1
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Lee HL, Kim JM, Go MJ, Lee HS, Kim JH, Heo HJ. Fermented Protaetia brevitarsis Larvae Improves Neurotoxicity in Chronic Ethanol-Induced-Dementia Mice via Suppressing AKT and NF-κB Signaling Pathway. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:2629. [PMID: 38473876 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25052629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2024] [Revised: 02/21/2024] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
This study was investigated to examine the neuroprotective effect of fermented Protaetia brevitarsis larvae (FPB) in ethanol-induced-dementia mice. Consumption of FPB by mice resulted in improved memory dysfunction in the Y-maze, passive avoidance, and Morris water maze tests. FPB significantly decreased oxidative stress by regulating levels of malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and reduced glutathione (GSH) in brain tissues. In addition, FPB restored cerebral mitochondrial dysfunction by modulating levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS), mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), and ATP. In addition, FPB enhanced the cholinergic system via the regulation of acetylcholine (ACh) content, acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity, and expressions of AChE and choline acetyltransferase (ChAT) in brain tissues. FPB ameliorated neuronal apoptosis through modulation of the protein kinase B (AKT)/B-cell lymphoma (BCL)-2 signaling pathway. Also, FPB improved inflammation response by down-regulating the toll-like receptor (TLR)-4/nuclear factor (NF)-κB pathway. Additionally, FPB ameliorated synaptic plasticity via the increase of the expressions of synaptophysin (SYP), postsynaptic density protein (PSD)-95, and growth-associated protein (GAP)-43. Treatment with FPB also reinforced the blood-brain barrier by increasing tight junctions including zonula occludens (ZO)-1, occludin, and claudin-1. In conclusion, these results show that FPB can improve cognitive impairment via AKT/NF-κB pathways in ethanol-induced-dementia mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyo Lim Lee
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21), Institute of Agriculture and Life Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong Min Kim
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21), Institute of Agriculture and Life Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Ji Go
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21), Institute of Agriculture and Life Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea
| | - Han Su Lee
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21), Institute of Agriculture and Life Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea
| | - Ju Hui Kim
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21), Institute of Agriculture and Life Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea
| | - Ho Jin Heo
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21), Institute of Agriculture and Life Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea
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2
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Ciubuc-Batcu MT, Stapelberg NJC, Headrick JP, Renshaw GMC. A mitochondrial nexus in major depressive disorder: Integration with the psycho-immune-neuroendocrine network. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2024; 1870:166920. [PMID: 37913835 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2023.166920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Revised: 10/06/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/03/2023]
Abstract
Nervous system processes, including cognition and affective state, fundamentally rely on mitochondria. Impaired mitochondrial function is evident in major depressive disorder (MDD), reflecting cumulative detrimental influences of both extrinsic and intrinsic stressors, genetic predisposition, and mutation. Glucocorticoid 'stress' pathways converge on mitochondria; oxidative and nitrosative stresses in MDD are largely mitochondrial in origin; both initiate cascades promoting mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) damage with disruptions to mitochondrial biogenesis and tryptophan catabolism. Mitochondrial dysfunction facilitates proinflammatory dysbiosis while directly triggering immuno-inflammatory activation via released mtDNA, mitochondrial lipids and mitochondria associated membranes (MAMs), further disrupting mitochondrial function and mitochondrial quality control, promoting the accumulation of abnormal mitochondria (confirmed in autopsy studies). Established and putative mechanisms highlight a mitochondrial nexus within the psycho-immune neuroendocrine (PINE) network implicated in MDD. Whether lowering neuronal resilience and thresholds for disease, or linking mechanistic nodes within the MDD pathogenic network, impaired mitochondrial function emerges as an important risk, a functional biomarker, providing a therapeutic target in MDD. Several treatment modalities have been demonstrated to reset mitochondrial function, which could benefit those with MDD.
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Affiliation(s)
- M T Ciubuc-Batcu
- Griffith University School of Medicine and Dentistry, Australia; Gold Coast Health, Queensland, Australia
| | - N J C Stapelberg
- Bond University Faculty of Health Sciences and Medicine, Australia; Gold Coast Health, Queensland, Australia
| | - J P Headrick
- Griffith University School of Pharmacy and Medical Science, Australia
| | - G M C Renshaw
- Hypoxia and Ischemia Research Unit, Griffith University, School of Health Sciences and Social Work, Australia.
