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Braga GDC, Simões JLB, Teixeira Dos Santos YJ, Filho JCM, Bagatini MD. The impacts of obesity in rheumatoid arthritis and insights into therapeutic purinergic modulation. Int Immunopharmacol 2024; 136:112357. [PMID: 38810303 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2024.112357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2024] [Revised: 05/22/2024] [Accepted: 05/24/2024] [Indexed: 05/31/2024]
Abstract
Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA) is an autoimmune condition responsible for the impairment of synovia and joints, endangering the functionality of individuals and contributing to mortality. Currently, obesity is increasing worldwide, and recent studies have suggested an association between such condition and RA. In this sense, obese individuals present a lower capacity for achieving remission and present more intense symptoms of the disease, demonstrating a link between both disorders. Different studies aim to understand the possible connection between the conditions; however, few is known in this sense. Therefore, knowing that obesity can alter the activity of multiple body systems, this work's objective is to evaluate the main modifications caused by obesity, which can be linked to the pathophysiology of RA, highlighting as relevant topics obesity's negative impact triggering systemic inflammation, intestinal dysbiosis, endocrine disbalances. Furthermore, the relationship between oxidative stress and obesity also deserves to be highlighted, considering the influence of reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation in RA exacerbation. Additionally, many of those characteristics influenced by obesity, along with the classic peculiarities of RA pathophysiology, can also be associated with purinergic signaling. Hence, this work suggests possible connections between the purinergic system and RA, proposing potential therapeutic targets against RA to be studied.
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Liu X, Chen L, Peng W, Deng H, Ni H, Tong H, Hu H, Wang S, Qian J, Liang A, Chen K. Th17/Treg balance: the bloom and wane in the pathophysiology of sepsis. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1356869. [PMID: 38558800 PMCID: PMC10978743 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1356869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Sepsis is a multi-organ dysfunction characterized by an unregulated host response to infection. It is associated with high morbidity, rapid disease progression, and high mortality. Current therapies mainly focus on symptomatic treatment, such as blood volume supplementation and antibiotic use, but their effectiveness is limited. Th17/Treg balance, based on its inflammatory property, plays a crucial role in determining the direction of the inflammatory response and the regression of organ damage in sepsis patients. This review provides a summary of the changes in T-helper (Th) 17 cell and regulatory T (Treg) cell differentiation and function during sepsis, the heterogeneity of Th17/Treg balance in the inflammatory response, and the relationship between Th17/Treg balance and organ damage. Th17/Treg balance exerts significant control over the bloom and wanes in host inflammatory response throughout sepsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyong Liu
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Affiliated Jinhua Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Jinhua, China
| | - Longwang Chen
- Emergency Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Wei Peng
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Affiliated Jinhua Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Jinhua, China
| | - Hongsheng Deng
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Affiliated Jinhua Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Jinhua, China
| | - Hongying Ni
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Affiliated Jinhua Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Jinhua, China
| | - Hongjie Tong
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Affiliated Jinhua Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Jinhua, China
| | - Hangbo Hu
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Affiliated Jinhua Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Jinhua, China
| | - Shengchao Wang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Affiliated Jinhua Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Jinhua, China
| | - Jin Qian
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Affiliated Jinhua Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Jinhua, China
| | - Andong Liang
- Nursing Faculty, School of Medicine, Jinhua Polytechnic, Jinhua, China
| | - Kun Chen
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Affiliated Jinhua Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Jinhua, China
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3
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Abstract
Despite major advances over the past decade, prevention and treatment of type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) remain suboptimal, with large and unexplained variations in individual responses to interventions. The current classification schema for diabetes mellitus does not capture the complexity of this disease or guide clinical management effectively. One of the approaches to achieve the goal of applying precision medicine in diabetes mellitus is to identify endotypes (that is, well-defined subtypes) of the disease each of which has a distinct aetiopathogenesis that might be amenable to specific interventions. Here, we describe epidemiological, clinical, genetic, immunological, histological and metabolic differences within T1DM that, together, suggest heterogeneity in its aetiology and pathogenesis. We then present the emerging endotypes and their impact on T1DM prediction, prevention and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria J Redondo
- Paediatric Diabetes & Endocrinology, Texas Children's Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.
| | - Noel G Morgan
- Exeter Centre of Excellence for Diabetes Research (EXCEED), Department of Clinical and Biomedical and Science, University of Exeter Medical School, Exeter, UK
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4
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Gao R, Zhang W, Jiang Y, Zhai J, Yu J, Liu H, Li M. Eldecalcitol effectively prevents alveolar bone loss by partially improving Th17/Treg cell balance in diabetes-associated periodontitis. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2023; 11:1070117. [PMID: 36815882 PMCID: PMC9936814 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2023.1070117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2022] [Accepted: 01/24/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Diabetes-associated periodontitis (DPD) is an inflammatory and destructive disease of periodontal tissues in the diabetic population. The disease is manifested as more severe periodontal destruction and is more difficult to treat when compared with periodontitis (PD). Eldecalcitol (ELD) is a novel active vitamin D3 analog; however, little clinical evidence is available on its role on improving PD and DPD, and its specific mechanisms remain unclear. In this study, we evaluated the preventative effects of ELD toward PD and DPD and explored its underlying molecular mechanisms. Methods: Experimental PD and DPD mouse models were established by ligation combined with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) from Porphyromonas gingivalis injection in C57BL/6J and C57BLKS/J Iar- + Leprdb/+Leprdb (db/db) mice, respectively. Simultaneously, ELD (0.25 μg/kg) was orally administered to mice via an intragastric method. Micro-computed tomography (CT), hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining, immunohistochemistry (IHC), and tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) staining were used to evaluate alveolar bone alterations in vivo. Flow cytometry, immunofluorescence, and real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) were also used to examine gene expression and probe systemic and local changes in Treg and Th17 cell numbers. Additionally, western blotting and immunofluorescence staining were used to examine changes in STAT3/STAT5 signaling. Results: Micro-CT and HE staining showed that the DPD group had higher alveolar bone loss when compared with the PD group. After applying ELD, alveolar bone loss decreased significantly in both PD and DPD groups, and particularly evident in the DPD group. IHC and TRAP staining also showed that ELD promoted osteoblast activity while inhibiting the number of osteoclasts, and after ELD treatment, the receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB ligand (RANKL) to osteoprotegerin (OPG) ratio decreased. More importantly, this decreasing trend was more obvious in the DPD group. Flow cytometry and qRT-PCR also showed that the systemic Th17/Treg imbalance in PD and DPD groups was partially resolved when animals were supplemented with ELD, while immunofluorescence staining and qRT-PCR data showed the Th17/Treg imbalance was partially resolved in the alveolar bone of both ELD supplemented groups. Western blotting and immunofluorescence staining showed increased p-STAT5 and decreased p-STAT3 levels after ELD application. Conclusion: ELD exerted preventative effects toward PD and DPD by partially rectifying Th17/Treg cell imbalance via STAT3/STAT5 signaling. More importantly, given the severity of DPD, we found ELD was more advantageous in preventing DPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruihan Gao
