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Pozo-Leyva D, Casanova-Lugo F, López-González F, Celis-Álvarez MD, Cruz-Tamayo AA, Canúl-Solís JR, Chay-Canúl AJ. Impact of diversified grazing systems on milk production, nutrient use and enteric methane emissions in dual-purpose cows. Trop Anim Health Prod 2024; 56:140. [PMID: 38656670 DOI: 10.1007/s11250-024-03989-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2023] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
This study evaluated three continuous grazing systems: Brachiaria Brizantha, Clitoria ternatea and naturalized pastures, complemented with commercial concentrate and C. ternatea silage on milk yield, nutrient use and enteric methane (CH4) emissions. Nine multiparous cows of local Zebu breeds, with an average weight of 448 ± 87 kg, were used. The chemical composition of the food was determined. Live weight, milk production, and quality were assessed. Furthermore, serum urea, urea nitrogen, creatinine and glucose in blood were monitored, and nitrogen use efficiency were calculated. Enteric methane (CH4) emissions were estimated using Tier-2 methodology. A 3 × 3 latin square experimental design was applied. The grazing systems of B. brizantha and C. ternatea had the greater live weights of 465.8 and 453.3 kg/cow, although the latter is similar to naturalized pasture. Milk production and quality were not affected by grazing system, with the exception of the non-fat solids, where the C. ternatea system was lower (102.2 g/kg) than the other grazing systems. The crude protein and N intake, and N excretion in feces and urine were lower in naturalized pasture systems (1139.0 g/day). N outputs in milk was high in the C. ternatea system (56.3 g/cow/day). The naturalized pastures systems showed the better feed use efficiency (25.7%) compared to others. Serum urea and blood urea nitrogen were greater in B. brizantha followed by C. ternatea. Enteric CH4 emissions were indifferent among grazing systems when expressed as a percentage of greenhouse gases (7.1%). In conclusion, the grazing C. ternatea supplemented with commercial concentrate and C. ternatea silage maintains milk production and quality, reduced cow/day emissions (by 2.5%) and lowered energy losses as methane.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dixan Pozo-Leyva
- Tecnológico Nacional de México Campus I. T. de la Zona Maya, Carretera Chetumal-Escárcega km 21.5, Ejido Juan Sarabia, C.P. 77960. Othón P. Blanco, Quintana Roo, México
| | - Fernando Casanova-Lugo
- Tecnológico Nacional de México Campus I. T. de la Zona Maya, Carretera Chetumal-Escárcega km 21.5, Ejido Juan Sarabia, C.P. 77960. Othón P. Blanco, Quintana Roo, México.
| | - Felipe López-González
- Instituto de Ciencias Agropecuarias y Rurales (ICAR), Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, Campus UAEM El Cerrillo, El Cerrillo Piedras Blancas, Toluca, Estado de México, C.P. 50090, México
| | - María D Celis-Álvarez
- Instituto de Ciencias Agropecuarias y Rurales (ICAR), Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, Campus UAEM El Cerrillo, El Cerrillo Piedras Blancas, Toluca, Estado de México, C.P. 50090, México
| | - Alvar A Cruz-Tamayo
- Escuela Superior de Ciencias Agropecuarias, Universidad Autónoma de Campeche, C. 53 s/n, Unidad Esfuerzo y Trabajo I, Escárcega, Campeche, C.P. 24350, México
| | - Jorge R Canúl-Solís
- Tecnologico Nacional de México Campus I. T. de Tizimín, Avenida Cupules km 2.5, Tizimín Yucatán, CP. 97700, México
| | - Alfonso J Chay-Canúl
- División Académica de Ciencias Agropecuarias, Universidad Juárez Autónoma de Tabasco, México. Carretera Villahermosa-Teapa, km 25, R/a. La Huasteca 2ª. Sección, Villahermosa, Tabasco, C.P. 86280, México
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2
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Santana JCS, Difante GDS, Rodrigues JG, Pereira MDG, Fernandes HJ, Ítavo CCBF, Longhini VZ, Dias AM, Ítavo LCV. Mathematical models for predicting protodioscin in tropical forage grasses. Toxicon 2024; 240:107628. [PMID: 38278421 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2024.107628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2023] [Revised: 01/20/2024] [Accepted: 01/21/2024] [Indexed: 01/28/2024]
Abstract