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3
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Sublette ME, Daray FM, Ganança L, Shaikh SR. The role of polyunsaturated fatty acids in the neurobiology of major depressive disorder and suicide risk. Mol Psychiatry 2024; 29:269-286. [PMID: 37993501 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-023-02322-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Revised: 10/19/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 11/24/2023]
Abstract
Long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC-PUFAs) are obtained from diet or derived from essential shorter-chain fatty acids, and are crucial for brain development and functioning. Fundamentally, LC-PUFAs' neurobiological effects derive from their physicochemical characteristics, including length and double bond configuration, which differentiate LC-PUFA species and give rise to functional differences between n(omega)-3 and n-6 LC-PUFAs. LC-PUFA imbalances are implicated in psychiatric disorders, including major depression and suicide risk. Dietary intake and genetic variants in enzymes involved in biosynthesis of LC-PUFAs from shorter chain fatty acids influence LC-PUFA status. Domains impacted by LC-PUFAs include 1) cell signaling, 2) inflammation, and 3) bioenergetics. 1) As major constituents of lipid bilayers, LC-PUFAs are determinants of cell membrane properties of viscosity and order, affecting lipid rafts, which play a role in regulation of membrane-bound proteins involved in cell-cell signaling, including monoaminergic receptors and transporters. 2) The n-3:n-6 LC-PUFA balance profoundly influences inflammation. Generally, metabolic products of n-6 LC-PUFAs (eicosanoids) are pro-inflammatory, while those of n-3 LC-PUFAs (docosanoids) participate in the resolution of inflammation. Additionally, n-3 LC-PUFAs suppress microglial activation and the ensuing proinflammatory cascade. 3) N-3 LC-PUFAs in the inner mitochondrial membrane affect oxidative stress, suppressing production of and scavenging reactive oxygen species (ROS), with neuroprotective benefits. Until now, this wealth of knowledge about LC-PUFA biomechanisms has not been adequately tapped to develop translational studies of LC-PUFA clinical effects in humans. Future studies integrating neurobiological mechanisms with clinical outcomes may suggest ways to identify depressed individuals most likely to respond to n-3 LC-PUFA supplementation, and mechanistic research may generate new treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Elizabeth Sublette
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA.
- Molecular Imaging & Neuropathology Area, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Federico Manuel Daray
- University of Buenos Aires, School of Medicine, Institute of Pharmacology, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- National Scientific and Technical Research Council, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Licínia Ganança
- Clínica Universitária de Psiquiatria e Psicologia Médica, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
- Departamento de Psiquiatria e Saúde Mental, Centro Hospitalar Universitário Lisboa Norte, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Saame Raza Shaikh
- Nutritional Obesity Research Center, Department of Nutrition, Gillings School of Global Public Health and School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
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4
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Li X, Han G, Zhao J, Huang X, Feng Y, Huang J, Lan X, Huang X, Wang Z, Shen J, He S, Li Q, Song J, Wang J, Meng L. Intestinal flora induces depression by mediating the dysregulation of cerebral cortex gene expression and regulating the metabolism of stroke patients. Front Mol Biosci 2022; 9:865788. [PMID: 36533076 PMCID: PMC9748625 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2022.865788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 10/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Post-stroke depression (PSD) is a common cerebrovascular complication characterized by complex pathogenesis and poor treatment effects. Here, we tested the influence of differentially expressed genes (DEGs), non-targeted metabolites, and intestinal microbes on the occurrence and development of PSD. We acquired gene expression profiles for stroke patients, depression patients, and healthy controls from the Gene Expression Omnibus database. After screening for DEGs using differential expression analysis, we identified common DEGs in stroke and depression patients that were considered to form the molecular basis of PSD. Functional enrichment analysis of DEGs also revealed that the majority of biological functions were closely related to metabolism, immunity, the nervous system, and microorganisms, and we also collected blood and stool samples from healthy controls, stroke patients, and PSD patients and performed 16S rDNA sequencing and untargeted metabolomics. After evaluating the quality of the sequencing data, we compared the diversity of the metabolites and intestinal flora within and between groups. Metabolic pathway enrichment analysis was used to identify metabolic pathways that were significantly involved in stroke and PSD, and a global metabolic network was constructed to explore the pathogenesis of PSD. Additionally, we constructed a global regulatory network based on 16S rDNA sequencing, non-targeted metabolomics, and transcriptomics to explore the pathogenesis of PSD through correlation analysis. Our results suggest that intestinal flora associates the dysregulation of cerebral cortex gene expression and could potentially promote the occurrence of depression by affecting the metabolism of stroke patients. Our findings may be helpful in identifying new targets for the prevention and treatment of PSD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuebin Li