- Department of Bone Metabolism, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University & Shandong Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration & Shandong Engineering Laboratory for Dental Materials and Oral Tissue Regeneration & Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Jinan, China,Center of Osteoporosis and Bone Mineral Research, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Weidong Zhang
- Department of Bone Metabolism, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University & Shandong Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration & Shandong Engineering Laboratory for Dental Materials and Oral Tissue Regeneration & Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Jinan, China,Center of Osteoporosis and Bone Mineral Research, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Yujun Jiang
- Department of Bone Metabolism, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University & Shandong Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration & Shandong Engineering Laboratory for Dental Materials and Oral Tissue Regeneration & Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Jinan, China,Center of Osteoporosis and Bone Mineral Research, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Junzhe Zhai
- Center of Osteoporosis and Bone Mineral Research, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Jian Yu
- Department of Radiology, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University & Shandong Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration & Shandong Engineering Laboratory for Dental Materials and Oral Tissue Regeneration, Jinan, China,*Correspondence: Jian Yu, ; Hongrui Liu,
| | - Hongrui Liu
- Department of Bone Metabolism, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University & Shandong Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration & Shandong Engineering Laboratory for Dental Materials and Oral Tissue Regeneration & Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Jinan, China,Center of Osteoporosis and Bone Mineral Research, Shandong University, Jinan, China,*Correspondence: Jian Yu, ; Hongrui Liu,
| | - Minqi Li
- Department of Bone Metabolism, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University & Shandong Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration & Shandong Engineering Laboratory for Dental Materials and Oral Tissue Regeneration & Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Jinan, China,Center of Osteoporosis and Bone Mineral Research, Shandong University, Jinan, China
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5
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Bao H, Shen Y. Unmasking BACE1 in aging and age-related diseases. Trends Mol Med 2023; 29:99-111. [PMID: 36509631 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmed.2022.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Revised: 11/14/2022] [Accepted: 11/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The beta-site amyloid precursor protein (APP)-cleaving enzyme 1 (BACE1) has long been considered a conventional target for Alzheimer's disease (AD). Unfortunately, AD clinical trials of most BACE1 inhibitors were discontinued due to ineffective cognitive improvement or safety challenges. Recent studies investigating the involvement of BACE1 in metabolic, vascular, and immune functions have indicated a role in aging, diabetes, hypertension, and cancer. These novel BACE1 functions have helped to identify new 'druggable' targets for BACE1 against aging comorbidities. In this review, we discuss BACE1 regulation during aging, and then provide recent insights into its enzymatic and nonenzymatic involvement in aging and age-related diseases. Our study not only proposes the perspective of BACE1's actions in various systems, but also provides new directions for using BACE1 inhibitors and modulators to delay aging and to treat age-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Bao
- Institute on Aging and Brain Disorders, The First Affiliated Hospital of University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China; Neurodegenerative Disorder Research Center, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Yong Shen
- Institute on Aging and Brain Disorders, The First Affiliated Hospital of University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China; Neurodegenerative Disorder Research Center, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China; Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Biomedical Aging Research, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China; CAS Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Disease, Division of Biological and Medical Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China; Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China.
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6
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Yu Y, Bai H, Wu F, Chen J, Li B, Li Y. Tissue adaptation of regulatory T cells in adipose tissue. Eur J Immunol 2022; 52:1898-1908. [PMID: 36369886 DOI: 10.1002/eji.202149527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2022] [Revised: 08/05/2022] [Accepted: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Foxp3+ regulatory T (Treg) cells critically suppress over-activated immune responses and therefore maintain immune homeostasis. Adipose tissue-resident Treg (AT Treg) cells are known for modulating immunity and metabolism in adipose tissue microenvironment through various physiological signals, as well as their heterogeneous subsets, which potentially play disparate roles in aging and obesity. Recent single-cell studies of Treg cells have revealed specialized trajectories of their tissue adaptation and development in lymphoid tissues and at barrier sites. Here, we reviewed a T Cell Receptor (TCR)-primed environmental cue-boosted model of adipose Treg cells' tissue adaptation, especially in response to IL-33, IFN-α, insulin, and androgen signals, which trigger sophisticated transcriptional cascades and ultimately establish unique transcriptional modules in adipose Treg cell subsets. In addition, we further discuss potential therapeutic strategies against aging and obesity by blocking detrimental environmental cues, strengthening the functions of specific AT Treg subsets and modifying the communications between AT Treg subsets and adipocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yimeng Yu
- Center for Immune-Related Diseases at Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine of Ruijin Hospital, Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Hongyu Bai
- Center for Immune-Related Diseases at Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine of Ruijin Hospital, Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Fenglin Wu
- Center for Immune-Related Diseases at Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine of Ruijin Hospital, Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jieqiong Chen
- Center for Immune-Related Diseases at Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine of Ruijin Hospital, Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Bin Li
- Center for Immune-Related Diseases at Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine of Ruijin Hospital, Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yangyang Li
- Unit of Immune and Metabolic Regulation, School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China
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7
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Tarabrina AA, Ogorodova LM, Fedorova OS. Visceral Obesity: Terminology, Measurement, and Its Correlation with Inflammation. CURRENT PEDIATRICS 2022. [DOI: 10.15690/vsp.v21i4.2433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
The prevalence of childhood obesity in the world is significant and it is topical issue due to the high risk of chronic non-communicable diseases development. This article presents the analysis of pathogenetic role of visceral obesity, describes modern methods for measuring visceral adipose tissue, discusses major terminology on obesity. The current data on inflammation induced by excess of visceral adipose tissue and inflammasome’s role in this process are summed up. All the findings are crucial for the development of tools for prevention any obesity associated adverse effects in children.