Protodioscin is a saponin present in grasses that can lead to losses in animal production. Our hypothesis was that mathematical models can accurately and precisely predict the protodioscin concentration in tropical grasses. We evaluated the ability of four mathematical models to describe the protodioscin concentration in Brachiaria and Panicum cultivars with different regrowth periods. Six cultivars of Panicum: Aruana, Massai, Mombaça, Tanzânia, Tamani, and Zuri; and five of Brachiaria-grass: Marandu, Paiaguás, Piatã, Xaraés and Basilisk. Protodioscin concentration evaluations were carried out at 51, 84, 110, and 111 days of age. Linear, Quadratic, Exponential, and Logarithmic models were evaluated, and the adequacy of the models was verified. The models were compared for accuracy and precision by pairwise mean squared error analysis and the delta Akaike information criterion. The models did not differ from each other in terms of accuracy and precision. The exponential model showed a high ability to explain the observed variability between protodioscin concentration and plant age for Brachiaria grasses. Panicum grasses have constant protodioscin concentration. Mathematical models are capable of predicting the protodioscin concentration in grasses of the genus Brachiaria based on plant age. We recommend Exponential model to predict the concentration of protodioscin in Brachiaria grasses.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Gelson Dos Santos Difante
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul - Campo Grande, Brazil
| | - Jéssica Gomes Rodrigues
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul - Campo Grande, Brazil
| | - Marislayne de Gusmão Pereira
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul - Campo Grande, Brazil
| | - Henrique Jorge Fernandes
- Unidade Universitaria de Aquidauana, State University of Mato Grosso do Sul - Aquidauana, Brazil
| | | | - Vanessa Zirondi Longhini
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul - Campo Grande, Brazil
| | - Alexandre Menezes Dias
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul - Campo Grande, Brazil
| | - Luís Carlos Vinhas Ítavo
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul - Campo Grande, Brazil
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3
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Geß A, Hazar Kalonya D. Sustainable Husbandry?-A Comparative LCA of Three Lamb Breeding Systems in Turkey. Circ Econ Sustain 2023; 3:1-23. [PMID: 36685986 PMCID: PMC9834030 DOI: 10.1007/s43615-023-00249-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2022] [Accepted: 12/31/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
The agricultural sector has historically been the forefront economic sector in Turkey and is crucial for the rural sustainability and the pastures that are critical for biodiversity. However, inadequate policies and factors such as climate change and malpractices result in brittle pastures, rural-urban migration, and a declining agricultural sector. Also, pastures have been left without function and appropriated to other land uses such as quarries, energy power plants, and mines. Although the husbandry sector produces significant greenhouse gas emissions, pastures have a significant capacity of CO2 sequestration. In this study, Life cycle assessment (LCA) is applied to quantify the advantages and disadvantages of the transition between extensive and intensive production. The methodology presents a holistic analysis of the several impact categories and amounts of relevant products, services, and resource emissions along their life cycles. In order to assess the environmental effects of the lamb meat production, three sheep breeding systems in Turkey are evaluated. The study aims to promote a sustainable use of natural resources/assets without compromising the quality, competitiveness, or animal welfare and obtain recommendations for the future husbandry systems and rural development in Turkey. As an overall result, it can be stated that the intensification of sheep farming can lead to a decrease of greenhouse gas emissions per kg of meat. However, extensive sheep farming shows less impacts on soil acidification or eutrophication and can even be beneficial for erosion resistance or biodiversity if properly managed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Geß
- Department of Life Cycle Assessment, IABP, University of Stuttgart, Wankelstrasse 5, 70563 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Dalya Hazar Kalonya
- Department of Urban and Regional Planning, Pamukkale University, Denizli, Turkey
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4
