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Sharma D, Joshi M, Apparsundaram S, Goyal RK, Patel B, Dhobi M. Solanum nigrum L. in COVID-19 and post-COVID complications: a propitious candidate. Mol Cell Biochem 2023; 478:2221-2240. [PMID: 36689040 PMCID: PMC9868520 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-022-04654-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 12/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
COVID-19 is caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2, SARS-CoV-2. COVID-19 has changed the world scenario and caused mortality around the globe. Patients who recovered from COVID-19 have shown neurological, psychological, renal, cardiovascular, pulmonary, and hematological complications. In some patients, complications lasted more than 6 months. However, significantly less attention has been given to post-COVID complications. Currently available drugs are used to tackle the complications, but new interventions must address the problem. Phytochemicals from natural sources have been evaluated in recent times to cure or alleviate COVID-19 symptoms. An edible plant, Solanum nigrum, could be therapeutic in treating COVID-19 as the AYUSH ministry of India prescribes it during the pandemic. S. nigrum demonstrates anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory, and antiviral action to treat the SARS-CoV-2 infection and its post-complications. Different parts of the plant represent a reduction in proinflammatory cytokines and prevent multi-organ failure by protecting various organs (liver, kidney, heart, neuro, and lung). The review proposes the possible role of the plant S. nigrum in managing the symptoms of COVID-19 and its post-COVID complications based on in silico docking and pharmacological studies. Further systematic and experimental studies are required to validate our hypothesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Divya Sharma
- Delhi Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research University, 110017, New Delhi, India
| | - Mit Joshi
- Institute of Pharmacy, Nirma University, 382481, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India
| | - Subbu Apparsundaram
- Delhi Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research University, 110017, New Delhi, India
| | - Ramesh K Goyal
- Delhi Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research University, 110017, New Delhi, India
| | - Bhoomika Patel
- National Forensic Sciences University, Sector-9, Gandhinagar-382007, Gujarat, India.
| | - Mahaveer Dhobi
- Delhi Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research University, 110017, New Delhi, India.
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Abou Baker DH, Hassan EM, El Gengaihi S. An overview on medicinal plants used for combating coronavirus: Current potentials and challenges. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURE AND FOOD RESEARCH 2023; 13:100632. [PMID: 37251276 PMCID: PMC10198795 DOI: 10.1016/j.jafr.2023.100632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Revised: 05/01/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Worldwide, Severe acute respiratory syndrome Coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic crisis, causing many morbidities, mortality, and devastating impact on economies, so the current outbreak of the CoV-2 is a major concern for global health. The infection spread quickly and caused chaos in many countries around the world. The slow discovery of CoV-2 and the limited treatment options are among the main challenges. Therefore, the development of a drug that is safe and effective against CoV-2 is urgently needed. The present overview briefly summarizes CoV-2 drug targets ex: RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp), papain-like protease (PLpro), 3-chymotrypsin-like protease (3CLpro), transmembrane serine protease enzymes (TMPRSS2), angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), structural protein (N, S, E, and M), and virulence factors (NSP1, ORF7a, and NSP3c) for which drug design perspective can be considered. In addition, summarize all anti-COVID-19 medicinal plants and phytocompounds and their mechanisms of action to be used as a guide for further studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Doha H Abou Baker
- Medicinal and Aromatic Plants Dept., Pharmaceutical and Drug Industries Institute, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Emad M Hassan
- Medicinal and Aromatic Plants Dept., Pharmaceutical and Drug Industries Institute, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Souad El Gengaihi
- Medicinal and Aromatic Plants Dept., Pharmaceutical and Drug Industries Institute, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt
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Ivanova T, Bosseva Y, Chervenkov M, Dimitrova D. Sweet Basil between the Soul and the Table-Transformation of Traditional Knowledge on Ocimum basilicum L. in Bulgaria. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:2771. [PMID: 37570924 PMCID: PMC10420671 DOI: 10.3390/plants12152771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Revised: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023]
Abstract
The study tracks the utilization of Ocimum basilicum L. (sweet basil)-a garden plant popular for its ritual and ornamental value in the past, that is currently applied in various forms and ways as medicine, food, insect repellent, etc.-in Bulgaria. Previous data for Bulgarian rural home gardens showed a significant number of preserved local landraces; however, it remained unclear how people perceive the large varietal diversity of this species and how the traditions related to its use are preserved. We combined a literature review on the cultural value of sweet basil and the breeding of local genetic resources with an online questionnaire, directed to adult laypeople, that sought to access different aspects of past (recalled) and present use and related knowledge. The identification skills of the participants were tested using images of local plant landraces and foreign varieties. Responses from 220 participants showed that potted "Genovese"-type individual was most frequently identified as sweet basil (89.9%), followed by two examples of local landraces in flower. Participants who grow sweet basil or used it in more varied ways had significantly better identification skills. Ocimum basilicum was most frequently reported as food, while ritual/symbolic use was preserved while devalued during the Communism regime (1945-1989). Food and religious uses were negatively associated in the past, but presently, the tendency is completely reversed. Preferences for the informal exchange of seeds and seed-saving practices were discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teodora Ivanova
- Department of Plant and Fungal Diversity and Resources, Institute of Biodiversity and Ecosystem Research, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria; (Y.B.); (M.C.); (D.D.)
| | - Yulia Bosseva
- Department of Plant and Fungal Diversity and Resources, Institute of Biodiversity and Ecosystem Research, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria; (Y.B.); (M.C.); (D.D.)
| | - Mihail Chervenkov
- Department of Plant and Fungal Diversity and Resources, Institute of Biodiversity and Ecosystem Research, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria; (Y.B.); (M.C.); (D.D.)
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Forestry, 1797 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Dessislava Dimitrova
- Department of Plant and Fungal Diversity and Resources, Institute of Biodiversity and Ecosystem Research, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria; (Y.B.); (M.C.); (D.D.)
