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Liu C, Lei S, Cai T, Cheng Y, Bai J, Fu W, Huang M. Inducible nitric oxide synthase activity mediates TNF-α-induced endothelial cell dysfunction. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2023; 325:C780-C795. [PMID: 37575057 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00153.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Revised: 08/03/2023] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023]
Abstract
Inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and vascular endothelial dysfunction have been implicated in the development and progression of atherosclerosis. This study aimed to elucidate the role of iNOS in vascular endothelial dysfunction. Ultrahigh performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry combined with multivariate data analysis was used to characterize the metabolic changes in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) in response to different treatment conditions. In addition, molecular biology techniques were employed to explain the molecular mechanisms underlying the role of iNOS in vascular endothelial dysfunction. Tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) enhances the expression of iNOS, TXNIP, and the level of reactive oxygen species (ROS) facilitates the entry of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) into the nucleus and promotes injury in HUVECs. iNOS deficiency reversed the TNF-α-mediated pathological changes in HUVECs. Moreover, TNF-α increased the expression of tumor necrosis factor receptor-2 (TNFR-2) and the levels of p-IκBα and IL-6 proteins and CD31, ICAM-1, and VCAM-1 protein expression, which was significantly reduced in HUVECs with iNOS deficiency. In addition, treating HUVECs in the absence or presence of TNF-α or iNOS, respectively, enabled the identification of putative endogenous biomarkers associated with endothelial dysfunction. These biomarkers were involved in critical metabolic pathways, including glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchor biosynthesis, amino acid metabolism, sphingolipid metabolism, and fatty acid metabolism. iNOS deficiency during vascular endothelial dysfunction may affect the expression of TNFR-2, vascular adhesion factors, and the level of ROS via cellular metabolic changes, thereby attenuating vascular endothelial dysfunction.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) deficiency during vascular endothelial dysfunction may affect the expression of tumor necrosis factor receptor-2 and vascular adhesion factors via cellular metabolic changes, thereby attenuating vascular endothelial dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Liu
- Department of General Surgery (Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery), The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Sujuan Lei
- Department of General Surgery (Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery), The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Tianying Cai
- Department of General Surgery (Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery), The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Yonglang Cheng
- Department of General Surgery (Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery), The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Junjie Bai
- Department of General Surgery (Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery), The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Wenguang Fu
- Department of General Surgery (Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery), The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
- Academician (Expert) Workstation of Sichuan Province, Metabolic Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Diseases Key Laboratory of Luzhou City, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Meizhou Huang
- Department of General Surgery (Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery), The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
- Academician (Expert) Workstation of Sichuan Province, Metabolic Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Diseases Key Laboratory of Luzhou City, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
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Liu Y, Lin X, Hao Z, Yu M, Tang Y, Teng X, Sun W, Kang L. Cadmium exposure caused cardiotoxicity in common carps (Cyprinus carpio L.): miR-9-5p, oxidative stress, energetic impairment, mitochondrial division/fusion imbalance, inflammation, and autophagy. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2023; 138:108853. [PMID: 37245677 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2023.108853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Revised: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 05/26/2023] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Cadmium (Cd), a toxic heavy metal pollutant, is a threat to human and eatable fish health. Common carps are widely cultivated and eaten by humans. However, there are no reports about Cd-damaged common carp hearts. Our experiment attempted to investigate the cardiotoxicity of Cd to common carps by establishing a common carp Cd exposure model. Our results showed that Cd injured hearts. Moreover, Cd treatment induced autophagy via miR-9-5p/Sirt1/mTOR/ULK1 pathway. Cd exposure caused oxidant/antioxidant imbalance and oxidative stress; and led to energetic impairment. Energetic impairment partook in oxidative stress-mediated autophagy through AMPK/mTOR/ULK1 pathway. Furthermore, Cd caused mitochondrial division/fusion imbalance and resulted in inflammatory injury via NF-κB-COX-2-PTGEs and NF-κB-COX-2-TNF-α pathways. Oxidative stress mediated mitochondrial division/fusion imbalance, further induced inflammation and autophagy via OPA1/NF-κB-COX-2-TNF-α-Beclin1 and OPA1/NF-κB-COX-2-TNF-α/P62 pathways under Cd treatment. Taken together, miR-9-5p, oxidative stress, energetic impairment, mitochondrial division/fusion imbalance, inflammation, and autophagy participated in the mechanism of Cd-cardiotoxicity to common carps. Our study revealed harmful effect of Cd on hearts, and provided new information for researches of environmental pollutant toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhao Liu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, NO. 600 Chang Jiang Road, Xiang Fang District, Harbin, 150030, PR China
| | - Xu Lin
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, NO. 600 Chang Jiang Road, Xiang Fang District, Harbin, 150030, PR China
| | - Zhiyu Hao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, NO. 600 Chang Jiang Road, Xiang Fang District, Harbin, 150030, PR China
| | - Meijing Yu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, NO. 600 Chang Jiang Road, Xiang Fang District, Harbin, 150030, PR China
| | - You Tang
- Electrical and Information Engineering College, JiLin Agricultural Science and Technology University, Jilin, 132101, PR China
| | - Xiaohua Teng
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, NO. 600 Chang Jiang Road, Xiang Fang District, Harbin, 150030, PR China.
| | - Wei Sun
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, NO. 600 Chang Jiang Road, Xiang Fang District, Harbin, 150030, PR China.
| | - Lu Kang
- Institute of Agricultural Quality Standards and Testing Technology, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Urumqi, 830091, PR China.
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Ameliorative Potential of Betanin on Cigarette Smoke Extract-induced Respiratory Mucosal Inflammation and Oxidative Stress in the Adult Zebrafish Model. Pharmacogn Mag 2023. [DOI: 10.1177/09731296221145075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Betanin, a natural pigment and glycosidic bioactive compound, possesses anti-inflammatory antioxidant activity. Objectives In this study, we evaluated the potential effect of betanin on cigarette smoke extract (CSE)-induced pulmonary inflammation in the zebrafish model. Materials and Methods Zebrafish were randomly divided into five groups with control, CSE-exposed and betanin-treated after CSE exposure for 3 and 6 days. Oxidative stress-related parameters like reactive oxygen species (ROS), nitric oxide (NO) and myeloperoxidase (MPO) were analysed, histopathological studies were carried out and gene expression of proinflammatory tumour necrosis factor-alpha, inducible NO synthase and anti-inflammatory interleukin-10 cytokines was determined. Results Treatment with betanin reduced ROS, MPO and NO with histopathological improvement, alleviating CSE-induced pulmonary inflammation. Further, decreased expression of the proinflammatory gene and increased expression of the anti-inflammatory gene were observed after 6 days of treatment. Conclusion Betanin exhibits a protective effect against CSE exposure by inhibiting oxidative stress and inflammation.
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Lin XL, Shi YN, Cao YL, Tan X, Zeng YL, Luo ST, Li YM, Qin L, Xia BH, Fu RG, Lin LM, Li K, Cao D, Zeng JG, Liao DF. Sanguinarine protects against indomethacin-induced small intestine injury in rats by regulating the Nrf2/NF-κB pathways. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:960140. [PMID: 36304153 PMCID: PMC9593053 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.960140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2022] [Accepted: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years, small intestine as a key target in the treatment of Inflammatory bowel disease caused by NSAIDs has become a hot topic. Sanguinarine (SA) is one of the main alkaloids in the Macleaya cordata extracts with strong pharmacological activity of anti-tumor, anti-inflammation and anti-oxidant. SA is reported to inhibit acetic acid-induced colitis, but it is unknown whether SA can relieve NSAIDs-induced small intestinal inflammation. Herein, we report that SA effectively reversed the inflammatory lesions induced by indomethacin (Indo) in rat small intestine and IEC-6 cells in culture. Our results showed that SA significantly relieved the symptoms and reversed the inflammatory lesions of Indo as shown in alleviation of inflammation and improvement of colon macroscopic damage index (CMDI) and tissue damage index (TDI) scores. SA decreased the levels of TNF-α, IL-6, IL-1β, MDA and LDH in small intestinal tissues and IEC-6 cells, but increased SOD activity and ZO-1 expression. Mechanistically, SA dose-dependently promoted the expression of Nrf2 and HO-1 by decreasing Keap-1 level, but inhibited p65 phosphorylation and nuclear translocation in Indo-treated rat small intestine and IEC-6 cells. Furthermore, in SA treated cells, the colocalization between p-p65 and CBP in the nucleus was decreased, while the colocalization between Nrf2 and CBP was increased, leading to the movement of gene expression in the nucleus to the direction of anti-inflammation and anti-oxidation. Nrf2 silencing blocked the effects of SA. Together our results suggest that SA can significantly prevent intestinal inflammatory lesions induced by Indo in rats and IEC-6 cells through regulation of the Nrf2 pathway and NF-κBp65 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiu-lian Lin
- Key Laboratory for Quality Evaluation of Bulk Herbs of Hunan Province, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Ya-ning Shi
- Key Laboratory for Quality Evaluation of Bulk Herbs of Hunan Province, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Division of Stem Cell Regulation and Application, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yu-ling Cao
- Key Laboratory for Quality Evaluation of Bulk Herbs of Hunan Province, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Xi Tan
- Key Laboratory for Quality Evaluation of Bulk Herbs of Hunan Province, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Ya-ling Zeng
- Key Laboratory for Quality Evaluation of Bulk Herbs of Hunan Province, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Shi-teng Luo
- Key Laboratory for Quality Evaluation of Bulk Herbs of Hunan Province, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Ya-mei Li
- Key Laboratory for Quality Evaluation of Bulk Herbs of Hunan Province, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Li Qin
- Division of Stem Cell Regulation and Application, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Bo-hou Xia
- Key Laboratory for Quality Evaluation of Bulk Herbs of Hunan Province, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Rong-geng Fu
- Key Laboratory for Quality Evaluation of Bulk Herbs of Hunan Province, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Li-mei Lin
- Key Laboratory for Quality Evaluation of Bulk Herbs of Hunan Province, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Kai Li
- Key Laboratory for Quality Evaluation of Bulk Herbs of Hunan Province, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Deliang Cao
- Key Laboratory for Quality Evaluation of Bulk Herbs of Hunan Province, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, China
- *Correspondence: Deliang Cao, ; Jian-guo Zeng, ; Duan-fang Liao,
| | - Jian-guo Zeng
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- *Correspondence: Deliang Cao, ; Jian-guo Zeng, ; Duan-fang Liao,
| | - Duan-fang Liao
- Key Laboratory for Quality Evaluation of Bulk Herbs of Hunan Province, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Division of Stem Cell Regulation and Application, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, China
- *Correspondence: Deliang Cao, ; Jian-guo Zeng, ; Duan-fang Liao,
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Therapeutic Versus Preventative Use of Ginkgo biloba Extract (EGb 761) against Indomethacin-Induced Gastric Ulcer in Mice. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27175598. [PMID: 36080365 PMCID: PMC9458100 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27175598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Revised: 08/25/2022] [Accepted: 08/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The main bioactive constituents in the standardized Ginkgo biloba leaf extract (EGb 761) are the terpene lactones and flavonoid glycosides. EGb 761’s antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties have previously been demonstrated. Indomethacin-induced gastric ulcers have a multifactorial etiology and represent a major restriction to its therapeutic utility. The underlying ulcerogenic process involves oxidative and inflammatory biomolecular insults. This study was performed to explore the curative and preventative benefits of EGb 761 in experimentally-induced ulcers. To develop gastric ulcers in mice, indomethacin (40 mg/kg) was administered orally. EGb 761 (200 mg/kg) was given by gavage for 7 days before (preventative) and after (therapeutic) indomethacin administration. The histological alterations and macroscopic mucosal lesions were assessed. In gastric tissue homogenates, malondialdehyde (MDA), reduced glutathione (GSH), nitric oxide (NO), and inflammatory cytokines were measured. The expressions of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), cytokines, and proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) in the stomach mucosa were also investigated. The ulcer index, histological alterations, gastric oxidants, and inflammatory biomarkers were all significantly increased by indomethacin. In stomach specimens, it increased COX-2 and PCNA expression. EGb 761 treatments, both prophylactic and therapeutic, resulted in significant reductions in ulcer lesions, nitrosative and oxidative damage, and inflammatory markers, along with the lowering of COX-2 and PCNA expressions. Furthermore, in the fight against stomach ulcers, EGb 761 treatment was found to be more efficient than prevention.
