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McCann P, McFarland C, Megaw J, Siu-Ting K, Cantacessi C, Rinaldi G, Gobert GN. Assessing the microbiota of the snail intermediate host of trematodes, Galba truncatula. Parasit Vectors 2024; 17:31. [PMID: 38263069 PMCID: PMC10807216 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-024-06118-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 01/25/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The microbiome is known to play key roles in health and disease, including host susceptibility to parasite infections. The freshwater snail Galba truncatula is the intermediate host for many trematode species, including the liver and rumen flukes Fasciola hepatica and Calicophoron daubneyi, respectively. The snail-parasite system has previously been investigated. However, the specific interaction between the snail-associated microbiota and intra-snail developmental stages of trematodes has yet to be explored. METHODS Galba truncatula snails were collected from farms in Northern Ireland and trematode infection was diagnosed using PCR. High-throughput sequencing analysis of the bacterial 16S ribosomal DNA V3-V4 hypervariable regions was subsequently applied to characterise the microbiota of both uninfected and infected snails. RESULTS We first showed that the snail harboured microbiota that was distinct for its environment. The microbiota of infected snails was found to differ significantly from that of uninfected snails. In particular, the bacterial genera Mycoplasma and Methylotenera were significantly more abundant in infected snails, while genera Sphingomonas and Nocardioides were predominantly associated with uninfected snails. CONCLUSION These findings pave the way to future studies on the functional roles of bacteria in host-parasite relationships.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter McCann
- School of Biological Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK
| | | | - Julianne Megaw
- School of Biological Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK
| | - Karen Siu-Ting
- School of Biological Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK
| | - Cinzia Cantacessi
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Gabriel Rinaldi
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Aberystwyth, Aberystwyth, UK
| | - Geoffrey N Gobert
- School of Biological Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK.
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Juhász A, Majoros G. A proposed ectochory of Galba truncatula snails between wallow sites enhances transmission of Fascioloides magna at gemenc, in Hungary. Int J Parasitol Parasites Wildl 2023; 21:219-223. [PMID: 37441229 PMCID: PMC10333104 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijppaw.2023.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Revised: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023]
Abstract
Each year temporary puddles are formed on compacted earth roads as a consequence of heavy rains and subsequent flooding in the large floodplain forests of the Danube River, Hungary, Central Europe, Hungary. After the receding of floodwaters, the muddy puddles persist from spring to mid-fall, where they are densely populated by Galba truncatula snails on an annual basis. These snails are the sole intermediate host of Fascioloides magna liver fluke of deer in the forest. According to field observations, G. truncatula is a very rare species on banks of river branches and lakes within the forest but always appears in large aggregations in these semi-natural potholes. Red deer (Cervus elaphus) leave their droppings in puddles while they wallow in the mud, therefore the snails encounter the miracidia of F. magna frequently. Snails are not able to dig themselves into the tamp soil of roads therefore they are destroyed by the wheels of vehicles which drive down the roads from autumn to the end of winter. Therefore, snails colonize these puddles regularly every spring. Since there is no connection between the distant puddles, it is supposed that deer and wild boars repeatedly introduce the snails into the puddles each year carrying snails with the help of mud, which is stuck on their fur while they wallow. This method of transport is supported by the fact that shell remnants of snails can be found on the bark of rubbing trunks situated nearby wallows. It seems that the sequential creation of wallow sites and the repeated introduction of G. truncatula enhance the likelihood for the trematode to infect both hosts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Juhász
- Department of Tropical Disease Biology, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, L3 5QA, UK
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, Semmelweis University, H-1089, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Gábor Majoros
- Private Scholar, István Str. 49., H-1078, Budapest, Hungary
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Juhász A, Stothard JR. The giant liver fluke in Europe: A review of Fascioloides magna within cervids and livestock with considerations on an expanding snail-fluke transmission risk. Adv Parasitol 2023; 119:223-257. [PMID: 36707174 DOI: 10.1016/bs.apar.2022.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The giant liver fluke, Fascioloides magna, common in North America and introduced into Europe in the 19th century, is an underappreciated model system for epidemiological studies on biological invasions, interactions with other native parasites and for health impact assessments within both definitive and intermediate snail host populations. Owing to its first contemporary appearance in Europe and then its subsequent spread, fascioloidosis has become a fluke-livestock/wildlife-snail combination of increasing interest for veterinarians, parasitologists and population geneticists. Here, we present a description of its recent epidemiology, biogeography and biology, inclusive of host species lists. Special emphasis is placed upon known definitive hosts of F. magna within Europe and considerations upon this fluke's local intermediate snail hosts. This helps us envisage plausible future epidemiological scenarios for further expansion across Europe, potentially even invasion into the UK. In line with others who draw attention upon needs for better systematic monitoring of putative risk-areas of fluke transmission, we close by highlighting why better surveillance of F. magna across continental Europe, and neighbouring territories, is justified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Juhász
- Department of Tropical Disease Biology, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, United Kingdom; Institute of Medical Microbiology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary.
| | - J Russell Stothard
- Department of Tropical Disease Biology, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, United Kingdom
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Rondelaud D, Vignoles P, Dreyfuss G. Changes in the Populations of Two Lymnaeidae and Their Infection by Fasciola hepatica and/or Calicophoron daubneyi over the Past 30 Years in Central France. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12243566. [PMID: 36552486 PMCID: PMC9774278 DOI: 10.3390/ani12243566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Revised: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Field investigations were carried out during three periods (from 1976 to 1997, in 2013-2014, and in 2020-2021) on 39 cattle-raising farms on acidic soils to track changes in the populations of two Lymnaeidae (Galba truncatula and Omphiscola glabra) and their infection with Fasciola hepatica and/or Calicophoron daubneyi. Compared to the survey between 1976 and 1997 on these farms, there was a significant decrease in the number of the two lymnaeid populations and the size of the G. truncatula populations in both 2013-2014 and 2020-2021. This decline was significantly faster in the last nine years than it was before 2013. The area of habitats colonized by G. truncatula showed no significant variation over the years, while that of habitats with O. glabra significantly decreased in the period covered by the three surveys. The prevalence of F. hepatica infection in snails significantly decreased over the years, while C. daubneyi infection increased over time in both lymnaeid species. These changes are due to the use of triclabendazole to treat fasciolosis in ruminants since the 1990s, and are probably a consequence of the successive heatwaves that have occurred since 2018 in the region.
