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Rafiyan M, Tootoonchi E, Golpour M, Davoodvandi A, Reiter RJ, Asemi R, Sharifi M, Rasooli Manesh SM, Asemi Z. Melatonin for gastric cancer treatment: where do we stand? NAUNYN-SCHMIEDEBERG'S ARCHIVES OF PHARMACOLOGY 2024:10.1007/s00210-024-03451-7. [PMID: 39287677 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-024-03451-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2024] [Accepted: 09/10/2024] [Indexed: 09/19/2024]
Abstract
Gastric cancer (GC) is the third leading reason of death in men and the fourth in women. Studies have documented an inhibitory function of melatonin on the proliferation, progression and invasion of GC cells. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small, non-coding RNAs that play an important function in regulation of biological processes and gene expression of the cells. Some studies reported that melatonin can suppress the progression of GC by regulating the exosomal miRNAs. Thus, melatonin represents a promising potential therapeutic agent for subjects with GC. Herein, we evaluate the existing data of both in vivo and in vitro studies to clarify the molecular processes involved in the therapeutic effects of melatonin in GC. The data emphasize the critical function of melatonin in several signaling ways by which it may inhibit cancer cell proliferation, decrease chemo-resistance, induce apoptosis as well as limit invasion, angiogenesis, and metastasis. This review provides a resource that identifies some of the mechanisms by which melatonin controls GC enlargement. In light of the findings, melatonin should be considered a novel and testable therapeutic mediator for GC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahdi Rafiyan
- Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases, Institute for Basic Sciences, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
- Student Research Committee, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Elham Tootoonchi
- Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases, Institute for Basic Sciences, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
- Student Research Committee, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Mahdieh Golpour
- Student Research Committee, Mazandarn University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Mazandaran, Iran
| | - Amirhossein Davoodvandi
- School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Students' Scientific Research Center (SSRC), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Cancer Immunology Project (CIP), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran
| | - Russel J Reiter
- Department of Cell Systems and Anatomy, UT Health. Long School of Medicine, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Reza Asemi
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Cancer Prevention Research Center, Seyyed Al-Shohada Hospital, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Mehran Sharifi
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Cancer Prevention Research Center, Seyyed Al-Shohada Hospital, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | | | - Zatollah Asemi
- Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases, Institute for Basic Sciences, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran.
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Ungur AP, Bârsan M, Socaciu AI, Râjnoveanu AG, Ionuț R, Goia L, Procopciuc LM. A Narrative Review of Burnout Syndrome in Medical Personnel. Diagnostics (Basel) 2024; 14:1971. [PMID: 39272755 PMCID: PMC11393962 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics14171971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2024] [Revised: 08/19/2024] [Accepted: 09/04/2024] [Indexed: 09/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Burnout among healthcare workers has been extensively studied since its initial recognition in 1960, with its defining characteristics established by Maslach in 1982. The syndrome, characterized by emotional exhaustion, depersonalization, and low personal accomplishment, is exacerbated by work-related stress and has profound implications for individual and societal well-being. METHODS A review of the literature, including PubMed searches and analyses of risk factors and protective measures, was conducted to assess the prevalence, impacts, and biomarkers associated with burnout among healthcare workers. Various instruments for evaluating burnout were examined, including the widely used Maslach Burnout Inventory, alongside specific tools tailored to different occupational populations. RESULTS Healthcare workers, particularly physicians, exhibit significantly higher rates of burnout compared to the general population. Factors such as night shifts, workload, and exposure to biohazards contribute to elevated burnout risk. Biomarkers like cortisol, melatonin, and thyroid hormones have been linked to burnout, highlighting physiological implications. CONCLUSIONS Burnout poses significant challenges to healthcare systems globally, impacting patient care, worker retention, and overall well-being. Identifying and addressing risk factors while promoting protective factors such as resilience and social support are crucial in mitigating burnout. Further research into prevention strategies and biomarker monitoring is warranted to support the mental and physical health of healthcare workers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreea-Petra Ungur
- Department of Occupational Medicine, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Maria Bârsan
- Department of Occupational Medicine, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Andreea-Iulia Socaciu
- Department of Occupational Medicine, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Armand Gabriel Râjnoveanu
- Department of Occupational Medicine, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Răzvan Ionuț
- Department of Occupational Medicine, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Letiția Goia
- Department of Modern Languages, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400349 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Lucia Maria Procopciuc
- Department of Molecular Sciences, Medical Biochemistry, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
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Xu Y, Wang R, Ma Y, Li M, Bai M, Wei G, Wang J, Feng L. Metabolite and Transcriptome Profiling Analysis Provides New Insights into the Distinctive Effects of Exogenous Melatonin on Flavonoids Biosynthesis in Rosa rugosa. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:9248. [PMID: 39273197 PMCID: PMC11395435 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25179248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2024] [Revised: 08/23/2024] [Accepted: 08/24/2024] [Indexed: 09/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Although the petals of Rosa rugosa are rich in flavonoids and their bioactivity has a significant impact on human health, the flavonoid content decreases during flower development. In this study, R. rugosa 'Feng hua' was used to investigate the effects of the melatonin foliar spray on enhancing the quality of rose by focusing on major flavonoids. The results showed that the contents of total flavonoids in rose petals at the full bloom stage induced by melatonin obeyed a bell-shaped curve, with a maximum at 0.3 mM, indicating the concentration-dependent up-regulation of flavonoid biosynthesis. In the treatment with 0.3 mM melatonin, metabolomic analyses showed that the concentrations of ten main flavonoids were identified to be increased by melatonin induction, with high levels and increases observed in three flavonols and two anthocyanins. KEGG enrichment of transcriptomic analysis revealed a remarkable enrichment of DEGs in flavonoid and flavonol biosynthesis, such as Rr4CL, RrF3H, and RrANS. Furthermore, functional validation using virus-induced gene silencing technology demonstrated that Rr4CL3 is the crucial gene regulating flavonoid biosynthesis in response to the stimulant of melatonin. This study provides insights into the exogenous melatonin regulation mechanism of biosynthesis of flavonoids, thereby offering potential industrial applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Xu
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Ruotong Wang
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Yuanxiao Ma
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Meng Li
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Mengjuan Bai
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Guo Wei
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Jianwen Wang
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Liguo Feng
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
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Aghdam MS, Arnao MB. Phytomelatonin: From Intracellular Signaling to Global Horticulture Market. J Pineal Res 2024; 76:e12990. [PMID: 39030989 DOI: 10.1111/jpi.12990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2024] [Revised: 06/25/2024] [Accepted: 07/03/2024] [Indexed: 07/22/2024]
Abstract
Melatonin (N-acetyl-5-methoxytryptamine), a well-known mammalian hormone, has been having a great relevance in the Plant World in recent years. Many of its physiological actions in plants are leading to possible features of agronomic interest, especially those related to improvements in tolerance to stressors and in the postharvest life of fruits and vegetables. Thus, through the exogenous application of melatonin or by modifying the endogenous biosynthesis of phytomelatonin, some change can be made in the functional levels of melatonin in tissues and their responses. Also, acting in the respective phytomelatonin biosynthesis enzymes, regulating the expression of tryptophan decarboxylase (TDC), tryptamine 5-hydroxylase (T5H), serotonin N-acetyltransferase (SNAT), N-acetylserotonin O-methyltransferase (ASMT), and caffeic acid O-methyltransferase (COMT), and recently the possible action of deacetylases on some intermediates offers promising opportunities for improving fruits and vegetables in postharvest and its marketability. Other regulators/effectors such as different transcription factors, protein kinases, phosphatases, miRNAs, protein-protein interactions, and some gasotransmitters such as nitric oxide or hydrogen sulfide were also considered in an exhaustive vision. Other interesting aspects such as the role of phytomelatonin in autophagic responses, the posttranslational reprogramming by protein-phosphorylation, ubiquitylation, SUMOylation, PARylation, persulfidation, and nitrosylation described in the phytomelatonin-mediated responses were also discussed, including the relationship of phytomelatonin and several plant hormones, for chilling injury and fungal decay alleviating. The current data about the phytomelatonin receptor in plants (CAND2/PMTR1), the effect of UV-B light and cold storage on the postharvest damage are presented and discussed. All this on the focus of a possible new action in the preservation of the quality of fruits and vegetables.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Marino B Arnao
- Phytohormones and Plant Development Laboratory, Department of Plant Biology (Plant Physiology), Faculty of Biology, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
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Wu J, Zhao Z. Acupuncture in circadian rhythm sleep-wake disorders and its potential neurochemical mechanisms. Front Neurosci 2024; 18:1346635. [PMID: 38318465 PMCID: PMC10839072 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2024.1346635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Circadian rhythm sleep-wake disorders (CRSWDs) are becoming increasingly common in modern societies due to lifestyle changes. The detrimental effects of CRSWDs on sleep and psychological health have attracted considerable attention recently. Alternative remedies for the treatment of CRSWDs have also gained attention in recent years owing to the limitations of medications. Several in vivo and clinical investigations have shown that acupuncture, one of the most important components of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), has been shown to modulate sleep-related circadian rhythms. Owing to the lack of research on the mechanism and effectiveness of acupuncture in treating CRSWDs, clinical applications of acupuncture have not gained popularity. This paper reviews the acupuncture methods, acupoint selection, and biochemical indicators supplied by in vivo and clinical studies to explore the effectiveness of acupuncture, and summarizes the circadian rhythm mechanisms and the acupuncture characteristics on circadian rhythm. The neurochemical mechanisms linked to acupuncture in treating CRSWDs are also outlined from the perspective of the central and peripheral biological clocks. Lastly, the inadequacy of previous studies on CRSWDs and conflicting results regarding acupuncture are explored and future research directions are envisioned.
