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Zhang X, Yang M, Yang H, Pian R, Wang J, Wu AM. The Uptake, Transfer, and Detoxification of Cadmium in Plants and Its Exogenous Effects. Cells 2024; 13:907. [PMID: 38891039 PMCID: PMC11172145 DOI: 10.3390/cells13110907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2024] [Revised: 05/13/2024] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Cadmium (Cd) exerts a toxic influence on numerous crucial growth and development processes in plants, notably affecting seed germination rate, transpiration rate, chlorophyll content, and biomass. While considerable advances in Cd uptake and detoxification of plants have been made, the mechanisms by which plants adapt to and tolerate Cd toxicity remain elusive. This review focuses on the relationship between Cd and plants and the prospects for phytoremediation of Cd pollution. We highlight the following issues: (1) the present state of Cd pollution and its associated hazards, encompassing the sources and distribution of Cd and the risks posed to human health; (2) the mechanisms underlying the uptake and transport of Cd, including the physiological processes associated with the uptake, translocation, and detoxification of Cd, as well as the pertinent gene families implicated in these processes; (3) the detrimental effects of Cd on plants and the mechanisms of detoxification, such as the activation of resistance genes, root chelation, vacuolar compartmentalization, the activation of antioxidant systems and the generation of non-enzymatic antioxidants; (4) the practical application of phytoremediation and the impact of incorporating exogenous substances on the Cd tolerance of plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xintong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangdong Key Laboratory for Innovative Development and Utilization of Forest Plant Germplasm, College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China (R.P.)
| | - Man Yang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangdong Key Laboratory for Innovative Development and Utilization of Forest Plant Germplasm, College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China (R.P.)
| | - Hui Yang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangdong Key Laboratory for Innovative Development and Utilization of Forest Plant Germplasm, College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China (R.P.)
| | - Ruiqi Pian
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangdong Key Laboratory for Innovative Development and Utilization of Forest Plant Germplasm, College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China (R.P.)
| | - Jinxiang Wang
- Root Biology Center, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural and Rural Pollution Control and Environmental Safety in Guangdong Province, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Ai-Min Wu
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangdong Key Laboratory for Innovative Development and Utilization of Forest Plant Germplasm, College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China (R.P.)
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Tikhonov AN. The cytochrome b 6f complex: plastoquinol oxidation and regulation of electron transport in chloroplasts. PHOTOSYNTHESIS RESEARCH 2024; 159:203-227. [PMID: 37369875 DOI: 10.1007/s11120-023-01034-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023]
Abstract
In oxygenic photosynthetic systems, the cytochrome b6f (Cytb6f) complex (plastoquinol:plastocyanin oxidoreductase) is a heart of the hub that provides connectivity between photosystems (PS) II and I. In this review, the structure and function of the Cytb6f complex are briefly outlined, being focused on the mechanisms of a bifurcated (two-electron) oxidation of plastoquinol (PQH2). In plant chloroplasts, under a wide range of experimental conditions (pH and temperature), a diffusion of PQH2 from PSII to the Cytb6f does not limit the intersystem electron transport. The overall rate of PQH2 turnover is determined mainly by the first step of the bifurcated oxidation of PQH2 at the catalytic site Qo, i.e., the reaction of electron transfer from PQH2 to the Fe2S2 cluster of the high-potential Rieske iron-sulfur protein (ISP). This point has been supported by the quantum chemical analysis of PQH2 oxidation within the framework of a model system including the Fe2S2 cluster of the ISP and surrounding amino acids, the low-potential heme b6L, Glu78 and 2,3,5-trimethylbenzoquinol (the tail-less analog of PQH2). Other structure-function relationships and mechanisms of electron transport regulation of oxygenic photosynthesis associated with the Cytb6f complex are briefly outlined: pH-dependent control of the intersystem electron transport and the regulatory balance between the operation of linear and cyclic electron transfer chains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander N Tikhonov
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Physics, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russian Federation, 119991.
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3
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Vilyanen D, Pavlov I, Naydov I, Ivanov B, Kozuleva M. Peculiarities of DNP-INT and DBMIB as inhibitors of the photosynthetic electron transport. PHOTOSYNTHESIS RESEARCH 2023:10.1007/s11120-023-01063-5. [PMID: 38108927 DOI: 10.1007/s11120-023-01063-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
Inhibitory analysis is a useful tool for studying cytochrome b6f complex in the photosynthetic electron transport chain. Here, we examine the inhibitory efficiency of two widely used inhibitors of the plastoquinol oxidation in the cytochrome b6f complex, namely 2,4-dinitrophenyl ether of 2-iodo-4-nitrothymol (DNP-INT) and 2,5-dibromo-3-methyl-6-isopropylbenzoquinone (DBMIB). Using isolated thylakoids from pea and arabidopsis, we demonstrate that inhibitory activity of DNP-INT and DBMIB is enhanced by increasing irradiance, and this effect is due to the increase in the rate of electron transport. However, the accumulation of protons in the thylakoid lumen at low light intensity has opposite effects on the inhibitory activity of DNP-INT and DBMIB, namely increasing the activity of DNP-INT and restricting the activity of DBMIB. These results allow for the refinement of the conditions under which the use of these inhibitors leads to the complete inhibition of plastoquinol oxidation in the cytochrome b6f complex, thereby broadening our understanding of the operation of the cytochrome b6f complex under conditions of steady-state electron transport.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daria Vilyanen
- Federal Research Center, Institute of Basic Biological Problems of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Pushchino Scientific Center for Biological Research of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Pushchino, Russia
| | - Ilya Pavlov
- Saint Petersburg State University, Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - Ilya Naydov
- Federal Research Center, Institute of Basic Biological Problems of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Pushchino Scientific Center for Biological Research of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Pushchino, Russia
| | - Boris Ivanov
- Federal Research Center, Institute of Basic Biological Problems of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Pushchino Scientific Center for Biological Research of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Pushchino, Russia
| | - Marina Kozuleva
- Federal Research Center, Institute of Basic Biological Problems of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Pushchino Scientific Center for Biological Research of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Pushchino, Russia.
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4
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Semenov AY, Tikhonov AN. Electrometric and Electron Paramagnetic Resonance Measurements of a Difference in the Transmembrane Electrochemical Potential: Photosynthetic Subcellular Structures and Isolated Pigment-Protein Complexes. MEMBRANES 2023; 13:866. [PMID: 37999352 PMCID: PMC10673362 DOI: 10.3390/membranes13110866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Revised: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023]
Abstract
A transmembrane difference in the electrochemical potentials of protons (ΔμH+) serves as a free energy intermediate in energy-transducing organelles of the living cell. The contributions of two components of the ΔμH+ (electrical, Δψ, and concentrational, ΔpH) to the overall ΔμH+ value depend on the nature and lipid composition of the energy-coupling membrane. In this review, we briefly consider several of the most common instrumental (electrometric and EPR) methods for numerical estimations of Δψ and ΔpH. In particular, the kinetics of the flash-induced electrometrical measurements of Δψ in bacterial chromatophores, isolated bacterial reaction centers, and Photosystems I and II of the oxygenic photosynthesis, as well as the use of pH-sensitive molecular indicators and kinetic data regarding pH-dependent electron transport in chloroplasts, have been reviewed. Further perspectives on the application of these methods to solve some fundamental and practical problems of membrane bioenergetics are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexey Yu. Semenov
- A.N. Belozersky Institute of Physical-Chemical Biology, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia;
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Sukhova EM, Yudina LM, Sukhov VS. Changes in Activity of the Plasma Membrane H+-ATPase as a Link Between Formation of Electrical Signals and Induction of Photosynthetic Responses in Higher Plants. BIOCHEMISTRY. BIOKHIMIIA 2023; 88:1488-1503. [PMID: 38105019 DOI: 10.1134/s0006297923100061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2023] [Revised: 09/05/2023] [Accepted: 09/13/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
Action of numerous adverse environmental factors on higher plants is spatially-heterogenous; it means that induction of a systemic adaptive response requires generation and transmission of the stress signals. Electrical signals (ESs) induced by local action of stressors include action potential, variation potential, and system potential and they participate in formation of fast physiological changes at the level of a whole plant, including photosynthetic responses. Generation of these ESs is accompanied by the changes in activity of H+-ATPase, which is the main system of electrogenic proton transport across the plasma membrane. Literature data show that the changes in H+-ATPase activity and related changes in intra- and extracellular pH play a key role in the ES-induced inactivation of photosynthesis in non-irritated parts of plants. This inactivation is caused by both suppression of CO2 influx into mesophyll cells in leaves, which can be induced by the apoplast alkalization and, probably, cytoplasm acidification, and direct influence of acidification of stroma and lumen of chloroplasts on light and, probably, dark photosynthetic reactions. The ES-induced inactivation of photosynthesis results in the increasing tolerance of photosynthetic machinery to the action of adverse factors and probability of the plant survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ekaterina M Sukhova
- Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod, Nizhny Novgorod, 603022, Russia
| | - Lyubov' M Yudina
- Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod, Nizhny Novgorod, 603022, Russia
| | - Vladimir S Sukhov
- Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod, Nizhny Novgorod, 603022, Russia.
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6
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Tikhonov AN. Electron Transport in Chloroplasts: Regulation and Alternative Pathways of Electron Transfer. BIOCHEMISTRY. BIOKHIMIIA 2023; 88:1438-1454. [PMID: 38105016 DOI: 10.1134/s0006297923100036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Revised: 07/09/2023] [Accepted: 07/09/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
This work represents an overview of electron transport regulation in chloroplasts as considered in the context of structure-function organization of photosynthetic apparatus in plants. Main focus of the article is on bifurcated oxidation of plastoquinol by the cytochrome b6f complex, which represents the rate-limiting step of electron transfer between photosystems II and I. Electron transport along the chains of non-cyclic, cyclic, and pseudocyclic electron flow, their relationships to generation of the trans-thylakoid difference in electrochemical potentials of protons in chloroplasts, and pH-dependent mechanisms of regulation of the cytochrome b6f complex are considered. Redox reactions with participation of molecular oxygen and ascorbate, alternative mediators of electron transport in chloroplasts, have also been discussed.