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da Silva HMS, Dubeux Júnior JCB, Silveira ML, Lira Junior MA, Cardoso AS, Vendramini JMB. Greenhouse gas mitigation and carbon sequestration potential in humid grassland ecosystems in Brazil: A review. J Environ Manage 2022; 323:116269. [PMID: 36126601 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2022.116269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2022] [Revised: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 09/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Climate change is a major constraint on the sustainability of the humid tropics, maintaining ecosystem services, food production, and social functioning. Humid tropics play an essential role in C storage and greenhouse gas (GHG) emission reduction. Unfortunately, unplanned economic exploration, human occupation, and lack of knowledge of techniques to maintain ecosystem services negatively affect the humid tropics. In this study, we focused on the mechanisms of GHG emissions, C storage, and their mitigation strategies. This review indicated technologies that can be adopted by farmers in humid tropics to maintain or increase their capacity to store C stocks and reduce GHG emissions. The adoption of climate-smart agriculture technologies and the regulation of ecosystem services markets will accelerate the progress of preserving the humid tropics. Improved management practices, such as proper N fertilizer management and the introduction of N2-fixing legumes, can increase soil C sequestration, providing economic and environmental trade-offs associated with these management strategies. Public and private investments toward knowledge dissemination and technology adoption regarding GHG emissions reduction and soil C storage are needed to allow humid tropics to maintain their critical function of generating environmental and societal benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiran M S da Silva
- Range Cattle Research and Education Center, University of Florida, Ona, FL, USA.
| | | | - Maria L Silveira
- Range Cattle Research and Education Center, University of Florida, Ona, FL, USA
| | - Mario A Lira Junior
- Federal Rural University of Pernambuco, Av. Dom Manoel de Medeiros, s/n, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Abmael S Cardoso
- Range Cattle Research and Education Center, University of Florida, Ona, FL, USA
| | - João M B Vendramini
- Range Cattle Research and Education Center, University of Florida, Ona, FL, USA
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McFarland C, Rose Vineer H, Chesney L, Henry N, Brown C, Airs P, Nicholson C, Scollan N, Lively F, Kyriazakis I, Morgan ER. Tracking gastrointestinal nematode risk on cattle farms through pasture contamination mapping. Int J Parasitol 2022; 52:691-703. [PMID: 36113619 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpara.2022.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2022] [Accepted: 07/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Gastrointestinal nematode (GIN) parasites in grazing cattle are a major cause of production loss and their control is increasingly difficult due to anthelmintic resistance and climate change. Rotational grazing can support control and decrease reliance on chemical intervention, but is often complex due to the need to track grazing periods and infection levels, and the effect of weather on larval availability. In this paper, a simulation model was developed to predict the availability of infective larvae of the bovine GIN, Ostertagia ostertagi, at the level of individual pastures. The model was applied within a complex rotational grazing system and successfully reproduced observed variation in larval density between fields and over time. Four groups of cattle in their second grazing season (n = 44) were followed throughout the temperate grazing season with regular assessment of GIN faecal egg counts, which were dominated by O. ostertagi, animal weight and recording of field rotations. Each group of cattle was rotationally grazed on six group-specific fields throughout the 2019 grazing season. Maps and calendars were produced to illustrate the change in pasture infectivity (density of L3 on herbage) across the 24 separate grazing fields. Simulations predicted differences in pasture contamination levels in relation to the timing of grazing and the return period. A proportion of L3 was predicted to persist on herbage over winter, declining to similar intensities across fields before the start of the following grazing season, irrespective of contamination levels in the previous year. Model predictions showed good agreement with pasture larval counts. The model also simulated differences in seasonal pasture infectivity under rotational grazing in systems that differed in temperature and rainfall profiles. Further application could support individual farm decisions on evasive grazing and refugia management, and improved regional evaluation of optimal grazing strategies for parasite control. The integration of weather and livestock movement is inherent to the model, and facilitates consideration of climate change adaptation through improved disease control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher McFarland
- Institute for Global Food Security, Queen's University Belfast, Biological Sciences, 19, Chlorine Gardens, BT9 5DL, UK.