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Bardales-Valdivia J, Bargues M, Hoban-Vergara C, Bardales-Bardales C, Goicochea-Portal C, Bazán-Zurita H, Del Valle-Mendoza J, Ortiz P, Mas-Coma S. Spread of the fascioliasis endemic area assessed by seasonal follow-up of rDNA ITS-2 sequenced lymnaeid populations in Cajamarca, Peru. One Health 2021; 13:100265. [PMID: 34041348 PMCID: PMC8141929 DOI: 10.1016/j.onehlt.2021.100265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2021] [Revised: 05/06/2021] [Accepted: 05/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Fascioliasis is a worldwide emerging snail-borne zoonotic trematodiasis with a great spreading capacity linked to animal and human movements, climate change, and anthropogenic modifications of freshwater environments. South America is the continent with more human endemic areas caused by Fasciola hepatica, mainly in high altitude areas of Andean regions. The Peruvian Cajamarca area presents the highest human prevalences reported, only lower than those in the Bolivian Altiplano. Sequencing of the complete rDNA ITS-2 allowed for the specific and haplotype classification of lymnaeid snails collected in seasonal field surveys along a transect including 2007-3473 m altitudes. The species Galba truncatula (one haplotype preferentially in higher altitudes) and Pseudosuccinea columella (one haplotype in an isolated population), and the non-transmitting species Lymnaea schirazensis (two haplotypes mainly in lower altitudes) were found. Climatic seasonality proved to influence G. truncatula populations in temporarily dried habitats, whereas L. schirazensis appeared to be more climatologically independent due to its extreme amphibious ecology. Along the southeastern transect from Cajamarca city, G. truncatula and L. schirazensis shared the same site in 7 localities (46.7% of the water collections studied). The detection of G. truncatula in 11 new foci (73.3%), predominantly in northern localities closer to the city, demonstrate that the Cajamarca transmission risk area is markedly wider than previously considered. Lymnaea schirazensis progressively increases its presence when moving away from the city. Results highlight the usefulness of lymnaeid surveys to assess borders of the endemic area and inner distribution of transmission foci. Similar lymnaeid surveys are still in need to be performed in the wide northern and western zones of the Cajamarca city. The coexistence of more than one lymnaeid transmitting species, together with a morphologically indistinguishable non-transmitting species and livestock movements inside the area, conform a complex scenario which poses difficulties for the needed One Health control intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- J.N. Bardales-Valdivia
- Departamento de Biología y Biotecnología, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Nacional de Cajamarca, Carretera Baños del Inca km 3,5, Cajamarca, Peru
- Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Nacional de Cajamarca, Carretera Baños del Inca km 3,5, Cajamarca, Peru
| | - M.D. Bargues
- Departamento de Parasitología, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Valencia, Av. Vicente Andrés Estellés s/n, 46100 Burjassot, Valencia, Spain
| | - C. Hoban-Vergara
- Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Nacional de Cajamarca, Carretera Baños del Inca km 3,5, Cajamarca, Peru
| | - C. Bardales-Bardales
- Dirección Regional de Agricultura Cajamarca, Gobierno Regional de Cajamarca, Carretera Baños del Inca km 3,5, Cajamarca, Peru
| | - C. Goicochea-Portal
- Dirección Regional de Agricultura Cajamarca, Gobierno Regional de Cajamarca, Carretera Baños del Inca km 3,5, Cajamarca, Peru
| | - H. Bazán-Zurita
- Vice-Rectorado de Investigación, Universidad Privada Antonio Guillermo Urrelo, Jirón José Sabogal No. 913, Cajamarca, Peru
| | - J. Del Valle-Mendoza
- Escuela de Medicina, Centro de Investigación e Innovación, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, and Laboratorio de Biología Molecular y Celular, Instituto de Investigación Nutricional, Universidad Peruana de Ciencias Aplicadas, Prolongación Primavera No. 2390, Lima, Peru
| | - P. Ortiz
- Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Nacional de Cajamarca, Carretera Baños del Inca km 3,5, Cajamarca, Peru
| | - S. Mas-Coma
- Departamento de Parasitología, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Valencia, Av. Vicente Andrés Estellés s/n, 46100 Burjassot, Valencia, Spain
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Mas-Coma S, Cafrune MM, Funatsu IR, Mangold AJ, Angles R, Buchon P, Fantozzi MC, Artigas P, Valero MA, Bargues MD. Fascioliasis in Llama, Lama glama, in Andean Endemic Areas: Experimental Transmission Capacity by the High Altitude Snail Vector Galba truncatula and Epidemiological Analysis of Its Reservoir Role. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:ani11092693. [PMID: 34573658 PMCID: PMC8470536 DOI: 10.3390/ani11092693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2021] [Revised: 08/28/2021] [Accepted: 09/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary The infection by the liver fluke Fasciola hepatica in South American camelids, mainly llamas and alpacas, has been the focus of many studies. However, their capacity to participate in the transmission of the disease and their potential reservoir role in human or animal endemic areas have never been studied. Therefore, all development stages of an isolate from Argentine llama of the high Andean plateau have been experimentally investigated, from egg embryogenesis to metacercarial infectivity, by using the vector snail Galba truncatula from the high altitude Bolivian Altiplano human hyperendemic area. Although eggs shed by llamas may successfully develop until the adult stage in a subsequent mammal host, the transmission capacity of the llama proved to be pronouncedly less efficient than that of other hosts as sheep and cattle. Moreover, the low prevalences, intensities, and daily fecal outputs of liver fluke eggs in llama in Andean endemic areas, together with their peculiar defecating behavior in dung piles always far from freshwater collections, indicate that the contribution of this camelid should be considered negligible. Therefore, the llama does not need to receive priority within fascioliasis control initiatives, although it may play a disease-spreading role if used as a pack animal. Abstract South American camelids are definitive hosts of Fasciola hepatica. However, their capacity to participate in the transmission and epidemiology of fascioliasis has never been appropriately studied. Therefore, an F. hepatica isolate from Argentine llama is for the first time analyzed using Galba truncatula lymnaeids from Bolivia. Experimental follow-up studies included egg embryogenesis, miracidial infection of lymnaeid snails, intramolluscan larval development, cercarial production, chronobiology of cercarial shedding, vector survival to infection, and metacercarial infectivity of mammal host. Shorter prepatent and patent periods were leading to markedly lower cercarial production, shorter cercarial shedding, and a higher negative impact on snail survival. The usually low liver fluke prevalences and intensities and low daily fecal outputs indicate that llamas do not substantially contribute to fascioliasis transmission. The defecating behavior in dung piles far from freshwater collections prevents lymnaeid infection by eggs shed by this camelid. All results suggest the reservoir role of the llama to be negligible and, therefore, no priority within control measures in endemic areas. However, llamas may play a disease-spreading role if used as pack animals in rural areas. In the Northern Bolivian Altiplano human hyperendemic area, neither llamas nor alpacas should be considered for control measures within a One Health action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Santiago Mas-Coma
- Departamento de Parasitologia, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Valencia, Av. Vicent Andres Estelles s/n, 46100 Burjassot, Valencia, Spain; (I.R.F.); (M.C.F.); (P.A.); (M.A.V.)
- Correspondence: (S.M.-C.); (M.D.B.)
| | - Maria Mercedes Cafrune
- Instituto de Investigación Animal del Chaco Semiárido, Área de Investigación en Salud Animal, Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Salta, Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA), Ministerio de Agricultura, Ganadería y Pesca CIAP, Ruta Nacional 68–km 172, Cerrillos A4403, Salta, Argentina;
| | - Ilra Renata Funatsu
- Departamento de Parasitologia, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Valencia, Av. Vicent Andres Estelles s/n, 46100 Burjassot, Valencia, Spain; (I.R.F.); (M.C.F.); (P.A.); (M.A.V.)
| | - Atilio Jose Mangold
- Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Rafaela, Instituto Nacional de Tecnologia Agropecuaria (INTA), Ministerio de Agricultura, Ganadería y Pesca, CC 22 INTA Rafaela, Rafaela 2300, Santa Fe, Argentina;
| | - Rene Angles
- Cátedra de Parasitología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Mayor de San Andrés (UMSA), Av. Saavedra, Miraflores, La Paz, Bolivia;
| | - Paola Buchon
- Unidad de Limnología, Instituto de Ecología, Universidad Mayor de San Andrés (UMSA), Campus Calle 27, Cota Cota, La Paz, Bolivia;
| | - Maria Cecilia Fantozzi
- Departamento de Parasitologia, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Valencia, Av. Vicent Andres Estelles s/n, 46100 Burjassot, Valencia, Spain; (I.R.F.); (M.C.F.); (P.A.); (M.A.V.)
| | - Patricio Artigas
- Departamento de Parasitologia, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Valencia, Av. Vicent Andres Estelles s/n, 46100 Burjassot, Valencia, Spain; (I.R.F.); (M.C.F.); (P.A.); (M.A.V.)
| | - Maria Adela Valero
- Departamento de Parasitologia, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Valencia, Av. Vicent Andres Estelles s/n, 46100 Burjassot, Valencia, Spain; (I.R.F.); (M.C.F.); (P.A.); (M.A.V.)
| | - Maria Dolores Bargues
- Departamento de Parasitologia, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Valencia, Av. Vicent Andres Estelles s/n, 46100 Burjassot, Valencia, Spain; (I.R.F.); (M.C.F.); (P.A.); (M.A.V.)
- Correspondence: (S.M.-C.); (M.D.B.)
