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Chiang SC, Bai S. Adolescent Emotional Reactivity in Family and School Contexts: Prospective Links to Adolescent Psychopathology. Res Child Adolesc Psychopathol 2024:10.1007/s10802-024-01241-6. [PMID: 39225957 DOI: 10.1007/s10802-024-01241-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/14/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
Emotional reactivity has been linked to adolescent psychopathology and mental health problems. However, limited research has investigated the distinct associations between emotional reactivity in multiple interpersonal contexts and the development of adolescent psychopathology. The current study examined emotional reactivity to interparental conflict, parent-adolescent conflict, and school problems as predictors of adolescent internalizing problems, depressive symptoms, and anxiety symptoms six months later. The sample included 139 adolescents (54% girls; Mage = 13.30, SDage = 0.73) and their parents who completed 10-day daily reports and 6-month follow-up assessments in Taiwan. Results showed that negative emotional reactivity to interparental conflict was associated with increased internalizing problems, depressive symptoms, and anxiety symptoms, after controlling for emotional reactivity to parent-adolescent conflict and school problems, outcomes at baseline, mean negative emotions, and sex. Furthermore, the associations between both positive and negative emotional reactivity to interparental conflict and adolescent anxiety symptoms was stronger for girls than boys. Findings suggested that heightened emotional reactivity to interparental conflict is a risk factor for predicting adolescent psychopathology, especially for girls' anxiety symptoms. Results highlight the importance of emotional reactivity across multiple interpersonal contexts in adolescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shou-Chun Chiang
- Department of Human Development and Family Sciences, Texas Tech University, 1301 Akron Ave rm 507, Lubbock, TX, 79415, USA.
- Department of Human Development and Family Studies, The Pennsylvania State University, 133 Health and Human Development Building, University Park, Pennsylvania, 16802, USA.
| | - Sunhye Bai
- The Ballmer Institute, University of Oregon, 5262 University of Oregon, Eugene, OR, 97403, USA
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2
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Abstract
Despite the importance of emotions in our daily lives, less is known about the role of emotional reactivity in suicidal risk. This brief study investigated whether emotional reactivity is associated with adolescent suicidal ideation six months later. Participants were 139 adolescents (55% female; Mage = 12.79, SDage = 0.73) who completed baseline assessments, a 10-day daily diary protocol, and six-month follow-up assessments. Results showed that higher emotional reactivity indicated by increased negative emotions and decreased positive emotions was associated with a greater risk for suicidal ideation. The findings suggest that adolescents with greater emotional reactivity to daily school problems had elevated risks for suicidal ideation. This study supports the importance of emotional reactivity in daily life for preventing adolescent suicidal ideation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shou-Chun Chiang
- Department of Human Development and Family Studies, The Pennsylvania State University
| | - Wan-Chen Chen
- Department of Education, National Chengchi University
| | - Li-Tuan Chou
- Department Human Development and Family Studies, National Taiwan Normal University
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3
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Tsotsi S, Borelli JL, Backer M, Veragoo N, Abdulla N, Tan KH, Chong YS, Chen H, Meaney MJ, Broekman B, Rifkin-Graboi A. Preschoolers' emotion reactivity and regulation: Links with maternal psychological distress and child behavior problems. Dev Psychopathol 2023; 35:1079-1091. [PMID: 34779373 DOI: 10.1017/s0954579421000936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Maladaptive offspring emotion regulation has been identified as one pathway linking maternal and child psychological well-being in school-aged children. Whether such a pathway is present earlier in life still remains unclear. The present study investigated the role of preschoolers' emotion reactivity and regulation in the association between maternal psychological distress and child internalizing and externalizing problems. Children's emotion reactivity and regulation were assessed through both observed behavior and physiology. At 42 months of age, children (n = 251; 128 girls) completed a fear induction task during which their heart-rate variability was assessed and their behavior was monitored, and maternal self-reports on depressive mood and anxiety were collected. At 48 months mothers and fathers reported on their children's internalizing and externalizing problems. Higher maternal depressive mood was associated with lower child fear-related reactivity and regulation, as indexed by heart-rate variability. The latter mediated the association between higher maternal depressive mood and higher preschoolers' externalizing problems. Overall, our findings support the role of preschoolers' emotion reactivity and regulation in the relationship between maternal psychological distress and children's socio-emotional difficulties. This role may also depend on the discrete emotion to which children react or seek to regulate as, here, we only assessed fear-related reactivity and regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stella Tsotsi
- 1PROMENTA Research Centre, Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Jessica L Borelli
- 2Department of Psychology and Social Behavior, School of Social Ecologgy, University of California, Irvine, USA
| | - Mumtaz Backer
- 3Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Agency of Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Noraini Veragoo
- 3Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Agency of Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Nurshuhadah Abdulla
- 3Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Agency of Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Kok Hian Tan
- 4Department of Psychological Medicine, Kandang Kerbau Women and Children's Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Yap Seng Chong
- 3Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Agency of Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore
- 5Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore and National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Helen Chen
- 4Department of Psychological Medicine, Kandang Kerbau Women and Children's Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
- 6Faculty of Pediatrics, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Michael J Meaney
- 7Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, Québec, Canada
| | - Birit Broekman
- 8Department of Psychiatry, OLVG and Amsterdam UMC, VU University, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Anne Rifkin-Graboi
