic and productive parameters of lambs. Twelve tester lambs (average weight 17.5 ± 3.48 kg) were divided into four groups of different levels of dry leafy matter (60, 75, 90, or 105 g/kg body weight). In addition to these, 33 regulator lambs were used as needed to adjust the leaf offerings of pasture. The animals were divided and kept in 12 paddocks, each with a tester lamb. The DMI was estimated using chromic oxide as an external marker. In vitro digestibility and degradation kinetics and ruminal, blood, and urinary parameters were measured in the forage sampled by the hand plucking method. The protodioscin concentration in forage was determined by high-performance liquid chromatography. The DMI increased linearly as a result of the supply of leaves. However, the protodioscin content and its consumption showed a quadratic behavior. There was no effect of leaf supply on in vitro digestibility, in vitro degradation kinetics of forage, and on ruminal, blood, and urinary parameters of lambs. However, a negative correlation was observed between the DMI and the concentration of protodioscin at the highest level of leaf supply. This is due to the fact that in the most intense grazing, there is a stimulus for greater regrowth; therefore, there was an increase in the concentration of protodioscin in forages in older forages. Protodioscin poisoning was confirmed by urinary and blood parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marlova Cristina Mioto da Costa
- Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul, Av. Senador Filinto Muller, 2443, Vila Ipiranga, 79070-900, Cidade Universitária, Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil
| | - Luís Carlos Vinhas Ítavo
- Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul, Av. Senador Filinto Muller, 2443, Vila Ipiranga, 79070-900, Cidade Universitária, Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil.
| | - Camila Celeste Brandão Ferreira Ítavo
- Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul, Av. Senador Filinto Muller, 2443, Vila Ipiranga, 79070-900, Cidade Universitária, Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil
| | - Alexandre Menezes Dias
- Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul, Av. Senador Filinto Muller, 2443, Vila Ipiranga, 79070-900, Cidade Universitária, Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil
| | - Gelson Dos Santos Difante
- Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul, Av. Senador Filinto Muller, 2443, Vila Ipiranga, 79070-900, Cidade Universitária, Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil
| | - Rafael Henrique de Tonissi Buschinelli de Goes
- Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias, Universidade Federal da Grande Dourados, Rod. Dourados - Itahum, Km 12 - Caixa Postal 364, 79804-970, Cidade Universitária, Dourados, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil
| | - Eduardo de Souza Leal
- Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul, Av. Senador Filinto Muller, 2443, Vila Ipiranga, 79070-900, Cidade Universitária, Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil
| | - Lucimara Modesto Nonato
- Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul, Av. Senador Filinto Muller, 2443, Vila Ipiranga, 79070-900, Cidade Universitária, Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil
| | - Noemila Débora Kozerski
- Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul, Av. Senador Filinto Muller, 2443, Vila Ipiranga, 79070-900, Cidade Universitária, Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil
| | - Gabriella Jorgetti de Moraes
- Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul, Av. Senador Filinto Muller, 2443, Vila Ipiranga, 79070-900, Cidade Universitária, Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil
| | - Marcus Vinicius Garcia Niwa
- Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul, Av. Senador Filinto Muller, 2443, Vila Ipiranga, 79070-900, Cidade Universitária, Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil
| | - Antonio Leandro Chaves Gurgel
- Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul, Av. Senador Filinto Muller, 2443, Vila Ipiranga, 79070-900, Cidade Universitária, Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil
| | - Thais Fernanda Farias de Souza Arco
- Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul, Av. Senador Filinto Muller, 2443, Vila Ipiranga, 79070-900, Cidade Universitária, Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil
