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Wang Z, Chen H, Chen Q, Zhu Y, Li M, Zhou J. Multi-institutional study of 'Sandwich treatment' for motor area large brain metastases (LBM) with diameter over 3 cm. Radiol Oncol 2024; 58:145-152. [PMID: 38183280 PMCID: PMC10878778 DOI: 10.2478/raon-2024-0002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 09/23/2023] [Indexed: 01/08/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The objective of the present study was to explore the effectiveness and safety of 'Sandwich treatment' strategy for large brain metastases (LBM) with diameter over 3 cm (minimum volume >= 15 cm3) located in motor area. PATIENTS AND METHODS Patients from four gamma knife center that received 'Sandwich treatment' were retrospectively studied from January 2016 to March 2023. The strategy was one-week treatment course including 2 stages of stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) and using bevacizumab once during SRS gap. The tumor volume and peri-tumor edema changes were analyzed before and after 'Sandwich treatment'. Manual muscle testing (MMT) score and Barthel Index (BI) score were used to evaluate the changes of patients' movement and physical strength rehabilitation. The patients' overall survival (OS) and tumor local control (TLC) rate was calculated. Cox regression model was used to analyze the risk factors that related to TLC. RESULTS 61 patients with 72 lesions received the 'Sandwich treatment'. The median prescription dose was 13.0 Gy and 12.5 Gy at the first- and second-stage SRS. The mean tumor volume at the time of 'Sandwich treatment' and 3 months later was 20.1 cm3 and 12.3, respectively (P < 0.01). The mean peri-tumor edema volume at the first- and second-stage SRS was 12.6 cm3 and 5.2 cm3, respectively (P < 0.01). Patients' median MMT score improved from 6 at the beginning to 8 at the end of 'Sandwich treatment' (P < 0.01), BI score was also greatly improved from 45 at the time of 'Sandwich treatment' to 95 after 3 months (P < 0.01). Patients' median OS was 14.0 months, and the 3, 6, 12 months OS rate was 92.0%, 86.0% and 66.0%, respectively. The TLC rate at 3, 6, 12 months was 98.4%, 93.4%, and 85.3%, respectively. Patients with lung cancer had lower risk of tumor relapse. The cumulative incidence of patient's hemorrhage and radiation necrosis was 4.92% (3/61) and 13.11% (8/61) after 'Sandwich treatment'. CONCLUSIONS 'Sandwich treatment' strategy is safe and effective for LBM located in motor area. The strategy could rapidly improve the patients' movement and enhance their physical strength rehabilitation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Wang
- Cancer Center, Gamma Knife Treatment Center, Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital, Affiliated People’s Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China
| | - Haining Chen
- Gamma Knife Treatment Center, Anhui Provincial Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Qun Chen
- Gamma Knife Treatment Center. Jiangsu Province People’s Hospital, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical UniversityNanjing, China
| | - Yucun Zhu
- Gamma Knife Treatment Center, Ming ji Hospital, Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Min Li
- Cancer Center, Gamma Knife Treatment Center, Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital, Affiliated People’s Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jia Zhou
- Cancer Center, Gamma Knife Treatment Center, Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital, Affiliated People’s Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China
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Lo YT, Karlsson B, Wong A, Vellayappan BA, Yeo TT, Nga VDW. Is two-staged gamma knife surgery a reasonable management option for very large cerebellar metastases? A case series of three patients. Acta Neurochir (Wien) 2024; 166:100. [PMID: 38388908 DOI: 10.1007/s00701-024-05974-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Two-staged gamma knife surgery (GKS) is a method that may extend the upper tumor volume limit for using GKS in the management of brain metastases. However, the safety of treating very large posterior fossa lesions with this technique has not been well demonstrated. Therefore, we analyzed our experience in treating cerebellar metastases larger than 12 cm3 with two-staged GKS. METHODS Four consecutive patients harboring 12 to 30 cm3 cerebellar metastases scheduled two-staged GKS were included in the study, and all but one patient completed the treatment. The treatment doses were 10-13 Gy. All patients were followed with regular MR imaging and clinical assessments, and the tumor volumes were measured on all treatment and follow-up images. RESULTS Tumor progression was not demonstrated in any of the patients. Tumor volumes decreased by, on average, more than half between the two stages. The median survival was 22 months, and no patient died due to intracranial tumor progression. Peritumoral edema at the first GKS resolved in all patients, replaced by asymptomatic mild T2 changes in two of them not requiring any treatment. No radiation-induced complication has developed thus far. CONCLUSION Staged GKS seems to be a feasible management option for very large cerebellar metastases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Tung Lo
- Department of Surgery, Division of Neurosurgery, National University Hospital, Singapore, Singapore.
| | - Bengt Karlsson
- Department of Surgery, Division of Neurosurgery, National University Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Andrea Wong
- Department of Haematology-Oncology, National University Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
- National University Cancer Institute, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Balamurugan A Vellayappan
- National University Cancer Institute, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Radiation Oncology, National University Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Tseng Tsai Yeo
- Department of Surgery, Division of Neurosurgery, National University Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Vincent Diong Weng Nga
- Department of Surgery, Division of Neurosurgery, National University Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
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Harikar MM, Venkataram T, Palmisciano P, Scalia G, Baldoncini M, Cardali SM, Umana GE, Ferini G. Comparison of Staged Stereotactic Radiosurgery and Fractionated Stereotactic Radiotherapy in Patients with Brain Metastases > 2 cm without Prior Whole Brain Radiotherapy: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. World Neurosurg 2023; 178:213-232.e6. [PMID: 37543203 DOI: 10.1016/j.wneu.2023.07.143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Accepted: 07/30/2023] [Indexed: 08/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To compare fractionated stereotactic radiotherapy (FSRT) with staged stereotactic radiosurgery (SSRS) in patients with brain metastases >2 cm without prior whole brain radiotherapy. METHODS In this systematic review and meta-analysis, PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, Embase, and Cochrane were searched to include studies that evaluated FSRT and/or SSRS for brain metastases >2 cm or 4 cm3 in adult patients with a known primary malignancy and no prior history of whole brain radiotherapy. Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines were followed and an indirect random-effect meta-analyses was conducted to compare treatment outcomes between the two modalities. RESULTS A total of 10 studies were included, comprising 612 (778 metastases) and 250 patients (265 metastases) in the SSRS and FSRT groups, respectively. The SSRS group had significantly older patients (66.6 ± 17.51 years vs. 62.37 ± 37.89 years; P = 0.029) with lower rate of control of primary disease (11.59% vs. 78.7%, P < 0.00001), and more patients with Karnofsky performance status ≥70 at baseline (92.81% vs. 88.56%; P = 0.045). FSRT was associated with a statistically nonsignificant but clinically important lower 12-month overall survival (44.75% [95% confidence interval [CI]: 30.48%-59.95%] vs. 53.25% [95%CI: 45.15%-61.19%], P = 0.1615) and higher rate of salvage radiotherapy (18.18% [95%CI: 8.75%-34%] vs. 12.27% [95%CI: 5.98%-23.53%], P = 0.0841). Both groups had comparable rates of local tumor control, mortality, tumor progression, recurrence, neurological death, and 6-month overall survival. CONCLUSIONS SSRS and FSRT were found to be comparable for treating brain metastases >2 cm not previously irradiated. Given the paucity of such studies, trials directly comparing the two treatment strategies are warranted to support these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mandara M Harikar
- Clinical Trials Programme, Usher Institute of Molecular, Genetic and Population Health Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Tejas Venkataram
- Department of Neurosurgery, St. John's Medical College Hospital, Bangalore, India
| | - Paolo Palmisciano
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Gianluca Scalia
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Neurosurgery Unit, Garibaldi Hospital, Catania, Italy
| | - Matias Baldoncini
- Department of Neurological Surgery, San Fernando Hospital, San Fernando, Argentina
| | - Salvatore Massimiliano Cardali
- Department of Neurosurgery, Azienda Ospedaliera Papardo, University of Messina, Messina, Italy; Division of Neurosurgery, BIOMORF Department, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Giuseppe E Umana
- Department of Neurosurgery, Trauma Center, Gamma Knife Center, Cannizzaro Hospital, Catania, Italy.
| | - Gianluca Ferini
- Department of Radiation Oncology, REM Radioterapia srl, Viagrande, Italy
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Levis M, Gastino A, De Giorgi G, Mantovani C, Bironzo P, Mangherini L, Ricci AA, Ricardi U, Cassoni P, Bertero L. Modern Stereotactic Radiotherapy for Brain Metastases from Lung Cancer: Current Trends and Future Perspectives Based on Integrated Translational Approaches. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:4622. [PMID: 37760591 PMCID: PMC10526239 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15184622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2023] [Revised: 09/01/2023] [Accepted: 09/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Brain metastases (BMs) represent the most frequent metastatic event in the course of lung cancer patients, occurring in approximately 50% of patients with non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and in up to 70% in patients with small-cell lung cancer (SCLC). Thus far, many advances have been made in the diagnostic and therapeutic procedures, allowing improvements in the prognosis of these patients. The modern approach relies on the integration of several factors, such as accurate histological and molecular profiling, comprehensive assessment of clinical parameters and precise definition of the extent of intracranial and extracranial disease involvement. The combination of these factors is pivotal to guide the multidisciplinary discussion and to offer the most appropriate treatment to these patients based on a personalized approach. Focal radiotherapy (RT), in all its modalities (radiosurgery (SRS), fractionated stereotactic radiotherapy (SRT), adjuvant stereotactic radiotherapy (aSRT)), is the cornerstone of BM management, either alone or in combination with surgery and systemic therapies. We review the modern therapeutic strategies available to treat lung cancer patients with brain involvement. This includes an accurate review of the different technical solutions which can be exploited to provide a "state-of-art" focal RT and also a detailed description of the systemic agents available as effective alternatives to SRS/SRT when a targetable molecular driver is present. In addition to the validated treatment options, we also discuss the future perspective for focal RT, based on emerging clinical reports (e.g., SRS for patients with many BMs from NSCLC or SRS for BMs from SCLC), together with a presentation of innovative and promising findings in translational research and the combination of novel targeted agents with SRS/SRT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario Levis
- Radiation Oncology Unit, Department of Oncology, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy; (M.L.); (A.G.); (G.D.G.); (C.M.); (U.R.)
| | - Alessio Gastino
- Radiation Oncology Unit, Department of Oncology, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy; (M.L.); (A.G.); (G.D.G.); (C.M.); (U.R.)
| | - Greta De Giorgi
- Radiation Oncology Unit, Department of Oncology, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy; (M.L.); (A.G.); (G.D.G.); (C.M.); (U.R.)
| | - Cristina Mantovani
- Radiation Oncology Unit, Department of Oncology, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy; (M.L.); (A.G.); (G.D.G.); (C.M.); (U.R.)
| | - Paolo Bironzo
- Oncology Unit, Department of Oncology, San Luigi Gonzaga Hospital, University of Turin, 10043 Orbassano, Italy;
| | - Luca Mangherini
- Pathology Unit, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy; (L.M.); (A.A.R.); (P.C.)
| | - Alessia Andrea Ricci
- Pathology Unit, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy; (L.M.); (A.A.R.); (P.C.)
| | - Umberto Ricardi
- Radiation Oncology Unit, Department of Oncology, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy; (M.L.); (A.G.); (G.D.G.); (C.M.); (U.R.)
| | - Paola Cassoni
- Pathology Unit, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy; (L.M.); (A.A.R.); (P.C.)
| | - Luca Bertero
- Pathology Unit, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy; (L.M.); (A.A.R.); (P.C.)
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Noda R, Kawashima M, Segawa M, Tsunoda S, Inoue T, Akabane A. Fractionated versus staged gamma knife radiosurgery for mid-to-large brain metastases: a propensity score-matched analysis. J Neurooncol 2023; 164:87-96. [PMID: 37525086 DOI: 10.1007/s11060-023-04374-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2023] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/02/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To compare treatment results between fractionated gamma knife radiosurgery (f-GKRS) and staged gamma knife radiosurgery (s-GKRS) for mid-to-large brain metastases (BMs). METHODS We retrospectively analyzed data of patients with medium (4-10 mL) to large (> 10 mL) BMs who underwent s-GKRS or f-GKRS between March 2008 and September 2022. Patients were treated with (i) s-GKRS before May 2018 and (ii) f-GKRS after May 2018. Patients who underwent follow-up magnetic resonance imaging at least once were enrolled. Case-matched studies were conducted by applying propensity score matching to minimize treatment selection bias and potential confounding. Local control (LC) was set as the primary endpoint and overall survival (OS) as the secondary endpoint. RESULTS This study included 129 patients with 136 lesions and 70 patients with 78 lesions who underwent s-GKRS and f-GKRS, respectively. Overall, 124 lesions (62 lesions in each group) were selected in the case-matched group. No differences were observed in the 6-month and 1-year cumulative incidences of LC failure between the s-GKRS and f-GKRS groups (15.6% vs. 15.9% at 6 months and 25.6% vs. 25.6% at 1 year; p = 0.617). One-year OS rates were 62.6% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 45.4-75.7%) and 73.9% (95% CI: 58.8-84.2%) in the s-GKRS and f-GKRS groups, respectively. The post-GKRS median survival time was shorter in the s-GKRS group than in the f-GKRS group (17 vs. 36 months), without significance (p = 0.202). CONCLUSIONS This is the first study to compare f-GKRS and s-GKRS in large BMs. Fractionation is as effective as staged GKRS for treating mid-to-large BMs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryuichi Noda
- Gamma Knife Center, NTT Medical Center Tokyo, 141-8625 5-9-22, Higashi-Gotanda, Shinagawa-Ku, Tokyo, Japan.
