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Afshari N, Al-Gazally ME, Rasulova I, Jalil AT, Matinfar S, Momeninejad M. Sensitive bioanalytical methods for telomerase activity detection: a cancer biomarker. ANALYTICAL METHODS : ADVANCING METHODS AND APPLICATIONS 2022; 14:4174-4184. [PMID: 36254582 DOI: 10.1039/d2ay01315k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Telomerase is an enzyme that protects the length of telomeres by adding guanine-rich repetitive sequences. In tumors, gametes, and stem cells, telomerase activity is exerted. Telomerase activity can be a cancer biomarker for therapeutic and diagnosis approaches. So, a number of studies concentrating on the discovery of telomerase activity were reported. Bioanalytical devices, in comparison with other tests, have numerous advantages including low expense, simplicity, and excellent sensitivity and specificity. In this article we reviewed recent studies on the subject of various bioanalytical methods based on different nanomaterials. Optical, electrochemical, and quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) are prominent analytical techniques that are mentioned in this paper.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nasim Afshari
- Department of Microbiology, Islamic Azad University Science & Research Branch, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Iroda Rasulova
- "Kasmed" Private Medical Centre, Tashkent, Uzbekistan
- School of Medicine, Akfa University, Tashkent, Uzbekistan
| | - Abduladheem Turki Jalil
- Medical Laboratories Techniques Department, Al-Mustaqbal University College, Babylon, Hilla, 51001, Iraq
| | - Solmaz Matinfar
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mohsen Momeninejad
- Department of Social Medicine, Yasuj University of Medical Sciences, Yasuj, Iran.
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2
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Alsagaby SA. Transcriptomics-Based Investigation of Molecular Mechanisms Underlying Apoptosis Induced by ZnO Nanoparticles in Human Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma. Int J Nanomedicine 2022; 17:2261-2281. [PMID: 35611214 PMCID: PMC9124502 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s355408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2021] [Accepted: 04/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) show anti-cancer activity. Diffuse Large B-cell Lymphoma (DLBCL) is a type of B-cell malignancies with unsatisfying treatment outcomes. This study was set to assess the potential of ZnO NPs to selectively induce apoptosis in human DLBCL cells (OCI-LY3), and to describe possible molecular mechanisms of action. Methods The impact of ZnO NPs on DLBCL cells and normal peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) was studied using cytotoxicity assay and flow-cytometry. Transcriptomics analysis was conducted to identify ZnO NPs-dependent changes in the transcriptomic profiles of DLBCL cells. Results ZnO NPs selectively induced apoptosis in DLBCL cells, and caused changes in their transcriptomes. Deferential gene expression (DGE) with fold change (FC) ≥3 and p ≤ 0.008 with corrected p ≤ 0.05 was identified for 528 genes; 125 genes were over-expressed and 403 genes were under-expressed in ZnO NPs-treated DLBCL cells. The over-expressed genes involved in biological processes and pathways like stress response to metal ion, cellular response to zinc ion, metallothioneins bind metals, oxidative stress, and negative regulation of growth. In contrast, the under-expressed genes were implicated in DNA packaging complex, signaling by NOTCH, negative regulation of gene expression by epigenetic, signaling by WNT, M phase of cell cycle, and telomere maintenance. Setting the FC to ≥1.5 with p ≤ 0.05 and corrected p ≤ 0.1 showed ZnO NPs to induce over-expression of anti-oxidant genes and under-expression of oncogenes; target B-cell receptor (BCR) signaling pathway and NF-κB pathway; and promote apoptosis by intrinsic and extrinsic pathways. Discussion Overall, ZnO NPs selectively induced apoptosis in DLBCL cells, and possible molecular mechanisms of action were described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suliman A Alsagaby
- Department of Medical Laboratories Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Majmaah University, AL-Majmaah, 11932, Saudi Arabia
- Correspondence: Suliman A Alsagaby, Email
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3
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Betulinic acid exerts antitumor effects on acute promyelocytic leukemia cells possibly via hTERT downregulation. GENE REPORTS 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.genrep.2021.101435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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4
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Culletta G, Allegra M, Almerico AM, Restivo I, Tutone M. In Silico Design, Synthesis, and Biological Evaluation of Anticancer Arylsulfonamide Endowed with Anti-Telomerase Activity. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 15:ph15010082. [PMID: 35056139 PMCID: PMC8778141 DOI: 10.3390/ph15010082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2021] [Revised: 12/29/2021] [Accepted: 01/05/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Telomerase, a reverse transcriptase enzyme involved in DNA synthesis, has a tangible role in tumor progression. Several studies have evidenced telomerase as a promising target for developing cancer therapeutics. The main reason is due to the overexpression of telomerase in cancer cells (85–90%) compared with normal cells where it is almost unexpressed. In this paper, we used a structure-based approach to design potential inhibitors of the telomerase active site. The MYSHAPE (Molecular dYnamics SHared PharmacophorE) approach and docking were used to screen an in-house library of 126 arylsulfonamide derivatives. Promising compounds were synthesized using classical and green methods. Compound 2C revealed an interesting IC50 (33 ± 4 µM) against the K-562 cell line compared with the known telomerase inhibitor BIBR1532 IC50 (208 ± 11 µM) with an SI ~10 compared to the BALB/3-T3 cell line. A 100 ns MD simulation of 2C in the telomerase active site evidenced Phe494 as the key residue as well as in BIBR1532. Each moiety of compound 2C was involved in key interactions with some residues of the active site: Arg557, Ile550, and Gly553. Compound 2C, as an arylsulfonamide derivative, is an interesting hit compound that deserves further investigation in terms of optimization of its structure to obtain more active telomerase inhibitors
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Culletta
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Biologiche, Farmaceutiche e Ambientali, Università di Messina, 98166 Messina, Italy;
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche Chimiche e Farmaceutiche, Università degli Studi di Palermo, 90123 Palermo, Italy; (M.A.); (A.M.A.); (I.R.)
| | - Mario Allegra
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche Chimiche e Farmaceutiche, Università degli Studi di Palermo, 90123 Palermo, Italy; (M.A.); (A.M.A.); (I.R.)
| | - Anna Maria Almerico
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche Chimiche e Farmaceutiche, Università degli Studi di Palermo, 90123 Palermo, Italy; (M.A.); (A.M.A.); (I.R.)
| | - Ignazio Restivo
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche Chimiche e Farmaceutiche, Università degli Studi di Palermo, 90123 Palermo, Italy; (M.A.); (A.M.A.); (I.R.)
| | - Marco Tutone
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche Chimiche e Farmaceutiche, Università degli Studi di Palermo, 90123 Palermo, Italy; (M.A.); (A.M.A.); (I.R.)
- Correspondence:
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5
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Niklander SE, Lambert DW, Hunter KD. Senescent Cells in Cancer: Wanted or Unwanted Citizens. Cells 2021; 10:cells10123315. [PMID: 34943822 PMCID: PMC8699088 DOI: 10.3390/cells10123315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2021] [Revised: 11/02/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Over recent decades, the field of cellular senescence has attracted considerable attention due to its association with aging, the development of age-related diseases and cancer. Senescent cells are unable to proliferate, as the pathways responsible for initiating the cell cycle are irreversibly inhibited. Nevertheless, senescent cells accumulate in tissues and develop a pro-inflammatory secretome, known as the senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP), which can have serious deleterious effects if not properly regulated. There is increasing evidence suggesting senescent cells contribute to different stages of carcinogenesis in different anatomical sites, mainly due to the paracrine effects of the SASP. Thus, a new therapeutic field, known as senotherapeutics, has developed. In this review, we aim to discuss the molecular mechanisms underlying the senescence response and its relationship with cancer development, focusing on the link between senescence-related inflammation and cancer. We will also discuss different approaches to target senescent cells that might be of use for cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sven E. Niklander
- Unidad de Patologia y Medicina Oral, Facultad de Odontologia, Universidad Andres Bello, Viña del Mar 2520000, Chile
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +56-(32)2845108
| | - Daniel W. Lambert
- Unit of Oral and Maxillofacial Medicine and Pathology, School of Clinical Dentistry, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2TA, UK; (D.W.L.); (K.D.H.)
- Healthy Lifespan Institute, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2TN, UK
| | - Keith D. Hunter
- Unit of Oral and Maxillofacial Medicine and Pathology, School of Clinical Dentistry, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2TA, UK; (D.W.L.); (K.D.H.)
- Oral Biology and Pathology, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0028, South Africa
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6
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Palma E, Carvalho J, Cruz C, Paulo A. Metal-Based G-Quadruplex Binders for Cancer Theranostics. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2021; 14:605. [PMID: 34201682 PMCID: PMC8308583 DOI: 10.3390/ph14070605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2021] [Revised: 06/21/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The ability of fluorescent small molecules, such as metal complexes, to selectively recognize G-quadruplex (G4) structures has opened a route to develop new probes for the visualization of these DNA structures in cells. The main goal of this review is to update the most recent research efforts towards the development of novel cancer theranostic agents using this type of metal-based probes that specifically recognize G4 structures. This encompassed a comprehensive overview of the most significant progress in the field, namely based on complexes with Cu, Pt, and Ru that are among the most studied metals to obtain this class of molecules. It is also discussed the potential interest of obtaining G4-binders with medical radiometals (e.g., 99mTc, 111In, 64Cu, 195mPt) suitable for diagnostic and/or therapeutic applications within nuclear medicine modalities, in order to enable their theranostic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Palma
- C2TN-Centro de Ciências e Tecnologias Nucleares, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Estrada Nacional 10, 2695-066 Bobadela LRS, Portugal;
| | - Josué Carvalho
- CICS-UBI-Centro de Investigação em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade da Beira Interior, Av. Infante D. Henrique, 6200-506 Covilhã, Portugal; (J.C.); (C.C.)
| | - Carla Cruz
- CICS-UBI-Centro de Investigação em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade da Beira Interior, Av. Infante D. Henrique, 6200-506 Covilhã, Portugal; (J.C.); (C.C.)