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Jabin A, Uddin MF, Al Azad S, Rahman A, Tabassum F, Sarker P, Morshed AKMH, Rahman S, Raisa FF, Sakib MR, Olive AH, Islam T, Tahsin R, Ahmed SZ, Biswas P, Habiba MU, Siddiquy M, Jafary M. Target-specificity of different amyrin subunits in impeding HCV influx mechanism inside the human cells considering the quantum tunnel profiles and molecular strings of the CD81 receptor: a combined in silico and in vivo study. In Silico Pharmacol 2023; 11:8. [PMID: 36999133 PMCID: PMC10052254 DOI: 10.1007/s40203-023-00144-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2022] [Accepted: 02/11/2023] [Indexed: 03/31/2023] Open
Abstract
HCV is a hepatotropic RNA virus recognized for its frequent virulence and fatality worldwide. Despite many vaccine development programs underway, researchers are on a quest for natural bioactive compounds due to their multivalent efficiencies against viral infections, considering which the current research aimed to figure out the target-specificity and therapeutic potentiality of α, β, and δ subunits of amyrin, as novel bioactive components against the HCV influx mechanism. Initially, the novelty of amyrin subunits was conducted from 203 pharmacophores, comparing their in-silico pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic profiles. Besides, the best active site of CD81 was determined following the quantum tunneling algorithm. The molecular dynamic simulation was conducted (100 ns) following the molecular docking steps to reveal the parameters- RMSD (Å); Cα; RMSF (Å); MolSA (Å2); Rg (nm); PSA (Å); SASA (Å2), and the MM-GBSA dG binding scores. Besides, molecular strings of CD81, along with the co-expressed genes, were classified, as responsible for encoding CD81-mediated protein clusters during HCV infection, resulting in the potentiality of amyrins as targeted prophylactics in HCV infection. Finally, in vivo profiling of the oxidative stress marker, liver-specific enzymes, and antioxidant markers was conducted in the DMN-induced mice model, where β-amyrin scored the most significant values in all aspects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anika Jabin
- grid.443020.10000 0001 2295 3329Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, North South University, Dhaka, 1229 Bangladesh
| | - Mohammad Fahim Uddin
- grid.413273.00000 0001 0574 8737College of Material Science and Engineering, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, 310018 Zhejiang People’s Republic of China
| | - Salauddin Al Azad
- grid.258151.a0000 0001 0708 1323Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122 Jiangsu Province People’s Republic of China
| | - Ashfaque Rahman
- grid.443020.10000 0001 2295 3329Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, North South University, Dhaka, 1229 Bangladesh
| | - Fawzia Tabassum
- grid.412506.40000 0001 0689 2212Department of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Shahjalal University of Science and Technology, Sylhet, 3114 Bangladesh
| | - Pritthy Sarker
- grid.443020.10000 0001 2295 3329Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, North South University, Dhaka, 1229 Bangladesh
| | - A K M Helal Morshed
- grid.207374.50000 0001 2189 3846Pathology and Pathophysiology Major, Academy of Medical Science, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou City, 450001 Henan Province People’s Republic of China
| | - Samiur Rahman
- grid.443020.10000 0001 2295 3329Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, North South University, Dhaka, 1229 Bangladesh
| | - Fatima Fairuz Raisa
- grid.52681.380000 0001 0746 8691Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Brac University, Dhaka, 1212 Bangladesh
| | - Musfiqur Rahman Sakib
- grid.449329.10000 0004 4683 9733Department of Pharmacy, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Science and Technology University, Gopalganj, 8100 Bangladesh
| | - Abeer Hasan Olive
- grid.442996.40000 0004 0451 6987Department of Pharmacy, East West University, Dhaka, 1212 Bangladesh
| | - Tabassum Islam
- grid.442996.40000 0004 0451 6987Department of Computer Science and Engineering, East West University, Dhaka, 1212 Bangladesh
| | - Ramisha Tahsin
- grid.443020.10000 0001 2295 3329Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, North South University, Dhaka, 1229 Bangladesh
| | - Shahlaa Zernaz Ahmed
- grid.443020.10000 0001 2295 3329Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, North South University, Dhaka, 1229 Bangladesh
| | - Partha Biswas
- Department of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Jashore University of Science and Technology, Jashore, 7408 Bangladesh
| | - Mst. Umme Habiba
- Data Science Research Unit, RPG Interface Lab, Jashore, 7400 Bangladesh
| | - Mahbuba Siddiquy
- grid.258151.a0000 0001 0708 1323State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122 Jiangsu Province People’s Republic of China
| | - Maryam Jafary
- grid.411705.60000 0001 0166 0922Division of Food Safety and Hygiene, Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, 1416634793 Iran
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Buathong R, Duangsrisai S. Plant ingredients in Thai food: a well-rounded diet for natural bioactive associated with medicinal properties. PeerJ 2023; 11:e14568. [PMID: 36879911 PMCID: PMC9985418 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.14568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 03/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Seeking cures for chronic inflammation-associated diseases and infectious diseases caused by critical human pathogens is challenging and time-consuming. Even as the research community searches for novel bioactive agents, consuming a healthy diet with functional ability might be an effective way to delay and prevent the progression of severe health conditions. Many plant ingredients in Thai food are considered medicinal, and these vegetables, herbs, and spices collectively possess multiple biological and pharmacological activities, such as anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, antidiabetic, antipyretic, anticancer, hepatoprotective, and cardioprotective effects. Methodology In this review, the selected edible plants are unspecific to Thai food, but our unique blend of recipes and preparation techniques make traditional Thai food healthy and functional. We searched three electronic databases: PUBMED, Science Direct, and Google Scholar, using the specific keywords "Plant name" followed by "Anti-inflammatory" or "Antibacterial" or "Antiviral" and focusing on articles published between 2017 and 2021. Results Our selection of 69 edible and medicinal plant species (33 families) is the most comprehensive compilation of Thai food sources demonstrating biological activities to date. Focusing on articles published between 2017 and 2021, we identified a total of 245 scientific articles that have reported main compounds, traditional uses, and pharmacological and biological activities from plant parts of the selected species. Conclusions Evidence indicates that the selected plants contain bioactive compounds responsible for anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, and antiviral properties, suggesting these plants as potential sources for bioactive agents and suitable for consumption for health benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raveevatoo Buathong
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Sutsawat Duangsrisai
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, Thailand
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Bioactivity and In Silico Studies of Isoquinoline and Related Alkaloids as Promising Antiviral Agents: An Insight. Biomolecules 2022; 13:biom13010017. [PMID: 36671402 PMCID: PMC9856122 DOI: 10.3390/biom13010017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Revised: 12/10/2022] [Accepted: 12/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Viruses are widely recognized as the primary cause of infectious diseases around the world. The ongoing global pandemic due to the emergence of SARS-CoV-2 further added fuel to the fire. The development of therapeutics becomes very difficult as viruses can mutate their genome to become more complex and resistant. Medicinal plants and phytocompounds could be alternative options. Isoquinoline and their related alkaloids are naturally occurring compounds that interfere with multiple pathways including nuclear factor-κB, mitogen-activated protein kinase/extracellular-signal-regulated kinase, and inhibition of Ca2+-mediated fusion. These pathways play a crucial role in viral replication. Thus, the major goal of this study is to comprehend the function of various isoquinoline and related alkaloids in viral infections by examining their potential mechanisms of action, structure-activity relationships (SAR), in silico (particularly for SARS-CoV-2), in vitro and in vivo studies. The current advancements in isoquinoline and related alkaloids as discussed in the present review could facilitate an in-depth understanding of their role in the drug discovery process.
