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Huang C, He X, Shi R, Zi S, Xi C, Li X, Liu T. Mycorrhizal fungi reduce the photosystem damage caused by drought stress on Paris polyphylla var. yunnanensis. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0294394. [PMID: 38635811 PMCID: PMC11025924 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0294394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2022] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 04/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Drought stress (DS) is one of the important abiotic stresses facing cash crops today. Drought can reduce plant growth and development, inhibit photosynthesis, and thus reduce plant yield. In this experiment, we investigated the protective mechanism of AMF on plant photosynthetic system by inoculating Paris polyphylla var. yunnanensis(P.py) with a clumping mycorrhizal fungus (AMF) under drought conditions. The drought environment was maintained by weighing AMF plants and non-AMF plants. The relative water content (RWC) of plant leaves was measured to determine its drought effect. DS decreased the RWC of plants, but AMF was able to increase the RWC of plants. chlorophyll a fluorescence curve measurements revealed that DS increased the OKJIP curve of plants, but AMF was able to reduce this trend, indicating that AMF increased the light absorption capacity of plants. DS also caused a decrease in plant Y(I) and Y(II). ETRI and ETRII, and increased Y(NO) and Y(NA) in plants, indicating that DS caused photosystem damage in plants. For the same host, different AMFs did not help to the same extent, but all AMFs were able to help plants reduce this damage and contribute to the increase of plant photosynthesis under normal water conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Can Huang
- Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
- Guangxi Subtropical Crops Research Institute, Nanning, China
| | - Xiahong He
- Southwest Forestry University, Kunming, China
| | - Rui Shi
- Southwest Forestry University, Kunming, China
| | - Shuhui Zi
- Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
| | - Congfang Xi
- Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
| | - Xiaoxian Li
- Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
| | - Tao Liu
- Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
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2
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Duan X, Wang Q, Mu W, Wei X. Optimization of irrigation and fertilization of apples under magnetoelectric water irrigation in extremely arid areas. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2024; 15:1356338. [PMID: 38571706 PMCID: PMC10987774 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2024.1356338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 03/05/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024]
Abstract
Apple (Malus pumila Mill.) is one of the important economic crops in the arid areas of Xinjiang, China. For a long time, there has been a problem of high consumption but low yield in water and fertilizer management, prevent improvements in apple quality and yield. In this study, 5-year-old 'Royal Gala' apple trees in extremely arid areas of Xinjiang were used as experimental materials to carry out field experiments. considering 5 irrigation levels (W1, 30 mm; W2, 425 mm; W3, 550 mm; W4, 675 mm; W5, 800 mm) and 5 fertilization levels (F1, 280 kg·ha-1; F2, 360 kg·ha-1; F3, 440 kg·ha-1; F4, 520 kg·ha-1; F5, 600 kg·ha-1) under magnetoelectric water irrigation conditions. The results demonstrated that magnetoelectric water combined with the application of 675 mm irrigation amount and 520 kg·ha-1 fertilization amount was the most effective combination. These results occurred by increasing net photosynthetic rate of apple leaves, improved the quality of apples, increased apple yield, and promoted the improvement of water and fertilizer use efficiency. Additionally, the quadratic regression model was used to fit the response process of yield, IWUE and PFP to irrigation amount and fertilization amount, and the accuracy was greater than 0.8, indicating good fitting effects. The synergistic effect of water and fertilizer has a positive effect on optimizing apple water and fertilizer management. Principal component analysis showed that the magnetoelectric treatment combined water and fertilizer mainly affected apple yield, water and fertilizer use efficiency and vitamin C content related to quality. This study provides valuable guidance for improving water and fertilizer productivity, crop yield and quality in extreme arid areas of Xinjiang by using Magnetoelectric water irrigation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Quanjiu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Eco-hydraulics in Northwest Arid Region, Xi’an University of Technology, Xi’an, China
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Zeng ZL, Wang XQ, Zhang SB, Huang W. Mesophyll conductance limits photosynthesis in fluctuating light under combined drought and heat stresses. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2024; 194:1498-1511. [PMID: 37956105 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiad605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Revised: 10/18/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023]
Abstract
Drought and heat stresses usually occur concomitantly in nature, with increasing frequency and intensity of both stresses expected due to climate change. The synergistic agricultural impacts of these compound climate extremes are much greater than those of the individual stresses. However, the mechanisms by which drought and heat stresses separately and concomitantly affect dynamic photosynthesis have not been thoroughly assessed. To elucidate this, we used tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) seedlings to measure dynamic photosynthesis under individual and compound stresses of drought and heat. Individual drought and heat stresses limited dynamic photosynthesis at the stages of diffusional conductance to CO2 and biochemistry, respectively. However, the primary limiting factor for photosynthesis shifted to mesophyll conductance under the compound stresses. Compared with the control, photosynthetic carbon gain in fluctuating light decreased by 38%, 73%, and 114% under the individual drought, heat, and compound stresses, respectively. Therefore, compound stresses caused a greater reduction in photosynthetic carbon gain in fluctuating light conditions than individual stress. These findings highlight the importance of mitigating the effects of compound climate extremes on crop productivity by targeting mesophyll conductance and improving dynamic photosynthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Lan Zeng
- Department of Economic Plants and Biotechnology, Yunnan Key Laboratory for Wild Plant Resources, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xiao-Qian Wang
- Department of Economic Plants and Biotechnology, Yunnan Key Laboratory for Wild Plant Resources, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, China
| | - Shi-Bao Zhang
- Department of Economic Plants and Biotechnology, Yunnan Key Laboratory for Wild Plant Resources, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, China
| | - Wei Huang
- Department of Economic Plants and Biotechnology, Yunnan Key Laboratory for Wild Plant Resources, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, China
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4
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Al-Quraan NA, Samarah NH, Tanash AA. Effect of drought stress on wheat ( Triticum durum) growth and metabolism: insight from GABA shunt, reactive oxygen species and dehydrin genes expression. FUNCTIONAL PLANT BIOLOGY : FPB 2024; 51:NULL. [PMID: 36346967 DOI: 10.1071/fp22177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2022] [Accepted: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Activation of γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) shunt pathway and upregulation of dehydrins are involved in metabolic homeostasis and protective mechanisms against drought stress. Seed germination percentage, seedling growth, levels of GABA, alanine, glutamate, malondialdehyde (MDA), and the expression of glutamate decarboxylase (GAD ) and dehydrin (dhn and wcor ) genes were examined in post-germination and seedlings of four durum wheat (Triticum durum L.) cultivars in response to water holding capacity levels (80%, 50%, and 20%). Data showed a significant decrease in seed germination percentage, seedling length, fresh and dry weight, and water content as water holding capacity level was decreased. Levels of GABA, alanine, glutamate, and MDA were significantly increased with a negative correlation in post-germination and seedling stages as water holding capacity level was decreased. Prolonged exposure to drought stress increased the GAD expression that activated GABA shunt pathway especially at seedlings growth stage to maintain carbon/nitrogen balance, amino acids and carbohydrates metabolism, and plant growth regulation under drought stress. The mRNA transcripts of dhn and wcor significantly increased as water availability decreased in all wheat cultivars during the post-germination stage presumably to enhance plant tolerance to drought stress by cell membrane protection, cryoprotection of enzymes, and prevention of reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation. This study showed that the four durum wheat cultivars responded differently to drought stress especially during the seedling growth stage which might be connected with ROS scavenging systems and the activation of antioxidant enzymes that were associated with activation of GABA shunt pathway and the production of GABA in durum seedlings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nisreen A Al-Quraan
- Department of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Faculty of Science and Arts, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid 22110, Jordan
| | - Nezar H Samarah
- Department of Plant Production, Faculty of Agriculture, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid 22110, Jordan
| | - Ayah A Tanash
- Department of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Faculty of Science and Arts, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid 22110, Jordan
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5
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Hu F, Zhang Y, Guo J. Effects of drought stress on photosynthetic physiological characteristics, leaf microstructure, and related gene expression of yellow horn. PLANT SIGNALING & BEHAVIOR 2023; 18:2215025. [PMID: 37243677 DOI: 10.1080/15592324.2023.2215025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Revised: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 05/01/2023] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Yellow horn grows in northern China and has a high tolerance to drought and poor soil. Improving photosynthetic efficiency and increasing plant growth and yield under drought conditions have become important research content for researchers worldwide. Our study goal is to provide comprehensive information on photosynthesis and some candidate genes breeding of yellow horn under drought stress. In this study, seedlings' stomatal conductance, chlorophyll content, and fluorescence parameters decreased under drought stress, but non-photochemical quenching increased. The leaf microstructure showed that stomata underwent a process from opening to closing, guard cells from complete to dry, and surrounding leaf cells from smooth to severe shrinkage. The chloroplast ultrastructure showed that the changes of starch granules were different under different drought stress, while plastoglobules increased and expanded continuously. In addition, we found some differentially expressed genes related to photosystem, electron transport component, oxidative phosphate ATPase, stomatal closure, and chloroplast ultrastructure. These results laid a foundation for further genetic improvement and deficit resistance breeding of yellow horn under drought stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Hu
- College of Forestry, Shanxi Agricultural University, Jinzhong, Shanxi, China
| | - Yunxiang Zhang
- College of Forestry, Shanxi Agricultural University, Jinzhong, Shanxi, China
| | - Jinping Guo
- College of Forestry, Shanxi Agricultural University, Jinzhong, Shanxi, China
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Shomali A, Aliniaeifard S, Mohammadian M, Lotfi M, Kalaji HM. Genotype-dependent Strategies to "Overcome" Excessive Light: Insights into Non-Photochemical Quenching under High Light Intensity. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2023; 175:e14077. [PMID: 38148223 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.14077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2023] [Revised: 10/05/2023] [Accepted: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/28/2023]
Abstract
High light (HL) intensities have a significant impact on energy flux and distribution within photosynthetic apparatus. To understand the effect of high light intensity (HL) on the HL tolerance mechanisms in tomatoes, we examined the response of the photosynthesis apparatus of 12 tomato genotypes to HL. A reduced electron transfer per reaction center (ET0 /RC), an increased energy dissipation (DI0 /RC) and non-photochemical quenching (NPQ), along with a reduced maximum quantum yield of photosystem II (FV /FM ), and performance index per absorbed photon (PIABS ) were common HL-induced responses among genotypes; however, the magnitude of those responses was highly genotype-dependent. Tolerant and sensitive genotypes were distinguished based on chlorophyll fluorescence and energy-quenching responses to HL. Tolerant genotypes alleviated excess light through energy-dependent quenching (qE ), resulting in smaller photoinhibitory quenching (qI ) compared to sensitive genotypes. Quantum yield components also shifted under HL, favoring the quantum yield of NPQ (ՓNPQ ) and the quantum yield of basal energy loss (ՓN0 ), while reducing the efficient quantum yield of PSII (ՓPSII ). The impact of HL on tolerant genotypes was less pronounced. While the energy partitioning ratio did not differ significantly between sensitive and tolerant genotypes, the ratio of NPQ components, especially qI , affected plant resilience against HL. These findings provide insights into different patterns of HL-induced NPQ components in tolerant and sensitive genotypes, aiding the development of resilient crops for heterogeneous light conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aida Shomali
- Photosynthesis Laboratory, Department of Horticulture, Aburaihan Campus, University of Tehran, Pakdasht, Iran
| | - Sasan Aliniaeifard
- Photosynthesis Laboratory, Department of Horticulture, Aburaihan Campus, University of Tehran, Pakdasht, Iran
- Controlled Environment Agriculture Center, College of Agriculture and natural resources, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Mohammadian
- Photosynthesis Laboratory, Department of Horticulture, Aburaihan Campus, University of Tehran, Pakdasht, Iran
| | - Mahmoud Lotfi
- Photosynthesis Laboratory, Department of Horticulture, Aburaihan Campus, University of Tehran, Pakdasht, Iran
| | - Hazem M Kalaji
- Institute of Technology and Life Sciences, National Research Institute, Raszyn, Poland
- Department of Plant Physiology, Institute of Biology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, SGGW, Warsaw, Poland
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Yu X, Liu Y, Cao P, Zeng X, Xu B, Luo F, Yang X, Wang X, Wang X, Xiao X, Yang L, Lei T. Morphological Structure and Physiological and Biochemical Responses to Drought Stress of Iris japonica. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:3729. [PMID: 37960085 PMCID: PMC10648531 DOI: 10.3390/plants12213729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2023] [Revised: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 10/29/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023]
Abstract
Drought is among the most important abiotic stresses on plants, so research on the physiological regulation mechanisms of plants under drought stress can critically increase the economic and ecological value of plants in arid regions. In this study, the effects of drought stress on the growth status and biochemical indicators of Iris japonica were explored. Under drought stress, the root system, leaves, rhizomes, and terrestrial stems of plants were sequentially affected; the root system was sparse and slender; and the leaves lost their luster and gradually wilted. Among the physiological changes, the increase in the proline and soluble protein content of Iris japonica enhanced the cellular osmotic pressure and reduced the water loss. In anatomical structures, I. japonica chloroplasts were deformed after drought treatment, whereas the anatomical structures of roots did not substantially change. Plant antioxidant systems play an important role in maintaining cellular homeostasis; but, as drought stress intensified, the soluble sugar content of terrestrial stems was reduced by 55%, and the ascorbate peroxidase, glutathione reductase, and monodehydroascorbate reductase (MDHAR) activities of leaves and the MDHAR activity of roots were reduced by 29%, 40%, 22%, and 77%, respectively. Overall, I. japonica was resistant to 63 days of severe drought stress and resisted drought through various physiological responses. These findings provide a basis for the application of I. japonica in water-scarce areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofang Yu
- College of Landscape Architecture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (Y.L.); (P.C.); (X.Z.); (B.X.); (F.L.); (X.Y.); (X.W.); (X.W.); (L.Y.); (T.L.)
| | - Yujia Liu
- College of Landscape Architecture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (Y.L.); (P.C.); (X.Z.); (B.X.); (F.L.); (X.Y.); (X.W.); (X.W.); (L.Y.); (T.L.)
| | - Panpan Cao
- College of Landscape Architecture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (Y.L.); (P.C.); (X.Z.); (B.X.); (F.L.); (X.Y.); (X.W.); (X.W.); (L.Y.); (T.L.)
| | - Xiaoxuan Zeng
- College of Landscape Architecture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (Y.L.); (P.C.); (X.Z.); (B.X.); (F.L.); (X.Y.); (X.W.); (X.W.); (L.Y.); (T.L.)
| | - Bin Xu
- College of Landscape Architecture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (Y.L.); (P.C.); (X.Z.); (B.X.); (F.L.); (X.Y.); (X.W.); (X.W.); (L.Y.); (T.L.)
| | - Fuwen Luo
- College of Landscape Architecture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (Y.L.); (P.C.); (X.Z.); (B.X.); (F.L.); (X.Y.); (X.W.); (X.W.); (L.Y.); (T.L.)
| | - Xuan Yang
- College of Landscape Architecture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (Y.L.); (P.C.); (X.Z.); (B.X.); (F.L.); (X.Y.); (X.W.); (X.W.); (L.Y.); (T.L.)
| | - Xiantong Wang
- College of Landscape Architecture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (Y.L.); (P.C.); (X.Z.); (B.X.); (F.L.); (X.Y.); (X.W.); (X.W.); (L.Y.); (T.L.)
| | - Xiaoyu Wang
- College of Landscape Architecture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (Y.L.); (P.C.); (X.Z.); (B.X.); (F.L.); (X.Y.); (X.W.); (X.W.); (L.Y.); (T.L.)
| | - Xue Xiao
- Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China;
| | - Lijuan Yang
- College of Landscape Architecture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (Y.L.); (P.C.); (X.Z.); (B.X.); (F.L.); (X.Y.); (X.W.); (X.W.); (L.Y.); (T.L.)
| | - Ting Lei
- College of Landscape Architecture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (Y.L.); (P.C.); (X.Z.); (B.X.); (F.L.); (X.Y.); (X.W.); (X.W.); (L.Y.); (T.L.)