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Roldán C, Begovoeva M, López-Olvera JR, Velarde R, Cabezón Ó, Molinar Min AR, Pizzato F, Pasquetti M, Fernández Aguilar X, Mentaberre G, Serrano E, Puig Ribas M, Espunyes J, Castillo-Contreras R, Estruch J, Rossi L. Endemic occurrence of Fasciola hepatica in an alpine ecosystem, Pyrenees, Northeastern Spain. Transbound Emerg Dis 2020; 68:2589-2594. [PMID: 33012085 DOI: 10.1111/tbed.13865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2020] [Revised: 08/27/2020] [Accepted: 09/25/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Fasciola hepatica is a liver parasite of ruminants whose distribution is determined by its intermediate host, the freshwater snail Galba truncatula. In Europe, F. hepatica is mostly associated with lowlands. Infection from sympatric domestic reservoirs is rarely reported in wild mountain ungulates. This study explores F. hepatica in a multi-host system in a European alpine area. Serum samples (n = 1,209) from Pyrenean chamois (Rupicapra p. pyrenaica), European mouflon (Ovis aries musimon), domestic sheep (Ovis aries) and domestic cattle (Bos taurus) were collected in the National Game Reserve of Freser-Setcases (NGRFS) in Catalonia, Northeastern Spain, from 2008 to 2019, and tested for antibodies against F. hepatica. During the same period, the livers of 214 chamois hunted in the NGRFS were inspected for F. hepatica and associated pathological changes. Finally, 907 freshwater snails were collected in summer 2016 between 1559 and 2,224 metres above sea level (asl) in the NGRFS, and F. hepatica DNA sought by PCR. Antibodies against F. hepatica were detected in all four species, with a higher prevalence in cattle and sheep than in chamois. Fasciola hepatica and hepatic lesions were concurrently observed in 13/214 of the chamois livers inspected (6.1%, CI95 2.9%-9.3%). Fasciola hepatica DNA was detected in one out of the 907 snails (0.1%, Cl95 0.1% - 0.3%; Ct value 33.3) and collected at 2054 m asl. Fasciola hepatica was consistently detected in a high mountain multi-host system, suggesting that its life cycle is completed and that it occurs endemically at the highest elevation reported in Europe. Transhumant livestock are the likely source in this alpine ecosystem, which according to rare occurrence of F. hepatica DNA in G. truncatula is still a suboptimal habitat for F. hepatica life cycle. Studying parasites at their highest distribution range can be useful to monitor climate change in seasonal mountain environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Roldán
- Wildlife Ecology & Health group (WEH) and Servei d'Ecopatologia de Fauna Salvatge (SEFaS), Departament de Medicina i Cirurgia Animals, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Mattia Begovoeva
- Dipartimento di Scienze Veterinarie, Università di Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Jorge Ramón López-Olvera
- Wildlife Ecology & Health group (WEH) and Servei d'Ecopatologia de Fauna Salvatge (SEFaS), Departament de Medicina i Cirurgia Animals, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Roser Velarde
- Wildlife Ecology & Health group (WEH) and Servei d'Ecopatologia de Fauna Salvatge (SEFaS), Departament de Medicina i Cirurgia Animals, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Óscar Cabezón
- UAB, Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA, IRTA-UAB), Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain.,Wildlife Conservation Medicine Research Group (WildCoM), Departament de Medicina i Cirurgia Animals, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
| | | | - Federica Pizzato
- Dipartimento di Scienze Veterinarie, Università di Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Mario Pasquetti
- Dipartimento di Scienze Veterinarie, Università di Torino, Torino, Italy
| | | | - Gregorio Mentaberre
- Wildlife Ecology & Health group (WEH) and Servei d'Ecopatologia de Fauna Salvatge (SEFaS), Departament de Medicina i Cirurgia Animals, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain.,Departament de Ciència Animal, Escola Tècnica Superior d'Enginyeria Agraria (ETSEA), Universitat de Lleida (UdL), Lleida, Spain
| | - Emmanuel Serrano
- Wildlife Ecology & Health group (WEH) and Servei d'Ecopatologia de Fauna Salvatge (SEFaS), Departament de Medicina i Cirurgia Animals, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain.,Dipartimento di Scienze Veterinarie, Università di Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Maria Puig Ribas
- Wildlife Conservation Medicine Research Group (WildCoM), Departament de Medicina i Cirurgia Animals, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain.,Research and Conservation Department, Zoo de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Johan Espunyes
- Wildlife Conservation Medicine Research Group (WildCoM), Departament de Medicina i Cirurgia Animals, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain.,Research and Conservation Department, Zoo de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Raquel Castillo-Contreras
- Wildlife Ecology & Health group (WEH) and Servei d'Ecopatologia de Fauna Salvatge (SEFaS), Departament de Medicina i Cirurgia Animals, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain.,Seabird Ecology Lab, Departament de Biologia Evolutiva, Ecologia i Ciències Ambientals, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Josep Estruch
- Wildlife Ecology & Health group (WEH) and Servei d'Ecopatologia de Fauna Salvatge (SEFaS), Departament de Medicina i Cirurgia Animals, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Luca Rossi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Veterinarie, Università di Torino, Torino, Italy
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Davis CN, Tyson F, Cutress D, Davies E, Jones DL, Brophy PM, Prescott A, Rose MT, Williams M, Williams HW, Jones RA. Rapid detection of Galba truncatula in water sources on pasture-land using loop-mediated isothermal amplification for control of trematode infections. Parasit Vectors 2020; 13:496. [PMID: 32998778 PMCID: PMC7526160 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-020-04371-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2020] [Accepted: 09/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fascioliasis caused by the trematodes Fasciola hepatica and F. gigantica, is a global neglected zoonotic disease estimated to cost the livestock industry over €2.5 billion annually. Farm management measures and sustainable use of anthelmintics can, in principle, effectively control trematode infection in livestock and reduce the rate of developing anthelmintic resistance. Previously, we designed an environmental DNA (eDNA) assay to identify a common trematode intermediate host, the freshwater snail Galba truncatula, in water sources to measure specific trematode infection risk areas on pasture-land. To improve this procedure, we now report a loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) assay to identify G. truncatula eDNA. METHODS A LAMP assay was designed and optimised (e.g. temperature, time duration and primer concentration) to identify G. truncatula DNA. The ability of the LAMP assay to target G. truncatula DNA was identified, and LAMP assay limit of detection was investigated in comparison to conventional PCR. In the field, 48 water samples were collected from stream, ditch and water pool habitats in four locations at two Aberystwyth University farms over a seven week period to investigate the applicability of the LAMP assay for use on eDNA samples, in comparison to conventional PCR. RESULTS The LAMP assay delivered detectable results in 30 min at 63 °C. The assay discriminated between G. truncatula DNA and non-target DNA, presenting a level of DNA detection comparable to conventional PCR. No significant difference was found between the ability of the LAMP and PCR assay to identify G. truncatula eDNA in water samples. Kappa coefficient analysis revealed a moderate level of agreement between LAMP and PCR assays. CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrated that the LAMP assay can detect G. truncatula eDNA in a simple and rapid manner. The LAMP assay may become a valuable tool to determine optimum pasture management for trematode parasite control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chelsea N Davis
- Institute of Biological, Environmental and Rural Sciences, Aberystwyth University, Aberystwyth, UK
| | - Fiona Tyson
- Institute of Biological, Environmental and Rural Sciences, Aberystwyth University, Aberystwyth, UK
| | - David Cutress
- Institute of Biological, Environmental and Rural Sciences, Aberystwyth University, Aberystwyth, UK
| | - Emma Davies
- Institute of Biological, Environmental and Rural Sciences, Aberystwyth University, Aberystwyth, UK
| | - Dewi Llyr Jones
- Institute of Biological, Environmental and Rural Sciences, Aberystwyth University, Aberystwyth, UK.,Coleg Cambria, Llysfasi, Ruthin Road, Ruthin, Denbighshire, UK
| | - Peter M Brophy
- Institute of Biological, Environmental and Rural Sciences, Aberystwyth University, Aberystwyth, UK
| | - Alex Prescott
- Institute of Biological, Environmental and Rural Sciences, Aberystwyth University, Aberystwyth, UK
| | - Michael T Rose
- Institute of Biological, Environmental and Rural Sciences, Aberystwyth University, Aberystwyth, UK.,Tasmanian Institute of Agriculture, University of Tasmania, Sandy Bay, TAS, Australia
| | - Manod Williams
- Institute of Biological, Environmental and Rural Sciences, Aberystwyth University, Aberystwyth, UK
| | - Hefin Wyn Williams
- Institute of Biological, Environmental and Rural Sciences, Aberystwyth University, Aberystwyth, UK
| | - Rhys Aled Jones
- Institute of Biological, Environmental and Rural Sciences, Aberystwyth University, Aberystwyth, UK.