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Namba T, Masaki N, Hitomi Y, Ishinoda Y, Iwashita M, Yumita Y, Kagami K, Yasuda R, Ikegami Y, Toya T, Nagatomo Y, Takase B, Soejima K, Adachi T. Association of serum nitric oxide metabolite level with mortality in patients undergoing coronary angiography. J Cardiol 2022; 80:578-584. [PMID: 35987881 DOI: 10.1016/j.jjcc.2022.07.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2022] [Revised: 07/14/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nitric oxide (NO) is a relevant molecule for vascular homeostasis. The level of serum NO metabolites (NOx), which consist of nitrite and nitrate, has been investigated as an alternative biomarker of NO production, but its clinical value has not yet been determined. METHODS AND RESULTS 143 patients (66 ± 12 years old) were followed up after coronary catheterization. During a median (inter-quartile range) observation period of 6.13 (3.32-9.21) years, there were 20 (14 %) all-cause deaths, including 11 (8 %) cardiovascular deaths, 17 (12 %) major adverse cardiovascular events, and 17 (12 %) hospital admissions for heart failure. Median NOx level was 34.5 μmol/L (23.9-54.3). NOx was a risk factor for all-cause death [hazard ratio (HR) by unit increase, 1.010, 95 % confidence interval (CI) 1.001-1.018; p = 0.021] and heart failure (HR 1.010, CI 1.001-1.019; p = 0.029). Even after adjustment for age, sex, coronary risk factors, C-reactive protein, log-transformed brain natriuretic peptide, estimated glomerular filtration rate, and nitrate treatment, NOx was a risk factor for all-cause death (HR 1.015, CI 1.004-1.027; p = 0.008) and admission with heart failure (HR 1.018, CI 1.005-1.018, p = 0.007). CONCLUSIONS An increase in serum NOx level does not herald a benign clinical course but is an independent predictor of high risk of any-cause mortality and heart failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takayuki Namba
- Department of Cardiology, National Defense Medical College, Tokorozawa, Japan; Department of Cardiology, Kyorin University School of Medicine, Mitaka, Japan
| | - Nobuyuki Masaki
- Department of Intensive Care Medicine, National Defense Medical College, Tokorozawa, Japan.
| | - Yasuhiro Hitomi
- Department of Cardiology, National Defense Medical College, Tokorozawa, Japan
| | - Yuki Ishinoda
- Department of Endocrinology, National Defense Medical College, Tokorozawa, Japan
| | - Midori Iwashita
- Department of Cardiology, National Defense Medical College, Tokorozawa, Japan
| | - Yusuke Yumita
- Department of Cardiology, National Defense Medical College, Tokorozawa, Japan
| | - Kazuki Kagami
- Department of Cardiology, National Defense Medical College, Tokorozawa, Japan
| | - Risako Yasuda
- Department of Cardiology, National Defense Medical College, Tokorozawa, Japan
| | - Yukinori Ikegami
- Department of Cardiology, National Defense Medical College, Tokorozawa, Japan
| | - Takumi Toya
- Department of Cardiology, National Defense Medical College, Tokorozawa, Japan; Department of Intensive Care Medicine, National Defense Medical College, Tokorozawa, Japan
| | - Yuji Nagatomo
- Department of Cardiology, National Defense Medical College, Tokorozawa, Japan
| | - Bonpei Takase
- Department of Intensive Care Medicine, National Defense Medical College, Tokorozawa, Japan
| | - Kyoko Soejima
- Department of Cardiology, Kyorin University School of Medicine, Mitaka, Japan
| | - Takeshi Adachi
- Department of Cardiology, National Defense Medical College, Tokorozawa, Japan
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Lima MSR, de Lima VCO, Piuvezam G, de Azevedo KPM, Maciel BLL, Morais AHDA. Mechanisms of action of anti-inflammatory proteins and peptides with anti-TNF-alpha activity and their effects on the intestinal barrier: A systematic review. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0270749. [PMID: 35939430 PMCID: PMC9359527 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0270749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Accepted: 06/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Several studies in animal models of intestinal inflammation have been performed with the aim of understanding the mechanisms of action of anti-inflammatory proteins and peptides that reduce TNF-α. In order to present the best targets, effects and strategies for the treatment of intestinal inflammation in experimental models, this systematic review (SR) aimed to answer the following question: what are the mechanisms of action of molecules with anti-TNF-α activity on the intestinal barrier? The SR protocol was registered in the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO, number CRD42019131862) and guided by the methodological procedures used for the elaboration of the SR. Articles that were part of the SR were selected considering the eligibility criteria according to the PICO (Population, Intervention, Comparison/Control and Outcomes) and were searched in the PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, Excerpta Medica Database (EMBASE) and ScienceDirect databases. Twenty-five articles reporting studies in rats and mice were selected and the risk of bias was assessed using the tool from the SYstematic Review Center for Laboratory Animal Experimentation (SYRCLE). A descriptive synthesis of the results obtained was carried out. Based on the results, the anti-inflammatory molecules that reduced TNF-α acted mainly on the TNF-TNFR1/TNFR2 and TLR4/MD2 complex signaling pathways, and consequently on the NF-κB pathway. This improved the aspects of the inflammatory diseases studied. In addition, these mechanisms also improved the macroscopic, histological and permeability aspects in the intestine of the animals. These findings point to the potential of protein and peptide molecules that act on inflammatory pathways for medical applications with specific and promising strategic targets, aiming to improve inflammatory diseases that affect the intestine. This systematic review also highlights the need for more details during the methodological description of preclinical studies, since this was a limitation found.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mayara Santa Rosa Lima
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Postgraduate Program, Biosciences Center, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, RN, Brazil
| | - Vanessa Cristina Oliveira de Lima
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Postgraduate Program, Biosciences Center, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, RN, Brazil
| | - Grasiela Piuvezam
- Public Health Postgraduate Program, Center for Health Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, RN, Brazil
- Department of Public Health, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, RN, Brazil
| | - Kesley Pablo Morais de Azevedo
- Public Health Postgraduate Program, Center for Health Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, RN, Brazil
| | - Bruna Leal Lima Maciel
- Nutrition Postgraduate Program, Center for Health Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, RN, Brazil
- Department of Nutrition, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, RN, Brazil
| | - Ana Heloneida de Araújo Morais
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Postgraduate Program, Biosciences Center, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, RN, Brazil
- Nutrition Postgraduate Program, Center for Health Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, RN, Brazil
- Department of Nutrition, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, RN, Brazil
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Cell-free probiotic supernatant (CFS) treatment alleviates indomethacin-induced enterocolopathy in BALB/c mice by down-modulating inflammatory response and oxidative stress: potential alternative targeted treatment. Inflammopharmacology 2022; 30:1685-1703. [PMID: 35505268 DOI: 10.1007/s10787-022-00996-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2022] [Accepted: 04/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Probiotics and their metabolites appear to be a promising approach that targets both the intestinal inflammation and dysbiosis in bowel diseases. In this context, the emergence of the probiotic cell-free supernatant (CFS) has attracted more attention as a safe and targeted alternative therapy with reduced side effects. The use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) can cause significant intestinal alterations and inflammation, leading to experimental enterocolopathy resembling Crohn disease. Therefore, we investigated the effect of CFS supplementation on the inflammation and the mucosal intestinal alterations induced by NSAIDs, indomethacin. In the current study, a murine model of intestinal inflammation was generated by the oral gavage (o.g) of indomethacin (10 mg/kg) to BALB/C mice. A group of mice treated with indomethacin was concomitantly treated orally by CFS for 5 days. The Body Health Condition index was monitored, and histological scores were evaluated. Moreover, oxidative and pro-inflammatory markers were assessed. Interestingly, we observed that CFS treatment attenuated the severity of the intestinal inflammation in our enterocolopathy model and resulted in the improvement of the clinical symptoms and the histopathological features. Notably, nitric oxide, tumor necrosis factor alpha, malondialdehyde, and myeloperoxidase levels were down-modulated by CFS supplementation. Concomitantly, an attenuation of NF-κB p65, iNOS, COX2 expression in the ileum and the colon was reported. Collectively, our data suggest that CFS treatment has a beneficial effect in experimental enterocolopathy model and could constitute a good therapeutic candidate for alleviating inflammatory responses and to maintain mucosal homeostasis during chronic and severe conditions of intestinal inflammation.