- Department of Neurosurgery, NTT Medical Center Tokyo, 141-8625 5-9-22, Higashi-Gotanda, Shinagawa-Ku, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Mariko Kawashima
- Gamma Knife Center, NTT Medical Center Tokyo, 141-8625 5-9-22, Higashi-Gotanda, Shinagawa-Ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masafumi Segawa
- Department of Neurosurgery, NTT Medical Center Tokyo, 141-8625 5-9-22, Higashi-Gotanda, Shinagawa-Ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Sho Tsunoda
- Department of Neurosurgery, NTT Medical Center Tokyo, 141-8625 5-9-22, Higashi-Gotanda, Shinagawa-Ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Inoue
- Department of Neurosurgery, NTT Medical Center Tokyo, 141-8625 5-9-22, Higashi-Gotanda, Shinagawa-Ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Atsuya Akabane
- Gamma Knife Center, NTT Medical Center Tokyo, 141-8625 5-9-22, Higashi-Gotanda, Shinagawa-Ku, Tokyo, Japan
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Bankole NDA, Melhaoui A, Arkha Y, Afaf S, Bouyakhlef K, Boutarbouch M, Jiddane M, El Khamlichi A. Outcome of Brain Metastases Treated with Gamma Knife Stereotactic Radiosurgery: A Retrospective Cohort Study of 205 Cases. World Neurosurg 2023; 176:e462-e475. [PMID: 37257645 DOI: 10.1016/j.wneu.2023.05.083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2023] [Accepted: 05/21/2023] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Brain metastases (BMs) are the most common expansive intracranial lesions in adults. Approximately 50% of patients diagnosed with new BMs will have >1 BM at the diagnosis. We report our experience with BMs treated with Leksell Gamma Knife stereotactic radiosurgery (GKSR) and evaluate the outcomes. METHODS Patients treated by GKSR in our institution between 2008 and 2021 for BMs were evaluated retrospectively. RESULTS A total of 205 patients (56.6% women) were included, with a median age of 59 years (range, 25-83 years). The breast (n = 85; 42.5%) and lung (n = 76; 38%) were the most common original locations for the primary tumors. Of the 205 patients, 103 (50.3%) had a single BM and 102 (49.7%) had ≥2 BMs. The median number of multiple BMs treated was 4 (range, 2-43). The mean overall survival (OS) time was 6.00 months (95% confidence interval [CI], 5.07-6.93 months) for all BMs. The median rate of tumor control after radiosurgery was 65% (range, 20%-99%) during a median follow-up of 6.00 months (95% CI, 3-84 months). In the overall population, the 1-, 2-, and 5-year OS rate was 37.55%, 25.12%, and 18.51%, respectively. The mean OS time was longer for those with multiple BMs than for those with a single BM (mean, 10 months [95% CI, 6.67-13.33 months] vs. mean, 5 months [95% CI, 4.21-5.70 months]; P = 0.03). Retreatment, tumor stability (control), and progression influenced the OS of patients with BMs, whether single or multiple (P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS GKSR provides good results in terms of OS and better quality of life for patients with BMs, whether single or multiple. Tumor stability and retreatment influenced the OS of patients with BMs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nourou Dine Adeniran Bankole
- Gamma Knife Radiosurgery Unit, National Center for Rehabilitation and Neuroscience, Mohamed V University of Rabat, Rabat, Morocco.
| | - Adyl Melhaoui
- Gamma Knife Radiosurgery Unit, National Center for Rehabilitation and Neuroscience, Mohamed V University of Rabat, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Yasser Arkha
- Gamma Knife Radiosurgery Unit, National Center for Rehabilitation and Neuroscience, Mohamed V University of Rabat, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Semmar Afaf
- Gamma Knife Radiosurgery Unit, National Center for Rehabilitation and Neuroscience, Mohamed V University of Rabat, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Khalid Bouyakhlef
- Gamma Knife Radiosurgery Unit, National Center for Rehabilitation and Neuroscience, Mohamed V University of Rabat, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Mahjouba Boutarbouch
- Gamma Knife Radiosurgery Unit, National Center for Rehabilitation and Neuroscience, Mohamed V University of Rabat, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Mohamed Jiddane
- Gamma Knife Radiosurgery Unit, National Center for Rehabilitation and Neuroscience, Mohamed V University of Rabat, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Abdeslam El Khamlichi
- Gamma Knife Radiosurgery Unit, National Center for Rehabilitation and Neuroscience, Mohamed V University of Rabat, Rabat, Morocco
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Yomo S, Oda K, Oguchi K. Effectiveness of immune checkpoint inhibitors in combination with stereotactic radiosurgery for patients with brain metastases from renal cell carcinoma: inverse probability of treatment weighting using propensity scores. J Neurosurg 2023; 138:1591-1599. [PMID: 36308485 DOI: 10.3171/2022.9.jns221215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) is the mainstay for treating brain metastases (BMs) from renal cell carcinoma (RCC). In recent years, immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have been applied to metastatic RCC and have contributed to improved outcomes. The authors investigated whether SRS with concurrent ICIs for RCC BM prolongs overall survival (OS) and improves intracranial disease control and whether there are any safety concerns. METHODS Patients who underwent SRS for RCC BMs at the authors' institution between January 2010 and January 2021 were included. Concurrent use of ICIs was defined as no more than 3 months between SRS and ICI administration. The time-to-event analysis of OS and intracranial progression-free survival (IC-PFS) between the groups with and without ICIs (ICI+SRS and SRS, respectively) was performed using inverse probability of treatment weighting (IPTW) based on propensity scores (PSs) to control for selection bias. Four baseline covariates (Karnofsky Performance Scale score, extracranial metastases, hemoglobin, and number of BMs) were selected to calculate PSs. RESULTS In total, 57 patients with 147 RCC BMs were eligible. The median OS for all patients was 9.1 months (95% CI 6.0-18.9 months), and the median IC-PFS was 4.4 months (95% CI 3.1-6.8 months). Twelve patients (21%) received concurrent ICIs. The IPTW-adjusted 1-year OS rates in the ICI+SRS and SRS groups were 66% and 38%, respectively (HR 0.30, 95% C 0.13-0.69; p = 0.005), and the IPTW-adjusted 1-year IC-PFS rates were 52% and 16%, respectively (HR 0.30, 95% CI 0.14-0.62; p = 0.001). Severe tumor hemorrhage (Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events [CTCAE] grade 4 or 5) occurred immediately after SRS in 2 patients in the SRS group. CTCAE grade 2 or 3 toxicity was observed in 2 patients in the ICI+SRS group and 5 patients in the SRS group. CONCLUSIONS Although the patient number was small and the analysis preliminary, the present study found that SRS with concurrent ICIs for RCC BM patients prolonged survival and provided durable intracranial disease control, with no apparent increase in treatment-related adverse events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shoji Yomo
- 1Division of Radiation Oncology, Aizawa Comprehensive Cancer Center, Aizawa Hospital, Matsumoto City, Nagano Prefecture, Japan; and
| | - Kyota Oda
- 1Division of Radiation Oncology, Aizawa Comprehensive Cancer Center, Aizawa Hospital, Matsumoto City, Nagano Prefecture, Japan; and
| | - Kazuhiro Oguchi
- 2Positron Imaging Center, Aizawa Hospital, Matsumoto City, Nagano Prefecture, Japan
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Chkili S, Lefebvre Y, Chao SL, Bali MA, Lemort M, Coquelet N. Optimization of workflow for detection of brain metastases at 3T: is a black-blood MTC prepared 3D T1 used alone robust enough to replace the combination of conventional 3D T1 and the black-blood 3D T1 MTC? Neuroradiology 2023:10.1007/s00234-023-03143-8. [PMID: 36995375 DOI: 10.1007/s00234-023-03143-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 03/31/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Sampling perfection with application-optimized contrasts by using different flip angle evolutions (SPACE) is a black-blood 3D T1-weighted (T1w) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) sequence that has shown robust performance for brain metastases detection. However, this could generate false positive results due to suboptimal blood signal suppression. For that reason, SPACE is used in our institution alongside a non-black-blood T1w sequence: volumetric interpolated breath-hold examination (VIBE). Our study aims to (i) evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of SPACE compared to its use in combination with VIBE, (ii) investigate the effect of radiologist's experience in the sequence's performance, and (iii) analyze causes of discordants results. METHODS Four hundred seventy-three 3T MRI scans were retrospectively analyzed following a monocentric study design. Two studies were formed: one including SPACE alone and one combining both sequences (SPACE + VIBE, the reference). An experienced neuroradiologist and a radiology trainee independently reviewed the images of each study and reported the number of brain metastases. The sensitivity (Se) and specificity (Sp) of SPACE compared to SPACE + VIBE in metastases detection were reported. Diagnostic accuracy of SPACE compared to SPACE + VIBE was assessed by using McNemar's test. Significance was set at p < 0.05. Cohen's kappa was used for inter-method and inter-observer variability. RESULTS No significant difference was found between the two methods, with SPACE having a Se > 93% and a Sp > 87%. No effect of readers' experience was disclosed. CONCLUSION Independently of radiologist's experience, SPACE alone is robust enough to replace SPACE + VIBE for brain metastases detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophia Chkili
- Department of Radiology, Institut Jules Bordet, 90 Rue Meylemeersch, 1070, Brussels, Belgium.
| | - Yolène Lefebvre
- Department of Radiology, Institut Jules Bordet, 90 Rue Meylemeersch, 1070, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Shih-Li Chao
- Department of Radiology, Institut Jules Bordet, 90 Rue Meylemeersch, 1070, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Maria Antonietta Bali
- Department of Radiology, Institut Jules Bordet, 90 Rue Meylemeersch, 1070, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Marc Lemort
- Department of Radiology, Institut Jules Bordet, 90 Rue Meylemeersch, 1070, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Nicolas Coquelet
- Department of Radiology, Institut Jules Bordet, 90 Rue Meylemeersch, 1070, Brussels, Belgium
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9
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Benjamin C, Gurewitz J, Nakamura A, Mureb M, Mullen R, Pacione D, Silverman J, Kondziolka D. Up-front single-session radiosurgery for large brain metastases-volumetric responses and outcomes. Acta Neurochir (Wien) 2023; 165:1365-1378. [PMID: 36702970 DOI: 10.1007/s00701-023-05491-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2020] [Accepted: 01/01/2023] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Patients presenting with large brain metastases (LBM) pose a management challenge to the multidisciplinary neuro-oncologic team. Treatment options include surgery, whole-brain or large-field radiation therapy (WBRT), stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS), or a combination of these. OBJECTIVE To determine if corticosteroid therapy followed by SRS allows for efficient minimally invasive care in patients with LBMs not compromised by mass effect. METHODS We analyzed the change in tumor volume to determine the efficacy of single-session SRS in the treatment of LBM in comparison to other treatment modalities. Twenty-nine patients with systemic cancer and brain metastasis (≥ 2.7 cm in greatest diameter) who underwent single-session SRS were included. RESULTS Among 29 patients, 69% of patients had either lung, melanoma, or breast cancer. The median initial tumor size (maximal diameter) was 32 mm (range 28-43), and the median initial tumor volume was 9.56 cm3 (range 1.56-25.31). The median margin dose was 16 Gy (range 12-18). The average percent decrease in tumor volume compared to pre-SRS volume was 55% on imaging at 1-2 months, 58% at 3-5 months, 64% at 6-8 months, and 57% at > 8 months. There were no adverse events immediately following SRS. Median corticosteroid use after SRS was 21 days. Median survival after radiosurgery was 15 months. CONCLUSION Initial high-dose corticosteroid therapy followed by prompt single-stage SRS is a safe and efficacious method to manage patients with LBMs (defined as ≥ 2.7 cm).
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Benjamin
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Miami Health System, 1095 N.W. 14Th Terrace, 2Nd Floor, Miami, FL, 33136, USA.
| | - Jason Gurewitz
- Department of Radiation Oncology, NYU Langone Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Aya Nakamura
- Department of Neurosurgery, NYU Langone Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Monica Mureb
- Department of Neurosurgery, NYU Langone Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Reed Mullen
- Department of Neurosurgery, NYU Langone Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Donato Pacione
- Department of Neurosurgery, NYU Langone Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Joshua Silverman
- Department of Radiation Oncology, NYU Langone Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Douglas Kondziolka
- Department of Neurosurgery, NYU Langone Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
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10
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Bankole NDA, Melhaoui A, Arkha Y, Semmar A, Bouyakhlef K, Jiddane M, El Khamlichi A. Outcomes of single brain metastasis treated with gamma knife stereotaxic radiosurgery(GKSR). Our experience on 103 cases. IBRO Neurosci Rep 2023; 14:138-145. [PMID: 36819774 PMCID: PMC9931898 DOI: 10.1016/j.ibneur.2023.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2022] [Accepted: 01/25/2023] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Brain metastases (BM) occur in the natural course of malignant tumors in 18-40% of cases. Their management has changed considerably over the past decade thanks to the advent of Gamma knife Stereotactic Radiosurgery (GKSR). Objective We report our experience on Single Brain metastasis treated with (GKSR). Methods Patients treated by Gamma Knife stereotaxic radiosurgery (GKSR) in our institution between 2009 and 2021 for Single BM were recorded retrospectively. Results A total of 103 patients (n = 52; 50.5% females) were included, with a mean age of 56.33 ± 11.33. Breast (n = 39, 37.9%) and lung (n = 36, 35%) were the common original location for the primary tumors. GKSR alone without prior surgery, radiotherapy, or chemotherapy was achieved in 81.5% (n = 84). Thirteen patients (15.1%) progressed in BM volume while finding the appearance of de novo BM in 5 (5.8%) patients. The median percentage of tumor control after radiosurgery treatment was 70% (IQR: 65-78) and only 26.2% (n = 27) of patients had > 80% tumor control and stability over the median follow-up time of 5 (95% CI, 4-6) months. We found only two cases of radionecrosis (1.9%). The median survival time was 5.21 (IQR, 3-8) months. Retreatment, recursive partitioning analysis (RPA) class, and tumor stability influenced the overall survival of BM respectively (Hazard Ratio adjust (HRa)= 5.610,p = 0.045; HRa= 6.133,p = 0.031; HRa= 22.463, p = 0.036). Conclusion Stereotaxic Radiosurgery provides good results in terms of Overall survival with fewer neurocognitive disorders.RPA class and tumor control (stability) influenced the overall survival of single BM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nourou Dine Adeniran Bankole
- Gamma Knife Radiosurgery Unit, National Center for Rehabilitation and Neuroscience, Ibn Sina University Hospital, Rabat, Morocco,Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Mohamed V University of Rabat, Morocco,Corresponding author at: Gamma Knife Radiosurgery Unit, National Center for Rehabilitation and Neuroscience, Ibn Sina University Hospital, Rabat, Morocco.