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Fang J, Shi G, Wei S, Ma J, Zhang X, Wang J, Chen L, Liu Y, Zhao X, Lu Z. Drought Sensitivity of Spring Wheat Cultivars Shapes Rhizosphere Microbial Community Patterns in Response to Drought. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:3650. [PMID: 37896113 PMCID: PMC10609721 DOI: 10.3390/plants12203650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Revised: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023]
Abstract
Drought is the most important natural disaster affecting crop growth and development. Crop rhizosphere microorganisms can affect crop growth and development, enhance the effective utilization of nutrients, and resist adversity and hazards. In this paper, six spring wheat varieties were used as research material in the dry farming area of the western foot of the Greater Khingan Mountains, and two kinds of water control treatments were carried out: dry shed rain prevention (DT) and regulated water replenishment (CK). Phenotypic traits, including physiological and biochemical indices, drought resistance gene expression, soil enzyme activity, soil nutrient content, and the responses of potential functional bacteria and fungi under drought stress, were systematically analyzed. The results showed that compared with the control (CK), the leaf wilting, drooping, and yellowing of six spring wheat varieties were enhanced under drought (DT) treatment. The plant height, fresh weight (FW), dry weight (DW), net photosynthetic rate (Pn) and stomatal conductance (Gs), soil total nitrogen (TN), microbial biomass carbon (MBC), microbial biomass nitrogen (MBN), microbial biomass phosphorus (MBP), organic carbon (SOC), and soil alkaline phosphatase (S-ALP) contents were significantly decreased, among which, FW, Gs and MBC decreased by more than 7.84%, 17.43% and 11.31%, respectively. By contrast, the soil total phosphorus (TP), total potassium (TK), and soil catalase (S-CAT) contents were significantly increased (p < 0.05). TaWdreb2 and TaBADHb genes were highly expressed in T.D40, T.L36, and T.L33 and were expressed at low levels in T.N2, T.B12, and T.F5. Among them, the relative expression of the TaWdreb2 gene in T.L36 was significantly increased by 2.683 times compared with CK. Soil TN and TP are the most sensitive to drought stress and can be used as the characteristic values of drought stress. Based on this, a drought-tolerant variety (T.L36) and a drought-sensitive variety (T.B12) were selected to further analyze the changes in rhizosphere microorganisms. Drought treatment and cultivar differences significantly affected the composition of the rhizosphere microbial community. Drought caused a decrease in the complexity of the rhizosphere microbial network, and the structure of bacteria was more complex than that of fungi. The Shannon index and network modular number of bacteria in these varieties (T.L36) increased, with rich small-world network properties. Actinobacteria, Chloroflexi, Firmicutes, Basidiomycota, and Ascomycota were the dominant bacteria under drought treatment. The beneficial bacteria Bacillus, Penicillium, and Blastococcus were enriched in the rhizosphere of T.L36. Brevibacillus and Glycomyce were enriched in the rhizosphere of T.B12. In general, drought can inhibit the growth and development of spring wheat, and spring wheat can resist drought hazards by regulating the expression of drought-related genes, regulating physiological metabolites, and enriching beneficial microorganisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Fang
- School of Life Science, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot 010020, China; (J.F.); (G.S.); (S.W.); (J.M.); (Y.L.)
- Inner Mongolia Academy of Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Sciences, Hohhot 010031, China; (X.Z.); (J.W.); (L.C.)
- Key Laboratory of Black Soil Protection and Utilization (Hohhot), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Hohhot 010031, China
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Degradation Farmland Ecological Restoration and Pollution Control, Hohhot 010031, China
| | - Gongfu Shi
- School of Life Science, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot 010020, China; (J.F.); (G.S.); (S.W.); (J.M.); (Y.L.)
| | - Shuli Wei
- School of Life Science, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot 010020, China; (J.F.); (G.S.); (S.W.); (J.M.); (Y.L.)
- Inner Mongolia Academy of Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Sciences, Hohhot 010031, China; (X.Z.); (J.W.); (L.C.)
- Key Laboratory of Black Soil Protection and Utilization (Hohhot), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Hohhot 010031, China
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Degradation Farmland Ecological Restoration and Pollution Control, Hohhot 010031, China
| | - Jie Ma
- School of Life Science, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot 010020, China; (J.F.); (G.S.); (S.W.); (J.M.); (Y.L.)
- Inner Mongolia Academy of Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Sciences, Hohhot 010031, China; (X.Z.); (J.W.); (L.C.)
- Key Laboratory of Black Soil Protection and Utilization (Hohhot), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Hohhot 010031, China
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Degradation Farmland Ecological Restoration and Pollution Control, Hohhot 010031, China
| | - Xiangqian Zhang
- Inner Mongolia Academy of Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Sciences, Hohhot 010031, China; (X.Z.); (J.W.); (L.C.)
- Key Laboratory of Black Soil Protection and Utilization (Hohhot), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Hohhot 010031, China
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Degradation Farmland Ecological Restoration and Pollution Control, Hohhot 010031, China
| | - Jianguo Wang
- Inner Mongolia Academy of Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Sciences, Hohhot 010031, China; (X.Z.); (J.W.); (L.C.)
- Key Laboratory of Black Soil Protection and Utilization (Hohhot), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Hohhot 010031, China
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Degradation Farmland Ecological Restoration and Pollution Control, Hohhot 010031, China
| | - Liyu Chen
- Inner Mongolia Academy of Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Sciences, Hohhot 010031, China; (X.Z.); (J.W.); (L.C.)
- Key Laboratory of Black Soil Protection and Utilization (Hohhot), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Hohhot 010031, China
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Degradation Farmland Ecological Restoration and Pollution Control, Hohhot 010031, China
| | - Ying Liu
- School of Life Science, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot 010020, China; (J.F.); (G.S.); (S.W.); (J.M.); (Y.L.)
- Inner Mongolia Academy of Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Sciences, Hohhot 010031, China; (X.Z.); (J.W.); (L.C.)
- Key Laboratory of Black Soil Protection and Utilization (Hohhot), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Hohhot 010031, China
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Degradation Farmland Ecological Restoration and Pollution Control, Hohhot 010031, China
| | - Xiaoqing Zhao
- School of Life Science, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot 010020, China; (J.F.); (G.S.); (S.W.); (J.M.); (Y.L.)
- Inner Mongolia Academy of Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Sciences, Hohhot 010031, China; (X.Z.); (J.W.); (L.C.)
- Key Laboratory of Black Soil Protection and Utilization (Hohhot), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Hohhot 010031, China
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Degradation Farmland Ecological Restoration and Pollution Control, Hohhot 010031, China
| | - Zhanyuan Lu
- School of Life Science, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot 010020, China; (J.F.); (G.S.); (S.W.); (J.M.); (Y.L.)
- Inner Mongolia Academy of Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Sciences, Hohhot 010031, China; (X.Z.); (J.W.); (L.C.)
- Key Laboratory of Black Soil Protection and Utilization (Hohhot), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Hohhot 010031, China
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Degradation Farmland Ecological Restoration and Pollution Control, Hohhot 010031, China
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Hu C, Elias E, Nawrocki WJ, Croce R. Drought affects both photosystems in Arabidopsis thaliana. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2023; 240:663-675. [PMID: 37530066 DOI: 10.1111/nph.19171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2023] [Accepted: 07/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/03/2023]
Abstract
Drought is a major abiotic stress that impairs plant growth and development. Despite this, a comprehensive understanding of drought effects on the photosynthetic apparatus is lacking. In this work, we studied the consequences of 14-d drought treatment on Arabidopsis thaliana. We used biochemical and spectroscopic methods to examine photosynthetic membrane composition and functionality. Drought led to the disassembly of PSII supercomplexes and the degradation of PSII core. The light-harvesting complexes (LHCII) instead remain in the membrane but cannot act as an antenna for active PSII, thus representing a potential source of photodamage. This effect can also be observed during nonphotochemical quenching (NPQ) induction when even short pulses of saturating light can lead to photoinhibition. At a later stage, under severe drought stress, the PSI antenna size is also reduced and the PSI-LHCI supercomplexes disassemble. Surprisingly, although we did not observe changes in the PSI core protein content, the functionality of PSI is severely affected, suggesting the accumulation of nonfunctional PSI complexes. We conclude that drought affects both photosystems, although at a different stage, and that the operative quantum efficiency of PSII (ΦPSII ) is very sensitive to drought and can thus be used as a parameter for early detection of drought stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Hu
- Biophysics of Photosynthesis, Department of Physics and Astronomy and Institute for Lasers, Life and Biophotonics, Faculty of Science, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1081, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Eduard Elias
- Biophysics of Photosynthesis, Department of Physics and Astronomy and Institute for Lasers, Life and Biophotonics, Faculty of Science, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1081, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Wojciech J Nawrocki
- Biophysics of Photosynthesis, Department of Physics and Astronomy and Institute for Lasers, Life and Biophotonics, Faculty of Science, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1081, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Roberta Croce
- Biophysics of Photosynthesis, Department of Physics and Astronomy and Institute for Lasers, Life and Biophotonics, Faculty of Science, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1081, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
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10
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Cui X, Lou L, Zhang Y, Yan B. Study of the distribution of Glycyrrhiza uralensis production areas as well as the factors affecting yield and quality. Sci Rep 2023; 13:5160. [PMID: 36991024 PMCID: PMC10060575 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-31946-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2022] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Wild licorice in China is mainly distributed in northern China, such as Gansu, Ningxia, and Inner Mongolia Provinces. The origin of wild licorice has varied among historical periods. The cultivated origin of planted licorice has the same as 59.26% of wild licorice. The distribution of cultivated licorice was shifted to the northwest relative to that of wild licorice. The yield and quality of cultivated licorice vary greatly from different origins, showing a certain pattern of variation from west to east. The same batch of licorice seedlings was planted at 8 sites overlapping the main licorice production areas in China. The yield and quality of licorice in the Baicheng experimental plot were low. The yield of licorice in the Jingtai and Altay experimental plots was high, but the quality was poor. The quality of licorice in Chifeng and Yuzhong experimental sites was high, but the yield was low. Principal component analysis of environmental and soil factors generated five characteristic roots with a cumulative contribution rate of 80%, three of which were related to soil and referred to as the soil charge factor, soil water factor, and soil nutrient factor, and the load coefficients of the water and nutrient factor were the largest. Soil conditions, especially water and nutrients, might have a substantial effect on the observed changes in the licorice production area. Generally, the regulation of water and nutrients merits special attention when selecting areas for the production and cultivation of licorice. This study can provide reference for the selection of cultivated licorice production areas and the research of high-quality cultivation techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinping Cui
- State Key Laboratory and Breeding Base of Dao-di Herbs, Resource Center of Chinese Materia Medica China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China
| | - Lin Lou
- School of Chinese Pharmacy, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100102, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory and Breeding Base of Dao-di Herbs, Resource Center of Chinese Materia Medica China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China.
| | - Binbin Yan
- State Key Laboratory and Breeding Base of Dao-di Herbs, Resource Center of Chinese Materia Medica China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China.
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11
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Drought Tolerance Assessment of Okra (Abelmoschus esculentus [L.] Moench) Accessions Based on Leaf Gas Exchange and Chlorophyll Fluorescence. Life (Basel) 2023; 13:life13030682. [PMID: 36983840 PMCID: PMC10052028 DOI: 10.3390/life13030682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2023] [Revised: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Physiological and complementary phenotypic traits are essential in the selection of drought-adapted crop genotypes. Understanding the physiological response of diverse okra genotypes under drought stress conditions is critical to the selection of drought-tolerant accessions for production or breeding. The objective of this study was to assess the levels of drought tolerance in preliminarily selected okra accessions based on leaf gas exchange and chlorophyll fluorescence to determine best-performing genotypes for drought-tolerance breeding. Twenty-six genetically diverse okra accessions were screened under non-stressed (NS) and drought-stressed (DS) conditions under a controlled glasshouse environment using a 13 × 2 alpha lattice design in three replicates, in two growing seasons. Data were subjected to statistical analyses using various procedures. A significant genotype × water condition interaction effect was recorded for transpiration rate (T), net CO2 assimilation (A), intrinsic water use efficiency (WUEi), instantaneous water use efficiency (WUEins), minimum fluorescence (Fo′), maximum fluorescence (Fm′), maximum quantum efficiency of photosystem II photochemistry (Fv′/Fm′), the effective quantum efficiency of PSII photochemistry (ɸPSII), photochemical quenching (qP), nonphotochemical quenching (qN) and relative measure of electron transport to oxygen molecules (ETR/A). The results suggested variable drought tolerance of the studied okra accessions for selection. Seven principal components (PCs) contributing to 82% of the total variation for assessed physiological traits were identified under DS conditions. Leaf gas exchange parameters, T, A and WUEi, and chlorophyll fluorescence parameters such as the ɸPSII, Fv′/Fm′, qP, qN, ETR and ETR/A had high loading scores and correlated with WUEi, the ɸPSII, qP and ETR under DS conditions. The study found that optimal gas exchange and photoprotection enhance drought adaptation in the assessed okra genotypes and tested water regimes. Using the physiological variables, the study identified drought-tolerant accessions, namely LS05, LS06, LS07 and LS08 based on high A, T, Fm′, Fv′/Fm′ and ETR, and LS10, LS11, LS18 and LS23 based on high AES, Ci, Ci/Ca, WUEi, WUEins, ɸPSII and AES. The selected genotypes are high-yielding (≥5 g/plant) under drought stress conditions and will complement phenotypic data and guide breeding for water-limited agro-ecologies.
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12
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Sun H, Shi Q, Liu NY, Zhang SB, Huang W. Drought stress delays photosynthetic induction and accelerates photoinhibition under short-term fluctuating light in tomato. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2023; 196:152-161. [PMID: 36706694 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2023.01.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2022] [Revised: 11/04/2022] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Fluctuating light (FL) and drought stress usually occur concomitantly. However, whether drought stress affects photosynthetic performance under FL remains unknown. Here, we measured gas exchange, chlorophyll fluorescence, and P700 redox state under FL in drought-stressed tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) seedlings. Drought stress significantly delayed the induction kinetics of stomatal and mesophyll conductances after transition from low to high light and thus delayed photosynthetic induction under FL. Therefore, drought stress exacerbated the loss of carbon gain under FL. Furthermore, restriction of CO2 fixation under drought stress aggravated the over-reduction of photosystem I (PSI) upon transition from low to high light. The resulting stronger FL-induced PSI photoinhibition significantly suppressed linear electron flow and PSI photoprotection. These results indicated that drought stress not only caused a larger loss of carbon gain under FL but also accelerated FL-induced photoinhibition of PSI. Furthermore, drought stress enhanced relative cyclic electron flow in FL, which partially compensated for restricted CO2 fixation and thus favored PSI photoprotection under FL. To our knowledge, we here show new insight into how drought stress affects photosynthetic performance under FL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hu Sun
- Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Qi Shi
- Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Ning-Yu Liu
- Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Shi-Bao Zhang
- Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201, China.
| | - Wei Huang
- Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201, China.
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13
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Hu C, Mascoli V, Elias E, Croce R. The photosynthetic apparatus of the CAM plant Tillandsia flabellate and its response to water deficit. JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2023; 282:153945. [PMID: 36805519 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2023.153945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2022] [Revised: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 02/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
CAM plants are superior to C3 plants in drought resistance because of their peculiar photosynthesis pathway and morphological features. While those aspects have been studied for decades, little is known about the photosynthetic machinery of CAM plants. Here, we used a combination of biochemical and biophysical methods to study the photosynthetic apparatus of Tillandsia flabellate, an obligatory CAM plant. Most of the Photosystems super- and sub-complexes have properties very similar to those of Arabidopsis, with the main difference that in Tillandsia PSI-LHCI complexes bind extra LHCI. Functional measurements show that the PSI/PSII ratio is rather low compared to other plants and that the antenna size of both PSI and PSII is small. Upon 30-day water deficiency, the composition of the photosystems does not change significantly, PSII efficiency remains high and no Photosystem II photoinhibition was detected despite a reduction of non-photochemical quenching (NPQ).