- 9Centre for Research in Child Development, National Institute of Education, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
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Shen J, Sun R, Xu J, Dai Y, Li W, Liu H, Fang X. Patterns and predictors of adolescent life change during the COVID-19 pandemic: a person-centered approach. CURRENT PSYCHOLOGY 2023; 42:2514-2528. [PMID: 34539155 PMCID: PMC8435363 DOI: 10.1007/s12144-021-02204-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The present study investigated patterns of adolescent life changes across multiple life domains and utilized a holistic-interactionistic perspective to examine their individual, familial, and societal correlates with a sample of 2544 Chinese parent-adolescent dyads. Adolescents were aged from 10 to 19 years old (50.16% girls). Latent profile analysis revealed five life change profiles, including three improved profiles at various degrees, one unchanged profile, and one worsened profile. The majority of adolescents had an improved or unchanged life. Multinomial logistic regression analyses found that most of the individual, familial, and societal factors predicted the group memberships. Notably, parent-adolescent conflict was a significant factor that predicted memberships of all patterns. These findings show the resilience of adolescents and indicate the need for policies and interventions that consider the holistic nature of adolescents' person-context system, especially during a global crisis such as the COVID-19 pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingyi Shen
- Institute of Developmental Psychology, Beijing Normal University, No. 19 Xin Jie Kou Wai Street, Hai Dian District, Beijing, 100875 China
- Research Center for High School Student Developmental Guidance, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Ruixi Sun
- Institute of Developmental Psychology, Beijing Normal University, No. 19 Xin Jie Kou Wai Street, Hai Dian District, Beijing, 100875 China
- Research Center for High School Student Developmental Guidance, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Jianjie Xu
- Faculty of Psychology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Yingying Dai
- Institute of Developmental Psychology, Beijing Normal University, No. 19 Xin Jie Kou Wai Street, Hai Dian District, Beijing, 100875 China
- Research Center for High School Student Developmental Guidance, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Wanping Li
- Institute of Developmental Psychology, Beijing Normal University, No. 19 Xin Jie Kou Wai Street, Hai Dian District, Beijing, 100875 China
- Research Center for High School Student Developmental Guidance, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Hang Liu
- Institute of Developmental Psychology, Beijing Normal University, No. 19 Xin Jie Kou Wai Street, Hai Dian District, Beijing, 100875 China
| | - Xiaoyi Fang
- Institute of Developmental Psychology, Beijing Normal University, No. 19 Xin Jie Kou Wai Street, Hai Dian District, Beijing, 100875 China
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5
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Black M, Barnes A, Strong M, Brook A, Ray A, Holden B, Foster C, Taylor-Robinson D. Relationships between Child Development at School Entry and Adolescent Health-A Participatory Systematic Review. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:11613. [PMID: 34770127 PMCID: PMC8582847 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph182111613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2021] [Revised: 10/21/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The relationship between child development and adolescent health, and how this may be modified by socio-economic conditions, is poorly understood. This limits cross-sector interventions to address adolescent health inequality. This review summarises evidence on the associations between child development at school starting age and subsequent health in adolescence and identifies factors affecting associations. We undertook a participatory systematic review, searching electronic databases (MEDLINE, PsycINFO, ASSIA and ERIC) for articles published between November 1990 and November 2020. Observational, intervention and review studies reporting a measure of child development and subsequent health outcomes, specifically weight and mental health, were included. Studies were individually and collectively assessed for quality using a comparative rating system of stronger, weaker, inconsistent or limited evidence. Associations between child development and adolescent health outcomes were assessed and reported by four domains of child development (socio-emotional, cognitive, language and communication, and physical development). A conceptual diagram, produced with stakeholders at the outset of the study, acted as a framework for narrative synthesis of factors that modify or mediate associations. Thirty-four studies were included. Analysis indicated stronger evidence of associations between measures of socio-emotional development and subsequent mental health and weight outcomes; in particular, positive associations between early externalising behaviours and later internalising and externalising, and negative associations between emotional wellbeing and later internalising and unhealthy weight. For all other domains of child development, although associations with subsequent health were positive, the evidence was either weaker, inconsistent or limited. There was limited evidence on factors that altered associations. Positive socio-emotional development at school starting age appears particularly important for subsequent mental health and weight in adolescence. More collaborative research across health and education is needed on other domains of development and on the mechanisms that link development and later health, and on how any relationship is modified by socio-economic context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle Black
- School of Health and Related Research, The University of Sheffield, Regent Court, 30 Regent Street, Sheffield S1 4DA, UK; (A.B.); (M.S.); (A.B.); (B.H.); (C.F.)
| | - Amy Barnes
- School of Health and Related Research, The University of Sheffield, Regent Court, 30 Regent Street, Sheffield S1 4DA, UK; (A.B.); (M.S.); (A.B.); (B.H.); (C.F.)
| | - Mark Strong
- School of Health and Related Research, The University of Sheffield, Regent Court, 30 Regent Street, Sheffield S1 4DA, UK; (A.B.); (M.S.); (A.B.); (B.H.); (C.F.)
| | - Anna Brook
- School of Health and Related Research, The University of Sheffield, Regent Court, 30 Regent Street, Sheffield S1 4DA, UK; (A.B.); (M.S.); (A.B.); (B.H.); (C.F.)
| | - Anna Ray
- Department of Health Sciences, University of York, Seebohm Rowntree Building, Heslington, York YO10 5DD, UK;
| | - Ben Holden
- School of Health and Related Research, The University of Sheffield, Regent Court, 30 Regent Street, Sheffield S1 4DA, UK; (A.B.); (M.S.); (A.B.); (B.H.); (C.F.)
| | - Clare Foster
- School of Health and Related Research, The University of Sheffield, Regent Court, 30 Regent Street, Sheffield S1 4DA, UK; (A.B.); (M.S.); (A.B.); (B.H.); (C.F.)