| | - Adyl Melhaoui
- Gamma Knife Radiosurgery Unit, National Center for Rehabilitation and Neuroscience, Ibn Sina University Hospital, Rabat, Morocco,Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Mohamed V University of Rabat, Morocco
| | - Yasser Arkha
- Gamma Knife Radiosurgery Unit, National Center for Rehabilitation and Neuroscience, Ibn Sina University Hospital, Rabat, Morocco,Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Mohamed V University of Rabat, Morocco
| | - Afaf Semmar
- Gamma Knife Radiosurgery Unit, National Center for Rehabilitation and Neuroscience, Ibn Sina University Hospital, Rabat, Morocco,Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Mohamed V University of Rabat, Morocco
| | - Khalid Bouyakhlef
- Gamma Knife Radiosurgery Unit, National Center for Rehabilitation and Neuroscience, Ibn Sina University Hospital, Rabat, Morocco,Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Mohamed V University of Rabat, Morocco
| | - Mohamed Jiddane
- Gamma Knife Radiosurgery Unit, National Center for Rehabilitation and Neuroscience, Ibn Sina University Hospital, Rabat, Morocco,Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Mohamed V University of Rabat, Morocco
| | - Abdeslam El Khamlichi
- Gamma Knife Radiosurgery Unit, National Center for Rehabilitation and Neuroscience, Ibn Sina University Hospital, Rabat, Morocco,Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Mohamed V University of Rabat, Morocco
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11
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Gong X, Ding J, Knisely JPS, Wang E, Pan L, Wang B, Zhang N, Wu H, Dai J, Yu T, Tang X. Dose-staged Gamma Knife radiosurgery for meningiomas: A retrospective study in a single center. Front Neurol 2022; 13:893480. [PMID: 36313491 PMCID: PMC9606413 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2022.893480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
ObjectiveThis study aimed to study the efficiency and safety of a dose-staged Gamma Knife radiosurgery strategy for large meningiomas or meningiomas close to important nerve structures.MethodsThis study evaluates the outcome of a prospectively accrued series of 71 consecutive patients with meningiomas treated with staged dose-fractionated Gamma Knife radiosurgery. The average peripheral doses for the first and second fractions were 9.0 ± 0.9 Gy (8–12 Gy) and 8.6 ± 0.7 Gy (range, 7–10 Gy), respectively. The interval between fractions was 6.1 ± 1.9 months (range, 3–12 months). The median follow-up time was 36 months (12–96 months).ResultsDuring the follow-up period after the second fraction, 97.2% achieved tumor control in our series. A total of 2 patients exhibited local recurrence at 30 and 60 months after the second fraction, respectively. No treatment-related complications or new long-term neurological dysfunctions were reported. MRIs observed slightly or moderately increased peritumoral edema in six patients, but no specific neurological complaints are attributed to this finding.ConclusionThis study investigates the efficiency and safety of dose-staged Gamma Knife radiosurgery as an alternative option for meningiomas that were large in volume, adjacent to crucial structures, or in patients with contraindications to craniotomy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiu Gong
- Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jianbo Ding
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shanghai Gamma Hospital, Shanghai, China
- Department of Neurosurgery, Gamma Knife Center of Huashan Hospital, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Jianbo Ding
| | - Jonathan P. S. Knisely
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Weill Cornell Medicine and New York-Presbyterian Hospital, New York, NY, United States
| | - Enmin Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Li Pan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Binjiang Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Nan Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hanfeng Wu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shanghai Gamma Hospital, Shanghai, China
- Department of Neurosurgery, Gamma Knife Center of Huashan Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiazhong Dai
- Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Tonggang Yu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shanghai Gamma Hospital, Shanghai, China
- Department of Neurosurgery, Gamma Knife Center of Huashan Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Xuqun Tang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shanghai Gamma Hospital, Shanghai, China
- Department of Neurosurgery, Gamma Knife Center of Huashan Hospital, Shanghai, China
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12
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Moon HC, Park YS. Volume prediction for large brain metastases after hypofractionated gamma knife radiosurgery through artificial neural network. Medicine (Baltimore) 2022; 101:e30964. [PMID: 36221403 PMCID: PMC9542824 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000030964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The effectiveness of single-session gamma knife radiosurgery (GKRS) for small metastatic brain tumors has been proven, but hypofractionated GKRS (hfGKRS) for large brain metastases (BM) from the linear quadratic (LQ) model is uncertain. The purpose of this study was to investigate volume changes large BM after hfGKRS from the LQ model and predict volume changes using artificial neural network (ANN). We retrospectively investigated the clinical findings of 28 patients who underwent hfGKRS with large BM (diameter >3 cm or volume >10 cc). A total of 44 tumors were extracted from 28 patients with features. We randomly divided 30 large brain tumors as training set and 14 large brain tumors as test set. To predict the volume changes after hfGKRS, we used ANN models (single-layer perceptron (SLP) and multi-layer perceptron (MLP)). The volume reduction was 96% after hfGKRS for large BM from the LQ model. ANN model predicted volume changes with 70% and 80% accuracy for SLP and MLP, respectively. Even in large BM, hfGKRS from the LQ model could be a good treatment option. Additionally, the MLP model could predict volume changes with 80% accuracy after hfGKRS for large BM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyeong Cheol Moon
- Department of Neurosurgery, Gamma Knife Icon Center, Chungbuk National University Hospital, Cheongju, Cheongju, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Seok Park
- Department of Neurosurgery, Gamma Knife Icon Center, Chungbuk National University Hospital, Cheongju, Cheongju, Republic of Korea
- Department of Medical Neuroscience, College of Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Republic of Korea
- Department of Neurosurgery, College of Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Republic of Korea
- *Correspondence: Young Seok Park, Department of Neurosurgery and Medical Neuroscience, College of Medicine, Chungbuk National University, 776, 1 Sunhwan-ro, Gaesin-dong, Sewon-gu, Cheongju, Republic of Korea (e-mail address: )
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13
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Yomo S, Yako T, Kitazawa K, Oguchi K. Staged radiosurgery alone versus postoperative cavity radiosurgery for patients with midsize-to-large brain metastases: a propensity score matching analysis. J Neurosurg 2022; 137:555-562. [PMID: 34920421 DOI: 10.3171/2021.9.jns211797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The authors investigated and compared the results of staged stereotactic radiosurgery (S-SRS) alone and those of postoperative cavity SRS (C-SRS) for patients with midsize-to-large brain metastases (BMs). METHODS Patients with BMs who had undergone S-SRS or C-SRS during the period from 2010 to 2020 were retrospectively identified from an institutional database. The two treatment groups were generated by propensity score matching (PSM; match ratio 2:1) based on 13 potential prognostic covariates: sex, age, Karnofsky Performance Status, type of primary cancer, timing of BM diagnosis, extracranial disease status, driver mutations, molecular target therapy, neurological symptoms, number of BMs, location of BMs treated with S-SRS or C-SRS, maximal tumor or cavity volume, and cumulative intracranial tumor volume. Patient survival and control of intracranial disease were compared between the S-SRS and C-SRS groups using time-dependent analyses taking into account competing events. RESULTS In total, 110 patients in the S-SRS group and 62 in the C-SRS group were selected by PSM. In the S-SRS group, the median interval between the two radiosurgical sessions was 21 days, and the median total prescription dose was 28 Gy at 50%. In the C-SRS group, the median time from surgery to C-SRS was 16 days, and the median prescription dose delivered to the surgical cavity was 15 Gy at 55%. At the time point of data set fixation, 129 patients had died, 43 were alive, and none had been lost to follow-up. The 2-year survival rates for the S-SRS and C-SRS groups after the initial intervention were 33% and 37% and the median survival times were 14.8 and 17.5 months, respectively (p = 0.33). The 2-year cumulative neurological mortality rates were 11% and 9%, respectively (p = 0.65). The 2-year local failure rates were 32% and 12% (p = 0.036) and the 2-year distant recurrence rates were 55% and 58%, respectively (p = 0.53). The 2-year leptomeningeal disease development rates were 9% and 25%, respectively (p = 0.007). CONCLUSIONS The present study revealed no significant difference in overall survival or cumulative neurological mortality between the S-SRS and C-SRS groups. The local control failure rate was significantly higher in the S-SRS group, whereas the incidence of leptomeningeal disease development was significantly higher in the C-SRS group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shoji Yomo
- 1Division of Radiation Oncology, Aizawa Comprehensive Cancer Center, Aizawa Hospital
| | | | | | - Kazuhiro Oguchi
- 3Positron Imaging Center, Aizawa Hospital, Matsumoto City, Nagano Prefecture, Japan
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14
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Cho A, Medvedeva K, Kranawetter B, Untersteiner H, Hirschmann D, Lepilina O, Baulin A, Buschmann M, Ertl A, Marik W, Dorfer C, Rössler K, Gatterbauer B, Ilyalov S, Frischer JM. How to dose-stage large or high-risk brain metastases: an alternative two-fraction radiosurgical treatment approach. J Neurosurg 2022; 137:1666-1675. [DOI: 10.3171/2022.2.jns212440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2021] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE
The authors sought to evaluate clinical outcome in patients with large, high-risk brain metastases (BMs) treated with different dose strategies by use of two-fraction dose-staged Gamma Knife radiosurgery (GKRS).
METHODS
A retrospective analysis was performed with data from 142 patients from two centers who had been treated with two-fraction dose-staged GKRS between June 2015 and January 2020. Depending on the changes in marginal dose between the first (GKRS1) and second (GKRS2) GKRS treatments, the study population was divided into three treatment groups: dose escalation, dose maintenance, and dose de-escalation.
RESULTS
The 142 study patients underwent two-fraction dose-staged GKRS treatments for 166 large, high-risk BMs. The median tumor volume of 7.4 cm3 decreased significantly from GKRS1 to GKRS2 (4.4 cm3; p < 0.001), and to the last follow-up (1.8 cm3; p < 0.001). These significant differences in BM volume reduction were achieved in all three treatment groups. However, differences according to the primary tumor histology were apparent: while dose maintenance seemed to be the most effective treatment strategy for BMs from lung cancer or melanoma, dose escalation was the most beneficial treatment option for BMs from breast, gastrointestinal, or genitourinary cancer. Of note, the vast majority of patients who underwent dose-staged BM treatment did not show any significant postradiosurgical complications.
CONCLUSIONS
In patients with large, high-risk BMs, dose-staged GKRS treatment represents an effective local treatment method with acceptable complication risks. Different dose-strategy options are available that may be chosen according to the primary tumor histology and treatment volume but may also be tailored to the findings at GKRS2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Cho
- Department of Neurosurgery, Medical University of Vienna, Austria
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Martin Buschmann
- Department of Neurosurgery, Medical University of Vienna, Austria
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Medical University of Vienna; and
| | - Adolf Ertl
- Department of Neurosurgery, Medical University of Vienna, Austria
| | - Wolfgang Marik
- Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-guided Therapy, Division of Neuroradiology and Musculoskeletal Radiology, Medical University of Vienna, Austria
| | - Christian Dorfer
- Department of Neurosurgery, Medical University of Vienna, Austria
| | - Karl Rössler
- Department of Neurosurgery, Medical University of Vienna, Austria
| | | | | | - Josa M. Frischer
- Department of Neurosurgery, Medical University of Vienna, Austria
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15
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Metastatic Neoplasm Volume Kinetics Following Two-Staged Stereotactic Radiosurgery. World Neurosurg 2022; 161:e210-e219. [PMID: 35123024 DOI: 10.1016/j.wneu.2022.01.109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2021] [Revised: 01/24/2022] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Multisession staged stereotactic radiosurgery (2-SSRS) represents an alternative approach for management of large brain metastases (LBMs), with potential advantages over fractionated SRS. We investigated the clinical efficacy and safety of 2-SSRS in patients with LBMs. METHODS LBMs patients treated with 2-SSRS between 2014-2020 were evaluated. Demographic, clinical, and radiologic information was obtained. Volumetric measurements at first SSRS, second SSRS, and follow-up imaging studies were obtained. Characteristics that might predict response to 2-SSRS were evaluated through Fischer-exact or Mann-Whitney U test. RESULTS Twenty-four patients with 26 LBMs were included in the study. Median marginal doses for first and second SSRS were 15 Gy (14-18 Gy) and 15 Gy (12-16 Gy), respectively. Median tumor volumes at first SSRS, second SSRS, and 3-month follow-up were 8.1 cm3 (1.5-28.5 cm3), 3.3 cm3 (0.8-26.1 cm3), and 2.2 cm3 (0.2-10.1 cm3), respectively. Overall, 24/26 lesions (92%) demonstrated early local control following the first SSRS with 17 lesions (71%) demonstrating a decrease of >30% in the T1 post-contrast MRI volume before the second SSRS and 3 lesions (12%) remaining stable. Eventually, four lesions showed disease progression after 2-SSRS. The median time to local progression was not reached and the median time to intracranial progression was 9.1 months. CONCLUSIONS Our study supports the effectiveness and safety of 2-SSRS as a treatment modality for patients with large, symptomatic brain metastases, especially in poor surgical candidates. The local failure rate and low occurrence of adverse effects are comparable to other staged radiosurgery studies.
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16
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Ganz JC. Cerebral metastases. PROGRESS IN BRAIN RESEARCH 2022; 268:229-258. [PMID: 35074082 DOI: 10.1016/bs.pbr.2021.10.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Brain metastases are common and deadly. Over the last 25 years GKNS has been established as an invaluable treatment. It may be used as a primary treatment or after either surgery or WBRT. Patients are assessed using one of a number of available scales. GKNS may be repeated for new metastases and for unresponsive tumors. Prescription doses are usually between 18 and 20Gy. The use of advanced MR techniques to highlight sensitive structures like the hippocampi have extended the efficacy of the treatment. More recently GKNS has been used with different target therapies with improved results. More recently frameless treatments have become more popular in this group of very sick patients. GKNS controls tumors in between 80% and over 95% of cases and may even be used for brainstem tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeremy C Ganz
- Department of Neurosurgery, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway.
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17
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Ganz JC. Radiobiology. PROGRESS IN BRAIN RESEARCH 2022; 268:23-48. [PMID: 35074083 DOI: 10.1016/bs.pbr.2021.10.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
New understandings of the biology of radiosurgery are considered. Differences from the radiobiology of fractionated radiotherapy are outlined. It is noted DNA damage alone is insufficient to account for the tissue changes which occur. Changes in blood vessels and immunological mechanisms are also involved. Tissue repair is more rapid than previously thought so that dose rate (the rate of delivery of radiation to the tissues) has been seen to be more important. The value of fractionation is examined. The effect of radiosurgery on normal brain (so called functional radiosurgery) is considered. The desired effects may be achieved by a focal stable destruction of brain from a high radiation dose. They may also be achieved using a lower dose which acts through the mechanism known as radiosurgical neuromodulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeremy C Ganz
- Department of Neurosurgery, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway.
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18
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Yomo S, Oda K, Oguchi K. Safety and efficacy of upfront stereotactic radiosurgery for brain metastases with high cumulative intracranial tumor volume (> 7 ml): analysis of 233 consecutive patients. Acta Neurochir (Wien) 2021; 163:991-1001. [PMID: 33398539 DOI: 10.1007/s00701-020-04658-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The cumulative intracranial tumor volume (CITV) has recently been suggested to be a more relevant predictive factor for patients with brain metastases (BM) treated with stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS). We aimed to investigate the feasibility of upfront SRS for patients with BM having a high CITV, i.e., exceeding 7 ml. METHODS Two hundred thirty-three consecutive patients with BM having a CITV > 7 ml who underwent SRS as first-line treatment from 2011 to 2019 were retrospectively identified. The overall survival (OS) and intracranial disease control rates were analyzed. Multivariate proportional hazards models were used to identify prognostic factors associated with treatment outcome. Toxicity and salvage therapy were also investigated. RESULTS The median OS was 8.7 months (95% confidence interval: 7.1-10.4), and 6-month and 1-year OS rates were 60 and 40%, respectively. Systemic anticancer therapy (hazard ratio (HR): 0.45, p < 0.001), female sex (HR: 0.61, p = 0.001), synchronous SRS (HR: 0.57, p = 0.003), number of BM (HR: 1.04, p = 0.008), controlled extracranial disease (HR: 0.56, p = 0.009), Karnofsky performance status (HR: 0.87, p = 0.015), and staged SRS (HR: 0.71, p = 0.037) were found to be factors independently associated with OS. Post-SRS toxicities of CTCAE grades 3, 4, and 5 were observed in 14, 5, and 1 patient, respectively. As salvage management, repeat SRS, whole brain radiotherapy, and surgical resection were required for 84, 16, and 10 patients, respectively, CONCLUSIONS: With vigilant surveillance and appropriate salvage management, upfront SRS alone can be considered as a relatively safe and effective treatment strategy even for BM with CITV > 7 ml.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shoji Yomo
- Division of Radiation Oncology, Aizawa Comprehensive Cancer Center, Aizawa Hospital, 2-5-1, Honjo, Matsumoto City, Nagano Prefecture, 390-0814, Japan.
| | - Kyota Oda
- Division of Radiation Oncology, Aizawa Comprehensive Cancer Center, Aizawa Hospital, 2-5-1, Honjo, Matsumoto City, Nagano Prefecture, 390-0814, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Oguchi
- Positron Imaging Center, Aizawa Hospital, Matsumoto City, Nagano Prefecture, Japan
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19
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Samanci Y, Sisman U, Altintas A, Sarioglu S, Sharifi S, Atasoy Aİ, Bolukbasi Y, Peker S. Hypofractionated frameless gamma knife radiosurgery for large metastatic brain tumors. Clin Exp Metastasis 2021; 38:31-46. [PMID: 33389335 DOI: 10.1007/s10585-020-10068-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2020] [Accepted: 11/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Hypofractionated stereotactic radiosurgery has become an alternative for metastatic brain tumors (METs). We aimed to analyze the efficacy and safety of frameless hypofractionated Gamma Knife radiosurgery (hfGKRS) in the management of unresected, large METs. All patients who were managed with hfGKRS for unresected, large METs (> 4 cm3) between June 2017 and June 2020 at a single center were reviewed in this retrospective study. Local control (LC), progression-free survival (PFS), overall survival (OS), and toxicities were investigated. A total of 58 patients and 76 METs with regular follow-up were analyzed. LC rate was 98.5% at six months, 96.0% at one year, and 90.6% at 2 years during a median follow-up of 12 months (range, 2-37). The log-rank test indicated no difference in the distribution of LC for any clinical or treatment variable. PFS was 86.7% at 6 months, 66.6% at 1 year, and 58.5% at 2 years. OS was 81% at 6 months, 63.6% at one year, and 50.7% at 2 years. On the log-rank test, clinical parameters such as control status of primary cancer, presence of extracranial metastases, RTOG-RPA class, GPA group, and ds-GPA group were significantly associated with PFS and OS. Patients presented with grade 1 (19.0%), grade 2 (3.5%) and grade 3 (5.2%) side effects. Radiation necrosis was not observed in any patients. Our current results suggest that frameless hfGKRS for unresected, large METs is a rational alternative in selected patients with promising results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yavuz Samanci
- Department of Neurosurgery, Koç University Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Uluman Sisman
- School of Medicine, Koç University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | | | | | | | - Ali İhsan Atasoy
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Koç University Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Yasemin Bolukbasi
- Department of Radiation Oncology, School of Medicine, Koç University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Selcuk Peker
- Department of Neurosurgery, School of Medicine, Koç University, Davutpasa Caddesi No:4, 34010, Zeytinburnu/İstanbul, Turkey.