- Center for Systemic Inflammation Research (CSIR), School of Preclinical Medicine, Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise, Guangxi, China
- Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Hospital of Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise, Guangxi, China
| | - Guangshun Han
- Department of Neurology, Liuzhou People’s Hospital, Liuzhou, Guangxi, China
| | - Jingjie Zhao
- Life Science and Clinical Research Center, The Affiliated Hospital of Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise, Guangxi, China
| | - Xiaohua Huang
- Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Hospital of Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise, Guangxi, China
| | - Yun Feng
- Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Hospital of Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise, Guangxi, China
| | - Junfang Huang
- Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Hospital of Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise, Guangxi, China
| | - Xuequn Lan
- Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Hospital of Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise, Guangxi, China
| | - Xiaorui Huang
- Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Hospital of Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise, Guangxi, China
| | - Zechen Wang
- Center for Systemic Inflammation Research (CSIR), School of Preclinical Medicine, Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise, Guangxi, China
| | - Jiajia Shen
- Center for Systemic Inflammation Research (CSIR), School of Preclinical Medicine, Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise, Guangxi, China
| | - Siyuan He
- Center for Systemic Inflammation Research (CSIR), School of Preclinical Medicine, Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise, Guangxi, China
| | - Qiuhao Li
- Center for Systemic Inflammation Research (CSIR), School of Preclinical Medicine, Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise, Guangxi, China
| | - Jian Song
- Center for Systemic Inflammation Research (CSIR), School of Preclinical Medicine, Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise, Guangxi, China
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, Guangxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Jie Wang
- Center for Systemic Inflammation Research (CSIR), School of Preclinical Medicine, Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise, Guangxi, China
- Department of Renal Diseases, The Affiliated Hospital of Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise, Guangxi, China
| | - Lingzhang Meng
- Center for Systemic Inflammation Research (CSIR), School of Preclinical Medicine, Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise, Guangxi, China
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, Guangxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Nanning, Guangxi, China
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5
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Wang X, Zhu L, Wei Z, Gu M, Yang M, Zhou X, Bai C, Su G, Liu X, Yang L, Li G. N-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid Dehydrogenase Fat-1 Regulates Mitochondrial Energy Metabolism by Altering DNA Methylation in Isolated Cells of Transgenic Cattle. Front Mol Biosci 2022; 9:857491. [PMID: 35517863 PMCID: PMC9061993 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2022.857491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2022] [Accepted: 03/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The fatty acid dehydrogenase fat-1 gene, derived from Caenorhabditis elegans, encodes n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid dehydrogenase (Δ15 desaturase) and catalyzes the 18–20-carbon n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-6 PUFA) to generate corresponding n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFA). Subsequently, fat-1 can influence the n-6: n-3 PUFA ratio in fat-1 transgenic cells. This study aimed to explore which processes of energy metabolism are affected exogenous fat-1 transgene and the relationship between these effects and DNA methylation. Compared with the wild-type group, the n-3 PUFA content in fat-1 transgenic bovine fetal fibroblasts was significantly increased, and the n-6 PUFA content and the n-6: n-3 PUFA ratio decreased. In the context of energy metabolism, the increase of exogenous fat-1 transgene decreased ATP synthesis by 39% and reduced the activity and expression of key rate-limiting enzymes in glycolysis, the tricarboxylic acid cycle, and oxidative phosphorylation, thus weakening the cells’ capacity for ATP production. DNA methylation sequencing indicated that this inhibition of gene expression may be due to altered DNA methylation that regulates cell energy metabolism. Exogenous fat-1 transgenic cells showed changes in the degree of methylation in the promoter region of genes related to energy metabolism rate-limiting enzymes. We suggest that alters the balance of n-6/n-3 PUFA could regulate altered DNA methylation that affect mitochondrial energy metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueqiao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation and Breeding of Grassland Livestock, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, China.,School of Life Science, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, China