| | - António Paulo
- C2TN-Centro de Ciências e Tecnologias Nucleares, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Estrada Nacional 10, 2695-066 Bobadela LRS, Portugal;
- DECN-Departamento de Engenharia e Ciências Nucleares, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Estrada Nacional 10, 2695-066 Bobadela LRS, Portugal
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Shahjahani M, Abroun A, Saki N, Bagher Mohammadi SM, Rezaeeyan H. STAT5: From Pathogenesis Mechanism to Therapeutic Approach in Acute Leukemia. Lab Med 2021; 51:345-351. [PMID: 31860086 DOI: 10.1093/labmed/lmz074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Based on the results of multiple studies, multiple signaling pathways is a major cause of resistence to chemotherapy in leukemia cells. Signal transducer and activator of transcription 5 (STAT5) is among these factors; it plays an essential role in proliferation of leukemic cells. METHODS We obtained the materials used in our study via PubMed search from 1996 through 2019. The key search terms included "STAT5," "acute leukemia," "leukemogenesis," and "mutation." RESULTS On activation, STAT5 not only inhibits apoptosis of leukemic cells via activating the B-cell lymphoma 2 (BCL-2) gene but also inhibits resistance to chemotherapy by enhancing human telomerase reverse transcriptase (hTERT) expression and maintaining telomere length in cells. It has also been shown that a number of mutations in the STAT5 gene and in related genes alter the expression of STAT5. CONCLUSION The identification of STAT5 and the factors activated in its up- or downstream expression, affecting its function, contribute to better treatments such as targeted therapy rather than chemotherapy, improving the quality of life patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Shahjahani
- Thalassemia and Hemoglobinopathy Research Center, Research Institute of Health, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Amirreza Abroun
- Royan Stem Cell Technology Company, Royan Institute Tehran, Iran
| | - Najmaldin Saki
- Thalassemia and Hemoglobinopathy Research Center, Research Institute of Health, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | | | - Hadi Rezaeeyan
- Thalassemia and Hemoglobinopathy Research Center, Research Institute of Health, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
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8
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Bilateral telomerase-associated impacts of Spirulina platensis extracts: Activation versus inhibition. Eur J Integr Med 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eujim.2021.101303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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9
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Emerging Molecular Connections between NM23 Proteins, Telomeres and Telomere-Associated Factors: Implications in Cancer Metastasis and Ageing. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22073457. [PMID: 33801585 PMCID: PMC8036570 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22073457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2021] [Revised: 02/15/2021] [Accepted: 02/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The metastasis suppressor function of NM23 proteins is widely understood. Multiple enzymatic activities of NM23 proteins have also been identified. However, relatively less known interesting aspects are being revealed from recent developments that corroborate the telomeric interactions of NM23 proteins. Telomeres are known to regulate essential physiological events such as metastasis, ageing, and cellular differentiation via inter-connected signalling pathways. Here, we review the literature on the association of NM23 proteins with telomeres or telomere-related factors, and discuss the potential implications of emerging telomeric functions of NM23 proteins. Further understanding of these aspects might be instrumental in better understanding the metastasis suppressor functions of NM23 proteins.
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Akbarizare M, Ofoghi H, Hadizadeh M. Dual effect of Sapogenins extracted from Spirulina platensis on telomerase activity in two different cell lines. MOLECULAR BIOLOGY RESEARCH COMMUNICATIONS 2021; 10:1-4. [PMID: 33681391 PMCID: PMC7936387 DOI: 10.22099/mbrc.2020.38230.1537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Spirulina platensis is a photosynthetic filamentous, edible cyanobacterium that is known as a superfood. In this study, sapogenins were extracted from the spirulina and the effects of these compounds on telomerase activity were evaluated in MCF7 and HDF cell lines using Telomeric Repeat Amplification Protocol and ELIZA assay. The highest increase in telomerase activity was observed at 0.004 mg/ml of sapogenin by 26% ±20.5 in MCF7 cells, while in HDF cells in the same concentration telomerase activity decreased down to 47%±0.48 and the highest inhibition of telomerase activity was observed at 0.070 mg/ml of sapogenins from Spirulina by 68%±0.43. In conclusion, a compound could play a role as a telomerase activator in one cell line while it could play another role as a telomerase inhibitor in another cell line so introducing compounds as a telomerase inhibitor (anticancer) or as a telomerase activator (anti-aging) should be done with discreet.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hamideh Ofoghi
- Iranian Research Organization for Science and Technology (IROST), Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahnaz Hadizadeh
- Iranian Research Organization for Science and Technology (IROST), Tehran, Iran
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11
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da Silva GG, Morais KS, Arcanjo DS, de Oliveira DM. Clinical Relevance of Alternative Lengthening of Telomeres in Cancer. Curr Top Med Chem 2020; 20:485-497. [PMID: 31924155 DOI: 10.2174/1568026620666200110112854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2019] [Revised: 12/11/2019] [Accepted: 12/16/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The alternative lengthening of telomere (ALT) is a pathway responsible for cell immortalization in some kinds of tumors. Since the first description of ALT is relatively recent in the oncology field, its mechanism remains elusive, but recent works address ALT-related proteins or cellular structures as potential druggable targets for more specific and efficient antitumor therapies. Moreover, some new generation compounds for antitelomerase therapy in cancer were able to provoke acquisition of ALT phenotype in treated tumors, enhancing the importance of studies on this alternative lengthening of the telomere. However, ALT has been implicated in different - sometimes opposite - outcomes, according to the tumor type studied. Then, in order to design and develop new drugs for ALT+ cancer in an effective way, it is crucial to understand its clinical implications. In this review, we gathered works published in the last two decades to highlight the clinical relevance of ALT on oncology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guilherme G da Silva
- Department of Biological Basis of Health Sciences, University of Brasilia, Ceilandia Campus, Federal District, Brazil
| | - Karollyne S Morais
- Laboratory of Molecular Pathology of Cancer, University of Brasilia, Federal District, Brazil
| | - Daniel S Arcanjo
- Department of Biological Basis of Health Sciences, University of Brasilia, Ceilandia Campus, Federal District, Brazil
| | - Diêgo M de Oliveira
- Department of Biological Basis of Health Sciences, University of Brasilia, Ceilandia Campus, Federal District, Brazil.,Laboratory of Molecular Pathology of Cancer, University of Brasilia, Federal District, Brazil
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12
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Assessment of telomerase as drug target in breast cancer. J Biosci 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s12038-020-00045-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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13
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Mehrsafar AH, Serrano Rosa MA, Moghadam Zadeh A, Gazerani P. Stress, Professional Lifestyle, and Telomere Biology in Elite Athletes: A Growing Trend in Psychophysiology of Sport. Front Psychol 2020; 11:567214. [PMID: 33250812 PMCID: PMC7673416 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2020.567214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2020] [Accepted: 10/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Professional lifestyle and championship period often put a great deal of pressure on athletes, who usually experience highly stressful periods during training for competitions. Recently, biomarkers of cellular aging, telomere length (TL) and telomerase activity (TA), have been considered to investigate the effects of stress and lifestyle factors. Studies in non-athletic populations have shown that stress and poor lifestyle decrease TL and TA. On the other hand, it has been shown that in general, exercise increases TL and its activity, although the underlying mechanisms remained largely unexplored. TL and TA outcomes in elite athletes remain inconclusive and mainly affected by confounding factors, such as age. Elite athletes, therefore, might offer a unique target group for studying exercise-telomere hypothesis for further investigation of the roles of stressors on telomere-related biomarkers. In this perspective, we highlight the potentials for studying these psychophysiological markers in elite athletes in order to understand stress-aging relationship and potential underlying mechanisms. Moreover, we present important methodological aspects that could help in the development of future experimental designs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amir Hossien Mehrsafar
- Department of Sport Psychology, Faculty of Sports Sciences, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Miguel Angel Serrano Rosa
- Department of Psychobiology, Faculty of Psychology, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain.,Laboratory of Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience, Faculty of Psychology, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Ali Moghadam Zadeh
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Psychology and Education, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Parisa Gazerani
- Department of Health Science and Technology, Faculty of Medicine, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
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14
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Dratwa M, Wysoczanska B, Turlej E, Anisiewicz A, Maciejewska M, Wietrzyk J, Bogunia-Kubik K. Heterogeneity of telomerase reverse transcriptase mutation and expression, telomerase activity and telomere length across human cancer cell lines cultured in vitro. Exp Cell Res 2020; 396:112298. [PMID: 32971118 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2020.112298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2020] [Revised: 09/18/2020] [Accepted: 09/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Promoter region of the telomerase reverse transcriptase gene (TERTp) constitutes a regulatory element capable to affect TERT expression (TE), telomerase activity (TA) and telomere length (TL). TERTp mutation status, TL, TA and TE were assessed in 27 in vitro cultured human cell lines, including 11 solid tumour, 13 haematological and 3 normal cell lines. C228T and C250T TERTp mutations were detected in 5 solid tumour and none of haematological cell lines (p = 0.0100). As compared to other solid tumour cell lines, those with the presence of somatic mutations were characterized by: shorter TL, lower TA and TE. Furthermore, cell lines carrying TERTp mutations showed a linear correlation between TE and TA (R = 0.9708, p = 0.0021). Moreover, haematological cell lines exhibited higher TE compared to solid tumour cell lines (p = 0.0007). TL and TA were correlated in both solid tumour (R = 0.4875, p = 0.0169) and haematological (R = 0.4719, p = 0.0095) cell lines. Our results based on the in vitro model suggest that oncogenic processes may differ between solid tumours and haematological malignancies with regard to their TERT gene regulation mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Dratwa
- Laboratory of Clinical Immunogenetics and Pharmacogenetics, Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Barbara Wysoczanska
- Laboratory of Clinical Immunogenetics and Pharmacogenetics, Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Eliza Turlej
- Department of Experimental Oncology, Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Artur Anisiewicz
- Department of Experimental Oncology, Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Magdalena Maciejewska
- Department of Experimental Oncology, Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Joanna Wietrzyk
- Department of Experimental Oncology, Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Bogunia-Kubik
- Laboratory of Clinical Immunogenetics and Pharmacogenetics, Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, Wroclaw, Poland.
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15
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Lulkiewicz M, Bajsert J, Kopczynski P, Barczak W, Rubis B. Telomere length: how the length makes a difference. Mol Biol Rep 2020; 47:7181-7188. [PMID: 32876842 PMCID: PMC7561533 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-020-05551-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2019] [Accepted: 05/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Telomerase is perceived as an immortality enzyme that might provide longevity to cells and whole organisms. Importantly, it is generally inactive in most somatic cells of healthy, adult men. Consequently, its substrates, i.e. telomeres, get shorter in most human cells with time. Noteworthy, cell life limitation due to telomere attrition during cell divisions, may not be as bad as it looks since longer cell life means longer exposition to harmful factors. Consequently, telomere length (attrition rate) becomes a factor that is responsible for inducing the signaling that leads to the elimination of cells that lived long enough to acquire severe damage. It seems that telomere length that depends on many different factors (including telomerase activity but also genetic factors, a hormonal profile that reflects sex, etc.) might become a useful marker of aging and exposition to stress. Thus in the current paper, we review the factors that affect telomere length in human cells focusing on sex that all together with different environmental and hormonal regulations as well as parental aspect affect telomere attrition rate. We also raise some limitations in the assessment of telomere length that hinders a trustworthy meta-analysis that might lead to acknowledgment of the real value of this parameter.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Lulkiewicz
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Molecular Diagnostics, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 49 Przybyszewskiego St., 60-355, Poznan, Poland
| | - J Bajsert
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Molecular Diagnostics, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 49 Przybyszewskiego St., 60-355, Poznan, Poland
| | - P Kopczynski
- Centre for Orthodontic Mini-Implants at the Department and Clinic of Maxillofacial Orthopedics and Orthodontics, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-812, Poznan, Poland
| | - W Barczak
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, The Greater Poland Cancer Centre, 61-866, Poznan, Poland.,Radiobiology Laboratory, Department of Medical Physics, The Greater Poland Cancer Centre, 61-866, Poznan, Poland
| | - B Rubis
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Molecular Diagnostics, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 49 Przybyszewskiego St., 60-355, Poznan, Poland.
