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Du L, Liu Q, Wang L, Lyu H, Tang J. Microplastics enhanced the allelopathy of pyrogallol on toxic Microcystis with additional risks: Microcystins release and greenhouse gases emissions. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 945:173864. [PMID: 38879032 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.173864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2024] [Revised: 05/16/2024] [Accepted: 06/07/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024]
Abstract
Cyanobacteria blooms (CBs) caused by eutrophication pose a global concern, especially Microcystis aeruginosa (M. aeruginosa), which could release harmful microcystins (MCs). The impact of microplastics (MPs) on allelopathy in freshwater environments is not well understood. This study examined the joint effect of adding polystyrene (PS-MPs) as representative MPs and two concentrations (2 and 8 mg/L) of pyrogallol (PYR) on the allelopathy of M. aeruginosa. The results showed that the addition of PS-MPs intensified the inhibitory effect of 8 mg/L PYR on the growth and photosynthesis of M. aeruginosa. After a 7-day incubation period, the cell density decreased to 69.7 %, and the chl-a content decreased to 48 % compared to the condition without PS-MPs (p < 0.05). Although the growth and photosynthesis of toxic Microcystis decreased with the addition of PS-MPs, the addition of PS-MPs significantly resulted in a 3.49-fold increase in intracellular MCs and a 1.10-fold increase in extracellular MCs (p < 0.05). Additionally, the emission rates of greenhouse gases (GHGs) (carbon dioxide, nitrous oxide and methane) increased by 2.66, 2.23 and 2.17-fold, respectively (p < 0.05). In addition, transcriptomic analysis showed that the addition of PS-MPs led to the dysregulation of gene expression related to DNA synthesis, membrane function, enzyme activity, stimulus detection, MCs release and GHGs emissions in M. aeruginosa. PYR and PS-MPs triggered ROS-induced membrane damage and disrupted photosynthesis in algae, leading to increased MCs and GHG emissions. PS-MPs accumulation exacerbated this issue by impeding light absorption and membrane function, further heightening the release of MCs and GHGs emissions. Therefore, PS-MPs exhibited a synergistic effect with PYR in inhibiting the growth and photosynthesis of M. aeruginosa, resulting in additional risks such as MCs release and GHGs emissions. These results provide valuable insights for the ecological risk assessment and control of algae bloom in freshwater ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linqing Du
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria (Ministry of Education)/Tianjin Engineering Center of Environmental Diagnosis and Contamination Remediation, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Qinglong Liu
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria (Ministry of Education)/Tianjin Engineering Center of Environmental Diagnosis and Contamination Remediation, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Lan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria (Ministry of Education)/Tianjin Engineering Center of Environmental Diagnosis and Contamination Remediation, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Honghong Lyu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Clean Energy and Pollution Control, School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300401, China
| | - Jingchun Tang
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria (Ministry of Education)/Tianjin Engineering Center of Environmental Diagnosis and Contamination Remediation, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China.
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Yang H, Chen C, Han L, Zhang X, Yue M. Genome-Wide Identification and Expression Analysis of the MYB Transcription Factor Family in Salvia nemorosa. Genes (Basel) 2024; 15:110. [PMID: 38254999 PMCID: PMC10815335 DOI: 10.3390/genes15010110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Revised: 01/11/2024] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
The MYB transcription factor gene family is among the most extensive superfamilies of transcription factors in plants and is involved in various essential functions, such as plant growth, defense, and pigment formation. Salvia nemorosa is a perennial herb belonging to the Lamiaceae family, and S. nemorosa has various colors and high ornamental value. However, there is little known about its genome-wide MYB gene family and response to flower color formation. In this study, 142 SnMYB genes (MYB genes of S. nemorosa) were totally identified, and phylogenetic relationships, conserved motifs, gene structures, and expression profiles during flower development stages were analyzed. A phylogenetic analysis indicated that MYB proteins in S. nemorosa could be categorized into 24 subgroups, as supported by the conserved motif compositions and gene structures. Furthermore, according to their similarity with AtMYB genes associated with the control of anthocyanin production, ten SnMYB genes related to anthocyanin biosynthesis were speculated and chosen for further qRT-PCR analyses. The results indicated that five SnMYB genes (SnMYB75, SnMYB90, SnMYB6, SnMYB82, and SnMYB12) were expressed significantly differently in flower development stages. In conclusion, our study establishes the groundwork for understanding the anthocyanin biosynthesis of the SnMYB gene family and has the potential to enhance the breeding of S. nemorosa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan Yang
- The College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, No. 229 Taibai North Road, Xi’an 710069, China;
| | - Chen Chen
- Xi’an Botanical Garden of Shaanxi Province, Institute of Botany of Shaanxi Province, Shaanxi Engineering Research Centre for Conservation and Utilization of Botanical Resources, No. 17 Cuihua South Road, Xi’an 710061, China; (C.C.); (X.Z.)