| | - David Taylor-Robinson
- Public Health, Policy and Systems, Institute of Population Health, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 3GL, UK;
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6
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Campagna AX, Pham CN, Gartstein MA. Understanding emerging regulation: The role of frontal electroencephalography asymmetry and negative affectivity. Dev Psychobiol 2021; 63:e22198. [PMID: 34674241 DOI: 10.1002/dev.22198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2021] [Revised: 08/18/2021] [Accepted: 09/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The present study examined frontal electroencephalography (EEG) asymmetry and negative affectivity (NA) as predictors of infant behaviors during the Still-Face Paradigm (SFP). It was hypothesized that infants with lower NA subscale scores who also demonstrate greater left frontal activation would exhibit more frequent social engagement and self-soothing behaviors during the SFP. Mothers reported infant temperament at 6-12 months of age (N = 62), and EEG was recorded during a baseline task and the SFP. Social engagement, distress, and self-soothing behaviors were coded during the SFP. A three-factor solution emerged based on exploratory factor analysis of eight infant behaviors. After considering bivariate relations, multiple regression analyses predicting the behavior factor labeled social engagement (containing vocalizations and handwaving; average factor loading = .56) were conducted separately for asymmetry and NA subscales, controlling for infant sex and age. The SFP asymmetry predicted social engagement after controlling for covariates and baseline asymmetry; however, NA subscales (falling reactivity and distress to limitations) did not uniquely explain significant variance. These findings highlight the importance of frontal EEG asymmetry in contributing to emerging social engagement and regulation in infancy. Implications include potentially utilizing asymmetry markers as screening and intervention targets in the first year of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allegra X Campagna
- Department of Psychology, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington, USA
| | - Christie N Pham
- Department of Psychology, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington, USA
| | - Maria A Gartstein
- Department of Psychology, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington, USA
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Green KH, van de Groep S, Sweijen SW, Becht AI, Buijzen M, de Leeuw RNH, Remmerswaal D, van der Zanden R, Engels RCME, Crone EA. Mood and emotional reactivity of adolescents during the COVID-19 pandemic: short-term and long-term effects and the impact of social and socioeconomic stressors. Sci Rep 2021; 11:11563. [PMID: 34078968 PMCID: PMC8172919 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-90851-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2021] [Accepted: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Adolescence is a formative period for socio-emotional development which is threatened by the COVID-19 pandemic. The current longitudinal study examined two aims: (1) the short- and long-term effects of the pandemic on young people's mood (i.e. vigor, tension, and depression levels) and emotional reactivity (i.e. fluctuations in daily mood), and (2) the impact of stressors on mood, emotional reactivity, self-oriented (i.e. maladaptive behavior towards COVID-19 rules) and other-benefitting behaviors (i.e. behavior aimed at helping and comforting others). We conducted an online two-week daily diary study among 462 Dutch adolescents (Mage = 15.27 years, 64% females) and 371 young adults (Mage = 21.49 years, 81% females) in May 2020, with a follow-up in November 2020 (N = 238 and 231, respectively adolescents and young adults). In May 2020, young adults and older relative to younger adolescents showed higher levels and more fluctuations in tension and depression and lower levels of vigor. Vigor levels decreased and tension and depression levels increased between May 2020 and November 2020, especially for younger adolescents. There were positive associations between instability of negative emotions (i.e. tension and depression fluctuations) and the exposure to stressors (i.e. family stress and inequality of online homeschooling) in the adolescent sample. Together, this study demonstrates vulnerability regarding young people's mood and emotional reactivity during the COVID-19 pandemic, especially for adolescents who experience more stressors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kayla H Green
- Erasmus School of Social and Behavioural Sciences, Erasmus University Rotterdam, Burgemeester Oudlaan 50, 3000 DR, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Suzanne van de Groep
- Erasmus School of Social and Behavioural Sciences, Erasmus University Rotterdam, Burgemeester Oudlaan 50, 3000 DR, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Sophie W Sweijen
- Erasmus School of Social and Behavioural Sciences, Erasmus University Rotterdam, Burgemeester Oudlaan 50, 3000 DR, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Andrik I Becht
- Erasmus School of Social and Behavioural Sciences, Erasmus University Rotterdam, Burgemeester Oudlaan 50, 3000 DR, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Research Center Adolescent Development, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Moniek Buijzen
- Erasmus School of Social and Behavioural Sciences, Erasmus University Rotterdam, Burgemeester Oudlaan 50, 3000 DR, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Rebecca N H de Leeuw
- Behavioural Science Institute, Radboud University Nijmegen, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Danielle Remmerswaal
- Erasmus School of Social and Behavioural Sciences, Erasmus University Rotterdam, Burgemeester Oudlaan 50, 3000 DR, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Rianne van der Zanden
- Erasmus School of Social and Behavioural Sciences, Erasmus University Rotterdam, Burgemeester Oudlaan 50, 3000 DR, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Rutger C M E Engels
- Erasmus School of Social and Behavioural Sciences, Erasmus University Rotterdam, Burgemeester Oudlaan 50, 3000 DR, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Eveline A Crone
- Erasmus School of Social and Behavioural Sciences, Erasmus University Rotterdam, Burgemeester Oudlaan 50, 3000 DR, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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8
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Björkenstam E, Helgesson M, Mittendorfer-Rutz E. Childhood adversity and common mental disorders in young employees in Sweden: is the association affected by early adulthood occupational class? Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol 2021; 56:237-246. [PMID: 32405790 PMCID: PMC7870617 DOI: 10.1007/s00127-020-01874-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2019] [Accepted: 05/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Childhood adversities are associated with an elevated risk for common mental disorders (CMDs). Whether the strength of the association also holds for young employees is unclear. Given the increase in CMD rates in young adults over the past decade, identification of risk factors has important implications for future public health interventions. The current study aimed to investigate the effects of childhood adversities on CMDs. Additionally, the role of occupational class (non-manual/manual workers) in the relationship was examined. METHODS This population-based longitudinal cohort study included 544,003 employees, 19-29 years, residing in Sweden in 2009. Adversities included parental death, parental mental and somatic disorders, parental separation or single-parent household, household public assistance and residential instability. Estimates of risk of CMDs, measured as prescription of antidepressants and/or psychiatric care with a clinical diagnosis of CMDs, between 2010 and 2016 were calculated as relative risks (RR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI), using a modified Poisson regression analysis. Occupational class (non-manual/manual workers) was explored as a potential moderator. RESULTS In both manual and non-manual workers, childhood adversities were associated with an elevated risk of subsequent CMDs. The risk was moderated by occupational class, i.e., especially pronounced risk was found in manual workers who had experienced cumulative adversity (adjusted RR 1.76, 95% CI 1.70-1.83) when compared to non-manual workers with no adversity. Among the adversities examined, having had a parent treated for a mental disorder, having grown up in a household living on public assistance or having experienced residential instability were the strongest predictors of CMDs. CONCLUSION Our findings suggest that, among young employees, manual workers with a history of multiple childhood adversities are especially vulnerable to subsequent CMDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma Björkenstam
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Division of Insurance Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77, Stockholm, Sweden.