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Liu Z, Han R, Zhu W, Xiu J, Shen Y, Xu Q. Inverse changes in telomere length between the blood and brain in depressive-like mice. J Affect Disord 2020; 273:453-461. [PMID: 32560940 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2020.01.089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2019] [Revised: 12/13/2019] [Accepted: 01/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Telomeres are nucleoprotein complexes located at the end of chromosomes. Previous studies have confirmed that telomere length is reduced in the peripheral blood of depression patients. However, studies regarding whether telomere length is altered in brain regions associated with depression are limited. It remains unclear whether the peripheral blood telomere length indicates telomere variation in the brain. METHODS Using quantitative PCR, we measured telomere length in five brain regions (prefrontal cortex, amygdala, nucleus accumbens, paraventricular nucleus, and hippocampus) from depressive-like mice and in peripheral blood from depressive-like mice and major depressive disorder (MDD) patients. We also examined the expression of telomerase- and alternative lengthening of telomere (ALT)-related genes in the prefrontal cortex and amygdala of depressive-like mice. RESULTS Telomeres were shortened in the peripheral blood of depressive-like mice and MDD patients, but were elongated in the prefrontal cortex and amygdala compared with healthy controls. We also observed that the expression of ALT-related genes increased in the prefrontal cortex and amygdala. LIMITATIONS The amount of human sample was limited. The mechanism of telomere lengthening in the brain of depressive-like mice was not well explained. Mice and humans have inherently different telomere and telomere maintenance systems. CONCLUSION These findings illustrate that the telomere length in the peripheral blood may not indicate the dynamics of telomere length in the brain. They offer a new perspective on variable telomere length in different brain regions affected in depression and provide a new basis for understanding the relationship between variable telomere length and MDD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeyue Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100005 China; Neuroscience Center, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100005 China
| | - Rongrong Han
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100005 China; Neuroscience Center, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100005 China
| | - Wanwan Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100005 China; Neuroscience Center, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100005 China
| | - Jianbo Xiu
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100005 China; Neuroscience Center, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100005 China.
| | - Yan Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100005 China; Neuroscience Center, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100005 China
| | - Qi Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100005 China; Neuroscience Center, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100005 China.
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17
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Yaba A, Agus S, Yıldırım E, Erdogan CS, Yılmaz B. Interaction of the mTERT telomerase catalytic subunit with the c-Abl tyrosine kinase in mouse granulosa cells. J Recept Signal Transduct Res 2020; 40:365-373. [PMID: 32131672 DOI: 10.1080/10799893.2020.1735419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Context: Oocyte and granulosa cells (GCs) have bidirectional communication and GCs play an important role in folliculogenesis and proliferation of GCs is very important for the development of ovulatory follicle. DNA double-strand breaks activate c-Abl protein tyrosine kinase and c-Abl has a functional role in repairement of DNA and control of telomere.Objective: In this study, we hypothesized that c-Abl has a regulative role on mTERT in mouse ovarian granulosa cells (GCs) and we aimed to detect c-Abl and mTERT interaction in mouse primary culture of GCs.Materials and methods: Mouse ovarian granulosa cell were cultured and siRNA-mediated knockdown approach was used to knockdown c-Abl expression.Results: We showed c-Abl and mTERT immunolocalization in vivo and in vitro mouse GCs. c-Abl and mTERT were constitutively expressed in mouse granulosa cells and c-Abl presented more intense expression in granulosa cells than mTERT expression. The interaction of the c-Abl-mTERT is supported by the exhibition that c-Abl siRNA knockdown cells show decreased mTERT expression. We also present an interaction between c-Abl and mTERT by immunoprecipitation. In addition, our results indicated that the down-regulation of c-Abl was also accompanied by reduced expression of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) in GCs.Conclusions: We suggest that mTERT may associate with the c-Abl in mouse GCs and the interactions between c-Abl and mTERT suggest a role for c-Abl in the regulation of telomerase function and proliferation in mouse granulosa cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aylin Yaba
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Yeditepe University School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Sami Agus
- Department of Physiology, Yeditepe University School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ecem Yıldırım
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Yeditepe University School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
| | | | - Bayram Yılmaz
- Department of Physiology, Yeditepe University School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
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18
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Shan C, Wang C, Zhang S, Shi Y, Ma K, Yang Q, Wu J. Transcriptome analysis of Clinopodium gracile (Benth.) Matsum and identification of genes related to Triterpenoid Saponin biosynthesis. BMC Genomics 2020; 21:49. [PMID: 31941462 PMCID: PMC6964110 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-020-6454-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2019] [Accepted: 01/07/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Clinopodium gracile (Benth.) Matsum (C. gracile) is an annual herb with pharmacological properties effective in the treatment of various diseases, including hepatic carcinoma. Triterpenoid saponins are crucial bioactive compounds in C. gracile. However, the molecular understanding of the triterpenoid saponin biosynthesis pathway remains unclear. RESULTS In this study, we performed RNA sequencing (RNA-Seq) analysis of the flowers, leaves, roots, and stems of C. gracile plants using the BGISEQ-500 platform. The assembly of transcripts from all four types of tissues generated 128,856 unigenes, of which 99,020 were mapped to several public databases for functional annotation. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified via the comparison of gene expression levels between leaves and other tissues (flowers, roots, and stems). Multiple genes encoding pivotal enzymes, such as squalene synthase (SS), or transcription factors (TFs) related to triterpenoid saponin biosynthesis were identified and further analyzed. The expression levels of unigenes encoding important enzymes were verified by quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR). Different chemical constituents of triterpenoid saponins were identified by Ultra-Performance Liquid Chromatography coupled with quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UPLC/Q-TOF-MS). CONCLUSIONS Our results greatly extend the public transcriptome dataset of C. gracile and provide valuable information for the identification of candidate genes involved in the biosynthesis of triterpenoid saponins and other important secondary metabolites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunmiao Shan
- Anhui University of Chinese Medicine and Anhui Academy of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, 230038, China.,Key Laboratory of Xin'an Medicine, Ministry of Education, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, 230038, China
| | - Chenkai Wang
- Anhui University of Chinese Medicine and Anhui Academy of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, 230038, China.,Key Laboratory of Xin'an Medicine, Ministry of Education, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, 230038, China
| | - Shengxiang Zhang
- Anhui University of Chinese Medicine and Anhui Academy of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, 230038, China.,Key Laboratory of Xin'an Medicine, Ministry of Education, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, 230038, China
| | - Yuanyuan Shi
- Anhui University of Chinese Medicine and Anhui Academy of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, 230038, China.,Key Laboratory of Xin'an Medicine, Ministry of Education, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, 230038, China
| | - Kelong Ma
- Anhui University of Chinese Medicine and Anhui Academy of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, 230038, China.,Clinical College of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, 230012, China
| | - Qingshan Yang
- Anhui University of Chinese Medicine and Anhui Academy of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, 230038, China
| | - Jiawen Wu
- Anhui University of Chinese Medicine and Anhui Academy of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, 230038, China. .,Key Laboratory of Xin'an Medicine, Ministry of Education, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, 230038, China. .,Synergetic Innovation Center of Anhui Authentic Chinese Medicine Quality Improvement, Hefei, 230012, China.
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19
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Chen X, Tang WJ, Shi JB, Liu MM, Liu XH. Therapeutic strategies for targeting telomerase in cancer. Med Res Rev 2019; 40:532-585. [PMID: 31361345 DOI: 10.1002/med.21626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2019] [Revised: 07/12/2019] [Accepted: 07/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Telomere and telomerase play important roles in abnormal cell proliferation, metastasis, stem cell maintenance, and immortalization in various cancers. Therefore, designing of drugs targeting telomerase and telomere is of great significance. Over the past two decades, considerable knowledge regarding telomere and telomerase has been accumulated, which provides theoretical support for the design of therapeutic strategies such as telomere elongation. Therefore, the development of telomere-based therapies such as nucleoside analogs, non-nucleoside small molecules, antisense technology, ribozymes, and dominant negative human telomerase reverse transcriptase are being prioritized for eradicating a majority of tumors. While the benefits of telomere-based therapies are obvious, there is a need to address the limitations of various therapeutic strategies to improve the possibility of clinical applications. In this study, current knowledge of telomere and telomerase is discussed, and therapeutic strategies based on recent research are reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Major Autoimmune Diseases, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, People's Republic of China
| | - Wen-Jian Tang
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Major Autoimmune Diseases, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Bo Shi
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Major Autoimmune Diseases, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, People's Republic of China
| | - Ming Ming Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Major Autoimmune Diseases, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin-Hua Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Major Autoimmune Diseases, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, People's Republic of China
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20
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Ameri Z, Ghiasi S, Farsinejad A, Hassanshahi G, Ehsan M, Fatemi A. Telomerase inhibitor MST-312 induces apoptosis of multiple myeloma cells and down-regulation of anti-apoptotic, proliferative and inflammatory genes. Life Sci 2019; 228:66-71. [PMID: 31029779 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2019.04.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2018] [Revised: 04/17/2019] [Accepted: 04/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
AIMS The telomerase-based therapy of cancer has received a great deal of attention due to the fact that it is expressed in almost all of the cancer cells while it is inactivated in most of the normal somatic cells. Current investigation was aimed to examine the effects of namely telomerase inhibitor, the MST-312, as a chemically modified derivative of epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG), on human multiple myeloma cell line U-266. MAIN METHODS U-266 cells were cultured and then treated by MST-312. The viability of cultured cells was measured by both trypan blue staining and MTT assay techniques. To examine the apoptosis, annexin-V/7-AAD staining using flow cytometry method was employed. To analysis the expression of Bax, Bcl-2, c-Myc, hTERT, IL-6 and TNF-α genes, the quantitative real-time PCR was employed. KEY FINDINGS We observed the short-term dose-dependent cytotoxic and apoptotic effect of MST-312 against U-266 myeloma cells. Gene expression analysis indicated that the MST-312-based apoptosis was associated with up-regulation of pro-apoptotic gene (Bax) as well as down-regulation of anti-apoptotic (Bcl-2), proliferative (c-Myc, hTERT) and inflammatory (IL-6, TNF-α) genes. SIGNIFICANCE These findings suggest that telomerase-based therapy using MST-312 may represent a novel promising strategy for treatment of multiple myeloma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Ameri
- Department of Hematology and Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Allied Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Saeedeh Ghiasi
- Department of Hematology and Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Allied Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Alireza Farsinejad
- Department of Hematology and Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Allied Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Gholamhossein Hassanshahi
- Department of Hematology and Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Allied Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran; Molecular Medicine Research Center, Research Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran
| | - Mohsen Ehsan
- Department of Hematology and Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Allied Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Ahmad Fatemi
- Department of Hematology and Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Allied Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran.