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Scheidegger L, Niassy S, Midega C, Chiriboga X, Delabays N, Lefort F, Zürcher R, Hailu G, Khan Z, Subramanian S. The role of Desmodium intortum, Brachiaria sp. and Phaseolus vulgaris in the management of fall armyworm Spodoptera frugiperda (J. E. Smith) in maize cropping systems in Africa. Pest Manag Sci 2021; 77:2350-2357. [PMID: 33421266 PMCID: PMC8048848 DOI: 10.1002/ps.6261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2020] [Revised: 12/13/2020] [Accepted: 01/09/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The fall armyworm (FAW), Spodoptera frugiperda (J.E. Smith) is a serious pest of maize. Farming systems such as push-pull or maize-legume intercropping have been reported to reduce FAW infestations significantly. However, the exact mechanisms involved in FAW management have not been practically elucidated. We therefore assessed larval host preference, feeding and survival rate when exposed to four host plants commonly used in push-pull and legume intercropping. We also compared adult moths' oviposition preference between maize and other grasses used as trap crops in push-pull. RESULTS The larval orientation and settlement study showed that maize was the most preferred host plant followed by bean, desmodium and Brachiaria brizantha cv Mulato II. The larval arrest and dispersal experiment showed that mean number of larvae was significantly higher on maize than on Desmodium or B. brizantha cv Mulato II. However, no significant differences were found between maize and bean after 24 h. Maize was the most consumed plant, followed by bean, desmodium and finally brachiaria. The mean percentage of survival to the pupation stage was significantly higher on maize. The study on FAW oviposition preference showed no significant differences in egg deposited between maize and other grasses. However, B. brizantha cv Xaraes, which received more eggs than maize, could be a promising alternative to B. brizantha cv Mulato II for the control of FAW. CONCLUSION The study provides a better understanding of the mechanisms involved in the control of fall armyworm under the push-pull and maize legume intercropping. © 2021 The Authors. Pest Management Science published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laetitia Scheidegger
- Haute école du paysage, d'ingénierie et d'architecture de GenèveGenevaSwitzerland
| | - Saliou Niassy
- International Centre of Insect Physiology and EcologyNairobiKenya
| | - Charles Midega
- International Centre of Insect Physiology and EcologyNairobiKenya
| | - Xavier Chiriboga
- International Centre of Insect Physiology and EcologyNairobiKenya
| | - Nicolas Delabays
- Haute école du paysage, d'ingénierie et d'architecture de GenèveGenevaSwitzerland
| | - François Lefort
- Haute école du paysage, d'ingénierie et d'architecture de GenèveGenevaSwitzerland
| | - Roger Zürcher
- Haute école du paysage, d'ingénierie et d'architecture de GenèveGenevaSwitzerland
| | - Girma Hailu
- International Centre of Insect Physiology and EcologyNairobiKenya
| | - Zeyaur Khan
- International Centre of Insect Physiology and EcologyNairobiKenya
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Ullah S, Mahmood S, Ali R, Khan MR, Akhtar K, Depar N. Comparing chromium phyto-assessment in Brachiaria mutica and Leptochloa fusca growing on chromium polluted soil. Chemosphere 2021; 269:128728. [PMID: 33143883 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.128728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2020] [Revised: 09/30/2020] [Accepted: 10/21/2020] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Industrial discharge of chromium (Cr) into environment puts serious threat on living beings due to its potent toxicity. Phytostabilization, a type of in-situ phytoremediation is aimed to immobilize and stabilize the toxic elements in soil using root system of metal resistant potential plants. To evaluate the phytostabilization potential of two grass species Brachiaria mutica and Leptochloa fusca, a pot study was conducted using soil spiked with different concentrations of Cr (control, 25, 50 and 100 mg kg-1). Three plants were sown in each pot with three replications and arranged following completely randomized design. After three months of growth, the plants were harvested and above and below ground plant's parts were analyzed for various growth and physiological parameters. Data revealed that plant biomass, chlorophylls and carotenoids reduced substantially with increasing Cr concentration. Antioxidant enzymatic activity increased significantly in L. fusca as compared to B. mutica with increasing Cr levels (up to 50 mg kg-1), then reduced at maximum Cr level (100 mg kg-1) in both grasses. Leptochloa fusca performed better with maximum root Cr accumulation 93.7 μg plant-1, shoot Cr accumulation 24.7 μg plant-1, root bioconcentration factor (BCF) 2.0, shoot BCF 0.08, shoot TF 0.06 and MTI 87%. While B. mutica showed maximum root Cr accumulation 18.4 μg plant-1, shoot Cr accumulation 7.6 μg plant-1, shoot BCF 0.03, root BCF 1.28, shoot TF 0.04, and MTI 56%. These results showed that L. fusca possessed good potential with better Cr bioaccumulation, MTI, BCF and antioxidant activities compared to B. mutica. Hence L. fusca can be used as good phytostabilizing agent for the soils contaminated with lower to moderate levels of Cr.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sana Ullah
- Soil and Environmental Sciences Division, Nuclear Institute of Agriculture (NIA), Tandojam, Pakistan; Soil and Environmental Sciences Division, Nuclear Institute for Agriculture and Biology (NIAB), Faisalabad, Pakistan.