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Lei X, Xu Z, Huang L, Huang Y, Tu S, Xu L, Liu D. The potential influence of melatonin on mitochondrial quality control: a review. Front Pharmacol 2024; 14:1332567. [PMID: 38273825 PMCID: PMC10808166 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1332567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2023] [Accepted: 12/31/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria are critical for cellular energetic metabolism, intracellular signaling orchestration and programmed death regulation. Therefore, mitochondrial dysfunction is associated with various pathogeneses. The maintenance of mitochondrial homeostasis and functional recovery after injury are coordinated by mitochondrial biogenesis, dynamics and autophagy, which are collectively referred to as mitochondrial quality control. There is increasing evidence that mitochondria are important targets for melatonin to exert protective effects under pathological conditions. Melatonin, an evolutionarily conserved tryptophan metabolite, can be synthesized, transported and metabolized in mitochondria. In this review, we summarize the important role of melatonin in the damaged mitochondria elimination and mitochondrial energy supply recovery by regulating mitochondrial quality control, which may provide new strategies for clinical treatment of mitochondria-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xudan Lei
- Radiation Oncology Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Department of Experimental Research, Sichuan Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Sichuan Cancer Center, Sichuan Cancer Hospital and Institute, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhenni Xu
- Radiation Oncology Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Department of Experimental Research, Sichuan Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Sichuan Cancer Center, Sichuan Cancer Hospital and Institute, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Lingxiao Huang
- Radiation Oncology Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Department of Experimental Research, Sichuan Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Sichuan Cancer Center, Sichuan Cancer Hospital and Institute, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Yujun Huang
- College of Basic Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Siyu Tu
- College of Basic Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Lu Xu
- Radiation Oncology Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Department of Experimental Research, Sichuan Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Sichuan Cancer Center, Sichuan Cancer Hospital and Institute, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Dengqun Liu
- Radiation Oncology Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Department of Experimental Research, Sichuan Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Sichuan Cancer Center, Sichuan Cancer Hospital and Institute, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
- College of Basic Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
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Cano A, Hernández-Ruiz J, Arnao MB. Common Methods of Extraction and Determination of Phytomelatonin in Plants. Methods Mol Biol 2024; 2798:161-181. [PMID: 38587742 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-3826-2_11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/09/2024]
Abstract
The presence of melatonin in plants, called phytomelatonin, has gained great interest in recent years. The determination of phytomelatonin levels in plant extracts for both physiological and plant foodstuff studies requires sophisticated techniques due to the low endogenous levels of this indolic compound with hormonal nature. This chapter presents the most common and advanced techniques in the determination of phytomelatonin, with special emphasis on the techniques of extraction, cleaning, separation, detection, identification, and quantification. Multiple examples and recommendations are presented for a clear overview of the pros and cons of phytomelatonin determinations in plant tissues, seeds, and fruits, mainly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Cano
- Phytohormones and Plant Development Laboratory, Department of Plant Biology (Plant Physiology), Faculty of Biology, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | - Josefa Hernández-Ruiz
- Phytohormones and Plant Development Laboratory, Department of Plant Biology (Plant Physiology), Faculty of Biology, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | - Marino B Arnao
- Phytohormones and Plant Development Laboratory, Department of Plant Biology (Plant Physiology), Faculty of Biology, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain.
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Carretero VJ, Ramos E, Segura-Chama P, Hernández A, Baraibar AM, Álvarez-Merz I, Muñoz FL, Egea J, Solís JM, Romero A, Hernández-Guijo JM. Non-Excitatory Amino Acids, Melatonin, and Free Radicals: Examining the Role in Stroke and Aging. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:1844. [PMID: 37891922 PMCID: PMC10603966 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12101844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Revised: 09/23/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this review is to explore the relationship between melatonin, free radicals, and non-excitatory amino acids, and their role in stroke and aging. Melatonin has garnered significant attention in recent years due to its diverse physiological functions and potential therapeutic benefits by reducing oxidative stress, inflammation, and apoptosis. Melatonin has been found to mitigate ischemic brain damage caused by stroke. By scavenging free radicals and reducing oxidative damage, melatonin may help slow down the aging process and protect against age-related cognitive decline. Additionally, non-excitatory amino acids have been shown to possess neuroprotective properties, including antioxidant and anti-inflammatory in stroke and aging-related conditions. They can attenuate oxidative stress, modulate calcium homeostasis, and inhibit apoptosis, thereby safeguarding neurons against damage induced by stroke and aging processes. The intracellular accumulation of certain non-excitatory amino acids could promote harmful effects during hypoxia-ischemia episodes and thus, the blockade of the amino acid transporters involved in the process could be an alternative therapeutic strategy to reduce ischemic damage. On the other hand, the accumulation of free radicals, specifically mitochondrial reactive oxygen and nitrogen species, accelerates cellular senescence and contributes to age-related decline. Recent research suggests a complex interplay between melatonin, free radicals, and non-excitatory amino acids in stroke and aging. The neuroprotective actions of melatonin and non-excitatory amino acids converge on multiple pathways, including the regulation of calcium homeostasis, modulation of apoptosis, and reduction of inflammation. These mechanisms collectively contribute to the preservation of neuronal integrity and functions, making them promising targets for therapeutic interventions in stroke and age-related disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria Jiménez Carretero
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutic, Teófilo Hernando Institute, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Av. Arzobispo Morcillo 4, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Eva Ramos
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Pedro Segura-Chama
- Investigador por México-CONAHCYT, Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría "Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz", Calzada México-Xochimilco 101, Huipulco, Tlalpan, Mexico City 14370, Mexico
| | - Adan Hernández
- Institute of Neurobiology, Universidad Nacional Autónoma of México, Juriquilla, Santiago de Querétaro 76230, Querétaro, Mexico
| | - Andrés M Baraibar
- Department of Neurosciences, Universidad del País Vasco UPV/EHU, Achucarro Basque Center for Neuroscience, Barrio Sarriena, s/n, 48940 Leioa, Spain
| | - Iris Álvarez-Merz
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutic, Teófilo Hernando Institute, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Av. Arzobispo Morcillo 4, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Francisco López Muñoz
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University Camilo José Cela, C/Castillo de Alarcón 49, Villanueva de la Cañada, 28692 Madrid, Spain
- Neuropsychopharmacology Unit, Hospital 12 de Octubre Research Institute (i + 12), Avda. Córdoba, s/n, 28041 Madrid, Spain
| | - Javier Egea
- Molecular Neuroinflammation and Neuronal Plasticity Research Laboratory, Hospital Universitario Santa Cristina, Health Research Institute, Hospital Universitario de la Princesa, 28006 Madrid, Spain
| | - José M Solís
- Neurobiology-Research Service, Hospital Ramón y Cajal, Carretera de Colmenar Viejo, Km. 9, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Alejandro Romero
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Jesús M Hernández-Guijo
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutic, Teófilo Hernando Institute, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Av. Arzobispo Morcillo 4, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Ramón y Cajal Institute for Health Research (IRYCIS), Hospital Ramón y Cajal, Carretera de Colmenar Viejo, Km. 9, 28029 Madrid, Spain
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Coleman JJ, Robinson CK, von Hippel W, Holmes KE, Kim J, Pearson S, Lawless RA, Hubbard AE, Cohen MJ. What Happens on Call Doesn't Stay on Call. The Effects of In-house Call on Acute Care Surgeons' Sleep and Burnout: Results of the Surgeon Performance (SuPer) Trial. Ann Surg 2023; 278:497-505. [PMID: 37389574 DOI: 10.1097/sla.0000000000005971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/01/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We sought to quantify the effects of in-house call(IHC) on sleep patterns and burnout among acute care surgeons (ACS). BACKGROUND Many ACS take INC, which leads to disrupted sleep and high levels of stress and burnout. METHODS Physiological and survey data of 224 ACS with IHC were collected over 6 months. Participants continuously wore a physiological tracking device and responded to daily electronic surveys. Daily surveys captured work and life events as well as feelings of restfulness and burnout. The Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI) was administered at the beginning and end of the study period. RESULTS Physiological data were recorded for 34,135 days, which includes 4389 nights of IHC. Feelings of moderate, very, or extreme burnout occurred 25.7% of days and feelings of being moderately, slightly, or not at all rested occurred 75.91% of days. Decreased amount of time since the last IHC, reduced sleep duration, being on call, and having a bad outcome all contribute to greater feelings of daily burnout ( P <0.001). Decreased time since last call also exacerbates the negative effect of IHC on burnout ( P <0.01). CONCLUSIONS ACS exhibit lower quality and reduced amount of sleep compared with an age-matched population. Furthermore, reduced sleep and decreased time since the last call led to increased feelings of daily burnout, accumulating in emotional exhaustion as measured on the MBI. A reevaluation of IHC requirements and patterns as well as identification of countermeasures to restore homeostatic wellness in ACS is essential to protect and optimize our workforce.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jamie J Coleman
- Department of Surgery, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY
| | | | | | - Kristen E Holmes
- Department of Psychology, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | | | - Samuel Pearson
- Business School, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Ryan A Lawless
- Department of Surgery, Orlando Regional Medical Center, Orlando, FL
| | - Alan E Hubbard
- Department of Biostatistics, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA
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Cui K, Tang X, Hu A, Fan M, Wu P, Lu X, Lin J, Yang F, Zhao X, Huang J, Yu S, Xu Y, Liang X. Therapeutic Benefit of Melatonin in Choroidal Neovascularization During Aging Through the Regulation of Senescent Macrophage/Microglia Polarization. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2023; 64:19. [PMID: 37578424 PMCID: PMC10431207 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.64.11.19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose This study aimed to investigate the age-dependent anti-angiogenic capability of melatonin in choroidal neovascularization (CNV) and to explore the underlying molecular mechanisms. Methods In the present study, a laser-induced CNV model was established in both young (three months of age) and old (18 months of age) mice, and the size of CNV lesions and vascular leakage was detected by morphological and imaging examination. Next, Western blot and immunostaining were used to observe the levels of M2 markers, senescence-related markers, and molecules involved in IL-10/STAT3 pathway. Additionally, colivelin was used to study the effect of IL-10/STAT3 pathway activation on the expression of M2 markers and senescence-related markers by Western blot and immunostaining. Finally, the effects of colivelin on melatonin-induced reduction of CNV size and vascular leakage in mice at different ages were assessed using morphological and imaging examination. Results Our results revealed that aging promoted M2 macrophage/microglia polarization, and aggravated CNV and vascular leakage. Melatonin significantly inhibited the M2 polarization of senescent macrophage/microglia and reduced the CNV area and vascular leakage. Moreover, melatonin markedly suppressed IL-10/STAT3 pathway activation in the macrophage/microglia of old mice, and STAT3 activator colivelin reversed the suppressive effect of melatonin on M2 polarization of senescent macrophage/microglia and laser-induced CNV in old mice. Conclusions Our data demonstrated that melatonin significantly prevented the M2 polarization of senescent macrophage/microglia by inhibiting the IL-10/STAT3 pathway, and eventually attenuated senescence-associated CNV. These findings suggested that melatonin could serve as a promising therapeutic agent to treat CNV and other age-related ocular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaixuan Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoyu Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangzhou, China
| | - Andina Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangzhou, China
| | - Matthew Fan
- Yale College, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, United States
| | - Peiqi Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xi Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jicheng Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangzhou, China
| | - Fengmei Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xinyu Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jingjing Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shanshan Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yue Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoling Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangzhou, China
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Holtkamp CE, Warmus D, Bonowicz K, Gagat M, Linowiecka K, Wolnicka-Glubisz A, Reiter RJ, Böhm M, Slominski AT, Steinbrink K, Kleszczyński K. Ultraviolet Radiation-Induced Mitochondrial Disturbances Are Attenuated by Metabolites of Melatonin in Human Epidermal Keratinocytes. Metabolites 2023; 13:861. [PMID: 37512568 PMCID: PMC10383625 DOI: 10.3390/metabo13070861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Revised: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Melatonin (N-acetyl-5-methoxytryptamine) is recognized as an effective antioxidant produced by the pineal gland, brain and peripheral organs, which also has anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory, and anti-tumour capacities. Melatonin has been reported as a substance that counteracts ultraviolet radiation B (UVB)-induced intracellular disturbances. Nevertheless, the mechanistic actions of related molecules including its kynurenic derivatives (N1-acetyl-N2-formyl-5-methoxykynurenine (AFMK)), its indolic derivatives (6-hydroxymelatonin (6(OH)MEL) and 5-methoxytryptamine (5-MT)) and its precursor N-acetylserotonin (NAS) are only poorly understood. Herein, we treated human epidermal keratinocytes with UVB and assessed the protective effect of the studied substances in terms of the maintenance of mitochondrial function or their radical scavenging capacity. Our results show that UVB caused the significant elevation of catalase (CAT) and superoxide dismutase (Mn-SOD), the dissipation of mitochondrial transmembrane potential (mtΔΨ), a reduction in ATP synthesis, and the enhanced release of cytochrome c into cytosol, leading subsequently to UVB-mediated activation of the caspases and apoptosis (appearance of sub-G1 population). Our findings, combined with data reported so far, indicate the counteracting and beneficial actions of melatonin and its molecular derivatives against these deleterious changes within mitochondria. Therefore, they define a path to the development of novel strategies delaying mitochondrial aging and promoting the well-being of human skin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chantal E. Holtkamp
- Department of Dermatology, University of Münster, Von-Esmarch-Str. 58, 48149 Münster, Germany; (C.E.H.); (M.B.); (K.S.)