| | - Limin Han
- College of Life Sciences and Food Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Shenhe Avenue, Xi’an 710100, China;
| | - Xiao Zhang
- Xi’an Botanical Garden of Shaanxi Province, Institute of Botany of Shaanxi Province, Shaanxi Engineering Research Centre for Conservation and Utilization of Botanical Resources, No. 17 Cuihua South Road, Xi’an 710061, China; (C.C.); (X.Z.)
| | - Ming Yue
- The College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, No. 229 Taibai North Road, Xi’an 710069, China;
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Liu C, Yang X, He Y, Chen Q, Huang Y, Yan Z, Liu D, Feng G. Fine mapping and characterisation of a PV-PUR mediating anthocyanin synthesis in snap bean ( Phaseolus vulgaris L.). MOLECULAR BREEDING : NEW STRATEGIES IN PLANT IMPROVEMENT 2023; 43:15. [PMID: 37313298 PMCID: PMC10248652 DOI: 10.1007/s11032-023-01362-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Accepted: 02/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Anthocyanin makes snap bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) pods purple, which helps seed dispersal and protects against environmental stress. In this study, we characterised the snap bean purple mutant pv-pur, which has purple cotyledon, hypocotyl, stem, leaf vein, flower and pod tissues. Total anthocyanin, delphinidin and malvidin levels in mutant pods were significantly higher than in wild-type plants. We constructed two populations for fine mapping of the PV-PUR purple mutation gene, located in the 243.9-kb region of chromosome 06. We identified Phvul.006g018800.3, encoding F3'5'H, as a candidate gene for PV-PUR. Six single-base mutations occurred in the coding region of this gene, altering protein structure. PV-PUR and pv-pur genes were transferred into Arabidopsis, respectively. Compared with the wild-type, the leaf base and internode of T-PV-PUR plant were purple, and the phenotype of T-pv-pur plant remained unchanged, which verified the function of the mutant gene. The results demonstrated that PV-PUR is a crucial gene for anthocyanin biosynthesis in snap bean, resulting in purple colouration. The findings lay a foundation for future breeding and improvement of snap bean. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s11032-023-01362-8.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang Liu
- Horticulture Department, College of Advanced Agriculture and Ecological Environment, Heilongjiang University, 74 Xuefu Road, Harbin, Heilongjiang, 150000 China
| | - Xiaoxu Yang
- Horticulture Department, College of Advanced Agriculture and Ecological Environment, Heilongjiang University, 74 Xuefu Road, Harbin, Heilongjiang, 150000 China
| | - Yongheng He
- Horticulture Department, College of Advanced Agriculture and Ecological Environment, Heilongjiang University, 74 Xuefu Road, Harbin, Heilongjiang, 150000 China
| | - Qifu Chen
- Horticulture Department, College of Advanced Agriculture and Ecological Environment, Heilongjiang University, 74 Xuefu Road, Harbin, Heilongjiang, 150000 China
| | - Yucheng Huang
- Horticulture Department, College of Advanced Agriculture and Ecological Environment, Heilongjiang University, 74 Xuefu Road, Harbin, Heilongjiang, 150000 China
| | - Zhishan Yan
- Horticulture Department, College of Advanced Agriculture and Ecological Environment, Heilongjiang University, 74 Xuefu Road, Harbin, Heilongjiang, 150000 China
| | - Dajun Liu
- Horticulture Department, College of Advanced Agriculture and Ecological Environment, Heilongjiang University, 74 Xuefu Road, Harbin, Heilongjiang, 150000 China
| | - Guojun Feng
- Horticulture Department, College of Advanced Agriculture and Ecological Environment, Heilongjiang University, 74 Xuefu Road, Harbin, Heilongjiang, 150000 China
