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Wei J, Wei J, Wang S. Hydroxytyrosol acetate from olive leaves ( Olea Europaea L.) induces apoptosis via mitochondrial pathway in BEL7402 cell line. Nat Prod Res 2024:1-4. [PMID: 38693720 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2024.2348679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Accepted: 04/20/2024] [Indexed: 05/03/2024]
Abstract
Hydroxytyrosol acetate is one of the polyphenolic compounds in olive leaves. Hydroxytyrosol acetate has a variety of biological activities, such as antibacterial, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, cognitive improvement and neuroprotective effects. However, there is no report on the antitumor activity and the antitumor mechanism of hydroxytyrosol acetate. In our study, we studied the antitumor activity of hydroxytyrosol acetate by MTT assay and determined the antitumor mechanism by DNA ladder assay, mitochondrial membrane potential assay and western blot assay. We found that hydroxytyrosol acetate could inhibit cell proliferation, and the inhibition rate was 78.08%. The further researches showed that hydroxytyrosol acetate could downregulate Bcl-2 protein while upregulate Bax protein. It also could induce mitochondrial depolarisation and release of cytochrome C. These results indicated that hydroxytyrosol acetate might induce BEL7402 cells apoptosis via mitochondrial pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianteng Wei
- Special Food Research Institute, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
- Shandong Technology Innovation Center of Special Food, Qingdao, China
- Qingdao Special Food Research Institute, Qingdao, China
- Academy of Dongying Efficient Agricultural Technology and Industry on Saline and Alkaline Land in Collaboration with, Qingdao Agricultural University, Dongying, China
| | - Jianfang Wei
- Qingdao Jiaozhou Central Hospital, Qingdao, China
| | - Shuxian Wang
- Marine Science Research Institute of Shandong Province, Qingdao, China
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2
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Gallardo-Fernandez M, Garcia AR, Hornedo-Ortega R, Troncoso AM, Garcia-Parrilla MC, Brito MA. In vitro study of the blood-brain barrier transport of bioactives from Mediterranean foods. Food Funct 2024; 15:3420-3432. [PMID: 38497922 DOI: 10.1039/d3fo04760a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/19/2024]
Abstract
The Mediterranean diet (MD), characterized by olive oil, olives, fruits, vegetables, and wine intake, is associated with a reduced risk of dementia. These foods are rich in bioactives with neuroprotective and antioxidant properties, including hydroxytyrosol (HT), tyrosol (TYRS), serotonin (SER) and protocatechuic acid (PCA), a phenolic acid metabolite of anthocyanins. It remains to be established if these molecules cross the blood-brain barrier (BBB), a complex interface that strictly controls the entrance of molecules into the brain. We aimed to assess the ability of tyrosine (TYR), HT, TYRS, PCA and SER to pass through the BBB without disrupting its properties. Using Human Brain Microvascular Endothelial Cells as an in vitro model of the BBB, we assessed its integrity by transendothelial electrical resistance, paracellular permeability and immunocytochemical assays of the adherens junction protein β-catenin. The transport across the BBB was evaluated by ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography high resolution mass spectrometry. Results show that tested bioactives did not impair BBB integrity regardless of the concentration evaluated. Additionally, all of them cross the BBB, with the following percentages: HT (∼70%), TYR (∼50%), TYRS (∼30%), SER (∼30%) and PCA (∼9%). These results provide a basis for the MD neuroprotective role.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Gallardo-Fernandez
- Departamento de Nutrición y Bromatología, Toxicología y Medicina Legal. Facultad de Farmacia. Universidad de Sevilla. C/Profesor García González n° 2. Sevilla 41012, Spain.
| | - Ana Rita Garcia
- imed-Research Institute for Medicines, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Prof. Gama Pinto, 1649-003 Lisbon, Portugal.
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Medicines, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Prof. Gama Pinto, 1649-003 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Ruth Hornedo-Ortega
- Departamento de Nutrición y Bromatología, Toxicología y Medicina Legal. Facultad de Farmacia. Universidad de Sevilla. C/Profesor García González n° 2. Sevilla 41012, Spain.
| | - Ana M Troncoso
- Departamento de Nutrición y Bromatología, Toxicología y Medicina Legal. Facultad de Farmacia. Universidad de Sevilla. C/Profesor García González n° 2. Sevilla 41012, Spain.
| | - M Carmen Garcia-Parrilla
- Departamento de Nutrición y Bromatología, Toxicología y Medicina Legal. Facultad de Farmacia. Universidad de Sevilla. C/Profesor García González n° 2. Sevilla 41012, Spain.
| | - M Alexandra Brito
- imed-Research Institute for Medicines, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Prof. Gama Pinto, 1649-003 Lisbon, Portugal.