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21
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Sheikh‐Zeineddini N, Bashash D, Safaroghli‐Azar A, Riyahi N, Shabestari RM, Janzamin E, Safa M. Suppression of c‐Myc using 10058‐F4 exerts caspase‐3‐dependent apoptosis and intensifies the antileukemic effect of vincristine in pre‐B acute lymphoblastic leukemia cells. J Cell Biochem 2019; 120:14004-14016. [DOI: 10.1002/jcb.28675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2018] [Revised: 02/05/2019] [Accepted: 02/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Negar Sheikh‐Zeineddini
- Department of Hematology and Blood Banking, School of Allied Medical Sciences Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran
| | - Davood Bashash
- Department of Hematology and Blood Banking, School of Allied Medical Sciences Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran
| | - Ava Safaroghli‐Azar
- Department of Hematology and Blood Banking, School of Allied Medical Sciences Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran
| | - Niknam Riyahi
- Department of Hematology and Blood Banking, School of Allied Medical Sciences Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran
| | - Rima Manafi Shabestari
- Department of Hematology and Blood Banking, Faculty of Allied Medicine Iran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran
| | | | - Majid Safa
- Department of Hematology and Blood Banking, Faculty of Allied Medicine Iran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran
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22
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Dilshara MG, Jayasooriya RGPT, Choi YH, Kim GY. Camptothecin induces c-Myc- and Sp1-mediated hTERT expression in LNCaP cells: Involvement of reactive oxygen species and PI3K/Akt. Food Chem Toxicol 2019; 127:53-60. [PMID: 30851366 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2019.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2018] [Revised: 02/14/2019] [Accepted: 03/01/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Camptothecin (CPT), a quinoline alkaloid isolated from Camptotheca acuminate, targets topoisomerase I, which is continuously expressed in cancer cells. However, the molecular mechanisms responsible for CPT-induced telomerase inhibition remain unclear. Unexpectedly, we found that CPT upregulates hTERT expression and concomitantly increases telomerase activity. However, transfection of hTERT-targeting siRNA had no effect on CPT-induced G2/M phase arrest, suggesting that CPT-induced telomerase activation was not related to G2/M phase arrest. CPT simultaneously increased Nrf2 expression and the level of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS), whereas pretreatment with the antioxidants N-acetyl-cysteine (NAC) or glutathione (GSH) strongly attenuated ROS production, which was accompanied by hTERT downregulation. Additionally, transient Nrf2 knockdown enhanced CPT-induced ROS production and hTERT promoter activity. CPT also upregulated hTERT expression and telomerase activity by inducing c-Myc and Sp1 expression and activity. Moreover, c-Myc stimulated ROS production in response to CPT, leading to Sp1 activation, which promoted hTERT expression and telomerase activity. CPT treatment enhanced the phosphorylation of PI3K and Akt, which led to hTERT phosphorylation into the nucleus. These findings demonstrate that CPT positively regulates telomerase activity by upregulating hTERT expression and phosphorylation via the c-Myc/ROS/Sp1 and PI3K/Akt axis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Yung Hyun Choi
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Oriental Medicine, Dong-Eui University, Busan 47227, Republic of Korea
| | - Gi-Young Kim
- Department of Marine Life Sciences, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Republic of Korea.
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23
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Vukašinović AR, Kotur-Stevuljević JM, Mlakar V, Sopić MD, Cvetković ZP, Petković MR, Spasojević-Kalimanovska VV, Bogavac-Stanojević NB, Ostanek B. Telomerase stability and evaluation of real-time telomeric repeat amplification protocol. Scand J Clin Lab Invest 2019; 79:188-193. [PMID: 30767570 DOI: 10.1080/00365513.2019.1576220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Telomerase is RNA directed polymerase which acts as reverse transcriptase based on its own RNA component. It is considered to be involved in the pathology of many diseases and is recognized as a potential biomarker. The aims were to determine the sample storage conditions and the time frame for samples analysis, then to prove reliability of enzyme activity measurement with real-time telomeric repeat amplification protocol (TRAP) and to evaluate the suitable standard samples for telomerase activity measurements. Samples used for stability and freeze-thaw study were peripheral blood leukocytes, obtained from apparently healthy persons, patients with diagnosed cancer and cell lines. Telomerase activity was measured using TRAP method, while standard evaluation was done using nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) technique. Storage at -20 °C preserved telomerase activity in samples from cancer patients for at least 14 days (21.46 ± 0.135 versus 21.84 ± 0.357, p = .756), while samples obtained from healthy persons should be stored at -80 °C. We observed significant decrease of telomerase activity at freeze thaw cycle 5 in cancer patients' samples (21.46 ± 0.135 versus 23.09 ± 0.316, p < .05), and in healthy persons' ones already at cycle 3 (22.74 ± 0.107 versus 24.85 ± 0.151, p < .05). Telomerase activity from cell lines samples showed overall greater stability regarding the storage period and freeze-thaw cycles and it was considered for standard sample, which was confirmed by NMR analysis. Telomerase enzyme had adequate stability while efficacy, linearity, and reproducibility of TRAP method were acceptable for bio-analytical methods. All this indicated that telomerase could be a reliable biomarker.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandra R Vukašinović
- a Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Medical Biochemistry , University of Belgrade , Belgrade , Serbia
| | | | - Vid Mlakar
- b Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Clinical Biochemistry , University of Ljubljana , Ljubljana , Slovenia
| | - Miron D Sopić
- a Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Medical Biochemistry , University of Belgrade , Belgrade , Serbia
| | - Zorica P Cvetković
- c Department of Haematology , Clinical Hospital Center Zemun , Belgrade , Serbia.,d Faculty of Medicine , University of Belgrade , Belgrade , Serbia
| | - Miloš R Petković
- e Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Organic Chemistry , University of Belgrade , Belgrade , Serbia
| | | | | | - Barbara Ostanek
- b Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Clinical Biochemistry , University of Ljubljana , Ljubljana , Slovenia
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24
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Viviescas MA, Cano MIN, Segatto M. Chaperones and Their Role in Telomerase Ribonucleoprotein Biogenesis and Telomere Maintenance. CURR PROTEOMICS 2018. [DOI: 10.2174/1570164615666180713103133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Telomere length maintenance is important for genome stability and cell division. In most
eukaryotes, telomeres are maintained by the telomerase ribonucleoprotein (RNP) complex, minimally
composed of the Telomerase Reverse Transcriptase (TERT) and the telomerase RNA (TER) components.
In addition to TERT and TER, other protein subunits are part of the complex and are involved in
telomerase regulation, assembly, disassembly, and degradation. Among them are some molecular
chaperones such as Hsp90 and its co-chaperone p23 which are found associated with the telomerase
RNP complex in humans, yeast and probably in protozoa. Hsp90 and p23 are necessary for the telomerase
RNP assembly and enzyme activity. In budding yeast, the Hsp90 homolog (Hsp82) is also responsible
for the association and dissociation of telomerase from the telomeric DNA by its direct interaction
with a telomere end-binding protein (Cdc13), responsible for regulating telomerase access to telomeres.
In addition, AAA+ ATPases, such as Pontin and Reptin, which are also considered chaperone-
like proteins, associate with the human telomerase complex by the direct interaction of Pontin with
TERT and dyskerin. They are probably responsible for telomerase RNP assembly since their depletion
impairs the accumulation of the complex. Moreover, various RNA chaperones, are also pivotal in the
assembly and migration of the mature telomerase complex and complex intermediates. In this review,
we will focus on the importance of molecular chaperones for telomerase RNP biogenesis and how they
impact telomere length maintenance and cellular homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Alejandra Viviescas
- Genetics Department, Biosciences Institute, Sao Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Marcela Segatto
- Genetics Department, Biosciences Institute, Sao Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, SP, Brazil
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25
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Ozcagli E, Kara M, Kotil T, Fragkiadaki P, Tzatzarakis MN, Tsitsimpikou C, Stivaktakis PD, Tsoukalas D, Spandidos DA, Tsatsakis AM, Alpertunga B. Stanozolol administration combined with exercise leads to decreased telomerase activity possibly associated with liver aging. Int J Mol Med 2018; 42:405-413. [PMID: 29717770 PMCID: PMC5979936 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2018.3644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2018] [Accepted: 04/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Anabolic agents are doping substances which are commonly used in sports. Stanozolol, a 17α‑alkylated derivative of testosterone, has a widespread use among athletes and bodybuilders. Several medical and behavioral adverse effects are associated with anabolic androgenic steroids (AAS) abuse, while the liver remains the most well recognized target organ. In the present study, the hepatic effects of stanozolol administration in rats at high doses resembling those used for doping purposes were investigated, in the presence or absence of exercise. Stanozolol and its metabolites, 16‑β‑hydroxystanozolol and 3'‑hydroxystanozolol, were detected in rat livers using liquid chromatography‑mass spectrometry (LC‑MS). Telomerase activity, which is involved in cellular aging and tumorigenesis, was detected by examining telomerase reverse transcriptase (TERT) and phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) expression levels in the livers of stanozolol‑treated rats. Stanozolol induced telomerase activity at the molecular level in the liver tissue of rats and exercise reversed this induction, reflecting possible premature liver tissue aging. PTEN gene expression in the rat livers was practically unaffected either by exercise or by stanozolol administration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eren Ozcagli
- Department of Pharmaceutical Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy and
| | - Mehtap Kara
- Department of Pharmaceutical Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy and
| | - Tugba Kotil
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University, Istanbul 34116, Turkey
| | - Persefoni Fragkiadaki
- Laboratory of Forensic Sciences and Toxicology, Medical School, University of Crete, 71003 Heraklion
| | - Manolis N. Tzatzarakis
- Laboratory of Forensic Sciences and Toxicology, Medical School, University of Crete, 71003 Heraklion
| | | | | | - Dimitrios Tsoukalas
- Laboratory of Forensic Sciences and Toxicology, Medical School, University of Crete, 71003 Heraklion
| | - Demetrios A. Spandidos
- Laboratory of Clinical Virology, Medical School, University of Crete, 71003 Heraklion, Greece
| | - Aristides M. Tsatsakis
- Laboratory of Forensic Sciences and Toxicology, Medical School, University of Crete, 71003 Heraklion
| | - Buket Alpertunga
- Department of Pharmaceutical Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy and
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Down regulation of human telomerase reverse transcriptase (hTERT) expression by BIBR1532 in human glioblastoma LN18 cells. Cytotechnology 2018; 70:1143-1154. [PMID: 29546682 DOI: 10.1007/s10616-018-0205-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2017] [Accepted: 02/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Increased telomerase activity can be blocked by targeting the hTERT activity at both RNA and catalytic subunits. Various inhibitors had been used to regulate hTERT activity in glioblastoma cell lines and showed promising results. The present study hypothesized that the telomerase specific inhibitor BIBR1532 can effectively down-regulate the telomerase activity in LN18 glioblastoma cell line. LN18 glioblastoma cell line was treated with various concentrations of BIBR1532 at different time intervals. MTT assay was performed to determine cell viability after BIBR1532 treatment. hTERT mRNA and protein expression were determined by qRT-PCR and western blotting, respectively. Flow cytometry and TRAP assay was performed to detect the rate of apoptosis and telomerase activity in treated and control samples. One-way ANOVA was performed to compare the mean values of variables in control and BIBR1532 treated groups. LN18 cells showed a significant dose dependent cytotoxic effect after treatment with BIBR1532. hTERT mRNA expression in cells treated with 25, 100 and 200 μM BIBR1532 treated groups was decreased ~ 21, ~ 61.2, and ~ 77%, respectively (p < 0.05). We also observed that, BIBR1532 treatment reduced the expression of hTERT protein in LN18 cells in a dose dependent manner. The Flow cytometry data showed that, the drug induced significant increase in the total percentage of apoptotic cells with 200 μM concentration of BIBR1532 at all time points. BIBR1532 exhibited potent inhibition of telomerase activity in a dose-dependent manner in LN18 cells. BIBR1532 could induce apoptosis in LN18 cells through the downregulation of telomerase activity at transcriptional and translational level. We conclude that BIBR1532 may be a therapeutic agent to suppress telomerase activity, however, further efforts are necessary in order to explore this therapeutic strategy.