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Gandhi Y, Mishra SK, Rawat H, Grewal J, Kumar R, Shakya SK, Jain VK, Babu G, Singh A, Singh R, Acharya R, Kumar V. Phytomedicines explored under in vitro and in silico studies against coronavirus: An opportunity to develop traditional medicines. SOUTH AFRICAN JOURNAL OF BOTANY : OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE SOUTH AFRICAN ASSOCIATION OF BOTANISTS = SUID-AFRIKAANSE TYDSKRIF VIR PLANTKUNDE : AMPTELIKE TYDSKRIF VAN DIE SUID-AFRIKAANSE GENOOTSKAP VAN PLANTKUNDIGES 2022; 151:451-483. [PMID: 35530267 PMCID: PMC9057940 DOI: 10.1016/j.sajb.2022.04.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2021] [Revised: 04/07/2022] [Accepted: 04/29/2022] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
The widespread COVID-19 pandemic, caused by novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2, has emanated as one of the most life-threatening transmissible diseases. Currently, the repurposed drugs such as remdesivir, azithromycine, chloroquine, and hydroxychloroquine are being employed in the management of COVID-19 but their adverse effects are a matter of concern. In this regard, alternative treatment options i.e., traditional medicine, medicinal plants, and their phytochemicals, which exhibit significant therapeutic efficacy and show a low toxicity profile, are being explored. The current review aims at unraveling the promising medicinal plants, phytochemicals, and traditional medicines against SARS-CoV-2 to discover phytomedicines for the management of COVID-19 on the basis of their potent antiviral activities against coronaviruses, as demonstrated in various biochemical and computational chemical biology studies. The review consists of integrative and updated information on the potential traditional medicines against COVID-19 and will facilitate researchers to develop traditional medicines for the management of COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yashika Gandhi
- Department of Chemistry, Central Ayurveda Research Institute Jhansi, Uttar Pradesh, 284003, India
| | - Sujeet K Mishra
- Department of Chemistry, Central Ayurveda Research Institute Jhansi, Uttar Pradesh, 284003, India
| | - Hemant Rawat
- Department of Chemistry, Central Ayurveda Research Institute Jhansi, Uttar Pradesh, 284003, India
| | - Jyotika Grewal
- Department of Chemistry, Central Ayurveda Research Institute Jhansi, Uttar Pradesh, 284003, India
| | - Ravi Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, Central Ayurveda Research Institute Jhansi, Uttar Pradesh, 284003, India
| | - Santosh K Shakya
- Department of Chemistry, Central Ayurveda Research Institute Jhansi, Uttar Pradesh, 284003, India
| | - Vipin Kumar Jain
- Department of Chemistry, Central Ayurveda Research Institute Jhansi, Uttar Pradesh, 284003, India
| | - G Babu
- Department of Ayurveda, Central Ayurveda Research Institute Jhansi, Uttar Pradesh, 284003, India
| | - Arjun Singh
- Central Council for Research in Ayurvedic Sciences, New Delhi, 110058, India
| | - Ravindra Singh
- Central Council for Research in Ayurvedic Sciences, New Delhi, 110058, India
| | - Rabinarayan Acharya
- Central Council for Research in Ayurvedic Sciences, New Delhi, 110058, India
| | - Vijay Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, Central Ayurveda Research Institute Jhansi, Uttar Pradesh, 284003, India
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Zhang J, Zhu Y, Si J, Wu L. Metabolites of medicine food homology-derived endophytic fungi and their activities. Curr Res Food Sci 2022; 5:1882-1896. [PMID: 36276242 PMCID: PMC9579210 DOI: 10.1016/j.crfs.2022.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2022] [Revised: 09/08/2022] [Accepted: 10/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Medicine food homology (MFH) substances not only provide essential nutrients as food but also have corresponding factors that can prevent and help treat nutritional imbalances, chronic disease, and other related issues. Endophytic fungi associated with plants have potential for use in drug discovery and food therapy. However, the endophytic fungal metabolites from MFH plants and their effects have been overlooked. Therefore, this review focuses on the various biological activities of 108 new metabolites isolated from 53 MFH-derived endophytic fungi. The paper explores the potential nutritional and medicinal value of metabolites of MFH-derived endophytic fungi for food and medical applications. This research is important for the future development of effective, safe, and nontoxic therapeutic nutraceuticals for the prevention and treatment of human diseases.
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Tirado-Kulieva VA, Hernández-Martínez E, Choque-Rivera TJ. Phenolic compounds versus SARS-CoV-2: An update on the main findings against COVID-19. Heliyon 2022; 8:e10702. [PMID: 36157310 PMCID: PMC9484857 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e10702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2022] [Revised: 05/04/2022] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic caused by SARS-CoV-2 remains an international concern. Although there are drugs to fight it, new natural alternatives such as polyphenols are essential due to their antioxidant activity and high antiviral potential. In this context, this review reports the main findings on the effect of phenolic compounds (PCs) against SARS-CoV-2 virus. First, the proven activity of PCs against different human viruses is briefly detailed, which serves as a starting point to study their anti-COVID-19 potential. SARS-CoV-2 targets (its proteins) are defined. Findings from in silico, in vitro and in vivo studies of a wide variety of phenolic compounds are shown, emphasizing their mechanism of action, which is fundamental for drug design. Furthermore, clinical trials have demonstrated the effectiveness of PCs in the prevention and as a possible therapeutic management against COVID-19. The results were complemented with information on the influence of polyphenols in strengthening/modulating the immune system. It is recommended to investigate compounds such as vitamins, minerals, alkaloids, triterpenes and fatty acids, and their synergistic use with PCs, many of which have been successful against SARS-CoV-2. Based on findings on other viruses, synergistic evaluation of PCs with accepted drugs against COVID-19 is also suggested. Other recommendations and limitations are also shown, which is useful for professionals involved in the development of efficient, safe and low-cost therapeutic strategies based on plant matrices rich in PCs. To the authors' knowledge, this manuscript is the first to evaluate the relationship between the antiviral and immunomodulatory (including anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects) activity of PCs and their underlying mechanisms in relation to the fight against COVID-19. It is also of interest for the general population to be informed about the importance of consuming foods rich in bioactive compounds for their health benefits. Phenolic compounds are known for their high potential against various human viruses. Phenolic compounds also have anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory activity. Medicinal plants used against COVID-19 are rich in phenolic compounds. Phenolic compounds interfere with the activity of SARS-CoV-2 proteins. A wide variety of food products with high polyphenolic content are presented.