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8
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Aliyu M, Zohora FT, Anka AU, Ali K, Maleknia S, Saffarioun M, Azizi G. Interleukin-6 cytokine: An overview of the immune regulation, immune dysregulation, and therapeutic approach. Int Immunopharmacol 2022; 111:109130. [PMID: 35969896 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2022.109130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2022] [Revised: 07/26/2022] [Accepted: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Several studies have shown that interleukin 6 (IL-6) is a multifunctional cytokine with both pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory activity, depending on the immune response context. Macrophages are among several cells that secrete IL-6, which they express upon activation by antigens, subsequently inducing fever and production of acute-phase proteins from the liver. Moreover, IL-6 induces the final maturation of B cells into memory B cells and plasma cells as well as an adaptive role for short-term energy allocation. Activation of IL-6 receptors results in the intracellular activation of the JAK/STAT pathway with resultant production of inflammatory cytokines. Several mechanisms-controlled IL-6 expression, but aberrant production was shown to be crucial in the pathogenesis of many diseases, which include autoimmune and chronic inflammatory diseases. IL-6 in combination with transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) induced differentiation of naïve T cells to Th17 cells, which is the cornerstone in autoimmune diseases. Recently, IL-6 secretion was shown to form the backbone of hypercytokinemia seen in the Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)-associated hyperinflammation and multiorgan failure. There are two classes of approved IL-6 inhibitors: anti-IL-6 receptor monoclonal antibodies (e.g., tocilizumab) and anti-IL-6 monoclonal antibodies (i.e., siltuximab). These drugs have been evaluated in patients with rheumatoid arthritis, juvenile idiopathic arthritis, cytokine release syndrome, and COVID-19 who have systemic inflammation. JAK/STAT pathway blockers were also successfully used in dampening IL-6 signal transduction. A better understanding of different mechanisms that modulate IL-6 expression will provide the much-needed solution with excellent safety and efficacy profiles for the treatment of autoimmune and inflammatory diseases in which IL-6 derives their pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mansur Aliyu
- Department of Immunology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, International Campus, TUMS-IC, Tehran, Iran; Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Clinical Science, College of Health Sciences, Bayero University, Kano, Nigeria
| | - Fatema Tuz Zohora
- Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia, Malaysia
| | - Abubakar Umar Anka
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, College of Medical Sciences, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria
| | - Kashif Ali
- Department of Pharmacy Abdul Wali, Khan University Mardan, Pakistan
| | - Shayan Maleknia
- Biopharmaceutical Research Center, AryoGen Pharmed Inc., Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran
| | - Mohammad Saffarioun
- Biopharmaceutical Research Center, AryoGen Pharmed Inc., Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran
| | - Gholamreza Azizi
- Non-communicable Diseases Research Center, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran.
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9
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Naoun AA, Raphael I, Forsthuber TG. Immunoregulation via Cell Density and Quorum Sensing-like Mechanisms: An Underexplored Emerging Field with Potential Translational Implications. Cells 2022; 11:cells11152442. [PMID: 35954285 PMCID: PMC9368058 DOI: 10.3390/cells11152442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2022] [Revised: 07/27/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Quorum sensing (QS) was historically described as a mechanism by which bacteria detect and optimize their population density via gene regulation based on dynamic environmental cues. Recently, it was proposed that QS or similar mechanisms may have broader applications across different species and cell types. Indeed, emerging evidence shows that the mammalian immune system can also elicit coordinated responses on a population level to regulate cell density and function, thus suggesting that QS-like mechanisms may also be a beneficial trait of the immune system. In this review, we explore and discuss potential QS-like mechanisms deployed by the immune system to coordinate cellular-level responses, such as T cell responses mediated via the common gamma chain (γc) receptor cytokines and the aryl hydrocarbon receptors (AhRs). We present evidence regarding a novel role of QS as a multifunctional mechanism coordinating CD4+ and CD8+ T cell behavior during steady state and in response to infection, inflammatory diseases, and cancer. Successful clinical therapies such as adoptive cell transfer for cancer treatment may be re-evaluated to harness the effects of the QS mechanism(s) and enhance treatment responsiveness. Moreover, we discuss how signaling threshold perturbations through QS-like mediators may result in disturbances of the complex crosstalk between immune cell populations, undesired T cell responses, and induction of autoimmune pathology. Finally, we discuss the potential therapeutic role of modulating immune-system-related QS as a promising avenue to treat human diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrian A. Naoun
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78249, USA
| | - Itay Raphael
- Department of Neurological Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15217, USA
- Correspondence: (I.R.); (T.G.F.)
| | - Thomas G. Forsthuber
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78249, USA
- Correspondence: (I.R.); (T.G.F.)
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10
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D’Auria E, Calcaterra V, Verduci E, Ghezzi M, Lamberti R, Vizzuso S, Baldassarre P, Pendezza E, Perico V, Bosetti A, Zuccotti GV. Immunonutrition and SARS-CoV-2 Infection in Children with Obesity. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14091701. [PMID: 35565668 PMCID: PMC9101404 DOI: 10.3390/nu14091701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2022] [Revised: 04/14/2022] [Accepted: 04/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Since the beginning of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, there has been much discussion about the role of diet and antiviral immunity in the context of SARS-CoV-2 infection. Intake levels of vitamins D, C, B12, and iron have been demonstrated to be correlated with lower COVID-19 incidence and mortality. Obesity has been demonstrated to be an independent risk for the severity of COVID-19 infection in adults and also in children. This may be due to different mechanisms, mainly including the gut dysbiosis status observed in obese children. Moreover, the existence of a gut-lung axis added new knowledge to on the potential mechanisms by which diet and dietary substances may affect immune function. The aim of this narrative review is to address the intricate inter-relationship between COVID-19, immune function, and obesity-related inflammation and to describe the role of nutrients and dietary patterns in enhancing the immune system. Two ways to fight against COVID-19 disease exist: one with an antiviral response through immune system boosting and another with antioxidants with an anti-inflammatory effect. In the current pandemic situation, the intake of a varied and balanced diet, rich in micronutrients and bioactive compounds including fibers, should be recommended. However, clinical studies conducted on children affected by SARS-CoV-2 infection and comorbidity are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enza D’Auria
- Pediatric Department, “Vittore Buzzi” Children’s Hospital, 20154 Milan, Italy; (E.D.); (V.C.); (M.G.); (R.L.); (S.V.); (P.B.); (E.P.); (V.P.); (A.B.); (G.V.Z.)
| | - Valeria Calcaterra
- Pediatric Department, “Vittore Buzzi” Children’s Hospital, 20154 Milan, Italy; (E.D.); (V.C.); (M.G.); (R.L.); (S.V.); (P.B.); (E.P.); (V.P.); (A.B.); (G.V.Z.)
- Pediatric and Adolescent Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Elvira Verduci
- Pediatric Department, “Vittore Buzzi” Children’s Hospital, 20154 Milan, Italy; (E.D.); (V.C.); (M.G.); (R.L.); (S.V.); (P.B.); (E.P.); (V.P.); (A.B.); (G.V.Z.)