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27
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PRIMA-1 induces caspase-mediated apoptosis in acute promyelocytic leukemia NB4 cells by inhibition of nuclear factor-κB and downregulation of Bcl-2, XIAP, and c-Myc. Anticancer Drugs 2017; 28:51-58. [PMID: 27548348 DOI: 10.1097/cad.0000000000000426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Restoration of p53 function triggers cell death and eliminates tumors in vivo. Identification of p53-reactivating small molecules such as PRIMA-1 holds promise for effective new anticancer therapies. Here, we investigated the effects of small molecule PRIMA-1 on cell viability and expression of p53-regulated genes and proteins in the acute promyelocytic leukemia-derived NB4 cell line. Our results showed that PRIMA-1 had antileukemic properties in acute promyelocytic leukemia-derived NB4 cells. PRIMA-1-triggered apoptosis in a dose-dependent and time-dependent manner as indicated by the MTT assay and annexin-V staining. Apoptosis induction by PRIMA-1 was associated with caspase-9, caspase-7 activation and PARP cleavage. p21 protein expression was increased after PRIMA-1 treatment and real-time PCR analysis of proapoptotic p53 target genes indicated upregulation of Bax and Noxa. Western blot analysis showed that IκBα phosphorylation and its degradation were inhibited by PRIMA-1. Moreover, protein expression of nuclear factor-κB-regulated antiapoptotic (Bcl-2 and XIAP) and proliferative (c-Myc) gene products was decreased. Importantly, PRIMA-1 did not show any significant apoptotic effect in normal human peripheral blood mononuclear cells. These in-vitro studies imply that p53 reactivation by small compounds may become a novel anticancer therapy in acute promyelocytic leukemia.
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Marcon F, Siniscalchi E, Andreoli C, Allione A, Fiorito G, Medda E, Guarrera S, Matullo G, Crebelli R. Telomerase activity, telomere length and hTERT DNA methylation in peripheral blood mononuclear cells from monozygotic twins with discordant smoking habits. ENVIRONMENTAL AND MOLECULAR MUTAGENESIS 2017; 58:551-559. [PMID: 28843010 DOI: 10.1002/em.22127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2016] [Revised: 05/22/2017] [Accepted: 05/22/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Increased telomerase expression has been implicated in the pathogenesis of lung cancer and, since the primary cause of lung cancer is smoking, an association between telomerase reactivation and tobacco smoke has been proposed. In this work an investigation has been performed to assess the relationship between tobacco smoke exposure and telomerase activity (TA) in peripheral blood mononuclear cells of healthy smokers. The methylation status of the catalytic subunit of telomerase hTERT was concurrently investigated to assess the possible association between epigenetic modifications of hTERT and TA. Besides, the association between smoke and telomere length (TL) has been evaluated. Healthy monozygotic twins with discordant smoking habits were selected as study population to minimize inter-individual differences because of demographic characteristics and genetic heterogeneity. Statistically significant higher values of TA and TL were observed in smokers compared to nonsmoker co-twins. The multivariate analysis of data showed, besides smoking habits (P = 0.02), an influence of gender (P = 0.006) and BMI (P = 0.001) on TA and a borderline effect of gender (P = 0.05) on TL. DNA methylation analysis, focused on 100 CpG sites mapping in hTERT, highlighted nine CpG sites differentially methylated in smokers. When co-twins were contrasted, selecting as variables the intra-twin difference in TA and hTERT DNA methylation, a statistically significant inverse correlation (P = 0.003) was observed between TA and DNA methylation at the cg05521538 site. In conclusion, these results indicate an association of tobacco smoke with TA and TL and suggest a possible association between smoke-induced epigenetic effects and TA in healthy smokers. Environ. Mol. Mutagen. 58:551-559, 2017. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Marcon
- Department of Environment and Primary Prevention, Surveillance and Health Promotion, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, V.le Regina Elena 299, Rome, 00161, Italy
| | - Ester Siniscalchi
- Department of Environment and Primary Prevention, Surveillance and Health Promotion, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, V.le Regina Elena 299, Rome, 00161, Italy
| | - Cristina Andreoli
- Department of Environment and Primary Prevention, Surveillance and Health Promotion, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, V.le Regina Elena 299, Rome, 00161, Italy
| | - Alessandra Allione
- Italian Institute for Genomic Medicine (IIGM, FKA HuGeF), Via Nizza 52, 10126 Torino and Dept. Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Via Santena 19, Turin, 10126, Italy
| | - Giovanni Fiorito
- Italian Institute for Genomic Medicine (IIGM, FKA HuGeF), Via Nizza 52, 10126 Torino and Dept. Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Via Santena 19, Turin, 10126, Italy
| | - Emanuela Medda
- National Centre for Epidemiology, Surveillance and Health Promotion, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, V.le Regina Elena 299, Rome, 00161, Italy
| | - Simonetta Guarrera
- Italian Institute for Genomic Medicine (IIGM, FKA HuGeF), Via Nizza 52, 10126 Torino and Dept. Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Via Santena 19, Turin, 10126, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Matullo
- Italian Institute for Genomic Medicine (IIGM, FKA HuGeF), Via Nizza 52, 10126 Torino and Dept. Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Via Santena 19, Turin, 10126, Italy
| | - Riccardo Crebelli
- Department of Environment and Primary Prevention, Surveillance and Health Promotion, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, V.le Regina Elena 299, Rome, 00161, Italy
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Jacob S, Nayak S, Kakar R, Chaudhari UK, Joshi D, Vundinti BR, Fernandes G, Barai RS, Kholkute SD, Sachdeva G. A triad of telomerase, androgen receptor and early growth response 1 in prostate cancer cells. Cancer Biol Ther 2017; 17:439-48. [PMID: 27003515 DOI: 10.1080/15384047.2016.1156255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Telomerase activation is one of the key mechanisms that allow cells to bypass replicative senescence. Telomerase activity is primarily regulated at the level of transcription of its catalytic unit- hTERT. Prostate cancer (PCa), akin to other cancers, is characterized by high telomerase activity. Existing data suggest that hTERT expression and telomerase activity are positively regulated by androgenic stimuli in androgen-dependent prostate cancer (ADPC) cells. A part of the present study reaffirmed this by demonstrating a decline in the hTERT expression and telomerase activity on "loss of AR" in ADPC cells. The study further addressed 2 unresolved queries, i) whether AR-mediated signaling is of any relevance to hTERT expression in castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) and ii) whether this signaling involves EGR1. Our data suggest that AR-mediated signaling negatively regulates hTERT expression in CRPC cells. Incidental support for the possibility of EGR1 being a regulator of hTERT expression in PCa was provided by i) immunolocalization of hTERT and EGR1 proteins in the same cell type (secretory epithelium) of PCa and BPH tissues; ii) significantly (p< 0.001) higher levels of both these proteins in CRPC (PC3 and DU145), compared with ADPC (LNCaP) cells. A direct evidence for the role of EGR1 in hTERT expression was evident by a significant (p<0.0001) decrease in the hTERT transcript levels in the EGR1-silenced CRPC cells. Further, "gain of AR" led to a significant reduction in the levels of hTERT and EGR1 in CRPC cells. However, restoration of EGR1 levels prevented the decline in the hTERT transcript levels in these cells. Taken together, our data indicate that AR regulates the expression of EGR1, which in turn acts as a positive regulator of hTERT expression in CRPC cells. Thus, AR exerts an inhibitory effect on hTERT expression and telomerase activity by modulating EGR1 levels in CRPC cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheeba Jacob
- a Primate Biology Division, National Institute for Research in Reproductive Health (NIRRH), Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR) , Mumbai , India
| | - Sumeet Nayak
- a Primate Biology Division, National Institute for Research in Reproductive Health (NIRRH), Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR) , Mumbai , India
| | - Ruchi Kakar
- a Primate Biology Division, National Institute for Research in Reproductive Health (NIRRH), Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR) , Mumbai , India
| | - Uddhav K Chaudhari
- a Primate Biology Division, National Institute for Research in Reproductive Health (NIRRH), Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR) , Mumbai , India
| | - Dolly Joshi
- b Cytogenetics Laboratory, National Institute of Immunohaematology (NIIH), ICMR , Mumbai , India
| | - Babu R Vundinti
- b Cytogenetics Laboratory, National Institute of Immunohaematology (NIIH), ICMR , Mumbai , India
| | | | - Ram S Barai
- d Biomedical Informatics Centre, NIRRH, ICMR , Mumbai , India
| | - Sanjeeva D Kholkute
- a Primate Biology Division, National Institute for Research in Reproductive Health (NIRRH), Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR) , Mumbai , India
| | - Geetanjali Sachdeva
- a Primate Biology Division, National Institute for Research in Reproductive Health (NIRRH), Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR) , Mumbai , India
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Safa M, Jafari L, Alikarami F, Manafi Shabestari R, Kazemi A. Indole-3-carbinol induces apoptosis of chronic myelogenous leukemia cells through suppression of STAT5 and Akt signaling pathways. Tumour Biol 2017. [PMID: 28631564 DOI: 10.1177/1010428317705768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Signal transducer and activator of transcription 5 and Akt pathways, implicated in signaling transduction downstream of BCR-ABL, play critical roles in the pathogenesis of chronic myeloid leukemia. Therefore, idenication of novel compounds that modulate the activity of such pathways could be a new approach in the treatment of chronic myeloid leukemia. Previous studies have demonstrated that indole-3-carbinol inhibits the proliferation and induces apoptosis of various tumor cells. However, its anticancer activity against chronic myeloid leukemia cells and the underlying mechanism remain unclear. Our data revealed that indole-3-carbinol promoted mitochondrial apoptosis of chronic myeloid leukemia-derived K562 cells, as evidenced by the activation of caspases and poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase cleavage. Treatment with indole-3-carbinol was found to be associated with a decrease in the cellular levels of phospho-Akt and phospho-signal transducer and activator of transcription 5. In addition, real-time polymerase chain reaction analysis showed that the downregulation of genes is regulated by Akt and signal transducer and activator of transcription 5. We also found that treatment with indole-3-carbinol resulted in the activation of the p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase and reduced expression of human telomerase and c-Myc. Collectively, these results demonstrate that the oncogenic signal transducer and activator of transcription 5/Akt pathway is a cellular target for indole-3-carbinol in chronic myeloid leukemia cells. Thus, this clinically tested natural compound can be a potential candidate in the treatment of chronic myeloid leukemia following confirmation with clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Majid Safa