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Abstract
The development of brain metastases occurs in 10–20% of all patients with cancer. Brain metastases portend poor survival and contribute to increased cancer mortality and morbidity. Despite multimodal treatment options, which include surgery, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy, 5-year survival remains low. Besides, our current treatment modalities can have significant neurological comorbidities, which result in neurocognitive decline and a decrease in a patient’s quality of life. However, innovations in technology, improved understanding of tumor biology, and new therapeutic options have led to improved patient care. Novel approaches in radiotherapy are minimizing the neurocognitive decline while providing the same therapeutic benefit. In addition, advances in targeted therapies and immune checkpoint inhibitors are redefining the management of lung and melanoma brain metastases. Similar approaches to brain metastases from other primary tumors promise to lead to new and effective therapies. We are beginning to understand the appropriate combination of these novel approaches with our traditional treatment options. As advances in basic and translational science and innovative technologies enter clinical practice, the prognosis of patients with brain metastases will continue to improve.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam Lauko
- Burkhardt Brain Tumor and Neuro-Oncology Center, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Yasmeen Rauf
- Burkhardt Brain Tumor and Neuro-Oncology Center, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Manmeet S Ahluwalia
- Burkhardt Brain Tumor and Neuro-Oncology Center, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
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21
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Matsuda R, Tamamoto T, Sugimoto T, Hontsu S, Yamaki K, Miura S, Takeshima Y, Tamura K, Yamada S, Nishimura F, Nakagawa I, Motoyama Y, Park YS, Nakase H, Hasegawa M. Linac-based fractionated stereotactic radiotherapy with a micro-multileaf collimator for large brain metastasis unsuitable for surgical resection. JOURNAL OF RADIATION RESEARCH 2020; 61:546-553. [PMID: 32548618 PMCID: PMC7336818 DOI: 10.1093/jrr/rraa038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2020] [Revised: 04/27/2020] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to assess clinical outcomes using linac-based, fractionated, stereotactic radiotherapy (fSRT) with a micro-multileaf collimator for large brain metastasis (LBM) unsuitable for surgical resection. Between January 2009 and October 2018 we treated 21 patients with LBM using linac-based fSRT. LBM was defined as a tumor with ≥30 mm maximal diameter in gadolinium-enhanced magnetic resonance images. LBMs originated from the lung (n = 17, 81%), ovary (n = 2, 9.5%), rectum (n = 1, 4.8%) and esophagus (n = 1, 4.8%). The median pretreatment Karnofsky performance status was 50 (range: 50-80). Recursive partition analysis (RPA) was as follows: Classes 2 and 3 were 7 and 14 patients, respectively. The median follow-up was 5 months (range: 1-86 months). The range of tumor volume was 8.7-26.5 cm3 (median: 17.1 cm3). All patients were basically treated with 35Gy in 5 fractions, except in three cases. The progression-free survival was 3.0 months. The median survival time was 7.0 months. There was no permanent radiation injury in any of the patients. Radiation-caused central nervous system necrosis, according to the Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events version 4.0, occurred in one patient (grade 3). One patients received bevacizumab for radiation necrosis. Two patients underwent additional surgical resection due to local progression and cyst formation. For patients with LBM unsuitable for surgical resection, linac-based fSRT is a promising therapeutic alternative.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryosuke Matsuda
- Department of Neurosurgery, Nara Medical University, 840 Shijo-cho, Kashihara, Nara 634-8522, Japan
| | - Tetsuro Tamamoto
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Nara Medical University, 840 Shijo-cho, Kashihara, Nara 634-8522, Japan
- Corresponding author. Department of Radiation Oncology, Nara Medical University, 840 Shijo-cho, Kashihara, Nara 634-8522, Japan. Tel: +81-744-22-3051; Fax: +81-744-29-0818;
| | - Tadashi Sugimoto
- Department of Neurosurgery, Osaka General Medical Center, 3-1-56 Mandaihigashi, Sumiyoshi-ku, Osaka, Osaka 558-8558, Japan
| | - Shigeto Hontsu
- Department of Respiratory medicine, Nara Medical University, 840 Shijo-cho, Kashihara, Nara 634-8522, Japan
| | - Kaori Yamaki
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Nara Medical University, 840 Shijo-cho, Kashihara, Nara 634-8522, Japan
| | - Sachiko Miura
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Nara Medical University, 840 Shijo-cho, Kashihara, Nara 634-8522, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Takeshima
- Department of Neurosurgery, Nara Medical University, 840 Shijo-cho, Kashihara, Nara 634-8522, Japan
| | - Kentaro Tamura
- Department of Neurosurgery, Nara Medical University, 840 Shijo-cho, Kashihara, Nara 634-8522, Japan
| | - Shuichi Yamada
- Department of Neurosurgery, Nara Medical University, 840 Shijo-cho, Kashihara, Nara 634-8522, Japan
| | - Fumihiko Nishimura
- Department of Neurosurgery, Nara Medical University, 840 Shijo-cho, Kashihara, Nara 634-8522, Japan
| | - Ichiro Nakagawa
- Department of Neurosurgery, Nara Medical University, 840 Shijo-cho, Kashihara, Nara 634-8522, Japan
| | - Yasushi Motoyama
- Department of Neurosurgery, Nara Medical University, 840 Shijo-cho, Kashihara, Nara 634-8522, Japan
| | - Young-Su Park
- Department of Neurosurgery, Nara Medical University, 840 Shijo-cho, Kashihara, Nara 634-8522, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Nakase
- Department of Neurosurgery, Nara Medical University, 840 Shijo-cho, Kashihara, Nara 634-8522, Japan
| | - Masatoshi Hasegawa
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Nara Medical University, 840 Shijo-cho, Kashihara, Nara 634-8522, Japan
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22
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Khattab MH, Sherry AD, Manzoor N, Totten DJ, Luo G, Chambless LB, Rivas A, Haynes DS, Cmelak AJ, Attia A. Progressive Vestibular Schwannoma following Subtotal or Near-Total Resection: Dose-Escalated versus Standard-Dose Salvage Stereotactic Radiosurgery. J Neurol Surg B Skull Base 2020; 82:e9-e14. [PMID: 34306912 DOI: 10.1055/s-0040-1712462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2019] [Accepted: 03/19/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Local failure of incompletely resected vestibular schwannoma (VS) following salvage stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) using standard doses of 12 to 13 Gy is common. We hypothesized that dose-escalated SRS, corrected for biologically effective dose, would have superior local control of high-grade VS progressing after subtotal or near-total resection compared with standard-dose SRS. Design Retrospective cohort study. Setting Tertiary academic referral center. Participants Adult patients treated with linear accelerator-based SRS for progressive VS following subtotal or near-total resection. Main Outcome Measures Dose-escalated SRS was defined by a biologically effective dose exceeding a single-fraction 13-Gy regimen. Study outcomes were local control and neurologic sequelae of SRS. Binary logistic regression was used to evaluate predictors of study outcomes. Results A total of 18 patients with progressive disease following subtotal (71%) and near-total (39%) resection of Koos grade IV disease (94%) were enrolled. Of the 18 patients, 7 were treated with dose-escalated SRS and 11 with standard-dose SRS. Over a median follow-up of 32 months after SRS, local control was 100% in the dose-escalated cohort and 91% in the standard-dose cohort ( p = 0.95). Neurologic sequelae occurred in 28% of patients, including 60% of dose-escalated cohort and 40% of the standard-dose cohort ( p = 0.12), although permanent neurologic sequelae were low at 6%. Conclusions Dose-escalated SRS has similar local control of recurrent VS following progression after subtotal or near-total resection and does not appear to have higher neurologic sequalae. Larger studies are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed H Khattab
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, United States
| | - Alexander D Sherry
- Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, United States
| | - Nauman Manzoor
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, United States
| | - Douglas J Totten
- Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, United States
| | - Guozhen Luo
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, United States
| | - Lola B Chambless
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, United States
| | - Alejandro Rivas
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, United States
| | - David S Haynes
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, United States
| | - Anthony J Cmelak
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, United States
| | - Albert Attia
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, United States.,Department of Neurological Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, United States
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23
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Lovo EE, Barahona KC, Campos F, Caceros V, Tobar C, Reyes WA. Two-Session Radiosurgery for Large Primary Tumors Affecting the Brain. Cureus 2020; 12:e7850. [PMID: 32483501 PMCID: PMC7255071 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.7850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2020] [Accepted: 04/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Surgery is an option for patients with large, symptomatic primary tumors affecting the brain. However, surgery might not be suitable for all tumors, especially those located in sensitive areas such as the pineal region and the hypothalamus. Single-session stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) might not provide an adequate dose for long-term local control due to the initial tumor volume and the involvement of radiation sensitive organs at risk (OARs). Two-session radiosurgery has been described as a feasible strategy for dose escalation in large secondary brain tumors. This report describes a series of patients treated upfront with two-session radiosurgery for primary tumors affecting the brain. Materials and methods From May 2017 to January 2020, eight patients with primary tumors affecting the brain were treated with two-session radiosurgery due to either an initial large tumor volume or tumor localization and the involvement of OARs. The response was assessed by imaging and clinical evaluations. Results A total of eight patients were treated, nine tumors were treated with two-session radiosurgery, four patients had tumors in the pineal region (50%), and the rest were in the hypothalamic region (25%) or elsewhere. The mean tumor volume for the first SRS session was 15 mL (range 5.2 to 51.6 mL), the mean prescription dose was 13 Gy, and the timespan between both sessions was 30 days (range, 30 to 42 days). During the second session, tumor volume was reduced to 73.6% (range, -20% to 98.7%) of the original dimension, mean tumor volume was 5 mL (range, 0.1 to 17.8 ml), mean prescription dose for the second session was 16.2 Gy estimated by time, dose, and fractionation and by bioequivalent dose under alpha-beta values often to be equivalent to a single dose of 15.8 Gy. Doses to the OARs for the optic pathway were equivalent to a single maximum dose of 9.75 Gy (range, 7.12 to 10.92), and to the brainstem, the equivalent was a maximum dose of 12.3 Gy (range, 5.6 to 15.07). At last follow-up, at a mean of 336.5 days (range, 65 to 962 days), seven patients were alive, five tumors had a partial response (PR), and three had stable disease in accordance to Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors (RECIST) criteria. One patient died 435 days after treatment, the Karnofsky Performance Status (KPS) was 90 at the first session, 90 at the second session, and was maintained at last follow-up. No adverse radiation effects were reported. Conclusions Two-stage SRS proved to be a safe method to escalate dose in proportionately large volume primary brain tumors whose histology is expected to have a quick biological response to radiation. Longer follow-up is needed to determine the long-term effectiveness by tumor subtypes of two-stage SRS in the same manner as it has been proven in single session SRS series in smaller tumor volumes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo E Lovo
- Radiosurgery, International Cancer Center, Diagnostic Hospital, San Salvador, SLV
| | - Kaory C Barahona
- Radiation Oncology, International Cancer Center, Diagnostic Hospital, San Salvador, SLV
| | - Fidel Campos
- Radiosurgery, International Cancer Center, Diagnostic Hospital, San Salvador, SLV
| | - Victor Caceros
- Radiosurgery, International Cancer Center, Diagnostic Hospital, San Salvador, SLV
| | - Carlos Tobar
- Radiation Oncology, International Cancer Center, San Salvador, SLV
| | - William A Reyes
- Radiosurgery, International Cancer Center, Diagnostic Hospital, San Salvador, SLV
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24
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Abstract
Brain metastases are a very common manifestation of cancer that have historically been approached as a single disease entity given the uniform association with poor clinical outcomes. Fortunately, our understanding of the biology and molecular underpinnings of brain metastases has greatly improved, resulting in more sophisticated prognostic models and multiple patient-related and disease-specific treatment paradigms. In addition, the therapeutic armamentarium has expanded from whole-brain radiotherapy and surgery to include stereotactic radiosurgery, targeted therapies and immunotherapies, which are often used sequentially or in combination. Advances in neuroimaging have provided additional opportunities to accurately screen for intracranial disease at initial cancer diagnosis, target intracranial lesions with precision during treatment and help differentiate the effects of treatment from disease progression by incorporating functional imaging. Given the numerous available treatment options for patients with brain metastases, a multidisciplinary approach is strongly recommended to personalize the treatment of each patient in an effort to improve the therapeutic ratio. Given the ongoing controversies regarding the optimal sequencing of the available and expanding treatment options for patients with brain metastases, enrolment in clinical trials is essential to advance our understanding of this complex and common disease. In this Review, we describe the key features of diagnosis, risk stratification and modern paradigms in the treatment and management of patients with brain metastases and provide speculation on future research directions.