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Suzuki Y, Ohsaki K, Takahashi Y, Wada S, Miyake C, Makino A. Behavior of Photosystems II and I Is Modulated Depending on N Partitioning to Rubisco in Mature Leaves Acclimated to Low N Levels and Senescent Leaves in Rice. PLANT & CELL PHYSIOLOGY 2023; 64:55-63. [PMID: 36208302 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcac139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2022] [Revised: 10/05/2022] [Accepted: 10/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
In mature leaves acclimated to low N levels and in senescent leaves, photosystems II and I (PSII and PSI, respectively) show typical responses to excess light energy. As CO2 assimilation is not transiently suppressed in these situations, the behavior of PSII and PSI is likely caused by endogenous biochemical changes in photosynthesis. In this study, this subject was studied in rice (Oryza sativa L.). Analysis was performed on mature and senescent leaves of control and N-deficient plants. Total leaf-N, Rubisco and chlorophyll (Chl) levels and their ratios were determined as biochemical parameters of photosynthesis. Total leaf-N, Rubisco and Chl levels decreased in the mature leaves of N-deficient plants and senescent leaves. The percentage of Rubisco-N in the total leaf-N decreased in these leaves, whereas that of Chl-N tended to remain almost constant in mature leaves but increased in senescent leaves. Changes in PSII and PSI parameters were best accounted for by the Rubisco-N percentage, strongly suggesting that the behavior of PSII and PSI is modulated depending on changes in N partitioning to Rubisco in mature leaves acclimated to low N levels and in senescent leaves. It is likely that a decrease in N partitioning to Rubisco leads to a decrease in Rubisco capacity relative to other photosynthetic capacities that inevitably generate excess light energy and that the operation of PSII and PSI is modulated in such situations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuji Suzuki
- Faculty of Agriculture, Iwate University, 3-18-8 Ueda, Morioka, 020-8550 Japan
| | - Kaho Ohsaki
- Faculty of Agriculture, Iwate University, 3-18-8 Ueda, Morioka, 020-8550 Japan
| | - Yuki Takahashi
- Faculty of Agriculture, Iwate University, 3-18-8 Ueda, Morioka, 020-8550 Japan
| | - Shinya Wada
- Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodai, Nada-ku, Kobe, 657-8501 Japan
| | - Chikahiro Miyake
- Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodai, Nada-ku, Kobe, 657-8501 Japan
| | - Amane Makino
- Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Aramaki-Aoba 468-1, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-8572 Japan
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Parmagnani AS, Betterle N, Mannino G, D’Alessandro S, Nocito FF, Ljumovic K, Vigani G, Ballottari M, Maffei ME. The Geomagnetic Field (GMF) Is Required for Lima Bean Photosynthesis and Reactive Oxygen Species Production. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24032896. [PMID: 36769217 PMCID: PMC9917513 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24032896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2022] [Revised: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Plants evolved in the presence of the Earth's magnetic field (or geomagnetic field, GMF). Variations in MF intensity and inclination are perceived by plants as an abiotic stress condition with responses at the genomic and metabolic level, with changes in growth and developmental processes. The reduction of GMF to near null magnetic field (NNMF) values by the use of a triaxial Helmholtz coils system was used to evaluate the requirement of the GMF for Lima bean (Phaseolus lunatus L.) photosynthesis and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. The leaf area, stomatal density, chloroplast ultrastructure and some biochemical parameters including leaf carbohydrate, total carbon, protein content and δ13C were affected by NNMF conditions, as were the chlorophyll and carotenoid levels. RubisCO activity and content were also reduced in NNMF. The GMF was required for the reaction center's efficiency and for the reduction of quinones. NNMF conditions downregulated the expression of the MagR homologs PlIScA2 and PlcpIScA, implying a connection between magnetoreception and photosynthetic efficiency. Finally, we showed that the GMF induced a higher expression of genes involved in ROS production, with increased contents of both H2O2 and other peroxides. Our results show that, in Lima bean, the GMF is required for photosynthesis and that PlIScA2 and PlcpIScA may play a role in the modulation of MF-dependent responses of photosynthesis and plant oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ambra S. Parmagnani
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Turin, Via Quarello 15/a, 10135 Turin, Italy
| | - Nico Betterle
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie, Università degli Studi di Verona, Strada le Grazie 15, 37134 Verona, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Mannino
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Turin, Via Quarello 15/a, 10135 Turin, Italy
| | - Stefano D’Alessandro
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Turin, Via Quarello 15/a, 10135 Turin, Italy
| | - Fabio F. Nocito
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie e Ambientali—Produzione, Territorio, Agroenergia, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Kristina Ljumovic
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie, Università degli Studi di Verona, Strada le Grazie 15, 37134 Verona, Italy
| | - Gianpiero Vigani
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Turin, Via Quarello 15/a, 10135 Turin, Italy
| | - Matteo Ballottari
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie, Università degli Studi di Verona, Strada le Grazie 15, 37134 Verona, Italy
| | - Massimo E. Maffei
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Turin, Via Quarello 15/a, 10135 Turin, Italy
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-011-6705967
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Cun Z, Xu XZ, Zhang JY, Shuang SP, Wu HM, An TX, Chen JW. Responses of photosystem to long-term light stress in a typically shade-tolerant species Panax notoginseng. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 13:1095726. [PMID: 36714733 PMCID: PMC9878349 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.1095726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2022] [Accepted: 12/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Photosynthetic adaptive strategies vary with the growth irradiance. The potential photosynthetic adaptive strategies of shade-tolerant species Panax notoginseng (Burkill) F. H. Chen to long-term high light and low light remains unclear. Photosynthetic performance, photosynthesis-related pigments, leaves anatomical characteristics and antioxidant enzyme activities were comparatively determined in P. notoginseng grown under different light regimes. The thickness of the upper epidermis, palisade tissue, and lower epidermis were declined with increasing growth irradiance. Low-light-grown leaves were declined in transpiration rate (Tr) and stomatal conductance (Cond), but intercellular CO2 concentration (C i) and net photosynthesis rate (P n) had opposite trends. The maximum photo-oxidation P 700 + (P m) was greatly reduced in 29.8% full sunlight (FL) plants; The maximum quantum yield of photosystem II (F v/F m) in 0.2% FL plants was significantly lowest. Electron transport, thermal dissipation, and the effective quantum yield of PSI [Y(I)] and PSII [Y(II)] were declined in low-light-grown plants compared with high-light-grown P. notoginseng. The minimum value of non-regulated energy dissipation of PSII [Y(NO)] was recorded in 0.2% FL P. notoginseng. OJIP kinetic curve showed that relative variable fluorescence at J-phase (V J) and the ratio of variable fluorescent F K occupying the F J-F O amplitude (W k) were significantly increased in 0.2% FL plants. However, the increase in W k was lower than the increase in V J. In conclusion, PSI photoinhibition is the underlying sensitivity of the typically shade-tolerant species P. notoginseng to high light, and the photodamage to PSII acceptor side might cause the typically shade-tolerant plants to be unsuitable for long-term low light stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhu Cun
- College of Agronomy & Biotechnology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Plant Biology of Yunnan Province, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
- National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center on Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Chinese Medicinal Materials in Southwestern China, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
| | - Xiang-Zeng Xu
- College of Agronomy & Biotechnology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Plant Biology of Yunnan Province, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
- National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center on Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Chinese Medicinal Materials in Southwestern China, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
- Research Center for Collection and Utilization of Tropical Crop Resources, Yunnan Institute of Tropical Crops, Xishuangbanna, China
| | - Jin-Yan Zhang
- College of Agronomy & Biotechnology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Plant Biology of Yunnan Province, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
- National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center on Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Chinese Medicinal Materials in Southwestern China, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
| | - Sheng-Pu Shuang
- College of Agronomy & Biotechnology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Plant Biology of Yunnan Province, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
- National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center on Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Chinese Medicinal Materials in Southwestern China, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
| | - Hong-Min Wu
- College of Agronomy & Biotechnology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Plant Biology of Yunnan Province, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
- National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center on Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Chinese Medicinal Materials in Southwestern China, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
| | - Tong-Xin An
- College of Agronomy & Biotechnology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
| | - Jun-Wen Chen
- College of Agronomy & Biotechnology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Plant Biology of Yunnan Province, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
- National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center on Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Chinese Medicinal Materials in Southwestern China, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
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Yudina L, Sukhova E, Popova A, Zolin Y, Abasheva K, Grebneva K, Sukhov V. Hyperpolarization electrical signals induced by local action of moderate heating influence photosynthetic light reactions in wheat plants. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1153731. [PMID: 37089652 PMCID: PMC10113467 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1153731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 03/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Local action of stressors induces fast changes in physiological processes in intact parts of plants including photosynthetic inactivation. This response is mediated by generation and propagation of depolarization electrical signals (action potentials and variation potentials) and participates in increasing plant tolerance to action of adverse factors. Earlier, we showed that a local action of physiological stimuli (moderate heating and blue light), which can be observed under environmental conditions, induces hyperpolarization electrical signals (system potentials) in wheat plants. It potentially means that these signals can play a key role in induction of fast physiological changes under the local action of environmental stressors. The current work was devoted to investigation of influence of hyperpolarization electrical signals induced by the local action of the moderate heating and blue light on parameters of photosynthetic light reactions. A quantum yield of photosystem II (ФPSII) and a non-photochemical quenching of chlorophyll fluorescence (NPQ) in wheat plants were investigated. It was shown that combination of the moderate heating (40°C) and blue light (540 µmol m-2s-1) decreased ФPSII and increased NPQ; these changes were observed in 3-5 cm from border of the irritated zone and dependent on intensity of actinic light. The moderate soil drought (7 days) increased magnitude of photosynthetic changes and shifted their localization which were observed on 5-7 cm from the irritated zone; in contrast, the strong soil drought (14 days) suppressed these changes. The local moderate heating decreased ФPSII and increased NPQ without action of the blue light; in contrast, the local blue light action without heating weakly influenced these parameters. It meant that just local heating was mechanism of induction of the photosynthetic changes. Finally, propagation of hyperpolarization electrical signals (system potentials) was necessary for decreasing ФPSII and increasing NPQ. Thus, our results show that hyperpolarization electrical signals induced by the local action of the moderate heating inactivates photosynthetic light reactions; this response is similar with photosynthetic changes induced by depolarization electrical signals. The soil drought and actinic light intensity can influence parameters of these photosynthetic changes.
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Obara A, Ogawa M, Oyama Y, Suzuki Y, Kono M. Effects of High Irradiance and Low Water Temperature on Photoinhibition and Repair of Photosystems in Marimo ( Aegagropila linnaei) in Lake Akan, Japan. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 24:ijms24010060. [PMID: 36613526 PMCID: PMC9820325 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24010060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2022] [Revised: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 12/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The green alga Aegagropila linnaei often forms spherical aggregates called "marimo" in Lake Akan in Japan. In winter, marimo are exposed to low water temperatures at 1-4 °C but protected from strong sunlight by ice coverage, which may disappear due to global warming. In this study, photoinhibition in marimo was examined at 2 °C using chlorophyll fluorescence and 830 nm absorption. Filamentous cells of A. linnaei dissected from marimo were exposed to strong light at 2 °C. Photosystem II (PSII) was markedly photoinhibited, while photosystem I was unaffected. When the cells with PSII damaged by the 4 h treatment were subsequently illuminated with moderate repair light at 2 °C, the maximal efficiency of PSII was recovered to the level before photoinhibition. However, after the longer photoinhibitory treatments, PSII efficiency did not recover by the repair light. When the cells were exposed to simulated diurnal light for 12 h per day, which was more ecological, the cells died within a few days. Our results showed new findings of the PSII repair at 2 °C and serious damage at the cellular level from prolonged high-light treatments. Further, we provided a clue to what may happen to marimo in Lake Akan in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akina Obara
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Kanagawa University, 2946 Tsuchiya, Kanagawa, Hiratsuka 259-1293, Japan
| | - Mari Ogawa
- Department of Primary Education, Faculty of Education, Yasuda Women’s University, 6-13-1 Yasuhigashi, Asaminami-ku, Hiroshima 731-0153, Japan
| | - Yoichi Oyama
- Marimo Research Center, Kushiro Board of Education, Hokkaido, Kushiro 085-0467, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Suzuki
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Kanagawa University, 2946 Tsuchiya, Kanagawa, Hiratsuka 259-1293, Japan
| | - Masaru Kono
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-3-5841-4467; Fax: +81-3-5841-4465
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de Sousa A, AbdElgawad H, Fidalgo F, Teixeira J, Matos M, Tamagnini P, Fernandes R, Figueiredo F, Azenha M, Teles LO, Korany SM, Alsherif EA, Selim S, Beemster GTS, Asard H. Subcellular compartmentalization of aluminum reduced its hazardous impact on rye photosynthesis. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2022; 315:120313. [PMID: 36228849 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2022.120313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2022] [Revised: 09/25/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Aluminum (Al) toxicity limits crops growth and production in acidic soils. Compared to roots, less is known about the toxic effects of Al in leaves. Al subcellular compartmentalization is also largely unknown. Using rye (Secale cereale L.) Beira (more tolerant) and RioDeva (more sensitive to Al) genotypes, we evaluated the patterns of Al accumulation in leaf cell organelles and the photosynthetic and metabolic changes to cope with Al toxicity. The tolerant genotype accumulated less Al in all organelles, except the vacuoles. This suggests that Al compartmentalization plays a role in Al tolerance of Beira genotype. PSII efficiency, stomatal conductance, pigment biosynthesis, and photosynthesis metabolism were less affected in the tolerant genotype. In the Calvin cycle, carboxylation was compromised by Al exposure in the tolerant genotype. Other Calvin cycle-related enzymes, phoshoglycerate kinase (PGK), glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH), triose-phosphate isomerase (TPI), and fructose 1,6-bisphosphatase (FBPase) activities decreased in the sensitive line after 48 h of Al exposure. Consequentially, carbohydrate and organic acid metabolism were affected in a genotype-specific manner, where sugar levels increased only in the tolerant genotype. In conclusion, Al transport to the leaf and compartmentalization in the vacuoles tolerant genotype's leaf cells provide complementary mechanisms of Al tolerance, protecting the photosynthetic apparatus and thereby sustaining growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra de Sousa
- Plant Stress Lab - GreenUPorto Sustainable Agrifood Production Research Center, Biology Department, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre s/n, 4169-007, Porto, Portugal; Laboratory for Integrated Molecular Plant Physiology Research (IMPRES), Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, B-2020, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Hamada AbdElgawad
- Laboratory for Integrated Molecular Plant Physiology Research (IMPRES), Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, B-2020, Antwerp, Belgium; Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University, 62511, Beni-Suef, Egypt.
| | - Fernanda Fidalgo
- Plant Stress Lab - GreenUPorto Sustainable Agrifood Production Research Center, Biology Department, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre s/n, 4169-007, Porto, Portugal
| | - Jorge Teixeira
- Plant Stress Lab - GreenUPorto Sustainable Agrifood Production Research Center, Biology Department, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre s/n, 4169-007, Porto, Portugal
| | - Manuela Matos
- Biosystems & Integrative Sciences Institute (BioISI), Department of Genetics and Biotechnology, UTAD- University of Trás-os-Montes e Alto-Douro, Quinta dos Prados, 5000-801, Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Paula Tamagnini
- HEMS-Histology and Electron Microscopy Service, Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen, 208, 4200-135, Porto, Portugal
| | - Rui Fernandes
- HEMS-Histology and Electron Microscopy Service, Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen, 208, 4200-135, Porto, Portugal
| | - Francisco Figueiredo
- HEMS-Histology and Electron Microscopy Service, Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen, 208, 4200-135, Porto, Portugal
| | - Manuel Azenha
- IQ-UP, Departamento de Química e Bioquímica, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Luís Oliva Teles
- CIIMAR, Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação Marinha e Ambiental, Rua dos Bragas n° 289, Porto, 4050-123, Portugal
| | - Shereen Magdy Korany
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, P.O. Box 84428, Riyadh, 11671, Saudi Arabia
| | - Emad A Alsherif
- Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University, 62511, Beni-Suef, Egypt; Biology Department, College of Science and Arts at Khulis, University of Jeddah, Jeddah, 21959, Saudi Arabia
| | - Samy Selim
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Jouf University, Sakaka, 72341, Saudi Arabia
| | - Gerrit T S Beemster
- Laboratory for Integrated Molecular Plant Physiology Research (IMPRES), Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, B-2020, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Han Asard
- Laboratory for Integrated Molecular Plant Physiology Research (IMPRES), Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, B-2020, Antwerp, Belgium
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Riznichenko GY, Belyaeva NE, Kovalenko IB, Antal TK, Goryachev SN, Maslakov AS, Plyusnina TY, Fedorov VA, Khruschev SS, Yakovleva OV, Rubin AB. Mathematical Simulation of Electron Transport in the Primary Photosynthetic Processes. BIOCHEMISTRY (MOSCOW) 2022; 87:1065-1083. [DOI: 10.1134/s0006297922100017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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14
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Štroch M, Karlický V, Ilík P, Ilíková I, Opatíková M, Nosek L, Pospíšil P, Svrčková M, Rác M, Roudnický P, Zdráhal Z, Špunda V, Kouřil R. Spruce versus Arabidopsis: different strategies of photosynthetic acclimation to light intensity change. PHOTOSYNTHESIS RESEARCH 2022; 154:21-40. [PMID: 35980499 DOI: 10.1007/s11120-022-00949-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2022] [Accepted: 07/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The acclimation of higher plants to different light intensities is associated with a reorganization of the photosynthetic apparatus. These modifications, namely, changes in the amount of peripheral antenna (LHCII) of photosystem (PS) II and changes in PSII/PSI stoichiometry, typically lead to an altered chlorophyll (Chl) a/b ratio. However, our previous studies show that in spruce, this ratio is not affected by changes in growth light intensity. The evolutionary loss of PSII antenna proteins LHCB3 and LHCB6 in the Pinaceae family is another indication that the light acclimation strategy in spruce could be different. Here we show that, unlike Arabidopsis, spruce does not modify its PSII/PSI ratio and PSII antenna size to maximize its photosynthetic performance during light acclimation. Its large PSII antenna consists of many weakly bound LHCIIs, which form effective quenching centers, even at relatively low light. This, together with sensitive photosynthetic control on the level of cytochrome b6f complex (protecting PSI), is the crucial photoprotective mechanism in spruce. High-light acclimation of spruce involves the disruption of PSII macro-organization, reduction of the amount of both PSII and PSI core complexes, synthesis of stress proteins that bind released Chls, and formation of "locked-in" quenching centers from uncoupled LHCIIs. Such response has been previously observed in the evergreen angiosperm Monstera deliciosa exposed to high light. We suggest that, in contrast to annuals, shade-tolerant evergreen land plants have their own strategy to cope with light intensity changes and the hallmark of this strategy is a stable Chl a/b ratio.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michal Štroch
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Ostrava, 710 00, Ostrava, Czech Republic.