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Milan, 20142 Milan, Italy
- Correspondence:
| | - Michele Ghezzi
- Pediatric Department, “Vittore Buzzi” Children’s Hospital, 20154 Milan, Italy; (E.D.); (V.C.); (M.G.); (R.L.); (S.V.); (P.B.); (E.P.); (V.P.); (A.B.); (G.V.Z.)
| | - Rossella Lamberti
- Pediatric Department, “Vittore Buzzi” Children’s Hospital, 20154 Milan, Italy; (E.D.); (V.C.); (M.G.); (R.L.); (S.V.); (P.B.); (E.P.); (V.P.); (A.B.); (G.V.Z.)
| | - Sara Vizzuso
- Pediatric Department, “Vittore Buzzi” Children’s Hospital, 20154 Milan, Italy; (E.D.); (V.C.); (M.G.); (R.L.); (S.V.); (P.B.); (E.P.); (V.P.); (A.B.); (G.V.Z.)
| | - Paola Baldassarre
- Pediatric Department, “Vittore Buzzi” Children’s Hospital, 20154 Milan, Italy; (E.D.); (V.C.); (M.G.); (R.L.); (S.V.); (P.B.); (E.P.); (V.P.); (A.B.); (G.V.Z.)
| | - Erica Pendezza
- Pediatric Department, “Vittore Buzzi” Children’s Hospital, 20154 Milan, Italy; (E.D.); (V.C.); (M.G.); (R.L.); (S.V.); (P.B.); (E.P.); (V.P.); (A.B.); (G.V.Z.)
| | - Veronica Perico
- Pediatric Department, “Vittore Buzzi” Children’s Hospital, 20154 Milan, Italy; (E.D.); (V.C.); (M.G.); (R.L.); (S.V.); (P.B.); (E.P.); (V.P.); (A.B.); (G.V.Z.)
| | - Alessandra Bosetti
- Pediatric Department, “Vittore Buzzi” Children’s Hospital, 20154 Milan, Italy; (E.D.); (V.C.); (M.G.); (R.L.); (S.V.); (P.B.); (E.P.); (V.P.); (A.B.); (G.V.Z.)
| | - Gian Vincenzo Zuccotti
- Pediatric Department, “Vittore Buzzi” Children’s Hospital, 20154 Milan, Italy; (E.D.); (V.C.); (M.G.); (R.L.); (S.V.); (P.B.); (E.P.); (V.P.); (A.B.); (G.V.Z.)
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Science “L. Sacco”, University of Milan, 20157 Milan, Italy
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11
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Xiao QP, Zhong YB, Kang ZP, Huang JQ, Fang WY, Wei SY, Long J, Li SS, Zhao HM, Liu DY. Curcumin regulates the homeostasis of Th17/Treg and improves the composition of gut microbiota in type 2 diabetic mice with colitis. Phytother Res 2022; 36:1708-1723. [PMID: 35234309 PMCID: PMC9310646 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.7404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2021] [Revised: 01/18/2022] [Accepted: 01/22/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is one of the most common complications in patients with ulcerative colitis (UC). Curcumin has a wide range of bioactive and pharmacological properties and is commonly used as an adjunct to the treatment of UC and DM. However, the role of curcumin in UC complicated by DM has not been elucidated. Therefore, this study was conducted to construct a model of UC complicating diabetes by inducing UC in DB mice (spontaneously diabetic) with dextran sodium sulfate. In this study, curcumin (100 mg/kg/day) significantly improved the symptoms of diabetes complicated by UC, with a lower insulin level, heavier weight, longer and lighter colons, fewer mucosal ulcers and less inflammatory cell infiltration. Moreover, compared to untreated DB mice with colitis, curcumin‐treated mice showed weaker Th17 responses and stronger Treg responses. In addition, curcumin regulated the diversity and relative abundance of intestinal microbiota in mice with UC complicated by DM at the phylum, class, order, family and genus levels. Collectively, curcumin effectively alleviated colitis in mice with type 2 diabetes mellitus by restoring the homeostasis of Th17/Treg and improving the composition of the intestinal microbiota
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiu-Ping Xiao
- Laboratory Animal Research Center for Science and Technology, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, China.,Research and Development Department, Jiangzhong Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, Nanchang, China
| | - You-Bao Zhong
- Laboratory Animal Research Center for Science and Technology, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Model of TCM Syndromes of Depression, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, China
| | - Zeng-Ping Kang
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, China
| | - Jia-Qi Huang
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, China
| | - Wei-Yan Fang
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, China
| | - Si-Yi Wei
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, China
| | - Jian Long
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, China
| | - Shan-Shan Li
- Laboratory Animal Research Center for Science and Technology, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, China
| | - Hai-Mei Zhao
- Department of Postgraduate, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, China
| | - Duan-Yong Liu
- Formula-Pattern Research Center, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, China
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12
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Brooks-Worrell B, Hampe CS, Hattery EG, Palomino B, Zangeneh SZ, Utzschneider K, Kahn SE, Larkin ME, Johnson ML, Mather KJ, Younes N, Rasouli N, Desouza C, Cohen RM, Park JY, Florez HJ, Valencia WM, Shojaie A, Palmer JP, Balasubramanyam A. Islet Autoimmunity is Highly Prevalent and Associated With Diminished β-Cell Function in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes in the Grade Study. Diabetes 2022; 71:db210590. [PMID: 35061024 PMCID: PMC9375448 DOI: 10.2337/db21-0590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2021] [Accepted: 01/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Islet autoimmunity may contribute to β-cell dysfunction in type 2 diabetes (T2D). Its prevalence and clinical significance have not been rigorously determined. In this ancillary study to the Glycemia Reduction Approaches in Diabetes-A Comparative Effectiveness (GRADE) Study, we investigated the prevalence of cellular and humoral islet autoimmunity in patients with T2D duration 4·0±3·0 y, HbA1c 7·5±0·5% on metformin alone. We measured T cell autoreactivity against islet proteins, islet autoantibodies against GAD65, IA2, ZnT8, and β-cell function. Cellular islet autoimmunity was present in 41·3%, humoral islet autoimmunity in 13·5%, and both in 5·3%. β-cell function calculated as iAUC-CG and ΔC-peptide(0- 30)/Δglucose(0-30) from an oral glucose tolerance test was lower among T cell-positives (T+) than T cell-negatives (T-) using two different adjustments for insulin sensitivity (iAUC-CG: 13·2% [95% CI 0·3, 24·4%] or 11·4% [95% CI 0·4, 21·2%] lower; ΔC-peptide(0-30)/Δglucose(0-30)) 19% [95% CI 3·1, 32·3%] or 17·7% [95% CI 2·6, 30·5%] lower). T+ patients had 17% higher HbA1c (95% CI 0·07, 0·28) and 7·7 mg/dL higher fasting plasma glucose levels (95% CI 0·2,15·3) than T- patients. We conclude that islet autoimmunity is much more prevalent in T2D patients than previously reported. T cell-mediated autoimmunity is associated with diminished β-cell function and worse glycemic control.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Steven E. Kahn
- VA Puget Sound Health Care System, Seattle, WA
- University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| | | | | | | | - Naji Younes
- The Biostatistics Center, Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Milken Institute School of Public Health, The George Washington University, Rockville, MD
| | - Neda Rasouli
- University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO
| | - Cyrus Desouza
- University of Nebraska and Omaha VA Medical Center, Omaha, NE
| | - Robert M. Cohen
- University of Cincinnati and Cincinnati VA Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH
| | | | - Hermes J. Florez
- University of Miami, Miami, FL
- Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC
| | | | | | | | - Jerry P. Palmer
- VA Puget Sound Health Care System, Seattle, WA
- University of Washington, Seattle, WA
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13
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Li M, Wang H, Ni Y, Li C, Xu X, Chang H, Xu Z, Hou M, Ji M. Helminth-induced CD9 + B-cell subset alleviates obesity-associated inflammation via IL-10 production. Int J Parasitol 2021; 52:111-123. [PMID: 34863801 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpara.2021.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2021] [Revised: 07/31/2021] [Accepted: 08/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