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25
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Ito D, Aoyagi K, Nagano O, Serizawa T, Iwadate Y, Higuchi Y. Comparison of two-stage Gamma Knife radiosurgery outcomes for large brain metastases among primary cancers. J Neurooncol 2020; 147:237-246. [PMID: 32026433 DOI: 10.1007/s11060-020-03421-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2019] [Accepted: 01/31/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) is typically considered for patients who cannot undergo surgical resection for large (> 10 cm3) brain metastases (BMs). Staged SRS requires adaptive planning during each stage of the irradiation period for improved tumor control and reduced radiation damage. However, there has been no study on the tumor reduction rates of this method. We evaluated the outcomes of two-stage SRS across multiple primary cancer types. METHODS We analyzed 178 patients with 182 large BMs initially treated with two-stage SRS. The primary cancers included breast (BC), non-small cell lung (NSCLC), and gastrointestinal tract cancers (GIC). We analyzed the overall survival (OS), neurological death, systemic death (SD), tumor progression (TP), tumor recurrence (TR), radiation necrosis (RN), and the tumor reduction rate during both stages. RESULTS The median survival time after the first Gamma Knife surgery (GKS) procedure was 6.6 months. Compared with patients with BC and NSCLC, patients with GIC had shorter OS and a higher incidence of SD. Compared with patients with NSCLC and GIC, patients with BC had significantly higher tumor reduction rates in both sessions. TP rates were similar among primary cancer types. There was no association of the tumor reduction rate with tumor control. The overall cumulative incidence of RN was 4.2%; further, the RN rates were similar among primary cancer types. CONCLUSIONS Two-stage SRS should be considered for BC and NSCLC if surgical resection is not indicated. For BMs from GIC, staged SRS should be carefully considered and adapted to each unique case given its lower tumor reduction rate and shorter OS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daisuke Ito
- Gamma Knife House, Chiba Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, 575 Tsurumai, Ichihara, Chiba, 2900512, Japan.
| | - Kyoko Aoyagi
- Gamma Knife House, Chiba Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, 575 Tsurumai, Ichihara, Chiba, 2900512, Japan
| | - Osamu Nagano
- Gamma Knife House, Chiba Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, 575 Tsurumai, Ichihara, Chiba, 2900512, Japan
| | - Toru Serizawa
- Tokyo Gamma Unit Center, Tsukiji Neurological Clinic, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yasuo Iwadate
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba, Japan
| | - Yoshinori Higuchi
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba, Japan
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26
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Ginalis EE, Cui T, Weiner J, Nie K, Danish S. Two-staged stereotactic radiosurgery for the treatment of large brain metastases: Single institution experience and review of literature. JOURNAL OF RADIOSURGERY AND SBRT 2020; 7:105-114. [PMID: 33282464 PMCID: PMC7717093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2020] [Accepted: 06/02/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Introduction: Two-staged stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) has been shown as an effective treatment for brain metastases that are too large for single fraction SRS. Methods: Patients with large brain metastases (>4 cm3) treated with two-staged SRS from January 2017 to December 2019 at our institution were retrospectively identified. Results: There were 23 brain metastases treated. The normal brain volume receiving equivalent 12Gy-in-single-fraction was defined as V12E. The V12E for original single-fraction GKS plan (mean of 41.4 cm3, range 5.6-146.1 cm3) was significantly higher compared to that of the second stage (mean of 23.7 cm3, range 2.8-92.7 cm3). The median tumor volume measured at the second stage (4.30 cm3) was reduced by an average of 52.2% compared to the first stage (9.58 cm3). Three patients (27.3%) showed local tumor progression in 4 tumors (20%). The median time to progression was 152 days. Conclusions: Two-staged SRS is an effective treatment technique for large brain metastasis that results in significant reduction of tumor volume at the second stage SRS. Optimal treatment dose has not yet been defined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth E Ginalis
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Rutgers-Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - Taoran Cui
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Rutgers-Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - Joseph Weiner
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Rutgers-Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - Ke Nie
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Rutgers-Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - Shabbar Danish
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Rutgers-Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
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27
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Khattab MH, Sherry AD, Cmelak AJ, Attia A. In Reply: A Retrospective Cohort Study of Longitudinal Audiologic Assessment in Single and Fractionated Stereotactic Radiosurgery for Vestibular Schwannoma. Neurosurgery 2019; 85:E1127-E1129. [PMID: 31529045 DOI: 10.1093/neuros/nyz373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed H Khattab
- Department of Radiation Oncology Vanderbilt University Medical Center Nashville, Tennessee
| | | | - Anthony J Cmelak
- Department of Radiation Oncology Vanderbilt University Medical Center Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Albert Attia
- Department of Radiation Oncology Vanderbilt University Medical Center Nashville, Tennessee.,Department of Neurological Surgery Vanderbilt University Medical Center Nashville, Tennessee
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28
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Yomo S, Oda K, Oguchi K. Single- versus 2-session Gamma Knife surgery for symptomatic midsize brain metastases: a propensity score-matched analysis. J Neurosurg 2019; 133:1646-1654. [PMID: 31628290 DOI: 10.3171/2019.7.jns191193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2019] [Accepted: 07/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Two-session Gamma Knife surgery (GKS) has recently been demonstrated to be an effective and less-invasive alternative for large brain metastases not treatable by microsurgical resection. This raises the clinical question of whether the 2-session GKS strategy further improves treatment outcomes for patients with symptomatic midsize brain metastases (2-10 cm3) as compared to single-session GKS. The present study aimed to compare the local therapeutic effects and toxicities of single-session and 2-session GKS for treating these lesions. METHODS Patients with focal neurological deficits attributable to midsize brain metastases who underwent upfront GKS during the period from 2010 to 2018 were retrospectively identified from an institutional database. Patients for whom both post-GKS imaging studies and neurological evaluations from outpatient visits were available were eligible. Using propensity score-matching (PSM) analysis, unique matched pairs which had a similar likelihood of receiving 2-session GKS were generated. The main outcome measure was a composite of imaging and/or neurological worsening of the lesion of interest. Functional improvement and overall survival (OS) were also compared between the 2 treatment arms. RESULTS In total, 219 cancer patients with 252 symptomatic midsize brain metastases were eligible. Of these 252 tumors, 176 and 76 were treated with single- and 2-session GKS, respectively. After PSM, 68 pairs of tumors were obtained. The Gray test showed that 2-session GKS achieved a longer local progression-free interval than single-session GKS (1-year local control rate: 84% vs 53%; HR 0.31, 95% CI 0.16-0.63, p = 0.001). Two-session GKS was also associated with greater functional improvement in KPS scores (mean 18.3 ± 14.6 vs 12.8 ± 14.1, p = 0.040). The median OS did not differ significantly between single- and 2-session GKS (15.6 vs 24.7 months; HR 0.69, 95% CI 0.44-1.10, p = 0.11). CONCLUSIONS Two-session GKS achieved more durable local tumor control and greater functional improvement than single-session GKS for patients with symptomatic midsize brain metastases, although there was no OS advantage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shoji Yomo
- 1Division of Radiation Oncology, Aizawa Comprehensive Cancer Center and
| | - Kyota Oda
- 1Division of Radiation Oncology, Aizawa Comprehensive Cancer Center and
| | - Kazuhiro Oguchi
- 2Positron Imaging Center, Aizawa Hospital, Matsumoto City, Nagano Prefecture, Japan
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Chao ST, De Salles A, Hayashi M, Levivier M, Ma L, Martinez R, Paddick I, Régis J, Ryu S, Slotman BJ, Sahgal A. Stereotactic Radiosurgery in the Management of Limited (1-4) Brain Metasteses: Systematic Review and International Stereotactic Radiosurgery Society Practice Guideline. Neurosurgery 2019; 83:345-353. [PMID: 29126142 DOI: 10.1093/neuros/nyx522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2017] [Accepted: 09/19/2017] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Guidelines regarding stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) for brain metastases are missing recently published evidence. OBJECTIVE To conduct a systematic review and provide an objective summary of publications regarding SRS in managing patients with 1 to 4 brain metastases. METHODS Using Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines, a systematic review was conducted using PubMed and Medline up to November 2016. A separate search was conducted for SRS for larger brain metastases. RESULTS Twenty-seven prospective studies, critical reviews, meta-analyses, and published consensus guidelines were reviewed. Four key points came from these studies. First, there is no detriment to survival by withholding whole brain radiation (WBRT) in the upfront management of brain metastases with SRS. Second, while SRS on its own provides a high rate of local control (LC), WBRT may provide further increase in LC. Next, WBRT does provide distant brain control with less need for salvage therapy. Finally, the addition of WBRT does affect neurocognitive function and quality of life more than SRS alone. For larger brain metastases, surgical resection should be considered, especially when factoring lower LC with single-session radiosurgery. There is emerging data showing good LC and/or decreased toxicity with multisession radiosurgery. CONCLUSION A number of well-conducted prospective and meta-analyses studies demonstrate good LC, without compromising survival, using SRS alone for patients with a limited number of brain metastases. Some also demonstrated less impact on neurocognitive function with SRS alone. Practice guidelines were developed using these data with International Stereotactic Radiosurgery Society consensus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel T Chao
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Rose Ella Burkhardt Brain Tumor and Neurooncology Center, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Antonio De Salles
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California.,HCor Neuroscience, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Motohiro Hayashi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Marc Levivier
- Neurosurgery Service and Gamma Knife Center, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Lijun Ma
- Division Physics, Department of Radiation Oncology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Roberto Martinez
- Department Neurosurgery, Ruber International Hospital, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ian Paddick
- Division Physics, National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, London, UK
| | - Jean Régis
- Department of Functional Neurosurgery, Timone University Hospital, Aix-Marseille University, Marseille, France
| | - Samuel Ryu
- Department of Radiation Oncology and Neurosurgery, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York
| | - Ben J Slotman
- Department of Radiation Oncology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Arjun Sahgal
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Toronto, Sunnybrook Odette Cancer Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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30
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Yamamoto M, Higuchi Y, Serizawa T, Kawabe T, Nagano O, Sato Y, Koiso T, Watanabe S, Aiyama H, Kasuya H. Three-stage Gamma Knife treatment for metastatic brain tumors larger than 10 cm3: a 2-institute study including re-analyses of earlier results using competing risk analysis. J Neurosurg 2019; 129:77-85. [PMID: 30544297 DOI: 10.3171/2018.7.gks181392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2018] [Accepted: 07/11/2018] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVEThe results of 3-stage Gamma Knife treatment (3-st-GK-Tx) for relatively large brain metastases have previously been reported for a series of patients in Chiba, Japan (referred to in this study as the C-series). In the current study, the authors reappraised, using a competing risk analysis, the efficacy and safety of 3-st-GK-Tx by comparing their experience with that of the C-series.METHODSThis was a retrospective cohort study. Among 1767 patients undergoing GK radiosurgery for brain metastases at Mito Gamma House during the 2005-2015 period, 78 (34 female, 44 male; mean age 65 years, range 35-86 years) whose largest tumor was > 10 cm3, treated with 3-st-GK-Tx, were studied (referred to in this study as the M-series). The target volumes were covered with a 50% isodose gradient and irradiated with a peripheral dose of 10 Gy at each procedure. The interval between procedures was 2 weeks. Because competing risk analysis had not been employed in the published C-series, the authors reanalyzed the previously published data using this method.RESULTSThe overall median survival time after 3-st-GK-Tx was 8.3 months (95% CI 5.6-12.0 months) in the M-series and 8.6 months (95% CI 5.5-10.6 months) in the C-series (p = 0.41). Actuarial survival rates at the 6th and 12th post-3-st-GK-Tx months were, respectively, 55.1% and 35.2% in the M-series and 62.5% and 26.4% in the C-series (HR 1.175, 95% CI 0.790-1.728, p = 0.42). Cumulative incidences at the 12th post-3-st-GK-Tx, determined by competing risk analyses, of neurological deterioration (14.2% in C-series vs 12.8% in M-series), neurological death (7.2% vs 7.7%), local recurrence (4.8% vs 6.2%), repeat SRS (25.9% vs 18.0%), and SRS-related complications (2.3% vs 5.1%) did not differ significantly between the 2 series.CONCLUSIONSThere were no significant differences in post-3-st-GK-Tx results between the 2 series in terms of overall survival times, neurological death, maintained neurological status, local control, repeat SRS, and SRS-related complications. The previously published results (C-series) are considered to be validated by the M-series results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masaaki Yamamoto
- 1Katsuta Hospital Mito Gamma House, Hitachi-naka, Ibaraki.,2Department of Neurosurgery, Tokyo Women's Medical University Medical Center East, Tokyo
| | - Yoshinori Higuchi
- 3Department of Neurological Surgery, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba
| | - Toru Serizawa
- 3Department of Neurological Surgery, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba.,4Tokyo Gamma Unit Center, Tsukiji Neurological Clinic, Tokyo
| | - Takuya Kawabe
- 5Department of Neurosurgery, Rakusai Shimizu Hospital, Kyoto
| | - Osamu Nagano
- 6Gamma Knife House, Chiba Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Ichihara
| | - Yasunori Sato
- 7Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo; and
| | - Takao Koiso
- 1Katsuta Hospital Mito Gamma House, Hitachi-naka, Ibaraki.,8Department of Neurosurgery, Faculty of Medicine, and
| | - Shinya Watanabe
- 1Katsuta Hospital Mito Gamma House, Hitachi-naka, Ibaraki.,9Tsukuba Clinical Research and Development Organization, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Aiyama
- 1Katsuta Hospital Mito Gamma House, Hitachi-naka, Ibaraki.,8Department of Neurosurgery, Faculty of Medicine, and
| | - Hidetoshi Kasuya
- 2Department of Neurosurgery, Tokyo Women's Medical University Medical Center East, Tokyo
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Jeon C, Cho KR, Choi JW, Kong DS, Seol HJ, Nam DH, Lee JI. Outcome of three-fraction gamma knife radiosurgery for brain metastases according to fractionation scheme: preliminary results. J Neurooncol 2019; 145:65-74. [PMID: 31446529 DOI: 10.1007/s11060-019-03267-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2019] [Accepted: 08/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The optimal interfraction intervals for fractionated radiosurgery has yet to be established. We investigated the outcome of fractionated gamma knife radiosurgery (FGKRS) for large brain metastases (BMs) according to different interfraction intervals. METHODS Between September 2016 and May 2018, a total of 45 patients who underwent FGKRS for BMs were enrolled in this study. They were divided into two groups (standard fractionation over 3 consecutive days with a 24-h interfraction interval versus prolonged fractionation over 4 or 5 days with an interfraction interval of at least 48-h). BMs with ≥ 2 cm in maximum diameter or ≥ 5 cm3 in volume were included in analysis. RESULTS Among 52 BMs treated with 3-fraction GKRS, 25 (48.1%) were treated with standard fractionation scheme, and 27 (51.9%) with prolonged fractionation scheme. The median follow-up period was 10.5 months (range 5-25). Local tumor control rates of the standard group were 88.9% at 6 months and 77.8% at 12 months, whereas those of the prolonged group were 100% at 6 and 12 months (p = 0.023, log-rank test). In multivariate analysis, fractionation scheme (hazard ratio [HR] 0.294, 95% CI 0.099-0.873; p = 0.027) and tumor volume (HR 0.200, 95% CI 0.051-0.781; p = 0.021) were revealed as the only significant factors affecting the local tumor control after 3-fraction GKRS. CONCLUSIONS Our preliminary tumor control results suggest a promising role of 3-fraction GKRS with an interfraction interval of at least 48-h. This fractionation regimen could be an effective and safe treatment option in the management of large BMs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiman Jeon
- Department of Neurosurgery, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, 81 Irwon-ro, Gangnam-gu, Seoul, 06351, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung Rae Cho
- Department of Neurosurgery, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, 81 Irwon-ro, Gangnam-gu, Seoul, 06351, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung Won Choi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, 81 Irwon-ro, Gangnam-gu, Seoul, 06351, Republic of Korea
| | - Doo-Sik Kong
- Department of Neurosurgery, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, 81 Irwon-ro, Gangnam-gu, Seoul, 06351, Republic of Korea
| | - Ho Jun Seol
- Department of Neurosurgery, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, 81 Irwon-ro, Gangnam-gu, Seoul, 06351, Republic of Korea
| | - Do-Hyun Nam
- Department of Neurosurgery, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, 81 Irwon-ro, Gangnam-gu, Seoul, 06351, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung-Il Lee
- Department of Neurosurgery, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, 81 Irwon-ro, Gangnam-gu, Seoul, 06351, Republic of Korea.