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Mera Y Sierra R, Neira G, Bargues MD, Cuervo PF, Artigas P, Logarzo L, Cortiñas G, Ibaceta DEJ, Lopez Garrido A, Bisutti E, Mas-Coma S. Equines as reservoirs of human fascioliasis: transmission capacity, epidemiology and pathogenicity in Fasciola hepatica-infected mules. J Helminthol 2020; 94:e189. [PMID: 32907643 DOI: 10.1017/S0022149X20000693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Fascioliasis is a zoonotic disease caused by liver flukes transmitted by freshwater lymnaeid snails. Donkey and horse reservoir roles have been highlighted in human endemic areas. Liver fluke infection in mules has received very limited research. Their role in disease transmission, epidemiological importance and Fasciola hepatica pathogenicity are studied for the first time. Prevalence was 39.5% in 81 mules from Aconcagua, and 24.4% in 127 from Uspallata, in high-altitude areas of Mendoza province, Argentina. A mean amount of 101,242 eggs/mule/day is estimated. Lymnaeids from Uspallata proved to belong to ribosomal DNA internal transcribed spacer (ITS) markers ITS-1 and ITS-2 combined haplotype 3C of Galba truncatula. These lymnaeids were experimentally susceptible to infection by egg miracidia from mules. Infectivity, number of cercariae/snail and shedding period fit the enhanced F. hepatica/G. truncatula transmission pattern at very high altitude. This indicates that the mule is able to maintain the F. hepatica cycle independently. Individual burdens of 20 and 97 flukes were found. Mule infection susceptibility is intermediate between donkey and horse, although closer to the latter. Anatomo-pathology and histopathology indicate that massive infection may cause mule death. Haematological value decreases of red blood cells, haemoglobin, leucocytes and lymphocytes indicate anaemia and strong immunosuppression. Strongly increased biochemical marker values indicate liver function alterations. The mule probably played a role in the past exchanges with Chile and Bolivia through Mendoza province. Evidence suggests that mules could contribute to the spread of both F. hepatica and G. truncatula to human fascioliasis-endemic areas in these countries.
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Bargues MD, Artigas P, Angles R, Osca D, Duran P, Buchon P, Gonzales-Pomar RK, Pinto-Mendieta J, Mas-Coma S. Genetic uniformity, geographical spread and anthropogenic habitat modifications of lymnaeid vectors found in a One Health initiative in the highest human fascioliasis hyperendemic of the Bolivian Altiplano. Parasit Vectors 2020; 13:171. [PMID: 32252808 PMCID: PMC7137187 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-020-04045-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2019] [Accepted: 03/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Fascioliasis is a snail-borne zoonotic trematodiasis emerging due to climate changes, anthropogenic environment modifications, and livestock movements. Many areas where Fasciola hepatica is endemic in humans have been described in Latin America altitude areas. Highest prevalences and intensities were reported from four provinces of the northern Bolivian Altiplano, where preventive chemotherapy is ongoing. New strategies are now incorporated to decrease infection/re-infection risk, assessment of human infection sources to enable efficient prevention measures, and additionally a One Health initiative in a selected zone. Subsequent extension of these pilot interventions to the remaining Altiplano is key. Methods To verify reproducibility throughout, 133 specimens from 25 lymnaeid populations representative of the whole Altiplano, and 11 used for population dynamics studies, were analyzed by rDNA ITS2 and ITS1 and mtDNA cox1 and 16S sequencing to assess their classification, variability and geographical spread. Results Lymnaeid populations proved to belong to a monomorphic group, Galba truncatula. Only a single cox1 mutation was found in a local population. Two cox1 haplotypes were new. Comparisons of transmission foci data from the 1990’s with those of 2018 demonstrated an endemic area expansion. Altitudinal, northward and southward expansions suggest movements of livestock transporting G. truncatula snails, with increasing temperatures transforming previously unsuitable habitats into suitable transmission areas. Transmission foci appear to be stable when compared to past field observations, except for those modified by human activities, including construction of new roads or control measures undertaken in relation to fascioliasis. Conclusions For a One Health initiative, the control of only one Fasciola species and snail vector species simplifies efforts because of the lower transmission complexity. Vector monomorphism suggests uniformity of vector population responses after control measure implementation. Hyperendemic area outer boundary instability suggests a climate change impact. All populations outside previously known boundaries were close to villages, human dwellings and/or schools, and should therefore be considered during disease control planning. The remarkable southward expansion implies that a fifth province, Aroma, should now be included within preventive chemotherapy programmes. This study highlights the need for lymnaeid molecular identification, transmission foci stability monitoring, and potential vector spread assessment.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- M Dolores Bargues
- Departamento de Parasitología, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Valencia, Av. Vicente Andrés Estellés s/n, Burjassot, 46100, Valencia, Spain.
| | - Patricio Artigas
- Departamento de Parasitología, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Valencia, Av. Vicente Andrés Estellés s/n, Burjassot, 46100, Valencia, Spain
| | - Rene Angles
- Cátedra de Parasitología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Mayor de San Andrés (UMSA), Av. Saavedra, Miraflores, La Paz, Bolivia
| | - David Osca
- Departamento de Parasitología, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Valencia, Av. Vicente Andrés Estellés s/n, Burjassot, 46100, Valencia, Spain
| | - Pamela Duran
- Departamento de Parasitología, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Valencia, Av. Vicente Andrés Estellés s/n, Burjassot, 46100, Valencia, Spain
| | - Paola Buchon
- Unidad de Limnología, Instituto de Ecología, Universidad Mayor de San Andrés (UMSA), Campus Universitario de Cota Cota, Calle 27, La Paz, Bolivia
| | - R Karina Gonzales-Pomar
- Unidad de Limnología, Instituto de Ecología, Universidad Mayor de San Andrés (UMSA), Campus Universitario de Cota Cota, Calle 27, La Paz, Bolivia
| | - Julio Pinto-Mendieta
- Unidad de Limnología, Instituto de Ecología, Universidad Mayor de San Andrés (UMSA), Campus Universitario de Cota Cota, Calle 27, La Paz, Bolivia
| | - Santiago Mas-Coma
- Departamento de Parasitología, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Valencia, Av. Vicente Andrés Estellés s/n, Burjassot, 46100, Valencia, Spain
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11
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Mahulu A, Clewing C, Stelbrink B, Chibwana FD, Tumwebaze I, Russell Stothard J, Albrecht C. Cryptic intermediate snail host of the liver fluke Fasciola hepatica in Africa. Parasit Vectors 2019; 12:573. [PMID: 31801595 PMCID: PMC6894237 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-019-3825-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2019] [Accepted: 11/23/2019] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Snails such as Galba truncatula are hosts for trematode flukes causing fascioliasis, a zoonosis that is a major public health problem. Galba truncatula has recently been shown to be a cryptic species complex. African populations of Galba spp. are not yet studied using molecular assessments and is imperative to do so and reconstruct the centre of origin of Galba and to understand when and by what means it may have colonized the highlands of Africa and to what extent humans might have been involved in that process. METHODS Samples from all known sub-ranges throughout Africa and new samples from Europe and Asia were obtained. We used a combination of two mitochondrial (cox1 and 16S) and one nuclear (ITS2) markers and phylogenetic, divergence time estimates and phylogeographical methods to determine the identity and biogeographical affinities. We also reconstructed the colonization history including the likely mode of dispersal and tested for the presence of cryptic Galba species in Africa. RESULTS Galba truncatula is restricted to the Palaearctic region of the continent, namely Morocco. All sub-Saharan populations proved to be a distinct species according to the phylogenetic analyses and genetic distance. We propose to use the existing name Galba mweruensis (Connolly, 1929) for this species which is morphologically indistinguishable from the other two species hitherto known to occur in northern Africa, i.e. G. truncatula and G. schirazensis. Sub-tropical Africa has been colonized only once in either the Pliocene and possibly Miocene. Diversification within G. mweruensis is dated to the Plio-Pleistocene and thus human-mediated dispersal can be ruled out for the initial colonization of the isolated mountain ranges. There are potentially even more cryptic species in high altitude areas of Africa as outlined by the distinctness of the population found at the top of Mt. Elgon, Uganda. CONCLUSIONS From a novel genetic inspection of available African material, a hitherto neglected distinct species, G. mweruensis, now appears a major host of F. hepatica throughout sub-Saharan Africa. A closer examination of trematode parasites hosted by this species is needed in order to understand transmission patterns in highlands throughout eastern and southern Africa. We encourage future studies to inspect other high altitudes areas in Africa in light of parasites of either veterinary or medical importance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Mahulu
- Department of Animal Ecology and Systematics, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Catharina Clewing
- Department of Animal Ecology and Systematics, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Björn Stelbrink
- Department of Animal Ecology and Systematics, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Zoological Institute, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Fred D. Chibwana
- Department of Animal Ecology and Systematics, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
- Department of Zoology, University of Dar es Salaam, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
| | - Immaculate Tumwebaze
- Department of Animal Ecology and Systematics, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - J. Russell Stothard
- Department of Tropical Disease Biology, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, UK
| | - Christian Albrecht
- Department of Animal Ecology and Systematics, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
- Department of Biology, Mbarara University of Science and Technology, Mbarara, Uganda
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12
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Banaee M, Sureda A, Taheri S, Hedayatzadeh F. Sub-lethal effects of dimethoate alone and in combination with cadmium on biochemical parameters in freshwater snail, Galba truncatula. Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2019; 220:62-70. [PMID: 30880276 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2019.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2019] [Revised: 03/05/2019] [Accepted: 03/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The objective of the present study was to evaluate the influence of the organophosphorus pesticide dimethoate and cadmium on biochemical parameters of a freshwater snail, Galba truncatula, in laboratory conditions. In 14 days, snails were exposed to 0, 100, 200, and 400 μg L-1 of dimethoate and 0.0 and 1000 μg L-1 of cadmium chloride. The results evidenced that dimethoate induces oxidative stress and alters biochemical parameters in freshwater snails. Cadmium also induced significant changes in biochemical parameters. The combination of the dimethoate and cadmium markedly increased the effects on G. truncatula. Dimethoate and cadmium mixture caused a decrease in Acetylcholinesterase (AChE), and Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PDH) activities, glycogen, and total antioxidant capacity (TAN) levels, and increased aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), and catalase (CAT) activities, and malondialdehyde (MDA) level in exposed snails. The increased toxicity and bioaccumulation of cadmium after the exposure to the highest concentration of dimethoate indicates a synergistic effect leading to a reduced performance of the detoxification system in the snail. Dimethoate contributed to the bioconcentration of cadmium in snails and increased its toxic effects evidenced in biomarkers of oxidative stress and cell damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahdi Banaee
- Department of Aquaculture, Faculty of Natural Resources and Environment, Behbahan Khatam Alanbia University of Technology, Iran.