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Mateus AP, Mourad M, Power DM. Skin damage caused by scale loss modifies the intestine of chronically stressed gilthead sea bream (Sparus aurata, L.). DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2021; 118:103989. [PMID: 33385418 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2020.103989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2020] [Revised: 12/22/2020] [Accepted: 12/25/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The present study was designed to test if the damage caused by scale loss provokes a change in other innate immune barriers such as the intestine and how chronic stress affects this response. Sea bream (Sparus aurata) were kept in tanks at low density (16 kg m-3, LD) or exposed to a chronic high density (45 kg m-3, HD) stress for 4 weeks. Scales were then removed (approximately 50%) from the left flank in the LD and HD fish. Intestine samples (n = 8/group) were examined before and at 12 h, 3 days and 7 days after scale removal. Changes in the morphology of the intestine revealed that chronic stress and scale loss was associated with intestinal inflammation. Specifically, enterocyte height and the width of the lamina propria, submucosa and muscle layer were significantly increased (p < 0.05) 3 days after skin damage in fish under chronic stress (HD) compared to other treatments (LDWgut3d or HDgut0h). This was associated with a significant up-regulation (p < 0.05) in the intestine of gene transcripts for cell proliferation (pcna) and anti-inflammatory cytokine tgfβ1 and down-regulation of gene transcripts for the pro-inflammatory cytokines tnf-α and il1β (p < 0.05) in HD and LD fish 3 days after scale removal compared to the undamaged control (LDgut0h). Furthermore, a significant up-regulation of kit, a marker of mast cells, in the intestine of HDWgut3d and LDWgut3d fish suggests they may mediate the crosstalk between immune barriers. Skin damage induced an increase in cortisol levels in the anterior intestine in HDWgut12 h fish and significant (p < 0.05) down-regulation of mr expression, irrespective of stress. These results suggest glucocorticoid levels and signalling in the intestine of fish are modified by superficial cutaneous wounds and it likely modulates intestine inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Patrícia Mateus
- Centro de Ciências Do Mar (CCMAR), Comparative Endocrinology and Integrative Biology, Universidade Do Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139, Faro, Portugal; Escola Superior de Saúde, Universidade Do Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139, Faro, Portugal.
| | - Mona Mourad
- Laboratory of Fish Reproduction and Spawning, Aquaculture Division, National Institute of Oceanography & Fisheries, Kayet-bey, Al-Anfoushy, 21556, Alexandria, Egypt.
| | - Deborah M Power
- Centro de Ciências Do Mar (CCMAR), Comparative Endocrinology and Integrative Biology, Universidade Do Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139, Faro, Portugal.
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Nabil M, El Raey MA, Abdo W, Abdelfattah MAO, El-Shazly AM, Sobeh M, Mahmoud MF. Gastro-Protective Effects of Albizia anthelmintica Leaf Extract on Indomethacin-Induced Gastric Ulcer in Wistar Rats: In Silico and In Vivo Studies. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:176. [PMID: 33530540 PMCID: PMC7911069 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10020176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Revised: 01/17/2021] [Accepted: 01/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
We have previously reported that the leaf extract of Albizia anthelmintica exhibited substantial antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, analgesic, and antipyretic properties in vivo. We also comprehensively characterized the active phytoconstituents and found several flavonoids and galloyl glucosides derivatives. In the current work, we explored the gastroprotective effects of the leaf extract in an indomethacin-induced ulcer model and the mechanisms involved. The rats being pretreated with the tested extract (100 and 200 mg kg-1) significantly prevented gastric lesions by 87.4% and 92.3%, respectively, and they had no structural derangements in the gastric mucosa. The extract significantly reduced the elevated levels of IKκB, NF-κB, TNF-α, IL-6, iNOS, and lipid peroxidation; increased the reduced level of glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activity; and reduced glutathione (GSH) in the indomethacin-induced ulcer model. The protective activities of the extract were similar in most aspects to those exerted by the known anti-ulcer drug famotidine. These activities might be attributed to the anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities, and the reduction of iNOS levels. In conclusion, Albizia anthelmintica is a potential candidate for management of gastric ulcers with antioxidant properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Nabil
- Pharmaceutical and Fermentation Industries Development Center (PFIDC), City of Scientific Research and Technological Applications (SRTA-City), New Borg El-Arab 21934, Egypt;
- Pharmacology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Deraya University, New Mina 61768, Egypt
| | - Mohamed A. El Raey
- Department of Phytochemistry and Plant Systematics, Pharmaceutical Division, National Research Centre, Dokki, Cairo 12622, Egypt;
| | - Walied Abdo
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafr El Sheikh 33516, Egypt;
| | | | - Assem M. El-Shazly
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt;
| | - Mansour Sobeh
- AgroBioSciences Research Department, Mohammed VI Polytechnic University, Lot 660–Hay MoulayRachid, Ben-Guerir 43150, Morocco
| | - Mona F. Mahmoud
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt
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11
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Fouad A, Matsumoto K, Amagase K, Yasuda H, Tominaga M, Kato S. Protective Effect of TRPM8 against Indomethacin-Induced Small Intestinal Injury via the Release of Calcitonin Gene-Related Peptide in Mice. Biol Pharm Bull 2021; 44:947-957. [PMID: 34193690 DOI: 10.1248/bpb.b21-00045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Transient receptor potential melastatin 8 (TRPM8) is a non-selective cation channel activated by mild cooling and chemical agents including menthol. Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs have antipyretic, analgesic effects, and they can cause stomach and small intestinal injury. The current study investigated the role of TRPM8 in the pathogenesis of indomethacin-induced small intestinal injury. In male TRPM8-deficient (TRPM8KO) and wild-type (WT) mice, intestinal injury was induced via the subcutaneous administration of indomethacin. In addition, the effect of WS-12, a specific TRPM8 agonist, was examined in TRPM8KO and WT mice with indomethacin-induced intestinal injury. TRPM8KO mice had a significantly higher intestinal ulcerogenic response to indomethacin than WT mice. The repeated administration of WS-12 significantly attenuated the severity of intestinal injury in WT mice. However, this response was abrogated in TRPM8KO mice. Furthermore, in TRPM8-enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP) transgenic mice, which express EGFP under the direction of TRPM8 promoter, the EGFP signals in the indomethacin-treated intestinal mucosa were upregulated. Further, the EGFP signals were commonly found in calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP)-positive sensory afferent neurons and partly colocalized with substance P (SP)-positive neurons in the small intestine. The intestinal CGRP-positive neurons were significantly upregulated after the administration of indomethacin in WT mice. Nevertheless, this response was abrogated in TRPM8KO mice. In contrast, indomethacin increased the expression of intestinal SP-positive neurons in not only WT mice but also TRPM8KO mice. Thus, TRPM8 has a protective effect against indomethacin-induced small intestinal injury. This response may be mediated by the upregulation of CGRP, rather than SP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aliaa Fouad
- Division of Pathological Sciences, Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University
| | - Kenjiro Matsumoto
- Division of Pathological Sciences, Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University
| | - Kikuko Amagase
- Division of Pathological Sciences, Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University
- Laboratory of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapeutics, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ritsumeikan University
| | - Hiroyuki Yasuda
- Division of Pathological Sciences, Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University
| | - Makoto Tominaga
- Division of Cell Signaling, Okazaki Institute for Integrative Bioscience (National Institute for Physiological Sciences)
| | - Shinichi Kato
- Division of Pathological Sciences, Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University
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12
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Hashikawa-Hobara N, Hashikawa N, Sugiman N, Hosoo S, Hirata T, Yamaguchi Y, Yamasaki H, Kawasaki H, Nishibe S. Oral administration of Eucommia ulmoides Oliv. leaves extract protects against atherosclerosis by improving macrophage function in ApoE knockout mice. J Food Sci 2020; 85:4018-4024. [PMID: 32990381 DOI: 10.1111/1750-3841.15461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2020] [Revised: 08/03/2020] [Accepted: 08/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Eucommia leaf extract (ELE) is a traditional Chinese herbal medicine. We investigated the effect of ELE on the development of atherosclerosis and changes in peritoneal macrophage function in apolipoprotein E knockout (ApoE-/- ) mice. At 8 weeks of age, ApoE-/- mice were randomly divided into three groups that were fed a high-fat diet blended with 0% (control), 5% or 10% ELE for a period of 7 weeks. The 10% ELE dose caused an approximately 36% reduction in atherosclerotic lesions, as estimated by oil red O staining. Real-time PCR analysis showed that the 1-week treatment with ELE reduced mRNA levels of Tnf-alpha, Il-1, and Mif in peritoneal macrophages isolated from the ApoE-/- mice. Furthermore, a 1-week treatment with the 10% ELE diet significantly reduced migration and adhesion functions in peritoneal macrophages. These results suggest that a 10% ELE diet reduces atherosclerotic lesions and modulates macrophage function by reducing cytokine expression. PRACTICAL APPLICATION: Eucommia leaf extract (ELE) is a traditional Chinese herbal medicine that reduces atherosclerotic lesions and suppresses inflammatory cytokines expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Narumi Hashikawa-Hobara
- Department of Life Sciences, Okayama University of Science, 1-1 Ridai-cho, Kita-ku, Okayama, 700-0005, Japan
| | - Naoya Hashikawa
- Department of Life Sciences, Okayama University of Science, 1-1 Ridai-cho, Kita-ku, Okayama, 700-0005, Japan
| | - Nao Sugiman
- Kobayashi Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd, 1-30-3 Toyokawa, Ibaraki, Osaka, 567-0057, Japan
| | - Shingo Hosoo
- Kobayashi Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd, 1-30-3 Toyokawa, Ibaraki, Osaka, 567-0057, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Hirata
- Kobayashi Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd, 1-30-3 Toyokawa, Ibaraki, Osaka, 567-0057, Japan
| | - Yasuyo Yamaguchi
- Kobayashi Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd, 1-30-3 Toyokawa, Ibaraki, Osaka, 567-0057, Japan
| | - Hiroo Yamasaki
- Kobayashi Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd, 1-30-3 Toyokawa, Ibaraki, Osaka, 567-0057, Japan
| | - Hiromu Kawasaki
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Matsuyama University, 4-2 Bunkyo-cho, Matsuyama, Ehime, 790-8578, Japan
| | - Sansei Nishibe
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Health Sciences University of Hokkaido, 1757 Kanazawa, Tobetsu-cho, Ishikari, Hokkaido, 061-293, Japan
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13
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Bentley-Hewitt KL, Perrott M, Butts CA, Hedderley DI, Stoklosinski HM, Parkar SG. Influence of kiwifruit on gastric and duodenal inflammation-related gene expression in aspirin-induced gastric mucosal damage in rats. Sci Rep 2020; 10:13055. [PMID: 32747727 PMCID: PMC7400567 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-70006-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2020] [Accepted: 07/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Kiwifruit (KF) contains bioactive compounds with potential anti-inflammatory properties. In this study, we investigated the protective effects of KF on gastric and duodenal damage induced by soluble aspirin in healthy rats. Sixty-four male Sprague Dawley rats were allocated to eight experimental treatments (n = 8) and the experimental diets were fed for 14 days ad libitum. The experimental diets were 20% fresh pureed KF (green-fleshed and gold-fleshed) or 10% glucose solution (control diet). A positive anti-inflammatory control treatment (ranitidine) was included. At the end of the 14-day feeding period, the rats were fasted overnight, and the following morning soluble aspirin (400 mg/kg aspirin) or water (control) was administered by oral gavage. Four hours after aspirin administration, the rats were euthanized and samples taken for analysis. We observed no significant ulcer formation or increase in infiltration of the gastric mucosal inflammatory cells in the rats with the aspirin treatment. Despite this, there were significant changes in gene expression, such as in the duodenum of aspirin-treated rats fed green KF where there was increased expression of inflammation-related genes NOS2 and TNF-alpha. We also observed that gold and green KF diets had a number of contrasting effects on genes related to inflammation and gastro-protective effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kerry L Bentley-Hewitt
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited, Private Bag 11600, Palmerston North, 4442, New Zealand.