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Lovo EE, Torres LB, Campos FJ, Caceros VE, Barahona KE, Minervini MH, Reyes WA. Two-session Radiosurgery as Initial Treatment for Newly Diagnosed Large, Symptomatic Brain Metastases from Breast and Lung Histology. Cureus 2019; 11:e5472. [PMID: 31485386 PMCID: PMC6710487 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.5472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Surgery is considered the treatment of choice for patients with large, symptomatic brain metastases. This report describes a series of patients treated with upfront two-session radiosurgery rather than surgery for large brain metastases from breast and lung histology. Methods From October 2016 to January 2019, 10 consecutive patients with neurologic symptoms from large brain metastases producing mass effects underwent two sessions of radiosurgical treatments 30 days apart. The response was assessed by imaging and clinical evaluations. Results Ten patients had a total of 36 tumors; of these, 22 lesions with a mean volume of 12.3 ml (range, 7-78.4 ml) underwent two-session radiosurgery. The mean prescription dose for the first treatment was 13 Gy (range, 9-18 Gy) to the 50% isodose line, and the intratumoral mean dose was 17.9 Gy (12-22.9). All 10 patients had neurological symptoms, with a mean Karnofsky physical score (KPS) of 60 (range, 50-70) on the day of treatment. None of these patients required neurosurgical or emergency consultation related to worsening of neurological symptoms between the first and second treatments. At 30 days, the mean KPS was 80 and maintained at 80 at the last follow-up (range, 60-100; P=0.002), and mean lesion volume was 4.1 ml (range, 1.3-70 ml). The mean prescription dose for the second treatment was 12 Gy (range, 9-18 Gy) to the 50% isodose line, and the intratumoral mean dose was 17.9 Gy (11-22.4). The mean overall survival was 24 months (range, 3-32 months). At last follow-up, three patients (30%) had died, two of systemic progression and one of tumor progression, and at one year, local tumor control was 91% and 19 (86%) lesions showed documented local control at last follow up. In those tumors that progressed, the mean time to progression was eight months (range, 5-20 months), and the mean time to surgery was nine months (range, 5-32 months). Conclusion Two-session radiosurgery proved to be a safe treatment for patients with large, symptomatic metastases in this series. Neurological worsening after radiosurgery for large lesions of breast and lung histology may be an infrequent event. This strategy in radiosurgery may have neurological benefits for these patients providing adequate local tumor control while reducing the need of upfront surgery at diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo E Lovo
- Radiosurgery, International Cancer Center, Diagnostic Hospital, San Salvador, SLV
| | - Leonel B Torres
- Nerosurgery, International Cancer Center, Diagnostic Hospital, San Salvador, SLV
| | - Fidel J Campos
- Radiosurgery, International Cancer Center, Diagnostic Hospital, San Salvador, SLV
| | - Victor E Caceros
- Radiosurgery, International Cancer Center, Diagnostic Hospital, San Salvador, SLV
| | - Kaory E Barahona
- Radiation Oncology, International Cancer Center, Diagnostic Hospital, San Salvador, SLV
| | - Mario H Minervini
- Radiosurgery, International Cancer Center, Diagnostic Hospital, San Salvador, SLV
| | - William A Reyes
- Radiosurgery, International Cancer Center, Diagnostic Hospital, San Salvador, SLV
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Serizawa T, Higuchi Y, Yamamoto M, Matsunaga S, Nagano O, Sato Y, Aoyagi K, Yomo S, Koiso T, Hasegawa T, Nakazaki K, Moriki A, Kondoh T, Nagatomo Y, Okamoto H, Kohda Y, Kawai H, Shidoh S, Shibazaki T, Onoue S, Kenai H, Inoue A, Mori H. Comparison of treatment results between 3- and 2-stage Gamma Knife radiosurgery for large brain metastases: a retrospective multi-institutional study. J Neurosurg 2019; 131:227-237. [PMID: 30192195 DOI: 10.3171/2018.4.jns172596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2017] [Accepted: 04/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE In order to obtain better local tumor control for large (i.e., > 3 cm in diameter or > 10 cm3 in volume) brain metastases (BMs), 3-stage and 2-stage Gamma Knife surgery (GKS) procedures, rather than a palliative dose of stereotactic radiosurgery, have been proposed. Here, authors conducted a retrospective multi-institutional study to compare treatment results between 3-stage and 2-stage GKS for large BMs. METHODS This retrospective multi-institutional study involved 335 patients from 19 Gamma Knife facilities in Japan. Major inclusion criteria were 1) newly diagnosed BMs, 2) largest tumor volume of 10.0-33.5 cm3, 3) cumulative intracranial tumor volume ≤ 50 cm3, 4) no leptomeningeal dissemination, 5) no more than 10 tumors, and 6) Karnofsky Performance Status 70% or better. Prescription doses were restricted to between 9.0 and 11.0 Gy in 3-stage GKS and between 11.8 and 14.2 Gy in 2-stage GKS. The total treatment interval had to be within 6 weeks, with at least 12 days between procedures. There were 114 cases in the 3-stage group and 221 in the 2-stage group. Because of the disproportion in patient numbers and the pre-GKS clinical factors between these two GKS groups, a case-matched study was performed using the propensity score matching method. Ultimately, 212 patients (106 from each group) were selected for the case-matched study. Overall survival, tumor progression, neurological death, and radiation-related adverse events were analyzed. RESULTS In the case-matched cohort, post-GKS median survival time tended to be longer in the 3-stage group (15.9 months) than in the 2-stage group (11.7 months), but the difference was not statistically significant (p = 0.65). The cumulative incidences of tumor progression (21.6% vs 16.7% at 1 year, p = 0.31), neurological death (5.1% vs 6.0% at 1 year, p = 0.58), or serious radiation-related adverse events (3.0% vs 4.0% at 1 year, p = 0.49) did not differ significantly. CONCLUSIONS This retrospective multi-institutional study showed no differences between 3-stage and 2-stage GKS in terms of overall survival, tumor progression, neurological death, and radiation-related adverse events. Both 3-stage and 2-stage GKS performed according to the aforementioned protocols are good treatment options in selected patients with large BMs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toru Serizawa
- 1Tokyo Gamma Unit Center, Tsukiji Neurological Clinic, Tokyo
| | | | | | - Shigeo Matsunaga
- 4Stereotactic Radiotherapy Center, Yokohama Rosai Hospital, Yokohama
| | - Osamu Nagano
- 5Gamma Knife House, Chiba Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Ichihara
| | - Yasunori Sato
- 6Global Clinical Research, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba
| | - Kyoko Aoyagi
- 5Gamma Knife House, Chiba Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Ichihara
| | - Shoji Yomo
- 7Division of Radiation Oncology, Aizawa Comprehensive Cancer Center, Aizawa Hospital, Matsumoto
| | - Takao Koiso
- 3Katsuta Hospital Mito GammaHouse, Hitachi-naka
| | | | - Kiyoshi Nakazaki
- 9Department of Neurosurgery, Brain Attack Center, Ota Memorial Hospital, Fukuyama
| | | | - Takeshi Kondoh
- 11Department of Neurosurgery, Shinsuma General Hospital, Kobe
| | | | - Hisayo Okamoto
- 13Department of Neurosurgery, Takashima Hospital, Yonago
| | - Yukihiko Kohda
- 14Department of Neurosurgery, Asanogawa General Hospital, Kanazawa
| | - Hideya Kawai
- 15Department of Surgical Neurology, Research Institute for Brain and Blood Vessels, Akita
| | - Satoka Shidoh
- 16Department of Neurosurgery, Institute of Brain and Blood Vessels, Mihara Memorial Hospital, Isesaki
| | | | - Shinji Onoue
- 18Department of Neurosurgery, Ehime Prefectural Central Hospital, Matsuyama
| | - Hiroyuki Kenai
- 19Department of Neurosurgery, Nagatomi Neurosurgical Hospital, Oita
| | - Akira Inoue
- 20Department of Neurosurgery, Yamagata Prefectural Central Hospital, Yamagata; and
| | - Hisae Mori
- 21Department of Neurosurgery, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Suita, Japan
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Park K, Kim JW, Chung HT, Paek SH, Kim DG. Single-Session versus Multisession Gamma Knife Radiosurgery for Large Brain Metastases from Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer: A Retrospective Analysis. Stereotact Funct Neurosurg 2019; 97:94-100. [PMID: 31117101 DOI: 10.1159/000496154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2018] [Accepted: 12/09/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate the efficacy of Gamma Knife radiosurgery (GKS) in patients with large brain metastases by comparing single-session radiosurgery (S-GKS) and multisession radiosurgery (M-GKS), we retrospectively analyzed the clinical outcomes of patients who underwent GKS for brain metastases from non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). MATERIALS AND METHODS Between January 2010 and December 2016, 66 patients with 74 lesions ≥10 cm3 from large brain metastases from only NSCLC were included. Fifty-five patients with 60 lesions were treated with S-GKS; 11 patients with 14 lesions were treated with M-GKS. Median doses were 16 Gy (range, 11-18 Gy) for the S-GKS group and 8 Gy (range, 7-10 Gy) in three fractions for the M-GKS group. RESULTS With a mean follow-up period of 13.1 months (range, 1.3-76.4 months), the median survival duration was 21.1 months for all patients. Median tumor volume was 14.3 cm3 (range, 10.0-58.3 cm3). The local control rate was 77.0% and the progression-free survival rate was 73.6% at the last follow-up. There were no significant between-group differences in terms of local control rate (p = 0.10). Compared with S-GKS, M-GKS did not differ significantly in radiation-induced complications (38.1 vs. 45.4%, p =0.83). While 8 patients who underwent S-GKS experienced major complications of grade ≥3, no toxicity was observed in patients treated with M-GKS. CONCLUSIONS M-GKS may be an effective alternative for large brain metastases from NSCLC. Specifically, severe radiation-induced toxicity (≥grade 3) did not occur in M-GKS for large-volume metastases. Although the long-term effects and results from larger samples remain unclear, M-GKS may be a suitable palliative treatment for preserving neurological function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kawngwoo Park
- Department of Neurosurgery, Gachon University Gil Medical Center, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Wook Kim
- Department of Neurosurgery, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea,
| | - Hyun-Tai Chung
- Department of Neurosurgery, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun Ha Paek
- Department of Neurosurgery, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Gyu Kim
- Department of Neurosurgery, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Bi N, Ma Y, Xiao J, Zhang H, Xu Y, Tian Y, Li J, Zhang Y, Liu Q, Wang K, Deng L, Wang W, Chen X, Liu F, Zhao R, Yang S, Huang X, Yi J, Hu C, Li Y. A Phase II Trial of Concurrent Temozolomide and Hypofractionated Stereotactic Radiotherapy for Complex Brain Metastases. Oncologist 2019; 24:e914-e920. [PMID: 30996008 DOI: 10.1634/theoncologist.2018-0702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2018] [Accepted: 02/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Complex brain metastases (BMs), such as large lesions, lesions within or close to eloquent locations, or multiple recurrent/progressive BMs, remain the most challenging forms of brain cancer because of decreased intracranial control rates and poor survival. In the present study, we report the results from a single institutional phase II trial of concurrent temozolomide (TMZ) with hypofractionated stereotactic radiotherapy (HFSRT) in patients with complex brain metastases, including assessment of its feasibility and toxicity. PATIENTS AND METHODS Fifty-four patients with histologically proven primary cancer and complex BMs were enrolled between 2010 and 2015. All the patients were treated with concurrent HFSRT and TMZ (administrated orally at a dosage of 75 mg/m2 per day for at least 20 days). The primary endpoint was overall survival (OS). RESULTS The median follow-up time was 30.6 months. The local control rates at 1 and 2 years were 96% and 82%, respectively. The median OS was 17.4 months (95% confidence interval [CI], 12.6-22.2), and the OS rates at 1 and 2 years were 65% (95% CI, 52%-78%) and 33% (19%-47%). Only six patients (15.8%) died of intracranial disease. The median brain metastasis-specific survival was 46.9 months (95% CI, 35.5-58.4). Treatment-related grade 3-4 adverse events were rare and included one grade 3 hematological toxicity and two grade 3 liver dysfunctions. CONCLUSION Treatment using HFSRT concurrent with TMZ was well tolerated and could significantly extend OS compared with historical controls in complex BMs. Large randomized clinical trials are warranted. Trial registration ID: NCT02654106. IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE The treatment using hypofractionated stereotactic radiotherapy concurrent with temozolomide appeared to be safe and could significantly extend overall survival compared with historical control in complex brain metastases. Large randomized clinical trials are warranted to verify our results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Bi
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuchao Ma
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianping Xiao
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongmei Zhang
- Department of Radiology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yingjie Xu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuan Tian
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Junling Li
- Medical Oncology, National Cancer Center/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Ye Zhang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Qingfeng Liu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Kai Wang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Lei Deng
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenqing Wang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuesong Chen
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Feng Liu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Ruizhi Zhao
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Siran Yang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaodong Huang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Junlin Yi
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Chen Hu
- Division of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Yexiong Li
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, People's Republic of China
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Effect of Switching Systemic Treatment After Stereotactic Radiosurgery for Oligoprogressive, Metastatic Renal Cell Carcinoma. Clin Genitourin Cancer 2018; 16:413-419.e1. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clgc.2018.07.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2018] [Revised: 07/17/2018] [Accepted: 07/18/2018] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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Tailored Treatment Options for Patients with Brain Metastases by a Relocatable Frame System with Gamma Knife Radiosurgery. World Neurosurg 2018; 119:e338-e348. [PMID: 30059780 DOI: 10.1016/j.wneu.2018.07.157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2018] [Revised: 07/16/2018] [Accepted: 07/18/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To report on our experience with the Elekta Extend system, a relocatable frame system used in patients with brain metastases for single-session, hypofractionated, or staged hypofractionated Gamma Knife radiosurgery (GKRS); and the evaluation of its efficacy. METHODS From March 2014 to September 2016, 856 patients with brain metastases underwent GKRS at our hospital. Of them, 35 patients who were retrospectively investigated, were selected for treatment with GKRS using the relocatable frame system. Individualized treatment strategy was chosen according to prior treatment history, number, size and location of tumor, or tumor harboring gene mutation. RESULTS Thirty-two (91.4%) patients underwent treatment with hypofractionated GKRS or staged hypofractionated GKRS, whereas 3 (8.6%) patients underwent single session GKRS. The mean radial setup difference from the reference measurements was 0.50 ± 0.16 mm. The median follow-up time after GKRS with the Extend system was 12 months (range, 1-45 months). The median overall survival time was 12 months (95% confidence interval 6.43-17.57). On multivariable analysis, performance status and extracranial metastases were independently prognostic factors for overall survival. Radiation necrosis developed in 4 cases (11.4%) during the follow-up period (2 with common terminology criteria for adverse events grade 2 and 2 with its grade 3). CONCLUSIONS The relocatable frame system can maintain submillimetric accuracy and provide tailored treatment option with reasonable tumor control and good survival benefits in selected patients with brain metastases. Especially, hypofractionated GKRS or staged hypofractionated GKRS with noninvasive frame is a safe and effective treatment option for large brain metastases or tumor adjacent to eloquent structures.