- Department of Community Health Sciences, Fielding School of Public Health and California Center for Population Research, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychiatry, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
| | - Magnus Helgesson
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Division of Insurance Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ellenor Mittendorfer-Rutz
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Division of Insurance Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77, Stockholm, Sweden
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Marsh S, Dobson R, Maddison R. The relationship between household chaos and child, parent, and family outcomes: a systematic scoping review. BMC Public Health 2020; 20:513. [PMID: 32316937 PMCID: PMC7175577 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-020-08587-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2019] [Accepted: 03/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Household chaos, represented by the level of disorganisation or environmental confusion in the home, has been associated with a range of adverse child and family outcomes. This review aims to (1) identify how household chaos is measured, (2) chart study details of household chaos literature, and (3) map the existing literature with respect to the relationship between household chaos and child, parent, and family outcomes. We expect that this review will highlight the need to consider the importance of household chaos in child well-being research, particularly in those families where children may be more vulnerable to the adverse effects of household chaos. METHODS We searched five electronic databases (last updated September 1st 2018) in addition to Google Scholar, and identified publications via a 3-stage screening process, which was conducted by two researchers. Published studies were included if they investigated the association between household chaos and child, parent, or family outcomes. Research that investigated household chaos as a mediator or moderator, or that investigated how the relationship between household chaos and the outcome of interest was mediated or moderated, were also included. RESULTS One hundred twelve studies in 111 publications were included. The majority were conducted in the United States (n = 71), and used either cross-sectional (n = 60) or longitudinal (n = 49) study designs. Outcomes of interest were categorised into seven categories: (1) cognitive and academic (n = 16), (2) socio-emotional and behavioural (n = 60), (3) communication (n = 6), (4) parenting, family, and household functioning (n = 21), (5) parent outcomes (n = 6), (6) hormone (n = 8), and (7) physical health and health behaviours (n = 19). There was consistent evidence for significant correlations between household chaos and adverse outcomes across all seven categories in diverse populations with respect to age, disease status, and socio-economic status (SES). CONCLUSION There is consistent evidence for associations between household chaos and a number of adverse child, parent, and family-level outcomes. Household chaos may also help describe variations in outcomes between low SES and child development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha Marsh
- National Institute for Health Innovation, School of Population Health, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.
| | - Rosie Dobson
- National Institute for Health Innovation, School of Population Health, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Ralph Maddison
- National Institute for Health Innovation, School of Population Health, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
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Björkenstam E, Burström B, Hjern A, Vinnerljung B, Kosidou K, Berg L. Cumulative childhood adversity, adolescent psychiatric disorder and violent offending in young adulthood. Eur J Public Health 2019; 29:855-861. [PMID: 31168626 DOI: 10.1093/eurpub/ckz089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Childhood adversity (CA) is a risk indicator for psychiatric morbidity. Although CA has been linked to violent offending, limited research has considered adolescent psychiatric disorder as a mediating factor. The current study examined whether adolescent psychiatric disorder mediates the association between CA and violent offending. METHODS We used a cohort of 476 103 individuals born in 1984-1988 in Sweden. Register-based CAs included parental death, substance abuse and psychiatric disorder, parental criminal offending, parental separation, public assistance, child welfare intervention and residential instability. Adolescent psychiatric disorder was defined as being treated with a psychiatric diagnosis prior to age 20. Estimates of risk of violent offending after age 20 were calculated as incidence rate ratios (IRRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Mediation was tested with the bootstrap method. RESULTS Exposure to CA was positively associated with violent offending, especially when accumulated. Individuals exposed to 4+ CAs who were also treated for psychiatric disorder had a 12-fold elevated risk for violent offending (adjusted IRR 12.2, 95% CI 10.6-14.0). Corresponding IRR among 4+ CA youth with no psychiatric disorder was 5.1 (95% CI 4.5-5.6). Psychiatric disorder mediated the association between CA and violent offending. CONCLUSION CA is associated with elevated risk for violent offending in early adulthood, and the association is partly mediated by adolescent psychiatric disorder. Individuals exposed to cumulative CA who also develop adolescent psychopathology should be regarded as a high-risk group for violent offending, by professionals in social and health services that come into contact with this group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma Björkenstam
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Fielding School of Public Health and California Center for Population Research, Department of Community Health Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Bo Burström
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Anders Hjern
- Centre for Health Equity Studies, Stockholm University/Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Clinical Epidemiology/Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Bo Vinnerljung
- Clinical Epidemiology/Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Social Work, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Kyriaki Kosidou
- Division Public Health Epidemiology, Department of Public Health Sciences, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Center for Epidemiology and Community Medicine, Stockholm County Council, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Lisa Berg
- Centre for Health Equity Studies, Stockholm University/Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Public Health Sciences, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
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11