| | - Hannah Rose Vineer
- Department of Infection Biology, Institute of Infection and Global Health, University of Liverpool, Leahurst Campus, Cheshire CH64 7TE, UK
| | - Lauren Chesney
- Institute for Global Food Security, Queen's University Belfast, Biological Sciences, 19, Chlorine Gardens, BT9 5DL, UK; Agri-Food and Biosciences Institute, Hillsborough, Co. Down, Northern Ireland BT16 6DR, UK
| | - Nicole Henry
- Institute for Global Food Security, Queen's University Belfast, Biological Sciences, 19, Chlorine Gardens, BT9 5DL, UK
| | - Claire Brown
- Institute for Global Food Security, Queen's University Belfast, Biological Sciences, 19, Chlorine Gardens, BT9 5DL, UK
| | - Paul Airs
- Institute for Global Food Security, Queen's University Belfast, Biological Sciences, 19, Chlorine Gardens, BT9 5DL, UK
| | - Christine Nicholson
- Agri-Food and Biosciences Institute, Hillsborough, Co. Down, Northern Ireland BT16 6DR, UK
| | - Nigel Scollan
- Institute for Global Food Security, Queen's University Belfast, Biological Sciences, 19, Chlorine Gardens, BT9 5DL, UK
| | - Francis Lively
- Agri-Food and Biosciences Institute, Hillsborough, Co. Down, Northern Ireland BT16 6DR, UK
| | - Ilias Kyriazakis
- Institute for Global Food Security, Queen's University Belfast, Biological Sciences, 19, Chlorine Gardens, BT9 5DL, UK; Agri-Food and Biosciences Institute, Hillsborough, Co. Down, Northern Ireland BT16 6DR, UK
| | - Eric R Morgan
- Institute for Global Food Security, Queen's University Belfast, Biological Sciences, 19, Chlorine Gardens, BT9 5DL, UK
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6
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Arndt KA, Campbell EE, Dorich CD, Grandy AS, Griffin TS, Ingraham P, Perry A, Varner RK, Contosta AR. Initial soil conditions outweigh management in a cool-season dairy farm's carbon sequestration potential. Sci Total Environ 2022; 809:152195. [PMID: 34890668 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.152195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2021] [Revised: 11/29/2021] [Accepted: 12/01/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Pastures and rangelands are a dominant portion of global agricultural land and have the potential to sequester carbon (C) in soils, mitigating climate change. Management intensive grazing (MIG), or high density grazing with rotations through paddocks with long rest periods, has been highlighted as a method of enhancing soil C in pastures by increasing forage production. However, few studies have examined the soil C storage potential of pastures under MIG in the northeastern United States, where the dairy industry comprises a large portion of agricultural use and the regional agricultural economy. Here we present a 12-year study conducted in this region using a combination of field data and the denitrification and decomposition (DNDCv9.5) model to analyze changes in soil C and nitrogen (N) over time, and the climate impacts as they relate to soil carbon dioxide (CO2) and nitrous oxide (N2O) fluxes. Field measurements showed: (1) increases in soil C in grazed fields under MIG (P = 0.03) with no significant increase in hayed fields (P = 0.55); and (2) that the change in soil C was negatively correlated to initial soil C content (P = 0.006). Modeled simulations also showed fields that started with relatively less soil C had significant gains in C over the course of the study, with no significant change in fields with higher initial levels of soil C. Sensitivity analyses showed the physiochemical status of soils (i.e., soil C and clay content) had greater influence over C storage than the intensity of grazing. More extensive grazing methods showed very little change in soil C storage or CO2 and N2O fluxes with modeled continuous grazing trending towards declines in soil C. Our study highlights the importance of considering both initial system conditions as well as management when analyzing the potential for long-term soil C storage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyle A Arndt
- University of New Hampshire, Institute for the Study of Earth, Oceans, and Space, 8 College Road, Durham, NH 03824, USA.