| | - Sajid Mahmood
- Soil and Environmental Sciences Division, Nuclear Institute for Agriculture and Biology (NIAB), Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Rehmat Ali
- Soil and Environmental Sciences Division, Nuclear Institute for Agriculture and Biology (NIAB), Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Rizwan Khan
- Soil and Environmental Sciences Division, Nuclear Institute for Agriculture and Biology (NIAB), Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Kalsoom Akhtar
- National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering (NIBGE), Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Nizamuddin Depar
- Soil and Environmental Sciences Division, Nuclear Institute of Agriculture (NIA), Tandojam, Pakistan
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da Silva Roberto FF, dos Santos Difante G, Giotto Zaros L, da Silva Souza J, Chaves Gurgel AL, Costa PR, Rocha de Medeiros H, da Silva CG, de Almeida Borges F, Ribeiro NL. The effect of Brachiaria brizantha cultivars on host-parasite-environment interactions in sheep naturally infected with gastrointestinal nematodes. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0238228. [PMID: 32857800 PMCID: PMC7454937 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0238228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2020] [Accepted: 08/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective was to evaluate the effect of different cultivars of Brachiaria brizantha on the dynamics and concentration of the larval stages of gastrointestinal nematodes in the soil and forage strata, as well as their effects on the performance of naturally infected lambs. Overall, 48 90-day-old lambs with an initial weight of 19.04 ± 0.96 kg were observed. Moreover, a randomised block factorial design with four cultivars of Brachiaria brizantha (Marandu, Xaraés, Piatã and Paiaguás grasses) under intermittent stocking (with a pre-grazing canopy height of 40 cm and post-grazing canopy height of 20 cm) for two grazing cycles was used. The following variables were analysed: faecal egg counting, faecal culture, mean corpuscular volume, FAMACHA© score, weight and body condition score, the recovery of larvae from pasture and soil samples, nutritional value and the production and structural components of forage. Lambs grazing Marandu grass demonstrated the highest level of nematode infection (P < 0.05). However, the nutritional value did not differ between cultivars. Marandu grass had the highest pasture density (P < 0.05), while Paiaguás grass had the highest percentage of dead material (P < 0.05). The various genera of gastrointestinal nematodes found in the faecal cultures, regardless of the cultivars, include Haemonchus (92.01%), Trichostrongylus (4.55%), Strongyloides (3.06%) and Oesophagostomum (0.37%). Lambs grazing Xaraés grass had the lowest body weight (P < 0.05). Furthermore, larvae concentrations were highest in Marandu and Paiaguás pastures; infective Haemonchus and Trichostrongylus larvae were recovered from pasture and soil samples. The different cultivars of Brachiaria brizantha produce diverse and relevant microclimatic conditions to contaminate soil, pastures and animals. Animal performance was not compromised despite the Marandu and Paiaguás cultivars having the highest levels of contamination and infection. Based on parasitological aspects, the Brachiaria brizantha cultivars Xaraés and Piatã are recommended for grass-based sheep production systems over the other cultivars since they contribute to the reduction of larval contamination and infection.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Gelson dos Santos Difante
- Department of Animal Science, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil
| | - Lilian Giotto Zaros
- Department of Animal Science, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil
| | - Joelma da Silva Souza
- Department of Animal Science, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | | | - Pablo Ramon Costa
- Department of Animal Science, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil
| | - Henrique Rocha de Medeiros
- Department of Animal Science, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil
| | - Carlikelly Gleicy da Silva
- Department of Animal Science, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil
| | - Fernando de Almeida Borges
- Department of Animal Science, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil
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Rabêlo FHS, Borgo L, Merloti LF, Pylro VS, Navarrete AA, Mano RH, Thijs S, Vangronsveld J, Alleoni LRF. Effects of winter and summer conditions on Cd fractionation and bioavailability, bacterial communities and Cd phytoextraction potential of Brachiaria decumbens and Panicum maximum grown in a tropical soil. Sci Total Environ 2020; 728:138885. [PMID: 32361355 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.138885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2020] [Revised: 04/18/2020] [Accepted: 04/20/2020] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
The interactions between soil properties, microorganisms, plant species and climate affect cadmium (Cd) availability in tropical soils. In this study, we investigated the effects of simulated summer and winter conditions on Cd fractionation and bacterial communities in Oxisols and on growth of two high biomass production-grasses (Brachiaria decumbens and Panicum maximum) that were evaluated for their Cd phytoextraction potential. We also assessed how these interactions could influence the availability of Cd and its possible phytoextraction by these grasses. The Cd fraction bound to carbonates was higher in the winter conditions, while Cd bound to Fe- and Mn oxides was higher in the summer conditions, which resulted in a higher Cd availability in winter compared to summer conditions. B. decumbens and P. maximum took up more Cd when grown in the winter conditions, but their biomasses were not affected by the higher Cd uptake. The occurrence and relative abundance of bacterial taxa in the bare soil differed from the soils cultivated with grasses, where the Gammaproteobacteria predominated. However, no positive correlations were observed between the rhizosphere bacterial community in the cultivated soils and Cd availability, irrespective of the season conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Flávio Henrique Silveira Rabêlo
- University of São Paulo (USP), Luiz de Queiroz College of Agriculture (ESALQ), Piracicaba, Brazil; Hasselt University, Centre for Environmental Sciences, Diepenbeek, Belgium.