| | - Dawid Warmus
- Department of Biophysics and Cancer Biology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 7, 30-387 Krakow, Poland; (D.W.); (A.W.-G.)
| | - Klaudia Bonowicz
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, 85-092 Bydgoszcz, Poland; (K.B.); (M.G.)
| | - Maciej Gagat
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, 85-092 Bydgoszcz, Poland; (K.B.); (M.G.)
| | - Kinga Linowiecka
- Department of Human Biology, Faculty of Biological and Veterinary Sciences, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Lwowska 1, 87-100 Toruń, Poland;
- Phillip Frost Department of Dermatology & Cutaneous Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33125, USA
| | - Agnieszka Wolnicka-Glubisz
- Department of Biophysics and Cancer Biology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 7, 30-387 Krakow, Poland; (D.W.); (A.W.-G.)
| | - Russel J. Reiter
- Department of Cell Systems and Anatomy, UT Health, Long School of Medicine, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA;
| | - Markus Böhm
- Department of Dermatology, University of Münster, Von-Esmarch-Str. 58, 48149 Münster, Germany; (C.E.H.); (M.B.); (K.S.)
| | - Andrzej T. Slominski
- Department of Dermatology, Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA;
- Pathology and Laboratory Medicine Service, VA Medical Center, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Kerstin Steinbrink
- Department of Dermatology, University of Münster, Von-Esmarch-Str. 58, 48149 Münster, Germany; (C.E.H.); (M.B.); (K.S.)
| | - Konrad Kleszczyński
- Department of Dermatology, University of Münster, Von-Esmarch-Str. 58, 48149 Münster, Germany; (C.E.H.); (M.B.); (K.S.)
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12
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Tossetta G, Fantone S, Piani F, Crescimanno C, Ciavattini A, Giannubilo SR, Marzioni D. Modulation of NRF2/KEAP1 Signaling in Preeclampsia. Cells 2023; 12:1545. [PMID: 37296665 PMCID: PMC10252212 DOI: 10.3390/cells12111545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2023] [Revised: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 06/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Placentation is a key and tightly regulated process that ensures the normal development of the placenta and fetal growth. Preeclampsia (PE) is a hypertensive pregnancy-related disorder involving about 5-8% of all pregnancies and clinically characterized by de novo maternal hypertension and proteinuria. In addition, PE pregnancies are also characterized by increased oxidative stress and inflammation. The NRF2/KEAP1 signaling pathway plays an important role in protecting cells against oxidative damage due to increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels. ROS activate NRF2, allowing its binding to the antioxidant response element (ARE) region present in the promoter of several antioxidant genes such as heme oxygenase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase and superoxide dismutase that neutralize ROS, protecting cells against oxidative stress damages. In this review, we analyze the current literature regarding the role of the NRF2/KEAP1 pathway in preeclamptic pregnancies, discussing the main cellular modulators of this pathway. Moreover, we also discuss the main natural and synthetic compounds that can regulate this pathway in in vivo and in vitro models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Tossetta
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Università Politecnica delle Marche, 60126 Ancona, Italy; (S.F.); (D.M.)
| | - Sonia Fantone
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Università Politecnica delle Marche, 60126 Ancona, Italy; (S.F.); (D.M.)
| | - Federica Piani
- Cardiovascular Internal Medicine, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, 40128 Bologna, Italy;
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy
| | - Caterina Crescimanno
- School of Human and Social Science, University “Kore” of Enna, 94100 Enna, Italy;
| | - Andrea Ciavattini
- Clinic of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Department of Clinical Sciences, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Salesi Hospital, 60123 Ancona, Italy; (A.C.); (S.R.G.)
| | - Stefano Raffaele Giannubilo
- Clinic of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Department of Clinical Sciences, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Salesi Hospital, 60123 Ancona, Italy; (A.C.); (S.R.G.)
| | - Daniela Marzioni
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Università Politecnica delle Marche, 60126 Ancona, Italy; (S.F.); (D.M.)
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13
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Ji S, Xiong M, Chen H, Liu Y, Zhou L, Hong Y, Wang M, Wang C, Fu X, Sun X. Cellular rejuvenation: molecular mechanisms and potential therapeutic interventions for diseases. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2023; 8:116. [PMID: 36918530 PMCID: PMC10015098 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-023-01343-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2022] [Revised: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 03/16/2023] Open
Abstract
The ageing process is a systemic decline from cellular dysfunction to organ degeneration, with more predisposition to deteriorated disorders. Rejuvenation refers to giving aged cells or organisms more youthful characteristics through various techniques, such as cellular reprogramming and epigenetic regulation. The great leaps in cellular rejuvenation prove that ageing is not a one-way street, and many rejuvenative interventions have emerged to delay and even reverse the ageing process. Defining the mechanism by which roadblocks and signaling inputs influence complex ageing programs is essential for understanding and developing rejuvenative strategies. Here, we discuss the intrinsic and extrinsic factors that counteract cell rejuvenation, and the targeted cells and core mechanisms involved in this process. Then, we critically summarize the latest advances in state-of-art strategies of cellular rejuvenation. Various rejuvenation methods also provide insights for treating specific ageing-related diseases, including cellular reprogramming, the removal of senescence cells (SCs) and suppression of senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP), metabolic manipulation, stem cells-associated therapy, dietary restriction, immune rejuvenation and heterochronic transplantation, etc. The potential applications of rejuvenation therapy also extend to cancer treatment. Finally, we analyze in detail the therapeutic opportunities and challenges of rejuvenation technology. Deciphering rejuvenation interventions will provide further insights into anti-ageing and ageing-related disease treatment in clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuaifei Ji
- Research Center for Tissue Repair and Regeneration Affiliated to Medical Innovation Research Department and 4th Medical Center, PLA General Hospital and PLA Medical College; PLA Key Laboratory of Tissue Repair and Regenerative Medicine and Beijing Key Research Laboratory of Skin Injury, Repair and Regeneration; Research Unit of Trauma Care, Tissue Repair and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 2019RU051, Beijing, 100048, P. R. China
| | - Mingchen Xiong
- Research Center for Tissue Repair and Regeneration Affiliated to Medical Innovation Research Department and 4th Medical Center, PLA General Hospital and PLA Medical College; PLA Key Laboratory of Tissue Repair and Regenerative Medicine and Beijing Key Research Laboratory of Skin Injury, Repair and Regeneration; Research Unit of Trauma Care, Tissue Repair and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 2019RU051, Beijing, 100048, P. R. China
| | - Huating Chen
- Research Center for Tissue Repair and Regeneration Affiliated to Medical Innovation Research Department and 4th Medical Center, PLA General Hospital and PLA Medical College; PLA Key Laboratory of Tissue Repair and Regenerative Medicine and Beijing Key Research Laboratory of Skin Injury, Repair and Regeneration; Research Unit of Trauma Care, Tissue Repair and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 2019RU051, Beijing, 100048, P. R. China
| | - Yiqiong Liu
- Research Center for Tissue Repair and Regeneration Affiliated to Medical Innovation Research Department and 4th Medical Center, PLA General Hospital and PLA Medical College; PLA Key Laboratory of Tissue Repair and Regenerative Medicine and Beijing Key Research Laboratory of Skin Injury, Repair and Regeneration; Research Unit of Trauma Care, Tissue Repair and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 2019RU051, Beijing, 100048, P. R. China
| | - Laixian Zhou
- Research Center for Tissue Repair and Regeneration Affiliated to Medical Innovation Research Department and 4th Medical Center, PLA General Hospital and PLA Medical College; PLA Key Laboratory of Tissue Repair and Regenerative Medicine and Beijing Key Research Laboratory of Skin Injury, Repair and Regeneration; Research Unit of Trauma Care, Tissue Repair and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 2019RU051, Beijing, 100048, P. R. China
| | - Yiyue Hong
- Research Center for Tissue Repair and Regeneration Affiliated to Medical Innovation Research Department and 4th Medical Center, PLA General Hospital and PLA Medical College; PLA Key Laboratory of Tissue Repair and Regenerative Medicine and Beijing Key Research Laboratory of Skin Injury, Repair and Regeneration; Research Unit of Trauma Care, Tissue Repair and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 2019RU051, Beijing, 100048, P. R. China
| | - Mengyang Wang
- Research Center for Tissue Repair and Regeneration Affiliated to Medical Innovation Research Department and 4th Medical Center, PLA General Hospital and PLA Medical College; PLA Key Laboratory of Tissue Repair and Regenerative Medicine and Beijing Key Research Laboratory of Skin Injury, Repair and Regeneration; Research Unit of Trauma Care, Tissue Repair and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 2019RU051, Beijing, 100048, P. R. China
| | - Chunming Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, 999078, Macau SAR, China.
| | - Xiaobing Fu
- Research Center for Tissue Repair and Regeneration Affiliated to Medical Innovation Research Department and 4th Medical Center, PLA General Hospital and PLA Medical College; PLA Key Laboratory of Tissue Repair and Regenerative Medicine and Beijing Key Research Laboratory of Skin Injury, Repair and Regeneration; Research Unit of Trauma Care, Tissue Repair and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 2019RU051, Beijing, 100048, P. R. China.
| | - Xiaoyan Sun
- Research Center for Tissue Repair and Regeneration Affiliated to Medical Innovation Research Department and 4th Medical Center, PLA General Hospital and PLA Medical College; PLA Key Laboratory of Tissue Repair and Regenerative Medicine and Beijing Key Research Laboratory of Skin Injury, Repair and Regeneration; Research Unit of Trauma Care, Tissue Repair and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 2019RU051, Beijing, 100048, P. R. China.