| | - Eleanor E Campbell
- University of New Hampshire, Institute for the Study of Earth, Oceans, and Space, 8 College Road, Durham, NH 03824, USA
| | - Chris D Dorich
- University of New Hampshire, Institute for the Study of Earth, Oceans, and Space, 8 College Road, Durham, NH 03824, USA; Colorado State University, Natural Resource Ecology Laboratory, Warner College of Natural Resources, 200 West Lake, Fort Collins, CO 80526, USA; University of New Hampshire, Department of Earth Science, 56 College Road, Durham, NH 03824, USA
| | - A Stuart Grandy
- University of New Hampshire, Department of Natural Resources & the Environment, 56 College Road, Durham, NH 03824, USA
| | - Timothy S Griffin
- Tufts University, Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy, 150 Harrison Ave, Boston, MA 02111, USA
| | - Peter Ingraham
- Applied GeoSolutions, 55 Main St Suite 125, Newmarket, NH 03857, United States of America
| | - Apryl Perry
- University of New Hampshire, Institute for the Study of Earth, Oceans, and Space, 8 College Road, Durham, NH 03824, USA; University of New Hampshire, Department of Earth Science, 56 College Road, Durham, NH 03824, USA
| | - Ruth K Varner
- University of New Hampshire, Institute for the Study of Earth, Oceans, and Space, 8 College Road, Durham, NH 03824, USA; University of New Hampshire, Department of Earth Science, 56 College Road, Durham, NH 03824, USA
| | - Alexandra R Contosta
- University of New Hampshire, Institute for the Study of Earth, Oceans, and Space, 8 College Road, Durham, NH 03824, USA
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7
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Parelho C, Rodrigues A, Barreto MDC, Cruz JV, Rasche F, Silva L, Garcia P. Bioaccumulation and potential ecotoxicological effects of trace metals along a management intensity gradient in volcanic pasturelands. Chemosphere 2021; 273:128601. [PMID: 33070976 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.128601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2020] [Revised: 10/05/2020] [Accepted: 10/07/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The particularities of volcanic soils raise the need to better understand the link between soil agricultural management intensity and trace metal bioaccumulation. The Azores are a region characterized by volcanic soils, which were changed in different degrees according to the intensity of the agricultural practices. The main objective of this study was to assess the potential ecotoxicological effects of the trace metals present in volcanic pastureland soils along a gradient of management intensity (i.e., semi-natural, permanent and reseeded), using earthworms (Eisenia fetida) as biological indicators. For this purpose earthworms were exposed during 7, 14, 28 and 56 days to soils from the three types of pastures. At each exposure time, we quantified trace element bioaccumulation (As, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Hg, Li, Mn, Mo, Ni, Pb, Rb, U, V and Zn) and the activities of superoxide dismutase and acetylcholinesterase in earthworm tissues. Overall, the results showed that the type of pastureland management significantly increased the soil contents in trace metals: V, Co, Ni and Zn in semi-natural pasturelands; As, Cd and Hg in reseeded pasturelands; and, Rb and U in both permanent and reseeded pasturelands. The soil physicochemical properties observed in the reseeded pastureland systems (higher electric conductivity values associated with a moderately acid pH value) modulated the metal bioavailability, from soil to biota, leading to a greater Hg bioaccumulation in earthworm tissues. The long-term exposure (56 days) of earthworms to reseeded pastureland soil was associated with adverse biological effects (intensification of AChE activity and decrease of SOD activity), encompassing key processes such as neurotransmission and antioxidant defence mechanisms in resident soil biota (earthworms). This study point towards the increased importance of semi-natural and permanent pastureland management, over the intensive management (reseeded pasturelands), in favour of more sustainable ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Parelho
- CE3c, Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes, And Azorean Biodiversity Group, University of the Azores, 9501-801, Ponta Delgada, Portugal.
| | - Armindo Rodrigues
- Faculty of Sciences and Technology, University of the Azores, 9501-801, Ponta Delgada, Portugal; IVAR, Institute of Volcanology and Risks Assessment, University of the Azores, 9501-801, Ponta Delgada, Portugal.