- 1 Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,2 Department of Hematology, Faculty of Allied Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Leila Jafari
- 2 Department of Hematology, Faculty of Allied Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Alikarami
- 2 Department of Hematology, Faculty of Allied Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Rima Manafi Shabestari
- 2 Department of Hematology, Faculty of Allied Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ahmad Kazemi
- 2 Department of Hematology, Faculty of Allied Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Zietzer A, Buschmann EE, Janke D, Li L, Brix M, Meyborg H, Stawowy P, Jungk C, Buschmann I, Hillmeister P. Acute physical exercise and long-term individual shear rate therapy increase telomerase activity in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Acta Physiol (Oxf) 2017; 220:251-262. [PMID: 27770498 DOI: 10.1111/apha.12820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2016] [Revised: 06/28/2016] [Accepted: 10/17/2016] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
AIM Physical activity is a potent way to impede vascular ageing. However, patients who suffer from peripheral artery disease (PAD) are often unable to exercise adequately. For those patients, we have developed individual shear rate therapy (ISRT), which is an adaptation of external counterpulsation and enhances endovascular fluid shear stress to increase collateral growth (arteriogenesis). To evaluate the effects of physical exercise and ISRT on the telomere biology of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs), we conducted two clinical trials. METHODS In the ISRT-1 study, we assessed PBMC telomerase activity in 26 young healthy volunteers upon a single (short-term) ISRT session and a single treadmill running session. In the ISRT-2 study, we investigated PBMC telomere biology of 14 elderly patients with PAD, who underwent 30 h of (long-term) ISRT within a 5-week period. RESULTS We demonstrate that telomerase activity significantly increased from 39.84 Total Product Generated (TPG) Units ± 6.15 to 58.10 TPG ± 10.46 upon a single treadmill running session in healthy volunteers. In the ISRT-2 trial, PBMC telomerase activity and the mRNA expression of the telomere-protective factor TRF2 increased from 40.87 TPG ± 4.45 to 60.98 TPG ± 6.83 and 2.10-fold ± 0.40, respectively, upon long-term ISRT in elderly patients with PAD. CONCLUSION In summary, we show that acute exercise and long-term ISRT positively affect PBMC telomerase activity, which is indicative for an improved regenerative potential of immune cells and vascular tissues. Long-term ISRT also enhances the gene expression of the telomere-protective factor TRF2.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. Zietzer
- Experimental and Clinical Research Center (ECRC); Richard-Thoma-Laboratories for Arteriogenesis; Center for Cardiovascular Research; Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin; Campus Mitte (CCM); Berlin Germany
| | - E. E. Buschmann
- Department for Angiology; Center for Internal Medicine I; Medical University of Brandenburg (MHB); Brandenburg an der Havel Brandenburg Germany
- Institute of Physiology; Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin; Campus Mitte (CCM); Berlin Germany
| | - D. Janke
- Berlin-Brandenburg School for Regenerative Therapies (BSRT); Charité - Universitaetsmedizin Berlin; Campus Virchow Klinikum (CVK) and Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry; Freie Universität Berlin; Berlin Germany
| | - L. Li
- Experimental and Clinical Research Center (ECRC); Richard-Thoma-Laboratories for Arteriogenesis; Center for Cardiovascular Research; Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin; Campus Mitte (CCM); Berlin Germany
- Department for Angiology; Center for Internal Medicine I; Medical University of Brandenburg (MHB); Brandenburg an der Havel Brandenburg Germany
| | - M. Brix
- Experimental and Clinical Research Center (ECRC); Richard-Thoma-Laboratories for Arteriogenesis; Center for Cardiovascular Research; Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin; Campus Mitte (CCM); Berlin Germany
| | - H. Meyborg
- Department of Medicine/Cardiology; Deutsches Herzzentrum Berlin; Berlin Germany
| | - P. Stawowy
- Department of Medicine/Cardiology; Deutsches Herzzentrum Berlin; Berlin Germany
| | - C. Jungk
- Experimental and Clinical Research Center (ECRC); Richard-Thoma-Laboratories for Arteriogenesis; Center for Cardiovascular Research; Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin; Campus Mitte (CCM); Berlin Germany
| | - I. Buschmann
- Experimental and Clinical Research Center (ECRC); Richard-Thoma-Laboratories for Arteriogenesis; Center for Cardiovascular Research; Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin; Campus Mitte (CCM); Berlin Germany
- Department for Angiology; Center for Internal Medicine I; Medical University of Brandenburg (MHB); Brandenburg an der Havel Brandenburg Germany
| | - P. Hillmeister
- Experimental and Clinical Research Center (ECRC); Richard-Thoma-Laboratories for Arteriogenesis; Center for Cardiovascular Research; Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin; Campus Mitte (CCM); Berlin Germany
- Department for Angiology; Center for Internal Medicine I; Medical University of Brandenburg (MHB); Brandenburg an der Havel Brandenburg Germany
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Heidenreich B, Kumar R. TERT promoter mutations in telomere biology. MUTATION RESEARCH-REVIEWS IN MUTATION RESEARCH 2016; 771:15-31. [PMID: 28342451 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrrev.2016.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2016] [Accepted: 11/10/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Telomere repeats at chromosomal ends, critical to genome integrity, are maintained through an elaborate network of proteins and pathways. Shelterin complex proteins shield telomeres from induction of DNA damage response to overcome end protection problem. A specialized ribonucleic protein, telomerase, maintains telomere homeostasis through repeat addition to counter intrinsic shortcomings of DNA replication that leads to gradual sequence shortening in successive mitoses. The biogenesis and recruitment of telomerase composed of telomerase reverse transcriptase (TERT) subunit and an RNA component, takes place through the intricate machinery that involves an elaborate number of molecules. The synthesis of telomeres remains a controlled and limited process. Inherited mutations in the molecules involved in the process directly or indirectly cause telomeropathies. Telomerase, while present in stem cells, is deactivated due to epigenetic silencing of the rate-limiting TERT upon differentiation in most of somatic cells with a few exceptions. However, in most of the cancer cells telomerase reactivation remains a ubiquitous process and constitutes one of the major hallmarks. Discovery of mutations within the core promoter of the TERT gene that create de novo binding sites for E-twenty-six (ETS) transcription factors provided a mechanism for cancer-specific telomerase reactivation. The TERT promoter mutations occur mainly in tumors from tissues with low rates of self-renewal. In melanoma, glioma, hepatocellular carcinoma, urothelial carcinoma and others, the promoter mutations have been shown to define subsets of patients with adverse disease outcomes, associate with increased transcription of TERT, telomerase reactivation and affect telomere length; in stem cells the mutations inhibit TERT silencing following differentiation into adult cells. The TERT promoter mutations cause an epigenetic switch on the mutant allele along with recruitment of pol II following the binding of GABPA/B1 complex that leads to mono-allelic expression. Thus, the TERT promoter mutations hold potential as biomarkers as well as future therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rajiv Kumar
- Division of Molecular Genetic Epidemiology; German Consortium for Translational Cancer Research (DKTK), German Cancer Research Center, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.
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miR-101 sensitizes K562 cell line to imatinib through Jak2 downregulation and inhibition of NF-κB target genes. Tumour Biol 2016; 37:14117-14128. [DOI: 10.1007/s13277-016-5205-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2016] [Accepted: 07/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
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Derepression of hTERT gene expression promotes escape from oncogene-induced cellular senescence. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2016; 113:E5024-33. [PMID: 27503890 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1602379113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Oncogene-induced senescence (OIS) is a critical tumor-suppressing mechanism that restrains cancer progression at premalignant stages, in part by causing telomere dysfunction. Currently it is unknown whether this proliferative arrest presents a stable and therefore irreversible barrier to cancer progression. Here we demonstrate that cells frequently escape OIS induced by oncogenic H-Ras and B-Raf, after a prolonged period in the senescence arrested state. Cells that had escaped senescence displayed high oncogene expression levels, retained functional DNA damage responses, and acquired chromatin changes that promoted c-Myc-dependent expression of the human telomerase reverse transcriptase gene (hTERT). Telomerase was able to resolve existing telomeric DNA damage response foci and suppressed formation of new ones that were generated as a consequence of DNA replication stress and oncogenic signals. Inhibition of MAP kinase signaling, suppressing c-Myc expression, or inhibiting telomerase activity, caused telomere dysfunction and proliferative defects in cells that had escaped senescence, whereas ectopic expression of hTERT facilitated OIS escape. In human early neoplastic skin and breast tissue, hTERT expression was detected in cells that displayed features of senescence, suggesting that reactivation of telomerase expression in senescent cells is an early event during cancer progression in humans. Together, our data demonstrate that cells arrested in OIS retain the potential to escape senescence by mechanisms that involve derepression of hTERT expression.