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Okano L, Ji Y, Riley AW, Wang X. Maternal psychosocial stress and children's ADHD diagnosis: a prospective birth cohort study. J Psychosom Obstet Gynaecol 2019; 40:217-225. [PMID: 29790815 PMCID: PMC6251762 DOI: 10.1080/0167482x.2018.1468434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2017] [Revised: 03/20/2018] [Accepted: 04/17/2018] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective: Examine the association of mothers' psychosocial stressors before and during pregnancy with their children's diagnosis of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Methods: This study included 2140 mother-child pairs who had at least one postnatal pediatric visit at the Boston Medical Center between 2003 and 2015. Child ADHD was determined via International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision (ICD-9) codes documented in electronic medical records. Latent factors of maternal stress and social support and measures of the physical home environment and psychosocial adversities were constructed using exploratory factor analysis. The association between the latent factors and child ADHD diagnosis was examined using multiple logistic regression, controlling for known risk factors for ADHD. Results: Children were 1.45 (95% CI: 1.06, 1.99) and 3.03 (95% CI: 2.19, 4.20) times more likely to receive an ADHD diagnosis if their mother experienced a major stressful event during pregnancy or reported a high level of perceived stress, respectively. The number of family adversities increases the risk of ADHD diagnosis [second quartile: OR = 1.90; CI (1.31, 2.77); third quartile: OR = 1.96 CI (1.34, 2.88); fourth quartile: OR = 2.89 CI (2.01, 4.16)] compared to first quartile. Conclusions: In this prospective, predominantly urban, low-income, minority birth cohort, mothers' psychosocial stress before and during pregnancy appears to be an independent risk factor for the development of ADHD in their children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren Okano
- The Department of Population, Family and Reproductive Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, United States
| | - Yuelong Ji
- The Department of Population, Family and Reproductive Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, United States
| | - Anne W. Riley
- The Department of Population, Family and Reproductive Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, United States
- Department of Mental Health, Johns Hopkins School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, United States
- Department of Health Policy and Management, Johns Hopkins School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, United States
| | - Xiaobin Wang
- The Department of Population, Family and Reproductive Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, United States
- Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States
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Laurenzi CA, Skeen S, Sundin P, Hunt X, Weiss RE, Rotheram-Borus MJ, Tomlinson M. Associations between young children's exposure to household violence and behavioural problems: Evidence from a rural Kenyan sample. Glob Public Health 2019; 15:173-184. [PMID: 31426702 DOI: 10.1080/17441692.2019.1656274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Little is known about how young children in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) experience violence in their homes, and how different types of household violence may affect child development. This study reports on levels of exposure to household violence and associations with child behavioural outcomes in preschool-aged children in western Kenya. A sample of 465 caregivers, whose children (n = 497) attended early learning centres supported by an international NGO, were enrolled in the study. Caregivers reported on exposure to intimate partner violence (IPV), household discipline practices, attitudes about gender roles, and child behavioural outcomes. Multivariable analysis showed significant predictive effects of IPV (regression coefficient = 1.35, SE = 0.54, p = 0.01) and harsh psychological child discipline (regression coefficient = 0.74, SE = 0.22, p = 0.001), but not physical discipline (regression coefficient = 0.42, SE = 0.24, p = 0.08), on worse child behavioural problems. These findings indicate that child exposure to violence in different forms is highly prevalent, and associated with poorer outcomes in young children. Community-based programmes focused on parenting and early child development are well-positioned to address household violence in LMIC settings, but must be supported to provide a broader understanding of violence and its immediate and long-term consequences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina A Laurenzi
- Department of Global Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Institute for Life Course Health Research, Stellenbosch University, South Africa
| | - Sarah Skeen
- Department of Global Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Institute for Life Course Health Research, Stellenbosch University, South Africa
| | - Phillip Sundin
- Department of Biostatistics, UCLA Fielding School of Public Health, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Xanthe Hunt
- Department of Global Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Institute for Life Course Health Research, Stellenbosch University, South Africa
| | - Robert E Weiss
- Department of Biostatistics, UCLA Fielding School of Public Health, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Mary Jane Rotheram-Borus
- Global Center for Children and Families, Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, Semel Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Mark Tomlinson
- Department of Global Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Institute for Life Course Health Research, Stellenbosch University, South Africa.,School of Nursing and Midwifery, Queens University, Belfast, UK
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Psychometric Properties of the Emotion Reactivity Scale in Community Screening Assessments. JOURNAL OF PSYCHOPATHOLOGY AND BEHAVIORAL ASSESSMENT 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s10862-019-09749-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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14
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Wu W, Qu G, Wang L, Tang X, Sun YH. Meta-analysis of the mental health status of left-behind children in China. J Paediatr Child Health 2019; 55:260-270. [PMID: 30604503 DOI: 10.1111/jpc.14349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2018] [Revised: 11/09/2018] [Accepted: 11/18/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The aims of this study were to systematically evaluate and comparatively analyse the mental health status of left-behind children (LBC) in China and to provide a scientific basis for mental intervention and healthy education for LBC. Six electronic databases were searched for studies (published from 1 January 2010 to 5 March 2018) of the mental health of LBC using the Mental Health Test scale. We only selected original articles that either reported the incidence of serious mental health status or the means and standard deviations of each factor score of the scale. The pooled rates and weighted mean difference were calculated. The results indicated that the incidence of serious mental health status of LBC is nearly 2.7 times higher than that of non-LBC. The scores for most of the factors analysed by the Mental Health Test of LBC were higher than those of non-LBC. In addition, the mental health status of left-behind girls is worse than that of left-behind boys. Except for impulsive tendency, there was no significant difference in the mental health status of LBC in primary and junior high schools. In terms of the different types of guardianship, the mental health status of LBC under a grandparent's guardianship and parental peer' guardianship is more serious than that of LBC under a single-parent guardianship. The mental health status of LBC is poor, particularly for left-behind girls. The primary mental problems faced by LBC are learning anxiety, social anxiety and physical symptoms. It is necessary to develop more targeted measures to prevent and manage LBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Wu