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Medicines, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Prof. Gama Pinto, 1649-003 Lisboa, Portugal
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Quan W, Liu Y, Li J, Chen D, Xu J, Song J, Chen J, Sun S. Investigating the TLR4/TAK1/IRF7 axis in NLRP3-Mediated Pyroptosis in Parkinson's Disease. Inflammation 2024; 47:404-420. [PMID: 37930487 DOI: 10.1007/s10753-023-01918-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Revised: 09/18/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023]
Abstract
In the realm of Parkinson's disease (PD) research, NLRP3 inflammasome-mediated pyroptosis has recently garnered significant attention as a potential novel form of dopaminergic neuronal death. Our previous research revealed the activation of innate immune-related genes, such as the TLR4 signaling pathway and interferon regulatory factor 7 (IRF7), although the specific mechanism remains unclear. Our current study shed light on whether the TLR4 signaling pathway and IRF7 can affect the pyroptosis of dopaminergic nerve cells and thus participate in the pathogenesis of PD. The PD model was constructed by MPP+ treatment of PC12 cells or stereotactic injection of the striatum of SD rats, and the expression of genes were detected by RT-qPCR and Western Blotting. Lentivirus, siRNA and (5Z)-7-Oxozeaenol were used to validate the regulation of this pathway on pyroptosis. The expression of TLR4, TAK1, IRF7 and pyroptosis molecular markers was upregulated after MPP+ treatment. IRF7 could affect dopaminergic neural cells pyroptosis by targeted regulation of NLRP3. Furthermore, inhibition of the TLR4/TAK1 signaling pathway led to a decrease in the expression of both IRF7 and NLRP3, while overexpression of IRF7 reversed the reduction in pyroptosis and increase in TH expression. TLR4/TAK1/IRF7 axis can promote PD by influencing pyroptosis through NLRP3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Quan
- Department of Neurology, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, No. 126, Xian Tai Road, Changchun, Jilin, 130021, China
| | - Ying Liu
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, 130021, China
| | - Jia Li
- Department of Neurology, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, No. 126, Xian Tai Road, Changchun, Jilin, 130021, China
| | - Dawei Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, 130021, China
| | - Jing Xu
- Department of Neurology, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, No. 126, Xian Tai Road, Changchun, Jilin, 130021, China
| | - Jia Song
- Department of Neurology, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, No. 126, Xian Tai Road, Changchun, Jilin, 130021, China
| | - Jiajun Chen
- Department of Neurology, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, No. 126, Xian Tai Road, Changchun, Jilin, 130021, China.
| | - Shilong Sun
- NHC Key Laboratory of Radiobiology, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, 130021, China.