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Chen Y, Zhang Y. Functional and mechanistic analysis of telomerase: An antitumor drug target. Pharmacol Ther 2016; 163:24-47. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2016.03.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2016] [Accepted: 03/29/2016] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
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36
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Ghaffari SH, Yousefi M, Dizaji MZ, Momeny M, Bashash D, Zekri A, Alimoghaddam K, Ghavamzadeh A. Arsenic Trioxide Induces Apoptosis and Incapacitates Proliferation and Invasive Properties of U87MG Glioblastoma Cells through a Possible NF-κB-Mediated Mechanism. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2016; 17:1553-64. [DOI: 10.7314/apjcp.2016.17.3.1553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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37
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Zhai XX, Ding JC, Tang ZM, Li JG, Li YC, Yan YH, Sun JC, Zhang CX. Effects of resveratrol on the proliferation, apoptosis and telomerase ability of human A431 epidermoid carcinoma cells. Oncol Lett 2016; 11:3015-3018. [PMID: 27123055 PMCID: PMC4840784 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2016.4351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2015] [Accepted: 03/18/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of resveratrol on cell apoptosis, ability of telomerase and the human telomerase reverse transcriptase (hTERT) protein expression in human A431 epidermoid carcinoma cells. A431 cells were treated with different concentrations of resveratrol, and the cell appearance was then observed under a microscope. In addition, the cell proliferation was examined using an MTT assay, and the ability of telomerase was detected using telomeric repeat amplification protocol-polymerase chain reaction-ELISA. Resveratrol significantly inhibited the ability of telomerase and decreased the expression of hTERT protein in a concentration-dependent manner. In conclusion, resveratrol is capable of downregulating the expression of hTERT protein and inhibits the ability of telomerase of A431, which is an important mechanism of action of resveratrol with regard to inhibition of A431 cell proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Xiang Zhai
- Department of Dermatology, Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Xuzhou City, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221003, P.R. China
| | - Ji-Cun Ding
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Xuzhou Central Hospital, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221009, P.R. China
| | - Zhi-Ming Tang
- Department of Dermatology, Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Xuzhou City, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221003, P.R. China
| | - Jing-Guo Li
- Department of Dermatology, Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Xuzhou City, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221003, P.R. China
| | - Yong-Cong Li
- Department of Dermatology, Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Xuzhou City, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221003, P.R. China
| | - Yue-Hua Yan
- Department of Dermatology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430071, P.R. China
| | - Jing-Chang Sun
- Cell Biology Laboratory, School of Basic Medicine, Shandong Medical University, Jinan, Shandong 250355, P.R. China
| | - Cui-Xia Zhang
- Department of Dermatology, Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Xuzhou City, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221003, P.R. China
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Telomere Length Maintenance and Cardio-Metabolic Disease Prevention Through Exercise Training. Sports Med 2016; 46:1213-37. [DOI: 10.1007/s40279-016-0482-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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39
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Deng W, Cheung ST, Tsao SW, Wang XM, Tiwari AFY. Telomerase activity and its association with psychological stress, mental disorders, lifestyle factors and interventions: A systematic review. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2016; 64:150-63. [PMID: 26677763 DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2015.11.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2015] [Revised: 10/30/2015] [Accepted: 11/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To summarise and discuss the association between telomerase activity and psychological stress, mental disorders and lifestyle factors. METHOD A systematic review was carried out to identify prospective or retrospective studies and interventions published up to June 2015 that reported associations between telomerase activity and psychological stress, mental disorders and lifestyle factors. Electronic data bases of PubMed, ProQuest, CINAHL and Google Scholar were searched. RESULTS Twenty six studies on humans measured telomerase activity in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) or leukocytes and examined its association with psychological stress, mental disorders and lifestyle factors. Of those studies, three reported significantly decreased telomerase activity in individuals under chronic psychological stress. Interestingly, one of the three studies found that acute laboratory psychological stress significantly increased telomerase activity. Nine studies reported mixed results on association between mental disorders and telomerase activity. Of the nine studies, five reported that major depressive disorder (MDD) was associated with significantly increased telomerase activity. In thirteen out of fourteen studies on lifestyle factors, it was reported that physical exercise, diet micronutrient supplementation, mindfulness meditation, Qigong practice or yoga mediation resulted in increase in telomerase activity. In addition, two studies on animal models showed that depression-like behaviour was associated with decreased hippocampus telomerase activity. Five animal studies showed that physical exercise increased telomerase activity by cell-type-specific and genotype-specific manners. CONCLUSION Although multi-facet results were reported on the association between telomerase activity and psychological stress, mental disorders and lifestyle factors, there were some consistent findings in humans such as (1) decreased telomerase activity in individuals under chronic stress, (2) increased telomerase activity in individuals with MDD, and (3) increased telomerase activity in individuals under lifestyle interventions. Animal studies showed that physical exercise increased telomerase activity in specific cell-types. However, the exact mechanisms for the changes in telomerase activity have not been elucidated. We propose conglomerate models connecting chronic psychological stress, depression, mediation and physical exercise to telomerase activation. Several areas for future research are suggested.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Deng
- School of Nursing, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - S T Cheung
- School of Nursing, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - S W Tsao
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - X M Wang
- School of Nursing, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - A F Y Tiwari
- School of Nursing, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
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40
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Liu L, Liu Y, Zhang T, Wu H, Lin M, Wang C, Zhan Y, Zhou Q, Qiao B, Sun X, Zhang Q, Guo X, Zhao G, Zhang W, Huang W. Synthetic Bax-Anti Bcl2 combination module actuated by super artificial hTERT promoter selectively inhibits malignant phenotypes of bladder cancer. J Exp Clin Cancer Res 2016; 35:3. [PMID: 26743236 PMCID: PMC4705585 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-015-0279-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2015] [Accepted: 12/29/2015] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The synthetic biology technology which enhances the specificity and efficacy of treatment is a novel try in biomedical therapy during recent years. A high frequency of somatic mutations was shown in the human telomerase reverse transcriptase (hTERT) promoter in bladder cancer, indicating that a mutational hTERT promoter might be a tumor-specific element for bladder cancer therapy. In our study, we aimed to construct a synthetic combination module driven by a super artificial hTERT promoter and to investigate its influence on the malignant phenotypes of bladder cancer. METHODS The dual luciferase assay system was used to verify the driven efficiency and tumor-specificity of the artificial hTERT promoter and to confirm the relationship between ETS-1 and the driven efficiency of the artificial hTERT promoter. CCK-8 assay and MTT assay were used to test the effects of the Bax-Anti Bcl2 combination module driven by the artificial hTERT promoter on cell proliferation. Simultaneously, the cell apoptosis was detected by the caspase 3ELISA assay and the flow cytometry analysis after transfection. The results of CCK-8 assay and MTT assay were analyzed by ANOVA. The independent samples t-test was used to analyze other data. RESULTS We demonstrated that the artificial hTERT promoter had a higher driven efficiency which might be regulated by transcription factor ETS-1 in bladder cancer cells, compared with wild-type hTERT promoter. Meanwhile, the artificial hTERT promoter showed a strong tumor-specific effect. The cell proliferation inhibition and apoptosis induction were observed in artificial hTERT promoter- Bax-Anti Bcl2 combination module -transfected bladder cancer 5637 and T24 cells, but not in the module -transfected normal human fibroblasts. CONCLUSION This module offers us a useful synthetic biology platform to inhibit the malignant phenotypes of bladder cancer in a more specific and effective way.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Liu
- Key Laboratory of Medical Reprogramming Technology, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China.
- Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China.
| | - Yuchen Liu
- Key Laboratory of Medical Reprogramming Technology, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China.
| | - Tianbiao Zhang
- Urology Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.
| | - Hanwei Wu
- Key Laboratory of Medical Reprogramming Technology, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China.
| | - Muqi Lin
- Key Laboratory of Medical Reprogramming Technology, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China.
| | - Chaoliang Wang
- Urology Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.
| | - Yonghao Zhan
- Key Laboratory of Medical Reprogramming Technology, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China.
- Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China.
| | - Qing Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Medical Reprogramming Technology, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China.
| | - Baoping Qiao
- Urology Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.
| | - Xiaojuan Sun
- Key Laboratory of Medical Reprogramming Technology, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China.
| | - Qiaoxia Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Medical Reprogramming Technology, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China.
| | - Xiaoqiang Guo
- Key Laboratory of Medical Reprogramming Technology, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China.
| | - Guoping Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Medical Reprogramming Technology, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
- Shanghai-MOST Key Laboratory of Health and Disease Genomics, Chinese National Human Genome Center at Shanghai, Shanghai, China
| | - Weixing Zhang
- Urology Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.
| | - Weiren Huang
- Key Laboratory of Medical Reprogramming Technology, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China.
- Department of Urology, Peking University First Hospital, Institute of Urology, Peking University, National Urological Cancer Centre, Beijing, 100034, China.