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Higuchi Y, Yamamoto M, Serizawa T, Aiyama H, Sato Y, Barfod BE. Modern management for brain metastasis patients using stereotactic radiosurgery: literature review and the authors' gamma knife treatment experiences. Cancer Manag Res 2018; 10:1889-1899. [PMID: 30013395 PMCID: PMC6038887 DOI: 10.2147/cmar.s116718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Historically, whole brain radiotherapy was administered to most patients with brain metastases. However, over the past three decades, stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS), targeted at individual cranial lesions, has been accepted widely. In this study, based on the authors' experiences along with published data, recent trends in SRS for brain metastases are discussed. This article focuses on the following issues: 1) How many tumors can or should be treated with SRS? 2) Two-/three-staged SRS for relatively large tumors, 3) post- or preoperative SRS, and 4) repeat SRS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshinori Higuchi
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba, Japan
| | | | - Toru Serizawa
- Tokyo Gamma Unit Center, Tsukiji Neurological Clinic, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - Yasunori Sato
- Department of Global Clinical Research, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba, Japan
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Dohm A, McTyre ER, Okoukoni C, Henson A, Cramer CK, LeCompte MC, Ruiz J, Munley MT, Qasem S, Lo HW, Xing F, Watabe K, Laxton AW, Tatter SB, Chan MD. Staged Stereotactic Radiosurgery for Large Brain Metastases: Local Control and Clinical Outcomes of a One-Two Punch Technique. Neurosurgery 2018; 83:114-121. [PMID: 28973432 DOI: 10.1093/neuros/nyx355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2016] [Accepted: 06/11/2017] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Treatment options are limited for large, unresectable brain metastases. OBJECTIVE To report a single institution series of staged stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) that allows for tumor response between treatments in order to optimize the therapeutic ratio. METHODS Patients were treated with staged SRS separated by 1 mo with a median dose at first SRS of 15 Gy (range 10-21 Gy) and a median dose at second SRS of 14 Gy (range 10-18 Gy). Overall survival was evaluated using the Kaplan-Meier method. Cumulative incidences were estimated for neurological death, radiation necrosis, local failure (marginal or central), and distant brain failure. Absolute cumulative dose-volume histogram was created for each treated lesion. Logistic regression and competing risks regression were performed for each discrete dose received by a certain volume. RESULTS Thirty-three patients with 39 lesions were treated with staged radiosurgery. Overall survival at 6 and 12 mo was 65.0% and 60.0%, respectively. Cumulative incidence of local failure at 6 and 12 mo was 3.2% and 13.3%, respectively. Of the patients who received staged therapy, 4 of 33 experienced local failure. Radiation necrosis was seen in 4 of 39 lesions. Two of 33 patients experienced a Radiation Therapy Oncology Group toxicity grade > 2 (2 patients had grade 4 toxicities). Dosimetric analysis revealed that dose (Gy) received by volume of brain (ie, VDose(Gy)) was associated with radiation necrosis, including the range V44.5Gy to V87.8Gy. CONCLUSION Staged radiosurgery is a safe and effective option for large, unresectable brain metastases. Prospective studies are required to validate the findings in this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ammoren Dohm
- Department of Neurosurgery, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina
| | - Emory R McTyre
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina
| | - Catherine Okoukoni
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina
| | - Adrianna Henson
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina
| | - Christina K Cramer
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina
| | - Michael C LeCompte
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina
| | - Jimmy Ruiz
- Department of Medicine (Hematology and Oncology), Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina
| | - Michael T Munley
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina
| | - Shadi Qasem
- Department of Pathology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina
| | - Hui-Wen Lo
- Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina
| | - Fei Xing
- Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina
| | - Kounosuke Watabe
- Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina
| | - Adrian W Laxton
- Department of Neurosurgery, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina
| | - Stephen B Tatter
- Department of Neurosurgery, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina
| | - Michael D Chan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina
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40
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Serizawa T, Higuchi Y, Nagano O, Matsuda S, Aoyagi K, Ono J, Saeki N, Iwadate Y, Hirai T, Takemoto S, Shibamoto Y. Robustness of the neurological prognostic score in brain metastasis patients treated with Gamma Knife radiosurgery. J Neurosurg 2017; 127:1000-1006. [DOI: 10.3171/2016.8.jns16528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVEThe neurological prognostic score (NPS) was recently proposed as a means for predicting neurological outcomes, such as the preservation of neurological function and the prevention of neurological death, in brain metastasis patients treated with Gamma Knife radiosurgery (GKRS). NPS consists of 2 groups: Group A patients were expected to have better neurological outcomes, and Group B patients were expected to have poorer outcomes. NPS robustness was tested in various situations.METHODSIn total, 3040 patients with brain metastases that were treated with GKRS were analyzed. The cumulative incidence of the loss of neurological function independence (i.e., neurological deterioration) was estimated using competing risk analysis, and NPS was compared between Groups A and B by employing Gray's model. NPS was tested to determine if it can be applied to 5 cancer categories—non–small cell lung cancer, small cell lung cancer, gastrointestinal tract cancer, breast cancer, and other cancers—as well as if it can be incorporated into the 5 major grading systems: recursive partitioning analysis (RPA), score index for stereotactic radiosurgery (SIR), basic score for brain metastases (BSBM), graded prognostic assessment (GPA), and modified-RPA (M-RPA).RESULTSThere were 2263 patients in NPS Group A and 777 patients in Group B. Neurological deterioration was observed in 586 patients (19.2%). The cumulative incidences of neurological deterioration were 9.5% versus 21.0%, 14.1% versus 25.4%, and 17.6% versus 27.8% in NPS Groups A and B at 1, 2, and 5 years, respectively. Significant differences were detected between the NPS groups in all cancer categories. There were significant differences between NPS Groups A and B for all classes in terms of the BSBM, GPA, and M-RPA systems, but the differences failed to reach statistical significance in terms of RPA Class I and SIR Class 0 to 3.CONCLUSIONSThe NPS was verified as being highly applicable to all cancer categories and almost all classes for the 5 grading systems in terms of neurological function independence. This NPS system appears to be quite robust in various situations for brain metastasis patients treated with GKRS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toru Serizawa
- 1Tokyo Gamma Unit Center, Tsukiji Neurological Clinic, Tokyo
| | - Yoshinori Higuchi
- 2Department of Neurological Surgery, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba
| | - Osamu Nagano
- 3Gamma Knife House, Chiba Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Ichihara
| | - Shinji Matsuda
- 4Department of Neurology and Strokology, Chiba Central Medical Center, Chiba
| | - Kyoko Aoyagi
- 3Gamma Knife House, Chiba Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Ichihara
| | - Junichi Ono
- 3Gamma Knife House, Chiba Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Ichihara
| | - Naokatsu Saeki
- 2Department of Neurological Surgery, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba
| | - Yasuo Iwadate
- 2Department of Neurological Surgery, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba
| | - Tatsuo Hirai
- 5Heisei Gamma Unit Center, Fujieda Heisei Memorial Hospital, Fujieda; and
| | - Shinya Takemoto
- 6Department of Radiology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences and Medical School, Nagoya City University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Yuta Shibamoto
- 6Department of Radiology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences and Medical School, Nagoya City University, Nagoya, Japan
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Angelov L, Mohammadi AM, Bennett EE, Abbassy M, Elson P, Chao ST, Montgomery JS, Habboub G, Vogelbaum MA, Suh JH, Murphy ES, Ahluwalia MS, Nagel SJ, Barnett GH. Impact of 2-staged stereotactic radiosurgery for treatment of brain metastases ≥ 2 cm. J Neurosurg 2017; 129:366-382. [PMID: 28937324 DOI: 10.3171/2017.3.jns162532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) is the primary modality for treating brain metastases. However, effective radiosurgical control of brain metastases ≥ 2 cm in maximum diameter remains challenging and is associated with suboptimal local control (LC) rates of 37%-62% and an increased risk of treatment-related toxicity. To enhance LC while limiting adverse effects (AEs) of radiation in these patients, a dose-dense treatment regimen using 2-staged SRS (2-SSRS) was used. The objective of this study was to evaluate the efficacy and toxicity of this treatment strategy. METHODS Fifty-four patients (with 63 brain metastases ≥ 2 cm) treated with 2-SSRS were evaluated as part of an institutional review board-approved retrospective review. Volumetric measurements at first-stage stereotactic radiosurgery (first SSRS) and second-stage SRS (second SSRS) treatments and on follow-up imaging studies were determined. In addition to patient demographic data and tumor characteristics, the study evaluated 3 primary outcomes: 1) response at first follow-up MRI, 2) time to local progression (TTP), and 3) overall survival (OS) with 2-SSRS. Response was analyzed using methods for binary data, TTP was analyzed using competing-risks methods to account for patients who died without disease progression, and OS was analyzed using conventional time-to-event methods. When needed, analyses accounted for multiple lesions in the same patient. RESULTS Among 54 patients, 46 (85%) had 1 brain metastasis treated with 2-SSRS, 7 patients (13%) had 2 brain metastases concurrently treated with 2-SSRS, and 1 patient underwent 2-SSRS for 3 concurrent brain metastases ≥ 2 cm. The median age was 63 years (range 23-83 years), 23 patients (43%) had non-small cell lung cancer, and 14 patients (26%) had radioresistant tumors (renal or melanoma). The median doses at first and second SSRS were 15 Gy (range 12-18 Gy) and 15 Gy (range 12-15 Gy), respectively. The median duration between stages was 34 days, and median tumor volumes at the first and second SSRS were 10.5 cm3 (range 2.4-31.3 cm3) and 7.0 cm3 (range 1.0-29.7 cm3). Three-month follow-up imaging results were available for 43 lesions; the median volume was 4.0 cm3 (range 0.1-23.1 cm3). The median change in volume compared with baseline was a decrease of 54.9% (range -98.2% to 66.1%; p < 0.001). Overall, 9 lesions (14.3%) demonstrated local progression, with a median of 5.2 months (range 1.3-7.4 months), and 7 (11.1%) demonstrated AEs (6.4% Grade 1 and 2 toxicity; 4.8% Grade 3). The estimated cumulative incidence of local progression at 6 months was 12% ± 4%, corresponding to an LC rate of 88%. Shorter TTP was associated with greater tumor volume at baseline (p = 0.01) and smaller absolute (p = 0.006) and relative (p = 0.05) decreases in tumor volume from baseline to second SSRS. Estimated OS rates at 6 and 12 months were 65% ± 7% and 49% ± 8%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS 2-SSRS is an effective treatment modality that resulted in significant reduction of brain metastases ≥ 2 cm, with excellent 3-month (95%) and 6-month (88%) LC rates and an overall AE rate of 11%. Prospective studies with larger cohorts and longer follow-up are necessary to assess the durability and toxicities of 2-SSRS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lilyana Angelov
- 1Rose Ella Burkhardt Brain Tumor and Neuro-Oncology Center, Neurological Institute.,2Department of Neurosurgery, Neurological Institute
| | - Alireza M Mohammadi
- 1Rose Ella Burkhardt Brain Tumor and Neuro-Oncology Center, Neurological Institute.,2Department of Neurosurgery, Neurological Institute
| | | | - Mahmoud Abbassy
- 4Department of Neurosurgery, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Paul Elson
- 3Quantitative Health Sciences, Taussig Cancer Institute, and
| | - Samuel T Chao
- 1Rose Ella Burkhardt Brain Tumor and Neuro-Oncology Center, Neurological Institute.,5Department of Radiation Oncology, Taussig Cancer Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio; and
| | - Joshua S Montgomery
- 1Rose Ella Burkhardt Brain Tumor and Neuro-Oncology Center, Neurological Institute
| | | | - Michael A Vogelbaum
- 1Rose Ella Burkhardt Brain Tumor and Neuro-Oncology Center, Neurological Institute.,2Department of Neurosurgery, Neurological Institute
| | - John H Suh
- 1Rose Ella Burkhardt Brain Tumor and Neuro-Oncology Center, Neurological Institute.,5Department of Radiation Oncology, Taussig Cancer Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio; and
| | - Erin S Murphy
- 1Rose Ella Burkhardt Brain Tumor and Neuro-Oncology Center, Neurological Institute.,5Department of Radiation Oncology, Taussig Cancer Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio; and
| | - Manmeet S Ahluwalia
- 1Rose Ella Burkhardt Brain Tumor and Neuro-Oncology Center, Neurological Institute
| | - Sean J Nagel
- 2Department of Neurosurgery, Neurological Institute
| | - Gene H Barnett
- 1Rose Ella Burkhardt Brain Tumor and Neuro-Oncology Center, Neurological Institute.,2Department of Neurosurgery, Neurological Institute
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Shi Y, Sun Y, Yu J, Ding C, Ma Z, Wang Z, Wang D, Wang Z, Wang M, Wang Y, Lu Y, Ai B, Feng J, Liu Y, Liu X, Liu J, Wu G, Qu B, Li X, Li E, Li W, Song Y, Chen G, Chen Z, Chen J, Yu P, Wu N, Wu M, Xiao W, Xiao J, Zhang L, Zhang Y, Zhang Y, Zhang S, Song X, Luo R, Zhou C, Zhou Z, Zhao Q, Hu C, Hu Y, Nie L, Guo Q, Chang J, Huang C, Han B, Han X, Li G, Huang Y, Shi Y. [China Experts Consensus on the Diagnosis and Treatment of Brain Metastases of Lung Cancer (2017 version)]. ZHONGGUO FEI AI ZA ZHI = CHINESE JOURNAL OF LUNG CANCER 2017; 20:1-13. [PMID: 28103967 PMCID: PMC5973287 DOI: 10.3779/j.issn.1009-3419.2017.01.01] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuankai Shi
- National Cancer Center/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing Key Laboratory of Clinical Study on Anticancer Molecular Targeted Drugs, 100021 Beijing, China
| | - Yan Sun
- National Cancer Center/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing Key Laboratory of Clinical Study on Anticancer Molecular Targeted Drugs, 100021 Beijing, China
| | - Jinming Yu
- Shandong Province Cancer Hospital, 250117 Jinan, China
| | - Cuimin Ding
- The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, 050000 Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Zhiyong Ma
- Henan Province Cancer Hospital, 450008 Zhengzhou, China
| | - Ziping Wang
- Beijing Cancer Hospital, 100142 Beijing, China
| | - Dong Wang
- Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, 400042 Chongqing, China
| | - Zheng Wang
- National Center for Geriatric Medicine/Beijing Hospital, 100730 Beijing, China
| | - Mengzhao Wang
- Peking Union Medical College Hospital, 100730 Beijing, China
| | - Yan Wang
- National Cancer Center/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing Key Laboratory of Clinical Study on Anticancer Molecular Targeted Drugs, 100021 Beijing, China
| | - You Lu
- West China Hospital of Sichuan University, 610041 Chengdu, China
| | - Bin Ai
- National Center for Geriatric Medicine/Beijing Hospital, 100730 Beijing, China
| | - Jifeng Feng
- Jiangsu Cancer Hospital, 210009 Nanjing, China
| | - Yunpeng Liu
- The First Hospital of China Medical University, 110001 Shenyang, China
| | - Xiaoqing Liu
- The 307th Hospital of Chinese People's Liberation Army, 100071 Beijing, China
| | - Jiwei Liu
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, 116011 Dalian, China
| | - Gang Wu
- Huazhong University of Science and Technology Union Hospital, 430022 Wuhan, China
| | - Baolin Qu
- Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital, 100853 Beijing, China
| | - Xueji Li
- National Cancer Center/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, 100021 Beijing, China
| | - Enxiao Li
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi 'an Jiaotong University, 710061 Xi'an, China
| | - Wei Li
- The First Hospital of Jilin University, 130021 Changchun, China
| | - Yong Song
- Nanjing General Hospital, 210002 Nanjing, China
| | - Gongyan Chen
- Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, 150081 Harbin, China
| | - Zhengtang Chen
- Xinqiao Hospital of Third Military medical University, 400037 Chongqing, China
| | - Jun Chen
- The Second Hospital of Dalian Medical University, 116027 Dalian, China
| | - Ping Yu
- Sichuan Cancer Hospital, 610047 Chengdu, China
| | - Ning Wu
- National Cancer Center/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, 100021 Beijing, China
| | - Milu Wu
- Qinghai University Affiliated Cancer Hospital, 810000 Xining, China
| | - Wenhua Xiao
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital, 100048 Beijing, China
| | - Jianping Xiao
- National Cancer Center/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, 100021 Beijing, China
| | - Li Zhang
- Peking Union Medical College Hospital, 100730 Beijing, China
| | - Yang Zhang
- The Second Hospital of Dalian Medical University, 116027 Dalian, China
| | - Yiping Zhang
- Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, 310022 Hangzhou, China
| | - Shucai Zhang
- Beijing Chest Hospital, Capital Medical University, 101149 Beijing, China
| | - Xia Song
- Shanxi Province Cancer Hospital, 030013 Taiyuan, China
| | - Rongcheng Luo
- TCM-Integrated Cancer Center of Southern Medical University, 510315 Guangzhou, China
| | - Caicun Zhou
- Tongji University Affiliated Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, 200433 Shanghai, China
| | - Zongmei Zhou
- National Cancer Center/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, 100021 Beijing, China
| | - Qiong Zhao
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University, 310003 Hangzhou, China
| | - Chengping Hu
- Xiangya Hospital Central South University, 410008 Changsha, China
| | - Yi Hu
- Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital, 100853 Beijing, China
| | - Ligong Nie
- Peking University First Hospital, 100034 Beijing, China
| | - Qisen Guo
- The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, 050000 Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Jianhua Chang
- Fudan Universitay Shanghai Cancer Center, 200032 Shanghai, China
| | - Cheng Huang
- Fujian Cancer Hospital, 350014 Fuzhou, China
| | - Baohui Han
- Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, 200030 Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaohong Han
- National Cancer Center/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing Key Laboratory of Clinical Study on Anticancer Molecular Targeted Drugs, 100021 Beijing, China
| | - Gong Li
- General Hospital of Armed Police, 100039 Beijing, China
| | - Yu Huang
- National Cancer Center/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing Key Laboratory of Clinical Study on Anticancer Molecular Targeted Drugs, 100021 Beijing, China
| | - Youwu Shi
- National Cancer Center/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing Key Laboratory of Clinical Study on Anticancer Molecular Targeted Drugs, 100021 Beijing, China
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Multisession gamma knife surgery for large brain metastases. J Neurooncol 2016; 131:517-524. [DOI: 10.1007/s11060-016-2317-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2016] [Accepted: 11/06/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Miyakawa A, Shibamoto Y, Takemoto S, Serizawa T, Otsuka S, Hirai T. Fractionated stereotactic radiotherapy for metastatic brain tumors that recurred after gamma knife radiosurgery results in acceptable toxicity and favorable local control. Int J Clin Oncol 2016; 22:250-256. [DOI: 10.1007/s10147-016-1058-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2016] [Accepted: 10/25/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Fractionated Stereotactic Gamma Knife Radiosurgery for Large Brain Metastases: A Retrospective, Single Center Study. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0163304. [PMID: 27661613 PMCID: PMC5035085 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0163304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2016] [Accepted: 09/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) is widely used for brain metastases but has been relatively contraindicated for large lesions (>3 cm). In the present study, we analyzed the efficacy and toxicity of hypofractionated Gamma Knife radiosurgery to treat metastatic brain tumors for which surgical resection were not considered as the primary treatment option. METHODS AND MATERIALS Thirty-six patients, forty cases were treated with Gamma Knife-based fractionated SRS for three to four consecutive days with the same Leksell frame on their heads. The mean gross tumor volume was 18.3 cm³, and the median dose was 8 Gy at 50% isodose line with 3 fractions for three consecutive days (range, 5 to 11 Gy and 2 to 4 fractions for 2 to 4 consecutive days). Survival rates and prognostic factors were analyzed. RESULTS The overall survival rate at one and two years was 66.7 and 33.1%, respectively. The median survival time was 16.2 months, and the local control rate was 90%. RTOG toxicity grade 1 was observed in 3 (8.3%) patients, grade 2 in 1 (2.7%) patient and grade 3 in 1 (2.7%) patient respectively. Radiation necrosis was developed in 1 (2.7%) patient. KPS scores and control of primary disease resulted in significant differences in survival. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that consecutive hypofractionated Gamma Knife SRS could be applied to large metastatic brain tumors with effective tumor control and low toxicity rates.