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4
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Kumari N, Anand S, Shah K, Chauhan NS, Sethiya NK, Singhal M. Emerging Role of Plant-Based Bioactive Compounds as Therapeutics in Parkinson's Disease. Molecules 2023; 28:7588. [PMID: 38005310 PMCID: PMC10673433 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28227588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Revised: 11/06/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Neurological ailments, including stroke, Alzheimer's disease (AD), epilepsy, Parkinson's disease (PD), and other related diseases, have affected around 1 billion people globally to date. PD stands second among the common neurodegenerative diseases caused as a result of dopaminergic neuron loss in the midbrain's substantia nigra regions. It affects cognitive and motor activities, resulting in tremors during rest, slow movement, and muscle stiffness. There are various traditional approaches for the management of PD, but they provide only symptomatic relief. Thus, a survey for finding new biomolecules or substances exhibiting the therapeutic potential to patients with PD is the main focus of present-day research. Medicinal plants, herbal formulations, and natural bioactive molecules have been gaining much more attention in recent years as synthetic molecules orchestrate a number of undesired effects. Several in vitro, in vivo, and in silico studies in the recent past have demonstrated the therapeutic potential of medicinal plants, herbal formulations, and plant-based bioactives. Among the plant-based bioactives, polyphenols, terpenes, and alkaloids are of particular interest due to their potent anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and brain-health-promoting properties. Further, there are no concise, elaborated articles comprising updated mechanism-of-action-based reviews of the published literature on potent, recently investigated (2019-2023) medicinal plants, herbal formulations, and plant based-bioactive molecules, including polyphenols, terpenes, and alkaloids, as a method for the management of PD. Therefore, we designed the current review to provide an illustration of the efficacious role of various medicinal plants, herbal formulations, and bioactives (polyphenols, terpenes, and alkaloids) that can become potential therapeutics against PD with greater specificity, target approachability, bioavailability, and safety to the host. This information can be further utilized in the future to develop several value-added formulations and nutraceutical products to achieve the desired safety and efficacy for the management of PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nitu Kumari
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Applied Sciences, REVA University, Bengaluru 560064, Karnataka, India;
| | - Santosh Anand
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Applied Sciences, REVA University, Bengaluru 560064, Karnataka, India;
| | - Kamal Shah
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Research, GLA University, Mathura 281406, Uttar Pradesh, India;
| | | | - Neeraj K. Sethiya
- Faculty of Pharmacy, School of Pharmaceutical and Populations Health Informatics, DIT University, Dehradun 248009, Uttarakhand, India;
| | - Manmohan Singhal
- Faculty of Pharmacy, School of Pharmaceutical and Populations Health Informatics, DIT University, Dehradun 248009, Uttarakhand, India;
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Murai T, Matsuda S. Integrated Multimodal Omics and Dietary Approaches for the Management of Neurodegeneration. EPIGENOMES 2023; 7:20. [PMID: 37754272 PMCID: PMC10529483 DOI: 10.3390/epigenomes7030020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Revised: 08/26/2023] [Accepted: 08/31/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease, are caused by a combination of multiple events that damage neuronal function. A well-characterized biomarker of neurodegeneration is the accumulation of proteinaceous aggregates in the brain. However, the gradually worsening symptoms of neurodegenerative diseases are unlikely to be solely due to the result of a mutation in a single gene, but rather a multi-step process involving epigenetic changes. Recently, it has been suggested that a fraction of epigenetic alternations may be correlated to neurodegeneration in the brain. Unlike DNA mutations, epigenetic alterations are reversible, and therefore raise the possibilities for therapeutic intervention, including dietary modifications. Additionally, reactive oxygen species may contribute to the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease through epigenetic alternation. Given that the antioxidant properties of plant-derived phytochemicals are likely to exhibit pleiotropic effects against ROS-mediated epigenetic alternation, dietary intervention may be promising for the management of neurodegeneration in these diseases. In this review, the state-of-the-art applications using single-cell multimodal omics approaches, including epigenetics, and dietary approaches for the identification of novel biomarkers and therapeutic approaches for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshiyuki Murai
- Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, 2-2 Yamada-oka, Suita 565-0871, Japan;
| | - Satoru Matsuda
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Nara Women’s University, Kita-Uoya Nishimachi, Nara 630-8506, Japan