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Popoola TD, Segun PA, Ekuadzi E, Dickson RA, Awotona OR, Nahar L, Sarker SD, Fatokun AA. West African medicinal plants and their constituent compounds as treatments for viral infections, including SARS-CoV-2/COVID-19. DARU : JOURNAL OF FACULTY OF PHARMACY, TEHRAN UNIVERSITY OF MEDICAL SCIENCES 2022; 30:191-210. [PMID: 35476297 PMCID: PMC9043090 DOI: 10.1007/s40199-022-00437-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2021] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Objectives The recent emergence of the COVID-19 pandemic (caused by SARS-CoV-2) and the experience of its unprecedented alarming toll on humanity have shone a fresh spotlight on the weakness of global preparedness for pandemics, significant health inequalities, and the fragility of healthcare systems in certain regions of the world. It is imperative to identify effective drug treatments for COVID-19. Therefore, the objective of this review is to present a unique and contextualised collection of antiviral natural plants or remedies from the West African sub-region as existing or potential treatments for viral infections, including COVID-19, with emphasis on their mechanisms of action. Evidence acquisition Evidence was synthesised from the literature using appropriate keywords as search terms within scientific databases such as Scopus, PubMed, Web of Science and Google Scholar. Results While some vaccines and small-molecule drugs are now available to combat COVID-19, access to these therapeutic entities in many countries is still quite limited. In addition, significant aspects of the symptomatology, pathophysiology and long-term prognosis of the infection yet remain unknown. The existing therapeutic armamentarium, therefore, requires significant expansion. There is evidence that natural products with antiviral effects have been used in successfully managing COVID-19 symptoms and could be developed as anti-COVID-19 agents which act through host- and virus-based molecular targets. Conclusion Natural products could be successfully exploited for treating viral infections/diseases, including COVID-19. Strengthening natural products research capacity in developing countries is, therefore, a key strategy for reducing health inequalities, improving global health, and enhancing preparedness for future pandemics. Graphical abstract ![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Temidayo D Popoola
- Centre for Natural Products Discovery (CNPD), School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, James Parsons Building, Byrom Street, Liverpool, L3 3AF, UK
| | - Peter A Segun
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Olabisi Onabanjo University, Ogun State, Sagamu Campus, Nigeria
| | - Edmund Ekuadzi
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Rita A Dickson
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Olanrewaju R Awotona
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Legacy University, No. 55, Kairaba Avenue, Fajara, Banjul, The Gambia
| | - Lutfun Nahar
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Institute of Experimental Botany, ASCR & Palacký University, Šlechtitelů 27, 78371, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Satyajit D Sarker
- Centre for Natural Products Discovery (CNPD), School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, James Parsons Building, Byrom Street, Liverpool, L3 3AF, UK
| | - Amos A Fatokun
- Centre for Natural Products Discovery (CNPD), School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, James Parsons Building, Byrom Street, Liverpool, L3 3AF, UK.
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Fatima SW, Alam S, Khare SK. Molecular and structural insights of β-boswellic acid and glycyrrhizic acid as potent SARS-CoV-2 Envelope protein inhibitors. PHYTOMEDICINE PLUS : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2022; 2:100241. [PMID: 35403092 PMCID: PMC8840829 DOI: 10.1016/j.phyplu.2022.100241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Over million people have been infected with SARS-CoV-2 virus worldwide, with around 3% reported deaths till date. A few conventional antiviral treatments have been tried to mitigate the coronavirus. However, many alternative therapeutics are being evaluated worldwide. In the present study, we investigated traditional Indian medicinal compounds antiviral potencies as an effective drug for targeting SARS-CoV-2E. SARS-CoV-2 E protein plays a key role in coronavirus life cycle and is an interesting target for the development of anti-SARS-CoV-2 E drugs. METHODS Molecular docking studies of medicinal compounds possessing wide range of pharmacological and antiviral activities against enveloped viruses were evaluated with the computer-aided drug design screening software; PyRx. Twelve medicinal compounds isolated from plants were screened and visualized on Biovia Discovery-Studio. Moreover, SARS-CoV-2 E protein's secondary structural insights were deciphered using Swiss Model and ProFunc web server. RESULTS Glycyrrhizic acid, triterpene glycoside isolated from plants of Glycyrrhiza (licorice) showed interactions with envelope protein at chain A: Arg 61, chain B: Phe 23, chain B: Tyr 57, and chain C: Val 25. β- boswellic acid, an ayurvedic herb (pentacyclic terpenoid are produced by Boswellia) represented direct interactions and indirect binding with chain C. Their pharmacological aspects and drug-likeness properties were deduced by DruLiTo. Toxicological assessment, along with their ADME profiling, was validated using vNNADMET. The findings showed that ligands, β-boswellic acid, and glycyrrhizic acid possessed the best bindings, with the target having binding affinity (-9.1 kcal/mol) amongst compounds tested against SARS-CoV-2 E. In-vitro studies reveals the promising effect as potent SARS-CoV-2 E inhibitors. Functionality loss and structural disruptions with ∼90% were observed by UV-spectra and fluorescent based analyses. CONCLUSION The study demonstrated that β-boswellic acid, and glycyrrhizic acid are strong SARS-CoV-2 E protein inhibitors. In addition, the work linked GA antiviral activity to its effect on SARS-CoV- 2 E protein that can pave the way for designing antiviral therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Syeda Warisul Fatima
- Enzyme and Microbial Biochemistry Laboratory,Department of Chemistry,Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi 110016, India
| | - Shahenvaz Alam
- Enzyme and Microbial Biochemistry Laboratory,Department of Chemistry,Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi 110016, India
| | - Sunil K Khare
- Enzyme and Microbial Biochemistry Laboratory,Department of Chemistry,Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi 110016, India
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12
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Dubey AK, Chaudhry SK, Singh HB, Gupta VK, Kaushik A. Perspectives on nano-nutraceuticals to manage pre and post COVID-19 infections. BIOTECHNOLOGY REPORTS (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2022; 33:e00712. [PMID: 35186674 PMCID: PMC8832856 DOI: 10.1016/j.btre.2022.e00712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2021] [Accepted: 02/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Optimized therapeutic bio-compounds supported by bio-acceptable nanosystems (i.e., precise nanomedicine) have ability to promote health via maintaining body structure, organ function, and controlling chronic and acute effects. Therefore, nano-nutraceuticals (designed to neutralize virus, inhibit virus bindings with receptors, and support immunity) utilization can manage COVID-19 pre/post-infection effects. To explore these approaches well, our mini-review explores optimized bio-active compounds, their ability to influence SARS-CoV-2 infection, improvement in performance supported by precise nanomedicine approach, and challenges along with prospects. Such optimized pharmacologically relevant therapeutic cargo not only affect SARS-CoV-2 but will support other organs which show functional alternation due to SARS-CoV-2 for example, neurological functions. Hence, coupling the nutraceuticals with the nano-pharmacology perspective of higher efficacy via targeted delivery action can pave a novel way for health experts to plan future research needed to manage post COVID-19 infection effect where a longer efficacy with no side-effects is a key requirement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ankit Kumar Dubey