| | - Matthew Perrott
- School of Veterinary Science, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - Christine A Butts
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited, Private Bag 11600, Palmerston North, 4442, New Zealand
| | - Duncan I Hedderley
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited, Private Bag 11600, Palmerston North, 4442, New Zealand
| | - Halina M Stoklosinski
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited, Private Bag 11600, Palmerston North, 4442, New Zealand
| | - Shanthi G Parkar
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited, Private Bag 11600, Palmerston North, 4442, New Zealand
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14
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Kim HJ, Lee J, Kim SC, Seo JY, Hong SB, Park YI. Immunostimulating activity of Lycium chinense Miller root extract through enhancing cytokine and chemokine production and phagocytic capacity of macrophages. J Food Biochem 2020; 44:e13215. [PMID: 32215941 DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.13215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2019] [Revised: 03/02/2020] [Accepted: 03/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Whereas the fruits and a small portion of root bark of Lycium trees are commonly marketed in Korea as traditional medicine or functional foods, majority of their whole roots have been largely discarded. To develop the whole root of these plants as more value-added materials, this study aimed to evaluate the potential immunostimulating activity of a water extract (GTR-101) from L. chinense Miller roots using macrophages. The GTR-101 (0-500 μg/ml) significantly, dose-dependently increased the secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α and IL-6), chemokines (RANTES and MIP-1α), nitric oxide, and the expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase, and activated the Akt, NF-κB, and MAPKs (ERK and p38) signaling proteins. GTR-101 also significantly enhanced the phagocytic activity of RAW 264.7 cells and bone marrow-derived macrophages. These results suggest that GTR-101 stimulates the early innate immunity via inducing the pro-inflammatory cytokine and chemokine secretion and enhancing the phagocytic activity of macrophages. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: The GTR-101 prepared from L. chinense Miller roots may be useful for enhancing body's defense systems especially in the elderly and cancer patients with an impaired or reduced immune response and may thus be effectively used as a natural immunostimulating ingredient in health foods or complementary medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyeon Jeong Kim
- Department of Biotechnology, The Catholic University of Korea, Bucheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jisun Lee
- Department of Biotechnology, The Catholic University of Korea, Bucheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong Cheol Kim
- Department of Biotechnology, The Catholic University of Korea, Bucheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong Yeon Seo
- Department of Biotechnology, The Catholic University of Korea, Bucheon, Republic of Korea
| | | | - Yong Il Park
- Department of Biotechnology, The Catholic University of Korea, Bucheon, Republic of Korea
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15
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Eraslan E, Tanyeli A, Güler MC, Kurt N, Yetim Z. Agomelatine prevents indomethacin-induced gastric ulcer in rats. Pharmacol Rep 2020; 72:984-991. [PMID: 32048252 DOI: 10.1007/s43440-019-00049-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2019] [Revised: 10/26/2019] [Accepted: 12/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gastric ulcer is a very common gastrointestinal disease that may be dangerous and even may lead to death. The current study was conducted to detect the prophylactic effects of agomelatine on indomethacin-induced gastric ulcer. METHODS In this study, a total of 5 groups were created as the sham, ulcer, omeprazole, agomelatine 1 mg/kg and agomelatine 5 mg/kg groups. The effects of agomelatine on indomethacin-induced gastric injury were investigated. Total antioxidant and oxidant levels; the oxidant parameters like oxidative stress index and the inflammation markers such as tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin-1β, interleukin-6 and interleukin-10 levels in stomach tissue were determined by ELISA. In addition, the gastric mucosal injury occurred in stomach wall was examined with histopathological methods. RESULTS While the levels of the inflammatory markers, total oxidant status and oxidative stress index increased at an obvious level especially in the indomethacin group, the total antioxidant status levels decreased. It was observed that these parameters were improved at a significant level in agomelatine 1 mg/kg and agomelatine 5 mg/kg groups when compared to ulcer group; and the results were similar to omeprazole group. It was also observed that our histopathological findings were consistent with all our other results. CONCLUSIONS The results of this study showed that agomelatine usage in indomethacin-induced gastric ulcer model provides beneficial results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ersen Eraslan
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Yozgat Bozok University, Yozgat, 66200, Turkey.
| | - Ayhan Tanyeli
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Atatürk University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Mustafa Can Güler
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Atatürk University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Nezahat Kurt
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Atatürk University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Zeliha Yetim
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Atatürk University, Erzurum, Turkey
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16
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Psoralea corylifolia L. Seed Extract Attenuates Methylglyoxal-Induced Insulin Resistance by Inhibition of Advanced Glycation End Product Formation. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2019; 2019:4310319. [PMID: 31976027 PMCID: PMC6954480 DOI: 10.1155/2019/4310319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2019] [Revised: 10/31/2019] [Accepted: 12/05/2019] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Accumulation of advanced glycation end products (AGEs) in the body has been implicated in the pathogenesis of metabolic conditions, such as diabetes mellitus. Methylglyoxal (MGO), a major precursor of AGEs, has been reported to induce insulin resistance in both in vitro and in vivo studies. Psoralea corylifolia seeds (PCS) have been used as a traditional medicine for several diseases, but their potential application in treating insulin resistance has not yet been evaluated. This study is aimed at investigating whether PCS extract could attenuate insulin resistance induced by MGO. Male C57BL/6N mice (6 weeks old) were administered 1% MGO in their drinking water for 18 weeks, and the PCS extract (200 or 500 mg/kg) was orally administered daily from the first day of the MGO administration. We observed that both 200 and 500 mg/kg PCS extract treatment significantly improved glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity and markedly restored p-Akt and p-IRS1/2 expression in the livers of the MGO-administered mice. Additionally, the PCS extract significantly increased the phosphorylation of Akt and IRS-1/2 and glucose uptake in MGO-treated HepG2 cells. Further studies showed that the PCS extract inhibited MGO-induced AGE formation in the HepG2 cells and in the sera of MGO-administered mice. PCS extract also increased the expression of glyoxalase 1 (GLO1) in the liver tissue of MGO-administered mice. The PCS extract significantly decreased the phosphorylation of ERK, p38, and NF-κB and suppressed the mRNA expression of proinflammatory molecules including TNF-α and IL-1β and iNOS in MGO-administered mice. Additionally, we demonstrated that the PCS extract attenuated oxidative stress, as evidenced by the reduced ROS production in the MGO-treated cells and the enhanced expression of antioxidant enzymes in the liver of MGO-administered mice. Thus, PCS extract ameliorated the MGO-induced insulin resistance in HepG2 cells and in mice by reducing oxidative stress via the inhibition of AGE formation. These findings suggest the potential of PCS extract as a candidate for the prevention and treatment of insulin resistance.
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17
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Milk Fermented with Lactobacillus fermentum Ameliorates Indomethacin-Induced Intestinal Inflammation: An Exploratory Study. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11071610. [PMID: 31315186 PMCID: PMC6683036 DOI: 10.3390/nu11071610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2019] [Revised: 07/09/2019] [Accepted: 07/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of milk fermented with Lactobacillus fermentum J20 (FMJ20) or J28 (FMJ28) on ameliorating indomethacin-induced inflammation. Twenty-eight male C57Bl/6 mice were divided into four experimental groups: indomethacin, indomethacin + FMJ20, indomethacin + FMJ28, and untreated (control). Groups were fed fermented milk for 15 days, followed by administration of indomethacin supplied in three sub-doses over experimental period. Body weight, and food consumption were recorded. Additionally, spleen, kidney, and liver were weighed, and the small intestine length was measured. The cytokines in serum (IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, IL-17, IL-23 and TNFα) and in intestinal mucosa (IL-17 and IFNγ) were also determined. Compared to the control, all indomethacin-supplemented groups lost weight (~2.7 g; p < 0.05), but no changes were found in the organ-specific morphometry analysis. FMJ28 showed better results in attenuating serum and intestinal IL-17 levels. Furthermore, showed less epithelial cell loss and inflammatory infiltrates than the other indomethacin-treated groups. These results suggest that FMJ28 may be effective in reducing intestinal and systemic acute inflammation, specifically in mice.