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Hu
- Biophysics of Photosynthesis, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Faculty of Science, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
| | - Vincenzo Mascoli
- Biophysics of Photosynthesis, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Faculty of Science, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
| | - Eduard Elias
- Biophysics of Photosynthesis, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Faculty of Science, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
| | - Roberta Croce
- Biophysics of Photosynthesis, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Faculty of Science, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
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14
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Suzuki Y, Ohsaki K, Takahashi Y, Wada S, Miyake C, Makino A. Behavior of Photosystems II and I Is Modulated Depending on N Partitioning to Rubisco in Mature Leaves Acclimated to Low N Levels and Senescent Leaves in Rice. PLANT & CELL PHYSIOLOGY 2023; 64:55-63. [PMID: 36208302 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcac139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2022] [Revised: 10/05/2022] [Accepted: 10/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
In mature leaves acclimated to low N levels and in senescent leaves, photosystems II and I (PSII and PSI, respectively) show typical responses to excess light energy. As CO2 assimilation is not transiently suppressed in these situations, the behavior of PSII and PSI is likely caused by endogenous biochemical changes in photosynthesis. In this study, this subject was studied in rice (Oryza sativa L.). Analysis was performed on mature and senescent leaves of control and N-deficient plants. Total leaf-N, Rubisco and chlorophyll (Chl) levels and their ratios were determined as biochemical parameters of photosynthesis. Total leaf-N, Rubisco and Chl levels decreased in the mature leaves of N-deficient plants and senescent leaves. The percentage of Rubisco-N in the total leaf-N decreased in these leaves, whereas that of Chl-N tended to remain almost constant in mature leaves but increased in senescent leaves. Changes in PSII and PSI parameters were best accounted for by the Rubisco-N percentage, strongly suggesting that the behavior of PSII and PSI is modulated depending on changes in N partitioning to Rubisco in mature leaves acclimated to low N levels and in senescent leaves. It is likely that a decrease in N partitioning to Rubisco leads to a decrease in Rubisco capacity relative to other photosynthetic capacities that inevitably generate excess light energy and that the operation of PSII and PSI is modulated in such situations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuji Suzuki
- Faculty of Agriculture, Iwate University, 3-18-8 Ueda, Morioka, 020-8550 Japan
| | - Kaho Ohsaki
- Faculty of Agriculture, Iwate University, 3-18-8 Ueda, Morioka, 020-8550 Japan
| | - Yuki Takahashi
- Faculty of Agriculture, Iwate University, 3-18-8 Ueda, Morioka, 020-8550 Japan
| | - Shinya Wada
- Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodai, Nada-ku, Kobe, 657-8501 Japan
| | - Chikahiro Miyake
- Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodai, Nada-ku, Kobe, 657-8501 Japan
| | - Amane Makino
- Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Aramaki-Aoba 468-1, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-8572 Japan
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15
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Yan F, Yu Z, Shi Y. Optimized border irrigation delays winter wheat flag leaf senescence and promotes grain filling. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1051323. [PMID: 36860896 PMCID: PMC9968879 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1051323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2022] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Border irrigation is still the main irrigation method in the Huang-Huai-Hai Plain of China (HPC), and the suitable irrigation border length for water saving and high yield under traditional irrigation is still unclear. Therefore, a 2-year traditional border irrigation experiment (2017-2019) was conducted on the HPC. Four border lengths were tested: 20 m (L20), 30 m (L30), 40 m (L40), and 50 m (L50). These treatments were given supplementary irrigation at jointing and anthesis. An exclusively rainfed condition formed the control treatment. Compared with other treatments, the activities of superoxide dismutase antioxidant and sucrose phosphate synthetase, and the contents of sucrose and soluble proteins after anthesis were higher in the L40 and L50 treatments, while the content of malondialdehyde content was lower. Therefore, the L40 treatment effectively delayed the decrease in the soil plant analysis development (SPAD) value and chlorophyll fluorescence characteristics, promoted grain filling, and achieved the highest thousand-grain weight. Compared with the L40 treatment, the grain yields of the L20 and L30 treatment were significantly reduced, while the water productivity of the L50 treatment was significantly reduced. These findings suggest that 40 m was the optimal border length for both high yield and water saving in this experiment. This study provides a simple and low-cost water-saving irrigation method for winter wheat in the HPC under traditional irrigation, which can help alleviate the pressure of agricultural water use.
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Yang J, Kuang MT, Yang L, Huang W, Hu JM. Modern interpretation of the traditional application of Shihu - A comprehensive review on phytochemistry and pharmacology progress of Dendrobium officinale. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2023; 302:115912. [PMID: 36351476 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2022.115912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Revised: 10/20/2022] [Accepted: 11/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE The traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) "Shihu" has a long history of medicinal use in China from some species of Dendrobium. D. officinale is a major source of "Shihu" and is widely cultivated in south of China and listed separately as "Tiepi Shihu" by the Chinese Pharmacopoeia in now time. Traditionally, D. officinale has been widely used in daily health care and the treatment of diabetes and gastrointestinal diseases. AIM OF THIS REVIEW In order to better develop and utilize D. officinale, we conducted this systematic review of previous studies, showed clear structure of all isolates from D. officinale together with pharmacological progress, hoping to provide references for further research and utilization. In addition, specific display of the chemical components and the research progress of related activities can help to better understand the traditional records and modern pharmaceutical applications of the plant medicine. MATERIALS AND METHODS Information on phytochemistry and pharmacological studies of D. officinale was collected from various scientific databases including Web of Science, SciFinder, ACS, Springer, Scopus, PubMed, ScienceDirect, Google Scholar and CNKI. RESULTS More than 180 compounds isolated from D. officinale, including bibenzyls, phenols, phenylpropanoids, lignans, flavonoids and polysaccharides are listed in this review. Furthermore, modern pharmacological researches such as hypoglycemia, immune regulation, antioxidant, cardiovascular regulation and gastrointestinal protection are summarized. CONCLUSION Based on the summary of the research work of D. officinale, we systematically show the chemical composition of the plant, and concluded the relationship of those composition with plant habitat together with the relationship between the structure of chemical components and pharmacological activity. Moreover, we suggest that some of small molecule compounds could also be quality control of D. officinale besides polysaccharides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201, China; University of Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Meng-Ting Kuang
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201, China; Bio-Innovation Center of DR PLANT, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201, China
| | - Liu Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201, China; Bio-Innovation Center of DR PLANT, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201, China
| | - Wei Huang
- Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201, China
| | - Jiang-Miao Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201, China; Bio-Innovation Center of DR PLANT, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201, China; University of Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing, 100049, China.
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17
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Yudina L, Sukhova E, Gromova E, Mudrilov M, Zolin Y, Popova A, Nerush V, Pecherina A, Grishin AA, Dorokhov AA, Sukhov V. Effect of Duration of LED Lighting on Growth, Photosynthesis and Respiration in Lettuce. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:442. [PMID: 36771527 PMCID: PMC9921278 DOI: 10.3390/plants12030442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Revised: 01/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Parameters of illumination including the spectra, intensity, and photoperiod play an important role in the cultivation of plants under greenhouse conditions, especially for vegetables such as lettuce. We previously showed that illumination by a combination of red, blue, and white LEDs with a high red light intensity, was optimal for lettuce cultivation; however, the effect of the photoperiod on lettuce cultivation was not investigated. In the current work, we investigated the influence of photoperiod on production (total biomass and dry weight) and parameters of photosynthesis, respiration rate, and relative chlorophyll content in lettuce plants. A 16 h (light):8 h (dark) illumination regime was used as the control. In this work, we investigated the effect of photoperiod on total biomass and dry weight production in lettuce plants as well as on photosynthesis, respiration rate and chlorophyll content. A lighting regime 16:8 h (light:dark) was used as control. A shorter photoperiod (8 h) decreased total biomass and dry weight in lettuce, and this effect was related to the suppression of the linear electron flow caused by the decreasing content of chlorophylls and, therefore, light absorption. A longer photoperiod (24 h) increased the total biomass and dry weight, nevertheless an increase in photosynthetic processes, light absorption by leaves and chlorophyll content was not recorded, nor were differences in respiration rate, thus indicating that changes in photosynthesis and respiration are not necessary conditions for stimulating plant production. A simple model to predict plant production was also developed to address the question of whether increasing the duration of illumination stimulates plant production without inducing changes in photosynthesis and respiration. Our results indicate that increasing the duration of illumination can stimulate dry weight accumulation and that this effect can also be induced using the equal total light integrals for day (i.e., this stimulation can be also caused by increasing the light period while decreasing light intensity). Increasing the duration of illumination is therefore an effective approach to stimulating lettuce production under artificial lighting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lyubov Yudina
- Department of Biophysics, N.I. Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod, 603950 Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
| | - Ekaterina Sukhova
- Department of Biophysics, N.I. Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod, 603950 Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
| | - Ekaterina Gromova
- Department of Biophysics, N.I. Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod, 603950 Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
| | - Maxim Mudrilov
- Department of Biophysics, N.I. Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod, 603950 Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
| | - Yuriy Zolin
- Department of Biophysics, N.I. Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod, 603950 Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
| | - Alyona Popova
- Department of Biophysics, N.I. Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod, 603950 Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
| | - Vladimir Nerush
- Department of Biophysics, N.I. Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod, 603950 Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
| | - Anna Pecherina
- Department of Biophysics, N.I. Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod, 603950 Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
| | - Andrey A. Grishin
- Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution “Federal Scientific Agroengineering Center VIM” (FSAC VIM), 109428 Moscow, Russia
| | - Artem A. Dorokhov
- Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution “Federal Scientific Agroengineering Center VIM” (FSAC VIM), 109428 Moscow, Russia
| | - Vladimir Sukhov
- Department of Biophysics, N.I. Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod, 603950 Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
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18
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Pandey J, Devadasu E, Saini D, Dhokne K, Marriboina S, Raghavendra AS, Subramanyam R. Reversible changes in structure and function of photosynthetic apparatus of pea (Pisum sativum) leaves under drought stress. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2023; 113:60-74. [PMID: 36377283 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.16034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The effects of drought on photosynthesis have been extensively studied, whereas those on thylakoid organization are limited. We observed a significant decline in gas exchange parameters of pea (Pisum sativum) leaves under progressive drought stress. Chl a fluorescence kinetics revealed the reduction of photochemical efficiency of photosystem (PS)II and PSI. The non-photochemical quenching (NPQ) and the levels of PSII subunit PSBS increased. Furthermore, the light-harvesting complexes (LHCs) and some of the PSI and PSII core proteins were disassembled in drought conditions, whereas these complexes were reassociated during recovery. By contrast, the abundance of supercomplexes of PSII-LHCII and PSII dimer were reduced, whereas LHCII monomers increased following the change in the macro-organization of thylakoids. The stacks of thylakoids were loosely arranged in drought-affected plants, which could be attributed to changes in the supercomplexes of thylakoids. Severe drought stress caused a reduction of both LHCI and LHCII and a few reaction center proteins of PSI and PSII, indicating significant disorganization of the photosynthetic machinery. After 7 days of rewatering, plants recovered well, with restored chloroplast thylakoid structure and photosynthetic efficiency. The correlation of structural changes with leaf reactive oxygen species levels indicated that these changes were associated with the production of reactive oxygen species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jayendra Pandey
- Department of Plant Sciences, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, 500046, India
| | - Elsinraju Devadasu
- Department of Plant Sciences, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, 500046, India
| | - Deepak Saini
- Department of Plant Sciences, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, 500046, India
| | - Kunal Dhokne
- Department of Plant Sciences, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, 500046, India
| | - Sureshbabu Marriboina
- Department of Plant Sciences, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, 500046, India
| | - Agepati S Raghavendra
- Department of Plant Sciences, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, 500046, India
| | - Rajagopal Subramanyam
- Department of Plant Sciences, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, 500046, India
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Fang L, Martre P, Jin K, Du X, van der Putten PEL, Yin X, Struik PC. Neglecting acclimation of photosynthesis under drought can cause significant errors in predicting leaf photosynthesis in wheat. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2023; 29:505-521. [PMID: 36300859 PMCID: PMC10091787 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.16488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2022] [Revised: 09/14/2022] [Accepted: 10/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Extreme climatic events, such as heat waves, cold snaps and drought spells, related to global climate change, have become more frequent and intense in recent years. Acclimation of plant physiological processes to changes in environmental conditions is a key component of plant adaptation to climate change. We assessed the temperature response of leaf photosynthetic parameters in wheat grown under contrasting water regimes and growth temperatures (Tgrowth ). Two independent experiments were conducted under controlled conditions. In Experiment 1, two wheat genotypes were subjected to well-watered or drought-stressed treatments; in Experiment 2, the two water regimes combined with high, medium and low Tgrowth were imposed on one genotype. Parameters of a biochemical C3 -photosynthesis model were estimated at six leaf temperatures for each factor combination. Photosynthesis acclimated more to drought than to Tgrowth . Drought affected photosynthesis by lowering its optimum temperature (Topt ) and the values at Topt of light-saturated net photosynthesis, stomatal conductance, mesophyll conductance, the maximum rate of electron transport (Jmax ) and the maximum rate of carboxylation by Rubisco (Vcmax ). Topt for Vcmax was up to 40°C under well-watered conditions but 24-34°C under drought. The decrease in photosynthesis under drought varied among Tgrowth but was similar between genotypes. The temperature response of photosynthetic quantum yield under drought was partly attributed to photorespiration but more to alternative electron transport. All these changes in biochemical parameters could not be fully explained by the changed leaf nitrogen content. Further model analysis showed that both diffusional and biochemical parameters of photosynthesis and their thermal sensitivity acclimate little to Tgrowth , but acclimate considerably to drought and the combination of drought and Tgrowth . The commonly used modelling approaches, which typically consider the response of diffusional parameters, but ignore acclimation responses of biochemical parameters to drought and Tgrowth , strongly overestimate leaf photosynthesis under variable temperature and drought.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Fang
- Department of Plant Sciences, Centre for Crop Systems AnalysisWageningen University and ResearchWageningenThe Netherlands
| | - Pierre Martre
- LEPSEUniv Montpellier, INRAE, Institut Agro MontpellierMontpellierFrance
| | - Kaining Jin
- Department of Plant Sciences, Centre for Crop Systems AnalysisWageningen University and ResearchWageningenThe Netherlands
| | - Xinmiao Du
- Department of Plant Sciences, Centre for Crop Systems AnalysisWageningen University and ResearchWageningenThe Netherlands
| | - Peter E. L. van der Putten
- Department of Plant Sciences, Centre for Crop Systems AnalysisWageningen University and ResearchWageningenThe Netherlands
| | - Xinyou Yin
- Department of Plant Sciences, Centre for Crop Systems AnalysisWageningen University and ResearchWageningenThe Netherlands
| | - Paul C. Struik
- Department of Plant Sciences, Centre for Crop Systems AnalysisWageningen University and ResearchWageningenThe Netherlands
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Yudina L, Sukhova E, Popova A, Zolin Y, Abasheva K, Grebneva K, Sukhov V. Hyperpolarization electrical signals induced by local action of moderate heating influence photosynthetic light reactions in wheat plants. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1153731. [PMID: 37089652 PMCID: PMC10113467 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1153731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 03/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Local action of stressors induces fast changes in physiological processes in intact parts of plants including photosynthetic inactivation. This response is mediated by generation and propagation of depolarization electrical signals (action potentials and variation potentials) and participates in increasing plant tolerance to action of adverse factors. Earlier, we showed that a local action of physiological stimuli (moderate heating and blue light), which can be observed under environmental conditions, induces hyperpolarization electrical signals (system potentials) in wheat plants. It potentially means that these signals can play a key role in induction of fast physiological changes under the local action of environmental stressors. The current work was devoted to investigation of influence of hyperpolarization electrical signals induced by the local action of the moderate heating and blue light on parameters of photosynthetic light reactions. A quantum yield of photosystem II (ФPSII) and a non-photochemical quenching of chlorophyll fluorescence (NPQ) in wheat plants were investigated. It was shown that combination of the moderate heating (40°C) and blue light (540 µmol m-2s-1) decreased ФPSII and increased NPQ; these changes were observed in 3-5 cm from border of the irritated zone and dependent on intensity of actinic light. The moderate soil drought (7 days) increased magnitude of photosynthetic changes and shifted their localization which were observed on 5-7 cm from the irritated zone; in contrast, the strong soil drought (14 days) suppressed these changes. The local moderate heating decreased ФPSII and increased NPQ without action of the blue light; in contrast, the local blue light action without heating weakly influenced these parameters. It meant that just local heating was mechanism of induction of the photosynthetic changes. Finally, propagation of hyperpolarization electrical signals (system potentials) was necessary for decreasing ФPSII and increasing NPQ. Thus, our results show that hyperpolarization electrical signals induced by the local action of the moderate heating inactivates photosynthetic light reactions; this response is similar with photosynthetic changes induced by depolarization electrical signals. The soil drought and actinic light intensity can influence parameters of these photosynthetic changes.