| | - Antoni Sureda
- Research Group on Community Nutrition and Oxidative Stress, Department of Fundamental Biology and Health Sciences, CIBEROBN Fisiopatología de la Obesidad la Nutrición, University of Balearic Islands, 07122 Palma de Mallorca, Spain.
| | - Somayeh Taheri
- Department of Aquaculture, Faculty of Natural Resources and Environment, Behbahan Khatam Alanbia University of Technology, Iran
| | - Fariba Hedayatzadeh
- Department of Environment, Faculty of Natural Resources and Environment, Behbahan Khatam Alanbia University of Technology, Iran
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13
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Muñiz-Pareja FC, Iturbe-Espinoza PA. Effectiveness of Chaetogaster limnaei as a controller of Fasciola hepatica in experimental infections of Galba truncatula. Trop Parasitol 2018; 8:88-93. [PMID: 30693213 PMCID: PMC6329262 DOI: 10.4103/tp.tp_24_15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/18/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Chaetogaster limnaei is an annelid symbiotically associated with lymnaeid snails as Galba truncatula. This association is considered a preventive mechanism against trematode miracidia infection, including Fasciola hepatica. The objective of this study was to determine the effectiveness of Chaetogaster limnaei as a natural controller of Fasciola hepatica in laboratory conditions. Procedures: Fascsola hepatica miracidia were inoculated in parallel into snails carrying Chaetogaster limnaei and snails without the annelid. The degree of infection was measured after 40 days of exposure. Furthermore, the number of annelids per snail was quantified, as well as the ability of Chaetogaster limnaei to devour miracidia at different times of exposure. Results: An effective 70% natural control of Fasciola hepatica in Galba truncatula was observed. The carrying capacity of the snail was established to be of 10.6 ± 1 annelids. Chaetogaster limnaei is a predator of Fasciola hepatica devouring an average of 3.79 ± 0.21 miracidia. The results of these experiments have a potential value as a control measure against fascioliasis in the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Flavia Caroll Muñiz-Pareja
- Pedro Kouri Institute of Tropical Medicine, Havana, Cuba.,Department of Parasitology, Universidad Nacional de San Antonio Abad de Cusco, Perú.,Regional Parasitology Research Center Inka (CIPRI), Cusco, Peru
| | - Paul Adrian Iturbe-Espinoza
- Regional Parasitology Research Center Inka (CIPRI), Cusco, Peru.,Department of Genetics, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
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14
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Hodgkinson JE, Cwiklinski K, Beesley N, Hartley C, Allen K, Williams DJL. Clonal amplification of Fasciola hepatica in Galba truncatula: within and between isolate variation of triclabendazole-susceptible and -resistant clones. Parasit Vectors 2018; 11:363. [PMID: 29941045 PMCID: PMC6020221 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-018-2952-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2018] [Accepted: 06/13/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Fasciola hepatica is of worldwide significance, impacting on the health, welfare and productivity of livestock and regarded by WHO as a re-emerging zoonosis. Triclabendazole (TCBZ), the drug of choice for controlling acute fasciolosis in livestock, is also the drug used to treat human infections. However TCBZ-resistance is now considered a major threat to the effective control of F. hepatica. It has yet to be demonstrated whether F. hepatica undergoes a genetic clonal expansion in the snail intermediate host, Galba truncatula, and to what extent amplification of genotypes within the snail facilitates accumulation of drug resistant parasites. Little is known about genotypic and phenotypic variation within and between F. hepatica isolates. Results Six clonal isolates of F. hepatica (3× triclabendazole-resistant, TCBZ-R and 3× triclabendazole-susceptible, TCBZ-S) were generated. Snails infected with one miracidium started to shed cercariae 42–56 days post-infection and shed repeatedly up to a maximum of 11 times. A maximum of 884 cercariae were shed by one clonally-infected snail (FhLivS1) at a single time point, with > 3000 clonal metacercariae shed over its lifetime. Following experimental infection all 12 sheep were FEC positive at the time of TCBZ treatment. Sheep infected with one of three putative TCBZ-S clones and treated with TCBZ had no parasites in the liver at post-mortem, whilst sheep each infected with putative TCBZ-R isolates had 35–165 adult fluke at post-mortem, despite TCBZ treatment. All six untreated control animals had between 15–127 parasites. A single multi-locus genotype was reported for every fluke from each of the six clonal isolates. Adult F. hepatica showed considerable variation in weight, ranging from 20–280 mg, with variation in weight evident within and amongst clonal isolates. Conclusions A genetic clonal expansion occurs within G. truncatula, highlighting the potential for amplification of drug resistant genotypes of F. hepatica. Variation in the weight of parasites within and between clonal isolates and when comparing isolates that are either susceptible or resistant to TCBZ represent inherent variation in liver fluke and cannot be attributed to their resistance or susceptibility traits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jane E Hodgkinson
- Veterinary Parasitology, Dept Infection Biology, Institute of Infection and Global Health, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, L69 7ZJ, UK.