- Global Change Research Institute, Czech Academy of Sciences, 603 00, Brno, Czech Republic.
| | - Václav Karlický
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Ostrava, 710 00, Ostrava, Czech Republic
- Global Change Research Institute, Czech Academy of Sciences, 603 00, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Ilík
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Science, Palacký University, 783 71, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Iva Ilíková
- Institute of Experimental Botany, Czech Academy of Sciences, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, 779 00, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Monika Opatíková
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Science, Palacký University, 783 71, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Lukáš Nosek
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Science, Palacký University, 783 71, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Pavel Pospíšil
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Science, Palacký University, 783 71, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Marika Svrčková
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Science, Palacký University, 783 71, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Marek Rác
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Science, Palacký University, 783 71, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Pavel Roudnický
- Mendel Centre for Plant Genomics and Proteomics, Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, 625 00, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Zbyněk Zdráhal
- Mendel Centre for Plant Genomics and Proteomics, Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, 625 00, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Vladimír Špunda
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Ostrava, 710 00, Ostrava, Czech Republic
- Global Change Research Institute, Czech Academy of Sciences, 603 00, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Roman Kouřil
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Science, Palacký University, 783 71, Olomouc, Czech Republic
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15
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Ustynyuk LY, Tikhonov AN. Plastoquinol Oxidation: Rate-Limiting Stage in the Electron Transport Chain of Chloroplasts. BIOCHEMISTRY (MOSCOW) 2022; 87:1084-1097. [DOI: 10.1134/s0006297922100029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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16
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Suslichenko IS, Trubitsin BV, Vershubskii AV, Tikhonov AN. The noninvasive monitoring of the redox status of photosynthetic electron transport chains in Hibiscus rosa-sinensis and Tradescantia leaves. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2022; 185:233-243. [PMID: 35716433 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2022.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2022] [Revised: 05/13/2022] [Accepted: 06/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
We present an approach to the noninvasive determination of the electron capacity of the intersystem pool of electron carriers in chloroplasts in situ. As apt experimental models, we used the leaves of Hibiscus rosa-sinensis and Tradescantia species. Electron paramagnetic resonance and optical response of P700 (the primary electron donor in Photosystem I) were applied to measuring electron transport in chloroplasts. Electron capacities of the intersystem electron transport chain (ETC) were determined from redox transients of P700 upon chromatic transitions (white light → far-red light). During the induction period, we observed the nonmonotonic changes in the number of electron equivalents in the intersystem ETC per P700 (parameter Q). In Hibiscus rosa-sinensis, the light-induced rise of Q from ≈2.5 (in the dark) to Q ≈ 12 was followed by its decrease to Q ≈ 6. The data obtained are discussed in the context of pH-dependent regulation of electron transport in chloroplasts, which provides the well-balanced operation of the intersystem ETC. The decay of Q is explained by the attenuation of Photosystem II activity due to the lumen acidification and the acceleration of plastoquinol re-oxidation as a result of the Calvin-Benson cycle activation. Our computer model of electron and proton transport coupled to ATP synthesis in chloroplasts was used to analyze the up and down feedbacks responsible for pH-dependent regulation of electron transport in chloroplasts. The procedures introduced here may be important for subsequent works aimed at defining the plastoquinone participation in regulation of photosynthetic processes in chloroplasts in situ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Igor S Suslichenko
- Faculty of Physics, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Boris V Trubitsin
- Faculty of Physics, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
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17
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Riznichenko GY, Antal TK, Belyaeva NE, Khruschev SS, Kovalenko IB, Maslakov AS, Plyusnina TY, Fedorov VA, Rubin AB. Molecular, Brownian, kinetic and stochastic models of the processes in photosynthetic membrane of green plants and microalgae. Biophys Rev 2022; 14:985-1004. [PMID: 36124262 PMCID: PMC9481862 DOI: 10.1007/s12551-022-00988-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 10/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The paper presents the results of recent work at the Department of Biophysics of the Biological Faculty, Lomonosov Moscow State University on the kinetic and multiparticle modeling of processes in the photosynthetic membrane. The detailed kinetic models and the rule-based kinetic Monte Carlo models allow to reproduce the fluorescence induction curves and redox transformations of the photoactive pigment P700 in the time range from 100 ns to dozens of seconds and make it possible to reveal the role of individual carriers in their formation for different types of photosynthetic organisms under different illumination regimes, in the presence of inhibitors, under stress conditions. The fitting of the model curves to the experimental data quantifies the reaction rate constants that cannot be directly measured experimentally, including the non-radiative thermal relaxation reactions. We use the direct multiparticle models to explicitly describe the interactions of mobile photosynthetic carrier proteins with multienzyme complexes both in solution and in the biomembrane interior. An analysis of these models reveals the role of diffusion and electrostatic factors in the regulation of electron transport, the influence of ionic strength and pH of the cellular environment on the rate of electron transport reactions between carrier proteins. To describe the conformational intramolecular processes of formation of the final complex, in which the actual electron transfer occurs, we use the methods of molecular dynamics. The results obtained using kinetic and molecular models supplement our knowledge of the mechanisms of organization of the photosynthetic electron transport processes at the cellular and molecular levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Galina Yu. Riznichenko
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory 1/12, 119234 Moscow, Russia
| | - Taras K. Antal
- Laboratory of Integrated Environmental Research, Pskov State University, Lenin Sq. 2, 180000 Pskov, Russia
| | - Natalia E. Belyaeva
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory 1/12, 119234 Moscow, Russia
| | - Sergey S. Khruschev
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory 1/12, 119234 Moscow, Russia
| | - Ilya B. Kovalenko
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory 1/12, 119234 Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexey S. Maslakov
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory 1/12, 119234 Moscow, Russia
| | - Tatyana Yu Plyusnina
- Faculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory 1/12, 119234 Moscow, Russia
| | - Vladimir A. Fedorov
- Faculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory 1/12, 119234 Moscow, Russia
| | - Andrey B. Rubin
- Faculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory 1/12, 119234 Moscow, Russia
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18
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Ruuge EK, Tikhonov AN. Electron Paramagnetic Resonance: Study of the Regulatory Mechanisms of Light Phases of Photosynthesis in Plants. Biophysics (Nagoya-shi) 2022. [DOI: 10.1134/s0006350922030186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
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19
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Sukhova E, Yudina L, Kior A, Kior D, Popova A, Zolin Y, Gromova E, Sukhov V. Modified Photochemical Reflectance Indices as New Tool for Revealing Influence of Drought and Heat on Pea and Wheat Plants. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 11:1308. [PMID: 35631733 PMCID: PMC9147454 DOI: 10.3390/plants11101308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2022] [Revised: 05/11/2022] [Accepted: 05/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
In environmental conditions, plants can be affected by the action of numerous abiotic stressors. These stressors can induce both damage of physiological processes and adaptive changes including signaling-based changes. Development of optical methods of revealing influence of stressors on plants is an important task for plant investigations. The photochemical reflectance index (PRI) based on plant reflectance at 531 nm (measuring wavelength) and 570 nm (reference wavelength) can be effective tool of revealing plant stress changes (mainly, photosynthetic changes); however, its efficiency is strongly varied at different conditions. Earlier, we proposed series of modified PRIs with moderate shifts of the measuring wavelength and showed that these indices can be effective for revealing photosynthetic changes under fluctuations in light intensity. The current work was devoted to the analysis of sensitivity of these modified PRIs to action of drought and short-term heat stress. Investigation of spatially-fixed leaves of pea plants showed that the modified PRI with the shorter measuring wavelength (515 nm) was increased under response of drought and heat; by contrast, the modified PRI with the longer wavelength (555 nm) was decreased under response to these stressors. Changes of investigated indices could be related to parameters of photosynthetic light reactions; however, these relations were stronger for the modified PRI with the 555 nm measuring wavelength. Investigation of canopy of pea (vegetation room) and wheat (vegetation room and open-ground) supported these results. Thus, moderate changes in the measuring wavelengths of PRI can strongly modify the efficiency of their use for the estimation of plant physiological changes (mainly photosynthetic changes) under action of stressors. It is probable that the modified PRI with the 555 nm measuring wavelength (or similar indices) can be an effective tool for revealing photosynthetic changes induced by stressors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ekaterina Sukhova
- Department of Biophysics, N.I. Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod, 603950 Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
| | - Lyubov Yudina
- Department of Biophysics, N.I. Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod, 603950 Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
| | - Anastasiia Kior
- Department of Biophysics, N.I. Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod, 603950 Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
| | - Dmitry Kior
- Department of Biophysics, N.I. Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod, 603950 Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
| | - Alyona Popova
- Department of Biophysics, N.I. Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod, 603950 Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
| | - Yuriy Zolin
- Department of Biophysics, N.I. Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod, 603950 Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
| | - Ekaterina Gromova
- Department of Biophysics, N.I. Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod, 603950 Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
| | - Vladimir Sukhov
- Department of Biophysics, N.I. Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod, 603950 Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
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20
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Kono M, Matsuzawa S, Noguchi T, Miyata K, Oguchi R, Terashima I. A new method for separate evaluation of PSII with inactive oxygen evolving complex and active D1 by the pulse-amplitude modulated chlorophyll fluorometry. FUNCTIONAL PLANT BIOLOGY : FPB 2022; 49:542-553. [PMID: 34511179 DOI: 10.1071/fp21073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2021] [Accepted: 08/13/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
A method that separately quantifies the PSII with inactive oxygen-evolving complex (OEC) and active D1 retaining the primary quinone acceptor (QA )-reducing activity from the PSII with damaged D1 in the leaf was developed using PAM fluorometry. It is necessary to fully reduce QA to obtain F m , the maximum fluorescence. However, QA in PSII with inactive OEC and active D1 would not be fully reduced by a saturating flash. We used the acceptor-side inhibitor DCMU to fully reduce QA . Leaves of cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) were chilled at 4°C in dark or illuminated with UV-A to selectively inactivate OEC. After these treatments, F v /F m , the maximum quantum yield, in the leaves vacuum-infiltrated with DCMU were greater than those in water-infiltrated leaves. In contrast, when the leaves were illuminated by red light to photodamage D1, F v /F m did not differ between DCMU- and water-infiltrated leaves. These results indicate relevance of the present evaluation of the fraction of PSII with inactive OEC and active D1. Several examinations in the laboratory and glasshouse showed that PSII with inactive OEC and active D1 was only rarely observed. The present simple method would serve as a useful tool to clarify the details of the PSII photoinhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masaru Kono
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan; and Corresponding author
| | - Sae Matsuzawa
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Takaya Noguchi
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Kazunori Miyata
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Riichi Oguchi
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Ichiro Terashima
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
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21
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Regulation of the generation of reactive oxygen species during photosynthetic electron transport. Biochem Soc Trans 2022; 50:1025-1034. [PMID: 35437580 DOI: 10.1042/bst20211246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2022] [Revised: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Light capture by chlorophylls and photosynthetic electron transport bury the risk of the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) including singlet oxygen, superoxide anion radicals and hydrogen peroxide. Rapid changes in light intensity, electron fluxes and accumulation of strong oxidants and reductants increase ROS production. Superoxide is mainly generated at the level of photosystem I while photosystem II is the main source of singlet oxygen. ROS can induce oxidative damage of the photosynthetic apparatus, however, ROS are also important to tune processes inside the chloroplast and participate in retrograde signalling regulating the expression of genes involved in acclimation responses. Under most physiological conditions light harvesting and photosynthetic electron transport are regulated to keep the level of ROS at a non-destructive level. Photosystem II is most prone to photoinhibition but can be quickly repaired while photosystem I is protected in most cases. The size of the transmembrane proton gradient is central for the onset of mechanisms that protect against photoinhibition. The proton gradient allows dissipation of excess energy as heat in the antenna systems and it regulates electron transport. pH-dependent slowing down of electron donation to photosystem I protects it against ROS generation and damage. Cyclic electron transfer and photoreduction of oxygen contribute to the size of the proton gradient. The yield of singlet oxygen production in photosystem II is regulated by changes in the midpoint potential of its primary quinone acceptor. In addition, numerous antioxidants inside the photosystems, the antenna and the thylakoid membrane quench or scavenge ROS.