| | - Lucélia Borgo
- University of São Paulo (USP), Luiz de Queiroz College of Agriculture (ESALQ), Piracicaba, Brazil; Hasselt University, Centre for Environmental Sciences, Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Luis Fernando Merloti
- University of São Paulo (USP), Luiz de Queiroz College of Agriculture (ESALQ), Piracicaba, Brazil
| | | | | | - Rodrigo Hideki Mano
- University of São Paulo (USP), Luiz de Queiroz College of Agriculture (ESALQ), Piracicaba, Brazil
| | - Sofie Thijs
- Hasselt University, Centre for Environmental Sciences, Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Jaco Vangronsveld
- Hasselt University, Centre for Environmental Sciences, Diepenbeek, Belgium; Maria Curie-Skłodowska University, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, Lublin, Poland
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Diamantino GML, Pierezan F, Ferreira MIC, Rocha WSD, Veiga VMO, Martins CE, Veiga MO, Soto-Blanco B. Photosensitization by Brachiaria ruziziensis in a sheep herd. Toxicon 2020; 185:1-4. [PMID: 32598988 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2020.06.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Revised: 06/18/2020] [Accepted: 06/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Some species of the genus Brachiaria are cultivated worldwide in tropical and subtropical climate regions as the main feed for ruminants. Several studies report photosensitization by Brachiaria decumbens, Brachiaria brizantha, and Brachiaria humidicola, but the poisoning by Brachiaria ruziziensis have been reported only twice. Cutaneous and hepatic lesions may be caused by the steroidal saponins present in the leaves or by the mycotoxin sporidesmin produced by the saprophyte fungus Pithomyces chartarum. The present report describes the clinical and pathological changes observed in an outbreak of hepatogenic photosensitization in sheep kept in B. ruziziensis pastures. In addition, the present study will provide a better understanding of the etiology of this photosensitization through the evaluation of the saponin protodioscin and the spore count of P. chartarum. Santa Inês and Lacaune mixed-breed sheep showed signs of photosensitization after feeding B. ruziziensis. Clinical signs included jaundice, apathy, dehydration, and photosensitization characterized by facial edema and cutaneous scars, especially in the ears. Pathological examination of the liver revealed diffuse infiltrates of foamy cells, rare multinucleated cells, and mild enlargement of hepatocytes (megalocytosis). The skin showed acute epidermal and dermal necrosis with occlusive thrombi. B. ruziziensis showed low levels of protodioscin (0.020 ± 0.024% in mature leaves and 0.065 ± 0.084% in sprouts) but high P. chartarum spore counts (mean of 479,844 ± 443,951 spores/g plant). Thus, sheep grazing B. ruziziensis pastures must be closely monitored because of the risk of photosensitization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriella M L Diamantino
- Departamento de Clínica e Cirurgia Veterinárias, Escola de Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Avenida Antônio Carlos 6627, Belo Horizonte, MG, 30123-970, Brazil
| | - Felipe Pierezan
- Departamento de Clínica e Cirurgia Veterinárias, Escola de Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Avenida Antônio Carlos 6627, Belo Horizonte, MG, 30123-970, Brazil
| | - Maria Izabel C Ferreira
- Embrapa Caprinos e Ovinos, Núcleo Regional Sudeste, Rodovia MG 133, Km 42, Zona Rural, Coronel Pacheco, MG, 36155-000, Brazil
| | - Wadson Sebastião D Rocha
- Embrapa Gado de Leite, Av. Eugênio do Nascimento, 610 - Dom Bosco, Juiz de Fora, MG, 36038-330, Brazil
| | - Vânia Maria O Veiga
- Embrapa Gado de Leite, Av. Eugênio do Nascimento, 610 - Dom Bosco, Juiz de Fora, MG, 36038-330, Brazil
| | - Carlos Eugênio Martins
- Embrapa Gado de Leite, Av. Eugênio do Nascimento, 610 - Dom Bosco, Juiz de Fora, MG, 36038-330, Brazil
| | - Maíra O Veiga
- Veterinary Graduate Degree Program, Universidade Federal de Lavras (UFLA), Câmpus Universitário, Aquenta Sol, Lavras, MG, 37200-000, Brazil
| | - Benito Soto-Blanco
- Departamento de Clínica e Cirurgia Veterinárias, Escola de Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Avenida Antônio Carlos 6627, Belo Horizonte, MG, 30123-970, Brazil.