- Department of Biotechnology, Bhupat and Jyoti Mehta School of Biosciences, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Tamil Nadu, 600036, India
- Institute of Scholars (InSc), Bengaluru, 560091, Karnataka, India
| | - Suman Kumar Chaudhry
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Tezpur University, Sonitpur, Assam, 784028, India
| | | | - Vijai Kumar Gupta
- Biorefining and Advanced Materials Research Center, SRUC, Kings Buildings, West Mains Road, Edinburgh EH9 3JG, United Kingdom
- Center for Safe and Improved Food, SRUC, Kings Buildings, West Mains Road, Edinburgh EH9 3JG, United Kingdom
| | - Ajeet Kaushik
- NanoBioTech Laboratory, Health Systems Engineering, Department of Natural Sciences, Florida Polytechnic University, Lakeland, FL, 33805, United States of America
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13
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Ahmed MN, Jahan R, Nissapatorn V, Wilairatana P, Rahmatullah M. Plant lectins as prospective antiviral biomolecules in the search for COVID-19 eradication strategies. Biomed Pharmacother 2022; 146:112507. [PMID: 34891122 PMCID: PMC8648558 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.112507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2021] [Revised: 12/02/2021] [Accepted: 12/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Lectins or clusters of carbohydrate-binding proteins of non-immune origin are distributed chiefly in the Plantae. Lectins have potent anti-infectivity properties for several RNA viruses including SARS-CoV-2. The primary purpose of this review is to review the ability of lectins mediated potential biotherapeutic and bioprophylactic strategy against coronavirus causing COVID-19. Lectins have binding affinity to the glycans of SARS-COV-2 Spike glycoprotein that has N-glycosylation sites. Apart from this, the complement lectin pathway is a "first line host defense" against the viral infection that is activated by mannose-binding lectins. Mannose-binding lectins deficiency in serum influences innate immunity of the host and facilitates infectious diseases including COVID-19. Our accumulated evidence obtained from scientific databases particularly PubMed and Google Scholar databases indicate that mannose-specific/mannose-binding lectins (MBL) have potent efficacies like anti-infectivity, complement cascade induction, immunoadjuvants, DC-SIGN antagonists, or glycomimetic approach, which can prove useful in the strategy of COVID-19 combat along with the glycobiological aspects of SARS-CoV-2 infections and antiviral immunity. For example, plant-derived mannose-specific lectins BanLac, FRIL, Lentil, and GRFT from red algae can inhibit and neutralize SARS-CoV-2 infectivity, as confirmed with in-vitro, in-vivo, and in-silico assessments. Furthermore, Bangladesh has a noteworthy resource of antiviral medicinal plants as well as plant lectins. Intensifying research on the antiviral plant lectins, adopting a glyco-biotechnological approach, and with deeper insights into the "glycovirological" aspects may result in the designing of alternative and potent blueprints against the 21st century's biological pandemic of SARS-CoV-2 causing COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Nasir Ahmed
- Department of Biotechnology & Genetic Engineering, University of Development Alternative, Dhaka, Bangladesh; Biotechnology & Natural Medicine Division, TechB Nutrigenomics, Dhaka, Bangladesh.
| | - Rownak Jahan
- Department of Biotechnology & Genetic Engineering, University of Development Alternative, Dhaka, Bangladesh.
| | - Veeranoot Nissapatorn
- School of Allied Health Sciences and World Union for Herbal Drug Discovery (WUHeDD), Walailak University, Nakhon Si Thammarat, Thailand
| | - Polrat Wilairatana
- Department of Clinical Tropical Medicine, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand.
| | - Mohammed Rahmatullah
- Department of Biotechnology & Genetic Engineering, University of Development Alternative, Dhaka, Bangladesh.
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14
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Adeel S, Habib N, Batool F, Rahman A, Ahmad T, Amin N. Eco-friendly approach towards isolation of colorant from Esfand for bio-mordanted silk dyeing. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:13523-13533. [PMID: 34595716 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-16679-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2021] [Accepted: 09/19/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Sustainability in all applied fields particularly in textiles is to protect our globe, environment, and community, where green dyed products are playing their role. For the current study, Esfand (Peganum harmala) has been explored using a green isolation tool, i.e., ultrasonic (U.S.) rays, and applied onto fabric. Different dyeing parameters have been explored statistically through response surface methodology by employing temperature (50-80°C), time (25-65 min), extract volume (15-55 mL), salt (1-5 g/100 mL), and dye bath pH (4-7) through series of experiments. For developing new shades, green mordants such as elaichi, neem, turmeric, and zeera have been utilized. It has been found that exposure of 35 mL extract of 7 pH containing 3 g/100 mL of salt as exhausting agent to U.S. rays for 30 min for the dyeing of silk at 70°C for 45 min has given maximum color strength with reddish-yellow shades. Color characteristics obtained in the CIE Lab system reveal that 5% of turmeric as meta bio-mordant has given good quality reddish-yellow shades. It is found that U.S. rays have not only good potential to isolate colorant followed by dyeing of silk under reduced condition but also the application of bio-mordants have made the process more greener, sustainable, and cleaner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shahid Adeel
- Department of Chemistry, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan
| | - Noman Habib
- Department of Botany, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan.
| | - Fatima Batool
- Department of Botany, Division of Science & Technology, University of Education Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Aamir Rahman
- Department of Botany, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan
| | - Tanvir Ahmad
- Department of Statistics, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan
| | - Nimra Amin
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan
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15
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Nimesh S, Akram M, Ahmad MI, Ahmad A, Kumari P, Lal M. Immunity-Boosting Natural Herbs to Combat COVID-19 Pandemic: A Narrative Review. BORNEO JOURNAL OF PHARMACY 2021. [DOI: 10.33084/bjop.v4i4.2534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Coronaviruses cause some severe forms of respiratory infections such as Severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS), Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS), and Coronavirus disease 2019 (Covid-19). These viruses cause diarrhea in pigs and cows and upper respiratory disease in chickens, while other symptoms may differ. In humans, a total of six coronaviruses have been identified HCoVs-NL63, HCoVs-OC43, HCoVs-229E, HCoVs-HKU1, MERS-CoV, and SARS-CoV. The world health organization (WHO) has done a great deal of hard work regarding combating the monstrous effects of this virus. So far, no specific antiviral drugs have been developed for the treatment of Covid-19. Therefore, the medicinal plants used for the previous epidemic outbreaks are getting attention for their potential treatment against the virus. It has been reported that 70 to 80% of people in developing countries depend on medicinal plants or phytomedicine compared to allopathic drugs for their primary healthcare. The south Asian subcontinents have used almost up to 25,000 formulations and extracts obtained from medicinal plants for treatment in folk medicine. The present review discusses an overview of the coronavirus, its immune responses, and some immunity-boosting herbs to combat Covid-19.