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Guangbo Qu
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Lingling Wang
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Xue Tang
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Ye-Huan Sun
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.,Centre for Evidence-Based Practice, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
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Taylor ZE, Widaman KF, Robins RW. Longitudinal Relations of Economic Hardship and Effortful Control to Active Coping in Latino Youth. JOURNAL OF RESEARCH ON ADOLESCENCE : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY FOR RESEARCH ON ADOLESCENCE 2018; 28:396-411. [PMID: 28851024 PMCID: PMC5831520 DOI: 10.1111/jora.12338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
How Latino youth cope with stressors may have implications for their adjustment. We examined how a temperamental characteristic (effortful control) and a contextual factor (economic hardship) were associated with Latino youth's coping. Individual differences in effortful control, a core facet of self-regulation, may contribute to coping as effortful control is consistently linked to adaptive behaviors during adolescence. We examined relations of effortful control and economic hardship to active coping in a sample of Mexican-origin youth (N = 674) across three time points (fifth to ninth grades). Although economic hardship negatively predicted coping and effortful control, effortful control positively predicted coping (controlling for prior levels). Findings support a resilience perspective by suggesting that effortful control may contribute to coping and thus counteract the negative effects of economic hardship.
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Björkenstam E, Hjern A, Björkenstam C, Kosidou K. Association of Cumulative Childhood Adversity and Adolescent Violent Offending With Suicide in Early Adulthood. JAMA Psychiatry 2018; 75:185-193. [PMID: 29238825 PMCID: PMC5838591 DOI: 10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2017.3788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
IMPORTANCE Childhood adversity (CA) is associated with an increased risk of suicide in young adulthood that might be explained by maladaptive trajectories during adolescence. Although adolescent violent offending is linked with suicide, little is known about its role in the association between CA and suicide. OBJECTIVE To examine whether adolescent violent offending mediates the association between CA and suicide in early adulthood. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS This population-based, longitudinal cohort study with a follow-up time spanning 5 to 9 years included 476 103 individuals born in Sweden between 1984 and 1988. The study population was prospectively followed up from 20 years of age until December 31, 2013, with respect to suicide. Data analysis was performed from January 1, 1984, to December 31, 2013. EXPOSURES Register-based CAs included parental death, parental substance abuse and psychiatric disorder, parental criminal offending, parental separation, public assistance recipiency, child welfare intervention, and residential instability. Adolescent violent offending was defined as being convicted of a violent crime between the ages of 15 and 19 years. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES Estimates of risk of suicide after 20 years of age (from 2004 if born in 1984 and from 2008 if born in 1988) until the end of 2013 were calculated as incidence rate ratios (IRRs) with 95% CIs using Poisson regression analysis. Adjustments were made for demographics and psychiatric disorder. In addition, binary mediation analysis with logistic regression was used. RESULTS A total of 476 103 individuals (231 699 [48.7%] female) were included in the study. Those with a conviction for violent offending had been exposed to all CAs to a greater extent than those with no violent offending. Cumulative CA was associated with risk of suicide in nonconvicted (adjusted IRR, 2.4; 95% CI, 1.5-3.9) and convicted youths, who had a higher risk of suicide (adjusted IRR, 8.5; 95% CI, 4.6-15.7). Adolescent violent offending partly mediated the association between CA and suicide. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE Individuals with a history of CA who also engage in violent offending in adolescence have a high risk of suicide. Interventions to prevent externalizing behavior during childhood and increased support to youths with delinquent behavior may have the potential to prevent suicide related to CA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma Björkenstam
- Division of Social Medicine, Department of Public Health Sciences, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden,Department of Neuroscience, Psychiatry Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Anders Hjern
- Centre for Health Equity Studies, Stockholm University and Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden,Clinical Epidemiology Unit, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - Kyriaki Kosidou
- Division Public Health Epidemiology, Department of Public Health Sciences, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden,Center for Epidemiology and Community Medicine, Stockholm County Council, Stockholm, Sweden
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17
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Björkenstam E, Vinnerljung B, Hjern A. Impact of childhood adversities on depression in early adulthood: A longitudinal cohort study of 478,141 individuals in Sweden. J Affect Disord 2017; 223:95-100. [PMID: 28735168 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2017.07.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2017] [Revised: 06/13/2017] [Accepted: 07/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Although the relationship between childhood adversity (CA) and depression is widely accepted, there is little information on what proportion of depression is attributable to CA. METHOD We used a Swedish cohort of 478,141 individuals born in 1984-1988 in Sweden. Register-based CA indicators included parental death, parental substance abuse and psychiatric morbidity, parental criminality, parental separation, public assistance recipiency, child welfare intervention, and residential instability. Estimates of risk of depression, measured as retrieval of prescribed antidepressants and/or psychiatric care with a clinical diagnosis of depression, between 2006 and 2012 were calculated as Hazard Ratios (HR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI), using a Cox regression analysis. RESULTS All CAs predicted depression in early adulthood. Furthermore, the predictive association between the CA indicators and depression was graded, with highest HRs observed for 4+ CAs (HR: 3.05 (95% CI 2.83-3.29)) for a clinical diagnosis for depression and HR: 1.32 (95% CI 1.25-1.41) for antidepressant medication after adjustments were made for important confounding factors. Of the studied CAs, child welfare intervention entailed highest HR for depression. CONCLUSION Regardless of causality issues, children and youth with a history of multiple CA should be regarded as a high-risk group for depression by professionals in social, and health services that come into contact with this group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma Björkenstam
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Division of Social Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Community Health Sciences, Fielding School of Public Health and California Center for Population Research, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States.