It has been shown that helminth infection can protect against obesity and improve insulin sensitivity to a certain extent, based on epidemiological investigations and animal experiments. Meanwhile, helminths induce a network of regulatory immune cells, including regulatory B cells (Bregs). However, the molecule characteristics and function of these Bregs in improving whole-body metabolic homeostasis remains largely unclear. We established a mouse model with chronic Schistosoma japonicum infection, and compared the differences in B10 cells (CD19+CD5+CD1dhi) and B10- cells (CD19+CD5-CD1d-) from splenic B cells of infected mice using RNA-seq. A unique Breg population was identified. Furthermore, these Bregs were evaluated for their ability to produce inhibitory cytokines in vitro and suppress obesity when adoptively transferred into mice on a high-fat diet. We found that schistosome infection could expand Breg cell populations in mice. CD9 was demonstrated to be a key surface marker for most murine IL-10+ B cells in spleen. CD19+CD9+ B cells produced more IL-10 than conventional B10 cells. Adoptive transfer of CD9+ B cells had the capacity to alleviate obesity-associated inflammation via promoting Tregs, Th2 cells and decreasing Th1, Th17 cells in high-fat diet mice. In conclusion, schistosome infection can induce regulatory CD9+ B cell production, which plays a critical role in the regulation of metabolic disorders through IL-10 production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maining Li
- Department of Pathogen Biology, Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Modern Pathogen Biology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Huiquan Wang
- Department of Pathogen Biology, Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Modern Pathogen Biology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yangyue Ni
- Department of Pathogen Biology, Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Modern Pathogen Biology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Chen Li
- Department of Pathogen Biology, Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Modern Pathogen Biology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xuejun Xu
- Department of Pathogen Biology, Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Modern Pathogen Biology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Hao Chang
- Department of Pathogen Biology, Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Modern Pathogen Biology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhipeng Xu
- Department of Pathogen Biology, Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Modern Pathogen Biology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Min Hou
- Department of Pathogen Biology, Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Modern Pathogen Biology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Minjun Ji
- Department of Pathogen Biology, Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Modern Pathogen Biology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.
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14
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Yang Y, Xia J, Yang Z, Wu G, Yang J. The abnormal level of HSP70 is related to Treg/Th17 imbalance in PCOS patients. J Ovarian Res 2021; 14:155. [PMID: 34781996 PMCID: PMC8591891 DOI: 10.1186/s13048-021-00867-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2021] [Accepted: 08/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a disease with chronic nonspecific low-grade inflammation. The imbalance of immune cells exists in PCOS. Several studies have found that heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) may be involved in the immunological pathogenesis of PCOS, but the relationship between HSP70 and Regulatory T cell (Treg)/T helper cell 17(Th17) ratio remains unclear. This study aims to explore the correlation between HSP70 and Treg/Th17 ratio and to provide evidence for the role of HSP70 in the immunological etiology of PCOS. RESULTS There was no significant difference in age and body mass index (BMI) between the two groups. The concentrations of basal estradiol (E2), basal follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) did not show a significant difference between the two groups. The concentrations of basal luteinizing hormone (LH) (P < 0.01), testosterone (T) (P < 0.01), glucose (P < 0.001) and insulin (P < 0.001) in PCOS patients were significantly higher than those in the control group. The protein levels of HSP70 were significantly higher in serum in the PCOS group (P < 0.001). The percentage of Treg cells was significantly lower (P < 0.01), while the percentage of the Th17 cells of the PCOS group was significantly higher than that of the control group (P < 0.05). The ratio of Treg/Th17 in the PCOS group was significantly lower (P < 0.001). The concentrations of Interleukin (IL)-6, IL-17, and IL-23 were significantly higher, while the levels of IL-10 and Transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) were significantly lower in the PCOS group (P < 0.001). Spearman rank correlation analysis showed a strong negative correlation of serum HSP70 levels with Treg/Th17 ratio, IL-10, and TGF-β levels. In contrast, HSP70 levels were significantly positively correlated with IL-6, IL-17, IL-23, LH, insulin, and glucose levels. CONCLUSION The abnormal level of HSP70 is correlated with Treg/Th17 imbalance and corresponding cytokines, which indicates that HSP70 may play an important role in PCOS immunologic pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiqing Yang
- Reproductive Medical Centre, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, People's Republic of China.,Hubei Clinical Research Center for Assisted Reproductive Technology and Embryonic Development, Wuhan, 430060, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Xia
- Reproductive Medical Centre, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, People's Republic of China.,Hubei Clinical Research Center for Assisted Reproductive Technology and Embryonic Development, Wuhan, 430060, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhe Yang
- Reproductive Medical Centre, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, People's Republic of China.,Hubei Clinical Research Center for Assisted Reproductive Technology and Embryonic Development, Wuhan, 430060, People's Republic of China
| | - Gengxiang Wu
- Reproductive Medical Centre, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, People's Republic of China. .,Hubei Clinical Research Center for Assisted Reproductive Technology and Embryonic Development, Wuhan, 430060, People's Republic of China.
| | - Jing Yang
- Reproductive Medical Centre, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, People's Republic of China. .,Hubei Clinical Research Center for Assisted Reproductive Technology and Embryonic Development, Wuhan, 430060, People's Republic of China.
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15
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Adipose Tissue Immunomodulation and Treg/Th17 Imbalance in the Impaired Glucose Metabolism of Children with Obesity. CHILDREN-BASEL 2021; 8:children8070554. [PMID: 34199040 PMCID: PMC8305706 DOI: 10.3390/children8070554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2021] [Revised: 06/18/2021] [Accepted: 06/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
In the last few decades, obesity has increased dramatically in pediatric patients. Obesity is a chronic disease correlated with systemic inflammation, characterized by the presence of CD4 and CD8 T cell infiltration and modified immune response, which contributes to the development of obesity related diseases and metabolic disorders, including impaired glucose metabolism. In particular, Treg and Th17 cells are dynamically balanced under healthy conditions, but imbalance occurs in inflammatory and pathological states, such as obesity. Some studies demonstrated that peripheral Treg and Th17 cells exhibit increased imbalance with worsening of glucose metabolic dysfunction, already in children with obesity. In this review, we considered the role of adipose tissue immunomodulation and the potential role played by Treg/T17 imbalance on the impaired glucose metabolism in pediatric obesity. In the patient care, immune monitoring could play an important role to define preventive strategies of pediatric metabolic disease treatments.