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Wu B, Ruan C, Shah AH, Li D, Li H, Ding J, Li J, Du W. Identification of miRNA-mRNA Regulatory Modules Involved in Lipid Metabolism and Seed Development in a Woody Oil Tree ( Camellia oleifera). Cells 2021; 11:cells11010071. [PMID: 35011633 PMCID: PMC8750442 DOI: 10.3390/cells11010071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Revised: 12/23/2021] [Accepted: 12/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Tea oil camellia (Camellia oleifera), an important woody oil tree, is a source of seed oil of high nutritional and medicinal value that is widely planted in southern China. However, there is no report on the identification of the miRNAs involved in lipid metabolism and seed development in the high- and low-oil cultivars of tea oil camellia. Thus, we explored the roles of miRNAs in the key periods of oil formation and accumulation in the seeds of tea oil camellia and identified miRNA–mRNA regulatory modules involved in lipid metabolism and seed development. Sixteen small RNA libraries for four development stages of seed oil biosynthesis in high- and low-oil cultivars were constructed. A total of 196 miRNAs, including 156 known miRNAs from 35 families, and 40 novel miRNAs were identified, and 55 significantly differentially expressed miRNAs were found, which included 34 upregulated miRNAs, and 21 downregulated miRNAs. An integrated analysis of the miRNA and mRNA transcriptome sequence data revealed that 10 miRNA–mRNA regulatory modules were related to lipid metabolism; for example, the regulatory modules of ath-miR858b–MYB82/MYB3/MYB44 repressed seed oil biosynthesis, and a regulation module of csi-miR166e-5p–S-ACP-DES6 was involved in the formation and accumulation of oleic acid. A total of 23 miRNA–mRNA regulatory modules were involved in the regulation of the seed size, such as the regulatory module of hpe-miR162a_L-2–ARF19, involved in early seed development. A total of 12 miRNA–mRNA regulatory modules regulating growth and development were identified, such as the regulatory modules of han-miR156a_L+1–SPL4/SBP2, promoting early seed development. The expression changes of six miRNAs and their target genes were validated using quantitative real-time PCR, and the targeting relationship of the cpa-miR393_R-1–AFB2 regulatory module was verified by luciferase assays. These data provide important theoretical values and a scientific basis for the genetic improvement of new cultivars of tea oil camellia in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Wu
- Key Laboratory of Biotechnology and Bioresources Utilization, Ministry of Education, Institute of Plant Resources, Dalian Minzu University, Dalian 116600, China; (B.W.); (H.L.); (J.D.); (J.L.); (W.D.)
| | - Chengjiang Ruan
- Key Laboratory of Biotechnology and Bioresources Utilization, Ministry of Education, Institute of Plant Resources, Dalian Minzu University, Dalian 116600, China; (B.W.); (H.L.); (J.D.); (J.L.); (W.D.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-411-87652536
| | - Asad Hussain Shah
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Kotli Azad Jammu and Kashmir, Azad Jammu and Kashmir, Kotli 11100, Pakistan;
| | - Denghui Li
- Guizhou Wulingshan Youcha Technology Innovation Research Institute Co., Ltd., Tongren 554300, China;
| | - He Li
- Key Laboratory of Biotechnology and Bioresources Utilization, Ministry of Education, Institute of Plant Resources, Dalian Minzu University, Dalian 116600, China; (B.W.); (H.L.); (J.D.); (J.L.); (W.D.)
| | - Jian Ding
- Key Laboratory of Biotechnology and Bioresources Utilization, Ministry of Education, Institute of Plant Resources, Dalian Minzu University, Dalian 116600, China; (B.W.); (H.L.); (J.D.); (J.L.); (W.D.)
| | - Jingbin Li
- Key Laboratory of Biotechnology and Bioresources Utilization, Ministry of Education, Institute of Plant Resources, Dalian Minzu University, Dalian 116600, China; (B.W.); (H.L.); (J.D.); (J.L.); (W.D.)
| | - Wei Du
- Key Laboratory of Biotechnology and Bioresources Utilization, Ministry of Education, Institute of Plant Resources, Dalian Minzu University, Dalian 116600, China; (B.W.); (H.L.); (J.D.); (J.L.); (W.D.)