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22
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Shuang SP, Zhang JY, Cun Z, Wu HM, Hong J, Chen JW. A Comparison of Photoprotective Mechanism in Different Light-Demanding Plants Under Dynamic Light Conditions. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:819843. [PMID: 35463455 PMCID: PMC9019478 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.819843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2021] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Light intensity is highly heterogeneous in nature, and plants have evolved a series of strategies to acclimate to dynamic light due to their immobile lifestyles. However, it is still unknown whether there are differences in photoprotective mechanisms among different light-demanding plants in response to dynamic light, and thus the role of non-photochemical quenching (NPQ), electron transport, and light energy allocation of photosystems in photoprotection needs to be further understood in different light-demanding plants. The activities of photosystem II (PSII) and photosystem I (PSI) in shade-tolerant species Panax notoginseng, intermediate species Polygonatum kingianum, and sun-demanding species Erigeron breviscapus were comparatively measured to elucidate photoprotection mechanisms in different light-demanding plants under dynamic light. The results showed that the NPQ and PSII maximum efficiency (F v'/F m') of E. breviscapus were higher than the other two species under dynamic high light. Meanwhile, cyclic electron flow (CEF) of sun plants is larger under transient high light conditions since the slope of post-illumination, P700 dark reduction rate, and plastoquinone (PQ) pool were greater. NPQ was more active and CEF was initiated more readily in shade plants than the two other species under transient light. Moreover, sun plants processed higher quantum yield of PSII photochemistry (ΦPSII), quantum yield of photochemical energy conversion [Y(I)], and quantum yield of non-photochemical energy dissipation due to acceptor side limitation (Y(NA), while the constitutive thermal dissipation and fluorescence (Φf,d) and quantum yield of non-photochemical energy dissipation due to donor side limitation [Y(ND)] of PSI were higher in shade plants. These results suggest that sun plants had higher NPQ and CEF for photoprotection under transient high light and mainly allocated light energy through ΦPSII and ΦNPQ, while shade plants had a higher Φf,d and a larger heat dissipation efficiency of PSI donor. Overall, it has been demonstrated that the photochemical efficiency and photoprotective capacity are greater in sun plants under transient dynamic light, while shade plants are more sensitive to transient dynamic light.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng-Pu Shuang
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Plant Biology of Yunnan Province, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
- National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center on Germplasm Innovation and Utilization of Chinese Medicinal Materials in Southwestern China, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
| | - Jin-Yan Zhang
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Plant Biology of Yunnan Province, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
- National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center on Germplasm Innovation and Utilization of Chinese Medicinal Materials in Southwestern China, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
| | - Zhu Cun
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Plant Biology of Yunnan Province, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
- National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center on Germplasm Innovation and Utilization of Chinese Medicinal Materials in Southwestern China, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
| | - Hong-Min Wu
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Plant Biology of Yunnan Province, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
- National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center on Germplasm Innovation and Utilization of Chinese Medicinal Materials in Southwestern China, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
| | - Jie Hong
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Plant Biology of Yunnan Province, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
- National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center on Germplasm Innovation and Utilization of Chinese Medicinal Materials in Southwestern China, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
| | - Jun-Wen Chen
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Plant Biology of Yunnan Province, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
- National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center on Germplasm Innovation and Utilization of Chinese Medicinal Materials in Southwestern China, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
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Oung HMO, Mukhopadhyay R, Svoboda V, Charuvi D, Reich Z, Kirchhoff H. Differential response of the photosynthetic machinery to dehydration in older and younger resurrection plants. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2022; 73:1566-1580. [PMID: 34747457 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erab485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2021] [Accepted: 11/03/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
A group of vascular plants called homoiochlorophyllous resurrection plants evolved unique capabilities to protect their photosynthetic machinery against desiccation-induced damage. This study examined whether the ontogenetic status of the resurrection plant Craterostigma pumilum has an impact on how the plant responds to dehydration at the thylakoid membrane level to prepare cells for the desiccated state. Thus, younger plants (<4 months) were compared with their older (>6 months) counterparts. Ultrastructural analysis provided evidence that younger plants suppressed senescence-like programs that are realized in older plants. During dehydration, older plants degrade specific subunits of the photosynthetic apparatus such as the D1 subunit of PSII and subunits of the cytochrome b6f complex. The latter leads to a controlled down-regulation of linear electron transport. In contrast, younger plants increased photoprotective high-energy quenching mechanisms and maintained a high capability to replace damaged D1 subunits. It follows that depending on the ontogenetic state, either more degradation-based or more photoprotective mechanisms are employed during dehydration of Craterostigma pumilum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Min Olivia Oung
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, USA
| | - Roma Mukhopadhyay
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, USA
| | - Vaclav Svoboda
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, USA
| | - Dana Charuvi
- Institute of Plant Sciences, Agricultural Research Organization - Volcani Institute, Rishon LeZion 7505101, Israel
| | - Ziv Reich
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - Helmut Kirchhoff
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, USA
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Takahashi Y, Wada S, Noguchi K, Miyake C, Makino A, Suzuki Y. Photochemistry of Photosystems II and I in Rice Plants Grown under Different N Levels at Normal and High Temperature. PLANT & CELL PHYSIOLOGY 2021; 62:1121-1130. [PMID: 33576433 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcab020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2020] [Accepted: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Although N levels affect leaf photosynthetic capacity, the effects of N levels on the photochemistry of photosystems II and I (PSII and PSI, respectively) are not well-understood. In the present study, we examined this aspect in rice (Oryza sativa L. 'Hitomebore') plants grown under three different N levels at normal or high temperatures that can occur during rice culture and do not severely suppress photosynthesis. At both growth temperatures, the quantum efficiency of PSII [Y(II)] and the fraction of the primary quinone electron acceptor in its oxidized state were positively correlated with the amount of total leaf-N, whereas the quantum yields of non-photochemical quenching and donor-side limitation of PSI [Y(ND)] were negatively correlated with the amount of total leaf-N. These changes in PSII and PSI parameters were strongly correlated with each other. Growth temperatures scarcely affected these relationships. These results suggest that the photochemistry of PSII and PSI is coordinately regulated primarily depending on the amount of total leaf-N. When excess light energy occurs in low N-acclimated plants, oxidation of the reaction center chlorophyll of PSI is thought to be stimulated to protect PSI from excess light energy. It is also suggested that PSII and PSI normally operate at high temperature used in the present study. In addition, as the relationships between Y(II) and Y(ND) were found to be almost identical to those observed in osmotically stressed rice plants, common regulation is thought to be operative when excess light energy occurs due to different causes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Takahashi
- Faculty of Agriculture, Iwate University, 3-18-8 Ueda, Morioka, 020-8550 Japan
| | - Shinya Wada
- Faculty of Agriculture, Iwate University, 3-18-8 Ueda, Morioka, 020-8550 Japan
- Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodai, Nada-ku, Kobe, 657-8501 Japan
| | - Ko Noguchi
- School of Life Sciences, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, 1432-1 Horinouchi, Hachioji, 192-0392 Japan
| | - Chikahiro Miyake
- Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodai, Nada-ku, Kobe, 657-8501 Japan
| | - Amane Makino
- Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Aramaki-Aoba 468-1, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-8572 Japan
| | - Yuji Suzuki
- Faculty of Agriculture, Iwate University, 3-18-8 Ueda, Morioka, 020-8550 Japan
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25
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Sukhova E, Gromova E, Yudina L, Kior A, Vetrova Y, Ilin N, Mareev E, Vodeneev V, Sukhov V. Change in H + Transport across Thylakoid Membrane as Potential Mechanism of 14.3 Hz Magnetic Field Impact on Photosynthetic Light Reactions in Seedlings of Wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.). PLANTS 2021; 10:plants10102207. [PMID: 34686016 PMCID: PMC8537839 DOI: 10.3390/plants10102207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Natural and artificial extremely low-frequency magnetic fields (ELFMFs) are important factors influencing physiological processes in living organisms including terrestrial plants. Earlier, it was experimentally shown that short-term and long-term treatments by ELFMFs with Schumann resonance frequencies (7.8, 14.3, and 20.8 Hz) influenced parameters of photosynthetic light reactions in wheat leaves. The current work is devoted to an analysis of potential ways of this ELFMF influence on the light reactions. Only a short-term wheat treatment by 14.3 Hz ELFMF was used in the analysis. First, it was experimentally shown that ELFMF-induced changes (an increase in the effective quantum yield of photosystem II, a decrease in the non-photochemical quenching of chlorophyll fluorescence, a decrease in time of changes in these parameters, etc.) were observed under the action of ELFMF with widely ranging magnitudes (from 3 to 180 µT). In contrast, the potential quantum yield of photosystem II and time of relaxation of the energy-dependent component of the non-photochemical quenching were not significantly influenced by ELFMF. Second, it was shown that the ELFMF treatment decreased the proton gradient across the thylakoid membrane. In contrast, the H+ conductivity increased under this treatment. Third, an analysis of the simplest mathematical model of an H+ transport across the thylakoid membrane, which was developed in this work, showed that changes in H+ fluxes related to activities of the photosynthetic electron transport chain and the H+-ATP synthase were not likely a mechanism of the ELFMF influence. In contrast, changes induced by an increase in an additional H+ flux (probably, through the proton leakage and/or through the H+/Ca2+ antiporter activity in the thylakoid membrane) were in good accordance with experimental results. Thus, we hypothesized that this increase is the mechanism of the 14.3 Hz ELFMF influence (and, maybe, influences of other low frequencies) on photosynthetic light reactions in wheat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ekaterina Sukhova
- Department of Biophysics, N.I. Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod, 603950 Nizhny Novgorod, Russia; (E.S.); (E.G.); (L.Y.); (A.K.); (Y.V.); (V.V.)
- Earth’s Electromagnetic Environment Laboratory, Institute of Applied Physics of Russian Academy of Sciences, 603600 Nizhny Novgorod, Russia; (N.I.); (E.M.)
| | - Ekaterina Gromova
- Department of Biophysics, N.I. Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod, 603950 Nizhny Novgorod, Russia; (E.S.); (E.G.); (L.Y.); (A.K.); (Y.V.); (V.V.)
| | - Lyubov Yudina
- Department of Biophysics, N.I. Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod, 603950 Nizhny Novgorod, Russia; (E.S.); (E.G.); (L.Y.); (A.K.); (Y.V.); (V.V.)
| | - Anastasiia Kior
- Department of Biophysics, N.I. Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod, 603950 Nizhny Novgorod, Russia; (E.S.); (E.G.); (L.Y.); (A.K.); (Y.V.); (V.V.)
- Earth’s Electromagnetic Environment Laboratory, Institute of Applied Physics of Russian Academy of Sciences, 603600 Nizhny Novgorod, Russia; (N.I.); (E.M.)
| | - Yana Vetrova
- Department of Biophysics, N.I. Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod, 603950 Nizhny Novgorod, Russia; (E.S.); (E.G.); (L.Y.); (A.K.); (Y.V.); (V.V.)
| | - Nikolay Ilin
- Earth’s Electromagnetic Environment Laboratory, Institute of Applied Physics of Russian Academy of Sciences, 603600 Nizhny Novgorod, Russia; (N.I.); (E.M.)
| | - Evgeny Mareev
- Earth’s Electromagnetic Environment Laboratory, Institute of Applied Physics of Russian Academy of Sciences, 603600 Nizhny Novgorod, Russia; (N.I.); (E.M.)
| | - Vladimir Vodeneev
- Department of Biophysics, N.I. Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod, 603950 Nizhny Novgorod, Russia; (E.S.); (E.G.); (L.Y.); (A.K.); (Y.V.); (V.V.)
- Earth’s Electromagnetic Environment Laboratory, Institute of Applied Physics of Russian Academy of Sciences, 603600 Nizhny Novgorod, Russia; (N.I.); (E.M.)
| | - Vladimir Sukhov
- Department of Biophysics, N.I. Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod, 603950 Nizhny Novgorod, Russia; (E.S.); (E.G.); (L.Y.); (A.K.); (Y.V.); (V.V.)
- Earth’s Electromagnetic Environment Laboratory, Institute of Applied Physics of Russian Academy of Sciences, 603600 Nizhny Novgorod, Russia; (N.I.); (E.M.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +7-909-292-8653
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Chadee A, Alber NA, Dahal K, Vanlerberghe GC. The Complementary Roles of Chloroplast Cyclic Electron Transport and Mitochondrial Alternative Oxidase to Ensure Photosynthetic Performance. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:748204. [PMID: 34650584 PMCID: PMC8505746 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.748204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Chloroplasts use light energy and a linear electron transport (LET) pathway for the coupled generation of NADPH and ATP. It is widely accepted that the production ratio of ATP to NADPH is usually less than required to fulfill the energetic needs of the chloroplast. Left uncorrected, this would quickly result in an over-reduction of the stromal pyridine nucleotide pool (i.e., high NADPH/NADP+ ratio) and under-energization of the stromal adenine nucleotide pool (i.e., low ATP/ADP ratio). These imbalances could cause metabolic bottlenecks, as well as increased generation of damaging reactive oxygen species. Chloroplast cyclic electron transport (CET) and the chloroplast malate valve could each act to prevent stromal over-reduction, albeit in distinct ways. CET avoids the NADPH production associated with LET, while the malate valve consumes the NADPH associated with LET. CET could operate by one of two different pathways, depending upon the chloroplast ATP demand. The NADH dehydrogenase-like pathway yields a higher ATP return per electron flux than the pathway involving PROTON GRADIENT REGULATION5 (PGR5) and PGR5-LIKE PHOTOSYNTHETIC PHENOTYPE1 (PGRL1). Similarly, the malate valve could couple with one of two different mitochondrial electron transport pathways, depending upon the cytosolic ATP demand. The cytochrome pathway yields a higher ATP return per electron flux than the alternative oxidase (AOX) pathway. In both Arabidopsis thaliana and Chlamydomonas reinhardtii, PGR5/PGRL1 pathway mutants have increased amounts of AOX, suggesting complementary roles for these two lesser-ATP yielding mechanisms of preventing stromal over-reduction. These two pathways may become most relevant under environmental stress conditions that lower the ATP demands for carbon fixation and carbohydrate export.