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Sapeta H, Yokono M, Takabayashi A, Ueno Y, Cordeiro AM, Hara T, Tanaka A, Akimoto S, Oliveira MM, Tanaka R. Reversible down-regulation of photosystems I and II leads to fast photosynthesis recovery after long-term drought in Jatropha curcas. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2023; 74:336-351. [PMID: 36269314 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erac423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2022] [Accepted: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Jatropha curcas is a drought-tolerant plant that maintains its photosynthetic pigments under prolonged drought, and quickly regains its photosynthetic capacity when water is available. It has been reported that drought stress leads to increased thermal dissipation in PSII, but that of PSI has been barely investigated, perhaps due to technical limitations in measuring the PSI absolute quantum yield. In this study, we combined biochemical analysis and spectroscopic measurements using an integrating sphere, and verified that the quantum yields of both photosystems are temporarily down-regulated under drought. We found that the decrease in the quantum yield of PSII was accompanied by a decrease in the core complexes of PSII while light-harvesting complexes are maintained under drought. In addition, in drought-treated plants, we observed a decrease in the absolute quantum yield of PSI as compared with the well-watered control, while the amount of PSI did not change, indicating that non-photochemical quenching occurs in PSI. The down-regulation of both photosystems was quickly lifted in a few days upon re-watering. Our results indicate, that in J. curcas under drought, the down-regulation of both PSII and PSI quantum yield protects the photosynthetic machinery from uncontrolled photodamage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helena Sapeta
- Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Genomics of Plant Stress, Av. da República, 2780-157 Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Makio Yokono
- Division of Environmental Photobiology, National Institute for Basic Biology, Okazaki 444-8585, Japan
- Department of Basic Biology, School of Life Science, the Graduate University for Advanced Studies, Sokendai, Okazaki 444-8585, Japan
| | - Atsushi Takabayashi
- Institute of Low Temperature Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0819, Japan
| | - Yoshifumi Ueno
- Graduate School of Science, Kobe University, Kobe 657-8501, Japan
| | - André M Cordeiro
- Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Genomics of Plant Stress, Av. da República, 2780-157 Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Toshihiko Hara
- Institute of Low Temperature Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0819, Japan
| | - Ayumi Tanaka
- Institute of Low Temperature Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0819, Japan
| | - Seiji Akimoto
- Graduate School of Science, Kobe University, Kobe 657-8501, Japan
| | - M Margarida Oliveira
- Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Genomics of Plant Stress, Av. da República, 2780-157 Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Ryouichi Tanaka
- Institute of Low Temperature Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0819, Japan
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Filacek A, Zivcak M, Barboricova M, Misheva SP, Pereira EG, Yang X, Brestic M. Diversity of responses to nitrogen deficiency in distinct wheat genotypes reveals the role of alternative electron flows in photoprotection. PHOTOSYNTHESIS RESEARCH 2022; 154:259-276. [PMID: 36181569 DOI: 10.1007/s11120-022-00966-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2022] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Nitrogen (N) deficiency represents an important limiting factor affecting photosynthetic productivity and the yields of crop plants. Significant reported differences in N use efficiency between the crop species and genotypes provide a good background for the studies of diversity of photosynthetic and photoprotective responses associated with nitrogen deficiency. Using distinct wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) genotypes with previously observed contrasting responses to nitrogen nutrition (cv. Enola and cv. Slomer), we performed advanced analyses of CO2 assimilation, PSII, and PSI photochemistry, also focusing on the heterogeneity of the stress responses in the different leaf levels. Our results confirmed the loss of photosynthetic capacity and enhanced more in lower positions. Non-stomatal limitation of photosynthesis was well reflected by the changes in PSII and PSI photochemistry, including the parameters derived from the fast-fluorescence kinetics. Low photosynthesis in N-deprived leaves, especially in lower positions, was associated with a significant decrease in the activity of alternative electron flows. The exception was the cyclic electron flow around PSI that was enhanced in most of the samples with a low photosynthetic rate. We observed significant genotype-specific responses. An old genotype Slomer with a lower CO2 assimilation rate demonstrated enhanced alternative electron flow and photorespiration capacity. In contrast, a modern, highly productive genotype Enola responded to decreased photosynthesis by a significant increase in nonphotochemical dissipation and cyclic electron flow. Our results illustrate the importance of alternative electron flows for eliminating the excitation pressure at the PSII acceptor side. The decrease in capacity of electron acceptors was balanced by the structural and functional changes of the components of the electron transport chain, leading to a decline of linear electron transport to prevent the overreduction of the PSI acceptor side and related photooxidative damage of photosynthetic structures in leaves exposed to nitrogen deficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrej Filacek
- Institute of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Slovak University of Agriculture, Nitra, Slovak Republic
| | - Marek Zivcak
- Institute of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Slovak University of Agriculture, Nitra, Slovak Republic.
| | - Maria Barboricova
- Institute of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Slovak University of Agriculture, Nitra, Slovak Republic
| | - Svetlana P Misheva
- Institute of Plant Physiology and Genetics, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | | | - Xinghong Yang
- College of Life Science, State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, 271018, China
| | - Marian Brestic
- Institute of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Slovak University of Agriculture, Nitra, Slovak Republic
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23
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Sukhova E, Ratnitsyna D, Gromova E, Sukhov V. Development of Two-Dimensional Model of Photosynthesis in Plant Leaves and Analysis of Induction of Spatial Heterogeneity of CO 2 Assimilation Rate under Action of Excess Light and Drought. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 11:plants11233285. [PMID: 36501325 PMCID: PMC9739240 DOI: 10.3390/plants11233285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2022] [Revised: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Photosynthesis is a key process in plants that can be strongly affected by the actions of environmental stressors. The stressor-induced photosynthetic responses are based on numerous and interacted processes that can restrict their experimental investigation. The development of mathematical models of photosynthetic processes is an important way of investigating these responses. Our work was devoted to the development of a two-dimensional model of photosynthesis in plant leaves that was based on the Farquhar-von Caemmerer-Berry model of CO2 assimilation and descriptions of other processes including the stomatal and transmembrane CO2 fluxes, lateral CO2 and HCO3- fluxes, transmembrane and lateral transport of H+ and K+, interaction of these ions with buffers in the apoplast and cytoplasm, light-dependent regulation of H+-ATPase in the plasma membrane, etc. Verification of the model showed that the simulated light dependences of the CO2 assimilation rate were similar to the experimental ones and dependences of the CO2 assimilation rate of an average leaf CO2 conductance were also similar to the experimental dependences. An analysis of the model showed that a spatial heterogeneity of the CO2 assimilation rate on a leaf surface should be stimulated under an increase in light intensity and a decrease in the stomatal CO2 conductance or quantity of the open stomata; this prediction was supported by the experimental verification. Results of the work can be the basis of the development of new methods of the remote sensing of the influence of abiotic stressors (at least, excess light and drought) on plants.
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Wang L, Zhang X, She Y, Hu C, Wang Q, Wu L, You C, Ke J, He H. Physiological Adaptation Mechanisms to Drought and Rewatering in Water-Saving and Drought-Resistant Rice. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:14043. [PMID: 36430523 PMCID: PMC9699083 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232214043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Revised: 11/03/2022] [Accepted: 11/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Water-saving and drought-resistant rice (WDR) has high a yield potential in drought. However, the photosynthetic adaptation mechanisms of WDR to drought and rehydration have yet to be conclusively determined. Hanyou 73 (HY73, WDR) and Huanghuazhan (HHZ, drought-sensitive cultivar) rice cultivars were subjected to drought stress and rewatering when the soil water potential was −180 KPa in the booting stage. The leaf physiological characteristics were dynamically determined at 0 KPa, −30 KPa, −70 KPa, −180 KPa, the first, the fifth, and the tenth day after rewatering. It was found that the maximum net photosynthetic rate (Amax) and light saturation point were decreased under drought conditions in both cultivars. The change in dark respiration rate (Rd) in HY73 was not significant, but was markedly different in HHZ. After rewatering, the photosynthetic parameters of HY73 completely returned to the initial state, while the indices in HHZ did not recover. The antioxidant enzyme activities and osmoregulatory substance levels increased with worsening drought conditions and decreased with rewatering duration. HY73 had higher peroxidase (POD) activity as well as proline levels, and lower catalase (CAT) activity, ascorbate peroxidase (APX) activity, malondialdehyde (MDA) level, and soluble protein (SP) content during all of the assessment periods compared with HHZ. In addition, Amax was markedly negatively correlated with superoxide dismutase (SOD), POD, CAT, and SP in HY73 (p < 0.001), while in HHZ, it was negatively correlated with SOD, CAT, APX, MDA, Pro, and SP, and positively correlated with Rd (p < 0.001). These results suggest that WDR has a more simplified adaptation mechanism to protect photosynthetic apparatus from damage in drought and rehydration compared with drought-sensitive cultivars. The high POD activity and great SP content would be considered as important physiological bases to maintain high photosynthetic production potential in WDR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lele Wang
- Agricultural College, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Xuenan Zhang
- Agricultural College, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Yehong She
- Agricultural College, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Chao Hu
- Agricultural College, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Quan Wang
- Agricultural College, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Liquan Wu
- Agricultural College, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Cuicui You
- Agricultural College, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Jian Ke
- Agricultural College, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Haibing He
- Agricultural College, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
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25
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Ji T, Guo X, Wu F, Wei M, Li J, Ji P, Wang N, Yang F. Proper irrigation amount for eggplant cultivation in a solar greenhouse improved plant growth, fruit quality and yield by influencing the soil microbial community and rhizosphere environment. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:981288. [PMID: 36212834 PMCID: PMC9537383 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.981288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Accepted: 09/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Water scarcity is a worldwide problem, and in order to obtain plenty of production, agricultural irrigation water accounts for a large portion. Many studies have shown that the interaction of root microorganisms and soil can promote crop growth. Developing ways to reduce irrigation to maintain soil fertility and ensure crop yield by regulating the root microenvironment is an important research goal. Here, we developed a reasonable irrigation plan for eggplant cultivation in a solar greenhouse. The maximum theoretical amount of water demand during eggplant planting obtained from a previous study was used as the control (CK), and the irrigation in the treatments was reduced by 10, 20 and 30% relative to this amount. The 10% irrigation reduction treatment (T1) significantly improved soil nutrients and increased soil catalase, urease and alkaline phosphatase activities (p < 0.05). Further analysis of rhizosphere microorganisms revealed the highest richness and diversity of the microbial community under the T1 treatment, with Bacilli as the most abundant bacteria and Aspergillaceae as the most abundant fungi and lower relative abundances of Chloroflexi and Acidobacteria (p < 0.05). Changes in microbial community structure under the influence of different irrigation treatments resulted in improvements in rhizosphere N cycling and nutrient catabolism. The plant–microbe interactions led to significant increases in eggplant plant height, root vigour, root surface area, leaf chlorophyll a, leaf net photosynthetic rate, water use efficiency, transpiration rate, and stomatal conductance under the T1 treatment compared to the CK treatment; soluble sugar, soluble protein and free amino acid contents in eggplant fruit increased by 10.8, 12.3 and 6.7%, respectively; and yield increased by 3.9%. Our research proved that the 10% irrigation reduction treatment (T1) could improve microbial community richness and fruit yield, which would improve irrigation efficiency and cost reduction in agriculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tuo Ji
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, Shandong, China
| | - Xinyong Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, Shandong, China
| | - Fengling Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, Shandong, China
| | - Min Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, Shandong, China
- Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Facility Agricultural Engineering (Huang-Huai-Hai Region), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Tai’an, Shandong, China
- Shandong Collaborative Innovation Center for Fruit and Vegetable Production with High Quality and Efficiency, Tai’an, Shandong, China
| | - Jing Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, Shandong, China
- Shandong Collaborative Innovation Center for Fruit and Vegetable Production with High Quality and Efficiency, Tai’an, Shandong, China
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crop (Huang-Huai Region), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Tai’an, Shandong, China
| | - Ping Ji
- School of Economics, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Ningxin Wang
- College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, Shandong, China
- *Correspondence: Ningxin Wang, ; Fengjuan Yang,
| | - Fengjuan Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, Shandong, China
- Shandong Collaborative Innovation Center for Fruit and Vegetable Production with High Quality and Efficiency, Tai’an, Shandong, China
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crop (Huang-Huai Region), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Tai’an, Shandong, China
- *Correspondence: Ningxin Wang, ; Fengjuan Yang,
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Hannachi S, Signore A, Adnan M, Mechi L. Single and Associated Effects of Drought and Heat Stresses on Physiological, Biochemical and Antioxidant Machinery of Four Eggplant Cultivars. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 11:2404. [PMID: 36145805 PMCID: PMC9502621 DOI: 10.3390/plants11182404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2022] [Revised: 08/25/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The impact of heat and drought stresses, either individually or combined, on physiological and biochemical parameters of four eggplant varieties (Solanum melongena L.) was investigated. The results showed that associated stress generated the highest increment in proline content, MDA concentration, and H2O2 accumulation and generated the lowest increment in RWC. In addition, ‘Bonica’ and ‘Galine’ exhibited higher starch accumulation and lower electrolyte leakage (EL) under combined stress. Moreover, drought and heat stresses applied individually contributed to a substantial decline in Chla, Chlb, total Chl, Chla/b, and carotenoids (p > 0.05) in ‘Adriatica’ and ‘Black Beauty’. The decreasing level of pigments was more substantial under associated drought and heat stresses. The simultaneous application of drought and heat stresses reduced PSII efficiency (Fv/Fm), quantum yield (ΦPSII), and photochemical efficiency (qp) and boosted non-photochemical quenching (NPQ) levels. However, the change recorded in the chlorophyll fluorescence parameters was less pronounced in ‘Bonica’ and ‘Galine’. In addition, the gas exchange parameters, transpiration rate (E), CO2 assimilation rate (A), and net photosynthesis (Pn) were decreased in all varieties under all stress conditions. However, the reduction was more pronounced in ‘Adriatica’ and ‘Black Beauty’. Under associated stress, antioxidant enzymes, SOD, APX, CAT, and GR exhibited a significant increment in all eggplant cultivars. However, the rising was more elevated in ‘Bonica’ and ‘Galine’ (higher than threefold increase) than in ‘Adriatica’ and ‘Black Beauty’ (less than twofold increase). Furthermore, ‘Bonica’ and ‘Galine’ displayed higher non-enzyme scavenging activity (AsA and GSH) compared to ‘Adriatica’ and ‘Black Beauty’ under associated stress. Under stressful conditions, nutrient uptake was affected in all eggplant cultivars; however, the root, stem, and leaf N, P, and K contents, in ‘Adriatica’ and ‘Black Beauty’ were lower than in ‘Bonica’ and ‘Galine’, thereby showing less capacity in accumulating nutrients. The coexistence of drought and heat stresses caused more damage on eggplant varieties than the single appearance of drought or heat stress separately. ‘Bonica’ and ‘Galine’ showed better distinguished performance compared to ‘Adriatica’ and ‘Black Beauty’. The superiority of ‘Bonica’ and ‘Galine’ in terms of tolerance to heat and drought stresses was induced by more effective antioxidant scavenging potential, enhanced osmolyte piling-up, and prominent ability in keeping higher photosynthetic efficiency and nutrient equilibrium compared with ‘Adriatica’ and ‘Black Beauty’.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sami Hannachi
- Department of Biology, College of Science, University of Hail, P.O. Box 2440, Ha’il 81451, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Plants and Crops, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure Links, 653, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Angelo Signore
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Science, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Via Amendola 165/A, 70126 Bari, Italy
| | - Mohd Adnan
- Department of Biology, College of Science, University of Hail, P.O. Box 2440, Ha’il 81451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Lassaad Mechi
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, University of Hail, P.O. Box 2440, Ha’il 81451, Saudi Arabia
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Sun H, Wang XQ, Zeng ZL, Yang YJ, Huang W. Exogenous melatonin strongly affects dynamic photosynthesis and enhances water-water cycle in tobacco. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:917784. [PMID: 35991431 PMCID: PMC9381976 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.917784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Melatonin (MT), an important phytohormone synthesized naturally, was recently used to improve plant resistance against abiotic and biotic stresses. However, the effects of exogenous melatonin on photosynthetic performances have not yet been well clarified. We found that spraying of exogenous melatonin (100 μM) to leaves slightly affected the steady state values of CO2 assimilation rate (A N ), stomatal conductance (g s ) and mesophyll conductance (g m ) under high light in tobacco leaves. However, this exogenous melatonin strongly delayed the induction kinetics of g s and g m , leading to the slower induction speed of A N . During photosynthetic induction, A N is mainly limited by biochemistry in the absence of exogenous melatonin, but by CO2 diffusion conductance in the presence of exogenous melatonin. Therefore, exogenous melatonin can aggravate photosynthetic carbon loss during photosynthetic induction and should be used with care for crop plants grown under natural fluctuating light. Within the first 10 min after transition from low to high light, photosynthetic electron transport rates (ETR) for A N and photorespiration were suppressed in the presence of exogenous melatonin. Meanwhile, an important alternative electron sink, namely water-water cycle, was enhanced to dissipate excess light energy. These results indicate that exogenous melatonin upregulates water-water cycle to facilitate photoprotection. Taking together, this study is the first to demonstrate that exogenous melatonin inhibits dynamic photosynthesis and improves photoprotection in higher plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hu Sun
- Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiao-Qian Wang
- Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
- School of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi’an, China
| | - Zhi-Lan Zeng
- Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ying-Jie Yang
- Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
| | - Wei Huang
- Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
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28
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Furutani R, Ohnishi M, Mori Y, Wada S, Miyake C. The difficulty of estimating the electron transport rate at photosystem I. JOURNAL OF PLANT RESEARCH 2022; 135:565-577. [PMID: 34778922 DOI: 10.1007/s10265-021-01357-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Accepted: 11/01/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
It is still a controversial issue how the electron transport reaction is carried out around photosystem I (PSI) in the photosynthetic electron transport chain. The measurable component in PSI is the oxidized P700, the reaction center chlorophyll in PSI, as the absorbance changes at 820-830 nm. Previously, the quantum yield at PSI [Y(I)] has been estimated as the existence probability of the photo-oxidizable P700 by applying the saturated-pulse illumination (SP; 10,000-20,000 µmol photons m-2 s-1). The electron transport rate (ETR) at PSI has been estimated from the Y(I) value, which was larger than the reaction rate at PSII, evaluated as the quantum yield of PSII, especially under stress-conditions such as CO2-limited and high light intensity conditions. Therefore, it has been considered that the extra electron flow at PSI was enhanced at the stress condition and played an important role in dealing with the excessive light energy. However, some pieces of evidence were reported that the excessive electron flow at PSI would be ignorable from other aspects. In the present research, we confirmed that the Y(I) value estimated by the SP method could be easily misestimated by the limitation of the electron donation to PSI. Moreover, we estimated the quantitative turnover rate of P700+ by the light-to-dark transition. However, the turnover rate of P700 was much slower than the ETR at PSII. It is still hard to quantitatively estimate the ETR at PSI by the current techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riu Furutani
- Department of Applied Biological Science, Graduate School for Agricultural Science, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodai, Nada, Kobe, 657-8501, Japan
- Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology (CREST), Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), 7 Gobancho, Tokyo, 102-0076, Japan
| | - Miho Ohnishi
- Department of Applied Biological Science, Graduate School for Agricultural Science, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodai, Nada, Kobe, 657-8501, Japan
- Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology (CREST), Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), 7 Gobancho, Tokyo, 102-0076, Japan
| | - Yuki Mori
- Department of Applied Biological Science, Graduate School for Agricultural Science, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodai, Nada, Kobe, 657-8501, Japan
| | - Shinya Wada
- Department of Applied Biological Science, Graduate School for Agricultural Science, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodai, Nada, Kobe, 657-8501, Japan
- Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology (CREST), Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), 7 Gobancho, Tokyo, 102-0076, Japan
| | - Chikahiro Miyake
- Department of Applied Biological Science, Graduate School for Agricultural Science, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodai, Nada, Kobe, 657-8501, Japan.
- Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology (CREST), Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), 7 Gobancho, Tokyo, 102-0076, Japan.
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29
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Mandizvo T, Odindo AO, Mashilo J, Magwaza LS. Drought tolerance assessment of citron watermelon (Citrullus lanatus var. citroides (L.H. Bailey) Mansf. ex Greb.) accessions based on morphological and physiological traits. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2022; 180:106-123. [PMID: 35405428 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2022.03.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2022] [Revised: 03/19/2022] [Accepted: 03/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Long-term cultivation of citron watermelon under water-constrained environments in sub-Saharan Africa resulted in the selection and domestication of highly tolerant genotypes. However, information on the magnitude of variation for drought tolerance in citron watermelon is limited for the effective selection of suitable genotypes for breeding. The objective of this study was to determine variation for drought tolerance among South African citron watermelon landrace accessions for selection and use as genetic stock for drought-tolerance breeding in this crop and closely-related cucurbit crops. Forty genetically differentiated citron watermelon accessions were grown under non-stress (NS) and drought-stress (DS) conditions under glasshouse environment. Data of physiological (i.e., leaf gas exchange and chlorophyll fluorescence parameters) and morphological traits (i.e., shoot and root system architecture traits, and fruit yield) were collected and subjected to various parametric statistical analyses. The accessions varied significantly for assessed traits under both NS and DS conditions which aided classification into five groups, namely; A (highly drought-tolerant), B (drought-tolerant), C (moderate drought-tolerant), D (drought-sensitive) and E (highly drought-sensitive). Drought-tolerant genotypes produced more fruit yield with less water compared with drought-sensitive genotypes. Several physiological and morphological parameters correlated with fruit yield under DS condition namely: instantaneous water-use efficiency (r = 0.97), leaf dry weight (r = 0.77), total root length (r = 0.46) and root dry weight (r = 0.48). The following accessions, namely: WWM-46, WWM-68, WWM-41(A), WWM-15, WWM-64, WWM-57, WWM-47, WWM-37(2), WWM-79, WWM-05 and WWM-50) were identified as highly drought-tolerant and recommended for drought-tolerance breeding in this crop or related cucurbit crops such as sweet dessert watermelon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takudzwa Mandizvo
- Crop Science, School of Agricultural Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa.
| | - Alfred Oduor Odindo
- Crop Science, School of Agricultural Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa
| | - Jacob Mashilo
- Limpopo Department of Agriculture and Rural Development, Agriculture Regulatory and Technology Development, Directorate, Towoomba Research Centre, Private Bag X1615, Bela-Bela, 0480, South Africa
| | - Lembe Samukelo Magwaza
- Crop Science, School of Agricultural Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa; Department of Horticultural Sciences, School of Agricultural, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg, South Africa
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Regulation of Chloroplast ATP Synthase Modulates Photoprotection in the CAM Plant Vanilla planifolia. Cells 2022; 11:cells11101647. [PMID: 35626684 PMCID: PMC9139848 DOI: 10.3390/cells11101647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2022] [Revised: 05/09/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Generally, regulation of cyclic electron flow (CEF) and chloroplast ATP synthase play key roles in photoprotection for photosystems I and II (PSI and PSII) in C3 and C4 plants, especially when CO2 assimilation is restricted. However, how CAM plants protect PSI and PSII when CO2 assimilation is restricted is largely known. In the present study, we measured PSI, PSII, and electrochromic shift signals in the CAM plant Vanilla planifolia. The quantum yields of PSI and PSII photochemistry largely decreased in the afternoon compared to in the morning, indicating that CO2 assimilation was strongly restricted in the afternoon. Meanwhile, non-photochemical quenching (NPQ) in PSII and the donor side limitation of PSI (Y(ND)) significantly increased to protect PSI and PSII. Under such conditions, proton gradient (∆pH) across the thylakoid membranes largely increased and CEF was slightly stimulated, indicating that the increased ∆pH was not caused by the regulation of CEF. In contrast, the activity of chloroplast ATP synthase (gH+) largely decreased in the afternoon. At a given proton flux, the decreasing gH+ increased ∆pH and thus contributed to the enhancement of NPQ and Y(ND). Therefore, in the CAM plant V. planifolia, the ∆pH-dependent photoprotective mechanism is mainly regulated by the regulation of gH+ rather than CEF when CO2 assimilation is restricted.
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Sukhova E, Yudina L, Kior A, Kior D, Popova A, Zolin Y, Gromova E, Sukhov V. Modified Photochemical Reflectance Indices as New Tool for Revealing Influence of Drought and Heat on Pea and Wheat Plants. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 11:1308. [PMID: 35631733 PMCID: PMC9147454 DOI: 10.3390/plants11101308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2022] [Revised: 05/11/2022] [Accepted: 05/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
In environmental conditions, plants can be affected by the action of numerous abiotic stressors. These stressors can induce both damage of physiological processes and adaptive changes including signaling-based changes. Development of optical methods of revealing influence of stressors on plants is an important task for plant investigations. The photochemical reflectance index (PRI) based on plant reflectance at 531 nm (measuring wavelength) and 570 nm (reference wavelength) can be effective tool of revealing plant stress changes (mainly, photosynthetic changes); however, its efficiency is strongly varied at different conditions. Earlier, we proposed series of modified PRIs with moderate shifts of the measuring wavelength and showed that these indices can be effective for revealing photosynthetic changes under fluctuations in light intensity. The current work was devoted to the analysis of sensitivity of these modified PRIs to action of drought and short-term heat stress. Investigation of spatially-fixed leaves of pea plants showed that the modified PRI with the shorter measuring wavelength (515 nm) was increased under response of drought and heat; by contrast, the modified PRI with the longer wavelength (555 nm) was decreased under response to these stressors. Changes of investigated indices could be related to parameters of photosynthetic light reactions; however, these relations were stronger for the modified PRI with the 555 nm measuring wavelength. Investigation of canopy of pea (vegetation room) and wheat (vegetation room and open-ground) supported these results. Thus, moderate changes in the measuring wavelengths of PRI can strongly modify the efficiency of their use for the estimation of plant physiological changes (mainly photosynthetic changes) under action of stressors. It is probable that the modified PRI with the 555 nm measuring wavelength (or similar indices) can be an effective tool for revealing photosynthetic changes induced by stressors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ekaterina Sukhova
- Department of Biophysics, N.I. Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod, 603950 Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
| | - Lyubov Yudina
- Department of Biophysics, N.I. Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod, 603950 Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
| | - Anastasiia Kior
- Department of Biophysics, N.I. Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod, 603950 Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
| | - Dmitry Kior
- Department of Biophysics, N.I. Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod, 603950 Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
| | - Alyona Popova
- Department of Biophysics, N.I. Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod, 603950 Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
| | - Yuriy Zolin
- Department of Biophysics, N.I. Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod, 603950 Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
| | - Ekaterina Gromova
- Department of Biophysics, N.I. Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod, 603950 Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
| | - Vladimir Sukhov
- Department of Biophysics, N.I. Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod, 603950 Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
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Shuang SP, Zhang JY, Cun Z, Wu HM, Hong J, Chen JW. A Comparison of Photoprotective Mechanism in Different Light-Demanding Plants Under Dynamic Light Conditions. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:819843. [PMID: 35463455 PMCID: PMC9019478 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.819843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2021] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Light intensity is highly heterogeneous in nature, and plants have evolved a series of strategies to acclimate to dynamic light due to their immobile lifestyles. However, it is still unknown whether there are differences in photoprotective mechanisms among different light-demanding plants in response to dynamic light, and thus the role of non-photochemical quenching (NPQ), electron transport, and light energy allocation of photosystems in photoprotection needs to be further understood in different light-demanding plants. The activities of photosystem II (PSII) and photosystem I (PSI) in shade-tolerant species Panax notoginseng, intermediate species Polygonatum kingianum, and sun-demanding species Erigeron breviscapus were comparatively measured to elucidate photoprotection mechanisms in different light-demanding plants under dynamic light. The results showed that the NPQ and PSII maximum efficiency (F v'/F m') of E. breviscapus were higher than the other two species under dynamic high light. Meanwhile, cyclic electron flow (CEF) of sun plants is larger under transient high light conditions since the slope of post-illumination, P700 dark reduction rate, and plastoquinone (PQ) pool were greater. NPQ was more active and CEF was initiated more readily in shade plants than the two other species under transient light. Moreover, sun plants processed higher quantum yield of PSII photochemistry (ΦPSII), quantum yield of photochemical energy conversion [Y(I)], and quantum yield of non-photochemical energy dissipation due to acceptor side limitation (Y(NA), while the constitutive thermal dissipation and fluorescence (Φf,d) and quantum yield of non-photochemical energy dissipation due to donor side limitation [Y(ND)] of PSI were higher in shade plants. These results suggest that sun plants had higher NPQ and CEF for photoprotection under transient high light and mainly allocated light energy through ΦPSII and ΦNPQ, while shade plants had a higher Φf,d and a larger heat dissipation efficiency of PSI donor. Overall, it has been demonstrated that the photochemical efficiency and photoprotective capacity are greater in sun plants under transient dynamic light, while shade plants are more sensitive to transient dynamic light.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng-Pu Shuang
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Plant Biology of Yunnan Province, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
- National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center on Germplasm Innovation and Utilization of Chinese Medicinal Materials in Southwestern China, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
| | - Jin-Yan Zhang
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Plant Biology of Yunnan Province, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
- National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center on Germplasm Innovation and Utilization of Chinese Medicinal Materials in Southwestern China, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
| | - Zhu Cun
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Plant Biology of Yunnan Province, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
- National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center on Germplasm Innovation and Utilization of Chinese Medicinal Materials in Southwestern China, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
| | - Hong-Min Wu
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Plant Biology of Yunnan Province, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
- National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center on Germplasm Innovation and Utilization of Chinese Medicinal Materials in Southwestern China, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
| | - Jie Hong
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Plant Biology of Yunnan Province, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
- National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center on Germplasm Innovation and Utilization of Chinese Medicinal Materials in Southwestern China, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
| | - Jun-Wen Chen
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Plant Biology of Yunnan Province, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
- National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center on Germplasm Innovation and Utilization of Chinese Medicinal Materials in Southwestern China, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
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Filaček A, Živčák M, Ferroni L, Barboričová M, Gašparovič K, Yang X, Landi M, Brestič M. Pre-Acclimation to Elevated Temperature Stabilizes the Activity of Photosystem I in Wheat Plants Exposed to an Episode of Severe Heat Stress. PLANTS 2022; 11:plants11050616. [PMID: 35270085 PMCID: PMC8912596 DOI: 10.3390/plants11050616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2022] [Revised: 02/14/2022] [Accepted: 02/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
The importance of high temperature as an environmental factor is growing in proportion to deepening global climate change. The study aims to evaluate the effects of long-term acclimation of plants to elevated temperature on the tolerance of their photosynthetic apparatus to heat stress. Three wheat (Triticum sp. L.) genotypes differing in leaf and photosynthetic traits were analyzed: Thesee, Roter Samtiger Kolbenweizen, and ANK 32A. The pot experiment was established in natural conditions outdoors (non-acclimated variant), from which a part of the plants was placed in foil tunnel with elevated temperature for 14 days (high temperature-acclimated variant). A severe heat stress screening experiment was induced by an exposition of the plans in a growth chamber with artificial light and air temperature up to 45 °C for ~12 h before the measurements. The measurements of leaf photosynthetic CO2 assimilation, stomatal conductance, and rapid kinetics of chlorophyll a fluorescence was performed. The results confirmed that a high temperature drastically reduced the photosynthetic assimilation rate caused by the non-stomatal (biochemical) limitation of photosynthetic processes. On the other hand, the chlorophyll fluorescence indicated only a moderate level of decrease of quantum efficiency of photosystem (PS) II (Fv/Fm parameter), indicating mostly reversible heat stress effects. The heat stress led to a decrease in the number of active PS II reaction centers (RC/ABS) and overall activity o PSII (PIabs) in all genotypes, whereas the PS I (parameter ψREo) was negatively influenced by heat stress in the non-acclimated variant only. Our results showed that the genotypes differ in acclimation capacity to heat stress, and rapid noninvasive techniques may help screen the stress effects and identify more tolerant crop genotypes. The acclimation was demonstrated more at the PS I level, which may be associated with the upregulation of alternative photosynthetic electron transport pathways with clearly protective functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrej Filaček
- Department of Plant Physiology, Faculty of Agrobiology and Food Resources, Slovak University of Agriculture, Trieda A. Hlinku 2, 949 76 Nitra, Slovakia; (A.F.); (M.B.); (K.G.); (M.B.)
| | - Marek Živčák
- Department of Plant Physiology, Faculty of Agrobiology and Food Resources, Slovak University of Agriculture, Trieda A. Hlinku 2, 949 76 Nitra, Slovakia; (A.F.); (M.B.); (K.G.); (M.B.)