| | - Krystyna Cwiklinski
- Veterinary Parasitology, Dept Infection Biology, Institute of Infection and Global Health, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, L69 7ZJ, UK.,School of Biological Sciences, Medical Biology Centre, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, BT9 7BL, UK
| | - Nicola Beesley
- Veterinary Parasitology, Dept Infection Biology, Institute of Infection and Global Health, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, L69 7ZJ, UK
| | - Catherine Hartley
- Veterinary Parasitology, Dept Infection Biology, Institute of Infection and Global Health, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, L69 7ZJ, UK
| | - Katherine Allen
- Veterinary Parasitology, Dept Infection Biology, Institute of Infection and Global Health, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, L69 7ZJ, UK
| | - Diana J L Williams
- Veterinary Parasitology, Dept Infection Biology, Institute of Infection and Global Health, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, L69 7ZJ, UK
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15
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Jones RA, Brophy PM, Davis CN, Davies TE, Emberson H, Rees Stevens P, Williams HW. Detection of Galba truncatula, Fasciola hepatica and Calicophoron daubneyi environmental DNA within water sources on pasture land, a future tool for fluke control? Parasit Vectors 2018; 11:342. [PMID: 29884202 PMCID: PMC5994096 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-018-2928-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2018] [Accepted: 06/01/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Increasing trematode prevalence and disease occurrence in livestock is a major concern. With the global spread of anthelmintic resistant trematodes, future control strategies must incorporate approaches focusing on avoidance of infection. The reliance of trematodes on intermediate snail hosts to successfully complete their life-cycle means livestock infections are linked to the availability of respective snail populations. By identifying intermediate snail host habitats, infection risk models may be strengthened whilst farmers may confidently apply pasture management strategies to disrupt the trematode life-cycle. However, accurately identifying and mapping these risk areas is challenging. Methods In this study, environmental DNA (eDNA) assays were designed to reveal Galba truncatula, Fasciola hepatica and Calicophoron daubneyi presence within water sources on pasture land. eDNA was captured using a filter-based protocol, with DNA extracted using the DNeasy® PowerSoil® kit and amplified via PCR. In total, 19 potential G. truncatula habitats were analysed on four farms grazed by livestock infected with both F. hepatica and C. daubneyi. Results Galba truncatula eDNA was identified in 10/10 habitats where the snail was detected by eye. Galba truncatula eDNA was also identified in four further habitats where the snail was not physically detected. Fasciola hepatica and C. daubneyi eDNA was also identified in 5/19 and 8/19 habitats, respectively. Conclusions This study demonstrated that eDNA assays have the capabilities of detecting G. truncatula, F. hepatica and C. daubneyi DNA in the environment. Further assay development will be required for a field test capable of identifying and quantifying F. hepatica and C. daubneyi infection risk areas, to support future control strategies. An eDNA test would also be a powerful new tool for epidemiological investigations of parasite infections on farms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rhys Aled Jones
- Institute of Biological, Environmental and Rural Sciences (IBERS), Aberystwyth University, Aberystwyth, Ceredigion, Wales, UK
| | - Peter M Brophy
- Institute of Biological, Environmental and Rural Sciences (IBERS), Aberystwyth University, Aberystwyth, Ceredigion, Wales, UK
| | - Chelsea N Davis
- Institute of Biological, Environmental and Rural Sciences (IBERS), Aberystwyth University, Aberystwyth, Ceredigion, Wales, UK
| | - Teri E Davies
- Institute of Biological, Environmental and Rural Sciences (IBERS), Aberystwyth University, Aberystwyth, Ceredigion, Wales, UK
| | - Holly Emberson
- Institute of Biological, Environmental and Rural Sciences (IBERS), Aberystwyth University, Aberystwyth, Ceredigion, Wales, UK
| | - Pauline Rees Stevens
- Institute of Biological, Environmental and Rural Sciences (IBERS), Aberystwyth University, Aberystwyth, Ceredigion, Wales, UK
| | - Hefin Wyn Williams
- Institute of Biological, Environmental and Rural Sciences (IBERS), Aberystwyth University, Aberystwyth, Ceredigion, Wales, UK.
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16
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Moazeni M, Ahmadi A, Mootabi Alavi A. A new method for laboratory rearing of Galba truncatula, the intermediate host of Fasciola hepatica. Vet Parasitol 2018; 253:12-15. [PMID: 29604994 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2018.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2016] [Revised: 07/16/2017] [Accepted: 02/02/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
In this study a relatively large and open top aquarium was designed, constructed and introduced as a suitable habitat for nutrition, growth and development as well as for egg laying and breeding of Galba truncatula under laboratory conditions. The soil and water used in the aquarium were collected from the locality in which the snails were collected. The aquarium was placed in a laboratory with temperature of 18-32 ºC and relative humidity of 22-37% respectively, according to the season. The artificial light was controlled by a light timer, giving 12 h of light and 12 h of darkness. The snails were fed with dried lettuce leaves, Cyperus alternifolius (aquatic plant), Spirulina (algae), Orthotrichum rupestre (moss) and cuttlebone (a supplementary source of calcium). Approximately five weeks after the start of study, there was evidence of reproduction and success in rearing of G. truncatula by the appearance of eggs and small snails (0.1-0.5 mm) in the aquarium. In conclusion, large scale laboratory rearing of G. truncatula is a feasible task. The method may be improved by balancing the temperature and relative humidity as well as by optimizing the soil type, the water quality and the type of food.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Moazeni
- Department of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran.
| | - Amin Ahmadi
- Department of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Amir Mootabi Alavi
- Department of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
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17
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Correa AC, De Meeûs T, Dreyfuss G, Rondelaud D, Hurtrez-Boussès S. Galba truncatula and Fasciola hepatica: Genetic costructures and interactions with intermediate host dispersal. Infect Genet Evol 2017; 55:186-194. [PMID: 28917540 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2017.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2017] [Revised: 09/12/2017] [Accepted: 09/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/07/2022]
Abstract
Antagonistic interactions between hosts and parasites are key structuring forces in natural populations. Demographic factors like extinction, migration and the effective population size shape host-parasite metapopulational dynamics. Therefore, to understand the evolution of host-parasite systems it is necessary to study the distribution of the genetic variation of both entities simultaneously. In this paper, we investigate the population genetics co-structure of parasites and hosts within a metapopulation of the liver fluke, Fasciola hepatica, and two of its intermediate hosts, the main intermediate host in Europe, Galba truncatula, and a new intermediate host, Omphiscola glabra, in Central France. Our results reveal an absence of specificity of flukes as regard to the two alternative hosts though O. glabra shows higher prevalence of F. hepatica. Host and parasites displayed contrasting population genetics structure with very small, highly inbred (selfing) and strongly isolated G. truncatula populations and much bigger, panmictic and more dispersive F. hepatica. This could indicate a local adaptation of the parasite and a local maladaptation of the host. We also unveil a parasite-mediated biased population genetics structure suggesting that infected G. truncatula disperse more; have higher dispersal survival than uninfected snails or, more likely, that immigrant snails are infected more often than local snails (local parasites are less adapted to local hosts). Finally, an absence, or at least an ambiguous signature of isolation by distance was observed in both host and parasite population. A very weak migration rate for G. truncatula provides a reasonable explanation for this ambiguous result. Alternatively, smaller sample sizes combined with modest migration rates might explain the difficulties to unveil the signal in F. hepatica.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana C Correa
- Mivegec UMR UM, CNRS 5290 - IRD 224 Maladies Infectieuses et Vecteurs: Ecologie, Génétique, Evolution et Contrôle, Centre IRD, BP 64501, 34394 Montpellier Cedex 5, France
| | - Thierry De Meeûs
- IRD, UMR Interactions hôtes - vecteurs - parasites dans les infections par des trypanosomatidae - (Intertryp) UMR IRD 177, CIRAD 17, TA A-17/G, Campus International de Baillarguet, 34398 Montpellier Cedex 5, France.