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Simon PL, Dieckow J, Zanatta JA, Ramalho B, Ribeiro RH, van der Weerden T, de Klein CAM. Does Brachiaria humidicola and dicyandiamide reduce nitrous oxide and ammonia emissions from cattle urine patches in the subtropics? Sci Total Environ 2020; 720:137692. [PMID: 32325603 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.137692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2020] [Revised: 02/27/2020] [Accepted: 03/02/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions from pasture-based livestock systems represent 34% of Brazil's agricultural greenhouse gas emissions. The forage species Brachiaria humidicola is known for its biological nitrification inhibition (BNI) capacity and N2O emissions reduction ability from urine patches under tropical conditions. However, there is little information about the effect of BNI on N2O emission and ammonia (NH3) volatilisation in the subtropics. This study aimed to: (i) evaluate the potential of Brachiaria humidicola, compared with Panicum maximum (Jacq. cv. Áries; guinea grass), a broadly used grass (with no BNI capacity), to reduce N2O emissions under subtropical conditions; (ii) determine the efficacy of nitrification inhibitor dicyandiamide (DCD) to decrease N2O emissions; and (iii) determine the effect of brachiaria and DCD application on NH3 volatilisation. A field experiment was carried out using a Cambisol, where cattle urine ± DCD was applied to brachiaria and guinea grass. Over the 67-day measurement period, cumulative N2O emissions were 20% lower from urine patches in the brachiaria treatment (1138 mg N m-2, Emission factor = 1.06%) compared to guinea grass (1436 mg N m-2, Emission factor = 1.33%) (P < .10). A greenhouse experiment, using pots with the same treatments as in the field experiment, suggested that this could have been due to lower soil nitrate levels under brachiaria forage compared to guinea grass, indicating that BNI could be a possible mechanism for lower N2O emissions from brachiaria. The DCD application was effective in both forage species, decreasing N2O emissions by 40-50% (P < .10) compared with the urine only treatment. Approximately 25% of the urine applied N was lost via NH3 volatilisation, however the NH3 loss was not affected by forage species or DCD application (P > .10). Overall, the results demonstrated that brachiaria and DCD use are strategies that can reduce N2O emissions from urine patches.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jeferson Dieckow
- Universidade Federal do Paraná (UFPR), Departamento de Solos e Engenharia Agrícola, 80035-050 Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - Josileia A Zanatta
- Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária (EMBRAPA), Centro Nacional de Pesquisa em Floresta (Embrapa Florestas), 83411-000 Colombo, PR, Brazil
| | - Bruna Ramalho
- Universidade Federal do Paraná (UFPR), Departamento de Solos e Engenharia Agrícola, 80035-050 Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - Ricardo H Ribeiro
- Universidade Federal do Paraná (UFPR), Departamento de Solos e Engenharia Agrícola, 80035-050 Curitiba, PR, Brazil
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da Silva Souza J, do Santos Difante G, Neto JVE, Lana ÂMQ, da Silva Roberto FF, Ribeiro PHC. Biometric measurements of Santa Inês meat sheep reared on Brachiaria brizantha pastures in Northeast Brazil. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0219343. [PMID: 31361775 PMCID: PMC6667202 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0219343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2019] [Accepted: 06/23/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
This study was undertaken to examine biometric measurements during the growth phase of male and female Santa Inês sheep reared in Brachiaria brizantha pastures in northeastern Brazil. The experiment involved 24 castrated males and 24 females at an initial age of 90 days, with an average body weight of 19.04 ± 0.96 kg. Treatments consisted of the effect of four cultivars (Marandu, Xaraés, Piatã and Paiaguás) and two sexes. Six animals were used per treatment, in a randomized-block experimental design. The following characteristics were evaluated: abdominal circumference (AC), body condition score (BCS), body length (BL), body weight (BW), body capacity 1 (BC1), body capacity 2 (BC2), chest width (CW), heart girth (HG), leg circumference (LC), leg length (LL), rump height (RH), rump width (RW) and withers height (WH). Data were subjected to descriptive analysis, Pearson's correlation, ANOVA and Tukey's, Kruskal Wallis and Mann-Whitney tests. Univariate and multiple regressions were applied to estimate BW with a maximum error level of 5%. Significant differences were observed for the biometric measurements between sexes and cultivars (p<0.05). Body weight was highly correlated (>70%) with AC, WH, CG, RW, BC1 and BC2. The male sheep grazed on cultivars Piatã showed the best values for BW (40.43 kg), HG, RW, WH, LL, LC (102.46; 20.8; 65.23; 60.44; 42.54 cm respectively) and BC1 (4.25 kg/cm). Females grazed on cultivar Marandu had higher values for RW, CW, LL (17.26; 20.1; 75.98 cm respectively), BC1 (6.03 kg/cm) and BC2 (0.422 kg/cm). The equations that best estimated live weight were BC1 and HG. In male and female Santa Inês sheep, biometric parameters grow differently depending on the cultivar where they are grazed during the growth phase. Cultivars Marandu and Piatã are the most recommended for sheep production, as they provided the best performance and body development in those animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joelma da Silva Souza
- Department of Animal Science, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
- * E-mail:
| | - Gelson do Santos Difante
- Department of Animal Science, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil
| | | | - Ângela Maria Quintão Lana
- Department of Animal Science, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