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18
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Effects of pomegranate aril juice and its punicalagin on some key regulators of insulin resistance and oxidative liver injury in streptozotocin-nicotinamide type 2 diabetic rats. Mol Biol Rep 2019; 46:3701-3711. [DOI: 10.1007/s11033-019-04813-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2018] [Accepted: 04/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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19
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Moeinian M, Abdolghaffari AH, Nikfar S, Momtaz S, Abdollahi M. Effects of alpha lipoic acid and its derivative "andrographolid-lipoic acid-1" on ulcerative colitis: A systematic review with meta-analysis of animal studies. J Cell Biochem 2018; 120:4766-4782. [PMID: 30362597 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.27807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2018] [Accepted: 09/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
We aimed to review and meta-analyze the inflammatory and oxidative factors following alpha lipoic acid (ALA) and its derivative "andrographolid-lipoic acid-1" (AL-1) in ulcerative colitis (UC). ALA plays an important role in scavenging intracellular radicals and inflammatory elements. AL-1 is found in herbal medicines with potent anti-inflammatory properties. Data were collected from the Google Scholar, PubMed, Scopus, Evidence-based medicine/clinical trials, and Cochrane library database until 2017, which finally resulted in 22 animal studies (70 rats and 162 mice). The beneficial effects of ALA or AL-1 on the most important parameters of UC were reviewed; also, studies were considered separately in mice and rats. Administration of ALA and AL-1 significantly reduced the tumor necrosis factor-α level compared with the controls, while data were not noteworthy in the meta-analysis (mean differences = -18.57 [95% CI = -42.65 to 5.51], P = 0.13). In spite of insignificant decrease in meta-analysis outcomes (differences = 6.92 [95% CI = -39.33 to 53.16], P = 0.77), a significant reduction in myeloperoxidase activity was shown following ALA or AL-1 treatment compared with the controls. Despite significant differences in each study, we had to exclude some studies to homogenize data for meta-analyzing as they showed insignificant results. Interleukin 6, cyclooxygenase-2, glutathione, malondialdehyde, superoxide dismutase, histopathological score, macroscopic and microscopic scores, disease activity index, body weight change, and colon length were also reviewed. Most studies have emphasized on significant positive effects of ALA and AL-1. Comprehensive clinical trials are obligatory to determine the precious position of ALA or AL-1 in the management of UC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahsa Moeinian
- Toxicology and Diseases Group, The Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences (TIPS), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amir Hossein Abdolghaffari
- Toxicology and Diseases Group, The Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences (TIPS), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Medicinal Plants Research Center, Institute of Medicinal Plants, ACECR, Karaj, Iran.,Gastrointestinal Pharmacology Interest Group (GPIG), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran
| | - Shekoufeh Nikfar
- Toxicology and Diseases Group, The Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences (TIPS), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Pharmacoeconomics and Pharmaceutical Administration, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Saeideh Momtaz
- Toxicology and Diseases Group, The Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences (TIPS), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Medicinal Plants Research Center, Institute of Medicinal Plants, ACECR, Karaj, Iran
| | - Mohammad Abdollahi
- Toxicology and Diseases Group, The Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences (TIPS), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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20
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Zhao JW, Zheng CY, Wei H, Wang DW, Zhu W. Proapoptic and immunotoxic effects of sulfur-fumigated polysaccharides from Smilax glabra Roxb. in RAW264.7 cells. Chem Biol Interact 2018; 292:84-93. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2018.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2017] [Revised: 06/17/2018] [Accepted: 07/11/2018] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
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21
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Jiang Z, Zhao C, Gong X, Sun X, Li H, Zhao Y, Zhou X. Quantification and efficient discovery of quality control markers for Emilia prenanthoidea DC. by Fingerprint-Efficacy Relationship Modelling. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2018; 156:36-44. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2018.04.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2018] [Revised: 04/12/2018] [Accepted: 04/13/2018] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
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22
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Ferrigno A, Berardo C, Di Pasqua LG, Siciliano V, Richelmi P, Nicoletti F, Vairetti M. Selective Blockade of the Metabotropic Glutamate Receptor mGluR5 Protects Mouse Livers in In Vitro and Ex Vivo Models of Ischemia Reperfusion Injury. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:E314. [PMID: 29360756 PMCID: PMC5855547 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19020314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2017] [Revised: 01/18/2018] [Accepted: 01/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
2-Methyl-6-(phenylethynyl)pyridine (MPEP), a negative allosteric modulator of the metabotropic glutamate receptor (mGluR) 5, protects hepatocytes from ischemic injury. In astrocytes and microglia, MPEP depletes ATP. These findings seem to be self-contradictory, since ATP depletion is a fundamental stressor in ischemia. This study attempted to reconstruct the mechanism of MPEP-mediated ATP depletion and the consequences of ATP depletion on protection against ischemic injury. We compared the effects of MPEP and other mGluR5 negative modulators on ATP concentration when measured in rat hepatocytes and acellular solutions. We also evaluated the effects of mGluR5 blockade on viability in rat hepatocytes exposed to hypoxia. Furthermore, we studied the effects of MPEP treatment on mouse livers subjected to cold ischemia and warm ischemia reperfusion. We found that MPEP and 3-[(2-methyl-1,3-thiazol-4-yl)ethynyl]pyridine (MTEP) deplete ATP in hepatocytes and acellular solutions, unlike fenobam. This finding suggests that mGluR5s may not be involved, contrary to previous reports. MPEP, as well as MTEP and fenobam, improved hypoxic hepatocyte viability, suggesting that protection against ischemic injury is independent of ATP depletion. Significantly, MPEP protected mouse livers in two different ex vivo models of ischemia reperfusion injury, suggesting its possible protective deployment in the treatment of hepatic inflammatory conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Ferrigno
- Department of Internal Medicine and Therapeutics, Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology and Toxicology Unit, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy.
| | - Clarissa Berardo
- Department of Internal Medicine and Therapeutics, Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology and Toxicology Unit, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy.
| | - Laura Giuseppina Di Pasqua
- Department of Internal Medicine and Therapeutics, Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology and Toxicology Unit, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy.
| | - Veronica Siciliano
- Department of Internal Medicine and Therapeutics, Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology and Toxicology Unit, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy.
| | - Plinio Richelmi
- Department of Internal Medicine and Therapeutics, Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology and Toxicology Unit, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy.
| | - Ferdinando Nicoletti
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Sapienza University, 00185 Roma, Italy.
- I.R.C.C.S. Neuromed, 86077 Pozzilli, Italy.
| | - Mariapia Vairetti
- Department of Internal Medicine and Therapeutics, Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology and Toxicology Unit, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy.
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23
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Inate immunity in rosacea. Langerhans cells, plasmacytoid dentritic cells, Toll-like receptors and inducible oxide nitric synthase (iNOS) expression in skin specimens: case-control study. Arch Dermatol Res 2018; 310:139-146. [DOI: 10.1007/s00403-018-1806-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2017] [Revised: 06/30/2017] [Accepted: 01/04/2018] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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24
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de Aquino PEA, Magalhães TR, Nicolau LAD, Leal LKAM, de Aquino NC, Dos Santos SM, Neves KRT, Silveira ER, Viana GSDB. The anti-inflammatory effects of N-methyl-(2S,4R)-trans-4-hydroxy-l-proline from Syderoxylon obtusifolium are related to its inhibition of TNF-alpha and inflammatory enzymes. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2017; 24:14-23. [PMID: 28160854 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2016.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2016] [Revised: 09/10/2016] [Accepted: 11/13/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sideroxylon obtusifolium (Roem. & Schult.) T.D. Penn., Sapotaceae family, is a medicinal species native to the Brazilian Northeastern region. The plant is popularly used as an anti-inflammatory and hypoglycemic. PURPOSE To evaluate the anti-inflammatory properties of the N-methyl-(2S,4R)-trans-4-hydroxy-l-proline (NMP) from S. obtusifolium leaves in models of inflammation and to clarify its action mechanisms. METHODS Male Swiss mice were distributed intocontrols and groups treated with NMP (25, 50 and 100mg/kg, p.o.), indomethacin or morphine (reference drugs). The animals were subjected to the formalin, carrageenan-induced edema and peritonitis tests. Furthermore, peritoneal lavage and slices from edematous paws were used for histological and immunohistochemical (iNOS, TNF-alpha, COX-2 and NF-kB) assays. RESULTS Decreases in licking time, in the 1st and mainly in the 2nd phases of the formalin test, were shown after NMP treatments. In addition, decreases (around 50%) in paw edema were noticed at the 3rd h. The HE staining of paw slices demonstrated a complete reversion of the increased PMN cell numberafter NMP treatment. Similarly, decreases higher than 70% were also demonstrated in PMN cells, in the peritoneal fluid. Furthermore, NMP significantly decreased iNOS, TNF-alpha, COX-2 and NF-kB immunoreactivities. CONCLUSIONS We showed that S. obtusifolium presents a potent anti-inflammatory activity, due to the presence of the N-methyl-(2S,4R)-trans-4-hydroxy-l-proline(NMP) in the plant extract. This action is related to the inhibition by NMP of TNF-alpha and inflammatory enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Glauce Socorro de Barros Viana
- Faculty of Medicine of the Federal University of Ceará (UFC), Ceará, Brazil; Faculty of Medicine Estácio of Juazeiro do Norte (FMJ), Ceará, Brazil.