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Meliț LE, Mărginean CO, Mărginean CD, Săsăran MO. The Peculiar Trialogue between Pediatric Obesity, Systemic Inflammatory Status, and Immunity. BIOLOGY 2021; 10:biology10060512. [PMID: 34207683 PMCID: PMC8229553 DOI: 10.3390/biology10060512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2021] [Revised: 06/02/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Pediatric obesity is not only an energetic imbalance, but also a chronic complex multisystem disorder that might impair both the life length and quality. Its pandemic status should increase worldwide awareness regarding the long-term life-threatening associated complications. Obesity related complications, such as cardiovascular, metabolic, or hepatic ones, affect both short and long-term wellbeing, and they do not spare pediatric subjects, defined as life-threatening consequences of the systemic inflammatory status triggered by the adipose tissue. The energetic imbalance of obesity clearly results in adipocytes hypertrophy and hyperplasia expressing different degrees of chronic inflammation. Adipose tissue might be considered an immune organ due to its rich content in a complex array of immune cells, among which the formerly mentioned macrophages, neutrophils, mast cells, but also eosinophils along with T and B cells, acting together to maintain the tissue homeostasis in normal weight individuals. Adipokines belong to the class of innate immunity humoral effectors, and they play a crucial role in amplifying the immune responses with a subsequent trigger effect on leukocyte activation. The usefulness of complete cellular blood count parameters, such as leukocytes, lymphocytes, neutrophils, erythrocytes, and platelets as predictors of obesity-triggered inflammation, was also proved in pediatric patients with overweight or obesity. The dogma that adipose tissue is a simple energy storage tissue is no longer accepted since it has been proved that it also has an incontestable multifunctional role acting like a true standalone organ resembling to endocrine or immune organs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorena Elena Meliț
- Department of Pediatrics I, George Emil Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science and Technology of Târgu Mureș, Gheorghe Marinescu Street No 38, 540136 Târgu Mureș, Romania; (L.E.M.); (C.D.M.)
| | - Cristina Oana Mărginean
- Department of Pediatrics I, George Emil Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science and Technology of Târgu Mureș, Gheorghe Marinescu Street No 38, 540136 Târgu Mureș, Romania; (L.E.M.); (C.D.M.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +40-723-278543
| | - Cristian Dan Mărginean
- Department of Pediatrics I, George Emil Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science and Technology of Târgu Mureș, Gheorghe Marinescu Street No 38, 540136 Târgu Mureș, Romania; (L.E.M.); (C.D.M.)
| | - Maria Oana Săsăran
- Department of Pediatrics III, George Emil Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science and Technology of Târgu Mureș, Gheorghe Marinescu Street No 38, 540136 Târgu Mureș, Romania;
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17
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Villarreal-Calderon JR, Cuellar-Tamez R, Castillo EC, Luna-Ceron E, García-Rivas G, Elizondo-Montemayor L. Metabolic shift precedes the resolution of inflammation in a cohort of patients undergoing bariatric and metabolic surgery. Sci Rep 2021; 11:12127. [PMID: 34108550 PMCID: PMC8190106 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-91393-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2020] [Accepted: 05/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Bariatric and metabolic surgery has shown to promote weight loss and reduce systemic inflammation. However, the sequence and timing of events regarding metabolic improvement and inflammation resolution has been rarely explored. Furthermore, data on inflammatory markers of Th17 and Th1 cell responses after bariatric surgery is scarce. We conducted a prospective study in subjects with obesity that underwent bariatric and metabolic surgery, with follow-ups at 3 and 6 months. Anthropometric and metabolic markers such as insulin levels, HOMA-IR, and lipid parameters declined significantly 3 months after surgery; while hs-CRP, TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, and IL-8 serum concentrations decreased 6 months after the procedure. Concentrations of Th1 signature and driver cytokines, particularly IFN-γ, IL-12, and IL-18, and of Th17 driver IL-23 also decreased significantly after 6 months. Significant positive correlations between triglyceride levels and hs-CRP, IL-1β, and IFN-γ concentrations, and between Apo B and IFN-γ levels were observed 6 months after bariatric and metabolic surgery. In addition, BMI was associated with hs-CRP and TNF-α concentrations. Fat mass correlated with hs-CRP, TNF-α, and IL-12. Analysis of the temporality of metabolic and inflammatory events suggests that improvement in the metabolic status occurs before resolution of systemic inflammation and may be a requisite for the later event.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jose Romeo Villarreal-Calderon
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Escuela de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, 64710, Monterrey, Mexico.,Tecnologico de Monterrey, Centro de Investigación en Obesidad y Nutrición Clínica, 64710, Monterrey, Mexico.,Tecnologico de Monterrey. Cardiovascular Medicine and Metabolomics Research Group, Hospital Zambrano Hellion, TecSalud, 66278, San Pedro Garza García, Mexico
| | - Ricardo Cuellar-Tamez
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Escuela de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, 64710, Monterrey, Mexico.,Tecnologico de Monterrey. Cardiovascular Medicine and Metabolomics Research Group, Hospital Zambrano Hellion, TecSalud, 66278, San Pedro Garza García, Mexico
| | - Elena C Castillo
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Escuela de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, 64710, Monterrey, Mexico.,Tecnologico de Monterrey. Cardiovascular Medicine and Metabolomics Research Group, Hospital Zambrano Hellion, TecSalud, 66278, San Pedro Garza García, Mexico
| | - Eder Luna-Ceron
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Escuela de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, 64710, Monterrey, Mexico.,Tecnologico de Monterrey. Cardiovascular Medicine and Metabolomics Research Group, Hospital Zambrano Hellion, TecSalud, 66278, San Pedro Garza García, Mexico
| | - Gerardo García-Rivas
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Escuela de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, 64710, Monterrey, Mexico. .,Tecnologico de Monterrey, Centro de Investigación Biomédica, Hospital Zambrano Hellion, TecSalud, 66278, San Pedro Garza García, Mexico. .,Tecnologico de Monterrey. Cardiovascular Medicine and Metabolomics Research Group, Hospital Zambrano Hellion, TecSalud, 66278, San Pedro Garza García, Mexico.
| | - Leticia Elizondo-Montemayor
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Escuela de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, 64710, Monterrey, Mexico. .,Tecnologico de Monterrey, Centro de Investigación en Obesidad y Nutrición Clínica, 64710, Monterrey, Mexico. .,Tecnologico de Monterrey. Cardiovascular Medicine and Metabolomics Research Group, Hospital Zambrano Hellion, TecSalud, 66278, San Pedro Garza García, Mexico.