| | - Gilles Dreyfuss
- Inserm 1094, Facultés de Médecine et de Pharmacie, Limoges, 2 Rue du Docteur Raymond Marcland, 87025 Limoges, France
| | - Daniel Rondelaud
- Inserm 1094, Facultés de Médecine et de Pharmacie, Limoges, 2 Rue du Docteur Raymond Marcland, 87025 Limoges, France
| | - Sylvie Hurtrez-Boussès
- Mivegec UMR UM, CNRS 5290 - IRD 224 Maladies Infectieuses et Vecteurs: Ecologie, Génétique, Evolution et Contrôle, Centre IRD, BP 64501, 34394 Montpellier Cedex 5, France; Département de Biologie-Ecologie, Faculté des Sciences, Université Montpellier, 34095 Montpellier Cedex 5, France
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Ohari Y, Hayashi K, Mohanta UK, Kuwahara Y, Itagaki T. First report of Fasciola larva infection in Galba truncatula (Müller, 1774) (Gastropoda, Lymnaeidae) occurring in the natural environment in Hokkaido, Japan. J Vet Med Sci 2017; 79:1381-1383. [PMID: 28701625 PMCID: PMC5573825 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.17-0215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
In Hokkaido, Japan, wild sika deer are highly infected with Fasciola
flukes, suggesting that the flukes complete their life cycle via intermediate host snails
and definitive host animals occurring in the natural environment. However, infected snails
have been found only in cattle farms contaminated with fasciolosis. This study reports the
first Fasciola larva infection in Galba truncatula
snails occurring in the Shoro and Atsuma rivers in the natural environment. Molecular
analysis revealed that the nad1 haplotype of the larvae was consistent
with that of Fasciola adults obtained from sika deer in Hokkaido. These
results indicated that Fasciola flukes complete their life cycle via
G. truncatula and sika deer occurring in the natural environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuma Ohari
- Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitology, Faculty of Agriculture, Iwate University, 3-18-8 Ueda, Morioka 020-8550, Japan.,Department of Pathogenetic Veterinary Science, United Graduate School of Veterinary Sciences, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu 501-1193, Japan
| | - Kei Hayashi
- Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitology, Faculty of Agriculture, Iwate University, 3-18-8 Ueda, Morioka 020-8550, Japan.,Department of Pathogenetic Veterinary Science, United Graduate School of Veterinary Sciences, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu 501-1193, Japan
| | - Uday Kumar Mohanta
- Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitology, Faculty of Agriculture, Iwate University, 3-18-8 Ueda, Morioka 020-8550, Japan.,Department of Pathogenetic Veterinary Science, United Graduate School of Veterinary Sciences, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu 501-1193, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Kuwahara
- Abashiri Fisheries Research Institute, Hokkaido Research Organization, 31 Masuura, Abashiri, Hokkaido 099-3119, Japan
| | - Tadashi Itagaki
- Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitology, Faculty of Agriculture, Iwate University, 3-18-8 Ueda, Morioka 020-8550, Japan.,Department of Pathogenetic Veterinary Science, United Graduate School of Veterinary Sciences, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu 501-1193, Japan
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19
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Chawech R, Njeh F, Hamed N, Damak M, Ayadi A, Hammami H, Mezghani-Jarraya R. A study of the molluscicidal and larvicidal activities of Citrullus colocynthis (L.) leaf extract and its main cucurbitacins against the mollusc Galba truncatula, intermediate host of Fasciola hepatica. Pest Manag Sci 2017; 73:1473-1477. [PMID: 27862897 DOI: 10.1002/ps.4479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2016] [Revised: 10/27/2016] [Accepted: 11/04/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The molluscicidal and larvicidal activities of the medicinal plant Citrullus colocynthis leaf extracts and its main cucurbitacins were tested against the mollusc gastropod Galba truncatula, the intermediate host of Fasciola hepatica. RESULTS Our findings proved for the first time that the molluscicidal activity was correlated with the presence of terpenoids. A significant molluscicidal value was found in the ethyl acetate extract (LC50 = 12.6 mg L-1 ). Further fractionation of this extract led to the isolation of two main compounds identified to cucurbitacin E 1 and 2-O-β-d-glucocucurbitacin E 2. Their molluscicidal activities were also investigated and they possessed close activities with LC50 = 9.55 and 10.61 mg L-1 for compounds 2 and 1, respectively. CONCLUSION The ethyl acetate extract and both pure compounds proved the highest larvicidal activities, with a deterioration rate exceeding 89.2% (89.2-100%) and with no toxic effects against associated fauna. © 2016 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachid Chawech
- Laboratory of Chemistry of Natural Substances, Faculty of Sciences, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Fatma Njeh
- Laboratory of Chemistry of Natural Substances, Faculty of Sciences, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Nejia Hamed
- Fungal and Parasitic Molecular Biology Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Mohamed Damak
- Laboratory of Chemistry of Natural Substances, Faculty of Sciences, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Ali Ayadi
- Fungal and Parasitic Molecular Biology Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Hayet Hammami
- Fungal and Parasitic Molecular Biology Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Raoudha Mezghani-Jarraya
- Laboratory of Chemistry of Natural Substances, Faculty of Sciences, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
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20
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Innocent GT, Gilbert L, Jones EO, McLeod JE, Gunn G, McKendrick IJ, Albon SD. Combining Slaughterhouse Surveillance Data with Cattle Tracing Scheme and Environmental Data to Quantify Environmental Risk Factors for Liver Fluke in Cattle. Front Vet Sci 2017; 4:65. [PMID: 28534030 PMCID: PMC5421147 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2017.00065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2017] [Accepted: 04/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Liver fluke infection causes serious disease (fasciolosis) in cattle and sheep in many regions of the world, resulting in production losses and additional economic consequences due to condemnation of the liver at slaughter. Liver fluke depends on mud snails as an intermediate host and infect livestock when ingested through grazing. Therefore, environmental factors play important roles in infection risk and climate change is likely to modify this. Here, we demonstrate how slaughterhouse data can be integrated with other data, including animal movement and climate variables to identify environmental risk factors for liver fluke in cattle in Scotland. We fitted a generalized linear mixed model to the data, with exposure-weighted random and fixed effects, an approach which takes into account the amount of time cattle spent at different locations, exposed to different levels of risk. This enabled us to identify an increased risk of liver fluke with increased animal age, rainfall, and temperature and for farms located further to the West, in excess of the risk associated with a warmer, wetter climate. This model explained 45% of the variability in liver fluke between farms, suggesting that the unexplained 55% was due to factors not included in the model, such as differences in on-farm management and presence of wet habitats. This approach demonstrates the value of statistically integrating routinely recorded slaughterhouse data with other pre-existing data, creating a powerful approach to quantify disease risks in production animals. Furthermore, this approach can be used to better quantify the impact of projected climate change on liver fluke risk for future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Edward O Jones
- The James Hutton Institute, Aberdeen, UK.,Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | | | - George Gunn
- Future Farming Systems, R&D Division, SRUC, An Lòchran - Inverness Campus, Inverness, UK
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21
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Jones RA, Williams HW, Dalesman S, Ayodeji S, Thomas RK, Brophy PM. The prevalence and development of digenean parasites within their intermediate snail host, Galba truncatula, in a geographic area where the presence of Calicophoron daubneyi has recently been confirmed. Vet Parasitol 2017; 240:68-74. [PMID: 28385538 PMCID: PMC5469397 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2017.03.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2017] [Revised: 03/22/2017] [Accepted: 03/23/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
C. daubneyi, F. hepatica and H. cylindracea all commonly infect UK G. truncatula. C. daubneyi may be less adept at infecting and developing in UK G. truncatula. Paramphistomosis risk in the UK may increase if C. daubneyi can adapt to this host. Evidence of interactions between digenean species infecting G. truncatula.
During the past decade, rumen fluke (Calicophoron daubneyi) has established as a prominent parasite of livestock within numerous European countries. Its development and spread is enabled by the presence of its intermediate snail host G. truncatula. However, the dynamics of this stage of the C. daubneyi lifecycle is yet to be recorded in numerous northern European countries including the UK. Here, the prevalence of C. daubneyi along with F. hepatica, H. cylindracea and other parasites infecting G. truncatula snails on 10 Welsh farms was recorded using morphological and PCR techniques. A total of 892 G. truncatula snails were collected between May and October 2016. The prevalence of C. daubneyi in sampled G. truncatula snails (4%) was lower compared to F. hepatica (5.6%). No association in prevalence between these species was recorded. Haplometra cylindracea was found infecting 8.2% of G. truncatula snails, with its prevalence within G. truncatula populations negatively associated with F. hepatica cercariae prevalence (P = 0.004). Generalized estimation equation (GEE) linear regression models identified the levels of respective fluke eggs shed onto pasture as the main significant association between prevalence levels of both C. daubneyi and F. hepatica within G. truncatula populations (P < 0.001). However, equivalent prevalence levels of C. daubneyi and F. hepatica within G. truncatula populations were associated with higher C. daubneyi egg outputs and lower F. hepatica egg outputs from livestock grazing the G. truncatula habitats. Only one of 36C. daubneyi infected G. truncatula snails was found harbouring its cercarial stages, a significantly lower proportion compared to the 29 of 50 F. hepatica infected G. truncatula harbouring its respective cercariae (P < 0.05). These results signify that C. daubneyi may be less adept at infecting and developing in the UK’s native G. truncatula populations in comparison with F. hepatica. However, C. daubneyi has previously demonstrated its ability to progressively adapt to an intermediate host in a new environment. If C. daubneyi were to adapt to infect and develop more efficiently in UK G. truncatula populations, paramphistomosis risk would significantly increase leading to increased livestock losses. Questions are also raised regarding potential interaction between digenean species at intermediate snail host level, which could impact subsequent livestock trematodosis risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rhys Aled Jones
- Institute of Biological, Environmental and Rural Sciences (IBERS), Aberystwyth University, Penglais, Aberystwyth, Ceredigion, SY23 3DA, UK
| | - Hefin Wyn Williams
- Institute of Biological, Environmental and Rural Sciences (IBERS), Aberystwyth University, Penglais, Aberystwyth, Ceredigion, SY23 3DA, UK
| | - Sarah Dalesman
- Institute of Biological, Environmental and Rural Sciences (IBERS), Aberystwyth University, Penglais, Aberystwyth, Ceredigion, SY23 3DA, UK
| | - Sinmidele Ayodeji
- Institute of Biological, Environmental and Rural Sciences (IBERS), Aberystwyth University, Penglais, Aberystwyth, Ceredigion, SY23 3DA, UK
| | - Rowan K Thomas
- Institute of Biological, Environmental and Rural Sciences (IBERS), Aberystwyth University, Penglais, Aberystwyth, Ceredigion, SY23 3DA, UK
| | - Peter M Brophy
- Institute of Biological, Environmental and Rural Sciences (IBERS), Aberystwyth University, Penglais, Aberystwyth, Ceredigion, SY23 3DA, UK.