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14
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Hernández-Ruiz J, Giraldo-Acosta M, El Mihyaoui A, Cano A, Arnao MB. Melatonin as a Possible Natural Anti-Viral Compound in Plant Biocontrol. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:781. [PMID: 36840129 PMCID: PMC9961163 DOI: 10.3390/plants12040781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2023] [Revised: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Melatonin is a multifunctional and ubiquitous molecule. In animals, melatonin is a hormone that is involved in a wide range of physiological activities and is also an excellent antioxidant. In plants, it has been considered a master regulator of multiple physiological processes as well as of hormonal homeostasis. Likewise, it is known for its role as a protective biomolecule and activator of tolerance and resistance against biotic and abiotic stress in plants. Since infections by pathogens such as bacteria, fungi and viruses in crops result in large economic losses, interest has been aroused in determining whether melatonin plays a relevant role in plant defense systems against pathogens in general, and against viruses in particular. Currently, several strategies have been applied to combat infection by pathogens, one of them is the use of eco-friendly chemical compounds that induce systemic resistance. Few studies have addressed the use of melatonin as a biocontrol agent for plant diseases caused by viruses. Exogenous melatonin treatments have been used to reduce the incidence of several virus diseases, reducing symptoms, virus titer, and even eradicating the proliferation of viruses such as Tobacco Mosaic Virus, Apple Stem Grooving Virus, Rice Stripe Virus and Alfalfa Mosaic Virus in tomato, apple, rice and eggplant, respectively. The possibilities of using melatonin as a possible natural virus biocontrol agent are discussed.
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15
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Chen Z, Zhai J, Ma J, Chen P, Lin W, Zhang W, Xiong J, Zhang C, Wei H. Melatonin-Primed Mesenchymal Stem Cells-Derived Small Extracellular Vesicles Alleviated Neurogenic Erectile Dysfunction by Reversing Phenotypic Modulation. Adv Healthc Mater 2023; 12:e2203087. [PMID: 36652551 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202203087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Revised: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Erectile dysfunction (ED) is an adverse side effect of pelvic surgery with no effective treatment. In this study, it is explored whether melatonin could improve the therapeutic effects of small extracellular vesicles (sEVs), derived from mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), on cavernous nerve injury (CNI) ED, and the underlying mechanisms are investigated. The sEVs from melatonin-pretreated MSCs (MT-EVs) and MSCs (NC-EVs) are isolated and applied to CNI ED. Transplantation of MT-EVs remarkably increases erectile function and reduces phenotypic modulation in CNI ED rats. The therapeutic effects of MT-EVs are superior to those of NC-EVs. Sequencing implies that miR-10a-3p is enriched in MT-EVs, and directly targets the protein kinase inhibitor α (PKIA). After the suppression of miR-10a-3p, the therapeutic actions of MT-EVs are abolished, but are rescued by PKIA. Similarly, RhoA/ROCK is inhibited by MT-EVs, but this action is reversed by suppressing miR-10a-3p, accompanied by corresponding changes in PKIA. In conclusion, transplantation of MT-EVs could significantly alleviate CNI ED. MT-EVs may relieve the phenotypic modulation of the corpora cavernosum smooth muscle cells via the miR-10a-3p/PKIA/RhoA/ROCK signaling axis. These nanovesicles should be potential therapeutic vectors or bioactive materials for CNI ED.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zehong Chen
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Tianhe Road 600, Guangzhou, 510630, China
| | - Jiancheng Zhai
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Tianhe Road 600, Guangzhou, 510630, China
| | - Jiahui Ma
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Tianhe Road 600, Guangzhou, 510630, China
| | - Peng Chen
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Tianhe Road 600, Guangzhou, 510630, China
| | - Weishun Lin
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Tianhe Road 600, Guangzhou, 510630, China
| | - Weipeng Zhang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Tianhe Road 600, Guangzhou, 510630, China
| | - Jiaming Xiong
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Tianhe Road 600, Guangzhou, 510630, China
| | - Chaowei Zhang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Tianhe Road 600, Guangzhou, 510630, China
| | - Hongbo Wei
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Tianhe Road 600, Guangzhou, 510630, China
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16
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Pan Y, Xu X, Li L, Sun Q, Wang Q, Huang H, Tong Z, Zhang J. Melatonin-mediated development and abiotic stress tolerance in plants. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1100827. [PMID: 36778689 PMCID: PMC9909564 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1100827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 01/02/2023] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Melatonin is a multifunctional molecule that has been widely discovered in most plants. An increasing number of studies have shown that melatonin plays essential roles in plant growth and stress tolerance. It has been extensively applied to alleviate the harmful effects of abiotic stresses. In view of its role in regulating aspects of plant growth and development, we ponder and summarize the scientific discoveries about seed germination, root development, flowering, fruit maturation, and senescence. Under abiotic and biotic stresses, melatonin brings together many pathways to increase access to treatments for the symptoms of plants and to counteract the negative effects. It has the capacity to tackle regulation of the redox, plant hormone networks, and endogenous melatonin. Furthermore, the expression levels of several genes and the contents of diverse secondary metabolites, such as polyphenols, terpenoids, and alkaloids, were significantly altered. In this review, we intend to examine the actions of melatonin in plants from a broader perspective, explore the range of its physiological functions, and analyze the relationship between melatonin and other metabolites and metabolic pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, School of Forestry and Biotechnology, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiaoshan Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, School of Forestry and Biotechnology, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Lei Li
- Hunan Academy of Forestry, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Qinglin Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, School of Forestry and Biotechnology, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Qiguang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, School of Forestry and Biotechnology, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Huahong Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, School of Forestry and Biotechnology, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Zaikang Tong
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, School of Forestry and Biotechnology, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- *Correspondence: Zaikang Tong, ; Junhong Zhang,
| | - Junhong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, School of Forestry and Biotechnology, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- *Correspondence: Zaikang Tong, ; Junhong Zhang,
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Begum R, Mamun-Or-Rashid ANM, Lucy TT, Pramanik MK, Sil BK, Mukerjee N, Tagde P, Yagi M, Yonei Y. Potential Therapeutic Approach of Melatonin against Omicron and Some Other Variants of SARS-CoV-2. Molecules 2022; 27:6934. [PMID: 36296527 PMCID: PMC9609612 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27206934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2022] [Revised: 10/03/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The Omicron variant (B.529) of COVID-19 caused disease outbreaks worldwide because of its contagious and diverse mutations. To reduce these outbreaks, therapeutic drugs and adjuvant vaccines have been applied for the treatment of the disease. However, these drugs have not shown high efficacy in reducing COVID-19 severity, and even antiviral drugs have not shown to be effective. Researchers thus continue to search for an effective adjuvant therapy with a combination of drugs or vaccines to treat COVID-19 disease. We were motivated to consider melatonin as a defensive agent against SARS-CoV-2 because of its various unique properties. Over 200 scientific publications have shown the significant effects of melatonin in treating diseases, with strong antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and immunomodulatory effects. Melatonin has a high safety profile, but it needs further clinical trials and experiments for use as a therapeutic agent against the Omicron variant of COVID-19. It might immediately be able to prevent the development of severe symptoms caused by the coronavirus and can reduce the severity of the infection by improving immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahima Begum
- Department of Microbiology, Gono Bishwabidyalay, Dhaka 1344, Bangladesh
| | - A. N. M. Mamun-Or-Rashid
- Anti-Aging Medical Research Center, Graduate School of Life and Medical Sciences, Doshisha University 1-3 TataraMiyakodani, Kyoto 610-0394, Japan
- Glycative Stress Research Center, Graduate School of Life and Medical Sciences, Doshisha University 1-3 Tatara Miyakodani, Kyoto 610-0394, Japan
- Department of Environmental & Occupational Health, School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, 130 De Soto Str., Pittsburgh, PA 15231, USA
| | - Tanzima Tarannum Lucy
- Anti-Aging Medical Research Center, Graduate School of Life and Medical Sciences, Doshisha University 1-3 TataraMiyakodani, Kyoto 610-0394, Japan
- Glycative Stress Research Center, Graduate School of Life and Medical Sciences, Doshisha University 1-3 Tatara Miyakodani, Kyoto 610-0394, Japan
| | - Md. Kamruzzaman Pramanik
- Microbiology and Industrial Irradiation Division, Institute of Food and Radiation Biology, Atomic Energy Research Establishment, Savar 1349, Bangladesh
| | - Bijon Kumar Sil
- Department of Microbiology, Gono Bishwabidyalay, Dhaka 1344, Bangladesh
| | - Nobendu Mukerjee
- Department of Microbiology, Ramakrishna Mission Vivekananda Centenary College, Kolkata 700118, India
- Department of Health Sciences, Novel Global Community Educational Foundation, Sydney 37729, Australia
| | - Priti Tagde
- Patel College of Pharmacy, Madhyanchal Professional University, Bhopal 462044, India
| | - Masayuki Yagi
- Anti-Aging Medical Research Center, Graduate School of Life and Medical Sciences, Doshisha University 1-3 TataraMiyakodani, Kyoto 610-0394, Japan
- Glycative Stress Research Center, Graduate School of Life and Medical Sciences, Doshisha University 1-3 Tatara Miyakodani, Kyoto 610-0394, Japan
| | - Yoshikazu Yonei
- Anti-Aging Medical Research Center, Graduate School of Life and Medical Sciences, Doshisha University 1-3 TataraMiyakodani, Kyoto 610-0394, Japan
- Glycative Stress Research Center, Graduate School of Life and Medical Sciences, Doshisha University 1-3 Tatara Miyakodani, Kyoto 610-0394, Japan
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18
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Arnao MB, Cano A, Hernández-Ruiz J. Phytomelatonin: an unexpected molecule with amazing performances in plants. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2022; 73:5779-5800. [PMID: 35029657 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erac009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2021] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Phytomelatonin, a multifunctional molecule that has been found to be present in all plants examined to date, has an important role in plants as a modulatory agent (a biostimulator) that improves plant tolerance to both biotic and abiotic stress. We present a review of phytomelatonin that considers its roles in plant metabolism and in particular its interactions with plant hormone network. In the primary metabolism of plants, melatonin improves the rate and efficiency of photosynthesis, as well related factors such as stomatal conductance, intercellular CO2, and Rubisco activity. It has also been shown to down-regulate some senescence transcription factors. Melatonin up-regulates many enzyme transcripts related to carbohydrates (including sucrose and starch), amino acids, and lipid metabolism, optimizing N, P, and S uptake. With respect to the secondary metabolism, clear increases in polyphenol, glucosinolate, terpenoid, and alkaloid contents have been described in numerous melatonin-treated plants. Generally, the most important genes of these secondary biosynthesis pathways have been found to be up-regulated by melatonin. The great regulatory capacity of melatonin is a result of its control of the redox and plant hormone networks. Melatonin acts as a plant master regulator, up-/down-regulating different plant hormone levels and signalling, and is a key player in redox homeostasis. It has the capacity to counteract diverse critical situations such as pathogen infections and abiotic stresses, and provide plants with varying degrees of tolerance. We propose possible future applications of melatonin for crop improvement and post-harvest product preservation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marino B Arnao