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ÇEVİK Ö, ADIGÜZEL Z, BAYKAL AT, ŞENER A. Tumor necrosis factor-alpha induced caspase-3 activation-related iNOS gene expression in ADP-activated platelets. Turk J Biol 2017. [DOI: 10.3906/biy-1509-64] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
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Singh DP, Borse SP, Nivsarkar M. Clinical importance of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug enteropathy: the relevance of tumor necrosis factor as a promising target. Transl Res 2016; 175:76-91. [PMID: 27083387 DOI: 10.1016/j.trsl.2016.03.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2016] [Revised: 03/18/2016] [Accepted: 03/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The pathogenesis of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) enteropathy is still unclear, and consequently, there is no approved therapeutic strategy for ameliorating such damage. On the other hand, molecular treatment strategies targeting tumor necrosis factor (TNF) exerts beneficial effects on NSAID-induced intestinal lesions in rodents and rheumatoid arthritis patients. Thus, TNF appears to be a potential therapeutic target for both the prevention and treatment of NSAID enteropathy. However, the causative relationship between TNF and NSAID enteropathy is largely unknown. Currently approved anti-TNF agents are highly expensive and exhibit numerous side effects. Hence, in this review, the pivotal role of TNF in NSAID enteropathy has been summarized and plant-derived polyphenols have been suggested as useful alternative anti-TNF agents because of their ability to suppress TNF activated inflammatory pathways both in vitro and in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Devendra Pratap Singh
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, B. V. Patel Pharmaceutical Education and Research Development (PERD) Centre, Thaltej, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India; Registered Ph.D Scholar (External) at Institute of Pharmacy, NIRMA University, Sarkhej-Gandhinagar Highway, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India
| | - Swapnil P Borse
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, B. V. Patel Pharmaceutical Education and Research Development (PERD) Centre, Thaltej, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India; Registered Ph.D Scholar (External) at Institute of Pharmacy, NIRMA University, Sarkhej-Gandhinagar Highway, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India
| | - Manish Nivsarkar
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, B. V. Patel Pharmaceutical Education and Research Development (PERD) Centre, Thaltej, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India.
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Physiological and pathophysiological factors affecting the expression and activity of the drug transporter MRP2 in intestine. Impact on its function as membrane barrier. Pharmacol Res 2016; 109:32-44. [DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2016.04.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2016] [Revised: 04/15/2016] [Accepted: 04/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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Arezoomandan R, Moradi M, Attarzadeh-Yazdi G, Tomaz C, Haghparast A. Administration of activated glial condition medium in the nucleus accumbens extended extinction and intensified reinstatement of methamphetamine-induced conditioned place preference. Brain Res Bull 2016; 125:106-16. [PMID: 27346277 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2016.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2016] [Revised: 06/17/2016] [Accepted: 06/21/2016] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Methamphetamine (METH) is a psychostimulant drug with significant abuse potential and neurotoxic effects. A high percentage of users relapse to use after detoxification and no effective medication has been developed for treatment of METH addiction. Developing evidences indicated the role of glial cells in drugs abused related phenomena. However, little is known about the role of these cells in the maintenance and reinstatement of METH-seeking behaviors. Therefore, the current study was conducted to clarify the role of glial cells in the maintenance and reinstatement of METH-induced conditioned place preference (CPP) in rats. Astrocyte condition medium (ACM) and neuroglia conditioned medium (NCM) are liquid mediums prepared from primary astrocyte and neuroglia cells. These mediums seem to contain many factors that release by glia cells. CPP was induced by systemic administration of METH (1mg/kg for 5days, s.c.). Following the establishment of CPP, the rats were given daily bilateral injections (0.5μl/side) of either vehicle, ACM or NCM into the nucleus accumbens (NAc) and then were tested for the maintenance and reinstatement. Intra-NAc administration of ACM treated with METH, could extend the extinction period and also, intensified the magnitude of METH reinstatement. Furthermore, intra-accumbal administration of NCM treated with METH notably delayed the extinction period by four days and significantly increased the magnitude of CPP score in the reinstatement phase compared to the post-test phase. Collectively, these findings suggested that activation of glial cells may be involved in the maintenance and reinstatement of METH-seeking behaviors. It provides new evidence that glia cells might be considered as a potential target for the treatment of METH addiction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reza Arezoomandan
- Neuroscience Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Addiction Department, Center of Excellence in Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology, School of Behavioral Sciences and Mental Health (Institute of Tehran Psychiatry), Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Marzieh Moradi
- Neuroscience Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ghassem Attarzadeh-Yazdi
- Molecular Medicine Research Centre, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran; Iran National Science Foundation, Tehran, Iran
| | - Carlos Tomaz
- Department of Physiological Sciences, University of Brasilia, Brasilia, Brazil
| | - Abbas Haghparast
- Neuroscience Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Iran National Science Foundation, Tehran, Iran.
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Administration of the Glial Condition Medium in the Nucleus Accumbens Prolong Maintenance and Intensify Reinstatement of Morphine-Seeking Behavior. Neurochem Res 2015; 41:855-68. [DOI: 10.1007/s11064-015-1762-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2015] [Revised: 10/27/2015] [Accepted: 11/04/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Ronza P, Bermúdez R, Losada AP, Sitjà-Bobadilla A, Pardo BG, Quiroga MI. Immunohistochemical detection and gene expression of TNFα in turbot (Scophthalmus maximus) enteromyxosis. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2015; 47:368-376. [PMID: 26386194 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2015.09.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2015] [Revised: 08/29/2015] [Accepted: 09/15/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Enteromyxum scophthalmi (Myxozoa) constitutes one of the most devastating pathogens for turbot (Scophthalmus maximus, L.) aquaculture. This parasite causes a severe intestinal parasitosis that leads to a cachectic syndrome with high morbidity and mortality rates for which no therapeutic options are available. Presence of inflammatory infiltrates, increased apoptotic rates and epithelial detaching have been described at intestinal level, as well as leukocyte depletion in lymphohaematopoietic organs. Previous investigations on enteromyxosis in turbot showed the high susceptibility of this species to the parasite and reported the existence of a dysregulated immune response against the parasite. The pleiotropic cytokine tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNFα) plays a major role in immune response and is involved in a wide range of biological activities. In teleost, the gene expression of this cytokine has been found regulated under several pathological conditions. Teleost TNFα shows some analogous functions with its mammalian counterparts, but the extent of its activities is still poorly understood. Cytokines are generally considered as a double-edge sword and TNFα has been implicated in the pathogenesis of different inflammatory diseases as well as in wasting syndromes described in mammals. The aim of this work was to analyse the expression of TNFα during enteromyxosis with molecular (Q-PCR) and morphological (immunohistochemistry) tools. Kidney, spleen and pyloric caeca from turbot with moderate and severe infections were analysed and compared to healthy naïve fish. TNFα expression was increased in both spleen and kidney in the earlier stages of the disease, whereas in severely infected fish, the expression decreased, especially in kidney. At the intestinal level, an increase in the number of TNFα-positive cells was noticed, which was proportional to the infiltration of inflammatory cells. The results demonstrate the involvement of TNFα in the immune response to E. scophthalmi in turbot, which could be related to the development of the clinic signs and lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paolo Ronza
- Departamento de Ciencias Clínicas Veterinarias, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, 27002, Lugo, Spain.
| | - Roberto Bermúdez
- Departamento de Anatomía y Producción Animal, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, 27002, Lugo, Spain.
| | - Ana Paula Losada
- Departamento de Ciencias Clínicas Veterinarias, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, 27002, Lugo, Spain.
| | - Ariadna Sitjà-Bobadilla
- Instituto de Acuicultura Torre de la Sal (IATS-CSIC), Ribera de Cabanes, Castellón 12595, Spain.
| | - Belén G Pardo
- Departamento de Genética, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, 27002, Lugo, Spain.
| | - María Isabel Quiroga
- Departamento de Ciencias Clínicas Veterinarias, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, 27002, Lugo, Spain.
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Todorović N, Tomanović N, Gass P, Filipović D. Olanzapine modulation of hepatic oxidative stress and inflammation in socially isolated rats. Eur J Pharm Sci 2015; 81:94-102. [PMID: 26474692 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2015.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2015] [Revised: 10/05/2015] [Accepted: 10/10/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Olanzapine, an atypical antipsychotic, is efficient in stress associated psychiatric diseases, but its effect on the liver, a primary organ for drug activation and detoxification, still remains unclear. The effect of olanzapine administration (7.5mg/kg/day), on rat hepatic glutathione (GSH)-dependent defense and proinflammatory cytokines following 6weeks of chronic social isolation (CSIS), which causes depressive- and anxiety-like behavior in adult male Wistar rats, was investigated. The subcellular distribution of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB), cytosolic inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) protein levels and hepatic histological alterations were also determined. Decreased GSH content and glutathione reductase activity associated with increased catalase and glutathione S-transferase activity following CSIS indicated hepatic oxidative stress. Moreover, CSIS caused NF-κB nuclear translocation and the concomitant increase in iNOS together with increase in interleukin-1beta and tumor necrosis factor alpha protein levels, but no effect on interleukin-6. Olanzapine treatment suppressed NF-κB activation and iNOS expression and caused modulation of GSH-dependent defense systems but failed to reverse CSIS-induced increase in hepatic proinflammatory cytokines. Portal inflammation, focal hepatocyte necrosis and an increased number of Kupffer cells in CSIS rats (vehicle- or olanzapine-treated) were found. Olanzapine-treated socially reared rats showed portal inflammation and focal hepatocyte necrosis. Data suggest that CSIS compromised GSH-dependent defense, triggered a proinflammatory response and histological alterations in rat liver. Olanzapine treatment partially reversed the alterations in hepatic GSH-dependent defense, but showed no anti-inflammatory effect suggesting that it may provide protective effect against hepatic CSIS-induced oxidative stress, but not against inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nevena Todorović
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Endocrinology, Institute of Nuclear Sciences "Vinča", University of Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Nada Tomanović
- Institute of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Peter Gass
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Germany
| | - Dragana Filipović
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Endocrinology, Institute of Nuclear Sciences "Vinča", University of Belgrade, Serbia.