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Jo YD, Ryu J, Kim YS, Kang KY, Hong MJ, Choi HI, Lim GH, Kim JB, Kim SH. Dramatic Increase in Content of Diverse Flavonoids Accompanied with Down-Regulation of F-Box Genes in a Chrysanthemum ( Chrysanthemum × morifolium (Ramat.) Hemsl.) Mutant Cultivar Producing Dark-Purple Ray Florets. Genes (Basel) 2020; 11:E865. [PMID: 32751443 PMCID: PMC7464468 DOI: 10.3390/genes11080865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Revised: 07/24/2020] [Accepted: 07/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Anthocyanins (a subclass of flavonoids) and flavonoids are crucial determinants of flower color and substances of pharmacological efficacy, respectively, in chrysanthemum. However, metabolic and transcriptomic profiling regarding flavonoid accumulation has not been performed simultaneously, thus the understanding of mechanisms gained has been limited. We performed HPLC-DAD-ESI-MS (high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with photodiode array detection and electrospray ionization mass spectrometry) and transcriptome analyses using "ARTI-Dark Chocolate" (AD), which is a chrysanthemum mutant cultivar producing dark-purple ray florets, and the parental cultivar "Noble Wine" for metabolic characterization and elucidation of the genetic mechanism determining flavonoid content. Among 26 phenolic compounds identified, three cyanidins and eight other flavonoids were detected only in AD. The total amounts of diverse flavonoids were 8.0 to 10.3 times higher in AD. Transcriptome analysis showed that genes in the flavonoid biosynthetic pathway were not up-regulated in AD at the early flower stage, implying that the transcriptional regulation of the pathway did not cause flavonoid accumulation. However, genes encoding post-translational regulation-related proteins, especially F-box genes in the mutated gene, were enriched among down-regulated genes in AD. From the combination of metabolic and transcriptomic data, we suggest that the suppression of post-translational regulation is a possible mechanism for flavonoid accumulation in AD. These results will contribute to research on the regulation and manipulation of flavonoid biosynthesis in chrysanthemum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeong Deuk Jo
- Radiation Breeding Research Team, Advanced Radiation Technology Institute, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, Jeongeup 56212, Korea; (Y.D.J.); (J.R.); (Y.-S.K.); (M.J.H.); (H.-I.C.); (G.-H.L.); (J.-B.K.)
| | - Jaihyunk Ryu
- Radiation Breeding Research Team, Advanced Radiation Technology Institute, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, Jeongeup 56212, Korea; (Y.D.J.); (J.R.); (Y.-S.K.); (M.J.H.); (H.-I.C.); (G.-H.L.); (J.-B.K.)
| | - Ye-Sol Kim
- Radiation Breeding Research Team, Advanced Radiation Technology Institute, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, Jeongeup 56212, Korea; (Y.D.J.); (J.R.); (Y.-S.K.); (M.J.H.); (H.-I.C.); (G.-H.L.); (J.-B.K.)
| | - Kyung-Yun Kang
- Suncheon Research Center for Natural Medicines, Suncheon 57922, Korea;
| | - Min Jeong Hong
- Radiation Breeding Research Team, Advanced Radiation Technology Institute, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, Jeongeup 56212, Korea; (Y.D.J.); (J.R.); (Y.-S.K.); (M.J.H.); (H.-I.C.); (G.-H.L.); (J.-B.K.)
| | - Hong-Il Choi
- Radiation Breeding Research Team, Advanced Radiation Technology Institute, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, Jeongeup 56212, Korea; (Y.D.J.); (J.R.); (Y.-S.K.); (M.J.H.); (H.-I.C.); (G.-H.L.); (J.-B.K.)