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18
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Tripolino C, Ciaffi J, Pucino V, Ruscitti P, van Leeuwen N, Borghi C, Giacomelli R, Meliconi R, Ursini F. Insulin Signaling in Arthritis. Front Immunol 2021; 12:672519. [PMID: 33995414 PMCID: PMC8119635 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.672519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory arthritis is burdened by an increased risk of metabolic disorders. Cytokines and other mediators in inflammatory diseases lead to insulin resistance, diabetes and hyperlipidemia. Accumulating evidence in the field of immunometabolism suggests that the cause-effect relationship between arthritis and metabolic abnormalities might be bidirectional. Indeed, the immune response can be modulated by various factors such as environmental agents, bacterial products and hormones. Insulin is produced by pancreatic cells and regulates glucose, fat metabolism and cell growth. The action of insulin is mediated through the insulin receptor (IR), localized on the cellular membrane of hepatocytes, myocytes and adipocytes but also on the surface of T cells, macrophages, and dendritic cells. In murine models, the absence of IR in T-cells coincided with reduced cytokine production, proliferation, and migration. In macrophages, defective insulin signaling resulted in enhanced glycolysis affecting the responses to pathogens. In this review, we focalize on the bidirectional cause-effect relationship between impaired insulin signaling and arthritis analyzing how insulin signaling may be involved in the aberrant immune response implicated in arthritis and how inflammatory mediators affect insulin signaling. Finally, the effect of glucose-lowering agents on arthritis was summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cesare Tripolino
- Geriatric Medicine Unit, Department of Medical Functional Area, "San Giovanni di Dio" Hospital, Crotone, Italy
| | - Jacopo Ciaffi
- Medicine and Rheumatology Unit, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli (IOR), Bologna, Italy
| | - Valentina Pucino
- Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, University of Birmingham and Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Piero Ruscitti
- Rheumatology Unit, Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Nina van Leeuwen
- Rheumatology Department, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Claudio Borghi
- Unità Operativa Medicina Interna Cardiovascolare-IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliera-Universitaria, Bologna, Italy
| | - Roberto Giacomelli
- Rheumatology and Immunology Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Rome "Campus Biomedico", Rome, Italy
| | - Riccardo Meliconi
- Geriatric Medicine Unit, Department of Medical Functional Area, "San Giovanni di Dio" Hospital, Crotone, Italy.,Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences (DIBINEM), Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Francesco Ursini
- Geriatric Medicine Unit, Department of Medical Functional Area, "San Giovanni di Dio" Hospital, Crotone, Italy.,Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences (DIBINEM), Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
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19
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Maghbooli Z, Naser Moghadasi A, Rezaeimanesh N, Omidifar A, Varzandi T, Sahraian MA. The possible role of Interleukin-6 as a regulator of insulin sensitivity in patients with neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder. BMC Neurol 2021; 21:167. [PMID: 33879088 PMCID: PMC8056566 DOI: 10.1186/s12883-021-02198-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD) is associated with inflammatory mediators that may also trigger downstream signaling pathways leading to reduce insulin sensitivity. Methods We aimed to determine the risk association of hyperinsulinemia in NMOSD patients with seropositive AQP4-IgG and the serum levels of interleukin (IL)-6 and IL-17A compared with the control group. Serum levels of metabolic (Insulin, Fasting Blood Sugar (FBS), lipid profile) and inflammatory (IL-6 and IL-17) markers were assessed in 56 NMOSD patients and 100 controls. Results Hyperinsulinemia was more prevalent in NMOSD patients independent of age, sex and body mass index (BMI) (48.2% vs. 26%, p = 0.005) compared to control group. After adjusting age, sex and BMI, there was significant association between lower insulin sensitivity (IS) and NMOSD risk (95% CI: Beta = 0.73, 0.62 to 0.86, p = 0.0001). Circulating levels of IL-6 and IL-17 were higher in NMOSD patients, and only IL-6 had an effect modifier for the association between lower insulin sensitivity and NMOSD risk. Conclusions Our data suggests that inflammatory pathogenesis of NMOSD leads to hyperinsulinemia and increases the risk of insulin resistance. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12883-021-02198-5.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhila Maghbooli
- Multiple Sclerosis Research Center, Neuroscience Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Abdorreza Naser Moghadasi
- Multiple Sclerosis Research Center, Neuroscience Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Nasim Rezaeimanesh
- Multiple Sclerosis Research Center, Neuroscience Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Abolfazl Omidifar
- Multiple Sclerosis Research Center, Neuroscience Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Mohammad Ali Sahraian
- Multiple Sclerosis Research Center, Neuroscience Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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20
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Wei Y, Jing J, Peng Z, Liu X, Wang X. Acacetin ameliorates insulin resistance in obesity mice through regulating Treg/Th17 balance via MiR-23b-3p/NEU1 Axis. BMC Endocr Disord 2021; 21:57. [PMID: 33781239 PMCID: PMC8008644 DOI: 10.1186/s12902-021-00688-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2020] [Accepted: 02/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The role of miR-23b-3p in insulin resistance (IR) remained poorly understood. METHODS After acacetin injection, obesity-induced IR model was constructed with or without miR-23b-3p upregulation and Neuraminidase 1 (NEU1) overexpression in mice. Body weight, serum metabolite and fat percent of the mice were measured. Tests on oral glucose and insulin tolerance were performed, and inflammatory cytokines C-reactive protein (CRP), Interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 (MCP1) levels were quantified with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The binding sites between miR-23b-3p and NEU1 were predicted by TargetScan, and verified using dual-luciferase reporter assay. Relative expressions were detected with quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) and Western blot. Proportion of Treg and Th17 cells in total CD4+ T cells was detected with flow cytometry. RESULTS MiR-23b-3p offset the effects of acacetin on body weight, fat percent, inflammatory cytokines levels and expressions of markers of regulatory T cells (Treg cells) and T helper 17 cells (Th17 cells), NEU1 and miR-23b-3p. NEU1 was a target of miR-23b-3p, and overexpressed NEU1 reversed the effects of upregulated miR-23b-3p on reducing Treg cells but increased body weight, fat percent and inflammatory cytokines levels, percentage of Th17 cells, and upregulated NEU1 expression. CONCLUSION Upregulation of miR-23b-3p offset the effects of acacetin on obesity-induced IR through regulating Treg/Th17 cell balance via targeting NEU1.The present findings provide a possible prevention strategy for obesity-induced IR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Wei
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Hangzhou TCM Hospital Affiliated to Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, No.453 Stadium Road, Xihu District, Zhejiang, 310007, Hangzhou, China.