- Department of Plant Biology (Plant Physiology), Faculty of Biology, University of Murcia, 30100-Murcia, Spain
| | - Antonio Cano
- Department of Plant Biology (Plant Physiology), Faculty of Biology, University of Murcia, 30100-Murcia, Spain
| | - Josefa Hernández-Ruiz
- Department of Plant Biology (Plant Physiology), Faculty of Biology, University of Murcia, 30100-Murcia, Spain
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19
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Zhou Z, Wang R, Wang J, Hao Y, Xie Q, Wang L, Wang X. Melatonin pretreatment on exosomes: Heterogeneity, therapeutic effects, and usage. Front Immunol 2022; 13:933736. [PMID: 36189281 PMCID: PMC9524263 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.933736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The therapeutic outcomes of exosome-based therapies have greatly exceeded initial expectations in many clinically intractable diseases due to the safety, low toxicity, and immunogenicity of exosomes, but the production of the exosomes is a bottleneck for wide use. To increase the yield of the exosomes, various solutions have been tried, such as hypoxia, extracellular acidic pH, etc. With a limited number of cells or exosomes, an alternative approach has been developed to improve the efficacy of exosomes through cell pretreatment recently. Melatonin is synthesized from tryptophan and secreted in the pineal gland, presenting a protective effect in pathological conditions. As a new pretreatment method, melatonin can effectively enhance the antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-apoptotic function of exosomes in chronic kidney disease, diabetic wound healing, and ischemia-reperfusion treatments. However, the current use of melatonin pretreatment varies widely. Here, we discuss the effects of melatonin pretreatment on the heterogeneity of exosomes based on the role of melatonin and further speculate on the possible mechanisms. Finally, the therapeutic use of exosomes and the usage of melatonin pretreatment are described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zilan Zhou
- School and Hospital of Stomatology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
- Shanxi Province Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases Prevention and New Materials, Taiyuan, China
| | - Ruiping Wang
- Science and Technology Information and Strategy Research Center of Shanxi, Taiyuan, China
| | - Jie Wang
- School and Hospital of Stomatology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
- Shanxi Province Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases Prevention and New Materials, Taiyuan, China
| | - Yujia Hao
- School and Hospital of Stomatology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
- Shanxi Province Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases Prevention and New Materials, Taiyuan, China
| | - Qingpeng Xie
- School and Hospital of Stomatology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
- Shanxi Province Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases Prevention and New Materials, Taiyuan, China
| | - Lu Wang
- School and Hospital of Stomatology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
- Shanxi Province Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases Prevention and New Materials, Taiyuan, China
- *Correspondence: Xing Wang, ; Lu Wang,
| | - Xing Wang
- School and Hospital of Stomatology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
- Shanxi Province Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases Prevention and New Materials, Taiyuan, China
- *Correspondence: Xing Wang, ; Lu Wang,
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Essential Oils and Melatonin as Functional Ingredients in Dogs. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12162089. [PMID: 36009679 PMCID: PMC9405278 DOI: 10.3390/ani12162089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2022] [Revised: 08/07/2022] [Accepted: 08/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Phytogenics are plant-based compounds with beneficial actions in feed technology and/or animal health. These so-called plant secondary metabolites are very diverse and with wide possible applications in humans and animals. Among them, essential oils (EOs) are the most used in feed for livestock and pets. Lately, melatonin has acquired new and interesting applications in dogs. Recent studies using EOs and/or melatonin in dog feeding and their involvement in health aspects are presented. Abstract The use of nutraceuticals or functional ingredients is increasingly widespread in human food; their use is also widespread in animal feed. These natural compounds generally come from plant materials and comprise a wide range of substances of a very diverse chemical nature. In animals, these compounds, so-called phytogenics, are used to obtain improvements in feed production/stability and also as functional components with repercussions on animal health. Along with polyphenols, isoprenoid compounds represent a family of substances with wide applications in therapy and pet nutrition. Essential oils (EOs) are a group of complex substances with fat-soluble nature that are widely used. Melatonin is an indolic amine present in all living with amphiphilic nature. In this work, we present a review of the most relevant phytogenics (polyphenol, isoprenoid, and alkaloid compounds), their characteristics, and possible uses as nutraceuticals in dogs, with special emphasis on EOs and their regulatory aspects, applied in foods and topically. Additionally, a presentation of the importance of the use of melatonin in dogs is developed, giving physiological and practical aspects about its use in dog feeding and also in topical application, with examples and future projections. This review points to the combination of EOs and melatonin in food supplements and in the topical application as an innovative product and shows excellent perspectives aimed at addressing dysfunctions in pets, such as the treatment of stress and anxiety, sleep disorders, alopecia, and hair growth problems, among others.
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21
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Effect of Melatonin in Broccoli Postharvest and Possible Melatonin Ingestion Level. PLANTS 2022; 11:plants11152000. [PMID: 35956477 PMCID: PMC9370688 DOI: 10.3390/plants11152000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2022] [Revised: 07/28/2022] [Accepted: 07/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
The post-harvest stage of broccoli production requires cold storage to obtain enough days of shelf life. It has been proved that melatonin is useful as a post-harvest agent in fruits and vegetables, including broccoli. In this study, the broccoli heads treated with melatonin have a longer shelf life than the control samples, which was reflected in parameters such as fresh weight, hue angle (expresses color quality), and chlorophyll and carotenoid contents. Treatments with 100 μM melatonin for 15 or 30 min seem to be the most appropriate, extending the broccoli’s shelf life to almost 42 days, when it is normally around 4 weeks. In addition, a study on the possible impact that melatonin treatments in broccoli could have on melatonin intake in humans is presented. The levels of superficial melatonin, called washing or residual melatonin, are measured, showing the possible incidence in estimated blood melatonin levels. Our results suggest that post-harvest treatments with melatonin do not have to be a handicap from a nutritional point of view, but more research is needed.
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22
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Liu Z, Chen B, Chang J, Feng L, Zhao X. Melatonin regulates trophoblast pyroptosis, invasion and migration in preeclampsia by inhibiting HtrA1 transcription through the microRNA-520c-3p/SETD7 axis. Am J Reprod Immunol 2022; 87:e13523. [PMID: 35137483 DOI: 10.1111/aji.13523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2021] [Revised: 01/16/2022] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Melatonin has an inhibitory effect on preeclampsia (PE). This study was launched to explore the way that melatonin regulated trophoblast migration, invasion, and pyroptosis in PE and to provide new ideas for the diagnosis and treatment of PE. METHODS Expression levels of melatonin receptors (MT1 and MT2), microRNA (miR)-520c-3p, SETD7, and HtrA1 in placental tissues and HTR8/SVneo cells were measured by RT-qPCR and Western blot. Scratch, Transwell, and Western blot assays were performed to detect migration, invasion, and pyroptosis of hypoxia/reoxygenation (H/R)-treated HTR8/SVneo cells. Dual-luciferase reporter assay was utilized to verify the targeting relationship between miR-520c-3p and SETD7. ChIP experiment was conducted to detect the enrichment of H3K4me3 and SETD7 in HtrA1 promoter. RESULTS Low expression of MT1, MT2, and miR-520c-3p and high expression of SETD7 and HtrA1 were observed in the placental tissues of PE patients and H/R-treated HTR8/Svneo cells. A high concentration of melatonin promoted migration and invasion and inhibited pyroptosis of PE cell models. Knockdown of miR-520c-3p, overexpression of SETD7, or overexpression of HtrA1 impaired migration and invasion and accelerated pyroptosis of H/R-treated HTR8/SVneo cells, but these outcomes could be reversed by treatment with 1000 μM melatonin. miR-520c-3p targeted SETD7 which promoted histone methylation in the promoter region of HtrA1. CONCLUSION Melatonin may inhibit HtrA1 transcription through the miR-520c-3p/SETD7 axis to promote trophoblast invasion and migration and reduce trophoblast pyroptosis in PE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaochun Liu
- Department of Obstetrics, the First Affiliated Hospital of the Medical College, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang, P.R. China
| | - Bin Chen
- Department of Obstetrics, the First Affiliated Hospital of the Medical College, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang, P.R. China
| | - Jing Chang
- Department of Obstetrics, the First Affiliated Hospital of the Medical College, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang, P.R. China
| | - Lulu Feng
- Department of Obstetrics, the First Affiliated Hospital of the Medical College, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang, P.R. China
| | - Xia Zhao
- Department of Obstetrics, the First Affiliated Hospital of the Medical College, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang, P.R. China
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Light pollution as an ecological edge effect: Landscape ecological analysis of light pollution in protected areas in Korea. J Nat Conserv 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jnc.2022.126148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Assessment of Melatonin-Cultured Collagen/Chitosan Scaffolds Cross-Linked by a Glyoxal Solution as Biomaterials for Wound Healing. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11030570. [PMID: 35326220 PMCID: PMC8945360 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11030570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2022] [Revised: 03/09/2022] [Accepted: 03/15/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Chitosan (CTS) and collagen (Coll) are natural biomaterials that have been extensively used in tissue engineering or wound healing applications, either separately or as composite materials. Most methods to fabricate CTS/Coll matrices employ chemical crosslinking to obtain solid and stable scaffolds with the necessary porosity and mechanical properties to facilitate regeneration. In this study, we comparatively assessed the physicochemical properties of 3D scaffolds loaded with a cross-linker, glyoxal. Using a scanning electron microscope, we evaluated the microstructure of resultant matrices and their mechanistic testing by the determination of the compressive modulus (Emod), the maximum force (Fmax), thermogravimetric analysis (TG), Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy–Attenuated Total Reflectance (FTIR-ATR), and proliferation rate in vitro using human epidermal keratinocytes and dermal fibroblasts cultured in presence of melatonin solution (10−5 M). We observed that enhanced content of collagen (50CTS/50Coll or 20CTS/80Coll compared to 80CTS/20Coll) significantly elevated the physicochemical capacities of resultant materials. Besides, presence of 5% glyoxal increased porosity, Emod and Fmax, compared to scaffolds without glyoxal. Finally, keratinocytes and dermal fibroblasts cultured on subjected matrices in presence of melatonin revealed a prominently enhanced growth rate. This indicates that the combination of glyoxal and melatonin make it imperative to consider these materials as a promising approach for targeting skin tissue engineering or regenerative dermatology.