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Tarasenko TN, Singh LN, Chatterji-Len M, Zerfas PM, Cusmano-Ozog K, McGuire PJ. Kupffer cells modulate hepatic fatty acid oxidation during infection with PR8 influenza. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2015; 1852:2391-401. [PMID: 26319418 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2015.08.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2015] [Revised: 08/20/2015] [Accepted: 08/25/2015] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
In response to infection, patients with inborn errors of metabolism may develop a functional deterioration termed metabolic decompensation. The biochemical hallmarks of this disruption of metabolic homeostasis are disease specific and may include acidosis, hyperammonemia or hypoglycemia. In a model system previously published by our group, we noted that during influenza infection, mice displayed a depression in hepatic mitochondrial enzymes involved in nitrogen metabolism. Based on these findings, we hypothesized that this normal adaptation may extend to other metabolic pathways, and as such, may impact various inborn errors of metabolism. Since the liver is a critical organ in inborn errors of metabolism, we carried out untargeted metabolomic profiling of livers using mass spectrometry in C57Bl/6 mice infected with influenza to characterize metabolic adaptation. Pathway analysis of metabolomic data revealed reductions in CoA synthesis, and long chain fatty acyl CoA and carnitine species. These metabolic adaptations coincided with a depression in hepatic long chain β-oxidation mRNA and protein. To our surprise, the metabolic changes observed occurred in conjunction with a hepatic innate immune response, as demonstrated by transcriptional profiling and flow cytometry. By employing an immunomodulation strategy to deplete Kupffer cells, we were able to improve the expression of multiple genes involved in β-oxidation. Based on these findings, we are the first to suggest that the role of the liver as an immunologic organ is central in the pathophysiology of hepatic metabolic decompensation in inborn errors of metabolism due to respiratory viral infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatyana N Tarasenko
- Metabolism, Infection and Immunity Unit, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Larry N Singh
- Center for Mitochondrial and Epigenomic Medicine, Department of Pathology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Milani Chatterji-Len
- Metabolism, Infection and Immunity Unit, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Patricia M Zerfas
- Office of Research Services, Division of Veterinary Resources, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Kristina Cusmano-Ozog
- Biochemical Genetics and Metabolism Laboratory, Children's National Medical Center, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Peter J McGuire
- Metabolism, Infection and Immunity Unit, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
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Benhamou Y, Miranda S, Armengol G, Harouki N, Drouot L, Zahr N, Thuillez C, Boyer O, Levesque H, Joannides R, Richard V. Infliximab improves endothelial dysfunction in a mouse model of antiphospholipid syndrome: Role of reduced oxidative stress. Vascul Pharmacol 2015; 71:93-101. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vph.2015.03.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2014] [Revised: 02/24/2015] [Accepted: 03/30/2015] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Mitochondrial Oxidative Stress, Mitochondrial DNA Damage and Their Role in Age-Related Vascular Dysfunction. Int J Mol Sci 2015; 16:15918-53. [PMID: 26184181 PMCID: PMC4519931 DOI: 10.3390/ijms160715918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 171] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2015] [Revised: 06/17/2015] [Accepted: 06/29/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The prevalence of cardiovascular diseases is significantly increased in the older population. Risk factors and predictors of future cardiovascular events such as hypertension, atherosclerosis, or diabetes are observed with higher frequency in elderly individuals. A major determinant of vascular aging is endothelial dysfunction, characterized by impaired endothelium-dependent signaling processes. Increased production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) leads to oxidative stress, loss of nitric oxide (•NO) signaling, loss of endothelial barrier function and infiltration of leukocytes to the vascular wall, explaining the low-grade inflammation characteristic for the aged vasculature. We here discuss the importance of different sources of ROS for vascular aging and their contribution to the increased cardiovascular risk in the elderly population with special emphasis on mitochondrial ROS formation and oxidative damage of mitochondrial DNA. Also the interaction (crosstalk) of mitochondria with nicotinamide adenosine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidases is highlighted. Current concepts of vascular aging, consequences for the development of cardiovascular events and the particular role of ROS are evaluated on the basis of cell culture experiments, animal studies and clinical trials. Present data point to a more important role of oxidative stress for the maximal healthspan (healthy aging) than for the maximal lifespan.
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Parra RS, Lopes AH, Carreira EU, Feitosa MR, Cunha FQ, Garcia SB, Cunha TM, da Rocha JJR, Féres O. Hyperbaric oxygen therapy ameliorates TNBS-induced acute distal colitis in rats. Med Gas Res 2015; 5:6. [PMID: 25926972 PMCID: PMC4414439 DOI: 10.1186/s13618-015-0026-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2015] [Accepted: 04/06/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study investigated the therapeutic effects of hyperbaric oxygen in experimental acute distal colitis focusing on its effect on the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines, nitric oxide and hypoxia-inducible factor 1alpha. METHODS Colitis was induced with a rectal infusion of 150 mg/kg of TNBS under anesthesia with Ketamine (50 mg/kg) and Xylazine (10 mg/kg). Control animals received only rectal saline. After colitis induction, animals were subjected to two sessions of hyperbaric oxygen and were then euthanized. The distal intestine was resected for macroscopic analysis, determination of myeloperoxidase activity, western-blotting analyses of inducible nitric oxide synthase and cyclooxygenase-2 expression and immunohistochemical analysis of hypoxia-inducible factor 1alpha and cyclooxygenase-2. Cytokines levels in the distal intestine were measured using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. RESULTS Hyperbaric oxygen therapy attenuated the severity of acute distal colitis, with reduced macroscopic damage score. This effect was associated with prevention in the increase of pro-inflammatory cytokine production; myeloperoxidase activity, in the expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase and cyclooxygenase-2. Finally, hyperbaric oxygen inhibited the acute distal colitis-induced up-regulation of hypoxia-inducible factor 1alpha. CONCLUSIONS The results indicate that hyperbaric oxygen attenuates the severity of acute distal colitis through the down-regulation of pro-inflammatory events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rogério S Parra
- />Division of Coloproctology, Department of Surgery and Anatomy. Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP Brazil
| | - Alexandre H Lopes
- />Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP Brazil
| | - Eleonora U Carreira
- />Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP Brazil
| | - Marley R Feitosa
- />Division of Coloproctology, Department of Surgery and Anatomy. Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP Brazil
| | - Fernando Q Cunha
- />Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP Brazil
| | - Sérgio B Garcia
- />Department of Pathology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP Brazil
| | - Thiago M Cunha
- />Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP Brazil
| | - José J R da Rocha
- />Division of Coloproctology, Department of Surgery and Anatomy. Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP Brazil
| | - Omar Féres
- />Division of Coloproctology, Department of Surgery and Anatomy. Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP Brazil
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High glucose alters retinal astrocytes phenotype through increased production of inflammatory cytokines and oxidative stress. PLoS One 2014; 9:e103148. [PMID: 25068294 PMCID: PMC4113377 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0103148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2014] [Accepted: 06/26/2014] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Astrocytes are macroglial cells that have a crucial role in development of the retinal vasculature and maintenance of the blood-retina-barrier (BRB). Diabetes affects the physiology and function of retinal vascular cells including astrocytes (AC) leading to breakdown of BRB. However, the detailed cellular mechanisms leading to retinal AC dysfunction under high glucose conditions remain unclear. Here we show that high glucose conditions did not induce the apoptosis of retinal AC, but instead increased their rate of DNA synthesis and adhesion to extracellular matrix proteins. These alterations were associated with changes in intracellular signaling pathways involved in cell survival, migration and proliferation. High glucose conditions also affected the expression of inflammatory cytokines in retinal AC, activated NF-κB, and prevented their network formation on Matrigel. In addition, we showed that the attenuation of retinal AC migration under high glucose conditions, and capillary morphogenesis of retinal endothelial cells on Matrigel, was mediated through increased oxidative stress. Antioxidant proteins including heme oxygenase-1 and peroxiredoxin-2 levels were also increased in retinal AC under high glucose conditions through nuclear localization of transcription factor nuclear factor-erythroid 2-related factor-2. Together our results demonstrated that high glucose conditions alter the function of retinal AC by increased production of inflammatory cytokines and oxidative stress with significant impact on their proliferation, adhesion, and migration.
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The relationship between N-acetylcysteine, hyperbaric oxygen, and inflammation in a rat model of acetaminophen-induced nephrotoxicity. Inflammation 2014; 36:1145-52. [PMID: 23624663 DOI: 10.1007/s10753-013-9649-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
An overdose of acetaminophen (APAP) produces acute tubular necrosis. The aim of this study was to observe the effects of hyperbaric oxygen (HBO) only and combined with N-acetylcysteine (NAC) on inflammatory cytokines in kidney. Thirty-two male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into four groups: sham, control (APAP), NAC, and NAC + HBO. In the APAP, NAC, and NAC + HBO groups, renal injury was induced by oral administration of 1 g/kg APAP. The NAC group received NAC (100 mg/kg/day). NAC + HBO group received NAC (100 mg/kg/day) intraperitoneally and HBO underwent at 2.8 ATA pressure with 100 % oxygen inhalation for 90 min every 12 h for 5 days. Rats in the sham group received distilled water only by gastric tube. All animals were killed on 6 days after APAP or distilled water administration. Creatinine, urea, neopterin, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and interleukin (IL)-6 levels were measured in sera. There was a significant increase in serum creatinine and urea levels in the control group compared to the sham group (in both, p = 0.001). NAC and NAC + HBO significantly decreased serum neopterin, TNF-α, and IL-6 levels compared to control group. APAP administration caused tubular necrosis in the renal. NAC and NAC + HBO treatments significantly reduced APAP-induced renal damage. The results of this study showed that renal dysfunction in APAP toxicity was attenuated by the use of HBO and NAC treatments. The combination of NAC and HBO treatments might be recommended as an effective treatment modality for APAP-induced nephrotoxicity.