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Affiliation(s)
- Avesh Chadee
- Department of Biological Sciences, and Department of Cell and Systems Biology, University of Toronto Scarborough, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Nicole A. Alber
- Department of Biological Sciences, and Department of Cell and Systems Biology, University of Toronto Scarborough, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Keshav Dahal
- Fredericton Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Fredericton, NB, Canada
| | - Greg C. Vanlerberghe
- Department of Biological Sciences, and Department of Cell and Systems Biology, University of Toronto Scarborough, Toronto, ON, Canada
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27
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Cecchin M, Paloschi M, Busnardo G, Cazzaniga S, Cuine S, Li‐Beisson Y, Wobbe L, Ballottari M. CO 2 supply modulates lipid remodelling, photosynthetic and respiratory activities in Chlorella species. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2021; 44:2987-3001. [PMID: 33931891 PMCID: PMC8453743 DOI: 10.1111/pce.14074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2021] [Revised: 04/20/2021] [Accepted: 04/23/2021] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Microalgae represent a potential solution to reduce CO2 emission exploiting their photosynthetic activity. Here, the physiologic and metabolic responses at the base of CO2 assimilation were investigated in conditions of high or low CO2 availability in two of the most promising algae species for industrial cultivation, Chlorella sorokiniana and Chlorella vulgaris. In both species, high CO2 availability increased biomass accumulation with specific increase of triacylglycerols in C. vulgaris and polar lipids and proteins in C. sorokiniana. Moreover, high CO2 availability caused only in C. vulgaris a reduced NAD(P)H/NADP+ ratio and reduced mitochondrial respiration, suggesting a CO2 dependent increase of reducing power consumption in the chloroplast, which in turn influences the redox state of the mitochondria. Several rearrangements of the photosynthetic machinery were observed in both species, differing from those described for the model organism Chlamydomonas reinhardtii, where adaptation to carbon availability is mainly controlled by the translational repressor NAB1. NAB1 homologous protein could be identified only in C. vulgaris but lacked the regulation mechanisms previously described in C. reinhardtii. Acclimation strategies to cope with a fluctuating inorganic carbon supply are thus diverse among green microalgae, and these results suggest new biotechnological strategies to boost CO2 fixation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michela Cecchin
- Dipartimento di BiotecnologieUniversità di VeronaVeronaItaly
| | - Matteo Paloschi
- Dipartimento di BiotecnologieUniversità di VeronaVeronaItaly
| | | | | | - Stephan Cuine
- Aix‐Marseille Univ., CEA, CNRSInstitute of Biosciences and Biotechnologies of Aix‐Marseille, UMR7265, CEA CadaracheSaint‐Paul‐lez DuranceFrance
| | - Yonghua Li‐Beisson
- Aix‐Marseille Univ., CEA, CNRSInstitute of Biosciences and Biotechnologies of Aix‐Marseille, UMR7265, CEA CadaracheSaint‐Paul‐lez DuranceFrance
| | - Lutz Wobbe
- Bielefeld UniversityCenter for Biotechnology (CeBiTec), Faculty of BiologyBielefeldGermany
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28
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Zendonadi Dos Santos N, Piepho HP, Condorelli GE, Licieri Groli E, Newcomb M, Ward R, Tuberosa R, Maccaferri M, Fiorani F, Rascher U, Muller O. High-throughput field phenotyping reveals genetic variation in photosynthetic traits in durum wheat under drought. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2021; 44:2858-2878. [PMID: 34189744 DOI: 10.1111/pce.14136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2020] [Revised: 04/14/2021] [Accepted: 06/13/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Chlorophyll fluorescence (ChlF) is a powerful non-invasive technique for probing photosynthesis. Although proposed as a method for drought tolerance screening, ChlF has not yet been fully adopted in physiological breeding, mainly due to limitations in high-throughput field phenotyping capabilities. The light-induced fluorescence transient (LIFT) sensor has recently been shown to reliably provide active ChlF data for rapid and remote characterisation of plant photosynthetic performance. We used the LIFT sensor to quantify photosynthesis traits across time in a large panel of durum wheat genotypes subjected to a progressive drought in replicated field trials over two growing seasons. The photosynthetic performance was measured at the canopy level by means of the operating efficiency of Photosystem II ( Fq'/Fm' ) and the kinetics of electron transport measured by reoxidation rates ( Fr1' and Fr2' ). Short- and long-term changes in ChlF traits were found in response to soil water availability and due to interactions with weather fluctuations. In mild drought, Fq'/Fm' and Fr2' were little affected, while Fr1' was consistently accelerated in water-limited compared to well-watered plants, increasingly so with rising vapour pressure deficit. This high-throughput approach allowed assessment of the native genetic diversity in ChlF traits while considering the diurnal dynamics of photosynthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hans-Peter Piepho
- Biostatistics Unit, Institute of Crop Science, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany
| | | | - Eder Licieri Groli
- Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Maria Newcomb
- Maricopa Agricultural Center, University of Arizona, Maricopa, Arizona, USA
| | - Richard Ward
- Maricopa Agricultural Center, University of Arizona, Maricopa, Arizona, USA
| | - Roberto Tuberosa
- Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Marco Maccaferri
- Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Fabio Fiorani
- Institute of Bio- and Geosciences, IBG-2: Plant Sciences, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Jülich, Germany
| | - Uwe Rascher
- Institute of Bio- and Geosciences, IBG-2: Plant Sciences, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Jülich, Germany
| | - Onno Muller
- Institute of Bio- and Geosciences, IBG-2: Plant Sciences, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Jülich, Germany
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29
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Fedorchuk TP, Kireeva IA, Opanasenko VK, Terentyev VV, Rudenko NN, Borisova-Mubarakshina MM, Ivanov BN. Alpha Carbonic Anhydrase 5 Mediates Stimulation of ATP Synthesis by Bicarbonate in Isolated Arabidopsis Thylakoids. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:662082. [PMID: 34512677 PMCID: PMC8427869 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.662082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2021] [Accepted: 04/21/2021] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
We studied bicarbonate-induced stimulation of photophosphorylation in thylakoids isolated from leaves of Arabidopsis thaliana plants. This stimulation was not observed in thylakoids of wild-type in the presence of mafenide, a soluble carbonic anhydrase inhibitor, and was absent in thylakoids of two mutant lines lacking the gene encoding alpha carbonic anhydrase 5 (αCA5). Using mass spectrometry, we revealed the presence of αCA5 in stromal thylakoid membranes of wild-type plants. A possible mechanism of the photophosphorylation stimulation by bicarbonate that involves αCA5 is proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatiana P. Fedorchuk
- Institute of Basic Biological Problems, Federal Research Center “Pushchino Scientific Center for Biological Research of the Russian Academy of Sciences”, Pushchino, Russia
| | - Inga A. Kireeva
- Centre for the Analysis of Genome Evolution and Function (CAGEF), University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Vera K. Opanasenko
- Institute of Basic Biological Problems, Federal Research Center “Pushchino Scientific Center for Biological Research of the Russian Academy of Sciences”, Pushchino, Russia
| | - Vasily V. Terentyev
- Institute of Basic Biological Problems, Federal Research Center “Pushchino Scientific Center for Biological Research of the Russian Academy of Sciences”, Pushchino, Russia
| | - Natalia N. Rudenko
- Institute of Basic Biological Problems, Federal Research Center “Pushchino Scientific Center for Biological Research of the Russian Academy of Sciences”, Pushchino, Russia
| | - Maria M. Borisova-Mubarakshina
- Institute of Basic Biological Problems, Federal Research Center “Pushchino Scientific Center for Biological Research of the Russian Academy of Sciences”, Pushchino, Russia
| | - Boris N. Ivanov
- Institute of Basic Biological Problems, Federal Research Center “Pushchino Scientific Center for Biological Research of the Russian Academy of Sciences”, Pushchino, Russia
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30
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Kondo K, Izumi M, Inabe K, Yoshida K, Imashimizu M, Suzuki T, Hisabori T. The phototroph-specific β-hairpin structure of the γ subunit of F oF 1-ATP synthase is important for efficient ATP synthesis of cyanobacteria. J Biol Chem 2021; 297:101027. [PMID: 34339736 PMCID: PMC8390522 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2021.101027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2021] [Revised: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 07/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
The FoF1 synthase produces ATP from ADP and inorganic phosphate. The γ subunit of FoF1 ATP synthase in photosynthetic organisms, which is the rotor subunit of this enzyme, contains a characteristic β-hairpin structure. This structure is formed from an insertion sequence that has been conserved only in phototrophs. Using recombinant subcomplexes, we previously demonstrated that this region plays an essential role in the regulation of ATP hydrolysis activity, thereby functioning in controlling intracellular ATP levels in response to changes in the light environment. However, the role of this region in ATP synthesis has long remained an open question because its analysis requires the preparation of the whole FoF1 complex and a transmembrane proton-motive force. In this study, we successfully prepared proteoliposomes containing the entire FoF1 ATP synthase from a cyanobacterium, Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803, and measured ATP synthesis/hydrolysis and proton-translocating activities. The relatively simple genetic manipulation of Synechocystis enabled the biochemical investigation of the role of the β-hairpin structure of FoF1 ATP synthase and its activities. We further performed physiological analyses of Synechocystis mutant strains lacking the β-hairpin structure, which provided novel insights into the regulatory mechanisms of FoF1 ATP synthase in cyanobacteria via the phototroph-specific region of the γ subunit. Our results indicated that this structure critically contributes to ATP synthesis and suppresses ATP hydrolysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kumiko Kondo
- Laboratory for Chemistry and Life Science, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Midori-ku, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Masayuki Izumi
- Laboratory for Chemistry and Life Science, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Midori-ku, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Kosuke Inabe
- Laboratory for Chemistry and Life Science, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Midori-ku, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Keisuke Yoshida
- Laboratory for Chemistry and Life Science, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Midori-ku, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Mari Imashimizu
- Laboratory for Chemistry and Life Science, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Midori-ku, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Toshiharu Suzuki
- Laboratory for Chemistry and Life Science, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Midori-ku, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Toru Hisabori
- Laboratory for Chemistry and Life Science, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Midori-ku, Yokohama, Japan.
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31
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Kaur H, Kohli SK, Khanna K, Bhardwaj R. Scrutinizing the impact of water deficit in plants: Transcriptional regulation, signaling, photosynthetic efficacy, and management. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2021; 172:935-962. [PMID: 33686690 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.13389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2020] [Revised: 01/18/2021] [Accepted: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Suboptimal availability of water limits plant growth, development, and performance. Drought is one of the leading factors responsible for worldwide crop yield reduction. In the future, owing to climate changes, more agricultural land will be affected by prolonged periods of water deficit. Thus, understanding the fundamental mechanism of drought response is a major scientific concern for improvement of crop production. To combat drought stress, plants deploy varied mechanistic strategies and alter their morphological, physiochemical, and molecular attributes. This helps plant to enhance water uptake and storage, reduce water loss and avoid wilting. Induction of several transcription factors and drought responsive genes leads to synthesis of stress proteins, regulation of water channels i.e. aquaporins and production of osmolytes that are essential for maintenance of osmotic balance at the cellular level. Self- and hormone-regulated signaling pathways are often stimulated by plants after receiving drought stress signals via secondary messengers, mitogen-activated protein kinases, and stress hormones. These signaling cascades often leads to stomatal closure and reduction in transpiration rates. Reduced carbon dioxide diffusion in chloroplast, lowered efficacy of photosystems, and other metabolic constraints limits the key regulatory photosynthetic process during water deficit. The impact of these stomatal and nonstomatal limitations varies with stress intensity, superimposed stresses and plant species. A clear understanding of the drought resistance process is thus important before adopting strategies for imparting drought tolerance in plants. These management practices at present include exogenous hormone application, breeding, and genetic engineering techniques for combating the water deficit issues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harsimran Kaur
- PG Department of Agriculture, Plant Protection Division, Khalsa College, Amritsar, Punjab, India
- Department of Botanical and Environmental Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab, India
| | - Sukhmeen Kaur Kohli
- PG Department of Agriculture, Plant Protection Division, Khalsa College, Amritsar, Punjab, India
- Department of Botanical and Environmental Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab, India
| | - Kanika Khanna
- Department of Botanical and Environmental Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab, India
| | - Renu Bhardwaj
- Department of Botanical and Environmental Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab, India
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32
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Johnson JE, Berry JA. The role of Cytochrome b 6f in the control of steady-state photosynthesis: a conceptual and quantitative model. PHOTOSYNTHESIS RESEARCH 2021; 148:101-136. [PMID: 33999328 PMCID: PMC8292351 DOI: 10.1007/s11120-021-00840-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2020] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Here, we present a conceptual and quantitative model to describe the role of the Cytochrome [Formula: see text] complex in controlling steady-state electron transport in [Formula: see text] leaves. The model is based on new experimental methods to diagnose the maximum activity of Cyt [Formula: see text] in vivo, and to identify conditions under which photosynthetic control of Cyt [Formula: see text] is active or relaxed. With these approaches, we demonstrate that Cyt [Formula: see text] controls the trade-off between the speed and efficiency of electron transport under limiting light, and functions as a metabolic switch that transfers control to carbon metabolism under saturating light. We also present evidence that the onset of photosynthetic control of Cyt [Formula: see text] occurs within milliseconds of exposure to saturating light, much more quickly than the induction of non-photochemical quenching. We propose that photosynthetic control is the primary means of photoprotection and functions to manage excitation pressure, whereas non-photochemical quenching functions to manage excitation balance. We use these findings to extend the Farquhar et al. (Planta 149:78-90, 1980) model of [Formula: see text] photosynthesis to include a mechanistic description of the electron transport system. This framework relates the light captured by PS I and PS II to the energy and mass fluxes linking the photoacts with Cyt [Formula: see text], the ATP synthase, and Rubisco. It enables quantitative interpretation of pulse-amplitude modulated fluorometry and gas-exchange measurements, providing a new basis for analyzing how the electron transport system coordinates the supply of Fd, NADPH, and ATP with the dynamic demands of carbon metabolism, how efficient use of light is achieved under limiting light, and how photoprotection is achieved under saturating light. The model is designed to support forward as well as inverse applications. It can either be used in a stand-alone mode at the leaf-level or coupled to other models that resolve finer-scale or coarser-scale phenomena.