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16
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Sahu S, Patil CR, Kumar S, Apparsundaram S, Goyal RK. Role of ACE2-Ang (1-7)-Mas axis in post-COVID-19 complications and its dietary modulation. Mol Cell Biochem 2021; 477:225-240. [PMID: 34655418 PMCID: PMC8520076 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-021-04275-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2021] [Accepted: 10/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus-2 (COVID-19) virus uses Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2 (ACE2) as a gateway for their entry into the human body. The ACE2 with cleaved products have emerged as major contributing factors to multiple physiological functions and pathogenic complications leading to the clinical consequences of the COVID-19 infection Decreased ACE2 expression restricts the viral entry into the human cells and reduces the viral load. COVID-19 infection reduces the ACE2 expression and induces post-COVID-19 complications like pneumonia and lung injury. The modulation of the ACE2-Ang (1–7)-Mas (AAM) axis is also being explored as a modality to treat post-COVID-19 complications. Evidence indicates that specific food components may modulate the AAM axis. The variations in the susceptibility to COVID-19 infection and the post-COVID its complications are being correlated with varied dietary habits. Some of the food substances have emerged to have supportive roles in treating post-COVID-19 complications and are being considered as adjuvants to the COVID-19 therapy. It is possible that some of their active ingredients may emerge as the direct treatment for the COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Santoshi Sahu
- Department of Pharmacology, Delhi Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research (DIPSAR), Delhi Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research University (DPDRU), PushpVihar Sector-3, New Delhi, 110017, India
| | - C R Patil
- Department of Pharmacology, Delhi Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research (DIPSAR), Delhi Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research University (DPDRU), PushpVihar Sector-3, New Delhi, 110017, India
| | - Sachin Kumar
- Department of Pharmacology, Delhi Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research (DIPSAR), Delhi Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research University (DPDRU), PushpVihar Sector-3, New Delhi, 110017, India
| | - Subbu Apparsundaram
- Department of Pharmacology, Delhi Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research (DIPSAR), Delhi Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research University (DPDRU), PushpVihar Sector-3, New Delhi, 110017, India
| | - Ramesh K Goyal
- Department of Pharmacology, Delhi Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research (DIPSAR), Delhi Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research University (DPDRU), PushpVihar Sector-3, New Delhi, 110017, India.
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Chandramouli V, Niraj SK, Nair KG, Joseph J, Aruni W. Phytomolecules Repurposed as Covid-19 Inhibitors: Opportunity and Challenges. Curr Microbiol 2021; 78:3620-3633. [PMID: 34448061 PMCID: PMC8390070 DOI: 10.1007/s00284-021-02639-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2021] [Accepted: 08/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The SARS-CoV-2 virus has spread worldwide to cause a full blown pandemic since 2020. To date, several promising synthetic therapeutics are repurposed and vaccines through different stages of clinical trials were approved and being administered, but still the efficacy of the drugs and vaccines are yet to be decoded. This article highlights the importance of traditional medicinal plants and the phytomolecules derived from them, which possess in vitro antiviral and anti-CoV properties and further explores their potential as inhibitors to molecular targets of SARS-CoV-2 that were evaluated by in silico approaches. Botanicals in traditional medicinal systems have been investigated for anti-SARS-CoV-2 activity through in silico and in vitro studies. However, information linking structure of phytomolecules to their antiviral activity is limited. Most phytomolecules with anti-CoV activity were studied for inhibition of the human ACE2 receptor through which the virus enters host cells, and non-structural proteins 3CLpro and PLpro. Although the proteases are ideal anti-CoV targets, information on plant-based inhibitors for the CoV structural proteins, e.g., spike, envelope, membrane, nucleocapsid required further investigations. In absence of scientific evaluations through in vitro and biocompatibility studies, plant-based antivirals fall short as treatment options. Plant-based anti-SARS-CoV-2 therapeutics can be promising alternatives to their synthetic counterparts as they are economical and bear fewer chances of toxicity, side effects, and viral resistance. Our review could provide a systematic overview of the potential phytomolecules which can be repurposed and subjected to further modes of experimental evaluation to qualify for use in treatment and prophylaxis of SARS-CoV-2 infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vaishnavi Chandramouli
- Advanced Institute for Wildlife Conservation, Tamil Nadu Forest Department, Government of Tamil Nadu, Chennai, 600048, India
| | - Shekhar Kumar Niraj
- Advanced Institute for Wildlife Conservation, Tamil Nadu Forest Department, Government of Tamil Nadu, Chennai, 600048, India
| | - Krishna G Nair
- MES T O Abdulla Memorial College, Kunnukara, Aluva, Kerala, 683578, India
| | - Jerrine Joseph
- Centre for Drug Discovery and Development, Sathyabama Institute of Science and Technology, Chennai, 600119, India.