| | - Bo Vinnerljung
- Department of Social Work, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden; Clinical Epidemiology / Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Anders Hjern
- Clinical Epidemiology / Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Centre for Health Equity Studies, Stockholm University/Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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Björkenstam E, Pebley AR, Burström B, Kosidou K. Childhood social adversity and risk of depressive symptoms in adolescence in a US national sample. J Affect Disord 2017; 212:56-63. [PMID: 28142084 PMCID: PMC5671805 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2017.01.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2016] [Revised: 12/30/2016] [Accepted: 01/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Childhood social adversity has been associated with an increased risk of depression and other psychiatric disorders in adolescence and early adulthood. However, the role of timing and accumulation of adversities has not yet been established in longitudinal studies. We examined the association between childhood adversities and adolescent depressive symptoms, and the impact of timing and accumulation of adversity. METHOD Longitudinal data were obtained from the Child Development Supplement to the Panel Study of Income Dynamics (n=2223), a nationally representative survey of US families that incorporates data from parents and their children. Negative binomial regression analysis was used to estimate effects of childhood social adversity on adolescent depressive symptoms, presented as Incidence Rate Ratios with 95% confidence intervals. RESULTS Children exposed to social adversity reported higher levels of adolescent depressive symptoms captured by two depression scales. Single-parent household and residential instability were particularly associated with depressive symptoms. A positive relationship was found between cumulative adversity and the risk of adolescent depression. The timing of exposure appeared to have little effect on the risk of adolescent depressive symptoms. LIMITATIONS The structure of the data implies that alternative causal pathways cannot be fully discounted. The self- or parent-reported data is subject to recall bias. CONCLUSION Our findings support the long-term negative impact of childhood adversity on adolescent depressive symptoms, regardless of when in childhood the adversity occurs. Policies and interventions to reduce adolescent depressive symptoms need to consider the social background of the family as an important risk or protective factor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma Björkenstam
- Department of Community Health Sciences, Fielding School of Public Health and California Center for Population Research, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States; Department of Public Health Sciences, Division of Social Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Anne R Pebley
- Department of Community Health Sciences, Fielding School of Public Health and California Center for Population Research, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Bo Burström
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Division of Social Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Kyriaki Kosidou
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Division of Public Health Epidemiology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Center for Epidemiology and Community Medicine, Stockholm County Council, Stockholm, Sweden
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Björkenstam E, Cheng S, Burström B, Pebley AR, Björkenstam C, Kosidou K. Association between income trajectories in childhood and psychiatric disorder: a Swedish population-based study. J Epidemiol Community Health 2017; 71:648-654. [DOI: 10.1136/jech-2016-208513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2016] [Revised: 02/07/2017] [Accepted: 02/11/2017] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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20
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Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder and children's emotion dysregulation: A meta-analysis. Clin Psychol Rev 2016; 46:106-23. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cpr.2016.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 143] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2015] [Revised: 04/20/2016] [Accepted: 04/21/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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21
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Veldman K, Bültmann U, Almansa J, Reijneveld SA. Childhood Adversities and Educational Attainment in Young Adulthood: The Role of Mental Health Problems in Adolescence. J Adolesc Health 2015; 57:462-7. [PMID: 26499855 DOI: 10.1016/j.jadohealth.2015.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2015] [Revised: 06/02/2015] [Accepted: 08/05/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The aims of this study were to examine whether the association between childhood adversities and educational attainment in young adulthood can be explained by mental health problems in adolescence and whether associations and pathways differ for boys and girls. METHODS Data were used of 2,230 participants from the Tracking Adolescents' Individual Lives Survey, a Dutch prospective cohort study with a 9-year follow-up. Childhood adversities were measured at age 11 years, mental health problems (i.e., externalizing, internalizing and attention problems with Youth Self-Report) at age 16 years, and educational attainment at age 19 years. Structural equation modeling was performed to analyze the data, overall and stratified by gender. RESULTS Only among boys, childhood adversities were associated with low educational attainment in young adulthood. Externalizing problems in adolescence explained 5% of the association between childhood adversities and educational attainment. Furthermore, for both boys and girls, externalizing problems in adolescence had a direct effect on educational attainment in young adulthood. CONCLUSIONS Among boys, childhood adversities are associated with poorer educational outcomes of young adults. A part of this association runs via adolescent externalizing problems. The results suggest that boys, compared with girls, are less capable to cope with childhood adversities. Monitoring of exposed boys to childhood adversities is of utmost importance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karin Veldman
- Department of Health Sciences, Community and Occupational Medicine, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.