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Hernández-Ruiz J, Ruiz-Cano D, Giraldo-Acosta M, Cano A, Arnao MB. Melatonin in Brassicaceae: Role in Postharvest and Interesting Phytochemicals. Molecules 2022; 27:1523. [PMID: 35268624 PMCID: PMC8911641 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27051523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2022] [Revised: 02/22/2022] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Brassicaceae plants are of great interest for human consumption due to their wide variety and nutritional qualities. Of the more than 4000 species that make up this family, about a hundred varieties of 6-8 genera are extensively cultivated. One of the most interesting aspects is its high content of glucosinolates, which are plant secondary metabolites with widely demonstrated anti-oncogenic properties that make them healthy. The most relevant Brassicaceae studies related to food and melatonin are examined in this paper. The role of melatonin as a beneficial agent in seedling grown mainly in cabbage and rapeseed and in the postharvest preservation of broccoli is especially analyzed. The beneficial effect of melatonin treatments on the organoleptic properties of these commonly consumed vegetables can be of great interest in the agri-food industry. Melatonin application extends the shelf life of fresh-cut broccoli while maintaining optimal visual and nutritional parameters. In addition, an integrated model indicating the role of melatonin on the organoleptic properties, the biosynthesis of glucosinolates and the regulatory action of these health-relevant compounds with anti-oncogenic activity is presented.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Marino B. Arnao
- Department of Plant Biology (Plant Physiology), Faculty of Biology, University of Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain; (J.H.-R.); (D.R.-C.); (M.G.-A.); (A.C.)
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Mechanisms of Melatonin in Obesity: A Review. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 23:ijms23010218. [PMID: 35008644 PMCID: PMC8745381 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23010218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2021] [Revised: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 12/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity and its complications have become a prominent global public health problem that severely threatens human health. Melatonin, originally known as an effective antioxidant, is an endogenous hormone found throughout the body that serves various physiological functions. In recent decades, increasing attention has been paid to its unique function in regulating energy metabolism, especially in glucose and lipid metabolism. Accumulating evidence has established the relationship between melatonin and obesity; nevertheless, not all preclinical and clinical evidence indicates the anti-obesity effect of melatonin, which makes it remain to conclude the clinical effect of melatonin in the fight against obesity. In this review, we have summarized the current knowledge of melatonin in regulating obesity-related symptoms, with emphasis on its underlying mechanisms. The role of melatonin in regulating the lipid profile, adipose tissue, oxidative stress, and inflammation, as well as the interactions of melatonin with the circadian rhythm, gut microbiota, sleep disorder, as well as the α7nAChR, the opioidergic system, and exosomes, make melatonin a promising agent to open new avenues in the intervention of obesity.
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27
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Kukula-Koch W, Szwajgier D, Gaweł-Bęben K, Strzępek-Gomółka M, Głowniak K, Meissner HO. Is Phytomelatonin Complex Better Than Synthetic Melatonin? The Assessment of the Antiradical and Anti-Inflammatory Properties. Molecules 2021; 26:6087. [PMID: 34641628 PMCID: PMC8512846 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26196087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2021] [Revised: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
This work aims to assess the recently established anti-inflammatory and antioxidant potential of melatonin of plant origin extracted from the plant matrix as a phytomelatonin complex (PHT-MLT), and compare its activity with synthetic melatonin (SNT-MLT) when used on its own or with vitamin C. For this purpose, a COX-2 enzyme inhibitory activity test, an antiradical activity in vitro and on cell lines assays, was performed on both PHT-MLT and SNT-MLT products. COX-2 inhibitory activity of PHT-MLT was found to be ca. 6.5 times stronger than that of SNT-MLT (43.3% and 6.7% enzyme inhibition, equivalent to the activity of acetylsalicylic acid in conc. 30.3 ± 0.2 and 12.0 ± 0.3 mg/mL, respectively). Higher antiradical potential and COX-2 inhibitory properties of PHT-MLT could be explained by the presence of additional naturally occurring constituents in alfalfa, chlorella, and rice, which were clearly visible on the HPLC-ESI-QTOF-MS fingerprint. The antiradical properties of PHT-MLT determined in the DPPH test (IC50 of 21.6 ± 1 mg of powder/mL) were found to originate from the presence of other metabolites in the 50% EtOH extract while SNT-MLT was found to be inactive under the applied testing conditions. However, the antioxidant studies on HaCaT keratinocytes stimulated with H2O2 revealed a noticeable activity in all samples. The presence of PHT-MLT (12.5, 25 and 50 µg/mL) and vitamin C (12.5, 25 and 50 µg/mL) in the H2O2-pretreated HaCaT keratinocytes protected the cells from generating reactive oxygen species. This observation confirms that MLT-containing samples affect the intracellular production of enzymes and neutralize the free radicals. Presented results indicated that MLT-containing products in combination with Vitamin C dosage are worth to be considered as a preventive alternative in the therapy of various diseases in the etiopathogenesis, of which radical and inflammatory mechanisms play an important role.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wirginia Kukula-Koch
- Department of Pharmacognosy with Garden of Medicinal Plants, Medicinal University in Lublin, 1 Chodźki Str., 20-093 Lublin, Poland
| | - Dominik Szwajgier
- Department of Biotechnology, Microbiology and Human Nutrition, University of Life Sciences, 8 Skromna Str., 20-704 Lublin, Poland;
| | - Katarzyna Gaweł-Bęben
- Department of Cosmetology, University of Information Technology and Management in Rzeszów, 2 Sucharskiego Str., 35-225 Rzeszów, Poland; (K.G.-B.); (M.S.-G.); (K.G.)
| | - Marcelina Strzępek-Gomółka
- Department of Cosmetology, University of Information Technology and Management in Rzeszów, 2 Sucharskiego Str., 35-225 Rzeszów, Poland; (K.G.-B.); (M.S.-G.); (K.G.)
| | - Kazimierz Głowniak
- Department of Cosmetology, University of Information Technology and Management in Rzeszów, 2 Sucharskiego Str., 35-225 Rzeszów, Poland; (K.G.-B.); (M.S.-G.); (K.G.)
| | - Henry O. Meissner
- Therapeutic Research, TTD International Pty Ltd., 39 Leopard Ave., Gold Coast 4221, Australia;
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Arnao MB, Hernández-Ruiz J. Melatonin as a plant biostimulant in crops and during post-harvest: a new approach is needed. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2021; 101:5297-5304. [PMID: 34002381 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.11318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2021] [Revised: 03/30/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
A great amount of data covering a wide variety of plant species and experimental conditions has demonstrated the beneficial actions that melatonin exerts on many aspects of plant development, including germination, photosynthesis and water economy. Melatonin behaves especially well as a plant biostimulator against biotic and abiotic stressors, increasing stress tolerance. The present contribution sets out possible future multidisciplinary studies, in which the impact of using melatonin with respect to agriculture, food technology, human nutrition and the environment needs to be clearly established. In crops, the effective dose and best formulations for individual plant species and cultivation conditions should be studied. As regards post-harvest, the focus should be on the half-life time of melatonin in fruits and water-residue treatments. Detailed studies are lacking on the human intake of phytomelatonin in different diets. Studies on the metabolization of phytomelatonin and the combined effect with other phytonutrients such as carotenoids, chlorophylls, flavonoids, fibers, etc., would also be of interest. In soils, the possible interaction between melatonin and microbiome and non-vertebrate animals is of primordial interest. In terms of the environment, although melatonin is classified as a non-hazardous agent, its limitations as a possible animal hormone disruptor have been suggested. Specific studies on the permanence of melatonin in plant tissues, plant by-products, soil, freshwater and honeybees, amongst others, are proposed to obtain crucial information. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marino B Arnao
- Department of Plant Biology (Plant Physiology), Faculty of Biology, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
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Arnao MB, Hernández-Ruiz J, Cano A, Reiter RJ. Melatonin and Carbohydrate Metabolism in Plant Cells. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 10:1917. [PMID: 34579448 PMCID: PMC8472256 DOI: 10.3390/plants10091917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Revised: 09/11/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Melatonin, a multifunctional molecule that is present in all living organisms studied, is synthesized in plant cells in several intercellular organelles including in the chloroplasts and in mitochondria. In plants, melatonin has a relevant role as a modulatory agent which improves their tolerance response to biotic and abiotic stress. The role of melatonin in stress conditions on the primary metabolism of plant carbohydrates is reviewed in the present work. Thus, the modulatory actions of melatonin on the various biosynthetic and degradation pathways involving simple carbohydrates (mono- and disaccharides), polymers (starch), and derivatives (polyalcohols) in plants are evaluated. The possible applications of the use of melatonin in crop improvement and postharvest products are examined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marino B. Arnao
- Department of Plant Biology (Plant Physiology), Faculty of Biology, University of Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain; (J.H.-R.); (A.C.)