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Boronat A, Serreli G, Rodríguez-Morató J, Deiana M, de la Torre R. Olive Oil Phenolic Compounds' Activity against Age-Associated Cognitive Decline: Clinical and Experimental Evidence. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:1472. [PMID: 37508010 PMCID: PMC10376491 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12071472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Revised: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Epidemiological studies have shown that consuming olive oil rich in phenolic bioactive compounds is associated with a lower risk of neurodegenerative diseases and better cognitive performance in aged populations. Since oxidative stress is a common hallmark of age-related cognitive decline, incorporating exogenous antioxidants could have beneficial effects on brain aging. In this review, we firstly summarize and critically discuss the current preclinical evidence and the potential neuroprotective mechanisms. Existing studies indicate that olive oil phenolic compounds can modulate and counteract oxidative stress and neuroinflammation, two relevant pathways linked to the onset and progression of neurodegenerative processes. Secondly, we summarize the current clinical evidence. In contrast to preclinical studies, there is no direct evidence in humans of the bioactivity of olive oil phenolic compounds. Instead, we have summarized current findings regarding nutritional interventions supplemented with olive oil on cognition. A growing body of research indicates that high consumption of olive oil phenolic compounds is associated with better preservation of cognitive performance, conferring an additional benefit, independent of the dietary pattern. In conclusion, the consumption of olive oil rich in phenolic bioactive compounds has potential neuroprotective effects. Further research is needed to understand the underlying mechanisms and potential clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Boronat
- Integrative Pharmacology and Systems Neurosciences Research Group, Hospital del Mar Research Institute, 08003 Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Medicine and Life Sciences, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, 08003 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Gabriele Serreli
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cittadella Universitaria SS 554, 09042 Monserrato, Italy
| | - Jose Rodríguez-Morató
- Integrative Pharmacology and Systems Neurosciences Research Group, Hospital del Mar Research Institute, 08003 Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Medicine and Life Sciences, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, 08003 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Monica Deiana
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cittadella Universitaria SS 554, 09042 Monserrato, Italy
| | - Rafael de la Torre
- Integrative Pharmacology and Systems Neurosciences Research Group, Hospital del Mar Research Institute, 08003 Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Medicine and Life Sciences, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, 08003 Barcelona, Spain
- Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition Networking Biomedical Research Centre (CIBEROBN), 28029 Madrid, Spain
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7
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Micheli L, Bertini L, Bonato A, Villanova N, Caruso C, Caruso M, Bernini R, Tirone F. Role of Hydroxytyrosol and Oleuropein in the Prevention of Aging and Related Disorders: Focus on Neurodegeneration, Skeletal Muscle Dysfunction and Gut Microbiota. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15071767. [PMID: 37049607 PMCID: PMC10096778 DOI: 10.3390/nu15071767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2023] [Revised: 03/16/2023] [Accepted: 03/24/2023] [Indexed: 04/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Aging is a multi-faceted process caused by the accumulation of cellular damage over time, associated with a gradual reduction of physiological activities in cells and organs. This degeneration results in a reduced ability to adapt to homeostasis perturbations and an increased incidence of illnesses such as cognitive decline, neurodegenerative and cardiovascular diseases, cancer, diabetes, and skeletal muscle pathologies. Key features of aging include a chronic low-grade inflammation state and a decrease of the autophagic process. The Mediterranean diet has been associated with longevity and ability to counteract the onset of age-related disorders. Extra virgin olive oil, a fundamental component of this diet, contains bioactive polyphenolic compounds as hydroxytyrosol (HTyr) and oleuropein (OLE), known for their antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and neuroprotective properties. This review is focused on brain, skeletal muscle, and gut microbiota, as these systems are known to interact at several levels. After the description of the chemistry and pharmacokinetics of HTyr and OLE, we summarize studies reporting their effects in in vivo and in vitro models of neurodegenerative diseases of the central/peripheral nervous system, adult neurogenesis and depression, senescence and lifespan, and age-related skeletal muscle disorders, as well as their impact on the composition of the gut microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Micheli
- Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, National Research Council (IBBC-CNR), Via E. Ramarini 32, Monterotondo, 00015 Rome, Italy
| | - Laura Bertini
- Department of Ecological and Biological Sciences (DEB), University of Tuscia, Largo dell’Università, 01100 Viterbo, Italy
| | - Agnese Bonato
- Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, National Research Council (IBBC-CNR), Via E. Ramarini 32, Monterotondo, 00015 Rome, Italy
| | - Noemi Villanova
- Department of Agriculture and Forest Sciences (DAFNE), University of Tuscia, Via San Camillo de Lellis, 01100 Viterbo, Italy
| | - Carla Caruso
- Department of Ecological and Biological Sciences (DEB), University of Tuscia, Largo dell’Università, 01100 Viterbo, Italy
| | - Maurizia Caruso
- Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, National Research Council (IBBC-CNR), Via E. Ramarini 32, Monterotondo, 00015 Rome, Italy
| | - Roberta Bernini
- Department of Agriculture and Forest Sciences (DAFNE), University of Tuscia, Via San Camillo de Lellis, 01100 Viterbo, Italy
| | - Felice Tirone
- Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, National Research Council (IBBC-CNR), Via E. Ramarini 32, Monterotondo, 00015 Rome, Italy