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Fatemi A, Safa M, Kazemi A. MST-312 induces G2/M cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in APL cells through inhibition of telomerase activity and suppression of NF-κB pathway. Tumour Biol 2015; 36:8425-37. [DOI: 10.1007/s13277-015-3575-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2015] [Accepted: 05/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
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Zhuang CL, Fu X, Liu L, Liu YC, Huang WR, Cai ZM. Synthetic miRNA sponges driven by mutant hTERT promoter selectively inhibit the progression of bladder cancer. Tumour Biol 2015; 36:5157-63. [PMID: 25775949 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-015-3169-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2014] [Accepted: 01/26/2015] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The mutant promoter of human telomerase reverse transcriptase (hTERT) shows high transcriptional activity in bladder cancer cells. Some up-regulated microRNAs (miRNAs) are reported as oncogenic factors in bladder cancer. Previous studies report that miRNAs can be inhibited by base-pairing interactions. The purpose of this study is to construct a synthetic device driven by mutant hTERT promoter to suppress four up-regulated miRNAs and to verify its effects on phenotypes of bladder cancer cells and human normal cells. Tandem bulged miRNA binding sites targeting oncogenic miRNAs were inserted into the 3' untranslated region (3' UTR) of mutant hTERT promoter-driven Renilla luciferase gene to construct a synthetic tumor-specific device, miRNA sponges. A negative control was generated by using tandem repeated sequences without targeting any known miRNA. Bladder cancer cells (T24, 5637, UM-UC-3) and human fiber cells (HFC) were transfected with devices. Various functional assays were used to detect the effects of this device. The activity of the mutant hTERT promoter detected by luciferase assay was about three times as large as the wild-type hTERT promoter in bladder cancer cells, while it could not be measured in HFC. Other assays indicated that the synthetic device can significantly inhibit cell growth, decrease motility, and induce apoptosis in bladder cancer cells but not in HFC. A synthetic biology platform is employed to construct tumor-specific miRNA sponges that can be used to target oncogenic miRNAs to inhibit the progression of bladder cancer cells without affecting normal cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Le Zhuang
- Key Laboratory of Medical Reprogramming Technology, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, Shenzhen, 518039, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
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Miyazaki Y, Yoshida N, Nozaki T, Inoue H, Kikuchi K, Kusama K. Telomerase activity in the occurrence and progression of oral squamous cell carcinoma. J Oral Sci 2015; 57:295-303. [DOI: 10.2334/josnusd.57.295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuji Miyazaki
- Division of Pathology, Department of Diagnostic and Therapeutic Sciences, Meikai University School of Dentistry
| | - Noriaki Yoshida
- Division of Pathology, Department of Diagnostic and Therapeutic Sciences, Meikai University School of Dentistry
| | - Tadashige Nozaki
- Division of Pathology, Department of Diagnostic and Therapeutic Sciences, Meikai University School of Dentistry
- Department of Pharmacology, Osaka Dental University
| | - Harumi Inoue
- Division of Pathology, Department of Diagnostic and Therapeutic Sciences, Meikai University School of Dentistry
| | - Kentaro Kikuchi
- Division of Pathology, Department of Diagnostic and Therapeutic Sciences, Meikai University School of Dentistry
| | - Kaoru Kusama
- Division of Pathology, Department of Diagnostic and Therapeutic Sciences, Meikai University School of Dentistry
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Gan Y, Lu J, Yeung BZ, Cottage CT, Wientjes MG, Au JLS. Pharmacodynamics of telomerase inhibition and telomere shortening by noncytotoxic suramin. AAPS JOURNAL 2014; 17:268-76. [PMID: 25425294 DOI: 10.1208/s12248-014-9703-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2014] [Accepted: 11/10/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
We reported that suramin is an effective chemosensitizer at noncytotoxic concentrations (<50 μM); this effect was observed in multiple types of human xenograft tumors in vitro and in vivo. Clinical evaluation of noncytotoxic suramin is ongoing. Because (a) suramin inhibits reverse transcriptase, (b) telomerase is a reverse transcriptase, and (c) inhibition of telomerase enhances tumor chemosensitivity, we studied the pharmacodynamics of noncytotoxic suramin on telomerase activity and telomere length in cultured cells and tumors grown in animals. In three human cancer cells that depend on telomerase for telomere maintenance (pharynx FaDu, prostate PC3, breast MCF7), suramin inhibited telomerase activity in cell extracts and intact cells at concentrations that exhibited no cytotoxicity (IC50 of telomerase was between 1 and 3 μM vs. >60 μM for cytotoxicity), and continuous treatment at 10-25 μM for 6 weeks resulted in gradual telomere shortening (maximum of 30%) and cell senescence (measured by β-galactosidase activity and elevation of mRNA levels of two senescence markers p16 and p21). In contrast, noncytotoxic suramin did not shorten the telomere in telomerase-independent human osteosarcoma Saos-2 cells. In mice bearing FaDu tumors, treatment with noncytotoxic suramin for 6 weeks resulted in telomere erosion in >95% of the tumor cells with an average telomere shortening of >40%. These results indicate noncytotoxic suramin inhibits telomerase, shortens telomere and induces cell senescence, and suggest telomerase inhibition as a potential mechanism of its chemosensitization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuebo Gan
- College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, 500 West 12th Avenue, Columbus, Ohio, 43210, USA
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45
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Serial explant culture provides novel insights into the potential location and phenotype of corneal endothelial progenitor cells. Exp Eye Res 2014; 127:9-13. [DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2014.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2014] [Revised: 06/26/2014] [Accepted: 07/04/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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46
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Chen WD, Wen MS, Shie SS, Lo YL, Wo HT, Wang CC, Hsieh IC, Lee TH, Wang CY. The circadian rhythm controls telomeres and telomerase activity. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2014; 451:408-14. [PMID: 25109806 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2014.07.138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2014] [Accepted: 07/30/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Circadian clocks are fundamental machinery in organisms ranging from archaea to humans. Disruption of the circadian system is associated with premature aging in mice, but the molecular basis underlying this phenomenon is still unclear. In this study, we found that telomerase activity exhibits endogenous circadian rhythmicity in humans and mice. Human and mouse TERT mRNA expression oscillates with circadian rhythms and are under the control of CLOCK-BMAL1 heterodimers. CLOCK deficiency in mice causes loss of rhythmic telomerase activities, TERT mRNA oscillation, and shortened telomere length. Physicians with regular work schedules have circadian oscillation of telomerase activity while emergency physicians working in shifts lose the circadian rhythms of telomerase activity. These findings identify the circadian rhythm as a mechanism underlying telomere and telomerase activity control that serve as interconnections between circadian systems and aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Dar Chen
- Department of Cardiology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Shien Wen
- Department of Cardiology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Taiwan
| | - Shian-Sen Shie
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Lun Lo
- Department of Thoracic Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Taiwan
| | - Hung-Ta Wo
- Department of Cardiology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Chieh Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Taiwan
| | - I-Chang Hsieh
- Department of Cardiology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Taiwan
| | - Tsong-Hai Lee
- Stroke Center and Department of Neurology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Taiwan
| | - Chao-Yung Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Taiwan.
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Zhang Y, Zhang A, Shen C, Zhang B, Rao Z, Wang R, Yang S, Ning S, Mao G, Fang D. E2F1 acts as a negative feedback regulator of c-Myc‑induced hTERT transcription during tumorigenesis. Oncol Rep 2014; 32:1273-80. [PMID: 24969314 DOI: 10.3892/or.2014.3287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2014] [Accepted: 06/03/2014] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Since induction of hTERT expression and subsequent telomerase activation play a critical role in the multistep process of tumorigenesis, a better understanding of hTERT regulation may provide not only a rationale for the molecular basis of cancer progression but also a path to the development of cancer prevention. The c-Myc oncoprotein can function effectively in activating the transcriptional expression of hTERT through E-box elements on its promoter. E2F transcription factor 1 (E2F1) was found to be a repressor of hTERT transcription by directly binding to its promoter, thereby inhibiting hTERT protein expression. For the extensively crosstalk between c-Myc and E2F1 signals, which is now known to be vital to cell fate, we speculated that E2F1 may play a negative regulatory role in c-Myc-induced hTERT transcription. In the present study, we chose to use human embryonic fibroblast cells as an experimental model system, and present evidence that the E2F1 transcription factor constitutes a negative regulatory system to limit c-Myc transcriptional activation of hTERT in normal cells. Furthermore, we demonstrated that upregulation of the miR-17-92 cluster (miR-20a/miR-17-5p) is involved in the regulation of E2F1-mediated negative feedback of the c-Myc/hTERT pathway. Our results not only reveal novel insights into how normal cells control the transmission of c-Myc-mediated oncogenic signals, but also further establish E2F1 as an important molecular target for cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yafei Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, P.R. China
| | - Anran Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, P.R. China
| | - Caifei Shen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, P.R. China
| | - Bicheng Zhang
- Department of Oncology, Wuhan General Hospital of Guangzhou Command, People's Liberation Army, Wuhan, P.R. China
| | - Zhiguo Rao
- Department of Oncology, Wuhan General Hospital of Guangzhou Command, People's Liberation Army, Wuhan, P.R. China
| | - Rongquan Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, P.R. China
| | - Shiming Yang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, P.R. China
| | - Shoubin Ning
- Department of Gastroenterology, Air Force General Hospital of Chinese PLA, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Gaoping Mao
- Department of Gastroenterology, Air Force General Hospital of Chinese PLA, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Dianchun Fang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, P.R. China
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Wang F, Lu CH, Willner I. From cascaded catalytic nucleic acids to enzyme-DNA nanostructures: controlling reactivity, sensing, logic operations, and assembly of complex structures. Chem Rev 2014; 114:2881-941. [PMID: 24576227 DOI: 10.1021/cr400354z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 486] [Impact Index Per Article: 48.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Fuan Wang
- Institute of Chemistry, The Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem , Jerusalem 91904, Israel
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49
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Multiple tumor suppressor microRNAs regulate telomerase and TCF7, an important transcriptional regulator of the Wnt pathway. PLoS One 2014; 9:e86990. [PMID: 24551047 PMCID: PMC3925088 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0086990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2013] [Accepted: 12/20/2013] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The human TERT (hTERT) gene encodes the telomerase catalytic subunit which plays a role in telomerase regulation. Telomerase is activated in more than 90% of all human malignancies and understanding how telomerase is regulated is necessary for implementation of successful anti-cancer therapies. microRNAs (miRNAs) are important regulators of gene expression in eukaryotic cells but evidence of their role in telomerase regulation has not been documented. To determine whether hTERT activity is regulated by multiple miRNAs, eight miRNAs which have putative binding sites in the hTERT 3'UTR together with miR-138-5p were evaluated in luciferase assays with a reporter containing the hTERT 3'UTR. Six miRNAs (let-7g*, miR-133a, miR-138-5p, miR-342-5p, miR-491-5p, and miR-541-3p) specifically inhibited the expression of the reporter luciferase-driven constructs and let-7g*, miR-133a, miR-138-5p, and miR-491-5p also downregulated endogenous telomerase activity in cells. Moreover, all six miRNAs significantly inhibited cell proliferation. miRNAs (miR-133a, miR-138-5p, 342-5p, 491-5p, 541-3p) also have predicted binding sites within the 3'UTR of three genes involved in Wnt signaling (TCF7, MSI1, and PAX5). These miRNAs inhibited the expression of the luciferase reporter constructs containing 3'UTRs of these genes and downregulated protein expression of the TCF7 transcription factor, which mediates the canonical Wnt pathway. Together, these results suggest the existence of a miRNA regulatory network involving the hTERT and Wnt pathway.
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Heidenreich B, Rachakonda PS, Hemminki K, Kumar R. TERT promoter mutations in cancer development. Curr Opin Genet Dev 2013; 24:30-7. [PMID: 24657534 DOI: 10.1016/j.gde.2013.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 175] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2013] [Revised: 10/18/2013] [Accepted: 11/03/2013] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Human telomerase reverse transcriptase (TERT) encodes a rate-limiting catalytic subunit of telomerase that maintains genomic integrity. TERT expression is mostly repressed in somatic cells with exception of proliferative cells in self-renewing tissues and cancer. Immortality associated with cancer cells has been attributed to telomerase over-expression. The precise mechanism behind the TERT activation in cancers has mostly remained unknown. The newly described germline and recurrent somatic mutations in melanoma and other cancers in the TERT promoter that create de novo E-twenty six/ternary complex factors (Ets/TCF) binding sites, provide an insight into the possible cause of tumor-specific increased TERT expression. In this review we discuss the discovery and possible implications of the TERT promoter mutations in melanoma and other cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Heidenreich
- Division of Molecular Genetic Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center, Im Neuenheimer Feld 580, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - P Sivaramakrishna Rachakonda
- Division of Molecular Genetic Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center, Im Neuenheimer Feld 580, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Kari Hemminki
- Division of Molecular Genetic Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center, Im Neuenheimer Feld 580, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; Center for Primary Health Care Research, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Rajiv Kumar
- Division of Molecular Genetic Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center, Im Neuenheimer Feld 580, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.
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