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Iida A, Ouchi S, Oda T, Aketagawa J, Ito Y, Takizawa Y, Tomita M, Hayashi M. RETRACTED ARTICLE: Changes of Absorptive and Secretory Transporting System of (1 → 3) β-D-glucan Based on Efflux Transporter in Indomethacin-induced Rat. Eur J Drug Metab Pharmacokinet 2014; 40:29-38. [DOI: 10.1007/s13318-014-0174-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2013] [Accepted: 01/08/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Aires RD, Capettini LSA, Silva JF, Rodrigues-Machado MDG, Pinho V, Teixeira MM, Cortes SF, Lemos VS. Paraquat poisoning induces TNF-α-dependent iNOS/NO mediated hyporesponsiveness of the aorta to vasoconstrictors in rats. PLoS One 2013; 8:e73562. [PMID: 24039983 PMCID: PMC3767802 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0073562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2013] [Accepted: 07/19/2013] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Paraquat is a toxic herbicide that may induce acute lung injury, circulatory failure and death. The present work aimed at investigating whether there is systemic inflammation and vascular dysfunction after paraquat exposure and whether these parameters were related. There was neutrophilia and accumulation of neutrophils in lung and bronchoalveolar lavage of animals given paraquat. This was associated with an increase in serum levels of TNF-α. In rats given paraquat, the relaxant response of aortic rings to acetylcholine was not modified but the contractile response to phenylephrine was greatly reduced. Endothelium removal or treatment with non-selective (L-NAME) or selective (L-NIL) inhibitors of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) restored contraction of aortas. There was greater production of nitric oxide (NO), which was restored to basal level by L-NIL, and greater expression of iNOS in endothelial cells, as seen by Western blot analyses and confocal microscopy. Blockade of TNF-α reduced pulmonary and systemic inflammation and vascular dysfunction. Together, our results clearly show that paraquat causes pulmonary and systemic inflammation, and vascular dysfunction in rats. Vascular dysfunction is TNF-α dependent, associated with enhanced expression of iNOS in aortic endothelial cells and greater NO production, which accounts for the decreased responsiveness of aortas to vasoconstrictors. Blockers of TNF-α may be useful in patients with paraquat poisoning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosária D. Aires
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, ICB, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Luciano S. A. Capettini
- Department of Pharmacology, ICB, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Josiane F. Silva
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, ICB, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | | | - Vanessa Pinho
- Department of Morphology, ICB, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Mauro M. Teixeira
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, ICB, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Steyner F. Cortes
- Department of Pharmacology, ICB, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Virginia S. Lemos
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, ICB, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
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Bojalil R, Mata-González MT, Sánchez-Muñoz F, Yee Y, Argueta I, Bolaños L, Amezcua-Guerra LM, Camacho-Villegas TA, Sánchez-Castrejón E, García-Ubbelohde WJ, Licea-Navarro AF, Márquez-Velasco R, Paniagua-Solís JF. Anti-tumor necrosis factor VNAR single domains reduce lethality and regulate underlying inflammatory response in a murine model of endotoxic shock. BMC Immunol 2013; 14:17. [PMID: 23548047 PMCID: PMC3621089 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2172-14-17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2012] [Accepted: 03/11/2013] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In sepsis, tumor necrosis factor (TNF) is the key factor triggering respiratory burst, tissue injury and disseminated coagulation. Anti-TNF strategies based on monoclonal antibodies or F(ab')₂ fragments have been used in sepsis with contradictory results. Immunoglobulin new antigen receptors (IgNAR) are a unique subset of antibodies consisting of five constant (CNAR) and one variable domains (VNAR). VNAR domains are the smallest, naturally occurring, antibody-based immune recognition units, having potential use as therapy. Our aim was to explore the impact of an anti-TNF VNAR on survival in an experimental model of endotoxic shock. Also, mRNA expression and serum protein of several inflammatory molecules were measured. RESULTS Endotoxic shock was induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in male Balb/c mice. Animals were treated with anti-TNF VNAR domains, F(ab')₂ antibody fragments, or saline solution 15 minutes before, 2 h and 24 h after lethal dose₁₀₀ (LD₁₀₀) LPS administration. TNF blockade with either VNAR domains or F(ab')₂ fragments were associated with lower mortality (60% and 75%, respectively) compared to LD₁₀₀. Challenge with LPS induced significant production of serum TNF and interleukins -10 and -6 at 3 h. After that, significant reduction of IL-6 at 24 h (vs 3 h) was shown only in the VNAR group. Nitrites level also increased in response to LPS. In liver, TNF and IL-10 mRNA expression showed a pro-inflammatory imbalance in response to LPS. Blocking TNF was associated with a shift towards an anti-inflammatory status; however, polarization was more pronounced in animals receiving F(ab')₂ fragments than in those with VNAR therapy. With regard to IL-6, gene expression was increased at 3 h in all groups. TNF blockade was associated with rapid and sustained suppression of IL-6 expression, even more evident in the VNAR group. Finally, expression of inducible-nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) increased in response to LPS at 3 h, but this was decreased at 24 h only in the anti-TNF VNAR group. CONCLUSIONS Anti-TNF VNAR single domains improved survival in a murine model of endotoxic shock. Protection was associated with regulation in the TNF/IL-10 balance, attenuation of IL-6 and iNOS gene expression in the liver as well as decreased serum IL-6 concentration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael Bojalil
- Department of Immunology, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chávez, Mexico City, Mexico
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Rossignol DA. Hyperbaric oxygen treatment for inflammatory bowel disease: a systematic review and analysis. Med Gas Res 2012; 2:6. [PMID: 22417628 PMCID: PMC3328239 DOI: 10.1186/2045-9912-2-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2012] [Accepted: 03/15/2012] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Traditionally, hyperbaric oxygen treatment (HBOT) has been used to treat a limited repertoire of disease, including decompression sickness and healing of problem wounds. However, some investigators have used HBOT to treat inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), including Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis. Methods Comprehensive searches were conducted in 8 scientific databases through 2011 to identify publications using HBOT in IBD. Human studies and animal models were collated separately. Results Thirteen studies of HBOT in Crohn's disease and 6 studies in ulcerative colitis were identified. In all studies, participants had severe disease refractory to standard medical treatments, including corticosteroids, immunomodulators and anti-inflammatory medications. In patients with Crohn's disease, 31/40 (78%) had clinical improvements with HBOT, while all 39 patients with ulcerative colitis improved. One study in Crohn's disease reported a significant decrease in proinflammatory cytokines (IL-1, IL-6 and TNF-alpha) and one study in ulcerative colitis reported a decrease in IL-6 with HBOT. Adverse events were minimal. Twelve publications reported using HBOT in animal models of experimentally-induced IBD, including several studies reporting decreased markers of inflammation or immune dysregulation, including TNF-alpha (3 studies), IL-1beta (2 studies), neopterin (1 study) and myeloperoxidase activity (5 studies). HBOT also decreased oxidative stress markers including malondialdehyde (3 studies) and plasma carbonyl content (2 studies), except for one study that reported increased plasma carbonyl content. Several studies reported HBOT lowered nitric oxide (3 studies) and nitric oxide synthase (3 studies) and one study reported a decrease in prostaglandin E2 levels. Four animal studies reported decreased edema or colonic tissue weight with HBOT, and 8 studies reported microscopic improvements on histopathological examination. Although most publications reported improvements with HBOT, some studies suffered from limitations, including possible publication and referral biases, the lack of a control group, the retrospective nature and a small number of participants. Conclusions HBOT lowered markers of inflammation and oxidative stress and ameliorated IBD in both human and animal studies. Most treated patients were refractory to standard medical treatments. Additional studies are warranted to investigate the effects of HBOT on biomarkers of oxidative stress and inflammation as well as clinical outcomes in individuals with IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel A Rossignol
- Rossignol Medical Center, 3800 West Eau Gallie Blvd,, Melbourne, FL 32934, USA.
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Role of nitrative and oxidative DNA damage in inflammation-related carcinogenesis. J Biomed Biotechnol 2012; 2012:623019. [PMID: 22363173 PMCID: PMC3272848 DOI: 10.1155/2012/623019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2011] [Accepted: 10/07/2011] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic inflammation induced by biological, chemical, and physical factors has been found to be associated with the increased risk of cancer in various organs. We revealed that infectious agents including liver fluke, Helicobacter pylori, and human papilloma virus and noninfectious agents such as asbestos fiber induced iNOS-dependent formation of 8-nitroguanine and 8-oxo-7, 8-dihydro-2′-deoxyguanosine (8-oxodG) in cancer tissues and precancerous regions. Our results with the colocalization of phosphorylated ATM and γ-H2AX with 8-oxodG and 8-nitroguanine in inflammation-related cancer tissues suggest that DNA base damage leads to double-stranded breaks. It is interesting from the aspect of genetic instability. We also demonstrated IL-6-modulated iNOS expression via STAT3 and EGFR in Epstein-Barr-virus-associated nasopharyngeal carcinoma and found promoter hypermethylation in several tumor suppressor genes. Such epigenetic alteration may occur by controlling the DNA methylation through IL-6-mediated JAK/STAT3 pathways. Collectively, 8-nitroguanine would be a useful biomarker for predicting the risk of inflammation-related cancers.
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Lönnkvist MH, Theodorsson E, Holst M, Ljung T, Hellström PM. Blood chemistry markers for evaluation of inflammatory activity in Crohn's disease during infliximab therapy. Scand J Gastroenterol 2011; 46:420-7. [PMID: 21114432 DOI: 10.3109/00365521.2010.539253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE There is a discrepancy between clinical activity and biomarkers in inflammatory bowel disease. The Harvey-Bradshaw index (HBi) is steadfast to evaluate disease activity. A set of biological markers (high sensitive C-reactive protein [hs-CRP], calprotectin, total nitrite, soluble urokinase Plasminogen Activator Receptor [suPAR], ghrelin and endothelin) are investigated to study inflammatory activity and correlation with HBi during infliximab therapy. MATERIAL AND METHODS Patients with Crohn's disease (n = 22) were assessed and blood samples drawn before and 1 week after infliximab infusion (5 mg/kg) and repeated after 6 months, and compared to healthy volunteers. Hs-CRP, calprotectin, suPAR, ghrelin and endothelin were analyzed with immunoassays, and total nitrite with Griess-reaction. Results were analyzed with Wilcoxon matched-pairs test, Mann-Whitney test and Spearman correlations. RESULTS After the first infusion visit, HBi and calprotectin values decreased while nitrite increased (p < 0.05). At the 6-month visit, pre-infusion index and biomarkers had returned to baseline levels. Post-infusion, again the values of HBi, hs-CRP and calprotectin decreased (p < 0.05). The suPAR levels did not change between pre- and post-infusion periods at either visit. Calprotectin, nitrite and suPAR differed from healthy controls throughout the study (p < 0.05). Endothelin decreased with each treatment but was, like ghrelin, not different from controls. We found HBi to correlate with hs-CRP (Spearman r = 0.32, p < 0.05), but calprotectin did not, neither did nitrate nor suPAR. CONCLUSIONS Although infliximab ameliorates Crohn's disease symptoms, inflammatory markers are not persistently normalized, indicating a chronic inflammatory condition that may require continued infliximab therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria H Lönnkvist
- Department of Medicine, Gastroenterology and Hepatology Unit, Karolinska University Hospital Solna, Sweden
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