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Affiliation(s)
- J E Johnson
- Dept. Global Ecology, Carnegie Institution, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA.
| | - J A Berry
- Dept. Global Ecology, Carnegie Institution, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
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Alber NA, Vanlerberghe GC. The flexibility of metabolic interactions between chloroplasts and mitochondria in Nicotiana tabacum leaf. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2021; 106:1625-1646. [PMID: 33811402 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.15259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2021] [Revised: 03/24/2021] [Accepted: 03/26/2021] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
To examine the effect of mitochondrial function on photosynthesis, wild-type and transgenic Nicotiana tabacum with varying amounts of alternative oxidase (AOX) were treated with different respiratory inhibitors. Initially, each inhibitor increased the reduction state of the chloroplast electron transport chain, most severely in AOX knockdowns and least severely in AOX overexpressors. This indicated that the mitochondrion was a necessary sink for photo-generated reductant, contributing to the 'P700 oxidation capacity' of photosystem I. Initially, the Complex III inhibitor myxothiazol and the mitochondrial ATP synthase inhibitor oligomycin caused an increase in photosystem II regulated non-photochemical quenching not evident with the Complex III inhibitor antimycin A (AA). This indicated that the increased quenching depended upon AA-sensitive cyclic electron transport (CET). Following 12 h with oligomycin, the reduction state of the chloroplast electron transport chain recovered in all plant lines. Recovery was associated with large increases in the protein amount of chloroplast ATP synthase and mitochondrial uncoupling protein. This increased the capacity for photophosphorylation in the absence of oxidative phosphorylation and enabled the mitochondrion to act again as a sink for photo-generated reductant. Comparing the AA and myxothiazol treatments at 12 h showed that CET optimized photosystem I quantum yield, depending upon the P700 oxidation capacity. When this capacity was too high, CET drew electrons away from other sinks, moderating the P700+ amount. When P700 oxidation capacity was too low, CET acted as an electron overflow, moderating the amount of reduced P700. This study reveals flexible chloroplast-mitochondrion interactions able to overcome lesions in energy metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole A Alber
- Department of Biological Sciences, Department of Cell and Systems Biology, University of Toronto Scarborough, 1265 Military Trail, Toronto, ON, M1C1A4, Canada
| | - Greg C Vanlerberghe
- Department of Biological Sciences, Department of Cell and Systems Biology, University of Toronto Scarborough, 1265 Military Trail, Toronto, ON, M1C1A4, Canada
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Vershubskii AV, Tikhonov AN. Structural and Functional Aspects of Electron Transport Thermoregulation and ATP Synthesis in Chloroplasts. BIOCHEMISTRY (MOSCOW) 2021; 86:92-104. [PMID: 33705285 DOI: 10.1134/s0006297921010090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The review is focused on analysis of the mechanisms of temperature-dependent regulation of electron transport and ATP synthesis in chloroplasts of higher plants. Importance of photosynthesis thermoregulation is determined by the fact that plants are ectothermic organisms, whose own temperature depends on the ambient temperature. The review discusses the effects of temperature on the following processes in thylakoid membranes: (i) photosystem 2 activity and plastoquinone reduction; (ii) electron transfer from plastoquinol (via the cytochrome b6f complex and plastocyanin) to photosystem 1; (iii) transmembrane proton transfer; and (iv) ATP synthesis. The data on the relationship between the functional properties of chloroplasts (photosynthetic transfer of electrons and protons, functioning of ATP synthase) and structural characteristics of membrane lipids (fluidity) obtained by electron paramagnetic resonance studies are presented.
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Rabouille S, Campbell DA, Masuda T, Zavřel T, Bernát G, Polerecky L, Halsey K, Eichner M, Kotabová E, Stephan S, Lukeš M, Claquin P, Bonomi-Barufi J, Lombardi AT, Červený J, Suggett DJ, Giordano M, Kromkamp JC, Prášil O. Electron & Biomass Dynamics of Cyanothece Under Interacting Nitrogen & Carbon Limitations. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:617802. [PMID: 33897635 PMCID: PMC8063122 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.617802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2020] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Marine diazotrophs are a diverse group with key roles in biogeochemical fluxes linked to primary productivity. The unicellular, diazotrophic cyanobacterium Cyanothece is widely found in coastal, subtropical oceans. We analyze the consequences of diazotrophy on growth efficiency, compared to NO3–-supported growth in Cyanothece, to understand how cells cope with N2-fixation when they also have to face carbon limitation, which may transiently affect populations in coastal environments or during blooms of phytoplankton communities. When grown in obligate diazotrophy, cells face the double burden of a more ATP-demanding N-acquisition mode and additional metabolic losses imposed by the transient storage of reducing potential as carbohydrate, compared to a hypothetical N2 assimilation directly driven by photosynthetic electron transport. Further, this energetic burden imposed by N2-fixation could not be alleviated, despite the high irradiance level within the cultures, because photosynthesis was limited by the availability of dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC), and possibly by a constrained capacity for carbon storage. DIC limitation exacerbates the costs on growth imposed by nitrogen fixation. Therefore, the competitive efficiency of diazotrophs could be hindered in areas with insufficient renewal of dissolved gases and/or with intense phytoplankton biomass that both decrease available light energy and draw the DIC level down.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie Rabouille
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, LOV, Villefranche-sur-Mer, France.,Sorbonne Université, CNRS, LOMIC, Banyuls-sur-Mer, France
| | - Douglas A Campbell
- Centre Algatech, Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Třeboň, Czechia.,Mount Allison University, Sackville, NB, Canada
| | - Takako Masuda
- Centre Algatech, Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Třeboň, Czechia
| | - Tomáš Zavřel
- Department of Adaptive Biotechnologies, Global Change Research Institute CAS, Brno, Czechia
| | - Gábor Bernát
- Centre Algatech, Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Třeboň, Czechia.,Centre for Ecological Research, Balaton Limnological Institute, Klebelsberg Kuno u. 3. 8237 Tihany, Hungary
| | - Lubos Polerecky
- Department of Earth Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Kimberly Halsey
- Department of Microbiology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, United States
| | - Meri Eichner
- Centre Algatech, Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Třeboň, Czechia.,Max Planck Institute for Marine Microbiology, Bremen, Germany
| | - Eva Kotabová
- Centre Algatech, Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Třeboň, Czechia
| | - Susanne Stephan
- Leibniz-Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries, Zur alten Fischerhütte 2, Stechlin, Germany.,Department of Ecology, Berlin Institute of Technology (TU Berlin), Ernst-Reuter-Platz 1, Berlin, Germany
| | - Martin Lukeš
- Centre Algatech, Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Třeboň, Czechia
| | - Pascal Claquin
- UMR BOREA (CNRS 8067), MNHN, IRD (207), Université de Caen Basse-Normandie, Caen, France
| | - José Bonomi-Barufi
- Departamento de Botânica, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil
| | | | - Jan Červený
- Department of Adaptive Biotechnologies, Global Change Research Institute CAS, Brno, Czechia
| | - David J Suggett
- University of Technology Sydney, Climate Change Cluster, Faculty of Science, Ultimo, NSW, Australia
| | - Mario Giordano
- Centre Algatech, Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Třeboň, Czechia.,Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita e dell'Ambiente, UniversitaÌ Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Jacco C Kromkamp
- NIOZ Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea Research and Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Ondřej Prášil
- Centre Algatech, Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Třeboň, Czechia
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Luu Trinh MD, Miyazaki D, Ono S, Nomata J, Kono M, Mino H, Niwa T, Okegawa Y, Motohashi K, Taguchi H, Hisabori T, Masuda S. The evolutionary conserved iron-sulfur protein TCR controls P700 oxidation in photosystem I. iScience 2021; 24:102059. [PMID: 33554065 PMCID: PMC7848650 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2021.102059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2020] [Revised: 12/08/2020] [Accepted: 01/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
In natural habitats, plants have developed sophisticated regulatory mechanisms to optimize the photosynthetic electron transfer rate at the maximum efficiency and cope with the changing environments. Maintaining proper P700 oxidation at photosystem I (PSI) is the common denominator for most regulatory processes of photosynthetic electron transfers. However, the molecular complexes and cofactors involved in these processes and their function(s) have not been fully clarified. Here, we identified a redox-active chloroplast protein, the triplet-cysteine repeat protein (TCR). TCR shared similar expression profiles with known photosynthetic regulators and contained two triplet-cysteine motifs (CxxxCxxxC). Biochemical analysis indicated that TCR localizes in chloroplasts and has a [3Fe-4S] cluster. Loss of TCR limited the electron sink downstream of PSI during dark-to-light transition. Arabidopsis pgr5-tcr double mutant reduced growth significantly and showed unusual oxidation and reduction of plastoquinone pool. These results indicated that TCR is involved in electron flow(s) downstream of PSI, contributing to P700 oxidation. P700 oxidation at photosystem I is important for regulation of photosynthesis TCR is a redox active chloroplast protein harboring a 3Fe-4S iron-sulfur cluster TCR controls electron flow around photosystem I, contributing to P700 oxidation
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Affiliation(s)
- Mai Duy Luu Trinh
- Department of Life Science and Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama 226-8501, Japan
| | - Daichi Miyazaki
- Department of Life Science and Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama 226-8501, Japan
| | - Sumire Ono
- Department of Life Science and Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama 226-8501, Japan
| | - Jiro Nomata
- Laboratory for Chemistry and Life Science, Institute of Innovative Research, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama 226-8501, Japan
| | - Masaru Kono
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Mino
- Division of Materials Science (Physics), Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8602, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Niwa
- Cell Biology Center, Institute of Innovative Research, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama 226-8501, Japan
| | - Yuki Okegawa
- Department of Frontier Life Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kyoto Sangyo University, Kyoto 603-8555, Japan
| | - Ken Motohashi
- Department of Frontier Life Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kyoto Sangyo University, Kyoto 603-8555, Japan
| | - Hideki Taguchi
- Cell Biology Center, Institute of Innovative Research, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama 226-8501, Japan
| | - Toru Hisabori
- Laboratory for Chemistry and Life Science, Institute of Innovative Research, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama 226-8501, Japan
| | - Shinji Masuda
- Department of Life Science and Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama 226-8501, Japan
- Corresponding author
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Raven JA. Determinants, and implications, of the shape and size of thylakoids and cristae. JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2021; 257:153342. [PMID: 33385618 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2020.153342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2020] [Revised: 11/25/2020] [Accepted: 12/08/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Thylakoids are flattened sacs isolated from other membranes; cristae are attached to the rest of the inner mitochondrial membrane by the crista junction, but the crista lumen is separated from the intermembrane space. The shape of thylakoids and cristae involves membranes with small (5-30 nm) radii of curvature. While the mechanism of curvature is not entirely clear, it seems to be largely a function of Curt proteins in thylakoids and Mitochondrial Organising Site and Crista Organising Centre proteins and oligomeric FOF1 ATP synthase in cristae. A subordinate, or minimal, role is attributable to lipids with areas of their head group area greater (convex leaflet) or smaller (concave leaflet) than the area of the lipid tail; examples of the latter group are monogalactosyldiglyceride in thylakoids and cardiolipin in cristae. The volume per unit area on the lumen side of the membrane is less than that of the chloroplast stroma or cyanobacterial cytosol for thylakoids, and mitochondrial matrix for cristae. A low volume per unit area of thylakoids and cristae means a small lumen width that is the average of wider spaces between lipid parts of the membranes and the narrower gaps dominated by extra-membrane components of transmembrane proteins. These structural constraints have important implications for the movement of the electron carriers plastocyanin and cytochrome c6 (thylakoids) and cytochrome c (cristae) and hence the separation of the membrane-associated electron donors to, and electron acceptors from, these water-soluble electron carriers. The donor/acceptor pairs, are the cytochrome fb6Fenh complex and P700+ in thylakoids, and Complex III and Complex IV of cristae. The other energy flux parallel to the membranes is that of the proton motive force generated by redox-powered H+ pumps into the lumen to the proton motive force use in ATP synthesis by H+ flux from the lumen through the ATP synthase. For both the electron transport and proton motive force movement, concentration differences of reduced and oxidised electron carriers and protonated and deprotonated pH buffers are involved. The need for diffusion along a congested route of these energy transfer agents may limit the separation of sources and sinks parallel to the membranes of thylakoids and cristae.
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Affiliation(s)
- John A Raven
- Division of Plant Science, University of Dundee at the James Hutton Institute, Invergowrie, Dundee, DD2 5DA, UK; University of Technology, Sydney, Climate Change Cluster, Faculty of Science, Sydney, Ultimo, NSW, 2007, Australia; School of Biological Sciences, University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, 6009, Australia.