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22
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Iglesias-Piñeiro J, González-Warleta M, Castro-Hermida JA, Córdoba M, González-Lanza C, Manga-González Y, Mezo M. Transmission of Calicophoron daubneyi and Fasciola hepatica in Galicia (Spain): Temporal follow-up in the intermediate and definitive hosts. Parasit Vectors 2016; 9:610. [PMID: 27894356 PMCID: PMC5126829 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-016-1892-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2016] [Accepted: 11/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Paramphistomosis caused by Calicophoron daubneyi and fasciolosis caused by Fasciola hepatica are common parasitic diseases of livestock animals. Transmission of the diseases depends on the presence of intermediate hosts, i.e. freshwater gastropods such as lymnaeids. We carried out a 2-year-long study of the dynamics of the snail population acting as the intermediate host for these parasites, considering the population structure in terms of size/age and infection status. In addition, we determined the kinetics of trematode egg excretion in grazing cows. Generalized Additive Models (GAMs) were used to analyze the associations between different response variables and snail size, sampling month and weather-related variables. Results Of the molluscan species examined, Galba truncatula, Radix peregra, Anisus (Anisus) leucostoma and Pisidium casertanum (n = 2802), only G. truncatula was infected with C. daubneyi or F. hepatica, at prevalence rates of 8.2% and 4.4% respectively. The probability of infection with C. daubneyi or F. hepatica was linearly related to snail size, although in different ways (negative for C. daubneyi and positive for F. hepatica). The total snail population increased in winter, when specimens of all size classes were found. Infected snails were more abundant during spring-autumn. Mature cercariae of both parasites were found in most seasons. In the statistical models, the sampling month accounted for a high percentage (71.9–78.2%) of the observed variability in snail abundance. The inclusion of climatic variables in the models moderately increased the percentage of deviance explained (77.7–91.9%). Excretion of C. daubneyi eggs in cow faeces was always higher than that of F. hepatica eggs. Conclusions Particular care should be taken to prevent pastures and the surrounding environment being contaminated with parasite eggs during winter-spring, when the number of snails susceptible to miracidial infections is maximal. This is therefore the optimal time for treating grazing animals. Nevertheless, control of trematodosis based only on chemotherapy is difficult in an area such as the study area, where environmental factors favour the regular appearance of snail populations harbouring mature cercariae. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13071-016-1892-8) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier Iglesias-Piñeiro
- Departamento de Zooloxía, Xenética e Antropoloxía Física, Facultade de Bioloxía, Campus Vida, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15706, Santiago de Compostela (A Coruña), Spain
| | - Marta González-Warleta
- Laboratorio de Parasitología, Centro de Investigaciones Agrarias de Mabegondo, Instituto Galego de Calidade Alimentaria-Xunta de Galicia, Carretera AC-542 de Betanzos a Mesón do Vento, Km 7, 15318, Abegondo (A Coruña), Spain
| | - José Antonio Castro-Hermida
- Laboratorio de Parasitología, Centro de Investigaciones Agrarias de Mabegondo, Instituto Galego de Calidade Alimentaria-Xunta de Galicia, Carretera AC-542 de Betanzos a Mesón do Vento, Km 7, 15318, Abegondo (A Coruña), Spain
| | - María Córdoba
- Department of Crop and Soil Science, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, 97331, USA
| | - Camino González-Lanza
- Departamento de Sanidad Animal, Instituto de Ganadería de Montaña, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)-ULE, 24346, Grulleros (León), Spain
| | - Yolanda Manga-González
- Departamento de Sanidad Animal, Instituto de Ganadería de Montaña, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)-ULE, 24346, Grulleros (León), Spain
| | - Mercedes Mezo
- Laboratorio de Parasitología, Centro de Investigaciones Agrarias de Mabegondo, Instituto Galego de Calidade Alimentaria-Xunta de Galicia, Carretera AC-542 de Betanzos a Mesón do Vento, Km 7, 15318, Abegondo (A Coruña), Spain.
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23
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Abstract
Infection of livestock with Fasciola hepatica is a worldwide, economically important and increasing problem. Even though, bovine fasciolosis can be a disease associated with particular regions, there are usually epidemiological issues on individual farms. For this reason, it is recommended to find the source of infection by examination of definite hosts and pastures on a farm. The following factors which promote the transmission of bovine fasciolosis are usually found: (A) Snail habitats are present on pastures used for young stock (prior to first calving) or dry cows only. Pastures for dairy cows are not affected. (B) Snail habitats are present on all pastures for dairy cows. (C) Snail habitats are present on single pastures used for dairy cows. (D) Snail habitats are present on hayfields. For each of these epidemiological situations an individual control strategy is advised. When a control strategy is tailored according to the specific epidemiology found on the individual farm, egg shedding and F. hepatica-seroprevalence can be reduced significantly. This approach can support the responsible use of the available flukicides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela Knubben-Schweizer
- Clinic for Ruminants with Ambulatory and Herd Health Services at the Centre for Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Sonnenstrasse 16, 85764 Oberschleissheim, Germany.
| | - Paul R Torgerson
- Section of Epidemiology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 270, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
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Novobilský A, Engström A, Sollenberg S, Gustafsson K, Morrison DA, Höglund J. Transmission patterns of Fasciola hepatica to ruminants in Sweden. Vet Parasitol 2014; 203:276-86. [PMID: 24818749 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2014.04.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2013] [Revised: 04/03/2014] [Accepted: 04/12/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Transmission patterns of Fasciola hepatica were investigated on beef cattle (n=3) and sheep (n=3) farms in Sweden between 2011 and 2012. The dynamics of fluke infection, particularly estimated time of infection, were screened each grazing season by ELISA detection of antibodies in lambs (n=94) and first grazing season calves (n=61). Colostral transfer of F. hepatica antibodies from seropositive ewes was detected in sheep up to 11 weeks of age. In sheep, the estimated time of infection differed significantly between herds and years. Typical 'winter infection' was observed on two sheep farms in 2012, but the most prevalent transmission pattern was found to be 'summer infection', characterised by infection of animals in late summer by F. hepatica originating from overwintered and/or spring-excreted eggs. In contrast, beef calves were infected mainly in September-October ('summer infection'). Furthermore, lymnaeid and succineid snails were collected on the pastures used by these animals both in spring and in the autumn each year. In total, 1726, 588, 138, 130, 93 and 42 specimens of Galba truncatula, Lymnaea palustris, Lymnaea glabra, Lymnaea fuscus, Radix peregra and Succinea putris, respectively, were collected and identified. These were subsequently examined for the presence of F. hepatica DNA by species-specific PCR and the findings compared against mean monthly rainfall and temperature data for each farm. The main intermediate host of the liver fluke was G. truncatula, with a prevalence range of F. hepatica infection from 0% to 82%. Only 1 out of 42 terrestrial S. putris tested positive for F. hepatica, casting doubt on the role of this species in transmission of F. hepatica in Sweden. In conclusion, two main peak periods of infection were observed: May-June (from overwintered infected snails='winter infection') and August-September (from metacercariae developed and produced by snails during summer='summer infection'). The occurrence and frequency of 'winter infection' were dependent on local environmental factors such as snail habitat availability or grazing behaviour of animals, rather than on climatic factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam Novobilský
- Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), Department of Biomedical Sciences and Veterinary Public Health, Section for Parasitology, 750 07 Uppsala, Sweden.
| | - Annie Engström
- Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), Department of Biomedical Sciences and Veterinary Public Health, Section for Parasitology, 750 07 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Sofia Sollenberg
- Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), Department of Biomedical Sciences and Veterinary Public Health, Section for Parasitology, 750 07 Uppsala, Sweden
| | | | - David A Morrison
- Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), Department of Biomedical Sciences and Veterinary Public Health, Section for Parasitology, 750 07 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Johan Höglund
- Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), Department of Biomedical Sciences and Veterinary Public Health, Section for Parasitology, 750 07 Uppsala, Sweden
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