| | - Maria do Carmo Barreto
- CE3c, Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes, And Azorean Biodiversity Group, University of the Azores, 9501-801, Ponta Delgada, Portugal; Faculty of Sciences and Technology, University of the Azores, 9501-801, Ponta Delgada, Portugal.
| | - J Virgílio Cruz
- Faculty of Sciences and Technology, University of the Azores, 9501-801, Ponta Delgada, Portugal; IVAR, Institute of Volcanology and Risks Assessment, University of the Azores, 9501-801, Ponta Delgada, Portugal.
| | - Frank Rasche
- University of Hohenheim, Institute of Agricultural Sciences in the Tropics (Hans-Ruthenberg-Institute), 70593, Stuttgart, Germany.
| | - Luís Silva
- Faculty of Sciences and Technology, University of the Azores, 9501-801, Ponta Delgada, Portugal; CIBIO, Centro de Investigacão Em Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos, InBIO Laboratório Associado, Pólo Dos Açores, Universidade Dos Açores, 9501-801, Ponta Delgada, Portugal.
| | - Patrícia Garcia
- CE3c, Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes, And Azorean Biodiversity Group, University of the Azores, 9501-801, Ponta Delgada, Portugal; Faculty of Sciences and Technology, University of the Azores, 9501-801, Ponta Delgada, Portugal.
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8
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Hoffmann A, Cardoso AS, Fonseca NVB, Romanzini EP, Siniscalchi D, Berndt A, Ruggieri AC, Reis RA. Effects of supplementation with corn distillers' dried grains on animal performance, nitrogen balance, and enteric CH 4 emissions of young Nellore bulls fed a high-tropical forage diet. Animal 2021; 15:100155. [PMID: 33573951 DOI: 10.1016/j.animal.2020.100155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2020] [Revised: 11/16/2020] [Accepted: 11/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The inclusion of corn-dried distillers' grains (DDG) could be an alternative supplement to increase animal performance, nitrogen efficiency usage (NEU), and decrease enteric methane (CH4) emissions. Our goal was to determine whether DDG could replace a traditional supplement (cottonseed meal) without affecting animal performance, N balance, and CH4 emissions. The experiment was conducted during the forage growing season (December to April), with 15 d adaptation, and a 112 d experimental period. The experimental design was completely randomized with four treatments: a mineral supplement (MS), cottonseed meal supplement (CS), 50% replacement of CS by DDG (50DDG), and 100% replacement of CS by DDG (100DDG). Cottonseed meal and DDG were used as protein supplement. A total of 12 paddocks, 3 per treatment, were used to measure forage mass: morphological and chemical composition of forage, forage allowance, and animal performance. Six animals per treatment were used to evaluate DM intake, digestibility, CH4 emissions, microbial protein production (MCP), and NEU of each treatment. Eighty-one Young Nellore bulls (48 testers, 12 per treatments and 33 adjusters) with initial BW of 255 ± 5 kg (10-12 months old) were supplemented with each supplement type at a level of 0.3% of BW. Pasture management was continuous stocking with a variable stocking rate (put-and-take). Enteric CH4 was measured using the gas tracer technique. The MCP was quantified using purine derivatives and the NEU mass balance. No differences were found in nutrient intake (P > 0.228). Individual animal performance and gain per area were higher in the treatments with concentrates compared with that of MS; however, there was no difference among treatments CS, 50DDG, and 100DDG. The ADG was 0.83 for MS and 1.08 kg/animal/d when supplemented (P < 0.05). Gain per hectare was 709 kg/ha for MS and 915 kg/ha when supplemented with concentrates (P < 0.05). There was no difference in CH4 production among treatments that average 180 g/animal/d; however, CH4 per kg of gain was reduced with CS. The CH4 conversion factor averaged 5.91%. There was no difference in the synthesis of MCP and NEU. Corn DDG can replace 100% of cottonseed meal as a protein source for supplementation of young Nellore bulls grazing in tropical pastures without affecting animal performance, NEU, MCP, and CH4 emissions.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Hoffmann
- Department of Animal Science, São Paulo State University - Unesp, Jaboticabal, São Paulo, Brazil; Trouw Nutrition, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - A S Cardoso
- Department of Animal Science, São Paulo State University - Unesp, Jaboticabal, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - N V B Fonseca
- Department of Animal Science, São Paulo State University - Unesp, Jaboticabal, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - E P Romanzini
- Department of Animal Science, São Paulo State University - Unesp, Jaboticabal, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - D Siniscalchi