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Nakamura S, Fu N, Kondo K, Wakabayashi KI, Hisabori T, Sugiura K. A luminescent Nanoluc-GFP fusion protein enables readout of cellular pH in photosynthetic organisms. J Biol Chem 2021; 296:100134. [PMID: 33268379 PMCID: PMC7948502 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra120.016847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2020] [Revised: 11/26/2020] [Accepted: 12/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
pH is one of the most critical physiological parameters determining vital cellular activities, such as photosynthetic performance. Fluorescent sensor proteins capable of measuring in situ pH in animal cells have been reported. However, these proteins require an excitation laser for pH measurement that may affect photosynthetic performance and induce autofluorescence from chlorophyll. As a result, it is not possible to measure the intracellular or intraorganelle pH changes in plants. To overcome this problem, we developed a luminescent pH sensor by fusing the luminescent protein Nanoluc to a uniquely designed pH-sensitive GFP variant protein. In this system, an excitation laser is unnecessary because the fused GFP variant reports on the luminescent signal by bioluminescence resonance energy transfer from Nanoluc. The ratio of two luminescent peaks from the sensor protein was approximately linear with respect to pH in the range of 7.0 to 8.5. We designated this sensor protein as "luminescent pH indicator protein" (Luphin). We applied Luphin to the in situ pH measurement of a photosynthetic organism under fluctuating light conditions, allowing us to successfully observe the cytosolic pH changes associated with photosynthetic electron transfer in the cyanobacterium Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803. Detailed analyses of the mechanisms of the observed estimated pH changes in the cytosol in this alga suggested that the photosynthetic electron transfer is suppressed by the reduced plastoquinone pool under light conditions. These results indicate that Luphin may serve as a helpful tool to further illuminate pH-dependent processes throughout the photosynthetic organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shungo Nakamura
- Laboratory for Chemistry and Life Science, Institute of Innovative Research, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Midori-ku, Yokohama, Japan; School of Life Science and Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Midori-ku, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Nae Fu
- Laboratory for Chemistry and Life Science, Institute of Innovative Research, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Midori-ku, Yokohama, Japan; School of Life Science and Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Midori-ku, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Kumiko Kondo
- Laboratory for Chemistry and Life Science, Institute of Innovative Research, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Midori-ku, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Ken-Ichi Wakabayashi
- Laboratory for Chemistry and Life Science, Institute of Innovative Research, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Midori-ku, Yokohama, Japan; School of Life Science and Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Midori-ku, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Toru Hisabori
- Laboratory for Chemistry and Life Science, Institute of Innovative Research, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Midori-ku, Yokohama, Japan; School of Life Science and Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Midori-ku, Yokohama, Japan.
| | - Kazunori Sugiura
- Laboratory for Chemistry and Life Science, Institute of Innovative Research, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Midori-ku, Yokohama, Japan; School of Life Science and Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Midori-ku, Yokohama, Japan
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Miller NT, Vaughn MD, Burnap RL. Electron flow through NDH-1 complexes is the major driver of cyclic electron flow-dependent proton pumping in cyanobacteria. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOENERGETICS 2020; 1862:148354. [PMID: 33338488 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbabio.2020.148354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2020] [Revised: 12/03/2020] [Accepted: 12/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Cyclic electron flow (CEF) around photosystem I is vital to balancing the photosynthetic energy budget of cyanobacteria and other photosynthetic organisms. The coupling of CEF to proton pumping has long been hypothesized to occur, providing proton motive force (PMF) for the synthesis of ATP with no net cost to [NADPH]. This is thought to occur largely through the activity of NDH-1 complexes, of which cyanobacteria have four with different activities. While a much work has been done to understand the steady-state PMF in both the light and dark, and fluorescent probes have been developed to observe these fluxes in vivo, little has been done to understand the kinetics of these fluxes, particularly with regard to NDH-1 complexes. To monitor the kinetics of proton pumping in Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803, the pH sensitive dye Acridine Orange was used alongside a suite of inhibitors in order to observe light-dependent proton pumping. The assay was demonstrated to measure photosynthetically driven proton pumping and used to measure the rates of proton pumping unimpeded by dark ΔpH. Here, the cyanobacterial NDH-1 complexes are shown to pump a sizable portion of proton flux when CEF-driven and LEF-driven proton pumping rates are observed and compared in mutants lacking some or all NDH-1 complexes. It is also demonstrated that PSII and LEF are responsible for the bulk of light induced proton pumping, though CEF and NDH-1 are capable of generating ~40% of the proton pumping rate when LEF is inactivated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neil T Miller
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078, USA
| | - Michael D Vaughn
- SpectroLogix LLC, 9050 Executive Park Drive, Knoxville, TN 37923, USA
| | - Robert L Burnap
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078, USA.
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Yudina L, Sukhova E, Gromova E, Nerush V, Vodeneev V, Sukhov V. A light-induced decrease in the photochemical reflectance index (PRI) can be used to estimate the energy-dependent component of non-photochemical quenching under heat stress and soil drought in pea, wheat, and pumpkin. PHOTOSYNTHESIS RESEARCH 2020; 146:175-187. [PMID: 32043219 DOI: 10.1007/s11120-020-00718-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2019] [Accepted: 02/03/2020] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
The remote sensing of a plant's physiological state is a key problem of precision agriculture. The photochemical reflectance index (PRI), which is based on the intensities of the reflected light at 531 and 570 nm, is an important tool for the remote sensing of photosynthetic processes in plants. In particular, the PRI can be strongly connected with the non-photochemical quenching of chlorophyll fluorescence (NPQ) and the quantum yield of photosystem II (ФPSII); however, this connection is dependent on illumination, the intensity of stressor actions, the time scale of measurements, etc. The aim of the present work was to analyze the connection of PRI with the energy-dependent component of NPQ (NPQF) and ФPSII under heating and soil drought conditions. Pea, wheat, and pumpkin seedlings, which were grown under controlled conditions, were investigated. A PAM fluorometer Dual-PAM-100 and spectrometer S-100 were used for measurements of photosynthetic parameters and PRI, respectively. It was shown that heat stress increased the NPQF and the magnitude of light-induced changes in PRI (ΔPRI) and decreased ФPSII in pea seedlings. The decreased ФPSII and increased ΔPRI were observed in wheat after heating, but significant changes in NPQF were absent; the significant decrease in ФPSII was observed in pumpkin seedlings, while there were no significant changes in the other parameters. ΔPRI and NPQF after heating were significantly correlated. However, a significant correlation of the absolute values of PRI with photosynthetic parameters was absent. The soil drought increased NPQF and the magnitude of ΔPRI and decreased ФPSII in peas. ΔPRI was strongly correlated with photosynthetic parameters, but this correlation was absent for the absolute value of PRI. Thus, ΔPRI is strongly connected with the magnitude of NPQF and can be used as an estimator of this parameter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lyubov Yudina
- Department of Biophysics, N.I. Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod, 23 Gagarin Avenue, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia, 603950
| | - Ekaterina Sukhova
- Department of Biophysics, N.I. Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod, 23 Gagarin Avenue, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia, 603950
| | - Ekaterina Gromova
- Department of Biophysics, N.I. Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod, 23 Gagarin Avenue, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia, 603950
| | - Vladimir Nerush
- Department of Biophysics, N.I. Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod, 23 Gagarin Avenue, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia, 603950
| | - Vladimir Vodeneev
- Department of Biophysics, N.I. Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod, 23 Gagarin Avenue, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia, 603950
| | - Vladimir Sukhov
- Department of Biophysics, N.I. Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod, 23 Gagarin Avenue, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia, 603950.
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Kalmatskaya OA, Trubitsin BV, Suslichenko IS, Karavaev VA, Tikhonov AN. Electron transport in Tradescantia leaves acclimated to high and low light: thermoluminescence, PAM-fluorometry, and EPR studies. PHOTOSYNTHESIS RESEARCH 2020; 146:123-141. [PMID: 32594291 DOI: 10.1007/s11120-020-00767-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2020] [Accepted: 06/10/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Using thermoluminescence, PAM-fluorometry, and electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) for assaying electron transport processes in chloroplasts in situ, we have compared photosynthetic characteristics in Tradescantia fluminensis leaves grown under low light (LL, 50-125 µmol photons m-2 s-1) or high light (HL, 875-1000 µmol photons m-2 s-1) condition. We found differences in the thermoluminescence (TL) spectra of LL- and HL-acclimated leaves. The LL and HL leaves show different proportions of the Q (~ 0 °C) and B (~ 25-30 °C) bands in their TL spectra; the ratios of the "light sums" of the Q and B bands being SQ/SB ≈ 1/1 (LL) and SQ/SB ≈ 1/3 (HL). This suggests the existence of different redox states of electron carriers on the acceptor side of PSII in LL and HL leaves, which may be affected, in particular, by different capacities of their photo-reducible PQ pools. Enhanced content of PQ in chloroplasts of LL leaves may be the reason for an efficient performance of photosynthesis at low irradiance. Kinetic studies of slow induction of Chl a fluorescence and measurements of P700 photooxidation by EPR demonstrate that HL leaves have faster (about 2 times) response to switching on actinic light as compared to LL leaves grown at moderate irradiation. HL leaves also show higher non-photochemical quenching (NPQ) of Chl a fluorescence. These properties of HL leaves (faster response to light and generation of enhanced NPQ) reflect the flexibility of their photosynthetic apparatus, providing sustainability and rapid response to fluctuations of environmental light intensity and solar stress resistance. Analysis of time-courses of the EPR signals of [Formula: see text] induced by far-red (λmax = 707 nm), exciting predominantly PSI, and white light, exciting both PSI and PSII, suggests that there is a contribution of cyclic electron flow around PSI to electron flow through PSI in HL leaves. The data obtained are discussed in terms of photosynthetic apparatus sustainability of HL and LL leaves under variable irradiation conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Boris V Trubitsin
- Faculty of Physics, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Igor S Suslichenko
- Faculty of Physics, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | | | - Alexander N Tikhonov
- Faculty of Physics, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia.
- N.M. Emanuel Institute of Biochemical Physics of Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia.
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Tikhonov AN, Vershubskii AV. Temperature-dependent regulation of electron transport and ATP synthesis in chloroplasts in vitro and in silico. PHOTOSYNTHESIS RESEARCH 2020; 146:299-329. [PMID: 32780309 DOI: 10.1007/s11120-020-00777-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2020] [Accepted: 07/21/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The significance of temperature-dependent regulation of photosynthetic apparatus (PSA) is determined by the fact that plant temperature changes with environmental temperature. In this work, we present a brief overview of temperature-dependent regulation of photosynthetic processes in class B chloroplasts (thylakoids) and analyze these processes using a computer model that takes into account the key stages of electron and proton transport coupled to ATP synthesis. The rate constants of partial reactions were parametrized on the basis of experimental temperature dependences of partial photosynthetic processes: (1) photosystem II (PSII) turnover and plastoquinone (PQ) reduction, (2) the plastoquinol (PQH2) oxidation by the cytochrome (Cyt) b6f complex, (3) the ATP synthase activity, and (4) the proton leak from the thylakoid lumen. We consider that PQH2 oxidation is the rate-limiting step in the intersystem electron transport. The parametrization of the rate constants of these processes is based on earlier experimental data demonstrating strong correlations between the functional and structural properties of thylakoid membranes that were probed with the lipid-soluble spin labels embedded into the membranes. Within the framework of our model, we could adequately describe a number of experimental temperature dependences of photosynthetic reactions in thylakoids. Computer modeling of electron and proton transport coupled to ATP synthesis supports the notion that PQH2 oxidation by the Cyt b6f complex and proton pumping into the lumen are the basic temperature-dependent processes that determine the overall electron flux from PSII to molecular oxygen and the net ATP synthesis upon variations of temperature. The model describes two branches of the temperature dependence of the post-illumination reduction of [Formula: see text] characterized by different activation energies (about 60 and ≤ 3.5 kJ mol-1). The model predicts the bell-like temperature dependence of ATP formation, which arises from the balance of several factors: (1) the thermo-induced acceleration of electron transport through the Cyt b6f complex, (2) deactivation of PSII photochemistry at sufficiently high temperatures, and (3) acceleration of the passive proton outflow from the thylakoid lumen bypassing the ATP synthase complex. The model describes the temperature dependence of experimentally measured parameter P/2e, determined as the ratio between the rates of ATP synthesis and pseudocyclic electron transport (H2O → PSII → PSI → O2).
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander N Tikhonov
- Faculty of Physics, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia.
- N.M. Emanuel Institute of Biochemical Physics of Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia.