| | - Lin Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation and Breeding of Grassland Livestock, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, China.,School of Life Science, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, China
| | - Zhuying Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation and Breeding of Grassland Livestock, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, China.,School of Life Science, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, China
| | - Mingjuan Gu
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation and Breeding of Grassland Livestock, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, China.,School of Life Science, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, China
| | - Miaomiao Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation and Breeding of Grassland Livestock, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, China.,School of Life Science, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, China
| | - Xinyu Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation and Breeding of Grassland Livestock, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, China.,School of Life Science, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, China
| | - Chunling Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation and Breeding of Grassland Livestock, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, China.,School of Life Science, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, China
| | - Guanghua Su
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation and Breeding of Grassland Livestock, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, China.,School of Life Science, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, China
| | - Xuefei Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation and Breeding of Grassland Livestock, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, China.,School of Life Science, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, China
| | - Lei Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation and Breeding of Grassland Livestock, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, China.,School of Life Science, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, China
| | - Guangpeng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation and Breeding of Grassland Livestock, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, China.,School of Life Science, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, China
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6
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de Oliveira J, Farias HR, Streck EL. Experimental evidence of tyrosine neurotoxicity: focus on mitochondrial dysfunction. Metab Brain Dis 2021; 36:1673-1685. [PMID: 34212298 DOI: 10.1007/s11011-021-00781-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Tissue exposure to high levels of tyrosine, which is characteristic of an inborn error of metabolism named Tyrosinemia, is related to severe symptoms, including neurological alterations. The clinical manifestations and pathogenesis of tyrosine neurotoxicity can be recapitulated in experimental models in vivo and in vitro. A widely used experimental model to study brain tyrosine damage is the chronic and acute administration of this amino acid in infant rats. Other research groups and we have extensively studied the pathogenic events in the brain structures of rats exposed to high tyrosine levels. Rats administered acutely and chronically with tyrosine presented decreased and inhibition of the essential metabolism enzymes, e.g., Krebs cycle enzymes and mitochondrial respiratory complexes in the brain structures. These alterations induced by tyrosine toxicity were associated with brain oxidative stress, astrocytes, and, ultimately, cognitive impairments. Notably, in vivo data were corroborated by in vitro studies using cerebral regions homogenates incubated with tyrosine excess. Considering metabolism's importance to brain functioning, we hypothesized that mitochondrial and metabolic dysfunctions are closely related to neurological alterations induced by tyrosine neurotoxicity. Herein, we reviewed the main mechanisms associated with tyrosine neurotoxicity in experimental models, emphasizing the role of mitochondrial dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jade de Oliveira
- Graduate Program in Biological Sciences: Biochemistry, Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Basic Health Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, 90035-000, Brazil
| | - Hémelin Resende Farias
- Graduate Program in Biological Sciences: Biochemistry, Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Basic Health Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, 90035-000, Brazil
| | - Emilio Luiz Streck
- Graduate Program in Health Sciences, University of Southern Santa Catarina, Criciúma, 88806-000, Brazil.
- Laboratório de Doenças Neurometabólicas, Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense, Criciúma, Brazil.