- Correspondence: (M.Ž.); (L.F.); Tel.: +421-37-6414-821 (M.Ž.); +39-0532-293785 (L.F.)
| | - Lorenzo Ferroni
- Laboratory of Plant Cytophysiology, Department of Environmental and Prevention Sciences, University of Ferrara, Corso Ercole I d’Este 32, 44100 Ferrara, Italy
- Correspondence: (M.Ž.); (L.F.); Tel.: +421-37-6414-821 (M.Ž.); +39-0532-293785 (L.F.)
| | - Mária Barboričová
- Department of Plant Physiology, Faculty of Agrobiology and Food Resources, Slovak University of Agriculture, Trieda A. Hlinku 2, 949 76 Nitra, Slovakia; (A.F.); (M.B.); (K.G.); (M.B.)
| | - Kristína Gašparovič
- Department of Plant Physiology, Faculty of Agrobiology and Food Resources, Slovak University of Agriculture, Trieda A. Hlinku 2, 949 76 Nitra, Slovakia; (A.F.); (M.B.); (K.G.); (M.B.)
| | - Xinghong Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Science, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 271018, China;
| | - Marco Landi
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Pisa, 56124 Pisa, Italy;
| | - Marián Brestič
- Department of Plant Physiology, Faculty of Agrobiology and Food Resources, Slovak University of Agriculture, Trieda A. Hlinku 2, 949 76 Nitra, Slovakia; (A.F.); (M.B.); (K.G.); (M.B.)
- Department of Botany and Plant Physiology, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Kamycka 129, 165 00 Prague, Czech Republic
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Hu Y, Yang L, Gao C, Liao D, Long L, Qiu J, Wei H, Deng Q, Zhou Y. A comparative study on the leaf anatomical structure of Camellia oleifera in a low-hot valley area in Guizhou Province, China. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0262509. [PMID: 35051236 PMCID: PMC8775352 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0262509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2021] [Accepted: 12/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The leaf serves as an important assimilation organ of plants, and the anatomical structure of leaves can reflect the adaptability of the plant to the environment to a certain extent. The current study aimed to cultivate superior local cultivars, and 35 healthy individual plants were selected from the Camellia oleifera germplasm resource nursery for a comparative study of the leaf structure. In July 2019, the leaves were collected from 35 selected healthy C. oleifera plants, and the leaf structure was observed by using the paraffin section method. Healthy individual plants were screened using variance analysis, correlation analysis and cluster analysis. The representative indices were selected according to the cluster membership, correlation indices and coefficient of variation (C/V) for a comprehensive evaluation of drought resistance via the membership function. There were extremely significant differences in 11 indices of leaf structure for these 35 healthy plants. C18 had the greatest leaf thickness, C7 the largest spongy tissue, and C38 the largest ratio of palisade tissue thickness to spongy tissue thickness (P/S). The clustering results of the healthy individual plants differed significantly. The membership function showed that the drought resistance of 35 C. oleifera plants was divided into five categories. C18 had very strong drought resistance, and C3, C7 and C40 had strong drought resistance. There were significant differences in terms of the upper epidermis, P/S ratio and spongy tissue among the C. oleifera plants. C18, C3, C7 and C40 exhibited satisfactory drought resistance. Although C39 and C26 had moderate drought resistance, their P/S ratios were high, which might be used to cultivate high-yield and drought-resistant C. oleifera varieties. The leaf P/S ratio of C. oleifera from low-hot valley areas was high. Among various leaf structures, spongy tissue, upper epidermis, P/S ratio and cuticle constitute the drought resistance evaluation indices for C. oleifera grown in low-hot valley areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Hu
- Institute for Forest Resources and Environment of Guizhou, Key laboratory of forest cultivation in plateau mountain of Guizhou province, College of Forestry, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
| | - Lu Yang
- Institute for Forest Resources and Environment of Guizhou, Key laboratory of forest cultivation in plateau mountain of Guizhou province, College of Forestry, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
| | - Chao Gao
- Institute for Forest Resources and Environment of Guizhou, Key laboratory of forest cultivation in plateau mountain of Guizhou province, College of Forestry, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
- * E-mail:
| | - Desheng Liao
- Guizhou Southwest Karst Regional Development Institute, Xingyi, China
| | - Li Long
- Institute for Forest Resources and Environment of Guizhou, Key laboratory of forest cultivation in plateau mountain of Guizhou province, College of Forestry, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
| | - Jie Qiu
- Institute for Forest Resources and Environment of Guizhou, Key laboratory of forest cultivation in plateau mountain of Guizhou province, College of Forestry, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
| | - Hongli Wei
- Institute for Forest Resources and Environment of Guizhou, Key laboratory of forest cultivation in plateau mountain of Guizhou province, College of Forestry, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
| | - Quanen Deng
- Institute for Forest Resources and Environment of Guizhou, Key laboratory of forest cultivation in plateau mountain of Guizhou province, College of Forestry, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
| | - Yunchao Zhou
- Institute for Forest Resources and Environment of Guizhou, Key laboratory of forest cultivation in plateau mountain of Guizhou province, College of Forestry, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
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Influence of Burning-Induced Electrical Signals on Photosynthesis in Pea Can Be Modified by Soil Water Shortage. PLANTS 2022; 11:plants11040534. [PMID: 35214867 PMCID: PMC8878130 DOI: 10.3390/plants11040534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2022] [Revised: 02/13/2022] [Accepted: 02/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Local damage to plants can induce fast systemic physiological changes through generation and propagation of electrical signals. It is known that electrical signals influence numerous physiological processes including photosynthesis; an increased plant tolerance to actions of stressors is a result of these changes. It is probable that parameters of electrical signals and fast physiological changes induced by these signals can be modified by the long-term actions of stressors; however, this question has been little investigated. Our work was devoted to the investigation of the parameters of burning-induced electrical signals and their influence on photosynthesis under soil water shortage in pea seedlings. We showed that soil water shortage decreased the amplitudes of the burning-induced depolarization signals (variation potential) and the magnitudes of photosynthetic inactivation (decreasing photosynthetic CO2 assimilation and linear electron flow and increasing non-photochemical quenching of the chlorophyll fluorescence and cyclic electron flow around photosystem I) caused by these signals. Moreover, burning-induced hyperpolarization signals (maybe, system potentials) and increased photosynthetic CO2 assimilation could be observed under strong water shortage. It was shown that the electrical signal-induced increase of the leaf stomatal conductance was a potential mechanism for the burning-induced activation of photosynthetic CO2 assimilation under strong water shortage; this mechanism was not crucial for photosynthetic response under control conditions or weak water shortage. Thus, our results show that soil water shortage can strongly modify damage-induced electrical signals and fast physiological responses induced by these signals.
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Sun H, Zhang YQ, Zhang SB, Huang W. Photosynthetic Induction Under Fluctuating Light Is Affected by Leaf Nitrogen Content in Tomato. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:835571. [PMID: 35251106 PMCID: PMC8891375 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.835571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The response of photosynthetic CO2 assimilation to changes of illumination affects plant growth and crop productivity under natural fluctuating light conditions. However, the effects of nitrogen (N) supply on photosynthetic physiology after transition from low to high light are seldom studied. To elucidate this, we measured gas exchange and chlorophyll fluorescence under fluctuating light in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) seedlings grown with different N conditions. After transition from low to high light, the induction speeds of net CO2 assimilation (A N ), stomatal conductance (g s ), and mesophyll conductance (g m ) delayed with the decline in leaf N content. The time to reach 90% of maximum A N , g s and g m was negatively correlated with leaf N content. This delayed photosynthetic induction in plants grown under low N concentration was mainly caused by the slow induction response of g m rather than that of g s . Furthermore, the photosynthetic induction upon transfer from low to high light was hardly limited by photosynthetic electron flow. These results indicate that decreased leaf N content declines carbon gain under fluctuating light in tomato. Increasing the induction kinetics of g m has the potential to enhance the carbon gain of field crops grown in infertile soil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hu Sun
- Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yu-Qi Zhang
- Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agriculture Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Shi-Bao Zhang
- Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
| | - Wei Huang
- Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
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Yang YJ, Shi Q, Sun H, Mei RQ, Huang W. Differential Response of the Photosynthetic Machinery to Fluctuating Light in Mature and Young Leaves of Dendrobium officinale. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 12:829783. [PMID: 35185969 PMCID: PMC8850366 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.829783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2021] [Accepted: 12/27/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
A key component of photosynthetic electron transport chain, photosystem I (PSI), is susceptible to the fluctuating light (FL) in angiosperms. Cyclic electron flow (CEF) around PSI and water-water cycle (WWC) are both used by the epiphytic orchid Dendrobium officinale to protect PSI under FL. This study examined whether the ontogenetic stage of leaf has an impact on the photoprotective mechanisms dealing with FL. Thus, chlorophyll fluorescence and P700 signals under FL were measured in D. officinale young and mature leaves. Upon transition from dark to actinic light, a rapid re-oxidation of P700 was observed in mature leaves but disappeared in young leaves, indicating that WWC existed in mature leaves but was lacking in young leaves. After shifting from low to high light, PSI over-reduction was clearly missing in mature leaves. By comparison, young leaves showed a transient PSI over-reduction within the first 30 s, which was accompanied with highly activation of CEF. Therefore, the effect of FL on PSI redox state depends on the leaf ontogenetic stage. In mature leaves, WWC is employed to avoid PSI over-reduction. In young leaves, CEF around PSI is enhanced to compensate for the lack of WWC and thus to prevent an uncontrolled PSI over-reduction induced by FL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying-Jie Yang
- Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
| | - Qi Shi
- Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Hu Sun
- Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ren-Qiang Mei
- Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
| | - Wei Huang
- Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
- Bio-Innovation Center of DR PLANT, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
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Physiological and Transcriptomic Analysis Reveals the Responses and Difference to High Temperature and Humidity Stress in Two Melon Genotypes. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23020734. [PMID: 35054918 PMCID: PMC8776189 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23020734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Revised: 01/05/2022] [Accepted: 01/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Due to the frequent occurrence of continuous high temperatures and heavy rain in summer, extremely high-temperature and high-humidity environments occur, which seriously harms crop growth. High temperature and humidity (HTH) stress have become the main environmental factors of combined stress in summer. The responses of morphological indexes, physiological and biochemical indexes, gas exchange parameters, and chlorophyll fluorescence parameters were measured and combined with chloroplast ultrastructure and transcriptome sequencing to analyze the reasons for the difference in tolerance to HTH stress in HTH-sensitive 'JIN TAI LANG' and HTH-tolerant 'JIN DI' varieties. The results showed that with the extension of stress time, the superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD), and ascorbate peroxidase (APX) activities of the two melon varieties increased rapidly, the leaf water content increased, and the tolerant varieties showed stronger antioxidant capacity. Among the sensitive cultivars, Pn, Fv/Fm, photosystem II, and photosystem I chlorophyll fluorescence parameters were severely inhibited and decreased rapidly with the extension of stress time, while the HTH-tolerant cultivars slightly decreased. The cell membrane and chloroplast damage in sensitive cultivars were more severe, and Lhca1, Lhca3, and Lhca4 proteins in photosystem II and Lhcb1-Lhcb6 proteins in photosystem I were inhibited compared with those in the tolerant cultivar. These conclusions may be the main reason for the different tolerances of the two cultivars. These findings will provide new insights into the response of other crops to HTH stress and also provide a basis for future research on the mechanism of HTH resistance in melon.
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Ansari HH, Siddiqui A, Wajid D, Tabassum S, Umar M, Siddiqui ZS. Profiling of energy compartmentalization in photosystem II (PSII), light harvesting complexes and specific energy fluxes of primed maize cultivar (P1429) under salt stress environment. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2022; 170:296-306. [PMID: 34952249 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2021.12.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Revised: 11/25/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Photosystem II efficiency is the most important aspect of stress physiology to keep photosynthetic momentum operative under stress conditions. In the last few decades effect of priming on the germination growth and physiology of plants were highlighted. Profiling energy compartmentalization in PSII using chlorophyll fluorescence kinetics and specific energy fluxes of primed seeds and plants has not been documented. It is crucial to discover the changes associated with the light-harvesting complexes, PSII functionality, and photochemical modulations occurring in the biochemical thylakoid membrane in response to priming and salt stress. The present study mainly focuses on photosystem II efficiency leading to physiological tolerance by seed priming. We grow the plants after seed priming with the solution of sodium chloride (75 and 150 mM), salicylic acid (1 and 2 mM), and calcium chloride (34 mM) and nitrate (20 mM). All the primed plants were subjected to salt stress 10 days after germination @ 0, 75, and 150 mM NaCl. Later germination, growth, morphology, physiology, PS II functionality and photochemical yield were evaluated. NaCl priming did more promising effects on energy compartmentalization, light-harvesting ability, and specific energy fluxes of photosystem II compared to salicylic acid and calcium salts under a stress environment. Maximum quantum yield (FV/FM), active reaction centers with higher efficiency of water splitting complex (FV/FO), restored electron flow, higher photochemical quenching (qP), oxygen evolution (SMT-phase), and almost negligible heat dissipation are associated with better osmotic adjustment and higher water uptake (RWC) under stress condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hafiza Hamna Ansari
- Stress Physiology and Phenomic Center, Department of Botany, University of Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Aeman Siddiqui
- Stress Physiology and Phenomic Center, Department of Botany, University of Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Danish Wajid
- Stress Physiology and Phenomic Center, Department of Botany, University of Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Shehla Tabassum
- Stress Physiology and Phenomic Center, Department of Botany, University of Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Umar
- Stress Physiology and Phenomic Center, Department of Botany, University of Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Zamin Shaheed Siddiqui
- Stress Physiology and Phenomic Center, Department of Botany, University of Karachi, Pakistan.