| | - Wilson Aruni
- Sathyabama Institute of Science and Technology, Chennai, 600119, India
- School of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, USA
- Musculoskeletal Disease Research Laboratory US, Department of Veteran Affairs, Loma Linda, CA, USA
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18
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Koyama S, Kondo K, Ueha R, Kashiwadani H, Heinbockel T. Possible Use of Phytochemicals for Recovery from COVID-19-Induced Anosmia and Ageusia. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:8912. [PMID: 34445619 PMCID: PMC8396277 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22168912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Revised: 08/10/2021] [Accepted: 08/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The year 2020 became the year of the outbreak of coronavirus, SARS-CoV-2, which escalated into a worldwide pandemic and continued into 2021. One of the unique symptoms of the SARS-CoV-2 disease, COVID-19, is the loss of chemical senses, i.e., smell and taste. Smell training is one of the methods used in facilitating recovery of the olfactory sense, and it uses essential oils of lemon, rose, clove, and eucalyptus. These essential oils were not selected based on their chemical constituents. Although scientific studies have shown that they improve recovery, there may be better combinations for facilitating recovery. Many phytochemicals have bioactive properties with anti-inflammatory and anti-viral effects. In this review, we describe the chemical compounds with anti- inflammatory and anti-viral effects, and we list the plants that contain these chemical compounds. We expand the review from terpenes to the less volatile flavonoids in order to propose a combination of essential oils and diets that can be used to develop a new taste training method, as there has been no taste training so far. Finally, we discuss the possible use of these in clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sachiko Koyama
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405, USA
| | - Kenji Kondo
- Department of Otolaryngology, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan;
| | - Rumi Ueha
- Department of Otolaryngology, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan;
- Swallowing Center, The University of Tokyo Hospital, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan
| | - Hideki Kashiwadani
- Department of Physiology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima 890-8544, Japan;
| | - Thomas Heinbockel
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, Howard University, Washington, DC 20059, USA
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Santhi VP, Masilamani P, Sriramavaratharajan V, Murugan R, Gurav SS, Sarasu VP, Parthiban S, Ayyanar M. Therapeutic potential of phytoconstituents of edible fruits in combating emerging viral infections. J Food Biochem 2021; 45:e13851. [PMID: 34236082 PMCID: PMC8420441 DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.13851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2021] [Revised: 06/20/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Plant-derived bioactive molecules display potential antiviral activity against various viral targets including mode of viral entry and its replication in host cells. Considering the challenges and search for antiviral agents, this review provides substantiated data on chemical constituents of edible fruits with promising antiviral activity. The bioactive constituents like naringenin, mangiferin, α-mangostin, geraniin, punicalagin, and lectins of edible fruits exhibit antiviral effect by inhibiting viral replication against IFV, DENV, polio, CHIKV, Zika, HIV, HSV, HBV, HCV, and SARS-CoV. The significance of edible fruit phytochemicals to block the virulence of various deadly viruses through their inhibitory action against the entry and replication of viral genetic makeup and proteins are discussed. In view of the antiviral property of active constituents of edible fruits which can strengthen the immune system and reduce oxidative stress, they are suggested to be diet supplements to combat various viral diseases including COVID-19. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: Considering the increasing threat of COVID-19, it is suggested to examine the therapeutic efficacy of existing antiviral molecules of edible fruits which may provide prophylactic and adjuvant therapy with their potential antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and immune-modulatory effects. Several active molecules like geraniin, naringenin, (2R,4R)-1,2,4-trihydroxyheptadec-16-one, betacyanins, mangiferin, punicalagin, isomangiferin, procyanidin B2, quercetin, marmelide, jacalin lectin, banana lectin, and α-mangostin isolated from various edible fruits have showed promising antiviral properties against different pathogenic viruses. Especially flavonoid compounds extracted from edible fruits possess potential antiviral activity against a wide array of viruses like HIV-1, HSV-1 and 2, HCV, INF, dengue, yellow fever, NSV, and Zika virus infection. Hence taking such fruits or edible fruits and their constituents/compounds as dietary supplements could deliver adequate plasma levels in the body to optimize the cell and tissue levels and could lead to possible benefits for the preventive measures for this pandemic COVID-19 situation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veerasamy Pushparaj Santhi
- Department of Fruit Science, Horticultural College and Research Institute for WomenTamil Nadu Agricultural UniversityTiruchirappalliIndia
| | - Poomaruthai Masilamani
- Department of Fruit Science, Horticultural College and Research Institute for WomenTamil Nadu Agricultural UniversityTiruchirappalliIndia
- Anbil Dharmalingam Agricultural College and Research InstituteTamil Nadu Agricultural UniversityTiruchirappalliIndia
| | | | - Ramar Murugan
- Centre for Research and Postgraduate Studies in BotanyAyya Nadar Janaki Ammal College (Autonomous)SivakasiIndia
| | - Shailendra S. Gurav
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry, Goa College of PharmacyGoa UniversityPanajiIndia
| | | | - Subbaiyan Parthiban
- Department of Fruit Science, Horticultural College and Research Institute for WomenTamil Nadu Agricultural UniversityTiruchirappalliIndia
| | - Muniappan Ayyanar
- Department of Botany, A.V.V.M. Sri Pushpam College (Autonomous)Bharathidasan UniversityThanjavurIndia
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20
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Malekmohammad K, Rafieian-Kopaei M. Mechanistic Aspects of Medicinal Plants and Secondary Metabolites against Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Curr Pharm Des 2021; 27:3996-4007. [PMID: 34225607 DOI: 10.2174/1381612827666210705160130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2020] [Accepted: 06/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE The Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), a highly pathogenic virus, is responsible for a respiratory disease termed coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). SARS-CoV-2 genome encodes various structural and non-structural proteins, which are necessary for viral entry and replication. Among these proteins, papain-like protease (PLpro), 3C-like protease (3CLpro), RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp), helicase, a serine protease, and spike protein are potential targets of herbal remedies and phytocompounds for inhibition of viral infection and replication. There is at present no confirmed cure for the COVID-19. Various plants and their components have been introduced against SARS-Co-2. A number of review articles have also been published on them. This article is focusing on the mechanistic aspects of these plants and their derivatives on SARS-CV-2. METHOD The material in this review article was prepared from significant scientific databases, including Web of Science, PubMed, Science Direct, Scopus and Google Scholar. RESULTS Different medicinal plants and their phytocompounds interact with important structural and non-structural of SARS-CoV-2 proteins. Natural compounds form strong bonds with the active site of SARS-CoV-2 protease and make large conformational changes. These phytochemicals are potential inhibitors of structural and non-structural of SARS-CoV-2 proteins such as Spike protein, PLpro, and 3CLpro. Some important anti-SARS-CoV-2 actions of medicinal plants and their metabolites are inhibition of the virus replication or entry, blocking the angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE-2) receptor and "Transmembrane protease, serine 2 (TMPRSS2)" regulation of inflammatory mediators, inhibition of endothelial activation, toll-like receptors (TLRs) and activation of the nuclear factor erythroid-derived 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2). Some of these important natural immune boosters that are helpful for prevention and curing various symptoms related to COVID-19 include Allium sativum, Nigella sativa, Glycyrrhiza glabra Zingiber officinalis, Ocimum sanctum, Withania somnifera, Tinospora cordifolia, and Scutellaria baicalensis. Also, Kaempferol, Quercetin, Baicalin, Scutellarin, Glycyrrhizin, Curcumin, Apigenin, Ursolic acid, and Chloroquine are the best candidates for treating the symptoms associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection. CONCLUSION Medicinal plants and/or their bioactive compounds with inhibitory effects against SARS-CoV-2 support the human immune system and help in fighting against COVID-19 and rejuvenating the immune system.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mahmoud Rafieian-Kopaei
- Medical Plants Research Center, Basic Health Sciences Institute, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran
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21
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Wang YQ, Li QS, Zheng XQ, Lu JL, Liang YR. Antiviral Effects of Green Tea EGCG and Its Potential Application against COVID-19. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26133962. [PMID: 34209485 PMCID: PMC8271719 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26133962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2021] [Revised: 06/23/2021] [Accepted: 06/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
(–)-Epigallocatechin-3-O-gallate (EGCG), the most abundant component of catechins in tea (Camellia sinensis (L.) O. Kuntze), plays a role against viruses through inhibiting virus invasiveness, restraining gene expression and replication. In this paper, the antiviral effects of EGCG on various viruses, including DNA virus, RNA virus, coronavirus, enterovirus and arbovirus, were reviewed. Meanwhile, the antiviral effects of the EGCG epi-isomer counterpart (+)-gallocatechin-3-O-gallate (GCG) were also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying-Qi Wang
- Tea Research Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; (Y.-Q.W.); (X.-Q.Z.)
| | - Qing-Sheng Li
- Institute of Sericulture and Tea, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310000, China;
| | - Xin-Qiang Zheng
- Tea Research Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; (Y.-Q.W.); (X.-Q.Z.)
| | - Jian-Liang Lu
- Tea Research Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; (Y.-Q.W.); (X.-Q.Z.)