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Passos ABRJ, Souza MF, Silva DV, Saraiva DT, da Silva AA, Zanuncio JC, Gonçalves BFS. Persistence of picloram in soil with different vegetation managements. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2018; 25:23986-23991. [PMID: 29948674 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-018-2443-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2017] [Accepted: 05/29/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Herbicides with long residual period may increase the risk of environmental contamination. Adequate management of forage can reduce the half-life of the picloram, one of the most herbicides used in weed control. This study aims to determine the half-life of picloram, using high-performance liquid chromatography in a cultivated soil with Brachiaria brizantha trimmed or not. Brachiaria brizantha was cultivated in 60 pots filled with samples of oxisol, and 30 others were kept uncultivated with this forage. This plant was cut off close to the ground, after 60 days of emergency on 30 vessels. Picloram was applied in all of the plots. Soil samples were collected at 2, 16, 30, 44, 58, 72, 86, 120, 150, and 180 days after the application of this herbicide. These samples were air-dried and stored at - 20 °C. Picloram was extracted by HPLC/UV-Vis detector. Half-life of this herbicide was calculated using kinetics models. The mere presence of roots in treatment with signalgrass cutoff did not reduce the concentrations of this herbicide, except when the emergence of new leaves occurred. The absence of B. brizantha cultivation in areas with application of picloram increases the risk of environmental contamination and successive crops due to the half-life of this herbicide. Brachiaria brizantha reduced half-life picloram and environmental risk in pastures. The validation method is suitable for determining picloram in low concentrations in soil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Beatriz R J Passos
- Department of Crop Production, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Alegre, ES, Brazil
| | - Matheus F Souza
- Department of Crop Production, Universidade Federal Rural do Semi-Árido, Mossoró, RN, Brazil.
| | - Daniel Valadão Silva
- Department of Crop Production, Universidade Federal Rural do Semi-Árido, Mossoró, RN, Brazil
| | - Douglas T Saraiva
- Department of Crop Production, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, MG, Brazil
| | | | - José C Zanuncio
- Department of Pest Science, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, MG, Brazil
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Sahoo D, Ummalyma SB, Okram AK, Sukumaran RK, George E, Pandey A. Potential of Brachiaria mutica (Para grass) for bioethanol production from Loktak Lake. Bioresour Technol 2017; 242:133-138. [PMID: 28341381 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2017.03.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2017] [Revised: 03/03/2017] [Accepted: 03/07/2017] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
The aim of present study was to evaluate feasibility of using the Para grass as feedstock for production of bioethanol. Process involved the pretreatment with dilute acid or alkali and followed by enzymatic saccharification with commercial cellulase. Maximum sugar release of 696mg/g was obtained from 10% biomass loading and 0.5% w/v of alkali whereas in the case of acid pretreatment maximum sugar of 660mg/g was obtained from 20% biomass loading and 2% w/v acid loading. Results showed that Para grass utilization as a biorefinery feedstock can be a potential strategy to address the sustainable utilization of this invasive grass thereby keeping its population in check in the Loktak Lake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dinabandhu Sahoo
- Institute of Bioresources and Sustainable Development (IBSD), National Institute Under Department of Biotechnology Govt. of India, Takyelpat, Imphal 795001, Manipur, India.
| | - Sabeela Beevi Ummalyma
- Institute of Bioresources and Sustainable Development (IBSD), National Institute Under Department of Biotechnology Govt. of India, Takyelpat, Imphal 795001, Manipur, India
| | - Aswini Kumar Okram
- Institute of Bioresources and Sustainable Development (IBSD), National Institute Under Department of Biotechnology Govt. of India, Takyelpat, Imphal 795001, Manipur, India
| | - Rajeev K Sukumaran
- Centre for Biofuels, Microbial Processes and Technology Division, CSIR-National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology, Industrial Estate PO, Trivandrum 19, India
| | - Emrin George
- Centre for Biofuels, Microbial Processes and Technology Division, CSIR-National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology, Industrial Estate PO, Trivandrum 19, India
| | - Ashok Pandey
- Center of Innovative and Applied Bioprocessing (CIAB), Mohali 160 071, India
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de Oliveira AA, Tilemahos Zervoudakis J, Hatamoto-Zervoudakis LK, da Silva Cabral L, da Silva-Marques RP, Koscheck JFW, Guedes de Carvalho DM, Benatti JMB, Alonso MK. Roasted soybean supplements for finishing beef cattle on Brachiaria brizantha pasture. Trop Anim Health Prod 2015; 47:1233-9. [PMID: 26077114 DOI: 10.1007/s11250-015-0851-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2014] [Accepted: 05/14/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Two experiments were conducted to evaluate the inclusion of 0, 14, 27.5 and 41 g/kg roasted soybean (RSB) in protein-energy supplements for the finishing of beef cattle on pastures of Brachiaria brizantha cv. Marandu in the rainy period. In experiment 1, for the evaluation of the nutritional parameters, five rumen-cannulated steers with an initial average body weight of 474.5 kg were utilised. In experiment 2, for the evaluation of performance, 25 intact male zebu cattle with an initial average body weight of 418 kg were utilised. Supply of RSB led to an increase in the intake of crude protein and non-fibre carbohydrates (P < 0.05). The concentrations of rumen ammonia nitrogen increased significantly (P < 0.05) 4 h after supplementation. The animals that received protein-energy supplements had superior (52 %) average daily gain in relation to those receiving mineral mixture. The supply of protein-energy supplements formulated with roasted soybean provided an increase in average daily weight gain and an improvement in the nutritional parameters of finishing beef cattle on pasture in the rainy period.