| | - Gah-Hyun Lim
- Radiation Breeding Research Team, Advanced Radiation Technology Institute, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, Jeongeup 56212, Korea; (Y.D.J.); (J.R.); (Y.-S.K.); (M.J.H.); (H.-I.C.); (G.-H.L.); (J.-B.K.)
| | - Jin-Baek Kim
- Radiation Breeding Research Team, Advanced Radiation Technology Institute, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, Jeongeup 56212, Korea; (Y.D.J.); (J.R.); (Y.-S.K.); (M.J.H.); (H.-I.C.); (G.-H.L.); (J.-B.K.)
| | - Sang Hoon Kim
- Radiation Breeding Research Team, Advanced Radiation Technology Institute, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, Jeongeup 56212, Korea; (Y.D.J.); (J.R.); (Y.-S.K.); (M.J.H.); (H.-I.C.); (G.-H.L.); (J.-B.K.)
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Kee ES, Naing AH, Lim SH, Han JS, Kim CK. MYB transcription factor isolated from Raphanus sativus enhances anthocyanin accumulation in chrysanthemum cultivars. 3 Biotech 2016; 6:79. [PMID: 28330149 PMCID: PMC4764610 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-016-0396-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2015] [Accepted: 11/12/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
A MYB transcription factor gene, RsMYB1, from radish was introduced into the chrysanthemum cultivars ‘Peach ND’, ‘Peach Red’, and ‘Vivid Scarlet’ under the control of the cauliflower mosaic virus 35S promoter. Presence of RsMYB1 in transgenic lines was confirmed using polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Results of reverse-transcription-PCR analysis revealed that the expression of RsMYB1 was stable in all transgenic lines and could enhance the expression levels of three key biosynthetic genes (F3H, DFR, and ANS) involved in anthocyanin production. Accordingly, anthocyanin content was significantly higher in transgenic lines than in control of all the cultivars, although the increasement was not visually observed in any of the transgenic lines. Therefore, these results demonstrate that RsMYB1 has potential to enhance anthocyanin content in the chrysanthemums.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun Sun Kee
- Department of Horticultural Science, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 702-701 Korea
| | - Aung Htay Naing
- Department of Horticultural Science, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 702-701 Korea
| | - Sun Hyung Lim
- National Academy of Agricultural Science, Rural Development Administration, Suwon, 441-707 Korea
| | - Jeung Sul Han
- Department of Horticultural Science, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 702-701 Korea
| | - Chang Kil Kim
- Department of Horticultural Science, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 702-701 Korea
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A Novel bHLH Transcription Factor Involved in Regulating Anthocyanin Biosynthesis in Chrysanthemums (Chrysanthemum morifolium Ramat.). PLoS One 2015; 10:e0143892. [PMID: 26619181 PMCID: PMC4664390 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0143892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2015] [Accepted: 11/10/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Chrysanthemums (Chrysanthemum morifolium Ramat.) exhibit a variety of flower colors due to their differing abilities to accumulate anthocyanins. One MYB member, CmMYB6, has been verified as a transcription regulator of chrysanthemum genes involved in anthocyanin biosynthesis; however, the co-regulators for CmMYB6 remain unclear in chrysanthemum. Here, the expression pattern of CmbHLH2, which is clustered in the IIIf bHLH subgroup, was shown to be positively correlated with the anthocyanin content of cultivars with red, pink and yellow flower colors, respectively. CmbHLH2 significantly upregulated the CmDFR promoter and triggered anthocyanin accumulation when co-expressed with CmMYB6. Yeast one-hybrid analyses indicated that CmbHLH2 was able to bind directly to the CmDFR promoter. Moreover, yeast two-hybrid assays indicated protein-protein interaction between CmbHLH2 and CmMYB6. These results suggest that CmbHLH2 is the essential partner for CmMYB6 in regulating anthocyanin biosynthesis in chrysanthemum.
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Naing AH, Ai TN, Jeon SM, Park KI, Lim KB, Kim CK. Expression of RsMYB1 in chrysanthemum regulates key anthocyanin biosynthetic genes. ELECTRON J BIOTECHN 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejbt.2015.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
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