| | - Jianhong Jing
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Hangzhou TCM Hospital Affiliated to Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, No.453 Stadium Road, Xihu District, Zhejiang, 310007, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhiping Peng
- Department of Geriatrics, Hangzhou TCM Hospital Affiliated to Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, No.453 Stadium Road, Xihu District, Zhejiang, 310007, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoqian Liu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Hangzhou TCM Hospital Affiliated to Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, No.453 Stadium Road, Xihu District, Zhejiang, 310007, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xueyang Wang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Hangzhou TCM Hospital Affiliated to Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, No.453 Stadium Road, Xihu District, Zhejiang, 310007, Hangzhou, China
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Shi T, Kobara H, Oura K, Masaki T. Mechanisms Underlying Hepatocellular Carcinoma Progression in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes. J Hepatocell Carcinoma 2021; 8:45-55. [PMID: 33604315 PMCID: PMC7886236 DOI: 10.2147/jhc.s274933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2020] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) ranks third in cancer-related deaths from solid tumors worldwide. The incidence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) has increased worldwide in conjunction with the expansion of the Western lifestyle. Furthermore, patients with T2DM have been documented to have an increased risk of HCC, as well as bile tract cancer. Growing evidence shows that T2DM is a strong additive metabolic risk factor for HCC, but how diabetes affects the incidence of HCC requires additional investigation. In this review, we discuss the underlying mechanisms of HCC in patients with T2DM. Topics covered include abnormal glucose and lipid metabolism, hyperinsulinemia, and insulin resistance; the effect of activated platelets; hub gene expression associated with HCC; inflammation and signaling pathways; miRNAs; altered gut microbiota and immunomodulation. The evidence suggests that reducing obesity, diabetes, and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease/nonalcoholic steatohepatitis through efficient measures of prevention may lead to decreased rates of T2DM-related HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Shi
- Department of Gastroenterology and Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, Kida, Kagawa, 761-0793, Japan
| | - Hideki Kobara
- Department of Gastroenterology and Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, Kida, Kagawa, 761-0793, Japan
| | - Kyoko Oura
- Department of Gastroenterology and Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, Kida, Kagawa, 761-0793, Japan
| | - Tsutomu Masaki
- Department of Gastroenterology and Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, Kida, Kagawa, 761-0793, Japan
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Cen L, Xing F, Xu L, Cao Y. Potential Role of Gene Regulator NFAT5 in the Pathogenesis of Diabetes Mellitus. J Diabetes Res 2020; 2020:6927429. [PMID: 33015193 PMCID: PMC7512074 DOI: 10.1155/2020/6927429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2020] [Revised: 07/15/2020] [Accepted: 08/31/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Nuclear factor of activated T cells 5 (NFAT5), a Rel/nuclear factor- (NF-) κB family member, is the only known gene regulator of the mammalian adaptive response to osmotic stress. Exposure to elevated glucose increases the expression and nuclear translocation of NFAT5, as well as NFAT5-driven transcriptional activity in vivo and in vitro. Increased expression of NFAT5 is closely correlated with the progression of diabetes in patients. The distinct structure of NFAT5 governs its physiological and pathogenic roles, indicating its opposing functions. The ability of NFAT5 to maintain cell homeostasis and proliferation is impaired in patients with diabetes. NFAT5 promotes the formation of aldose reductase, pathogenesis of diabetic vascular complications, and insulin resistance. Additionally, NFAT5 activates inflammation at a very early stage of diabetes and induces persistent inflammation. Recent studies revealed that NFAT5 is an effective therapeutic target for diabetes. Here, we describe the current knowledge about NFAT5 and its relationship with diabetes, focusing on its diverse regulatory functions, and highlight the importance of this protein as a potential therapeutic target in patients with diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lusha Cen
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Fengling Xing
- Department of Dermatology, Hangzhou Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Liying Xu
- Department of Emergency, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yi Cao
- Department of Dermatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Youdian Rd. 54th, Hangzhou 310006, China
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Calcaterra V, Croce S, Vinci F, De Silvestri A, Cordaro E, Regalbuto C, Zuccotti GV, Mameli C, Albertini R, Avanzini MA. Th17 and Treg Balance in Children With Obesity and Metabolically Altered Status. Front Pediatr 2020; 8:591012. [PMID: 33330284 PMCID: PMC7710792 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2020.591012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2020] [Accepted: 10/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Chronic low-grade inflammation and activation of the immune system are hallmark pathogenic mechanisms involved in metabolic dysfunction and are related to obesity. In particular, the involvement of regulatory and pro-inflammatory lymphocyte subpopulations has been reported in adults. We evaluated the Th17/Treg lymphocyte balance in obese and normal weight children, in relation with their metabolic status. Methods: We enrolled 50 pediatric patients. According to metabolic status, subjects were classified into: metabolically healthy (MH) and metabolically unhealthy (MU) groups. MU phenotype was defined as the presence of at least one of the following risk factors: blood pressure >90th percentile, glycemia>100 mg/dl, HDL cholesterol <40 mg/dl, triglycerides>100 mg/dl (<10 years) or >130 mg/dl (>10 years), impaired insulin sensitivity with HOMA-IR>97.5th percentile. Patient Treg and Th17 profiles were also evaluated. Results: Based on the presence of metabolic and/or cardiovascular pathological parameters, we classified 15 MU (30%) and 35 MH (70%) children; all MU children were obese. Analyzing the correlations between lymphocyte subpopulations and metabolic data, we noted a correlation between Th17 percentage and systolic hypertension (p = 0.01, r = -0.37); Treg/Th17 ratio and HOMA-IR (p = 0.02, r = 0.32) and systolic hypertension (p = 0.05, r = 0.30). Conclusion: Children with obesity have a high risk of developing metabolic and cardiovascular complications. The Th17/Treg lymphocyte balance appears to be involved in glycemic homeostasis and blood pressure control. Careful and early monitoring of the immune system would facilitate new early preventive strategies in pediatric metabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valeria Calcaterra
- Pediatric and Adolescent Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy.,Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital "V. Buzzi", Milan, Italy
| | - Stefania Croce
- Cell Factory, Pediatric Hematology Oncology Unit, Immunology and Transplantation Laboratory, Department of Maternal and Children's Health, Fondazione Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico Policlinico S. Matteo, Pavia, Italy
| | - Federica Vinci
- Pediatric Unit, Department of the Mother and Child Health, Fondazione Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico Policlinico San Matteo, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Annalisa De Silvestri
- Biometry & Clinical Epidemiology, Scientific Direction, Fondazione Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy
| | - Erika Cordaro
- Cell Factory, Pediatric Hematology Oncology Unit, Immunology and Transplantation Laboratory, Department of Maternal and Children's Health, Fondazione Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico Policlinico S. Matteo, Pavia, Italy
| | - Corrado Regalbuto
- Pediatric Unit, Department of the Mother and Child Health, Fondazione Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico Policlinico San Matteo, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Gian Vincenzo Zuccotti
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital "V. Buzzi", Milan, Italy.,Department of Biomedical and Clinical Science L. Sacco, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Chiara Mameli
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital "V. Buzzi", Milan, Italy.,Department of Biomedical and Clinical Science L. Sacco, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Riccardo Albertini
- Laboratory of Clinical Chemistry, Fondazione Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy
| | - Maria Antonietta Avanzini
- Cell Factory, Pediatric Hematology Oncology Unit, Immunology and Transplantation Laboratory, Department of Maternal and Children's Health, Fondazione Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico Policlinico S. Matteo, Pavia, Italy
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