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Affiliation(s)
- André Alves de Oliveira
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Zootecnia, Universidade Estadual de São Paulo, Jaboticabal, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Joanis Tilemahos Zervoudakis
- Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, Agronomia e Zootecnia, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso, Cuiabá, Mato Grosso, Brazil
| | | | - Luciano da Silva Cabral
- Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, Agronomia e Zootecnia, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso, Cuiabá, Mato Grosso, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | - Marcella Katherine Alonso
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Zootecnia, Universidade Estadual de São Paulo, Jaboticabal, São Paulo, Brazil
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dos Santos CN, de Souza LS, Quinelato SB, do Couto MCM, Pinheiro J, Rodrigues MLDA. Seasonal dynamics of cyathostomin (Nematoda - Cyathostominae) infective larvae in Brachiaria humidicola grass in tropical southeast Brazil. Vet Parasitol 2011; 180:274-8. [PMID: 21489693 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2011.03.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2010] [Revised: 02/18/2011] [Accepted: 03/17/2011] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The ecology of cyathostomin larvae was evaluated in different seasons, from July 2007 to June 2008, in the municipality of Seropédica, Rio de Janeiro state, southeastern Brazil. Samples of feces and grass were collected every 15 days at 8 AM and 5 PM and the infective larvae were recovered by the Baermann technique. Leaves of the grass Brachiaria humidicola were cut to 20 cm, which is the length containing most of the larvae. The highest number of larvae was recorded at 8 AM the winter (8300 L(3)kg(-1)dm) and spring (5300 L(3)kg(-1)dm). These results demonstrate that climate conditions can affect the recovery of larvae and that rain and temperature contributed to the migration and survival of the larvae, which were available throughout the year in the study area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia N dos Santos
- UFRRJ, Postgraduate Program in Veterinary Sciences, Animal Parasitology Department, Seropédica, RJ, Brazil. claudianavarro
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Sampaio CB, Detmann E, Paulino MF, Valadares Filho SC, de Souza MA, Lazzarini I, Paulino PVR, de Queiroz AC. Intake and digestibility in cattle fed low-quality tropical forage and supplemented with nitrogenous compounds. Trop Anim Health Prod 2010; 42:1471-9. [PMID: 20414721 DOI: 10.1007/s11250-010-9581-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/08/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
The effects of supplementation with nitrogenous compounds on intake, digestibility, and microbial protein synthesis in cattle fed low-quality tropical forage were assessed. Five rumen fistulated crossbred Holstein x Gir heifers were used, with initial average live weight of 180 +/- 21 kg. Signal grass (Brachiaria decumbens) hay (48.6 g kg(-1) of crude protein (CP), on a dry matter (DM) basis) was used as roughage. Five treatments were defined according to nitrogen supplementation level (0, 20, 40, 60, and 80 g of CP kg(-1) above the CP level of the hay). A mixture of urea, ammonium sulfate, and albumin at the ratios of 4.5:0.5:1.0, respectively, was used as nitrogen source. The experiment consisted of five experimental periods, according to a 5 x 5 Latin square design. The average CP contents in the diets were 51.9, 71.1, 86.0, 116.7, and 130.2 g kg(-1), on a DM basis. A quadratic effect was detected (P < 0.10) of the CP levels in the diets on DM and neutral detergent fiber intake (kg/day), with maximum response at the levels of 102.4 and 100.5 g CP kg(-1) DM, respectively. The average daily concentration of rumen ammonia nitrogen showed increasing linear pattern (P < 0.01) as function of CP levels in the diet, with estimated value of 9.64 mg dL(-1) equivalent to the maximum DM intake. Microbial nitrogen flow in the intestine was linearly and positively related (P < 0.01) with the CP levels in the diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia B Sampaio
- Departamento de Zootecnia, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil
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Torres-Estrada JL, Meza-Alvarez RA, Cibrián-Tovar J, Rodríguez-López MH, Arredondo-Jiménez JI, Cruz-López L, Rojas-Leon JC. Vegetation-derived cues for the selection of oviposition substrates by Anopheles albimanus under laboratory conditions. J Am Mosq Control Assoc 2005; 21:344-9. [PMID: 16506557 DOI: 10.2987/8756-971x(2006)21[344:vcftso]2.0.co;2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Oviposition response of gravid Anopheles albimanus Wiedemman (Diptera: Culicidae) females to water containing Brachiaria mutica, Cynodon dactylon, Jouvea straminea, Fimbristylis spadicea, and Ceratophyllum demersum was investigated. Gravid An. albimanus females deposited similar egg numbers in cups containing natural plants in water from natural breeding sites and in cups containing natural plants in distilled water. Gravid mosquitoes deposited significantly more eggs in cups containing natural plants in water from natural breeding sites than in cups containing artificial plants in water from the corresponding natural breeding sites. These results were confirmed in experiments conducted in a wind tunnel, indicating that female response is mediated by chemical cues from plants. Bioassays with organic extracts of all 5 plant species indicated that these extracts at 100%, 10%, and 1% concentrations had an oviposition repellent effect, while attractiveness was observed at 0.1%, 0.01%, and 0.001%. Gas chromatography and mass spectrometry analysis of the organic extracts found in all 5 plants showed a mixture of terpenoid and alcohol compounds, among them: guaiacol, phenol, isoeugenol, longifolene, caryophyllene, phenyl ethyl alcohol, and p-cresol. These results suggest that middle-range volatiles from plants may function as chemical cues for the female's oviposition response in this mosquito species.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Luis Torres-Estrada
- Centro de Investigación de Paludismo, Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública, Tapachula, Chiapas, México
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Chien SH, Carmona G, Prochnow LI, Austin ER. Cadmium availability from granulated and bulk-blended phosphate-potassium fertilizers. J Environ Qual 2003; 32:1911-4. [PMID: 14535337 DOI: 10.2134/jeq2003.1911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2002] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Recent field experiments have shown that high chloride (Cl) in irrigation waters can increase soil cadmium (Cd) uptake by crops because of the formation of soluble ion-pair complexes of Cd with Cl in soil solution. The present study was aimed at testing a hypothesis that KCl in granulated PK fertilizers may enhance Cd uptake by crops from Cd-containing P fertilizers because of close contact between Cd and Cl in the same granules. Less effect would be expected if the same granular PK fertilizers were bulk-blended because of separation of Cd and Cl in different granules. A single superphosphate (SSP) containing 32 mg Cd kg(-1) was granulated by the compaction process with KCl at a P to K ratio = 1:1. Granular KCl was also bulk-blended with granular SSP or Cd-free monocalcium phosphate (MCP) at the same P to K ratio. An acid Ultisol (pH 5.2) was treated with PK fertilizers at 400 mg kg(-1) each for P and K. Upland rice (Oryza sativa L.) and soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] were grown to maturity, and signalgrass (Brachiaria decumbens Stapf.) was cut four times during the study. The results showed that the agronomic effectiveness in increasing crop yield was the same with SSP and MCP whether granulated or bulk-blended with KCl. Concentrations of Cd in plant tissue samples of all crops were much lower for MCP than for SSP. In all the plant tissue samples, except grain samples of upland rice, Cd concentrations obtained with granulated (SSP + KCl) were significantly higher than that with bulk-blended (SSP) + (KCl).
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Affiliation(s)
- S H Chien
- Resource Development Division, IFDC, P.O. Box 2040, Muscle Shoals, AL 35662, USA.
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Abstract
Fecal masses recently excreted and/or almost dry were collected weekly in a pasture of Brachiaria decumbens Stapf, from May 1990 to April 1992. The feces were conditioned in 15-liter opaque plastic buckets, containing lateral and top openings, where flasks were fastened for capturing Histeridae beetles present in these masses. Three thousand two hundred ninety-nine specimens were collected belonging to 11 species in the Genus: Phelister, Hister, Euspilotus, Acritus, and Xerosaprinus. The most frequent, constant, and abundant species were Phelister sp. nr. carinifrons and P. haemorrhous.
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Affiliation(s)
- W W Koller
- Universidade Estadual de Mato Grosso do Sul, Rodovia Aquidauana-Cera, km 12, CEP 79200-000, Aquidauana, MS, Brazil.
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