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Javed M, Iqbal M, Bano H, Hussain N, Ghaffar A, Zafar ZU, Hussain A, Abdullah M, Ayyaz A, Farooq MA, Ashraf M, Athar HR. Photosynthetic acclamatory response of Panicum antidotale Retz. populations to root zone desiccation stress. BRAZ J BIOL 2021; 84:e252735. [PMID: 34932636 DOI: 10.1590/1519-6984.252735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2021] [Accepted: 09/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Growth of plants is severely reduced due to water stress by affecting photosynthesis including photosystem II (PSII) activity and electron transport. This study emphasised on comparative and priority targeted changes in PSII activity due to progressive drought in seven populations of Panicum antidotale (P. antidotale) collected from Cholistan Desert and non-Cholistan regions. Tillers of equal growth of seven populations of P. antidotale grown in plastic pots filled with soil were subjected progressive drought by withholding water irrigation for three weeks. Progressive drought reduced the soil moisture content, leaf relative water content, photosynthetic pigments and fresh and dry biomass of shoots in all seven populations. Populations from Dingarh Fort, Dingarh Grassland and Haiderwali had higher growth than those of other populations. Cholistani populations especially in Dingarh Grassland and Haiderwali had greater ability of osmotic adjustment as reflected by osmotic potential and greater accumulation of total soluble proteins. Maximum H2O2 under water stress was observed in populations from Muzaffargarh and Khanewal but these were intermediate in MDA content. Under water stress, populations from Muzaffargarh and Dingarh Fort had greater K+ accumulation in their leaves. During progressive drought, non-Cholistani populations showed complete leaf rolling after 23 days of drought, and these populations could not withstand with more water stress condition while Cholistani populations tolerated more water stress condition for 31 days. Moreover, progressive drought caused PSII damages after 19 days and it became severe after 23 days in non-Cholistani populations of P. antidotale than in Cholistani populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Javed
- Bahauddin Zakariya University, Institute of Pure and Applied Biology, Multan, Pakistan.,University of Education, Department of Botany, Division of Science and Technology, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - M Iqbal
- Bahauddin Zakariya University, Institute of Pure and Applied Biology, Multan, Pakistan.,University of Okara, Department of Botany, Okara, Pakistan
| | - H Bano
- Bahauddin Zakariya University, Institute of Pure and Applied Biology, Multan, Pakistan.,The Women University Multan, Department of Botany, Multan, Pakistan
| | - N Hussain
- Bahauddin Zakariya University, Institute of Pure and Applied Biology, Multan, Pakistan
| | - A Ghaffar
- Bahauddin Zakariya University, Institute of Pure and Applied Biology, Multan, Pakistan
| | - Z U Zafar
- Bahauddin Zakariya University, Institute of Pure and Applied Biology, Multan, Pakistan
| | - A Hussain
- Cotton Research Institute, Multan, Pakistan
| | - M Abdullah
- The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Cholistan Institute of Desert Studies, Bahawalpur, Pakistan
| | - A Ayyaz
- Bahauddin Zakariya University, Institute of Pure and Applied Biology, Multan, Pakistan.,Zhejiang University, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zijingang Campus, Hanzhou, China
| | - M A Farooq
- Zhejiang University, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zijingang Campus, Hanzhou, China
| | - M Ashraf
- University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - H R Athar
- Bahauddin Zakariya University, Institute of Pure and Applied Biology, Multan, Pakistan
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Travassos-Lins J, de Oliveira Rocha CC, de Souza Rodrigues T, Alves-Ferreira M. Evaluation of the molecular and physiological response to dehydration of two accessions of the model plant Setaria viridis. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2021; 169:211-223. [PMID: 34808464 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2021.11.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2021] [Accepted: 11/11/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Water deficits are responsible for countless agricultural losses. Among the affected crops, C4 plants are of special interest due to their high water and nitrogen use efficiency. Two accessions of Setaria viridis (Ast-1 and A10.1) with contrasting responses to water deficit were used in the current work to better understand the mechanisms behind drought tolerance in C4 species. Our results showed that although the A10.1 accession exhibited a reduced size and lower Rfd values in comparison to Ast-1, it had overall higher Fv/Fm and lower NPQ values in well-watered conditions. The water deficit induction was performed with PEG-8000 at the grain-filling stage using dehydration cycles. Analysis of physiological measurements showed the A10.1 accession as being more tolerant to multiple water deficit exposures. In addition, PCA identified a clear difference in the pattern of drought response of the accessions. Four drought marker genes previously described in the literature were chosen to evaluate the response at the molecular level: SvP5CS2, SvDHN1, SvNAC6, and SvWRKY1. Besides confirming that Ast-1 is a more sensitive accession, the expression analysis revealed that SvNAC1 might better monitor drought stress, while SvWRKY1 was able to differentiate the two accessions. Distinct evolutionary histories of each accession may be behind their differences in response to water deficits.
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Affiliation(s)
- João Travassos-Lins
- Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics and Biotechnology, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Biology Institute, Dept. of Genetics, Av. Carlos Chagas Filho, 373 - Ilha do Fundão, 21941-902, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Caio César de Oliveira Rocha
- Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics and Biotechnology, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Biology Institute, Dept. of Genetics, Av. Carlos Chagas Filho, 373 - Ilha do Fundão, 21941-902, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Tamires de Souza Rodrigues
- Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics and Biotechnology, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Biology Institute, Dept. of Genetics, Av. Carlos Chagas Filho, 373 - Ilha do Fundão, 21941-902, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Marcio Alves-Ferreira
- Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics and Biotechnology, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Biology Institute, Dept. of Genetics, Av. Carlos Chagas Filho, 373 - Ilha do Fundão, 21941-902, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
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Ibrahimova U, Zivcak M, Gasparovic K, Rastogi A, Allakhverdiev SI, Yang X, Brestic M. Electron and proton transport in wheat exposed to salt stress: is the increase of the thylakoid membrane proton conductivity responsible for decreasing the photosynthetic activity in sensitive genotypes? PHOTOSYNTHESIS RESEARCH 2021; 150:195-211. [PMID: 34125427 PMCID: PMC8556197 DOI: 10.1007/s11120-021-00853-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2021] [Accepted: 05/28/2021] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Effects of salinity caused by 150 mM NaCl on primary photochemical reactions and some physiological and biochemical parameters (K+/Na+ ratio, soluble sugars, proline, MDA) have been studied in five Triticum aestivum L. genotypes with contrasting salt tolerance. It was found that 150 mM NaCl significantly decreased the photosynthetic efficiency of two sensitive genotypes. The K+/Na+ ratio decreased in all genotypes exposed to salinity stress when compared with the control. Salinity stress also caused lipid peroxidation and accumulation of soluble sugars and proline. The amounts of soluble sugars and proline were higher in tolerant genotypes than sensitive ones, and lipid peroxidation was higher in sensitive genotypes. The noninvasive measurements of photosynthesis-related parameters indicated the genotype-dependent effects of salinity stress on the photosynthetic apparatus. The significant decrease of chlorophyll content (SPAD values) or adverse effects on photosynthetic functions at the PSII level (measured by the chlorophyll fluorescence parameters) were observed in the two sensitive genotypes only. Although the information obtained by different fast noninvasive techniques were consistent, the correlation analyses identified the highest correlation of the noninvasive records with MDA, K+/Na+ ratio, and free proline content. The lower correlation levels were found for chlorophyll content (SPAD) and Fv/Fm values derived from chlorophyll fluorescence. Performance index (PIabs) derived from fast fluorescence kinetics, and F735/F685 ratio correlated well with MDA and Na+ content. The most promising were the results of linear electron flow measured by MultispeQ sensor, in which we found a highly significant correlation with all parameters assessed. Moreover, the noninvasive simultaneous measurements of chlorophyll fluorescence and electrochromic band shift using this sensor indicated the apparent proton leakage at the thylakoid membranes resulting in a high proton conductivity (gH+), present in sensitive genotypes only. The possible consequences for the photosynthetic functions and the photoprotection are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ulkar Ibrahimova
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnologies, Azerbaijan National Academy of Sciences, 11 Izzat Nabiyev, Baku, AZ, 1073, Azerbaijan
- Research Institute of Crop Husbandry, Ministry of Agriculture of the Azerbaijan Republic, Baku, Azerbaijan
| | - Marek Zivcak
- Department of Plant Physiology, Slovak University of Agriculture, Nitra, Slovakia
| | - Kristina Gasparovic
- Department of Plant Physiology, Slovak University of Agriculture, Nitra, Slovakia
| | - Anshu Rastogi
- Laboratory of Bioclimatology, Department of Ecology and Environmental Protection, Poznan University of Life Sciences, Piątkowska 94, 60-649, Poznan, Poland.
- Faculty of Geo-Information Science and Earth Observation (ITC), University of Twente, 7500 AE, Enschede, The Netherlands.
| | - Suleyman I Allakhverdiev
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnologies, Azerbaijan National Academy of Sciences, 11 Izzat Nabiyev, Baku, AZ, 1073, Azerbaijan
- K.A. Timiryazev Institute of Plant Physiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Botanicheskaya Street 35, Moscow, 127276, Russia
- Institute of Basic Biological Problems, Russian Academy of Sciences, Pushchino, Moscow, 142290, Russia
| | - Xinghong Yang
- College of Life Science, State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, People's Republic of China
| | - Marian Brestic
- Department of Plant Physiology, Slovak University of Agriculture, Nitra, Slovakia.
- Department of Botany and Plant Physiology, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic.
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Diurnal Response of Photosystem I to Fluctuating Light Is Affected by Stomatal Conductance. Cells 2021; 10:cells10113128. [PMID: 34831351 PMCID: PMC8621556 DOI: 10.3390/cells10113128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2021] [Revised: 10/26/2021] [Accepted: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Upon a sudden transition from low to high light, electrons transported from photosystem II (PSII) to PSI should be rapidly consumed by downstream sinks to avoid the over-reduction of PSI. However, the over-reduction of PSI under fluctuating light might be accelerated if primary metabolism is restricted by low stomatal conductance. To test this hypothesis, we measured the effect of diurnal changes in stomatal conductance on photosynthetic regulation under fluctuating light in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) and common mulberry (Morus alba). Under conditions of high stomatal conductance, we observed PSI over-reduction within the first 10 s after transition from low to high light. Lower stomatal conductance limited the activity of the Calvin–Benson–Bassham cycle and aggravated PSI over-reduction within 10 s after the light transition. We also observed PSI over-reduction after transition from low to high light for 30 s at the low stomatal conductance typical of the late afternoon, indicating that low stomatal conductance extends the period of PSI over-reduction under fluctuating light. Therefore, diurnal changes in stomatal conductance significantly affect the PSI redox state under fluctuating light. Moreover, our analysis revealed an unexpected inhibition of cyclic electron flow by the severe over-reduction of PSI seen at low stomatal conductance. In conclusion, stomatal conductance can have a large effect on thylakoid reactions under fluctuating light.
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Takahashi Y, Wada S, Noguchi K, Miyake C, Makino A, Suzuki Y. Photochemistry of Photosystems II and I in Rice Plants Grown under Different N Levels at Normal and High Temperature. PLANT & CELL PHYSIOLOGY 2021; 62:1121-1130. [PMID: 33576433 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcab020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2020] [Accepted: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Although N levels affect leaf photosynthetic capacity, the effects of N levels on the photochemistry of photosystems II and I (PSII and PSI, respectively) are not well-understood. In the present study, we examined this aspect in rice (Oryza sativa L. 'Hitomebore') plants grown under three different N levels at normal or high temperatures that can occur during rice culture and do not severely suppress photosynthesis. At both growth temperatures, the quantum efficiency of PSII [Y(II)] and the fraction of the primary quinone electron acceptor in its oxidized state were positively correlated with the amount of total leaf-N, whereas the quantum yields of non-photochemical quenching and donor-side limitation of PSI [Y(ND)] were negatively correlated with the amount of total leaf-N. These changes in PSII and PSI parameters were strongly correlated with each other. Growth temperatures scarcely affected these relationships. These results suggest that the photochemistry of PSII and PSI is coordinately regulated primarily depending on the amount of total leaf-N. When excess light energy occurs in low N-acclimated plants, oxidation of the reaction center chlorophyll of PSI is thought to be stimulated to protect PSI from excess light energy. It is also suggested that PSII and PSI normally operate at high temperature used in the present study. In addition, as the relationships between Y(II) and Y(ND) were found to be almost identical to those observed in osmotically stressed rice plants, common regulation is thought to be operative when excess light energy occurs due to different causes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Takahashi
- Faculty of Agriculture, Iwate University, 3-18-8 Ueda, Morioka, 020-8550 Japan
| | - Shinya Wada
- Faculty of Agriculture, Iwate University, 3-18-8 Ueda, Morioka, 020-8550 Japan
- Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodai, Nada-ku, Kobe, 657-8501 Japan
| | - Ko Noguchi
- School of Life Sciences, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, 1432-1 Horinouchi, Hachioji, 192-0392 Japan
| | - Chikahiro Miyake
- Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodai, Nada-ku, Kobe, 657-8501 Japan
| | - Amane Makino
- Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Aramaki-Aoba 468-1, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-8572 Japan
| | - Yuji Suzuki
- Faculty of Agriculture, Iwate University, 3-18-8 Ueda, Morioka, 020-8550 Japan
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Galicia-Juárez M, Zavala-García F, Sinagawa-García SR, Gutiérrez-Diez A, Williams-Alanís H, Cisneros-López ME, Valle-Gough RE, Flores-Garivay R, Santillano-Cázares J. Identification of Sorghum ( Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench) Genotypes with Potential for Hydric and Heat Stress Tolerance in Northeastern Mexico. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 10:plants10112265. [PMID: 34834628 PMCID: PMC8623876 DOI: 10.3390/plants10112265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2021] [Revised: 10/04/2021] [Accepted: 10/06/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench) is cultivated in regions with frequent drought periods and high temperatures, conditions that have intensified in the last decades. One of the most important photosynthetic components, sensible to hydric stress, is maximum quantum yield for photosystem II (PSII, or Fv/Fm). The objective of the present study was to identify sorghum genotypes with tolerance to hydric and heat stress. The treatments were hydric status (hydric stress or non-hydric stress (irrigation)), the plant's developmental stages (pre or post-anthesis), and six genotypes. The response variables were Fv/Fm; photosynthetic rate (PN); stomatal conductance (gs); transpiration rate (E); relative water content (RWC); damage to cell membrane (DCM) at temperatures of 40 and 45 °C; and agronomic variables. The experiment was conducted in pots in open sky in Marín, N.L., in the dry and hot northeast Mexico. The treatment design was a split-split plot design, with three factors. Hydric stress diminished the functioning of the photosynthetic apparatus by 63%, due to damage caused to PSII. Pre-anthesis was the most vulnerable stage to hydric stress as it decreased the weight of grains per panicle (85%), number of grains per panicle (69%), and weight of 100 grains (46%). Genotypes LER 1 and LER 2 were identified as tolerant to hydric stress, as they had lower damage to PSII; LER 1 and LEB 2 for their superior RWC; and LER 1 as a thermo tolerant genotype, due to its lower DCM at 45 °C. It was concluded that LER 1 could have the potential for both hydric and heat stress tolerance in the arid northeast Mexico.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marisol Galicia-Juárez
- Instituto de Ciencias Agrícolas, Universidad Autónoma de Baja California, Mexicali 21705, Baja California, Mexico; (M.G.-J.); (R.E.V.-G.); (R.F.-G.)
| | - Francisco Zavala-García
- Facultad de Agronomía, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, General Escobedo 66050, Nuevo León, Mexico; (F.Z.-G.); (S.R.S.-G.); (A.G.-D.)
| | - Sugey Ramona Sinagawa-García
- Facultad de Agronomía, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, General Escobedo 66050, Nuevo León, Mexico; (F.Z.-G.); (S.R.S.-G.); (A.G.-D.)
| | - Adriana Gutiérrez-Diez
- Facultad de Agronomía, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, General Escobedo 66050, Nuevo León, Mexico; (F.Z.-G.); (S.R.S.-G.); (A.G.-D.)
| | - Héctor Williams-Alanís
- Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Forestales, Agrícolas y Pecuarias, (INIFAP), Río Bravo 88900, Tamaulipas, Mexico; (H.W.-A.); (M.E.C.-L.)
| | - María Eugenia Cisneros-López
- Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Forestales, Agrícolas y Pecuarias, (INIFAP), Río Bravo 88900, Tamaulipas, Mexico; (H.W.-A.); (M.E.C.-L.)
| | - Raúl Enrique Valle-Gough
- Instituto de Ciencias Agrícolas, Universidad Autónoma de Baja California, Mexicali 21705, Baja California, Mexico; (M.G.-J.); (R.E.V.-G.); (R.F.-G.)
| | - Rodrigo Flores-Garivay
- Instituto de Ciencias Agrícolas, Universidad Autónoma de Baja California, Mexicali 21705, Baja California, Mexico; (M.G.-J.); (R.E.V.-G.); (R.F.-G.)
| | - Jesús Santillano-Cázares
- Instituto de Ciencias Agrícolas, Universidad Autónoma de Baja California, Mexicali 21705, Baja California, Mexico; (M.G.-J.); (R.E.V.-G.); (R.F.-G.)