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Kolomeichuk LV, Efimova MV, Zlobin IE, Kreslavski VD, Murgan OK, Kovtun IS, Khripach VA, Kuznetsov VV, Allakhverdiev SI. 24-Epibrassinolide alleviates the toxic effects of NaCl on photosynthetic processes in potato plants. PHOTOSYNTHESIS RESEARCH 2020; 146:151-163. [PMID: 31939071 DOI: 10.1007/s11120-020-00708-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2019] [Accepted: 01/06/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Brassinosteroids are promising agents for alleviating the negative effects of salinity on plants, but the mechanism of their protective action is far from being understood. We investigated the effect of pretreatment with 24-epibrassinolide (24-EBL) on the photosynthetic and physiological parameters of potato plants under progressive salinity stress caused by root application of 100 mM NaCl. Salinity clearly inhibited primary photosynthetic processes in potato plants by reducing the contents of photosynthetic pigments, photosynthetic electron transport and photosystem II (PSII) maximal and effective quantum yields. These negative effects of salinity on primary photosynthetic processes were mainly due to toxic ionic effects on the plant's ability to oxidize the plastoquinone pool. Pretreatment with 24-EBL alleviated this stress effect and allowed the maintenance of plastoquinone pool oxidation and the efficiency of photosystem II photochemistry to be at the same levels as those in unstressed plants; however, the pretreatment did not affect the photosynthetic pigment content. 24-EBL pretreatment clearly alleviated the decrease in leaf osmotic potential under salinity stress. The stress-induced increases in lipid peroxidation and proline contents were not changed under brassinosteroid pretreatment. However, 24-EBL pretreatment increased the peroxidase activity and improved the K+/Na+ ratio in potato leaves, which were likely responsible for the protective 24-EBL action under salt stress.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Marina V Efimova
- National Research Tomsk State University, Tomsk, Russian Federation
| | - Ilya E Zlobin
- K.A. Timiryazev Institute of Plant Physiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russian Federation.
| | - Vladimir D Kreslavski
- K.A. Timiryazev Institute of Plant Physiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russian Federation
- Institute of Basic Biological Problems, Russian Academy of Sciences, Pushchino, Russian Federation
| | - Ol'ga K Murgan
- National Research Tomsk State University, Tomsk, Russian Federation
| | - Irina S Kovtun
- National Research Tomsk State University, Tomsk, Russian Federation
| | - Vladimir A Khripach
- Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, National Academy of Sciences of Belarus, Belarus, Belarus
| | - Vladimir V Kuznetsov
- National Research Tomsk State University, Tomsk, Russian Federation
- K.A. Timiryazev Institute of Plant Physiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Suleyman I Allakhverdiev
- K.A. Timiryazev Institute of Plant Physiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russian Federation.
- Institute of Basic Biological Problems, Russian Academy of Sciences, Pushchino, Russian Federation.
- M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia.
- College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, ANAS, Baku, Azerbaijan.
- Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Dolgoprudny, Moscow, Russian Federation.
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Yudina L, Sherstneva O, Sukhova E, Grinberg M, Mysyagin S, Vodeneev V, Sukhov V. Inactivation of H +-ATPase Participates in the Influence of Variation Potential on Photosynthesis and Respiration in Peas. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 9:E1585. [PMID: 33207655 PMCID: PMC7697462 DOI: 10.3390/plants9111585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2020] [Revised: 11/14/2020] [Accepted: 11/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Local damage (e.g., burning, heating, or crushing) causes the generation and propagation of a variation potential (VP), which is a unique electrical signal in higher plants. A VP influences numerous physiological processes, with photosynthesis and respiration being important targets. VP generation is based on transient inactivation of H+-ATPase in plasma membrane. In this work, we investigated the participation of this inactivation in the development of VP-induced photosynthetic and respiratory responses. Two- to three-week-old pea seedlings (Pisum sativum L.) and their protoplasts were investigated. Photosynthesis and respiration in intact seedlings were measured using a GFS-3000 gas analyzer, Dual-PAM-100 Pulse-Amplitude-Modulation (PAM)-fluorometer, and a Dual-PAM gas-exchange Cuvette 3010-Dual. Electrical activity was measured using extracellular electrodes. The parameters of photosynthetic light reactions in protoplasts were measured using the Dual-PAM-100; photosynthesis- and respiration-related changes in O2 exchange rate were measured using an Oxygraph Plus System. We found that preliminary changes in the activity of H+-ATPase in the plasma membrane (its inactivation by sodium orthovanadate or activation by fusicoccin) influenced the amplitudes and magnitudes of VP-induced photosynthetic and respiratory responses in intact seedlings. Decreases in H+-ATPase activity (sodium orthovanadate treatment) induced fast decreases in photosynthetic activity and increases in respiration in protoplasts. Thus, our results support the effect of H+-ATPase inactivation on VP-induced photosynthetic and respiratory responses.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Vladimir Sukhov
- Department of Biophysics, N.I. Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod, 603950 Nizhny Novgorod, Russia; (L.Y.); (O.S.); (E.S.); (M.G.); (S.M.); (V.V.)
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Stirbet A, Lazár D, Guo Y, Govindjee G. Photosynthesis: basics, history and modelling. ANNALS OF BOTANY 2020; 126:511-537. [PMID: 31641747 PMCID: PMC7489092 DOI: 10.1093/aob/mcz171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2019] [Revised: 09/06/2019] [Accepted: 10/21/2019] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND With limited agricultural land and increasing human population, it is essential to enhance overall photosynthesis and thus productivity. Oxygenic photosynthesis begins with light absorption, followed by excitation energy transfer to the reaction centres, primary photochemistry, electron and proton transport, NADPH and ATP synthesis, and then CO2 fixation (Calvin-Benson cycle, as well as Hatch-Slack cycle). Here we cover some of the discoveries related to this process, such as the existence of two light reactions and two photosystems connected by an electron transport 'chain' (the Z-scheme), chemiosmotic hypothesis for ATP synthesis, water oxidation clock for oxygen evolution, steps for carbon fixation, and finally the diverse mechanisms of regulatory processes, such as 'state transitions' and 'non-photochemical quenching' of the excited state of chlorophyll a. SCOPE In this review, we emphasize that mathematical modelling is a highly valuable tool in understanding and making predictions regarding photosynthesis. Different mathematical models have been used to examine current theories on diverse photosynthetic processes; these have been validated through simulation(s) of available experimental data, such as chlorophyll a fluorescence induction, measured with fluorometers using continuous (or modulated) exciting light, and absorbance changes at 820 nm (ΔA820) related to redox changes in P700, the reaction centre of photosystem I. CONCLUSIONS We highlight here the important role of modelling in deciphering and untangling complex photosynthesis processes taking place simultaneously, as well as in predicting possible ways to obtain higher biomass and productivity in plants, algae and cyanobacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Dušan Lazár
- Department of Biophysics, Center of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Faculty of Science, Palacký University, Šlechtitelů 27, 783 71 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Ya Guo
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Process Control for Light Industry (Ministry of Education), Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
- University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Govindjee Govindjee
- Department of Biochemistry, Department of Plant Biology, and Center of Biophysics & Quantitative Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
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Wada S, Miyake C, Makino A, Suzuki Y. Photorespiration Coupled With CO 2 Assimilation Protects Photosystem I From Photoinhibition Under Moderate Poly(Ethylene Glycol)-Induced Osmotic Stress in Rice. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 11:1121. [PMID: 32849689 PMCID: PMC7396556 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.01121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2019] [Accepted: 07/07/2020] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Photorespiration coupled with CO2 assimilation is thought to act as a defense system against photoinhibition caused by osmotic stress. In the present study, we examined whether such a mechanism is operative for the protection of photosystem I (PSI) in rice (Oryza sativa L.) including transgenic plants with decreased and increased Rubisco content (RBCS-antisense and RBCS-sense plants, respectively). All plants were hydroponically grown and moderate osmotic stress was imposed using hydroponic culture solutions containing poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) at 16% or 20% (w/v) for 2 d. In wild-type plants, the rates of CO2 assimilation (A) were significantly decreased by the PEG treatment, whereas the photorespiration activity estimated from the rates of electron transport in photosystem II (PSII) and A were not affected. The maximal quantum efficiency of PSII (F v/F m) and the maximal activity of PSI (P m) were also not affected. In RBCS-antisense plants, A and the estimated photorespiration activity were considerably lower than those in wild-type plants in the presence or absence of the PEG treatment. P m and both F v/F m and P m decreased in the 16% PEG-treated and 20% PEG-treated RBCS-antisense plants, respectively. Thus, the decrease in Rubisco content led to the photoinhibition of PSI and PSII, indicating the importance of photorespiration coupled with CO2 assimilation for the protection of PSI from moderate PEG-induced osmotic stress. It was also shown that PSI was more sensitive to osmotic stress than PSII. In the PEG-treated wild-type and RBCS-antisense plants, osmotic-stress responses of the photosynthetic electron transport reactions upstream of PSI led to the oxidation of P700, which is thought to prevent PSI from over-reduction. Although such a defense system operated, it was not sufficient for the protection of PSI in RBCS-antisense plants. In addition, there were no large differences in the parameters measured between wild-type and RBCS-sense plants, as overproduction of Rubisco did not increase photorespiration activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinya Wada
- Faculty of Agriculture, Iwate University, Morioka, Japan
- Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, Nada-ku, Japan
| | - Chikahiro Miyake
- Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, Nada-ku, Japan
| | - Amane Makino
- Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Aoba-ku, Japan
| | - Yuji Suzuki
- Faculty of Agriculture, Iwate University, Morioka, Japan
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Plastocyanin is the long-range electron carrier between photosystem II and photosystem I in plants. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2020; 117:15354-15362. [PMID: 32541018 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2005832117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
In photosynthetic electron transport, large multiprotein complexes are connected by small diffusible electron carriers, the mobility of which is challenged by macromolecular crowding. For thylakoid membranes of higher plants, a long-standing question has been which of the two mobile electron carriers, plastoquinone or plastocyanin, mediates electron transport from stacked grana thylakoids where photosystem II (PSII) is localized to distant unstacked regions of the thylakoids that harbor PSI. Here, we confirm that plastocyanin is the long-range electron carrier by employing mutants with different grana diameters. Furthermore, our results explain why higher plants have a narrow range of grana diameters since a larger diffusion distance for plastocyanin would jeopardize the efficiency of electron transport. In the light of recent findings that the lumen of thylakoids, which forms the diffusion space of plastocyanin, undergoes dynamic swelling/shrinkage, this study demonstrates that plastocyanin diffusion is a crucial regulatory element of plant photosynthetic electron transport.
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Petrova EV, Kukarskikh GP, Krendeleva TE, Antal TK. The Mechanisms and Role of Photosynthetic Hydrogen Production by Green Microalgae. Microbiology (Reading) 2020. [DOI: 10.1134/s0026261720030169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
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Terentyev VV, Shukshina AK, Ashikhmin AA, Tikhonov KG, Shitov AV. The Main Structural and Functional Characteristics of Photosystem-II-Enriched Membranes Isolated from Wild Type and cia3 Mutant Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. Life (Basel) 2020; 10:life10050063. [PMID: 32423065 PMCID: PMC7281441 DOI: 10.3390/life10050063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2020] [Revised: 05/07/2020] [Accepted: 05/12/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Photosystem II (PSII)-enriched membranes retain the original PSII architecture in contrast to PSII cores or PSII supercomplexes, which are usually isolated from Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. Here, we present data that fully characterize the structural and functional properties of PSII complexes in isolated PSII-enriched membranes from C. reinhardtii. The preparations were isolated from wild-type (WT) and CAH3-deficient mutant cia3 as the influence of CAH3 on the PSII function was previously proposed. Based on the equal chlorophyll content, the PSII-enriched membranes from WT and cia3 have the same amount of reaction centers (RCs), cytochrome b559, subunits of the water-oxidizing complex, Mn ions, and carotenes. They differ in the ratio of other carotenoids, the parts of low/intermediate redox forms of cytochrome b559, and the composition of outer light-harvesting complexes. The preparations had 40% more chlorophyll molecules per RC compared to higher plants. Functionally, PSII-enriched membranes from WT and cia3 show the same photosynthetic activity at optimal pH 6.5. However, the preparations from cia3 contained more closed RCs even at pH 6.5 and showed more pronounced suppression of PSII photosynthetic activity at shift pH up to 7.0, established in the lumen of dark-adapted cells. Nevertheless, the PSII photosynthetic capacities remained the same.
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Vanlerberghe GC, Dahal K, Alber NA, Chadee A. Photosynthesis, respiration and growth: A carbon and energy balancing act for alternative oxidase. Mitochondrion 2020; 52:197-211. [PMID: 32278748 DOI: 10.1016/j.mito.2020.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2019] [Revised: 02/28/2020] [Accepted: 04/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
This review summarizes knowledge of alternative oxidase, a mitochondrial electron transport chain component that lowers the ATP yield of plant respiration. Analysis of mutant and transgenic plants has established that alternative oxidase activity supports leaf photosynthesis. The interaction of alternative oxidase respiration with chloroplast metabolism is important under conditions that challenge energy and/or carbon balance in the photosynthetic cell. Under such conditions, alternative oxidase provides an extra-chloroplastic means to optimize the status of chloroplast energy pools (ATP, NADPH) and to manage cellular carbohydrate pools in response to changing rates of carbon fixation and carbon demand for growth and maintenance. Transcriptional and post-translational mechanisms ensure that alternative oxidase can respond effectively when carbon and energy balance are being challenged. This function appears particularly significant under abiotic stress conditions such as water deficit, high salinity, or temperature extremes. Under such conditions, alternative oxidase respiration positively affects growth and stress tolerance, despite it lowering the energy yield and carbon use efficiency of respiration. In part, this beneficial effect relates to the ability of alternative oxidase respiration to prevent excessive reactive oxygen species generation in both mitochondria and chloroplasts. Recent evidence suggests that alternative oxidase respiration is an interesting target for crop improvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Greg C Vanlerberghe
- Department of Biological Sciences, and Department of Cell and Systems Biology, University of Toronto Scarborough, 1265 Military Trail, Toronto, ON M1C1A4, Canada.
| | - Keshav Dahal
- Fredericton Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, 850 Lincoln Road, P.O. Box 20280, Fredericton, New Brunswick E3B4Z7, Canada
| | - Nicole A Alber
- Department of Biological Sciences, and Department of Cell and Systems Biology, University of Toronto Scarborough, 1265 Military Trail, Toronto, ON M1C1A4, Canada
| | - Avesh Chadee
- Department of Biological Sciences, and Department of Cell and Systems Biology, University of Toronto Scarborough, 1265 Military Trail, Toronto, ON M1C1A4, Canada
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