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Fouché B, Turner S, Gorham R, Stephenson EJ, Gutbier S, Elson JL, García-Beltrán O, Van Der Westhuizen FH, Pienaar IS. A Novel Mitochondria-Targeting Iron Chelator Neuroprotects Multimodally via HIF-1 Modulation Against a Mitochondrial Toxin in a Dopaminergic Cell Model of Parkinson's Disease. Mol Neurobiol 2023; 60:749-767. [PMID: 36357615 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-022-03107-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Coumarins are plant-derived polyphenolic compounds belonging to the benzopyrones family, possessing wide-ranging pharmaceutical applications including cytoprotection, which may translate into therapeutic potential for multiple diseases, including Parkinson's disease (PD). Here we demonstrate the neuroprotective potential of a new polyhydroxyl coumarin, N-(1,3-dihydroxy-2-(hydroxymethyl)propan-2-yl)-2-(7-hydroxy-2-oxo-2H-chromen-4-yl)acetamide (CT51), against the mitochondrial toxin 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP+). MPP+'s mechanism of toxicity relates to its ability to inhibit complex I of the mitochondrial electron transport chain (METC), leading to adenosine triphosphate (ATP) depletion, increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, and apoptotic cell death, hence mimicking PD-related neuropathology. Dopaminergic differentiated human neuroblastoma cells were briefly pretreated with CT51, followed by toxin exposure. CT51 significantly restored somatic cell viability and neurite processes; hence, the drug targets cell bodies and axons thereby preserving neural function and circuitry against PD-related damage. Moreover, MPP+ emulates the iron dyshomeostasis affecting dopaminergic neurons in PD-affected brains, whilst CT51 was previously revealed as an effective iron chelator that preferentially partitions to mitochondria. We extend these findings by characterising the drug's interactive effects at the METC level. CT51 did not improve mitochondrial coupling efficiency. However, voltammetric measurements and high-resolution respirometry analysis revealed that CT51 acts as an antioxidant agent. Also, the neuronal protection afforded by CT51 associated with downregulating MPP+-induced upregulated expression of hypoxia-inducible factor 1 alpha (HIF-1α), a protein which regulates iron homeostasis and protects against certain forms of oxidative stress after translocating to mitochondria. Our findings support the further development of CT51 as a dual functioning iron chelator and antioxidant antiparkinsonian agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Belinda Fouché
- Centre for Human Metabolomics, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa
| | - Stephanie Turner
- School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex, Falmer, Brighton, UK
| | - Rebecca Gorham
- School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex, Falmer, Brighton, UK
| | | | - Simon Gutbier
- Unit for In Vitro Toxicology and Biomedicine, Department Inaugurated By the Doeren Kamp-Zbinden Foundation, University of Konstanz, 78457, Konstanz, Germany
| | - Joanna L Elson
- Centre for Human Metabolomics, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa.,The Welcome Trust Centre for Mitochondrial Research, Biosciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Olimpo García-Beltrán
- Centro Integrativo de Biología Y Química Aplicada, Universidad Bernardo O'Higgins, Santiago, Chile.,Facultad de Ciencias Naturales Y Matemáticas, Universidad de Ibagué, Ibagué, Colombia
| | | | - Ilse S Pienaar
- Centre for Human Metabolomics, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa. .,Institute of Clinical Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B12 2TT, UK.
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Mercury Chloride Affects Band 3 Protein-Mediated Anionic Transport in Red Blood Cells: Role of Oxidative Stress and Protective Effect of Olive Oil Polyphenols. Cells 2023; 12:cells12030424. [PMID: 36766766 PMCID: PMC9913727 DOI: 10.3390/cells12030424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2022] [Revised: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/25/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Mercury is a toxic heavy metal widely dispersed in the natural environment. Mercury exposure induces an increase in oxidative stress in red blood cells (RBCs) through the production of reactive species and alteration of the endogenous antioxidant defense system. Recently, among various natural antioxidants, the polyphenols from extra-virgin olive oil (EVOO), an important element of the Mediterranean diet, have generated growing interest. Here, we examined the potential protective effects of hydroxytyrosol (HT) and/or homovanillyl alcohol (HVA) on an oxidative stress model represented by human RBCs treated with HgCl2 (10 µM, 4 h of incubation). Morphological changes as well as markers of oxidative stress, including thiobarbituric acid reactive substance (TBARS) levels, the oxidation of protein sulfhydryl (-SH) groups, methemoglobin formation (% MetHb), apoptotic cells, a reduced glutathione/oxidized glutathione ratio, Band 3 protein (B3p) content, and anion exchange capability through B3p were analyzed in RBCs treated with HgCl2 with or without 10 μM HT and/or HVA pre-treatment for 15 min. Our data show that 10 µM HT and/or HVA pre-incubation impaired both acanthocytes formation, due to 10 µM HgCl2, and mercury-induced oxidative stress injury and, moreover, restored the endogenous antioxidant system. Interestingly, HgCl2 treatment was associated with a decrease in the rate constant for SO42- uptake through B3p as well as MetHb formation. Both alterations were attenuated by pre-treatment with HT and/or HVA. These findings provide mechanistic insights into benefits deriving from the use of naturally occurring polyphenols against oxidative stress induced by HgCl2 on RBCs. Thus, dietary supplementation with polyphenols might be useful in populations exposed to HgCl2 poisoning.