- Department of Animal Science, São Paulo State University - Unesp, Jaboticabal, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - A Berndt
- Embrapa Pecuária Sudeste, São Carlos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - A C Ruggieri
- Department of Animal Science, São Paulo State University - Unesp, Jaboticabal, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - R A Reis
- Department of Animal Science, São Paulo State University - Unesp, Jaboticabal, São Paulo, Brazil
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9
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Hüe T, Fontfreyde C. Development of a new approach of pasture management to control Rhipicephalus microplus infestation. Trop Anim Health Prod 2019; 51:1989-95. [PMID: 31076993 DOI: 10.1007/s11250-019-01899-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2019] [Accepted: 04/11/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Despite several decades of chemical control, the cattle tick Rhipicephalus microplus remains an important constraint for cattle farmers. The regular use of chemicals has led to the development of tick strains that are multi-resistant to acaricides. New methods of tick control are being developed and combined in integrated tick management programs. Grazing management is one part of these control methods. However, until now, grazing management consisted essentially of resting pastures for 4 to 5 months. This amount of time is generally sufficient to allow for natural tick larvae mortality to occur, but this method often compromises the quality of forages, which is less than optimal at the time of arrival of the animals in the paddock. In this paper, we propose a new approach to pasture management-based tick control that optimizes forage production. It is based on tick development biological parameters, herd management and strategic treatments. This approach was tested for 2 years on two farms raising tick-susceptible European breeds of cattle under tropical conditions. The number of chemical treatments decreased respectively by 82.9% and 70.9%. This cost-effective approach may prove useful in decreasing the number of acaricidal treatments on farms facing high tick loads.
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Rocha Junior PRD, Andrade FV, Mendonça EDS, Donagemma GK, Fernandes RBA, Bhattharai R, Kalita PK. Soil, water, and nutrient losses from management alternatives for degraded pasture in Brazilian Atlantic Rainforest biome. Sci Total Environ 2017; 583:53-63. [PMID: 28104335 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.12.187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2016] [Revised: 12/30/2016] [Accepted: 12/30/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to evaluate sediment, water and nutrient losses from different pasture managements in the Atlantic Rainforest biome. A field study was carried out in Alegre Espiríto Santo, Brazil, on a Xanthic Ferralsol cultivated with braquiaria (Brachiaria brizantha). The six pasture managements studied were: control (CON), chisel (CHI), fertilizer (FER), burned (BUR), plowing and harrowing (PH), and integrated crop-livestock (iCL). Runoff and sediment samples were collected and analyzed for calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), potassium (K), phosphorus (P) and organic carbon contents. Soil physical attributes and above and below biomass were also evaluated. The results indicated that higher water loss was observed for iCL (129.90mm) and CON (123.25mm) managements, and the sediment losses were higher for CON (10.24tha-1) and BUR (5.20tha-1) managements when compared to the other managements. Majority of the nutrients losses occurred in dissolved fraction (99% of Ca, 99% of Mg, 96% of K, and 65% of P), whereas a significant fraction of organic carbon (80%) loss occurred in a particulate form. Except for P, other nutrients (Ca, Mg and K) and organic carbon losses were higher in coarse sediment compared to fine sediment. The greater losses of sediment, organic carbon, and nutrients were observed for CON followed by BUR management (p<0.05). Our findings indicated that the traditional pasture management adopted in the Atlantic Rainforest needs to be rethought and burned management should be avoided. Based on the water, soil, and nutrient losses from various practices, to reduce pasture degradation, farmers should adopt edaphic practices by applying lime and fertilize to improve pasture growth and soil cover, and reducing soil erosion in the hilly Brazilian Atlantic Rainforest biome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulo Roberto da Rocha Junior
- Universidade Federal do Espirito Santo, Department of Plant Production, Alto Universitário, Gurarema s/n, Alegre 29500-000, ES, Brazil.