| | - Josefa Hernández-Ruiz
- Department of Plant Biology (Plant Physiology), Faculty of Biology, University of Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain; (J.H.-R.); (A.C.)
| | - Antonio Cano
- Department of Plant Biology (Plant Physiology), Faculty of Biology, University of Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain; (J.H.-R.); (A.C.)
| | - Russel J. Reiter
- Department of Cell Systems and Anatomy, UT Health, Long School of Medicine, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
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The potential role of melatonin in retarding intervertebral disc ageing and degeneration: A systematic review. Ageing Res Rev 2021; 70:101394. [PMID: 34139338 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2021.101394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2021] [Revised: 06/08/2021] [Accepted: 06/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Intervertebral disc degeneration (IDD) is a common degenerative disease of the musculoskeletal system that develops with age. It is regarded as the main cause of chronic low back pain in the elderly. IDD has various causes, including ageing, mechanical overloading, and nutritional deficiency. Melatonin is a pleiotropic indole hormone secreted by the pineal gland and plays an important role in resisting various degenerative diseases. The serum levels of melatonin decline with age and are reported to be negatively correlated with the symptomatic and histopathological scores of IDD. In vivo studies have shown that exogenous administration of melatonin could maintain the structural integrity of the intervertebral disc and inhibit the development of IDD. Mechanistically, by interacting with its membrane or intracellular receptors, melatonin can promote autophagic flux, scavenge free radicals, inhibit the release of pro-inflammatory factors, and block apoptotic pathways, thereby enhancing anti-stress abilities and matrix anabolism in different types of disc cells. Therefore, melatonin supplementation may be a promising therapeutic strategy for IDD. This review aimed to summarize the latest findings regarding the therapeutic potential of melatonin in IDD.
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31
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High-throughput quantitation of trace level melatonin in human milk by on-line enrichment liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Anal Chim Acta 2021; 1176:338764. [PMID: 34399902 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2021.338764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Revised: 06/13/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The level of melatonin in human milk might be closely related to infant development and the building up of their circadian rhythms. The large population investigation on this topic would provide insights for the prevention and treatment of diseases related to early development and circadian rhythms. However, it has not been well studied. Trace level endogenous melatonin and difficulties in sample collection are among the challenges limiting the progress. High throughput analytical method with high specificity and sensitivity to determine the endogenous melatonin concentration is highly desired. A newly developed easily operated and high-throughput sensitive on-line enrichment liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) method would be reported in this paper. Melatonin-d3 (MEL-d3) was used as a surrogate standard for the calibration curve and melatonin-d4 (MEL-d4) was used as an internal standard. Sample preparation was simply performed in 96-well plate by protein precipitation using acetonitrile (ACN). The supernatant was injected directly into the easily configured LC-MS/MS system with an enlarged sample loop and a mixer. Positive mode multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) was adopted for the measurement of melatonin in milk. 100 μL sample was used for analysis and the calibration curve linear range was 1-1000 pg mL-1. In three validation batches, the accuracy was within 11.0% deviation from the relative nominal concentration, whereas the intra- and inter-assay precision was ≤4.1% and ≤6.8% relative standard deviation (RSD), respectively. Although matrix effect was observed in the validation experiments, the stable isotope labeled internal standard (MEL-d4) could correct it and the overall relative matrix effect of MEL-d3/MEL-d4 was close to 100%. The overall spike recovery of the method was 101.7% with 5.1% RSD. Compared to currently reported methods, it could reach 1 pg mL-1 lower limit of quantification (LLOQ) with a smaller sample volume, sample preparation could be easily performed by automated liquid handling system and was more suitable for large population cohort studies on trace level endogenous melatonin determination.
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Tang Y, Groom K, Chamley L, Chen Q. Melatonin, a Potential Therapeutic Agent for Preeclampsia, Reduces the Extrusion of Toxic Extracellular Vesicles from Preeclamptic Placentae. Cells 2021; 10:cells10081904. [PMID: 34440672 PMCID: PMC8393242 DOI: 10.3390/cells10081904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2021] [Revised: 07/16/2021] [Accepted: 07/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Preeclampsia, characterised by maternal endothelial cell activation, is triggered by toxic factors, such as placental extracellular vesicles (EVs) from a dysfunctional placenta. The increased oxidative stress seen in the preeclamptic placenta links to endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress. The ER regulates protein folding and trafficking. When the ER is stressed, proteins are misfolded, and misfolded proteins are toxic. Misfolded proteins can be exported from cells, via EVs which target to other cells where the misfolded proteins may also be toxic. Melatonin is a hormone and antioxidant produced by the pineal gland and placenta. Levels of melatonin are reduced in preeclampsia. In this study we investigated whether melatonin treatment can change the nature of placental EVs that are released from a preeclamptic placenta. EVs were collected from preeclamptic (n = 6) and normotensive (n = 6) placental explants cultured in the presence or absence of melatonin for 18 h. Misfolded proteins were measured using a fluorescent compound, Thioflavin-T (ThT). Endothelial cells were exposed to placental EVs overnight. Endothelial cell activation was measured by the quantification of cell-surface ICAM-1 using a cell-based ELISA. EVs from preeclamptic placentae carried significantly (p < 0.001) more misfolded proteins than normotensive controls. Incubating preeclamptic placental explants in the presence of melatonin (1 µM and 10 µM) significantly (p < 0.001) reduced the misfolded proteins carried by EVs. Culturing endothelial cells in the presence of preeclamptic EVs significantly increased the expression of ICAM-1. This increased ICAM-1 expression was significantly reduced when the endothelial cells were exposed to preeclamptic EVs cultured in the presence of melatonin. This study demonstrates that melatonin reduces the amount of misfolded proteins carried by EVs from preeclamptic placentae and reduces the ability of these EVs to activate endothelial cells. Our study provides further preclinical support for the use of melatonin as a treatment for preeclampsia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunhui Tang
- Department of Family Planning, The Hospital of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, Fudan University, Shanghai 200081, China
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, The University of Auckland, 1142 Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Katie Groom
- National Women's Health, Auckland City Hospital, 1142 Auckland, New Zealand
- Liggins Institute, The University of Auckland, 1142 Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Larry Chamley
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, The University of Auckland, 1142 Auckland, New Zealand
- Hub for Extracellular Vesicle Investigations, The University of Auckland, 1142 Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Qi Chen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, The University of Auckland, 1142 Auckland, New Zealand
- Hub for Extracellular Vesicle Investigations, The University of Auckland, 1142 Auckland, New Zealand
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Williams JA, Russ D, Bravo-Merodio L, Cardoso VR, Pendleton SC, Aziz F, Acharjee A, Gkoutos GV. A Causal Web between Chronotype and Metabolic Health Traits. Genes (Basel) 2021; 12:genes12071029. [PMID: 34356044 PMCID: PMC8303793 DOI: 10.3390/genes12071029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2021] [Revised: 06/22/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Observational and experimental evidence has linked chronotype to both psychological and cardiometabolic traits. Recent Mendelian randomization (MR) studies have investigated direct links between chronotype and several of these traits, often in isolation of outside potential mediating or moderating traits. We mined the EpiGraphDB MR database for calculated chronotype–trait associations (p-value < 5 × 10−8). We then re-analyzed those relevant to metabolic or mental health and investigated for statistical evidence of horizontal pleiotropy. Analyses passing multiple testing correction were then investigated for confounders, colliders, intermediates, and reverse intermediates using the EpiGraphDB database, creating multiple chronotype–trait interactions among each of the the traits studied. We revealed 10 significant chronotype–exposure associations (false discovery rate < 0.05) exposed to 111 potential previously known confounders, 52 intermediates, 18 reverse intermediates, and 31 colliders. Chronotype–lipid causal associations collided with treatment and diabetes effects; chronotype–bipolar associations were mediated by breast cancer; and chronotype–alcohol intake associations were impacted by confounders and intermediate variables including known zeitgebers and molecular traits. We have reported the influence of chronotype on several cardiometabolic and behavioural traits, and identified potential confounding variables not reported on in studies while discovering new associations to drugs and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- John A. Williams
- Centre for Computational Biology, Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK; (D.R.); (L.B.-M.); (V.R.C.); (S.C.P.); (F.A.); (A.A.); (G.V.G.)
- Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
- Correspondence:
| | - Dominic Russ
- Centre for Computational Biology, Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK; (D.R.); (L.B.-M.); (V.R.C.); (S.C.P.); (F.A.); (A.A.); (G.V.G.)
- Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
| | - Laura Bravo-Merodio
- Centre for Computational Biology, Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK; (D.R.); (L.B.-M.); (V.R.C.); (S.C.P.); (F.A.); (A.A.); (G.V.G.)
- Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
| | - Victor Roth Cardoso
- Centre for Computational Biology, Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK; (D.R.); (L.B.-M.); (V.R.C.); (S.C.P.); (F.A.); (A.A.); (G.V.G.)
- Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
| | - Samantha C. Pendleton
- Centre for Computational Biology, Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK; (D.R.); (L.B.-M.); (V.R.C.); (S.C.P.); (F.A.); (A.A.); (G.V.G.)
- Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
| | - Furqan Aziz
- Centre for Computational Biology, Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK; (D.R.); (L.B.-M.); (V.R.C.); (S.C.P.); (F.A.); (A.A.); (G.V.G.)
- Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
| | - Animesh Acharjee
- Centre for Computational Biology, Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK; (D.R.); (L.B.-M.); (V.R.C.); (S.C.P.); (F.A.); (A.A.); (G.V.G.)
- Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
- NIHR Surgical Reconstruction and Microbiology Research Centre, University Hospital Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2WB, UK
| | - Georgios V. Gkoutos
- Centre for Computational Biology, Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK; (D.R.); (L.B.-M.); (V.R.C.); (S.C.P.); (F.A.); (A.A.); (G.V.G.)
- Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
- NIHR Surgical Reconstruction and Microbiology Research Centre, University Hospital Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2WB, UK
- MRC Health Data Research UK (HDR), Midlands Site, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
- NIHR Experimental Cancer Medicine Centre, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
- NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2WB, UK
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Figueroa EG, González-Candia A, Caballero-Román A, Fornaguera C, Escribano-Ferrer E, García-Celma MJ, Herrera EA. Blood-brain barrier dysfunction in hemorrhagic transformation: a therapeutic opportunity for nanoparticles and melatonin. J Neurophysiol 2021; 125:2025-2033. [PMID: 33909508 DOI: 10.1152/jn.00638.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Stroke is the second leading cause of death worldwide, estimated that one-sixth of the world population will suffer it once in their life. The most common type of this medical condition is the ischemic stroke (IS), produced by a thrombotic or embolic occlusion of a major cerebral artery or its branches, leading to the formation of a complex infarct region caused by oxidative stress, excitotoxicity, and endothelial dysfunction. Nowadays, the immediate treatment for IS involves thrombolytic agents or mechanical thrombectomy, depending on the integrity of the blood-brain barrier (BBB). A common stroke complication is the hemorrhagic transformation (HT), which consists of bleeding into the ischemic brain area. Currently, better treatments for IS are urgently needed. As such, the neurohormone melatonin has been proposed as a good candidate due to its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and neuroprotective effects, particularly against lipid peroxidation and oxidative stress during brain ischemia. Here, we proposed to develop intravenous or intranasal melatonin nanoformulation to specifically target the brain in patients with stroke. Nowadays, the challenge is to find a formulation able to cross the barriers and reach the target organ in an effective dose to generate the pharmacological effect. In this review, we discuss the current literature about stroke pathophysiology, melatonin properties, and its potential use in nanoformulations as a novel therapeutic approach for ischemic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esteban G Figueroa
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology and Physical Chemistry, R+D Associated Unit to Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Alejandro González-Candia
- Institute of Health Sciences, University of O'Higgins, Rancagua, Chile.,Laboratory of Vascular Function and Reactivity, Pathophysiology Program, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas (ICBM), Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Aitor Caballero-Román
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology and Physical Chemistry, R+D Associated Unit to Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Cristina Fornaguera
- Grup d'Enginyeria de Materials, Institut Químic de Sarrià, Universitat Ramon Llull, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Elvira Escribano-Ferrer
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology and Physical Chemistry, R+D Associated Unit to Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red (CIBER) Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition, Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - María José García-Celma
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology and Physical Chemistry, R+D Associated Unit to Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Center for Biomedical Research Network in Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Emilio A Herrera
- Laboratory of Vascular Function and Reactivity, Pathophysiology Program, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas (ICBM), Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile.,International Center for Andean Studies, University of Chile, Putre, Chile
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Buijink MR, Michel S. A multi-level assessment of the bidirectional relationship between aging and the circadian clock. J Neurochem 2021; 157:73-94. [PMID: 33370457 PMCID: PMC8048448 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.15286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2020] [Revised: 12/23/2020] [Accepted: 12/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The daily temporal order of physiological processes and behavior contribute to the wellbeing of many organisms including humans. The central circadian clock, which coordinates the timing within our body, is located in the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) of the hypothalamus. Like in other parts of the brain, aging impairs the SCN function, which in turn promotes the development and progression of aging-related diseases. We here review the impact of aging on the different levels of the circadian clock machinery-from molecules to organs-with a focus on the role of the SCN. We find that the molecular clock is less effected by aging compared to other cellular components of the clock. Proper rhythmic regulation of intracellular signaling, ion channels and neuronal excitability of SCN neurons are greatly disturbed in aging. This suggests a disconnection between the molecular clock and the electrophysiology of these cells. The neuronal network of the SCN is able to compensate for some of these cellular deficits. However, it still results in a clear reduction in the amplitude of the SCN electrical rhythm, suggesting a weakening of the output timing signal. Consequently, other brain areas and organs not only show aging-related deficits in their own local clocks, but also receive a weaker systemic timing signal. The negative spiral completes with the weakening of positive feedback from the periphery to the SCN. Consequently, chronotherapeutic interventions should aim at strengthening overall synchrony in the circadian system using life-style and/or pharmacological approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Renate Buijink
- Department of Cellular and Chemical BiologyLaboratory for NeurophysiologyLeiden University Medical CenterLeidenthe Netherlands
| | - Stephan Michel
- Department of Cellular and Chemical BiologyLaboratory for NeurophysiologyLeiden University Medical CenterLeidenthe Netherlands
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Lorenzetti S, Plösch T, Teller IC. Antioxidative Molecules in Human Milk and Environmental Contaminants. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:550. [PMID: 33916168 PMCID: PMC8065843 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10040550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2021] [Revised: 03/23/2021] [Accepted: 03/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Breastfeeding provides overall beneficial health to the mother-child dyad and is universally recognized as the preferred feeding mode for infants up to 6-months and beyond. Human milk provides immuno-protection and supplies nutrients and bioactive compounds whose concentrations vary with lactation stage. Environmental and dietary factors potentially lead to excessive chemical exposure in critical windows of development such as neonatal life, including lactation. This review discusses current knowledge on these environmental and dietary contaminants and summarizes the known effects of these chemicals in human milk, taking into account the protective presence of antioxidative molecules. Particular attention is given to short- and long-term effects of these contaminants, considering their role as endocrine disruptors and potential epigenetic modulators. Finally, we identify knowledge gaps and indicate potential future research directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Lorenzetti
- Department of Food Safety, Nutrition and Veterinary Public Health, Istituto Superiore di Sanità (ISS), 00161 Rome, Italy;
| | - Torsten Plösch
- Perinatal Neurobiology, Department of Human Medicine, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Carl von Ossietzky University Oldenburg, 26129 Oldenburg, Germany;
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands
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Lorsung E, Karthikeyan R, Cao R. Biological Timing and Neurodevelopmental Disorders: A Role for Circadian Dysfunction in Autism Spectrum Disorders. Front Neurosci 2021; 15:642745. [PMID: 33776640 PMCID: PMC7994532 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2021.642745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2020] [Accepted: 02/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) are a spectrum of neurodevelopmental disorders characterized by impaired social interaction and communication, as well as stereotyped and repetitive behaviors. ASDs affect nearly 2% of the United States child population and the worldwide prevalence has dramatically increased in recent years. The etiology is not clear but ASD is thought to be caused by a combination of intrinsic and extrinsic factors. Circadian rhythms are the ∼24 h rhythms driven by the endogenous biological clock, and they are found in a variety of physiological processes. Growing evidence from basic and clinical studies suggest that the dysfunction of the circadian timing system may be associated with ASD and its pathogenesis. Here we review the findings that link circadian dysfunctions to ASD in both experimental and clinical studies. We first introduce the organization of the circadian system and ASD. Next, we review physiological indicators of circadian rhythms that are found disrupted in ASD individuals, including sleep-wake cycles, melatonin, cortisol, and serotonin. Finally, we review evidence in epidemiology, human genetics, and biochemistry that indicates underlying associations between circadian regulation and the pathogenesis of ASD. In conclusion, we propose that understanding the functional importance of the circadian clock in normal and aberrant neurodevelopmental processes may provide a novel perspective to tackle ASD, and clinical treatments for ASD individuals should comprise an integrative approach considering the dynamics of daily rhythms in physical, mental, and social processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ethan Lorsung
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Minnesota Medical School, Duluth, MN, United States
| | - Ramanujam Karthikeyan
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Minnesota Medical School, Duluth, MN, United States
| | - Ruifeng Cao
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Minnesota Medical School, Duluth, MN, United States
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN, United States
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Tian Y, Ji Y, Mei X, Pan J, He W, Sun J, Wan K, Yang H. Lower Plasma Melatonin in the Intervertebral Disk Degeneration Patients Was Associated with Increased Proinflammatory Cytokines. Clin Interv Aging 2021; 16:215-224. [PMID: 33568902 PMCID: PMC7869702 DOI: 10.2147/cia.s290045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2020] [Accepted: 12/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Intervertebral disc degeneration (IDD) was considered to be the pathological basis of intervertebral disc herniation (IDH). However, the plasma melatonin in the IDD cases and healthy controls remained unclear. Methods In this case–control study, a total of 71 IDD cases and 54 healthy controls were enrolled between April 2020 and August 2020. The diagnostic effect of plasma melatonin for IDD was detected using receiver operating characteristic curve. The correlations between two continuous variables were detected with the Pearson linear analyses. Results It was found that lower melatonin concentration was detected in the IDD cases (1.906 ± 1.041 vs 3.072 ± 0.511 pg/mL, P<0.001). Through receiver operating characteristic curve analyses, it was found that plasma melatonin could be used as a diagnostic biomarker for IDD (area under curve=0.808, P<0.001). In advanced correlation analyses, it was found that plasma melatonin concentration was negatively associated with the age, symptom durations, IDD disease severity and proinflammatory factors, including IL-6 and TNF-α concentrations (P<0.05). Comparing with the higher melatonin groups, significantly increased IL-6 (0.601 ± 0.085 vs 0.507 ± 0.167 pg/mL, P=0.028) and TNF-α (3.022 ± 0.286 vs 2.353 ± 0.641, P<0.001) were detected in the patients with lower melatonin concentration. Conclusion The plasma melatonin concentration was significantly decreased in the IDD cases and plasma melatonin could be used as a diagnostic biomarker for IDD. Lower plasma melatonin was associated with longer disease durations, elevated disease severity and higher inflammatory cytokines levels in IDD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yixing Tian
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Yiming Ji
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin Mei
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun Pan
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenye He
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiajia Sun
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Kaichen Wan
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Huilin Yang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
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Fock EM, Parnova RG. Protective Effect of Mitochondria-Targeted Antioxidants against Inflammatory Response to Lipopolysaccharide Challenge: A Review. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:pharmaceutics13020144. [PMID: 33499252 PMCID: PMC7910823 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13020144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2020] [Revised: 01/15/2021] [Accepted: 01/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Lipopolysaccharide (LPS), the major component of the outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria, is the most abundant proinflammatory agent. Considerable evidence indicates that LPS challenge inescapably causes oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction, leading to cell and tissue damage. Increased mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (mtROS) generation triggered by LPS is known to play a key role in the progression of the inflammatory response. mtROS at excessive levels impair electron transport chain functioning, reduce the mitochondrial membrane potential, and initiate lipid peroxidation and oxidative damage of mitochondrial proteins and mtDNA. Over the past 20 years, a large number of mitochondria-targeted antioxidants (mito-AOX) of different structures that can accumulate inside mitochondria and scavenge free radicals have been synthesized. Their protective role based on the prevention of oxidative stress and the restoration of mitochondrial function has been demonstrated in a variety of common diseases and pathological states. This paper reviews the current data on the beneficial application of different mito-AOX in animal endotoxemia models, in either in vivo or in vitro experiments. The results presented in our review demonstrate the promising potential of approaches based on mito-AOX in the development of new treatment strategies against Gram-negative infections and LPS per se.
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