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7
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Morgese MG, Schiavone S, Bove M, Colia AL, Dimonte S, Tucci P, Trabace L. N-3 PUFA Prevent Oxidative Stress in a Rat Model of Beta-Amyloid-Induced Toxicity. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2021; 14:ph14040339. [PMID: 33917814 PMCID: PMC8068120 DOI: 10.3390/ph14040339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2021] [Revised: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 04/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) are involved in brain disorders associated to amyloid beta (Aβ) toxicity for which oxidative stress, neurochemical dysfunctions, and neuroinflammation are underlying mechanisms. Here, mechanisms through which lifelong exposure to n-3 PUFA-enriched or n-6/n-3 balanced diets could elicit a protective role in a rat model of Aβ-induced toxicity were investigated. To this aim, we quantified hippocampal reactive oxygen species (ROS) amount, 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine and interleukin-10 levels, NADPH oxidase (NOX) 1, NOX2, superoxide dismutase 1, and glutathione contents, as well as plasmatic malondialdehyde. Moreover, in the same experimental groups, we assessed tryptophan, serotonin, and its turnover, kynurenine, and noradrenaline amounts. Results showed increased hippocampal ROS and NOX2 levels, serotonin turnover, kynurenine, and noradrenaline contents in Aβ-treated rats. Both n-6/n-3 balanced and n-3 PUFA enriched diets reduced ROS production, NOX1 and malondialdehyde levels, serotonin turnover, and kynurenine amount in Aβ-injected rats, while increasing NOX2, superoxide dismutase 1, and serotonin contents. No differences in plasmatic coenzyme Q10, reduced glutathione (GSH) and tryptophan levels were detected among different experimental groups, whereas GSH + oxidized glutathione (GSSG) levels were increased in sham animals fed with n-3 PUFA enriched diet and in Aβ-treated rats exposed to both n-6/n-3 balanced and n-3 enriched diets. In addition, Aβ-induced decrease of interleukin-10 levels was prevented by n-6/n-3 PUFA balanced diet. N-3 PUFA enriched diet further increased interleukin-10 and 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine levels. In conclusion, our data highlight the possible neuroprotective role of n-3 PUFA in perturbation of oxidative equilibrium induced by Aβ-administration.
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8
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Freddo N, Soares SM, Fortuna M, Pompermaier A, Varela ACC, Maffi VC, Mozzato MT, de Alcantara Barcellos HH, Koakoski G, Barcellos LJG, Rossato-Grando LG. Stimulants cocktail: Methylphenidate plus caffeine impairs memory and cognition and alters mitochondrial and oxidative status. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2021; 106:110069. [PMID: 32800866 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2020.110069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2020] [Revised: 08/05/2020] [Accepted: 08/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Methylphenidate (MPH) is a psychostimulant widely misused to increase wakefulness by drivers and students. Also, MPH can be found in dietary supplements in a clandestine manner aiming to burst performance of physical exercise practitioners. The abusive use of high doses of caffeine (CAF) in these contexts is equally already known. Here, we demonstrate the behavioral, oxidative and mitochondrial effects after acute exposure to high doses of MPH (80 mg/L) and CAF (150 mg/L), alone or associated (80 mg/L + 150 mg/L, respectively). We used zebrafish as animal model due to its high translational relevance. We evaluated the behavioral effects using the Novel Tank Test (NTT), Social Preference Test (SPT) and Y-maze Task and analyzed biomarkers of oxidative stress and activity of mitochondrial respiratory chain complexes. MPH alone induced antisocial behavior. MPH inhibited lipid peroxidation. The association of MPH + CAF presented memory impairment and anxiogenic behavior. In oxidative status, it inhibited lipid peroxidation, increased protein carbonylation and mitochondrial complex II, III and IV activity. Our results demonstrate that MPH and CAF alone negatively impact the typical behavioral of zebrafish. When associated, changes in cognition, memory, oxidative and mitochondrial status are more relevant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natália Freddo
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Bioexperimentação, Universidade de Passo Fundo, Passo Fundo, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Suelen Mendonça Soares
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Farmacologia, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Milena Fortuna
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Farmacologia, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Aline Pompermaier
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Bioexperimentação, Universidade de Passo Fundo, Passo Fundo, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | | | - Victoria Costa Maffi
- Curso de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade de Passo Fundo, Passo Fundo, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Mateus Timbola Mozzato
- Curso de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade de Passo Fundo, Passo Fundo, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Heloísa Helena de Alcantara Barcellos
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Farmacologia, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil; Curso de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade de Passo Fundo, Passo Fundo, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Gessi Koakoski
- Curso de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade de Passo Fundo, Passo Fundo, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Leonardo José Gil Barcellos
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Bioexperimentação, Universidade de Passo Fundo, Passo Fundo, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Farmacologia, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil; Curso de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade de Passo Fundo, Passo Fundo, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
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9
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Hayakawa Y. N-acetyltyrosine-induced redox signaling in hormesis. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2021; 1868:118990. [PMID: 33617888 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2021.118990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2020] [Revised: 02/15/2021] [Accepted: 02/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A suite of adaptations allows insects to survive in hostile terrestrial environments for long periods of time. Temperature represents a key environmental factor for most ectothermic insects, and they rapidly acclimate to high and low temperatures. Vast amounts of data in this research field support the idea that an insect's ability to tolerate fluctuating temperatures can be regarded as a biphasic hormetic dose response. Observation indicates that their thermal hormetic response represents a conservative estimate of their intrinsic capacity for rapid adaptation to environmental changes in nature because they naturally experience diel or seasonal temperature fluctuations. It is therefore reasonable to suppose that the hormetic response in insects reflects a surplus physiological capacity to deal with temperature changes that they would experience naturally. Although it has been unknown how thermal acclimation is induced, a stress-dependent increase in N-acetyltyrosine (NAT) was recently found to occur in insect larvae who had endured high temperatures. NAT treatment was demonstrated to induce thermotolerance in several tested insect species. NAT was also identified in the serum of humans as well as mice, and its concentration in mice was shown to be increased by heat and restraint stress, with NAT pretreatment lowering the concentrations of corticosterone and peroxidized lipids in stressed mice. These recent findings may give us some hints about how long a hormetic response lasts. Here, I will discuss recent findings underlying hormetic responses induced by an intrinsic factor, NAT, and how the hormetic response may begin and end.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoichi Hayakawa
- Department of Applied Biological Sciences, Saga University, Saga 840-8502, Japan.