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Takagi D, Ishiyama K, Suganami M, Ushijima T, Fujii T, Tazoe Y, Kawasaki M, Noguchi K, Makino A. Manganese toxicity disrupts indole acetic acid homeostasis and suppresses the CO 2 assimilation reaction in rice leaves. Sci Rep 2021; 11:20922. [PMID: 34686733 PMCID: PMC8536708 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-00370-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite the essentiality of Mn in terrestrial plants, its excessive accumulation in plant tissues can cause growth defects, known as Mn toxicity. Mn toxicity can be classified into apoplastic and symplastic types depending on its onset. Symplastic Mn toxicity is hypothesised to be more critical for growth defects. However, details of the relationship between growth defects and symplastic Mn toxicity remain elusive. In this study, we aimed to elucidate the molecular mechanisms underlying symplastic Mn toxicity in rice plants. We found that under excess Mn conditions, CO2 assimilation was inhibited by stomatal closure, and both carbon anabolic and catabolic activities were decreased. In addition to stomatal dysfunction, stomatal and leaf anatomical development were also altered by excess Mn accumulation. Furthermore, indole acetic acid (IAA) concentration was decreased, and auxin-responsive gene expression analyses showed IAA-deficient symptoms in leaves due to excess Mn accumulation. These results suggest that excessive Mn accumulation causes IAA deficiency, and low IAA concentrations suppress plant growth by suppressing stomatal opening and leaf anatomical development for efficient CO2 assimilation in leaves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daisuke Takagi
- grid.412493.90000 0001 0454 7765Faculty of Agriculture, Setsunan University, Hirakata, Osaka 573-0101 Japan ,grid.69566.3a0000 0001 2248 6943Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8572 Japan
| | - Keiki Ishiyama
- grid.69566.3a0000 0001 2248 6943Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8572 Japan
| | - Mao Suganami
- grid.69566.3a0000 0001 2248 6943Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8572 Japan ,grid.443549.b0000 0001 0603 1148Present Address: Faculty of Food and Agricultural Sciences, Fukushima University, Kanayagawa, Fukushima 960-1296 Japan
| | - Tomokazu Ushijima
- grid.412493.90000 0001 0454 7765Faculty of Agriculture, Setsunan University, Hirakata, Osaka 573-0101 Japan
| | - Takeshi Fujii
- grid.412493.90000 0001 0454 7765Faculty of Agriculture, Setsunan University, Hirakata, Osaka 573-0101 Japan
| | - Youshi Tazoe
- grid.69566.3a0000 0001 2248 6943Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8572 Japan ,grid.505732.60000 0004 6417 4827Present Address: Faculty of Agro-Food Science, Niigata Agro-Food University, Tainai, Niigata 959-2702 Japan
| | - Michio Kawasaki
- grid.412493.90000 0001 0454 7765Faculty of Agriculture, Setsunan University, Hirakata, Osaka 573-0101 Japan
| | - Ko Noguchi
- grid.410785.f0000 0001 0659 6325Department of Applied Life Science, School of Life Sciences, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0392 Japan
| | - Amane Makino
- grid.69566.3a0000 0001 2248 6943Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8572 Japan
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Sukhova E, Gromova E, Yudina L, Kior A, Vetrova Y, Ilin N, Mareev E, Vodeneev V, Sukhov V. Change in H + Transport across Thylakoid Membrane as Potential Mechanism of 14.3 Hz Magnetic Field Impact on Photosynthetic Light Reactions in Seedlings of Wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.). PLANTS 2021; 10:plants10102207. [PMID: 34686016 PMCID: PMC8537839 DOI: 10.3390/plants10102207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Natural and artificial extremely low-frequency magnetic fields (ELFMFs) are important factors influencing physiological processes in living organisms including terrestrial plants. Earlier, it was experimentally shown that short-term and long-term treatments by ELFMFs with Schumann resonance frequencies (7.8, 14.3, and 20.8 Hz) influenced parameters of photosynthetic light reactions in wheat leaves. The current work is devoted to an analysis of potential ways of this ELFMF influence on the light reactions. Only a short-term wheat treatment by 14.3 Hz ELFMF was used in the analysis. First, it was experimentally shown that ELFMF-induced changes (an increase in the effective quantum yield of photosystem II, a decrease in the non-photochemical quenching of chlorophyll fluorescence, a decrease in time of changes in these parameters, etc.) were observed under the action of ELFMF with widely ranging magnitudes (from 3 to 180 µT). In contrast, the potential quantum yield of photosystem II and time of relaxation of the energy-dependent component of the non-photochemical quenching were not significantly influenced by ELFMF. Second, it was shown that the ELFMF treatment decreased the proton gradient across the thylakoid membrane. In contrast, the H+ conductivity increased under this treatment. Third, an analysis of the simplest mathematical model of an H+ transport across the thylakoid membrane, which was developed in this work, showed that changes in H+ fluxes related to activities of the photosynthetic electron transport chain and the H+-ATP synthase were not likely a mechanism of the ELFMF influence. In contrast, changes induced by an increase in an additional H+ flux (probably, through the proton leakage and/or through the H+/Ca2+ antiporter activity in the thylakoid membrane) were in good accordance with experimental results. Thus, we hypothesized that this increase is the mechanism of the 14.3 Hz ELFMF influence (and, maybe, influences of other low frequencies) on photosynthetic light reactions in wheat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ekaterina Sukhova
- Department of Biophysics, N.I. Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod, 603950 Nizhny Novgorod, Russia; (E.S.); (E.G.); (L.Y.); (A.K.); (Y.V.); (V.V.)
- Earth’s Electromagnetic Environment Laboratory, Institute of Applied Physics of Russian Academy of Sciences, 603600 Nizhny Novgorod, Russia; (N.I.); (E.M.)
| | - Ekaterina Gromova
- Department of Biophysics, N.I. Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod, 603950 Nizhny Novgorod, Russia; (E.S.); (E.G.); (L.Y.); (A.K.); (Y.V.); (V.V.)
| | - Lyubov Yudina
- Department of Biophysics, N.I. Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod, 603950 Nizhny Novgorod, Russia; (E.S.); (E.G.); (L.Y.); (A.K.); (Y.V.); (V.V.)
| | - Anastasiia Kior
- Department of Biophysics, N.I. Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod, 603950 Nizhny Novgorod, Russia; (E.S.); (E.G.); (L.Y.); (A.K.); (Y.V.); (V.V.)
- Earth’s Electromagnetic Environment Laboratory, Institute of Applied Physics of Russian Academy of Sciences, 603600 Nizhny Novgorod, Russia; (N.I.); (E.M.)
| | - Yana Vetrova
- Department of Biophysics, N.I. Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod, 603950 Nizhny Novgorod, Russia; (E.S.); (E.G.); (L.Y.); (A.K.); (Y.V.); (V.V.)
| | - Nikolay Ilin
- Earth’s Electromagnetic Environment Laboratory, Institute of Applied Physics of Russian Academy of Sciences, 603600 Nizhny Novgorod, Russia; (N.I.); (E.M.)
| | - Evgeny Mareev
- Earth’s Electromagnetic Environment Laboratory, Institute of Applied Physics of Russian Academy of Sciences, 603600 Nizhny Novgorod, Russia; (N.I.); (E.M.)
| | - Vladimir Vodeneev
- Department of Biophysics, N.I. Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod, 603950 Nizhny Novgorod, Russia; (E.S.); (E.G.); (L.Y.); (A.K.); (Y.V.); (V.V.)
- Earth’s Electromagnetic Environment Laboratory, Institute of Applied Physics of Russian Academy of Sciences, 603600 Nizhny Novgorod, Russia; (N.I.); (E.M.)
| | - Vladimir Sukhov
- Department of Biophysics, N.I. Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod, 603950 Nizhny Novgorod, Russia; (E.S.); (E.G.); (L.Y.); (A.K.); (Y.V.); (V.V.)
- Earth’s Electromagnetic Environment Laboratory, Institute of Applied Physics of Russian Academy of Sciences, 603600 Nizhny Novgorod, Russia; (N.I.); (E.M.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +7-909-292-8653
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Chadee A, Alber NA, Dahal K, Vanlerberghe GC. The Complementary Roles of Chloroplast Cyclic Electron Transport and Mitochondrial Alternative Oxidase to Ensure Photosynthetic Performance. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:748204. [PMID: 34650584 PMCID: PMC8505746 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.748204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Chloroplasts use light energy and a linear electron transport (LET) pathway for the coupled generation of NADPH and ATP. It is widely accepted that the production ratio of ATP to NADPH is usually less than required to fulfill the energetic needs of the chloroplast. Left uncorrected, this would quickly result in an over-reduction of the stromal pyridine nucleotide pool (i.e., high NADPH/NADP+ ratio) and under-energization of the stromal adenine nucleotide pool (i.e., low ATP/ADP ratio). These imbalances could cause metabolic bottlenecks, as well as increased generation of damaging reactive oxygen species. Chloroplast cyclic electron transport (CET) and the chloroplast malate valve could each act to prevent stromal over-reduction, albeit in distinct ways. CET avoids the NADPH production associated with LET, while the malate valve consumes the NADPH associated with LET. CET could operate by one of two different pathways, depending upon the chloroplast ATP demand. The NADH dehydrogenase-like pathway yields a higher ATP return per electron flux than the pathway involving PROTON GRADIENT REGULATION5 (PGR5) and PGR5-LIKE PHOTOSYNTHETIC PHENOTYPE1 (PGRL1). Similarly, the malate valve could couple with one of two different mitochondrial electron transport pathways, depending upon the cytosolic ATP demand. The cytochrome pathway yields a higher ATP return per electron flux than the alternative oxidase (AOX) pathway. In both Arabidopsis thaliana and Chlamydomonas reinhardtii, PGR5/PGRL1 pathway mutants have increased amounts of AOX, suggesting complementary roles for these two lesser-ATP yielding mechanisms of preventing stromal over-reduction. These two pathways may become most relevant under environmental stress conditions that lower the ATP demands for carbon fixation and carbohydrate export.
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Affiliation(s)
- Avesh Chadee
- Department of Biological Sciences, and Department of Cell and Systems Biology, University of Toronto Scarborough, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Nicole A. Alber
- Department of Biological Sciences, and Department of Cell and Systems Biology, University of Toronto Scarborough, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Keshav Dahal
- Fredericton Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Fredericton, NB, Canada
| | - Greg C. Vanlerberghe
- Department of Biological Sciences, and Department of Cell and Systems Biology, University of Toronto Scarborough, Toronto, ON, Canada
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Sarraf M, Deamici KM, Taimourya H, Islam M, Kataria S, Raipuria RK, Abdi G, Brestic M. Effect of Magnetopriming on Photosynthetic Performance of Plants. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22179353. [PMID: 34502258 PMCID: PMC8431099 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22179353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2021] [Revised: 08/24/2021] [Accepted: 08/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Magnetopriming has emerged as a promising seed-priming method, improving seed vigor, plant performance and productivity under both normal and stressed conditions. Various recent reports have demonstrated that improved photosynthesis can lead to higher biomass accumulation and overall crop yield. The major focus of the present review is magnetopriming-based, improved growth parameters, which ultimately favor increased photosynthetic performance. The plants originating from magnetoprimed seeds showed increased plant height, leaf area, fresh weight, thick midrib and minor veins. Similarly, chlorophyll and carotenoid contents, efficiency of PSII, quantum yield of electron transport, stomatal conductance, and activities of carbonic anhydrase (CA), Rubisco and PEP-carboxylase enzymes are enhanced with magnetopriming of the seeds. In addition, a higher fluorescence yield at the J-I-P phase in polyphasic chlorophyll a fluorescence (OJIP) transient curves was observed in plants originating from magnetoprimed seeds. Here, we have presented an overview of available studies supporting the magnetopriming-based improvement of various parameters determining the photosynthetic performance of crop plants, which consequently increases crop yield. Additionally, we suggest the need for more in-depth molecular analysis in the future to shed light upon hidden regulatory mechanisms involved in magnetopriming-based, improved photosynthetic performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Sarraf
- Department of Horticulture Science, Shiraz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shiraz 71987-74731, Iran;
| | | | - Houda Taimourya
- Department of Horticulture, Horticol Complex of Agadir (CHA), Agronomy and Veterinary Institute Hassan II, Agadir 80000, Morocco;
| | - Monirul Islam
- Department of Sustainable Crop Production, Università Cattolica Del Sacro Cuore, Via Emilia Parmense 84, 29122 Piacenza, Italy;
| | - Sunita Kataria
- School of Biochemistry, Devi Ahilya Vishwavidyalaya, Khandwa Road, Indore 452001, India
- Correspondence: (S.K.); (M.B.)
| | | | - Gholamreza Abdi
- Department of Biotechnology, Persian Gulf Research Institute, Persian Gulf University, Bushehr 7516913817, Iran;
| | - Marian Brestic
- Department of Plant Physiology, Slovak University of Agriculture, Nitra, Tr. A. Hlinku 2, 949 01 Nitra, Slovakia
- Department of Botany and Plant Physiology, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food, and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Kamycka 129, 165 00 Prague, Czech Republic
- Correspondence: (S.K.); (M.B.)
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Electrical Signals, Plant Tolerance to Actions of Stressors, and Programmed Cell Death: Is Interaction Possible? PLANTS 2021; 10:plants10081704. [PMID: 34451749 PMCID: PMC8401951 DOI: 10.3390/plants10081704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2021] [Revised: 08/16/2021] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
In environmental conditions, plants are affected by abiotic and biotic stressors which can be heterogenous. This means that the systemic plant adaptive responses on their actions require long-distance stress signals including electrical signals (ESs). ESs are based on transient changes in the activities of ion channels and H+-ATP-ase in the plasma membrane. They influence numerous physiological processes, including gene expression, phytohormone synthesis, photosynthesis, respiration, phloem mass flow, ATP content, and many others. It is considered that these changes increase plant tolerance to the action of stressors; the effect can be related to stimulation of damages of specific molecular structures. In this review, we hypothesize that programmed cell death (PCD) in plant cells can be interconnected with ESs. There are the following points supporting this hypothesis. (i) Propagation of ESs can be related to ROS waves; these waves are a probable mechanism of PCD initiation. (ii) ESs induce the inactivation of photosynthetic dark reactions and activation of respiration. Both responses can also produce ROS and, probably, induce PCD. (iii) ESs stimulate the synthesis of stress phytohormones (e.g., jasmonic acid, salicylic acid, and ethylene) which are known to contribute to the induction of PCD. (iv) Generation of ESs accompanies K+ efflux from the cytoplasm that is also a mechanism of induction of PCD. Our review argues for the possibility of PCD induction by electrical signals and shows some directions of future investigations in the field.
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