| | - Ute Bültmann
- Department of Health Sciences, Community and Occupational Medicine, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Josue Almansa
- Department of Health Sciences, Community and Occupational Medicine, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Sijmen A Reijneveld
- Department of Health Sciences, Community and Occupational Medicine, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
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Wolz I, Agüera Z, Granero R, Jiménez-Murcia S, Gratz KL, Menchón JM, Fernández-Aranda F. Emotion regulation in disordered eating: Psychometric properties of the Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale among Spanish adults and its interrelations with personality and clinical severity. Front Psychol 2015; 6:907. [PMID: 26175710 PMCID: PMC4485313 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2015.00907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2015] [Accepted: 06/16/2015] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective: The aims of the study were to (1) validate the Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale (DERS) in a sample of Spanish adults with and without eating disorders, and (2) explore the role of emotion regulation difficulties in eating disorders (ED), including its mediating role in the relation between key personality traits and ED severity. Methods: One hundred and thirty four patients (121 female, mean age = 29 years) with anorexia nervosa (n = 30), bulimia nervosa (n = 54), binge eating (n = 20), or Other Specified Feeding or Eating Disorders (n = 30) and 74 healthy control participants (51 female, mean age = 21 years) reported on general psychopathology, ED severity, personality traits and difficulties in emotion regulation. Exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses were conducted to examine the psychometrics of the DERS in this Spanish sample (Aim 1). Additionally, to examine the role of emotion regulation difficulties in ED (Aim 2), differences in emotion regulation difficulties across eating disorder subgroups were examined and structural equation modeling was used to explore the interrelations among emotion regulation, personality traits, and eating disorder severity. Results: Results support the validity and reliability of the DERS within this Spanish adult sample and suggest that this measure has a similar factor structure in this sample as in the original sample. Moreover, emotion regulation difficulties were found to differ as a function of eating disorder subtype and to mediate the relation between two specific personality traits (i.e., high harm avoidance and low self-directedness) and ED severity. Conclusions: Personality traits of high harm avoidance and low self-directedness may increase vulnerability to ED pathology indirectly, through emotion regulation difficulties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ines Wolz
- Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital of Bellvitge-IDIBELL Barcelona, Spain ; Ciber Fisiopatologia Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto Salud Carlos III Barcelona, Spain ; Department of Clinical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Barcelona Barcelona, Spain
| | - Zaida Agüera
- Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital of Bellvitge-IDIBELL Barcelona, Spain ; Ciber Fisiopatologia Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto Salud Carlos III Barcelona, Spain
| | - Roser Granero
- Ciber Fisiopatologia Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto Salud Carlos III Barcelona, Spain ; Department of Psychobiology and Methodology, University Autònoma of Barcelona Barcelona, Spain
| | - Susana Jiménez-Murcia
- Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital of Bellvitge-IDIBELL Barcelona, Spain ; Ciber Fisiopatologia Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto Salud Carlos III Barcelona, Spain ; Department of Clinical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Barcelona Barcelona, Spain
| | - Kim L Gratz
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, University of Mississippi Medical Center Jackson, MS, USA
| | - José M Menchón
- Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital of Bellvitge-IDIBELL Barcelona, Spain ; Department of Clinical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Barcelona Barcelona, Spain ; Ciber Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Instituto Salud Carlos III Barcelona, Spain
| | - Fernando Fernández-Aranda
- Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital of Bellvitge-IDIBELL Barcelona, Spain ; Ciber Fisiopatologia Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto Salud Carlos III Barcelona, Spain ; Department of Clinical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Barcelona Barcelona, Spain
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Imami L, Tobin ET, Kane HS, Saleh DJ, Lupro TH, Slatcher RB. Effects of socioeconomic status on maternal and child positive behaviors in daily life among youth with asthma. J Pediatr Psychol 2014; 40:55-65. [PMID: 25150261 DOI: 10.1093/jpepsy/jsu066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Socioeconomic disadvantage is associated with poorer behavioral and emotional outcomes in children with asthma. This study investigated the associations between maternal income and education and naturalistically observed behaviors and affect during everyday parent-child interactions. METHODS 53 predominantly low-income youth with asthma, aged 10-17 years, wore a naturalistic event-sampling device, the Electronically Activated Recorder, for 4 days to assess mother and child positive behaviors and affect in daily life. RESULTS Maternal education, but not income, was positively associated with child positive behaviors, displays of mother and child positive affect, and increased maternal responsiveness. Maternal positive affect and maternal responsiveness mediated the effect of maternal education on child positive affect. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that maternal education has an important influence on the socioemotional adjustment of youth with asthma and point to the importance of investigating the independent influence of socioeconomic status components on everyday parent-child interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ledina Imami
- Department of Psychology, Wayne State University and School of Behavioral and Brain Sciences, The University of Texas at Dallas
| | - Erin T Tobin
- Department of Psychology, Wayne State University and School of Behavioral and Brain Sciences, The University of Texas at Dallas
| | - Heidi S Kane
- Department of Psychology, Wayne State University and School of Behavioral and Brain Sciences, The University of Texas at Dallas
| | - Daniel J Saleh
- Department of Psychology, Wayne State University and School of Behavioral and Brain Sciences, The University of Texas at Dallas
| | - Toni H Lupro
- Department of Psychology, Wayne State University and School of Behavioral and Brain Sciences, The University of Texas at Dallas
| | - Richard B Slatcher
- Department of Psychology, Wayne State University and School of Behavioral and Brain Sciences, The University of Texas at Dallas
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