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Yomo S, Hayashi M. Is stereotactic radiosurgery a rational treatment option for brain metastases from small cell lung cancer? A retrospective analysis of 70 consecutive patients. BMC Cancer 2015; 15:95. [PMID: 25879433 PMCID: PMC4359776 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-015-1103-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2014] [Accepted: 02/20/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Because of the high likelihood of multiple brain metastases (BM) from small cell lung cancer (SCLC), the role of focal treatment using stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) has yet to be determined. We aimed to evaluate the efficacy and limitations of upfront and salvage SRS for patients with BM from SCLC. Methods This was a retrospective and observational study analyzing 70 consecutive patients with BM from SCLC who received SRS. The median age was 68 years, and the median Karnofsky performance status (KPS) was 90. Forty-six (66%) and 24 (34%) patients underwent SRS as the upfront and salvage treatment after prophylactic or therapeutic whole brain radiotherapy (WBRT), respectively. Overall survival (OS), neurological death-free survival, remote and local tumor recurrence rates were analyzed. Results None of our patients were lost to follow-up and the median follow-up was 7.8 months. One-and 2-year OS rates were 43% and 15%, respectively. The median OS time was 7.8 months. One-and 2-year neurological death-free survival rates were 94% and 84%, respectively. In total, 219/292 tumors (75%) in 60 patients (86 %) with sufficient radiological follow-up data were evaluated. Six-and 12-month rates of remote BM relapse were 25% and 47%, respectively. Six-and 12-month rates of local control failure were 4% and 23%, respectively. Repeat SRS, salvage WBRT and microsurgery were subsequently required in 30, 8 and one patient, respectively. Symptomatic radiation injury, treated conservatively, developed in 3 patients. Conclusions The present study suggested SRS to be a potentially effective and minimally invasive treatment option for BM from SCLC either alone or after failed WBRT. Although repeat salvage treatment was needed in nearly half of patients to achieve control of distant BM, such continuation of radiotherapeutic management might contribute to reducing the rate of neurological death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shoji Yomo
- Division of Radiation Oncology, Aizawa Comprehensive Cancer Center, Aizawa Hospital, 2-5-1, Honjo, Matsumoto, Nagano, 390-0814, Japan. .,Saitama Gamma Knife Center, San-ai Hospital, Saitama, Japan.
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Zimmerman AL, Murphy ES, Suh JH, Vogelbaum MA, Barnett GH, Angelov L, Ahluwalia M, Reddy CA, Chao ST. Treatment of Large Brain Metastases With Stereotactic Radiosurgery. Technol Cancer Res Treat 2015; 15:186-95. [DOI: 10.1177/1533034614568097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2014] [Accepted: 12/22/2014] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: We report our series of patients with large brain metastases, >3 cm in diameter, who received stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) as a component of their treatment, focusing on survival and intracranial recurrence rates. Materials and Methods: The brain tumor database was queried for patients treated with SRS for large brain metastases. Local recurrence (LR) and distant brain recurrence (DBR) rates were calculated using cumulative incidence analysis, and overall survival (OS) was calculated using Kaplan-Meier analysis. Patients were classified into 1 of the 4 groups based on treatment strategy: SRS alone, surgery plus SRS, SRS plus whole-brain radiation therapy (WBRT), and salvage SRS from more remote WBRT and/or surgery. Results: A total of 153 patients with 164 lesions were evaluated. The SRS alone was the treatment approach in 62 lesions, surgery followed by SRS to the resection bed (S + SRS) in 33, SRS + WBRT in 19, and salvage SRS in 50. There was no statistically significant difference in OS between the 4 treatment groups ( P = .06). Median survival was highest in patients receiving surgery + SRS (12.2 months) followed by SRS + WBRT (6.9 months), SRS alone (6.6 months), and salvage SRS (6.1 months). There was also no significant difference for LR rates between the groups at 12 months. No significant variables on univariate analysis were noted for LR. The 12-month DBR rates were highest in the S + SRS group (52%), followed by salvage SRS (31%), SRS alone (28%), and SRS + WBRT (13%; P = .03). Conclusion: There were no significant predictors for local control. Keeping in mind that patient numbers in the SRS + WBRT group are small, the addition of WBRT to SRS did not appear to significantly improve survival or local control, supporting the delayed use of WBRT for some patients to prevent potential side effects provided regular imaging surveillance and salvage therapy are utilized. Prospective studies are needed to optimize SRS treatment regimens for patients with large brain metastases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy L. Zimmerman
- Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Erin S. Murphy
- Rose Ella Burkhardt Brain Tumor and Neuro-oncology Center, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
- Radiation Oncology, Taussig Cancer Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - John H. Suh
- Rose Ella Burkhardt Brain Tumor and Neuro-oncology Center, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
- Radiation Oncology, Taussig Cancer Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Michael A. Vogelbaum
- Rose Ella Burkhardt Brain Tumor and Neuro-oncology Center, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
- Neurosurgery, Neurological Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Gene H. Barnett
- Rose Ella Burkhardt Brain Tumor and Neuro-oncology Center, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
- Neurosurgery, Neurological Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Lilyana Angelov
- Rose Ella Burkhardt Brain Tumor and Neuro-oncology Center, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
- Neurosurgery, Neurological Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Manmeet Ahluwalia
- Rose Ella Burkhardt Brain Tumor and Neuro-oncology Center, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
- Medical Oncology, Taussig Cancer Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Chandana A. Reddy
- Radiation Oncology, Taussig Cancer Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Samuel T. Chao
- Rose Ella Burkhardt Brain Tumor and Neuro-oncology Center, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
- Radiation Oncology, Taussig Cancer Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
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Serizawa T, Higuchi Y, Nagano O, Matsuda S, Ono J, Saeki N, Hirai T, Miyakawa A, Shibamoto Y. A new grading system focusing on neurological outcomes for brain metastases treated with stereotactic radiosurgery: the modified Basic Score for Brain Metastases. J Neurosurg 2014; 121 Suppl:35-43. [DOI: 10.3171/2014.7.gks14980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
ObjectThe Basic Score for Brain Metastases (BSBM) proposed by Lorenzoni and colleagues is one of the best grading systems for predicting survival periods after stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) for brain metastases. However, it includes no brain factors and cannot predict neurological outcomes, such as preservation of neurological function and prevention of neurological death. Herein, the authors propose a modified BSBM, adding 4 brain factors to the original BSBM, enabling prediction of neurological outcomes, as well as of overall survival, in patients undergoing SRS.MethodsTo serve as neurological prognostic scores (NPSs), the authors scored 4 significant brain factors for both preservation of neurological function (qualitative survival) and prevention of neurological death (neurological survival) as 0 or 1 as described in the following: > 10 brain tumors = 0 or ≤ 10 = 1, total tumor volume > 15 cm3 = 0 or ≤ 15 cm3 = 1, MRI findings of localized meningeal dissemination (yes = 0 or no = 1), and neurological symptoms (yes = 0 or no = 1). According to the sum of NPSs, patients were classified into 2 subgroups: Subgroup A with a total NPS of 3 or 4 and Subgroup B with an NPS of 0, 1, or 2. The authors defined the modified BSBM according to the NPS subgroup classification applied to the original BSBM groups. The validity of this modified BSBM in 2838 consecutive patients with brain metastases treated with SRS was verified.ResultsPatients included 1868 with cancer of the lung (including 1604 with non–small cell lung cancer), 355 of the gastrointestinal tract, 305 of the breast, 176 of the urogenital tract, and 134 with other cancers. Subgroup A had 2089 patients and Subgroup B 749. Median overall survival times were 2.6 months in BSBM 0 (382 patients), 5.7 in BSBM 1 (1143), 11.4 in BSBM 2 (1011) and 21.7 in BSBM 3 (302), and pairwise differences between the BSBM groups were statistically significant (all p < 0.0001). One-year qualitative survival rates were 64.6% (modified BSBM 0A, 204 patients), 45.0% (0B, 178), 82.5% (1A, 825), 63.3% (1B, 318), 86.4% (2A, 792), 73.7% (2B, 219), 91.4% (3A, 268), and 73.5% (3B, 34). One-year neurological survival rates were 82.6% (0A), 52.4% (0B), 90.5% (1A), 78.1% (1B), 91.1% (2A), 83.2% (2B), 93.9% (3A), and 76.3% (3B), where A and B identify the subgroup. Statistically significant differences in both qualitative and neurological survivals between Subgroups A and B were detected in all BSBM groups.ConclusionsThe authors' new index, the modified BSBM, was found to be excellent for predicting neurological outcomes, independently of life expectancy, in SRS-treated patients with brain metastases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toru Serizawa
- 1Tokyo Gamma Unit Center, Tsukiji Neurological Clinic, Tokyo
| | - Yoshinori Higuchi
- 2Department of Cerebral and Neurological Surgery, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba
| | - Osamu Nagano
- 3Gamma Knife House, Chiba Cardiovascular Center, Ichihara
| | - Shinji Matsuda
- 3Gamma Knife House, Chiba Cardiovascular Center, Ichihara
| | - Junichi Ono
- 3Gamma Knife House, Chiba Cardiovascular Center, Ichihara
| | - Naokatsu Saeki
- 2Department of Cerebral and Neurological Surgery, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba
| | - Tatsuo Hirai
- 4Heisei Gamma Unit Center, Fujieda Heisei Memorial Hospital, Fujieda; and
| | - Akifumi Miyakawa
- 5Department of Radiology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences and Medical School, Nagoya City University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Yuta Shibamoto
- 5Department of Radiology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences and Medical School, Nagoya City University, Nagoya, Japan
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Ohtakara K, Hoshi H. Target volume geometric change and/or deviation from the cranium during fractionated stereotactic radiotherapy for brain metastases: potential pitfalls in image guidance based on bony anatomy alignment. J Med Imaging Radiat Oncol 2014; 58:729-36. [PMID: 24935347 DOI: 10.1111/1754-9485.12194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2014] [Accepted: 05/13/2014] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION This study sought to evaluate the potential geometrical change and/or displacement of the target relative to the cranium during fractionated stereotactic radiotherapy (FSRT) for treating newly developed brain metastases. METHODS For 16 patients with 21 lesions treated with image-guided frameless FSRT in 5 or 10 fractions using a 6-degree-of-freedom image guidance system-integrated platform, the unenhanced computed tomography or T2-weighted magnetic resonance images acquired until the completion of FSRT were fused to the planning image datasets for comparison. Significant change was defined as ≥3-mm change in the tumour diameter or displacement of the tumour centroid. RESULTS FSRT was started 1 day after planning image acquisition. Tumour shrinkage, deviation and both were observed in 2, 1 and 1 of the 21 lesions, respectively, over a period of 7-13 days. Tumour shrinkage or deviation resulted in an increase or decrease in the marginal dose to the tumour, respectively, and a substantial increase in the irradiated volume for the surrounding tissue irrespective of the pattern of alteration. No obvious differences in the clinical and treatment characteristics were noted among the populations with or without significant changes in tumour volume or position. CONCLUSION Target deformity and/or deviation can unexpectedly occur even during relatively short-course FSRT, inevitably leading to a gradual discrepancy between the planned and actually delivered doses to the tumour and surrounding tissue. To appropriately weigh the treatment outcome against the planned dose distribution, target deformity and/or deviation should also be considered in addition to the immobilisation accuracy, as image guidance with bony anatomy alignment does not necessarily guarantee accurate target localisation until completion of FSRT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuhiro Ohtakara
- Department of Radiology, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu, Japan; Division of Radiation Oncology, Gifu University Hospital, Gifu, Japan
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