| | - Felipe Vaz Andrade
- Universidade Federal do Espirito Santo, Department of Plant Production, Alto Universitário, Gurarema s/n, Alegre 29500-000, ES, Brazil
| | - Eduardo de Sá Mendonça
- Universidade Federal do Espirito Santo, Department of Plant Production, Alto Universitário, Gurarema s/n, Alegre 29500-000, ES, Brazil
| | - Guilherme Kangussú Donagemma
- Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária, Rua Jardim Botânico 1024, Jardim Botânico, 24460-000 Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Raphael Bragança Alves Fernandes
- Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Departament of Soil Science and Plant Nutrition, Av. Peter Henry Rolfs s/n, Campus Universitário, 36570-900 Viçosa, MG, Brazil
| | - Rabin Bhattharai
- University of Illinois, Department of Agricultural and Biological Engineering, 338 Agricultural Engineering Sciences Building, 1304 W. Pennsylvania Avenue, 61801 Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Prasanta Kumar Kalita
- University of Illinois, Department of Agricultural and Biological Engineering, 338 Agricultural Engineering Sciences Building, 1304 W. Pennsylvania Avenue, 61801 Urbana, IL, USA
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Kasymov U, Undeland A, Dörre A, Mackinnon A. Central Asia: Kyrgyzstan and the learning experience in the design of pastoral institutions. REV SCI TECH OIE 2016; 35:511-521. [PMID: 27917975 DOI: 10.20506/rst.35.2.2538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The authors analyse the nature of policy development to understand the reasons for institutional change in pasture management in Kyrgyzstan. They use the concept of intentional institutional change, emphasising its incremental nature and the important relationship between belief systems and institutions. The paper explores the relationship between the perceptions and beliefs of policy-makers, the policy interventions they undertake, and the consequences for pastoral migration and practices. The study reveals the gap between the intentions behind such policies and their outcomes, the persistence and importance of pastoral migration, and the learning process that policy-makers undergo. This close look at the development and institutionalisation of new dominant societal beliefs highlights the possible direction of the future development of formal pastoral institutions in Central Asia. Policy-makers should respond better to changes in pastoral mobility and the unsustainable increase in intensified use of natural pastures. Policy-makers must also respond to the growth in conflict over pasture use by becoming more aware of the need for inter-sectoral cooperation. The authors argue that a crucial test for the new formal institutions still lies ahead. The key questions are: whether policy-makers and pasture users can eventually come to hold the same beliefs about what is needed in their society, and what new effective institutions will emerge to define the future of pastoralism in Central Asia.
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Abstract
Infection of livestock with Fasciola hepatica is a worldwide, economically important and increasing problem. Even though, bovine fasciolosis can be a disease associated with particular regions, there are usually epidemiological issues on individual farms. For this reason, it is recommended to find the source of infection by examination of definite hosts and pastures on a farm. The following factors which promote the transmission of bovine fasciolosis are usually found: (A) Snail habitats are present on pastures used for young stock (prior to first calving) or dry cows only. Pastures for dairy cows are not affected. (B) Snail habitats are present on all pastures for dairy cows. (C) Snail habitats are present on single pastures used for dairy cows. (D) Snail habitats are present on hayfields. For each of these epidemiological situations an individual control strategy is advised. When a control strategy is tailored according to the specific epidemiology found on the individual farm, egg shedding and F. hepatica-seroprevalence can be reduced significantly. This approach can support the responsible use of the available flukicides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela Knubben-Schweizer
- Clinic for Ruminants with Ambulatory and Herd Health Services at the Centre for Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Sonnenstrasse 16, 85764 Oberschleissheim, Germany.
| | - Paul R Torgerson
- Section of Epidemiology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 270, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
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