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Gallardo-Fernández M, Hornedo-Ortega R, Cerezo AB, Troncoso AM, Garcia-Parrilla MC. Hydroxytyrosol and dopamine metabolites: Anti-aggregative effect and neuroprotective activity against α-synuclein-induced toxicity. Food Chem Toxicol 2022; 171:113542. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2022.113542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2022] [Revised: 11/10/2022] [Accepted: 11/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
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Valorization of an Underutilized Waste from Olive Oil Production by Recovery of Hydroxytyrosol. Processes (Basel) 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/pr10101969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Hydroxytyrosol (HT) is one of the most powerful natural antioxidants, mainly contained in olive oil and its by-products. Here, a procedure for the preparation of an HT-enriched sample is described. An acidic aqueous extract (pH 1.25) from Olive Oil Dregs (OOD), a by-product from oil mills, was prepared by incubation at 37 °C for 1 h. The total phenolic content and HT amount were 6.24 ± 0.10 mg gallic acid equivalent/g OOD and 532.98 ± 5.78 μg/g OOD, respectively. Amberlite XAD16N and XAD7HP resins were used for the recovery of HT from the raw extract. Several elution conditions were tested with both resins, and elution with 25% ethanol provided the highest HT recovery (92.50% from XAD7HP). Antioxidant activities were assessed in the pool containing the highest quantity of HT. The results were compared with those of the raw extract. Ferric reducing antioxidant power values were comparable (95.71 ± 2.50 and 96.64 ± 13.47 μg ascorbic acid equivalent/mg for HT-enriched pool and raw extract, respectively), while the radical scavenging activity was higher for the pool (92.83% ± 0.44 and 44.12% ± 1.82, respectively). The results reported here demonstrate that HT can be recovered with a high yield from OOD, providing a preparation with high radical scavenging power. In addition, it is proved that this by-product, poorly considered up to now, can be usefully exploited.
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12
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Dietary Plant Polyphenols as the Potential Drugs in Neurodegenerative Diseases: Current Evidence, Advances, and Opportunities. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2022; 2022:5288698. [PMID: 35237381 PMCID: PMC8885204 DOI: 10.1155/2022/5288698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2021] [Revised: 01/10/2022] [Accepted: 01/28/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer’s disease (AD), Parkinson’s disease (PD), and Huntington’s disease (HD), are characterized by the progressive degeneration of neurons. Although the etiology and pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases have been studied intensively, the mechanism is still in its infancy. In general, most neurodegenerative diseases share common molecular mechanisms, and multiple risks interact and promote the pathologic process of neurogenerative diseases. At present, most of the approved drugs only alleviate the clinical symptoms but fail to cure neurodegenerative diseases. Numerous studies indicate that dietary plant polyphenols are safe and exhibit potent neuroprotective effects in various neurodegenerative diseases. However, low bioavailability is the biggest obstacle for polyphenol that largely limits its adoption from evidence into clinical practice. In this review, we summarized the widely recognized mechanisms associated with neurodegenerative diseases, such as misfolded proteins, mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative damage, and neuroinflammatory responses. In addition, we summarized the research advances about the neuroprotective effect of the most widely reported dietary plant polyphenols. Moreover, we discussed the current clinical study and application of polyphenols and the factors that result in low bioavailability, such as poor stability and low permeability across the blood-brain barrier (BBB). In the future, the improvement of absorption and stability, modification of structure and formulation, and the combination therapy will provide more opportunities from the laboratory into the clinic for polyphenols. Lastly, we hope that the present review will encourage further researches on natural dietary polyphenols in the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases.
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