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10
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Antonini R, Scaini G, Michels M, Matias MBD, Schuck PF, Ferreira GC, de Oliveira J, Dal-Pizzol F, Streck EL. Effects of omega-3 fatty acids supplementation on inflammatory parameters after chronic administration of L-tyrosine. Metab Brain Dis 2020; 35:295-303. [PMID: 31828693 DOI: 10.1007/s11011-019-00525-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2019] [Accepted: 12/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Tyrosinemia type II is an autosomal recessive inborn error of metabolism caused by hepatic cytosolic tyrosine aminotransferase deficiency. Importantly, this disease is associated with neurological and developmental abnormalities in many patients. Considering that the mechanisms underlying neurological dysfunction in hypertyrosinemic patients are poorly understood, in the present work we investigated the levels of cytokines - tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), IL-6 and IL-10 - in cerebellum, hippocampus, striatum of young rats exposed to chronic administration of L-tyrosine. In addition, we also investigated the impact of the supplementation with Omega-3 fatty acids (n-3 PUFA) on the rodent model of Tyrosinemia. Notably, previous study demonstrated an association between L-tyrosine toxicity and n-3 PUFA deficiency. Our results showed a significant increase in the levels of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines in brain structures when animals were administered with L-tyrosine. Cerebral cortex and striatum seem to be more susceptible to the inflammation induced by tyrosine toxicity. Importantly, n-3 PUFA supplementation attenuated the alterations on cytokines levels induced by tyrosine exposure in brain regions of infant rats. In conclusion, the brain inflammation is also an important process related to tyrosine neurotoxicity observed in the experimental model of Tyrosinemia. Finally, n-3 PUFA supplementation could be considered as a potential neuroprotective adjunctive therapy for Tyrosinemias, especially type II.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafaela Antonini
- Laboratório de Neurologia Experimental, Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense, Av. Universitária, 1105, Criciúma, SC, 88806-000, Brazil
- Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia Translacional em Medicina, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
- Center of Excellence in Applied Neuroscience of Santa Catarina (NENASC), Criciúma, Brazil
| | - Giselli Scaini
- Laboratório de Neurologia Experimental, Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense, Av. Universitária, 1105, Criciúma, SC, 88806-000, Brazil
- Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia Translacional em Medicina, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
- Center of Excellence in Applied Neuroscience of Santa Catarina (NENASC), Criciúma, Brazil
| | - Monique Michels
- Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia Translacional em Medicina, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
- Laboratório de Fisiopatologia Experimental, Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense, Criciúma, SC, Brazil
| | - Mariane B D Matias
- Laboratório de Neurologia Experimental, Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense, Av. Universitária, 1105, Criciúma, SC, 88806-000, Brazil
| | - Patrícia F Schuck
- Laboratório de Neurologia Experimental, Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense, Av. Universitária, 1105, Criciúma, SC, 88806-000, Brazil
| | - Gustavo C Ferreira
- Laboratório de Neuroquímica, Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Jade de Oliveira
- Laboratório de Neurologia Experimental, Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense, Av. Universitária, 1105, Criciúma, SC, 88806-000, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica, Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Felipe Dal-Pizzol
- Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia Translacional em Medicina, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
- Laboratório de Fisiopatologia Experimental, Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense, Criciúma, SC, Brazil
| | - Emilio L Streck
- Laboratório de Neurologia Experimental, Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense, Av. Universitária, 1105, Criciúma, SC, 88806-000, Brazil.
- Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia Translacional em Medicina, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
- Center of Excellence in Applied Neuroscience of Santa Catarina (NENASC), Criciúma, Brazil.
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Carvalho-Silva M, Gomes LM, de Prá SDT, Wessler LB, Schuck PF, Scaini G, de Bem AF, Blum-Silva CH, Reginatto FH, de Oliveira J, Streck EL. Evidence of hippocampal astrogliosis and antioxidant imbalance after L-tyrosine chronic administration in rats. Metab Brain Dis 2020; 35:193-200. [PMID: 31705440 DOI: 10.1007/s11011-019-00511-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2019] [Accepted: 10/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Tyrosinemia type II is a genetic disorder characterized by elevated blood levels of the amino acid tyrosine caused by the deficiency of tyrosine aminotransferase enzyme, resulting in neurologic and developmental difficulties in the patients. Although neurological sequelae are common in Tyrosinemia type II patients, the mechanisms involved are still poorly understood. The oxidative stress appears to be, at least in part, responsible for neurological complication in this inborn error metabolism. We observed that an acute injection of tyrosine in rats caused a massive oxidative stress in different brain structures. The glutathione system and superoxide dismutase enzyme are relevant antioxidant strategies of the cells and tissues, including in the brain. Other important point is the strong relation between oxidative damage and inflammatory events. Herein, we investigated the effects of chronic administration of tyrosine in the hippocampus of young rats, with emphasis in the activity of GSH related enzymes and superoxide dismutase enzyme, and the astrocytosis. We observed that rats exposed to high levels of tyrosine presented an increased content of tyrosine, which was associated with an increment in the activity of glutathione peroxidase and glutathione reductase as well as with a diminished activity of superoxide dismutase. This antioxidant imbalance was accompanied by enhanced glial fibrillary acidic protein immunoreactivity, a marker of astrocytes, in the brain area studied. In conclusion, hippocampus astrogliosis is also a characteristic of brain alteration in Tyrosinemia. In addition, the chronic exposition to high levels of tyrosine is associated with an alteration in the activity of fundamental antioxidant enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milena Carvalho-Silva
- Laboratório de Neurologia Experimental, Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense (UNESC), Av. Universitária, 1105, Criciúma, SC, 88806-000, Brazil
| | - Lara M Gomes
- Laboratório de Neurologia Experimental, Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense (UNESC), Av. Universitária, 1105, Criciúma, SC, 88806-000, Brazil
| | - Samira Dal-Toé de Prá
- Laboratório de Neurologia Experimental, Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense (UNESC), Av. Universitária, 1105, Criciúma, SC, 88806-000, Brazil
| | - Leticia B Wessler
- Laboratório de Neurologia Experimental, Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense (UNESC), Av. Universitária, 1105, Criciúma, SC, 88806-000, Brazil
| | - Patricia F Schuck
- Laboratório de Neurologia Experimental, Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense (UNESC), Av. Universitária, 1105, Criciúma, SC, 88806-000, Brazil
| | - Giselli Scaini
- Laboratório de Neurologia Experimental, Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense (UNESC), Av. Universitária, 1105, Criciúma, SC, 88806-000, Brazil
- Translational Psychiatry Program, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth), Houston, TX, USA
| | - Andreza Fabro de Bem
- Departamento de Ciências Fisiológicas, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, Brazil
| | - Carlos H Blum-Silva
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Farmácia, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, 88040-900, Brazil
| | - Flávio H Reginatto
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Farmácia, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, 88040-900, Brazil
| | - Jade de Oliveira
- Laboratório de Neurologia Experimental, Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense (UNESC), Av. Universitária, 1105, Criciúma, SC, 88806-000, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica, Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, 90035-000, Brazil
| | - Emilio L Streck
- Laboratório de Neurologia Experimental, Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense (UNESC), Av. Universitária, 1105, Criciúma, SC, 88806-000, Brazil.
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