- Correspondence: (J.-L.L.); (Y.-R.L.)
| | - Yue-Rong Liang
- Tea Research Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; (Y.-Q.W.); (X.-Q.Z.)
- Correspondence: (J.-L.L.); (Y.-R.L.)
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22
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Prabu T, Kahlil Subramanian K, Manavalan N, Venkateswaran ST, Maheshkumar K. An approach towards COVID-19 pandemic with Yoga and Naturopathy interventions- Tamilnadu model. CLINICAL EPIDEMIOLOGY AND GLOBAL HEALTH 2021; 12:100807. [PMID: 34179567 PMCID: PMC8215935 DOI: 10.1016/j.cegh.2021.100807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2021] [Revised: 05/30/2021] [Accepted: 06/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- T Prabu
- Department of Philosophy of Nature Cure, Govt. Yoga & Naturopathy Medical College & Hospital, Chennai, Tamilnadu, India
| | - K Kahlil Subramanian
- Department of Research, Govt. Yoga & Naturopathy Medical College & Hospital, Chennai, Tamilnadu, India
| | - N Manavalan
- Department of Naturopathy, Govt. Yoga & Naturopathy Medical College & Hospital, Chennai, Tamilnadu, India
| | - S T Venkateswaran
- Department of Yoga, Govt. Yoga & Naturopathy Medical College & Hospital, Chennai, Tamilnadu, India
| | - K Maheshkumar
- Department of Physiology and Biochemistry, Govt. Yoga & Naturopathy Medical College & Hospital, Chennai, Tamilnadu, India
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Badary OA, Hamza MS, Tikamdas R. Thymoquinone: A Promising Natural Compound with Potential Benefits for COVID-19 Prevention and Cure. DRUG DESIGN DEVELOPMENT AND THERAPY 2021; 15:1819-1833. [PMID: 33976534 PMCID: PMC8106451 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s308863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2021] [Accepted: 04/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
COVID-19 has caused a major global health crisis, as excessive inflammation, oxidation, and exaggerated immune response in some sufferers can lead to a condition known as cytokine storm, which may progress to acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDs), which can be fatal. So far, few effective drugs have emerged to assist in the treatment of patients with COVID-19, though some herbal medicine candidates may assist in the fight against COVID-19 deaths. Thymoquinone (TQ), the main active ingredient of black seed oil, possesses antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antiviral, antimicrobial, immunomodulatory and anticoagulant activities. TQ also increases the activity and number of cytokine suppressors, lymphocytes, natural killer cells, and macrophages, and it has demonstrated antiviral potential against a number of viruses, including murine cytomegalovirus, Epstein-Barr virus, hepatitis C virus, human immunodeficiency virus, and other coronaviruses. Recently, TQ has demonstrated notable antiviral activity against a SARSCoV-2 strain isolated from Egyptian patients and, interestingly, molecular docking studies have also shown that TQ could potentially inhibit COVID-19 development through binding to the receptor-binding domain on the spike and envelope proteins of SARS-CoV-2, which may hinder virus entry into the host cell and inhibit its ion channel and pore forming activity. Other studies have shown that TQ may have an inhibitory effect on SARS CoV2 proteases, which could diminish viral replication, and it has also demonstrated good antagonism to angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 receptors, allowing it to interfere with virus uptake into the host cell. Several studies have also noted its potential protective capability against numerous chronic diseases and conditions, including diabetes, hypertension, dyslipidemia, asthma, renal dysfunction and malignancy. TQ has recently been tested in clinical trials for the treatment of several different diseases, and this review thus aims to highlight the potential therapeutic effects of TQ in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Osama A Badary
- Clinical Pharmacy Practice Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, The British University in Egypt, Cairo, Egypt.,Clinical Pharmacy Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Marwa S Hamza
- Clinical Pharmacy Practice Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, The British University in Egypt, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Rajiv Tikamdas
- Clinical Pharmacy Practice Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, The British University in Egypt, Cairo, Egypt
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Amssayef A, Bouadid I, Eddouks M. Vitamin C Inhibits Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme-2 in Isolated Rat Aortic Ring. Cardiovasc Hematol Disord Drug Targets 2021; 21:235-242. [PMID: 34906063 DOI: 10.2174/1871529x21666211214153308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2021] [Revised: 11/29/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
AIMS The study aimed to assess the inhibitory effect of Vitamin C on angiotensin-converting enzyme 2. BACKGROUND Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a disease caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), which uses angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE-II) as the first route to infect human cells. Accordingly, agents with potential inhibition of ACE-II receptors might be effective in the prevention and management of COVID-19. OBJECTIVE The goal of this work was to assess the possible inhibitory effect of ACE-II on ascorbic acid using an ex vivo approach based on the inhibition of diminazene-induced vasorelaxation. MATERIALS AND METHODS In the present study, diminazene was used as a known specific inhibitor of ACE-II. Then, the vasorelaxant effect of ascorbic acid on diminazene-induced relaxation was examined using isolated aortic rings. All experiments of this study were evaluated on isolated aortic rings precontracted by epinephrine. RESULTS The results confirmed that diminazene-induced vasorelaxation in a dose-dependent manner. More interestingly, ascorbic acid inhibited diminazene-induced vasorelaxation in a dose-dependent manner. CONCLUSION This investigation provides valuable experimental proof of the efficacy of ascorbic acid (Vitamin C) on inhibiting ex vivo vascular angiotensin-converting enzyme II, which is known among the pharmacological targets of anti-COVID-19 drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayoub Amssayef
- Department of Biology, Team of Ethnopharmacology and Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Sciences and Techniques, Moulay Ismail University of Meknes, BP 509, Boutalamine, 52000 Errachidia, Morocco
| | - Ismail Bouadid
- Department of Biology, Team of Ethnopharmacology and Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Sciences and Techniques, Moulay Ismail University of Meknes, BP 509, Boutalamine, 52000 Errachidia, Morocco
| | - Mohamed Eddouks
- Department of Biology, Team of Ethnopharmacology and Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Sciences and Techniques, Moulay Ismail University of Meknes, BP 509, Boutalamine, 52000 Errachidia, Morocco
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